Academic Project: Verdant Heights by Kundanika Adkuloo

VERDANT HEIGHTS Heriot Watt University - Dubai

Table of Contents STAGE 1: Introduction Design Development Site & Location of Verdant Heights External Services Requirements Building Services Systems Electrical Power Sustainability Strategies Fire Safety Solutions Security and Communication System Building Plans

3 4 5 7 7 19 22 23 24 26

STAGE 2: Introduction and Stage 1 Summary Building Modeling Detailed Study HVAC System Electrical System Cold Water Storage Tanks Sizing Fire Strategy Plan Construction Plan Appendix References

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STAGE 1: Introduction Initially a conceptual design for a mixed-use building, Verdant Heights, on a predefined plot on Sheikh Zayed Road in Media City â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Dubai, was proposed. The main idea is to create a design which is sustainable and energy efficient, even if itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a large, modern and high-density structure. This implies reducing energy demand and carbon emissions even as functional performance is improved. The plan of the built form is such that it accommodates the following gross spatial and functional requirements: -

25,000 m2 of commercial office space including ancillary spaces 300 room hotel 1,200 car parking spaces Public space to create a lively podium level

All these requirements have been accomplished in an available plot size of 180m x 70m, due to which the project comprises of a high-rise building structure. Plans, elevations, 3D drawings have been produced for the proposed building design. This design brief includes a proposal of the leading-edge materials, systems, infrastructure and principles, which when put together with the building design concept will emerge as an exemplary sustainable development. The brief also includes a mention of the following points: - How external services will be supplied to the site. - Provision of building services systems or strategies to maintain comfort for users and their impact on the shape, appearance and spatial planning. The main goal in doing so would be energy minimization and achieving sustainability. - The facade and overall construction in terms of implications on energy demands. - Use of water to reduce the demand for mains potable supply.

Final Design

Design Development The first stage of the project, Building Design, was completed in groups; but the design used in my project is completely my individual design and concept. Verdant Heights - Area Statement:

Design Development Sketch Building Bldg 1

Bldg 2

Bldg 3

Bldg 4

Design Development Sketch

Function Office (Level 1 to 32) + Retail Shops (Ground level) Hotel (Level 4 to 24) + Restaurants (Level 1) Hotel (Level 4 to 17) + Restaurants (Level 1) Health Club + Recreational Facilities

No.of Floors G + 32

Area of each floor (m2) 1656

Total area (m2) 54648

G + 27

935.55

261954

G + 20

935.55

19646.55

G+5

1641.68

9850.08

SITE & LOCATION OF VERDANT HEIGHTS

In a nutshell, the approach to low-energy design can be explained in four steps. The first is to trim down the demand for energy through architectural design and an analysis on the comfort conditions. The second step involves the use of efficient mechanical systems. Steps three and four involve the employment of renewable energy generation, combined with other alternative means of supply, involving passive solutions. It has been identified that between 10-15 percent of energy savings in a conventional office building can be accomplished with small changes, like changing the set point of the air-conditioning system, controlling the use of internal blinds in accordance with the availability of daylight. (Goncalves, 2010) Access and Mobility: Designated parking has been provided for fuel-efficient and carpool vehicles and for disabled users, as required by Dubai Municipality (DM) Building Regulations, Administrative Resolution No.125-2001. Verdant Heights complies with Dubai Municipality Building Regulations, Administrative Resolution No.125-2001with regard to Special Needs users. All the access routes, internal movement routes and lifts offer provision of an all-inclusive design. (Government of Dubai, n.d.) Thermal Comfort: The internal environmental conditions (ventilation rates, lighting levels and noise levels) appropriate for the use of the individual spaces within the development have been provided and indoor comfort temperature for UAE has been mentioned. Design strategies employed to enhance the indoor environmental conditions: Passive Design and daylight access - Indoor environment and air quality enhances the comfort and performance of the users. 85-90% of the offices, hotel rooms and other functional spaces receive direct natural light and views to the outside. Visual Comfort - Efficient LEDs have been installed to reduce the energy use, with daylighting dimming controls, effective fittings and optimum lighting distribution. Controls will automatically balance natural and artificial lighting levels. Most lights will have occupancy sensors.

Acoustic Comfort - Acoustic tiles for ceiling will be used to dampen the sound.

External services requirements All calculations in a separate document

Building services systems

Water storage: Storage tanks - Buildings are usually equipped with water storage tanks, which provide two functions. It is an available source of water when usual supply from DEWA is interrupted. Stored water can also be used for fire-fighting purposes. To conserve water, the storage tank will be designed with two independent chambers, each taking up 50% capacity of the total tank volume. As a result water from one chamber will be circulated to the other chamber during maintenance, preventing the need to drain the complete water content of the tank. Water storage tank will serve the following functions: • sanitary flushing • supply of drinking-water • firefighting • airconditioning • refrigeration • ablutions • prevention of crossconnections • make-up water • contingency reserve. (WHO, n.d.) Since buildings that are too tall can’t be supplied throughout by the typical pressure in the water mains. These buildings have particular requirements in the design of their sanitary drainage and venting systems. Water main supply pressures of 8–12 metres (25– 40 feet) can supply a usual two-storey building, but higher buildings need pressure booster systems. (WHO, n.d.)

