ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO AIR
KUDRAT MAKKAR 369232
“They inspire you, they entertain you, and you end up learning a ton even when you don’t know it” Special Thanks to Stanislav Roudavski & Gwyllim Jahn for the guidance.....
contents PART I EXPRESSION OF INTEREST case for innovation:
ARCHITECTURE AS DISCOURSE
06-07
New Amsterdam plein & pavilion- UNStudio+ Handel Architeects Swarm Urbanism - Zhaochen Wang Computational Design
08-10
Phare Tower-Morphosis Architects
PART Ii PROJECT PROPOSAL Site Interpretation Seamless Process Material Exploration Weathering Effects
Attractor – EXE Studio Parametric Design
11-12
(n)arcissus- SOFTlab reserach project Matrix
14-19
Reverse Engineering Project
20-23
Design Progression
23-28
Light Experiment
29
PART III LEARNING OBJECTIVES OUTCOMES
34-35 36-37 38-39 40-41 42-43
PART : I EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
CASE FOR INNOVATION
New Amsterdam plein & pavilion UNStudio+Handel Architects
Swarm Urbanism Zhaochen Wang
Source: www.architecturenewsplus.com
The site will be New York City’s first true 21st century intermodal transportation hub - where bicycles, buses, the subway and water transportation intersect with cultural offerings in a singular expression of daring but lyrical design - and will convert an intersection traveled by more than 150,000 residents and visitors daily into Lower Manhattan’s newest and most dynamic destination for cultural activity, entertainment, and enjoyment.The Plein & Pavilion project was conceived by the Battery Conservancy to create an extraordinary ‘outdoor living room’ for spontaneous and scheduled activities, public markets, seating and shade, and a gleaming white, state-of-the-art pavilion for visitor information and delicious locally grown gourmet food. This highly sculptural pavilion stands as a gateway to the Battery’s park and waterfront, with an expressive, undulating roofline and curving walls; a compact little building with the authority of a major landmark, evoking a flower opening to its surroundings.this project can be related to our major project in terms of context because it involves outdoor living, visitors and acts like a landmark for its surrounding.Also Whyndham council requires an installation to be literal or didactic in its references, as it may capture a more abstract,aspirational intent and feeling. However, it should aim to be accessible to a wide public and should explore place making aspects and qualities. therefore this project relates to the brief in someways. Site Plan Source: www.architecturenewsplus.com
Source: www.architecturenewsplus.com
The project is an investigation of swarm intelligence and slime mould and its translation into urban and architectural design. The site is located in Kiruna in the northern part of Sweden. The project creates an architecture which aims to create a half urban and half nature prototype space which could be covered by temperature sensitive glass that adjusts to light and wind. The project explores the relationship between people and urban design with an adaptive project that responds to external and internal stimuli. The building appears as a dynamic surface that changes color in real time according to specific requirements. this project relates to the major gateway project in a way connecting the people to the architecture of the gateway and urban design. also how they respond to external and internal stimuli. the use of temperatue sentsitive glass which changes its colour according to the changing weather and temperature condition is very interesting and can be used in the gateway project because colour always plays an important part when it comes to eye catching, welcoming or distant seeing. The wyndham project can be related to the this project in terms of urban design, how the princes freeway connects the urban melbourne city to Werribee, also the creation of the gateway keeping in mind both nature and urban design. Image Source: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/swarm-urbanism-zhaochen-wang/
innovations: computational design
Phare Tower Morphosis Architects
Drawing on the power of parametric scripting, the design of the Phare Tower gathers disparate programmatic, physical, and infrastructural elements from the requirements of the building and its surrounding context, and synthesizes these into a form that seamlessly integrates the building into the idiosyncrasies of its site while expressing multiple flows of movement. In the spirit of the Paris Exposition competition proposals, the tower embodies state-of-the-art technological advances to become a cultural landmark. The complex structure and skin adapt to the tower’s nonstandard form while simultaneously responding to a range of complex, and often competing, physical and environmental considerations. Technologies integrated into the Phare Tower capture the wind for the production of energy and selectively minimize solar gain while maximizing glare-free daylight. Its high-performance skin transforms with changes in light, becoming opaque, translucent, or transparent from different angles and vantage points.
