Micropolitan America -villes and other small urban curiosities of the american countryside.
ksestudio, TX Fall 2018, Spring 2019
Micropolitan America
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Š ksestudio, TX 2018-19
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Contents Chapter 1: -ville 7 Chapter 2: Survey 17 Chapter 3: Projection 29 Chapter 4: Process 93 Credits 99
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Š ksestudio, TX 2018-19
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Chapter 1: -ville
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-ville
1. Map of US roadrips.
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-ville: Young, instant and radically small, the american town operates as an extreme condition of minimal complexity and minimum urbanity. If America is the original version of modernity according to Baudrillard, then the extremities of that vast internal American territory- understood here as a sequence of Greysvilles, Crossvilles, Maryvilles but also Moscows, Paris, Florences spread out in Tennessee, Texas, Louisiana or Arizona- offer us an insight to an accelerated end state of that modernity. ‘Micropolitan America’ produces an alternative understanding of urbanism that studies the american town as an instant and autonomous urban setup, one that is simple enough to be broken down in primary and identifiable elements, tools that enable urban function to operate at its very minimum. The towns are seen through a lens of radical remoteness as sprawled, diluted and scattered nodes of a network that strives to conquer a vast territory. This project produces a contemporary reading of the internal fringes of the United States by carving a mute-scaler, cross country section through the rural, micropolitan American territory. Deliberately in the lineage of traveling researchers and on-the-road produced architectural discourse- from Venturi and Scott-Brown’s ‘Leaning from series’ to Atelier Bow-Wow’s ‘Made in Tokyo’, or Van Eyke’s ‘Trip to the villages’, we set out to traverse the american landscape from north to south and from east to west, stopping at and investigating scattered dots of built environment, developing a research methodology applied on the map and on the road. Through a series of road trips mapped out and executed weaving through remote States, we follow a sequence of stops in places that no one wants to travel to, places that are not famous for anything, invisible from a certain altitude on a digital or physical map, places that we identify as “-villes”. “-ville” is a town that is smaller than a city- even though the terms town and city are legally interchangeable in the United States- bearing the suffix -ville and incorporated to have a town hall, an identifiable main street and some sort of urban condition that doesn’t always manifest itself in a similar manner, yet always exits. In the suffix -ville hides a distorted application of an urban condition that selects from the structure of the city elements that in themselves theoretically cannot exist autonomously. The suffix -ville provided us with a selection system that is both arbitrary and organised. We then decided to add to that list, towns that are named after other cities and realized that the selection convention was based on a simple premise. These names reflect the fledgling town’s ambition of immediately becoming a city, either by calling themselves as one or by mimicking and thus borrowing the significance of another. It is a sort of reverse colonization where a town is not named “New Something” but “Something” or “Something-city”. Public space appears depleted in its absolute minimum, sprinkled around the town-hall, the courthouse and the prison in the form of extensive flowerbeds, green lawns and quaint gazebos, yet always there. We see a connection between the application of the foreign suffix -ville to what
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-ville otherwise is a mere municipal corporation and the adoption of a recognizable city name- in most cases european city, as yet another attempt to simulate urbanity within the remoteness of the american territory. Towns of such scale and type reflect the simplicity and straightforwardness that allows them to be interpreted, as the absolute minimum urban cell. A -ville has at least one church, one post office, a town hall, a bar. One building of each main public function. The trip to the villes, a scanin other words- of a territory that is rendered continuous through the trajectory of the observer, becomes a way to flatten the research object to an elemental version of itself. The trip to the towns is an attempt to revisit the origins of the city as a recent archeology of the notion of the settlement through its youngest and less complex manifestation. The project sets out to collect and eventually bring back on the dissecting table findings of multiple scales. Initially, each town is coined on a territorial scale- usually found on an intersection of the jeffersonian grid, wedged in a pinch of the landscape, placed unapologetically on their specific location by forces from the industry or as intermediate nodes on larger infrastructural networks. A company town, a water stop, an oil field guardian. Zooming in, the town reveals its own generic or idiosyncratic geometric structure- constantly appearing to be waiting to get filled, to be completed, empty more than emptied. Stepping out of the car and getting closer to the dusty body of the town, the effortless identification of the main street or main square points to the more significant built component of the settlement. Close ups of the courthouse, jail, church, corner store, gazebo, school, post office, water tower and entry sign reveal anonymous yet radical acts of design. To quote from Rowe’s and Hejduk’s ‘Lockhart’:
Llano, Lampasas, Gainsville, Belton, Georgetown, Lockhart, and others are all as much the same as so many French medieval bastides. (…)They have, all of them, something of the unqualified decisiveness, the diagrammatic coherence of architectural models; and scrupulously regular, they appear, almost more than real towns, to be small cities in primitive paintings. Something of their interest derives from their conformity, but within the accepted pattern innumerable variations are to be found. An alternative history of the city is attempted in medias res. These relatively young but still centennial urban aggregations are asked to tell the story of the city from the middle going both forwards and backwards.