Acoustic Tiles for Ceiling

Booster pump: Variable frequency drives (VFDs) have been installed in Verdant Heights. These intelligent and efficient booster pumps allow for varying flow and water pressures to accommodate the demand, required by the building. Advantages of VFDs are: removing energy losses of pressure reducing valves and the high-head conditions as flow decreases, extending motor life without continuously being on, no in-rush current, extended life of motor bearings and pump seals, reducing “water hammer” in the system, and efficiency rates as high as 80%. VFDs consist of control sequencing, setpoint control, monitoring, and the automatic alteration of pumps. These controls allow the booster pump to deliver more energy, which results in an increase in energy savings. (Seier, 2011) Measures that will facilitate in improving water efficiency in Verdant Heights:  

Leak detection - Water leakage from toilets, faucets, or plumbing fixtures can be responsible for as much as 10 to 30% of water losses. Hence, regular check and maintenance controls will be installed to identify leakages. Vacuum toilets - Toilets will be connected to a vacuum source, for flushing. This system runs with the help of a pump that creates a vacuum to help flush the contents of the toilet with minimum water use. With this system water consumption can be reduced 0.5 liters per flush.

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Urinals with on-demand sensors - Infrared sensor operated urinals function by sensing the presence of a user within the detection zone for more than a certain time threshold. The user’s exit from the detection zone starts flushing. These units use 1 - 1.5 litres of water per flush. Since such sensors can be prone to malfunctioning causing water wastage, it is essential to fit them with manual shut off valves.

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Water efficient shower heads and faucets - Efficient shower heads function by mixing water flow with an air jet. These units offer satisfactory contact with water and achieve effective rinsing with much less water. While a five-minute shower with a normal shower head uses around 100 liters of water, a water efficient shower head consumes only 35 liters.

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Faucets with on-demand sensors – These faucets rely on infrared sensors to activate water flow. With the use of this system, water use in wash basins will be reduced significantly.

Triplex vertical multistage variable speed pumping system. Courtesy: Environmental Systems Design Inc.

• Water distribution system - The internal water distribution network has been designed with clearly independent zones. Each sector will be equipped with a water flow meter measuring the water consumption in that particular sector: One sector per level One sector for the common areas (corridors, technical areas, others) One sector for the HVAC system One sector for the irrigation system Verdant Heights will have a dual pumped system, wherein two sets of pipes will run throughout the buildings; one for drinking water and one for recycled or greywater. (Government of Dubai, n.d.) • Grey and black water treatment systems will be installed in the development so that wastewater from the buildings can be recycled and reused for toilet flushing and irrigational purposes. (Elgendy, 2010) This system comprises of a separate drainage network, an on-site simple treatment unit – e.g. using sand filters or ultra-filtration , a storage tank, and a dedicated distribution network. (AFED, n.d.)

• Water-efficient landscaping and irrigation - Drip irrigation Green roofing has been done on the hotel buildings 2 and 3, which decreases the urban heat island effect and at the same time enhances the aesthetics of the building. A roof garden will also be designed in addition, so that the users can take a break and relax. (Weybrecht, 2015) A high-efficiency irrigation technique where water is distributed at low pressure through hidden pipes and sub-pipes, which in turn dispense water in the soil from a network of perforated pipes, has been designed in the exterior landscaped area and for the green roofs. (Government of Dubai, n.d.) Only small plants and vegetation will be a part of the landscaping, since tall palm tress and foreign plants need extra water and energy to survive. Twenty five percent (25%) of the total landscaped area of the building plot, including green roofs, will employ plant species adapted to Dubai’s climate. (Government of Dubai, n.d.)

• Hot water system – The large quantities of water required by the development will be heated, accumulated and circulated, by the CHP system. Drainage System: In the drainage system for a high-rise building, the drains from the plumbing fittings are joined to vertical drain stacks that transmit the waste and sewage to below the lowest floor of the building. Wherever possible, the sanitary drainage system of a building should discharge to the public sewer by gravity. All plumbing fittings situated below ground level should be pumped into the public sewer or the drainage system leading to the sewer. The pump line should be as short as possible and looped up to a point not less than 0.6 metres above ground level, to avoid back siphonage of sewage. Sewage pumps in high-rise buildings should be duplex, with each pump having 100% of the required pumping capacity for the building. Alternatively, a vacuum drainage system may be used. Vacuum Drainage System - In a vacuum drainage system, the differential pressure between the environment and the vacuum is the driving force that pushes the wastewater towards the vacuum station. Vacuum drainage system has been installed in this development due to the following conditions: • water scarcity; • inadequate sewerage capacity; • since division of black water and greywater is preferred; • unstable soil and flat land; • congested usage, and flexibility in pipe routing is required. Advantages of Vacuum Drainage System:         

Ecofriendly Electrical power required only at vacuum station Self-cleansing No risk of vermin in pipes Water-saving technique since vacuum toilets will be used in conjunction High water velocities prevent deposits in pipes Negligible possibility of leakage Use small-diameter lightweight pipes High turnaround time – no need for cistern to refill for subsequent flushes

Generation of Cooling: Solar Absorption Chillers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Solar Thermal Air Conditioning â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10 Tons & more A solar powered chiller system is an energy efficient and cost-effective choice for Verdant Heights. Absorption chillers are powered by heat (hot water).

Working of Solar Air Conditioner: Solar air conditioner is powered by solar energy collected in the evacuated tubes of the solar thermal panels. This thermal energy is then sent to the solar chiller using Propylene Glycol heat transfer solution In summer or winter, even at low temperatures, solar air conditioners manufactured by Solar Panels Plus work efficiently. The system is designed such that the heat is transported to the absorption system, either reducing or eliminating the function of the existing cooling or heating system in this building. This results in free solar air conditioning in the summer, and free solar heating in the winter. Solar Air conditioners are simple and reliable, using no harmful CFC (Freon, etc.) and the unit proposed for this development works without any moving parts. Solar absorption chillers use little or no electrical energy. The only components that use any electricity are low amp fan motors, control boards, and small pumps that move the thermal transfer fluid from the collectors to the chiller and then back up to the collectors. Within the entity is a small pump that moves the refrigerant. There is no compressor to use power. All these small electrical loads will be supplied by a small solar PV panel setup, leading to zero energy costs for the solar air conditioning system. (Solar panels Plus, 2014)