Images source: http://morphopedia.com/projects/phare-tower#
“Fashion is architecture: it is a matter of proportions” CoCo Chanel.
image source: http://futuresplus.wordpress.com/2011/09/19/ecstatic-spaces-appropriation-sublimation-tara-keens-douglas/#more-594
Both the form and the orientation of the building respond to the path of the sun; the south façade’s curvilinear double skin minimizes heat gain and glare, while the flat, clear-glazed north façade maximizes interior exposures to year-round natural daylight. There is emmense use of contemporary computational design techniques in the designing of the tower which we can integrated in our expression of interest
Attractor – Changing the face of Belgrade’s historical core EXE Studio
images source: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/attractor-changing-the-face-of-belgrades-historical-core-exe-studio/
The Attractor is an Interactive Youth Center designed by Belgrade-based Exe Studio. Its conceptual origins are related to the need for diversification of activities within the city core. By using computational design techniques and achieving various degrees of structural and visual porosity, the project explores ways of contextualizing the contemporary design in an environment dominated by historical buildings. It offers, both programmatically and formally, a variety of spaces for public gatherings. The Attractor has several aspects, which allow nonuniform utilization: interior space facilitates cultural activities and information posts, while the open public space comprises an amphitheater and a green area, an urban oasis within Belgrade’s nucleus. A segment of the structure forms a canopy, which protects the street and preserves its values. The idea was to overcome some of the problems of the city by accentuating its cultural content. Here occurs the necessity for correlating existing structures and the contemporary need for public spaces. The aim was to create a valuable place for urban rest, communication and various activities. The chosen downtown site, located nearby Knez Mihajlova Street, is part of the main pedestrian area within the city core. The project establishes itself as an urban magnet, a center of attraction within the urban fabric.
On the surface, productivity and control seem like utilitarian motivations to script, especially when compared to the writing normally associated with scripting: chest thumping proclamations of new paradigms footnoted with references towards incomprehensible continental philosophy. In place of these typical grandiose proclamations is a very honest assessment of how scripting can be applied to the design process. Burry argues scripting as “an essential component of 21stcentury design education.” Scripting cultures – Mark Burry
Source: http://www.nzarchitecture.com/blog/2011/11/05/scripting-cultures-mark-burry/
contemporary scripting: programming cultures
(n)arcissus SOFTlab “(n)arcissus� is a site-specific spatial intervention in the stairwell of the Frankfurter Kunstverein, an artificial skin that drops down through the vertical space using gravity as a principle. By designing the form as a parametric model SOFTlab are able to manipulate the formal qualities of the final output while simultaneously optimizing it for physical construction. Their script breaks the surface down into individual surfaces for laser cutting, producing the unique modules needed to produce the larger structure. The installation is 9 meters tall and is supported by two metal rings. One at the top of the stairwell and one attached to the lobby ceiling. The form of the piece is controlled by over 1000 custom panels and the 2 rings. The skin of the piece is made of three layers of Mylar. The shape of the panels changes from a square to an x shape based on the position of the panel in relation to the space. Two of those layers change in reverse to produce a gradated color on the outside. The piece is meant to be seen as both an object and a spatial intervention. As a viewer enters the lobby it is unclear that the piece extends the height of the museum. Image and text source:http://www.softlabnyc.com/work/
It is not until the viewer enters the piece on the lobby or ascends the stairs that the extent of the piece is revealed. Both experiences are radically different due to the double skin. From the lobby the interior of the piece is reflective and produces a very narrow vertical space where the viewer is confronted with their distorted reflection produced in hundreds of changing panels. The installation is made of over 1000 laser cut panels of Mylar and vinyl and metal snaps.Using computational desgning and scripting we can create more innovative designs in respond to the EOI.