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The project here is organised in four chapter/ books, each one tackling a different aspect of the ongoing project’s output as it was explored through a series of design studios and seminars at the architecture school of Texas Tech during the fall of 2018 and the University of Texas in Austin in the sprign of 2019, from ksestudio.
-ville,
The chapter ‘-ville’ is a repository of the photographic documentation from the road trips performed by ksestudio in different times and territories.
process, ‘Process’ catalogues the representation process students go through in order to produce extremely detailed three dimensional sketches of the selected structures of interest.
survey, ‘Survey’ is an archive of town and building portraits produced in the framework of a representation seminar working off the ‘-ville’ project premise.
projection, Finally, ‘Projection’ is a registry of design speculations synthesised through the ‘-ville’ research studio at Texas Tech and UT Austin, where students were invited to produce architectural narratives that interrupted, challenged or redefined existing conditions identified within the constelation of West Texan towns.
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-ville
2. Donaldsonville, Luisiana 3. Miami, Arizona 4. Smithville, Tennessee
5. Whiteville, Tennessee 6. Marathon, Texas 7. Bagdag, Arizona
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-ville
8. Belleville, Texas 9. Somerville, Tennessee | Brownsville, Tennessee 10. Littlefield, Texas
11. Anton, Texas 12. Morton Texas 13. Hope, New Mexico
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Chapter 2: Survey
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Survey
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Fall 2018
Drawing the overlooked The work presented in this chapter was produced as part of a series of representation seminar course at Texas Tech University College of Architecture. The seminar focuses on an alternative understanding of urbanism that studies the American town as an instant and autonomous urban setup, one that is simple enough to be broken down in primary and identifiable elements that enable urban function at its minimum. Students perform one-day road trips, visiting a minimum of four towns and document buildings and conditions driven by their own curiosity. Back to the school, they model, draw, render and ultimately reveal overlooked building typologies. The identified types are sorted in indexical families and drawn out as a survey of their past and present conditions. Students produce a critical iconography of the American town, which is then re-inserted in the imagery of the land. Each student produces a collection of drawings that reveal urban, architectural, material, cultural or political issues through a building type, a particular town or a territory. Drawing scale and medium are defined according to the aspirations of each project and student agenda.
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Survey
14. Shed in dust-dorm. Anton, TX 15. Small shed. Anton, TX
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Survey
16. Main street corner store. Post, TX 17. Bienvenidos mexican restaurant, sunrise. Slanton, TX
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Survey
18. Gas station. Anton, TX 19. Water tower at noon. Anton, TX 20. Corner store. Shallowater, TX 21. Small Peanut Factory, Dusty TX
22. Corner store. Littlefield, TX 23. Silos. Anton, TX 24. Grain elevator at night. Anton, TX 25. Shed in fall. Anton, TX
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Survey
26. Small shed. Anton, TX 27. Feed mill. Anton, TX 28. Bakery. Slanton, TX 29. Church. Whiteface, TX
30. Church. Morton, TX 31. Corner store. Morton, TX 32. Car repair shop. Post, TX 33. Church. Morton, TX
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34. Map of geological conditions, Texas. [source USGS]