Distribution of Cooling: Chilled beam system is a sustainable and energy efficient HVAC system. This system uses water as well as air to transfer energy throughout the building. It's made of copper tubing and attached to aluminum fins; it's placed in a metal sheet enclosure and is usually positioned at ceiling level. It's a fan coil unit without a fan. The chilled beam system provides sensible cooling and heating to a space by employing the more efficient heat transfer capacity of water, as opposed to air. Integrated/multi-service beams are chilled beam units that consist of lighting, speakers, cable pathways, computer and electrical wiring, occupancy sensors, smoke detectors, and sprinklers. A Hybrid multi-service chilled beam system will be used in this project. These combine an air-side ventilation system and a hydronic (or waterside) system. The air-side system fulfills all the ventilation requirements of the building as well as satisfies the latent loads. The waterside system is designed to meet the balance of the sensible cooling and heating loads. (Price Industries Limited, 2011) Chilled beam operation: 1.Primary air (dehumidificated outside air) supply into supply air compartment 2. Primary air moves through small nozzles, where its velocity is increased. 3. Primary air supply makes the room air to be re-circulated through the heat exchanger of the chilled beam. 4. Re-circulated room air and the primary air are mixed and released back into the space through slits along the beam (Virta, n.d.)

Advantages: • Since they don’t have moving parts, chilled beams are noiseless and easy to maintain. • Floor-to-floor height can be reduced, and space can be maximized because chilled beams don't need equipment/mechanical rooms or massive ductwork. • Better thermal comfort because this system has a better air-distribution pattern • Flexibility for various types; offices, hotels. • Enhanced indoor air quality - Active beam systems transmit heat directly to/from the zone and are often used with a 100% outdoor air system that exhausts contaminated air directly to the exterior, reducing the risk of VOCs and infections to travel between air distribution sectors • Very high cooling capacity ‒ Up to 100 BTUH/FT2 floor space ‒ Up to 1500 BTUH per LF • Cooling, ventilation and heating ‒ All services in the ceiling cavity • Less complex AHU and terminal unit controls (Leffingwell, n.d.) • 50% - 65% less supply air needed • Up to 30% decline in energy use • An additional 8 – 10 LEED points can be achieved. Energy-Efficiency: Fan use is reduced, which saves energy. As it's more efficient to pump water than to blow air; to achieve the same quantity of cooling by moving water than by transporting air is about a 10:1 ratio. Concern in Hot & Humid-Climates: Condensation can arise, so surface temperature of the chilled beams should not get too cold. Since air from the occupied space passes over the cold surface of the coils, the interior dew point must be maintained below the surface temperature of the chilled beam coil to avoid moisture from condensing on the coil and dripping into the space. To achieve this a) humid outside air has been limited to penetrate in the interiors, by designing a tight building envelope and b) the HVAC system will be controlled to maintain positive building pressurization during humid weather. (Murphy, 2011) If room humidity conditions drift or rise above design, and the dew point sensor detects condensate formation, the typical control action is to adjust flow to the beam or reset the chilled water supply (higher temperature). (Rebhuhn, n.d.)

This system is a suitable option for Verdant Heights since the airconditioning system is sized based on heating and cooling loads rather than ventilation and it’s a high-rise structure. Heat gains from equipment, solar radiation, etc. also exist in the building spaces and so this system will work well. Because thermal comfort is of prime importance, chilled beams can work well. (Anon., 2008) Figure 5 shows that a chilled-beam system can reduce electrical-energy demand by almost 25 percent.

Entering water temperature -Furnishing colder water to the chilled beam increases the cooling capacity of the beam. Using colder water temperature involves the space dewpoint to be lower to avoid condensation, which means the primary air needs to be dehumidified to a lower dew point. (Murphy, 2011) Primary Air Temperature – For cooling should be 55°F or Lower. This reduces lengths/number of beams

Room Controls: Room controls will be incorporated in the chilled beam as well as on the wall or in the ceiling void. A room air temperature sensor inside the chilled beam, measuring the re-circulated air's temperature makes it possible to freely shift partition walls without cabling changes. (Halton, n.d.) â&#x20AC;˘ Monitor Local Temperature and Dewpoint: The use of a temperature sensor and relative humidity sensor (located on the face of the beam, in the zone or in the return duct) can provide great results in measuring humidity where the risk of condensation is maximum. â&#x20AC;˘ Monitor Moisture on CHWS Pipe: A sensor will be fixed which will identify the coldest piping location in the zone. This allows for the detection of condensation directly at its worst-case location. When moisture is thus detected the zone water flow is shut off and will not be restored until the moisture has been evaporated. This can also signal an increase in primary airflow to help in returning the space to suitable humidity conditions. (Schurk, n.d.) Lighting: Lighting integrated underneath the chilled beam provides good contrast and visual comfort in the interiors. These can be complementary to the standard light fittings, for both direct and indirect light. All these lights will be equipped with built-in on/off or dimmable control and different connection options. Emergency lights will also be integrated into the chilled beams at certain locations. (Halton, n.d.) Detectors: Occupancy sensors allowing for demand-based ventilation, as well as day light sensors and smoke detectors, will be integrated into the chilled beam. Sprinklers: Sprinkler pipes will be attached above the beams and the individual sprinkler nozzles will be located in the middle of the beam.

PA speakers: Public announcements and background music will be provided through built-in pre-wired speakers. Cable systems: The installed chilled beams will also incorporate electrical connections, telecoms and data cables, connection boxes and power pole connections conveniently.