reasearch project: cut-develop
MATRIX
BOOLEANING PATTERNING+Math function+ROTATION
BOOLEANING PATTERNING+ATTRACTOR POINT+DATA EXTRUSION
BOOLEANING PATTERNIN+IMAGE SAMPLER+DATA EXTRUSION
BOOLEANING PATTERNING+multifunction+data extrusion
Arbitrary attractor+extrusion
ARBITRARY+CURVE+EXTENSION
BOO+ATTACT +ROTATE
BOO+MULTI+ROTATE
ARBITRARY+IMAE+SHADE
pattern+attractor+shading boolean patterning+multi math+data driven shading
ARBI+MATH+ROTATE
boolean pattern+image sampler+shading Boolean Pattering+Multifunction+Data Driven Extrusion
ARBI+MULTI MATH+ROTATE
pattern+curve attractor+shading Arbiitry+using set+roate
BOO+ATTACT +ROTATE
Boolean pattering+math function+shading
grid+curve+shade
arbitrary+using set+shading
arbi+attractor+shade
surface+math+extrude
arbitrary+attractor+extrusion
Pattern+using set+shaders
arbitrarypoint+image sampler+extrusion
pattern+curve attractor+shading
arbitrary+using+extrude
arbi+math fun+extrude
The matrix presented above represents the search outcome for the development of the Gateway Project design. Different definitions provided were mixed and matched through trial and error to create something considerably satisfying. From this, the candidates of solutions were produced for consideration and some were chosen for further develpment. According to Kalay (2004), this is a design process under the catagory of ‘search’ when the outcome of an action cannot be fully decided in advance. From this design method, it was realised that this method is more productive when done digitally. Not only it provided great amount of possibilities, it also helped to reduce amount of time consumed in search of a favourable design possibility. Through those possibilities, more choice were presented for the best to be chosen and be developed into something promising, thus contributes to the final design outcome. From the above, a few were chosen to be further explored. Since the theme is fluidity, it will be interesting to further explore the patterns formed in terms of its fluidity. However, it does not necessarily need to be confined into using the same method as how the patterns were formed. Different and more relevant methods will be used to effectively utilise them and the final most satisfying result will be adapted into the final design outcome.
RIPPLE The parameters to be changed in the definition are the math function input in the association techniques, as we change the values, the extrusion and the radius changes, which creates the effect of ripple. SWARM The parameters to be changed in the definition are the distance of movement and the radius of circles. The movement of the circles will occur when changing the data for rotation, which comes with an analogy of the birds swarm. And the image above shows how the change of radius have influenced output image, which is similar to the ripples of the water.
M
A
T
R
I
X
Reverse engineering case study BanQ/Office dA- Boston Radiused in order to smoothen the relationship between other adjoining equipment, creating a seamless landscape. To underline this strategy, certain areas of the ceiling "drip" and "slump", acknowledging the location of to place exit signs, lighting features, and other details. it seems to elevate the idea beyond a mere “garnish� to an otherwise ordinary facade; here the layers seem more than just that. They reflect structural forces themselves, rather than simply enliven their appearance
RIVER ARCHITECTURE
PRECEDENT: This project was developed for a competittion organised by architectural agency Arquitetum, called London 2008,by a team of Brazilian architects. The brief was to deisign a mobile architecture gallery which could travel along a river .The inspiration of this project is took from nature, the river flow. The innovation of this project is using the parametric design method to create the entire curving structure with the natural ambians -The constant lightness,transparency and visual permeability enable a relationship with the city through out the course of the river. -A winding and fluid space allows individual events,creates different environment. -dynamics of the city and expresses unpredictability of human occupation.