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Chapter 3: Projection
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Projection
Micro urbanism and hyper context
35. Map of studio Road-trips, TX.
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Spring 2019 The studio looks into the generic, the unseen, the overlooked, the irrelevant, the unfinished, the unwrought. Between the micro-urbanism of the Texan town and the hyper-context of the state, we deal with urbanism and architecture in a radically small and vast scale respectively. Students are be asked to perform an in depth reading of a selected territory aspiring to generate an understanding of the region through the elemental notion of the town inscribed within a networked landscape of power. The networks at play can be physical or notional and can be summarized as the basic requirements to organize and sustain an urban community: Nutrition (Water network, food provision), energy (Oil/ gas- gas stations, electricity - power plants), education (Schools, universities), transportation of people and goods (Railway, highway networks), administration (Local government, state, federal), law (Legislation, police and correction), organized Religion (Temples and communities), leisure (Recreation, tourism). Having selected an analytical lens to examine the territory through, the students travel long spans visiting towns on predefined cross sections of the research regions. The studio establishes an archive of urban and/or building typologies and of the greater networks they serve. The town hall, the Courthouse, the jail, thes school, the church, the gazebo, the store, the water tower and more are broken down with consecutive zoom ins and outs until they are able to formulate a new understanding and a critical position vis-a-vis the studio premise. Coming back from the road trip to the territory the students are asked to translate their observations into design interrogations acting on the latent potential of the town constellation. The objective is to loop the design arguments through a local intervention scale that exemplifies and challenges the current conditions as identified during the research. The aim is to be critical and not attempt to solve problems, rather hack the laid-out system and subvert it. During the final phase of the studio the students select the design medium through which they are going to deliver their thesis. The intellectual arguments produced by each project are expected to invent a format specific to each case and challenge conventions of architectural representation. The studio emphasizes the importance of dealing with the context and the design innervation on equal terms in an attempt to elevate the existing architecture to an unprecedented level of detail and focus.
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Projection
The Last Last Landscape
The team explored the dynamic between landscape and urban form visiting a number of towns in the high plains and the sierras of Northern New Mexico and South Colorado. Eagles Nest, NM is a leisure town organized in clusters around the arch of an artificial lake. The project samples pieces of the surrounding landscape, transports them, scales them and arranges them on a nine square grid in order to produce a system of social burial places intended to become a destination, the last last landscape. 36. Main street and courthouse square. Anton TX 37. Main street. Eagle Nest, NM
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Daisy Limon & Xiuyin Hu
Projection
38. Eagle Nest, NM | Mora, NM | Anton TX
The Last Last Landscape
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Daisy Limon & Xiuyin Hu
Projection
39. Burial square. Eagle Nest, NM 40. Internal view of burial square. Eagle Nest, NM
The Last Last Landscape
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Daisy Limon & Xiuyin Hu
Projection
41. Main Street. Eagle Nest, NM 42. Proposed interventions. Eagle Nest, NM
The Last Last Landscape
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Daisy Limon & Xiuyin Hu
Projection
Post Wellness
Settled in 1907 as a model town experiment by C.W. Post, the founder of the “Post” cereal company, Post, TX started as a utopian community and became one of the most active towns in West Texas, well connected through the rail and always at the edge of experimentation and technology. The team proposed the incorporation of Post’s unused main street buildings to an experimental wellness clinic, one that would strive to treat contemporary diseases such as allergies, auto immunes, intolerances and mental diseases. The different clinics meet along the main street which is divided by a linear lap pool, a symbol of catharsis and optimism to the future. 43. Main Street as Pool. Post, TX 44. Proposed Wellness Interventions. Post, TX