Chilled beams serve heating and cooling requirements so that bulky air handling units on the roof can be replaced with smaller ventilation air handlers that are typically 75 percent smaller than standard air-conditioning units. (Stock, 2011)

Multiservice active chilled beams (MSCB's) – Ultima, manufactured by the company Frenger will be installed in Verdant Heights. A full range of building services will be built-in this MSCB system: • Heating & cooling • Fresh air supply • Up lighting, down lighting and emergency lighting • Fully addressable lighting solution (DALI) • PIR, Photocells etc • BMS sensors, control valves & condensation detectors • Fire alarms and sprinkler heads • Acoustic insulation • Pipe work, ductwork & compartmental trunking

Flat Faced Ultima MSCB LPG System:

The unit can induce and condition 4-5 times as much room air as fresh air supplies. Air supply rate upto 80l/s per unit. Easy installation Dimensions Length: Modules from 1.2m up to 3.6m Width : 592mm Performance 1050 watts per meter total cooling based on 10dTK and 26 Itrs/sec/m for a 2.4m long beam supplied at 16°C with a 100Pa).

The two most common LPG gases are Commercial Propane and Commercial Butane, as defined in BS 4250. Commercial Propane is stored in red, yellow colour cylinders and bulk storage vessels and specially used for heating, cooking and various commercial & industrial applications. LPG has one key feature that distinguishes it from Natural Gas. Under modest pressure LPG gas vapor becomes a liquid. This makes it easy to be stored and transported in special vessels and cylinders.

Components of LPG System: LPG Storage Tank - LPG Storage Tank is designed, manufactured, tested and marked in accordance with International standards and is approved by Dubai Civil Defense. LPG Storage Tank consists of pressure relief devices, container shut off valves, backflow check valves, plugs, level gauges and pressure gauges connected directly to the container openings. Liquid Filling Line Bypass (Pressure Regulation and Distribution Panel) Emergency Manifold Supply Line Droppers/Risers Indoor Connections - Pipes and fittings are provided in accordance with NFPA 58. Valves, Other than Container Valves Isolating valve is as per L.P. Gas application. Gas Detection System - The central control panel will be situated in the control room located on site and shall easily be reachable in the event of an emergency. The concentration of the gas shall be displayed on a common indicator with selector buttons to show the concentration of the preferred channel or zone indicator. The gas detectors shall use a sensor to detect flammable gases and vapors. The sensor shall be placed in a stainless steel, flame proof enclosure, fixed into an explosion proof junction box. Vaporizer - A vaporizer is designed to collect the liquid LPG and increase its temperature (heat the liquid) well above the boiling point at the delivery pressure. Thus, a vaporizer generates the (heat) energy that is required to maintain the gaseous state of the LPG. Gas Meter - Gas Meter is used to quantify the flow of fuel gases such as natural gas and propane. Gas meters are used at residential, commercial, and industrial buildings that consume fuel gas supplied by a gas utility. (GULF GAS PIPELINES INSTALLATION AND SUPPLY, 2007)

Electrical power Onsite renewable solar energy generation: Mono-silicon PVs will be mounted on the roof of the office building, since they have a higher efficiency and produce more electricity. Photovoltaic panels will also be installed on top of the outside shading devices, generating electricity that will be used to light spaces such as lobbies and underground parking areas. (Elgendy, 2010) Solar PV panels function by transferring photons in sunlight that strike solar cells within the panel into direct current (DC) electricity. An inverter converts that DC electricity into alternating current (AC) electricity â&#x20AC;&#x201C; which is used to power this building. (General Electric Company, 2015) Zep Solar Peak system has been installed in this project, by the company SolarCity. It fits 20-50% more panels on the roof, reduces the number of components, it is lightweight and has superior aerodynamics. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a much stronger and robust installation and can tolerate high winds. ZS Peak is a flat roof solar PV system that is twice as fast to install and can generate significantly more solar electricity than other solutions. The east-west facing design maximizes generation capacity by 20-50 percent per building. ZS Peakâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s east-west orientation also captures peak power production throughout a longer period of the day. (SolarCity, n.d.)

Integrated Solar Façade System: This concentrating PV technology has been installed on the exterior envelope of Verdant Heights. The solar façade consists of a glass wall in which rows of transparent concentrators are aligned in a honeycomb pattern and suspended on wires that move up and down, and twist side to side in harmony with the sun’s movement. Each concentrator includes a Fresnel lens that magnifies light nearly 500 times and directs it to a Spectrolab solar cell made of highly efficient gallium arsenide. The Spectrolab cells have an efficiency of 38.2%. This system, enclosed between two pieces of glass, provides both heat and electricity. Heat sinks positioned behind the solar cells soak up the sun’s heat, which heats the fluid that runs behind the system to cool it. The result is a symbiotic relationship in which solar cells are kept cool – photovoltaic cells lose performance when they heat up, and at 500 times concentration, they get very hot – while the cooling system also captures the waste heat. This is then used by the heating system. The concentrating solar façade system can supply electricity, hot water, heat, day lighting, and cooling. All together, the system uses 60-80% of the sun’s energy – including light and heat. At the same time its aesthetically pleasing as well. The concentrators have modern design, bringing daylight into the building while deflecting heat and glare, reducing the need for artificial light during the day. Like partially open venetian blinds, people will be able to see past the concentrators throughout the day, except right at noon when they will be completely “closed”. But unlike stationary blinds or drapes, the concentrators will automatically move throughout the day to block glare. The removal of much of the heat that comes with the light will make the building more pleasant for occupants, as buildings with many windows suffer from hot temperatures. This system also makes buildings in hot climates need less air conditioning in the summer, reducing electricity demand and cost. As the façade is part of the building, enclosed in glass, it isn’t exposed to exterior elements like rain, wind, which will result in higher stability and reliability. And even though the façade is encased in glass, the system is accessible through a door in the window in the event that anything should go wrong or for maintenance purposes. (Kho,