PROJECT: Our inspiration is about nature river landscape . We choose BAMQ restaurant case study as the starting point, then derived the werribee river flow data and developed it into our model shape. Relate to gateway project,the reason we do this is because -Werribee river is the important heritage of wyndham city -The river intimately connect the nature and landscape, -It is the demonstration of the landscape flow. Requirements: -is seeking a documentation of an exciing ,eye cathching installation at the Wyndham’s Wesern Gateway --offers a high exposure location to those entering the urban precinct of the municipality -inspires and enriches the municipality. -need to be significantly -enable to blend into surrounding landscape.
STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM Learning from precedent: CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM
Method: concept-river flow shape developmentmulti-curving Landscape stucture:
LAYER FORM DEVELOPMENT
FORM DEVELOPMENT RIB BASE
EXPERIENCE The original building is considering about space and nature. For our project , it’s considering about -passerby experiences -Aethetic and and movement -Innovation
Precedents-it use the box as the frame to enclose the building. Project-the entire structure is self support, considering about rigidity, we use ribe as the support and half of it is inserted into the ground.
DATA COLLECTION
THE BIG PICTURE
- movement patterns identified - agent based design generate vehicle & pedestrian paths - nonlinear architecture & inhabitable
MONTH(avr) (2012)4 LOW(midnight) 0.625 HIGH(morning) 0.65 LOW(afternoon) 0.5 HIGH(evening) 0.675
2 3 0.56 0.6 0.68 0.625 0.44 0.5 0.64 0.5
1 (2011)12 11 10 0.55 0.44 0.5 0.525 0.75 0.74 0.7 0.625 0.35 0.56 0.625 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4
9 8 7 0.6 0.55 0.325 0.5 0.55 0.85 0.72 0.475 0.45 0.46 0.95 0.97
6 0.58 0.6 0.68 0.66
5 0.65 0.5 0.55 0.7
Werribee river entrance TIDE times and heights - collection of tide data help reproducing river profile - simulation of river flow underpins the importance of river to the land - data as rationale for the curvy surface we created - surface curvature simbolizes sense of dynamic movement. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
DESIGN METHOD: SIMULATING NATURE BEHAVIOR FOR FORM & SURFACE GENERATION
- present the data graphically and joining them to produce a continuous flow - reason for having two curve is for lofting step as to create a fabric/surface SURFACE GENERATION + DETAILING
COMPLEX SYSTEM & LOGICAL
UNPREDICTABLE & VARIED BY DATA
- explores localized weather conditions as generative tactics for a parametrically limited undulating geometry. - Translucency, reflection and subtle tonal variations interact with ambient lighting to condition the exhibition space.
positioning curve ready for loft
top view INNOVATIVE
low posibility for transforming to physical model
perspective
NEW AESTHETIC
- emphasizing the historical value of the land - recognizable by general public - further abstract the image of ‘nature’
mesh surface -- devide surface into triangular makes it manufacturable
HISTORICAL VALUE
Aboriginal paintings ‘Desert Flower’ -- left ‘Country’ by Anna Pitjara-- right - relating the design with aboriginal art giving the concept a historical value. - further abstracting the design
d e v e l o p
light experiment
c u t
An experimental model with the purpose of further researching the WITH potential of lighting effect and dynamic EXPERIMENT LIGHTS change wss also done. The photo possitioning is produced lighting thewhile model -- imagine viewingby experiencing the light effcts sitting on theincar different directions. the concept of flow is achieved in the design: a project that is constantly changing with some CUT spot lights -- enhance the effect response to the user. The sporadic dotted light has the purpose ofsporadic symbolizing sparkling with ready some dotted light -- symbolizethe the sparkling CBD; small andCBD, preciouse excitement for you to explore small and precious excitement ready for you to explore. The atmosphere can be mysterical and welcoming and atmosphere -- mysterical and welcoming the visual effect is joyful and not disturbance visual effect -- joyful and not disturbance
RESEARCH
DEVELOP
PROJECT
r e s e a r c h