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Maria Leon & Thao Le
Projection
45. Main Street plans and elevations. Post, TX
Post Wellness
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Maria Leon & Thao Le
Projection
The 25 churches of Breckenridge
Breckenridge, TX, population 5,780 is a town of 25 churches from 7 different denominations. Based on an analytical archive of the architectural and typological repertoire of those 25 church buildings, the project hypothesizes on the inversion of the existing high school complex with a newly synthesized downtown campus formulated out of the 25 transposed church buildings. Secular and religious programs allow for a continuous occupation of the new main street and courthouse square. Architectural inventions emerge from this urban inversion: the football goal posts double as the main traffic lights, the bell tower serves as a diving board, while classes take place where mass will happen on the Sunday. 46. Bird’s eye isometric view. Breckenridge, TX 47. Isometrics of the 25 churches of Breckenridge, TX
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Daniel Arzaga, Valeria Duron & Arezoo Kayal
Projection
48. Football field and courthouse square. Breckenridge, TX 49. Proposed downtown high-school campus. Breckenridge, TX 50. Courthouse, gazebo and football field. Breckenridge, TX 51. Re-appropriated church buildings for hight-school campus. Breckenridge, TX
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Daniel Arzaga, Valeria Duron & Arezoo Kayal
Projection
52. Plan of downtown. Breckenridge, TX 53. Aerial view. Breckenridge, TX
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Daniel Arzaga, Valeria Duron & Arezoo Kayal
Projection
Productive Mountain
This project focuses on oil towns in West Texas in order to build a hypothesis of uncontrolled profit from with the town as the protagonist. The intricacies of land ownership and mineral rights are unpacked into a speculative narrative where a small town owns all the oil mined within its limits. The project mediates the conditions of living and working in an oil field and proposes a veil of leisure above the productive ground condition- basically an super intensified oil field, isolating it from view and capitalizing on its profits. The leisure mountain, that hides oil pumps and rigs, becomes a canvas for social activities and a destination for tourists above a concealed hyper efficient oil extraction field. Issues of collective ownership and local government are questioned through the thesis put forward by this project that attempts to subvert, while rendering hyper visible, the relationship between town and productive landscape. 54. Oil field plan. Around Denver City, TX 55. Productive Mountain, top view. Denver City, TX
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Ashleigh Daniel & Jorge Ituarte-Arreola
Projection
56. Ground Town Plan, existing. Denver City, TX 57. Main street view towards Productive Mountain. Denver City, TX 58. View from the dessert toward the town and Mountain. Denver City, TX
Productive Mountain
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Projection
59. Town Section. Denver City, TX
Productive Mountain
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Fall 2018
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Ashleigh Daniel & Jorge Ituarte-Arreola
Projection
ELECTRA TOWN MAP
REMOTENESS // BORDERS
WICHITA COUNTY
WILBARGER COUNTY
R_Barnes_S_Helmberger
SCALE: 1” = 500’
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The team explores the typologies of the ranch and banking system in Texas revealing their intrinsic relationship. A bartering facility is organized in the underachieve downtown of Electra, a town that exemplifies the relation between the neighboring ranch and the bank of Electra. By introducing a building that organizes and facilitates a bartering economy in the area, the existing monetary structures are disturbed. A collection of productive building types are framed with the use of a mega-shed that prolongs and loops the existing main street vector. The shop awnings transform to a social arcade of interaction and bartering exchange. 60. Town plan. Electra, TX 61. Ranching organizations around the border between Texas and Oklahoma.