Combined Heat and Power System (CHP): Caterpillar combined heat and power (CHP) system (also know as cogeneration) uses clean pipeline natural gas as a fuel source and will be used for power generation in Verdant Heights. Cat ® gas generator sets can simultaneously provide electricity for electrical loads and heat energy for a facility's thermal requirements. Benefits from CHP system include:   

Energy efficiency up to 90 percent Reduced emissions versus separate heat and electrical generation systems LEED Certification via Energy Efficiency Credits

How CHP Works: Cat natural gas CHP system can be configured for applications involving heat recovery. The engine drives the Cat generator set to produce electricity, while jacket water and/or exhaust cooling circuits are fed through heat exchangers to transfer the waste heat from the engine to the user’s hot water or steam circuit. The hot water or steam can then be effectively used for the facility's process or HVAC requirements, including facility cooling when implementing an absorption chiller (known also as trigeneration). How Distributed Generation and Emergency Standby Power Work When power is produced nearby without heat recovery from the engine, Caterpillar provides radiators to supply proper cooling to the engine jacket water, engine oil and aftercooler water circuits. Generators operate in parallel with one another or with the local utility power source. Natural gas fueled standby power systems are the solution of choice for life safety emergency standby systems. This is due to the reduced fuel maintenance, lower emissions and higher availability. Typically installed with an automatic transfer switch (ATS) or paralleling switchgear control for multiple generator sets, these systems sense when a utility outage occurs and automatically initiate the backup power system and transfer power to the emergency source. When regular grid power returns, the control system automatically switches back and shuts down the emergency generator. (Caterpillar, 2015)

Sustainability strategies Sustainable elevator energy efficiency: An elevator can account for 2–10% of a building’s total energy consumption. KONE’s regenerative drive elevator system will be installed in the building, since it is eco-friendly and highly efficient. It will convert the excess energy generated by the elevator into electricity that can be reused elsewhere in the building. With conventional drives, this energy is converted into heat, which then needs to be removed from the building by air conditioning systems. • • • • •

When combined with a KONE EcoDisc® motor, a KONE regenerative drive can cut elevator energy consumption by 20-35% on average, depending on building height and elevator speed. In certain conditions, for example when there is heavy traffic with full cars, this solution can deliver as much as a 60% reduction in energy consumption. It produces clean, safe energy. When the elevator travels up with a light load or travels down with a heavy load it generates energy. It recovers this energy and converts it into electricity for re-use in the electricity network, other elevators and escalators, or other equipment that requires power. (KONE Distributors, 2015)

Fire Safety Solutions Fire Alarm System - Fire Alarm Systems will be installed in the entire building premises to notify about fire existence through detectors or manual call points. Fire Fighting System - To protect the users and the premises from fire, Automatic & Manual systems will be used to fight the fire. Fire Suppression System - Fire Suppression Systems are a joint detection and protection systems which will be used in Server Rooms, Telephone Rooms, Archives and other valued locations. Fire Extinguishers Emergency Lighting System - Emergency Lighting Systems are batterybacked lighting devices that come ON automatically when a buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s power supply goes OFF. Emergency/Exit Units can be directed to illuminate areas needed most in an emergency such as Emergency/Exit. (Quality Fire & Safety Sys. , 2012)

Security and Communication System Large commercial structures face unique challenges in security and access control. Concept 4000 is a solution that delivers proven reliability across several tenants with flexible reporting and secure encryption. A system that can communicate with multiple building automation systems in different protocols simultaneously. And most importantly, a user-friendly solution for users and administrators alike. Only the Concept 4000 hardware and Insight software combination from Inner Range has the fire-power to deliver both aggressive pricing and a proven track record of future-proof solutions in large commercial installations. Prevent Intruders - Concept 4000 can secure and protect an entire development, day and night. As soon as an intruder enters a restricted area, Concept 4000 sounds the alarm, calls a central monitoring station (to dispatch security guards) and notifies the building manager with an SMS text message - all in a heartbeat. Access Control - Inclusive access control for any facility. Quickly create card holders and assign them to tenancies. Design and print ID cards. Multiple Tenants - Tenants can be granted control over local building automation systems including HVAC and power management.

Core Security & Encryption - Concept 4000 and Insight are built on the latest AES encryption standard, making communications nearly tamper proof. Proprietary communications technology prevents packet snooping, eavesdropping and replay attacks. CCTV and Building Integration - Concept 4000 offers flawless integration of different building systems including CCTV, DVR, HVAC, plant control, storage lockers and alarm reporting to central monitoring stations. Even services like ERP and payroll integration, time and attendance, full muster reporting, lift control and high-level database integration are a part of this system. (Intelligent Security Solutions , n.d.)