learning objectives and outcome:EOI At the beginning of the semester, digital architectural design, as the core of the subject, is first introduced and inevitably placed us in an active engagement with computational design, both in theories and practical work. Traditional paper-based design process is considered obsolete while digital computational design is argued to be a more vibrant and promising approach for contemporary architectural discourse and practice. The search project involves me to think about the philosophy of architecture in a much deeper sense. Prior to the learning, my perspective towards architecture is it is pure a visual art project that sits within an urban landscape and monumentalize its existence. Later, as the learning progress, I realized that it is important to think about architecture as a way of communication. For instance, more complex geometries can be created, greater manipulation over the design is enabled, and redundant repetitive work can be avoided while the consumption of time and resources is reduced. Apart of the theoretical aspect, we were given opportunities to develop practical skills using parametric modelling in Rhino together with visual scripting via Grasshopper. Another objective of the course is the familiarity with parametric design and the progress critical thinking. Prior to the subject, I have no background knowledge of parametric design. During a progressive attempt of learning and trying, I gradually found the merit and defect of parametric design and become familiar with it. Unlike traditional design method during which people would analyses the problem and then generate idea that tries to meet the design criteria; the search for the best design solution involves a lot of opportunities. digital fabrication was explored for the first time as an architectural student by fabricating one of the CUT projects in the case studies. Progressively, slowly though, we’ve developed the capability to work in various three-dimensional media as specified in the course objectives In conclusion, the learning outcome for the midterm proves to be immense as compared to what i knew during the initial two weeks of this studio.Tthere’s still a lot of scope for development in improving techinues used to create grasshopper definitions or photography skills or fabrication. the research project has somehow helped me to be more efficient for the final design and project in many ways.
PART : II PROJECT PROPOSAL
PROJECT: SITE INTERPRETATION THE SITE The City of Wyndham is located on the western fringe of metropolitan Melbourne. The Princes Freeway is the major transport route and connection between both these important places, traversing the municipality from east to west. Journey to and from workplaces and leisure facilities from Melbourne city generate a high proportion of Wyndham’s traffic and most of these journey are made on the Princes Freeway. SITE ON THE SITE-SITE A For the Getaway Project Site A has been chosen due to its strategic location and exposure from two main roads which can primarily be viewed by passer-by’s who are travelling at high speed and provide the first indication of arrival into metropolitan Melbourne. The location of the Western Getaway allows residents of Wyndham to see the Getaway easily everytime when they travel along the Princes Freeway. The Princes Freeway provides excellent exposure onto the site, with south bound and north bound traffic along the Princes Freeway splitting to create a 90 metre wide road reserve (site A), measuring approximately 50,000 metres square.
topography
seamless
Our installation is Not a rigid object rather a piece of art which is flowing and continuous making it dynamic and interactive. As we all know Wyndham is the fastest growing municipality in Victoria It represents the growth of the whyndham city and how it is changing its image by improving and upgrading the whydham coucil as a whole. Moving towards a better future and better living making it a seamless, continuous motive for the whyndham council.
concept In response to the Western Gateway project brief, the design aims to create a sense of fluidity over the site. Our proposed gateway project will give a sense of excitement and visually interesting spatial urban experience as the current site condition consists of mainly straight roads and flat areas making it very monotonous for the traveller’s therefore this gateway can spice up their journey. There are enormous flow types in the natural world which are in the form of fluidity, similarly our site experiences air, field, water flows in or around it. The basic idea behind creating the model was to show the dynamics of flow and connect it to the heavy flow of traffic and passer-by’s to and fro the whyndham city. Digital tools that have allowed us to build a gateway for the Western Gateway Design project with organic forms, instead of merely repeating order that characterizes the industrial architecture of the twentieth century .The concept of fluidity for the gateway project created extends from one end to another , with intersections in between making the design more dynamic and flowing similarly to the fludity in the flow in nature.