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Rebbeca Barnes & Stephanie Helmberger
Projection
Barter Town
EXCHANGE
ELECTRA
NORTH ELEVATION
REMOTENESS // BORDERS R_Barnes_S_Helmberger
SCALE: 1/32” = 1’ - 0 “
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248 COWS DAY ACTIVITY
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180 GOATS
COTTON SEED 1442 CHICKENS
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750 LUMBER FOR 1 HOUSE
48 BALES OF COTTON
52 LUMBER
36 STEEL PANELS
48 BALES OF HAY
Haier
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WAGGONER RANCH // ELECTRA, TEXAS REMOTENESS // BORDERS R_Barnes_S_Helmberger
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62. Bartering center organization and operation analysis. Electra, TX 63. Barter town plan. Electra, TX
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TRADE CENTER PLAN
REMOTENESS // BORDERS R_Barnes_S_Helmberger
SCALE: 1/16” = 1’ - 0”
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Rebbeca Barnes & Stephanie Helmberger
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Projection
Architecture of fear
This project examines a landscape where fear and paranoia lead to the construction of unique defensive artefacts. Following the creation of an extensive index of such objects (radar antennas, cold-war underground elementary schools, missile silos, secret mormon compounds), the project designs for the future of one specific town, El Dorado, TX population 1,982, as it buys into this mechanism of fear- where collective paranoia imposes policy through the construction of defensive artefacts. Water has always been a crucial commodity in the region due to the continuous drought conditions and the severe watershed pollution. The project imagines the town of El Dorado, TX taking action by building a covert operation of water capture and processing, using the capital and cover provided by the nearby depleted defensive structures. A whole new social life occurs in the underground town square that doubles as a public pool and hides exactly under the original town square. 64. A Texan battle table of fear totems, TX. 65. Pave Paws Cold War radar transformation to a covert water pump, El Dorado, TX.
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Ian Amen, Patrick Till
Projection
Architecture of fear
66. Underground courthouse square, 4pm on a Friday & 7am on a Monday, El Dorado, TX. 67. Main street and former Zion Compound view, I Airplane hanger/ cover pumhouse, El Dorado, TX.
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Ian Amen, Patrick Till
Projection
Learning from Lampasas, TX
This project designs for a future where private cars have been completely ostracized from big cities and citizens that cannot imagine a life without their car find refuge in remote towns that still offer the opportunity to continue a lifestyle based on the presence and use of the car. Lampasas, TX welcomes an influx of urban expats and car zealots, responding with new drivable building typologies and public spaces. The project offers a comprehensive index and analysis of existing drive-in and through typologies and imagines the mutation of Lampasas to a completely drivein and though town. The town square transforms into huge tailgating parking lot. Cars go actually through the new strip-malls that emerge in town, the main church becomes a drive in and single family houses grow exponentially to include the car as the primary inhabitant. Humour and speculation deliver in this instance a fantastical urban and architectural projection. 68. Town and highway, morning, evenign elevations. Somewhere in Texas 69. Town isometric post-car occupation. Lampasas, TX.
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Meg Bunke, Davis Richardson
Projection
Learning from Lampasas, TX
70. Roadtrip “google maps” map, towns seen through the iPhone screen. Central Texas. 71. Car related infrastructure dimentioning explorations.
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Meg Bunke, Davis Richardson
Projection
Learning from Lampasas, TX
72. New town views through the car: drive through strip mall and Buc-ee’s gas station. Lampasas, TX 73. Drive in church and drive in house porposed typology. Lampasas, TX