Building Plans

Lighting Controls Plan

Stage 2: Introduction and Stage 1 Summary Verdant Heights is a mixed-use development project, designed and modeled to be a part of Dubai’s skyline. The building materials, services and state of the art technologies make this project aesthetically pleasing and sustainable. In Stage 1, site analysis, different building functions, services and construction materials were finalized, including the plans. The development consists of one office building including retail outlets, two luxury hotel buildings and one podium level for recreation purposes. The total cooling and electrical loads, cold water storage requirements were approximately calculated and depending on that a passive design with daylight access was selected. Variable frequency drives (VFDs), Grey and black water treatment systems, Water-efficient landscaping and irrigation - Drip irrigation, Vacuum Drainage System, Solar Absorption Chillers, Chilled beam system, Zep Solar Peak system, Integrated Solar Façade System, Combined Heat and Power System (CHP), KONE’s regenerative drive elevator system, fire detection and security systems were chosen to be installed in this project. In Stage 2, IES VE software was used to get the exact loads, total yearly energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Building Modeling In Stage 1, BSRIA standards were used to get the cooling, electrical and lighting loads for each space. Using floor plans the building geometry was built in Google Sketchup. In Stage 2, precise results were obtained when the entire model was simulated in IES VE (fig). In IES appropriate building templates and profiles were assigned to each space, construction materials were assigned, and variation profiles were altered according to whether the spaces are used continuously, intermittently or variably. Appropriate weather file was assigned for the model and Sun Cast and Apache were run. From the IES report, indoor temperatures, relative humidity, peak room conditioning loads and internal gains were obtained. IES VE Model Modeling Results: Peak Hourly Room Cooling loads which were obtained from the software, were compared to the loads which were calculated in Stage 1 using BSRIA benchmarks for each separate space (table). The variation in the values is due to the reason that manual calculations and BSRIA standards donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t take into account the material properties, weather or location, sun path and variation profiles. The building systems like solar absorption chillers and solar panels data was entered in IES for cooling template but for stage 1 calculations none of this was taken into consideration. Since the project is located in Dubai, IES simulates the model taking into consideration that major portion of the energy consumption in this part of the world is due to cooling loads, whereas BSRIA gives general standards. Another reason for the variation in results could be due to human errors while calculating the different loads throughout each space in the building in Stage 1.

Comparison of Results BSRIA Calculations Total Yearly Energy 239,664.84 MWh consumption Total Yearly Energy 211 kWh/m2 Consumption per floor area Total carbon dioxide emissions Heating Load Cooling Load 18108.8 kW

Simulated Loads (IES VE) 10,789.1 MWh 95 kWh/m2

9,969,093 kgCO2 142.1423 kW 9073.26 kW

Detailed Study A detailed study of two spaces was undertaken to study how a room with integrated solar façade provides indoor thermal comfort in contrast to a room with no glazing at all. Both the selected spaces are conditioned by active chilled beams and are equal in area. The first room – Waiting lounge on the ground floor of the office building has an integrated solar façade (external walls only; other walls are made of concrete), whereas the second room – Staff area also on the ground floor of the office building has a concrete exterior wall. The detailed study aims to prove that a modern building with superior glazing like integrated solar façade can also provide indoor thermal comfort as well as be sustainable. The study also depicts how the two different façade materials relate to the cooling by active chilled beams. The 3D model of both the spaces was first created in Solid Edge (fig). Since the detailed study was done before the detailed calculations of diffuser placement and design, a simple approximate method for diffuser design was done and two chilled beams and one return exhaust was placed in the rooms. Dimensions of Chilled beams: 1.2m x 0.593m x 0.21m (fig 2) Area of the inlet for one chilled beam = length x breadth = (0.07 x 1.2) x 2 = 0.084 x 2 = 0.168 m2 Since there are two chilled beams in the space; total area of the inlets = 0.168 x 2 = 0.336 m 2 (Trox Technik, n.d.)

Area of one return grille = 0.573 x 0.573 = 0.328 m 2 Height of the return grille = 0.028m (Grainger, n.d.)

For the luminaires, the following calculations were done; Illuminance level of Staff room from CIBSE guide = 400 lux Area of the staff area = 35 m2 Therefore, Area x lux = 35 x 400 = 14000 LED luminaires selected for this space = 2300 lumens Thus the number of lights required for staff area = 6 lights

Illuminance level of Waiting lounge from CIBSE guide = 200 lux Area of the waiting lounge = 35 m2 Therefore, Area x lux = 35 x 200 = 7000 LED luminaires selected for this space = 2300 lumens Thus the number of lights required for waiting lounge = 3.05 Therefore, 4 lights Fagerhult Combilume Ceiling Light dimensions: 0.66m x 0.38m x 0.036m (Fagerhult , n.d.)

Solid Edge Model

The geometry was first meshed assigning the appropriate settings. The rooms were then separately simulated in Ansys Fluent. Some common properties assigned to both the rooms in Fluent: Heat Flux of lights = 12 w/m2 Density of Concrete = 2400 kg/ m3 Cp (Specific Heat) of Concrete = 880 j/kg-k Thermal Conductivity of Concrete = 0.8 w/m-k Inlet Velocity = 3 m/s Inlet Temperature = 22.5 C Outlet Temperature = 26.5 C

Simulation and Results for Waiting lounge Properties assigned specifically to waiting lounge area in Fluent: Heat Flux of Integrated Solar Faรงade (external wall) = 160 w/m 2 (approx value)

Waiting Lounge Model Converged

Density of Integrated Solar Faรงade = 1200 kg/m 3 Cp (Specific Heat) of Integrated Solar Faรงade = 900 j/kg-k Thermal Conductivity of Integrated Solar Faรงade = 0.4 w/m-k (Giovanardi A, Passera A, Zottele F, Lollini R, 2015)

The report quality for waiting lounge is shown below:

Report Quality for Waiting Lounge

The velocity contour from the inlets is as shown below for the waiting lounge. This velocity contour shows that the velocity close to the inlet is highest and as the distance increases between the inlet and the floor the velocity of supplied cool air goes on reducing and becoming uniform all over the space.

Waiting Lounge Velocity Contour

The temperature contours for the waiting lounge have been illustrated in the fig. These temperature contours explain that the temperature near the external wall of the room is quite high which is not acceptable but since the temperature in the remaining parts of the room is uniform and low, it is proved that the active chilled beams work perfectly and efficiently. The high temperature near the integrated solar faรงade does not prove that the solar faรงade is a poor material; instead, it is either due to inadequate number of chilled beams installed in the room or insufficient airflow rate/cooling capacity of the proposed chilled beams. To solve this issue, detailed and accurate calculations for the chilled beams were performed after the detailed study. Waiting Lounge Temperature Contours

Waiting Lounge Streamlines The velocity streamlines from the inlets are depicted in the following fig. The streamlines begin from the inlets and some of them exit from the outlet. The proper air distribution pattern is depicted through these streamlines.