PROCESS
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
The Diagram shows briefly how the project is come into shape. As we were trying to interpret the concept of flow, we were trying to imagine how the overall shape would be look like. Since the car was driving by the project, the model would be much better if we make it stand on site instead of making cars pass through. Therefore, we redesign the model, (refer to part 3 for detail) draw two curves intersecting each other. And then extrude them into the desired height. Later, using parametric to determine the height of the extruded shape, with the edge it connected to the ground to create a smooth connection.
PLAN ELEVATION
The drawing shows how the project can be constructed under real world. First, weneed to extravagate the site where steel column should be placed. Then, place 600*600*400MM concrete pad to perform as the footing. Later, use crane to place steel columns onto the pads, the fixing part is special designed connection rod that can be made off-site. After the column procedure, place metal sheet and fix them onto the steel. Refer to detail in the detail drawing.
EXPLORING DIFFERENT
MATERIALS
For the final project, we explored different material possibilities. First we did a 1:50 model using the 3MM clear board, using the nuts to connect the different parts. Then in the real world, we imagine it to be constructed of solid material such as fibre glass.
Similar principle applied to the real world construction, by marking on the metal sheet where to put a steel column, we can control the sagging value and the outcome.
Later we explored another material solution, using polythene sheet pained with silver cover to simulate the real world material of metal sheet. As we progressively manufactured the model, we found that the metal sheet will have sagging effect, making the model more dynamic and fluid than flat sheet. Therefore, we return to the digital model to try to imagine how to make the model sagging. In order to make it, we decided to add iron wire spaced with pearl. By adding intersection in the digital model, we know where the places should be connected by wire. After exporting to the fabrication, we gradually make it by hand.
WEATHERING RAIN
PART III LEARNING OBJECTIVES OUTCOMES
Before the studio, I had softwares like autocad Sketch up, Photoshop. I had no clue and idea about grasshopper, for me it never existed. and for the intital two weeks everything taught about grasshoper seemed like another language. Also my 1st interaction with grasshopper was with the thinking of grasshopper as an insect. i thought it’ll be a cool software just gove few commands and boom comes out the model. but to my shock and sadness this was not the story. My initial interpretation with parametric design is that it can produce some crazy shapes, something that cannot be manually imagined using traditional method. Examples like the architect Zaha Hadid, all of her project has this fluid shape that integrate into the landscape. Most of the designs have this effect of changing people’s perception of space, creating a space that continues and seamlessly connect to different areas. The Learning Objective asks for learning the software and researching for precedents using parametric design, instead of looking at the shapes or performance, we need to link the design to a deeper philosophy, making connection to the social, cultural and even historical background. In other words, think critically of the design method, arguing about the merit and short come of such design method. It gives an opportunity to think critically on the design concept and the design philosophy of contemporary architecture practice. With the help of tutors, online faciliies and exercises done every week i started gaining confidence. there were many bumps and ups and downs on way. sometimes i just wanted to throw my laptop away, sometimes i cursed the course but finally got the hang of it and then i reached where i wanted to reach. i still cant call myself a professional in grasshopper but may be somewhere in middle. atleast i know what i can do with it if i try exploring and learning it more. A For the final project, we were asked to design a gateway project using the research backgroud and the grasshopper software. therefore to test our elegibility of how much do we understand the software. therefore with ehlp of my group mates we all started exploring different definitions, different outcomes. we failed at times and succeded the other times. we finally got our definition but then we had to alter it according to the site, scale etc. after completing that we relaized we have to fabricate it. Fabrication was another huge learning process. unfolding the defiritions, sending them to fab lab, non stop voisiting and ringing the lab to get our model cuttings. around three times we submitted the file which was not getting cut. late night redoing the definition. unfolding it correctly, seding it in again fab lab, waiting outside for our name to be called and the joy when the model was cu accurately. Then came the stage of building the model. the way we designed our model there was a lot of times consumed in modelling it. most of the work was done by hand, from screwing the screws to joining the frames, to glueing them togther.