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Meg Bunke, Davis Richardson
Projection
Learning from Lampasas, TX
74. Generic drive in & through town, including drive through zoo. Somewhere in Texas.
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Meg Bunke, Davis Richardson
Projection
75. Proposed drive through strip mall typology. Lampasas, TX 76. Proposed drive through housing typology. Lampasas, TX
Learning from Lampasas, TX
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Spring 2019
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Meg Bunke, Davis Richardson
Projection
Texan Towny
The project explores a proposed blurring between town and county, producing a new urban and territorial typology, the Towny. Three towns disincorporate and re-incorporate as a large Towny that is both town and county. Through this radical reshuffling the Towny is simultaneously more perfomative, even though more dispersed, as it has abandoned the town grid structure. Housing is placed in the leftover-spaces of the pivot irrigation system, a fleet of water towers emerges in the proximity of the artificial lake, while every street is a main street. 77. Colorado City, Loraine and Westbrook, TX building chart. 78. Town and territory portrait. Mason, TX
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Trent Tunks,, Zichao Xu
Projection
79. Plan of agricultural and housing typology merge. Loraine, TX 80. View of housing in the pivot irrigation leftovers. Loraine, TX
Texan Towny
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Trent Tunks,, Zichao Xu
Projection
81. Water tower forest. Colorado City, TX 82. View of water tower forest emerging housing lots. Colorado City, TX
Texan Towny
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Trent Tunks,, Zichao Xu
Projection
Texas two swap
‘Texas two swap’ focused on the building typologies that support civic and social activity in small Texan towns: the courthouse and the dancehall. Inspired by the history and cultural significance of these two building types, as well as their potential as a catalyst for political change in the micro-scale of town and county, this project interrogates the past by projecting an alternative future for the small town of LeGrange, TX. The narrative swaps the historic building of the courthouse, normally residing in the town square with the informal- even vernacular- building of the dancehall erected traditionally outside the city limits. The courthouse is now placed in the middle of the fields taking ‘its jurisdiction’ with it, allowing for the town to disincorporate and rearrange its function in a retroactive setup of local freedom and newfound independence. In its place, the dancehall now performs as the centre of the new micropolitan typology. 83. Courthouse transportation from the county seat to the fields. Somewhere outside LeGrange, TX 84. The Showdown: dance hall meets courthouse on a crossroad. Somewhere outside LeGrange, TX
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Claire Townley, Francisco Moises
Projection
85. Manifestations against county taxes in the courthouse square. LeGrange, TX 86. Catalogue ordered Courthouse. LeGrange, TX
Texas two swap
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Claire Townley, Francisco Moises
Projection
Texas two swap
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Spring 2019
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Claire Townley, Francisco Moises
Projection
Texas two swap
87. The transformation of the disincorporated town. Formerly known as LeGrange, TX 88. Horse racing at the square of the dissincorporated town. Formerly known as LeGrange, TX
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Spring 2019
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Claire Townley, Francisco Moises
Projection
A public body of water
The project questions the water caption right in the state of Texas and designs for a town that reactivates the mineral water wells in a collective attempt to bring water from the private to the public realm. The downtown becomes a water-scape articulated by the juxtaposition of every possible type and size of swimming pool. This new landscape operates both as a wet sequence but also as a dry one, allowing the empty pools to become open air amphitheaters and gathering spaces. The town of Glen Rose forges a collective identity through the ownership, use and exhibition of a large body of water. 89. Swiming pool typologies chart in Texas. 90. Dry and wet downtown landscape. Glen Rose, TX.
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Hannah Williams, Kellie Nguyen
Projection
91. Dry version of downtown swiming pool. Glen Rose, TX. 92. Wet verison of courthouse square pool. Glen Rose, TX.
A public body of water
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Hannah Williams, Kellie Nguyen
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Chapter 4: Process
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Process
93. Barter Town, Texas 94. Agricultural equipment. Roscoe, Texas 95. Healthcare building studies. Post, Texas
96. Churches. Breckeridge, Texas 97. Mountain. Denver City, Texas
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D. Arzaga, V.Duron & A. Kayal R. Barnes & S. Helmberger | T.Grandorf & O. Mafi | M.Leon & T. Le | A. Daniel & J. Ituarte- Arreola
Process
98. Buildings in Anton, Texas 99. Buildings Las Vegas, New Mexico
100. Buildings Eagle Nest, New Mexico 101. Buildings Mora, New Mexico
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Daisy Limon & Xiuyin Hu
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Credits Sofia Krimizi Kyriakos Kyriakou Jesus Ruelas Rebekah King Walter McKey Francisco Ambriz Taylor Grandorf Oluwaseyi Mafi Rebbeca Barnes Stephanie Helmberger Romina Cardiello John Shank Ashleigh Daniel Jorge Ituarte-Arreola Daniel Arzaga Valeria Duron Arezoo Kayal Maria Leon Thao Le Daisy Limon Xiuyin Hu Hannah Williams Kellie Nguyen Ian Amen Meg Bunke Ptrick Till Claire Townley Davis Richardson Francisco Moises Trent Tunks Zichao Xu
Š ksestudio TTU COA. FALL 2018
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