Simulation and Results for Staff area â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Properties assigned specifically to staff area in Fluent: Heat Flux of Concrete (external wall) = 0 w/m2 The report quality for staff area is shown below (fig):

Staff Area Report Quality

The following fig. shows that the staff area model converged successfully;

Staff Area Model Converged

The velocity contour from the inlets is as shown below for the staff area (fig). This velocity contour shows that the velocity close to the inlet is highest and as the distance increases between the inlet and the floor the velocity of supplied cool air goes on reducing and becoming uniform all over the space, just like it was in the waiting lounge simulation results.

Staff Area Velocity Contour

The temperature contours for the staff area have been illustrated in the fig. These temperature contours are uniform throughout the room, unlike the waiting lounge.

Staff Area Temperature Contours

The velocity streamlines from the inlets are depicted in the following fig. The streamlines begin from the inlets and some of them exit from the outlet even in this case.

Staff Area Streamlines

After comparison of the simulation results of both spaces, it is proved that integrated solar faĂ§ade has some amount of heat gains near the exterior walls, which can be avoided by using shading devices. But due to lack of accurate data and sources regarding the heat flux of integrated solar faĂ§ade, the results shown by Ansys cannot be completely relied upon. From the detailed study it can also be concluded that the spaces with glazed areas require more number of chilled beams unlike the non-glazed spaces, and this can also be confirmed from the diffuser calculations and diffuser plans included in the HVAC section. The temperature contours for the staff area confirm that the chilled beams offer incredible cooling output for any space. The velocity contours and streamlines from the inlets show that the chilled beams have been designed appropriately, since the air velocity in the user occupied zone (i.e. 6 feet) is in the range 0.27 m/s â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1.11 which is typical, and the air is being mixed uniformly all over the space.

HVAC system An active chilled beam system provides efficient cooling in offices, retail shops, hotel, recreation areas as well as corridors and lobbies, by recirculating the air in each space. Ventilation exhausts have been provided in areas like stairs, service rooms and parking spaces. Active Chilled Beams (ACBs) were chosen for this large-scale development, since they prove to be cost effective in their installation and offer high cooling capacity for such kind of mixed-use projects. One pair of air handling unit (AHU) is placed on every floor, supplying fresh air to all the active chilled beams. Every floor of the four buildings (one office building, two hotel buildings and one podium level) is divided into two zones and one AHU is devised for one zone. Diffuser Layout: The ACB diffusers are directly placed in the space and work differently than the other conventional kinds. Articool manufactured by the company Advanced Air have been chosen for this project, since they offer higher cooling output.  Maintenance & Control: The maintenance and whole life costs are also lower since these units don’t have condensate pumps, fans, motors, moving parts, filters and consumables. They can be easily controlled using simple on/off control valves. They need inspection only once in three years and have a 20 years life span.  Specifications: These beams provide good indoor thermal comfort levels since the chosen Articool Chilled Beams have low air velocities and the supply air temperature is 14°C, which does not create a high temperature gradient. The induction nozzle sizes have been carefully selected for each space, since these are the most significant part of chilled beams which control the induction rates which should be as high as possible. The induction rate for a given airflow is a measure of the beams’ efficiency and also the overall cooling capacity. (Advanced Air , 2010)  Adaptation Potential: Their unobtrusive design gives ample space for other services and also gives the end user the flexibility of changing the activity if required in the future. (Chilled Beams and Ceilings Association , 2012)

For selecting the appropriate number and size of beams, detailed calculations were undertaken: 1. Firstly the sensible cooling loads (Qs) in kW and dehumidification (Q L) in kW, for all the spaces were gathered from IES VE results. 2. Then the total cooling load (QT) = Qs + QL in kW, was calculated. 3. Delta T = max T – min T in degree Celsius was also calculated, taking max. temp. as the room design temperature which was taken from IES results and the min. temp. as the primary air temp. of the chilled beams from the manufacturer’s data. 4. The accurate area of each space was taken from the AutoCAD plans. 5. Then the offset by secondary cooling coil (kW) was calculated, since in chilled beams 70% is sensible cooling load – 0.7 x Qs. 6. 30% latent load is also taken into account by calculating the primary air offset (kW) – Q L + (0.3 x Qs). (Titus , n.d.) 7. Then the mass flow rate, m (kg/s) is calculated using the equation Q = mC pΔT, where Q is the primary air offset value and Cp is taken as a constant for air = 1.005 kJ/kgK. 8. The mass flow rate is then converted to the volumetric flow rate, v (m 3/s) = m/1.23. 9. Finally the total room air flow rate is calculated in L/s = v x 1000. 10. Then in order to select the appropriate chilled beam for each space, the throw, T (in meters) was calculated, using the formula Y = T – X, where Y is the height from the ceiling to the occupied level and X is the distance between chilled beams. (McLaurin, 2011) 11. Using the throw and appropriate noise rating standards (eg: for offices 30-40 dB) the best chilled beam size was selected. To find out the number of beams needed the total cooling load of the room was divided by the cooling capacity of one beam. And in order to confirm that not too much fresh air supply is required the air flow rates were also compared. 12. Finally for the placement of the chilled beams, the glazing, room pattern and the activity in that particular space was considered. For example: the rooms which have glazing like offices have chilled beams positioned perpendicular to the façade, whereas the hotel rooms have chilled beams positioned parallel to the façade, but at a distance which according to standards will not cause any condensation or draught issues. ACBs when placed perpendicular to superior glazing, discharge air which creates a more stable and comfortable thermal environment. (Alexander, 2008)

ACB Throw

The fourth floor of all the four buildings was chosen as a sample to illustrate the building services systems (lighting, HVAC, fire detection etc.) in Verdant Heights. The fourth floor was chosen since it includes diverse spaces like offices, hotel rooms, and recreation spaces. An example of ACB selection is given below; For Office 5, located on the 4th floor of building 1; Area = 54 m2 Qs from IES = 5.1087 kW, QL from IES = 0.6945 kW (Since the sensible cooling loads are large for this project, chilled beams are perfect solution for good energy performance and acoustics) Therefore QT = Qs + QL = 5.8032 kW ΔT = room design temp from IES – primary air temp of chilled beam = 22.5 – 14 = 8.5 °C The temperature difference of room design and supply for other diffusers should be maximum 6 degrees for efficient energy consumption but chilled beams work perfectly for a maximum temperature difference of 10 degrees also. Offset by secondary cooling coil = 70% of Qs = 0.7 x 5.1087 = 3.57609 kW Primary air offset = 30% sensible = QL + (0.3 x Qs) = 0.6945 + (0.3 x 5.1087) = 2.22711 kW Mass flow rate, m = 0.260709394 kg/s Volumetric flow rate, v = m/1.23 = 0.260709394/1.23 = 0.211958857 m 3/s Total room air flow rate = v x 1000 = 0.2119588 x 1000 = 211.9588 L/s

Total ceiling height = 3.5 m Y = 3.5 – 0.5 m (because in office while working at desk level the height is 0.5 m, where a maximum air velocity of 0.25 m/s should be achieved) Therefore Y = 3m To find X; 6 – 0.596 – 0.596 = 4.212 m 4.212/6X X = 0.702 m Thus T = Y + X = 3 + 0.702 = 3.702 m Therefore the throw of each beam used in office should be 3.702m Now from the manufacturer’s data, The highlighted model was selected for nominal throw, noise rating, and air flow rate. To find the number of beams required = QT / Total cooling capacity of the selected beam = 5.8032 kW / 0.727 kW = 7.98 beams Thus, 9 beams for uniform design pattern Since this office space does not have any glazing the beams have been positioned parallel to the façade.

For hotel bedrooms, offices and podium level spaces like gym, two-way beams have been selected whereas for bathrooms oneway beams have been selected. The number of chilled beams proposed for each space differs due to the area of the individual spaces, glazing pattern and function of that particular space. The noise levels, wherever possible have been maintained as per the CIBSE standards, since occupant comfort is one of the major concerns in such a project. And as far as the mounting height of chilled beams is concerned, it has been carefully designed using the throw for each space. The throw was calculated to maintain a high level of indoor thermal comfort for the occupants. In accordance with the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, the occupied zone height of stationary space occupants was taken as 1m if seated (i.e. mostly in the office space throw calculation) and 1.822m if standing (i.e. in the corridor throw calculations).

Return Grilles Return grilles have been positioned in all the spaces that are supplied with ACBs. These return grilles let the warm stale air out of the room and directly into the ceiling void. To get the size of the return grilles some calculations were carried out (complete calculations in Appendix table 2): The total volume of air supplied by one ACB is multiplied by the total number of chilled beams present in a particular space to get the total fresh air supply in the room. This value is then divided by the air flow rate of the selected return diffuser to get the total number of return grilles required. The return grille is chosen keeping in mind the pressure loss which does not exceed more than -10 mm H2O in comparison to the supply. As an example; In office 5 of building 1 Total volume of air supplied by one ACB = 0.07 m 3/s Total number of ACBs present in the room = 9 Total fresh air supply into the room through ACBs = 0.07 x 9 = 0.63 m3/s Selected Return Grille (fig):

Therefore total number of return grilles required = 0.63 / 0.09 m3/s = 7 return grilles (Air Master, 1993)

Return Grille Manufacturerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Data

Ductwork sizing: The supply ductwork layout was proposed for the fourth-floor plan of all the four buildings, by taking into account the air flow rates of the chilled beams in each individual space (Appendix table 3). No return ducting is needed for chilled beams. Only return grilles have been provided in each space which will take the stale air back into the suspended ceiling zone. The air flow rate of each chilled beam was used to find the square duct size for each beam. From that the area of the duct was calculated. The height between two floors is 500mm for the provision of service ducts, so for supply air ducts from the AHU to the chilled beams, the height has been maintained to be 250mm, and the remaining 250mm is for other pipework. The area of the square duct was then divided by this height to get the width of the supply air duct. As an example; in office 5 of building 1 The chilled beams installed have an air flow rate of 70L/s. This flow rate was then pointed out on the duct sizing chart. The maximum duct velocity at the outlets was assumed to be 2.5 m/s. The point where the air flow rate and velocity intersected on the duct sizing chart was selected as the diameter of duct from one chilled beam of that room, i.e. 167.33 mm. Then the area was calculated = 167.33 x 167.33 = 28000 mm 2 To get the breadth of the duct = Area / Height = 28000/250 = 112mm = 0.112m The pressure drops through the ducts was also found using the duct sizing chart (Appendix fig 21). The range of pressure drops for each section of the ductwork is between 0.3 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 0.75 Pa/m. The ducts from each chilled beam are then joined at one single point entering the room. These sub-branches from each room then connect and form the main duct which reaches the AHU. As shown in the example, the ducts were designed for each space and so the width of the ducts kept on adding and getting bigger from the farthest room till the AHU. The ducts are increasing and decreasing in the diameter, due to the air flow requirements which continuously keep changing.

Example – Size of AHU 1 in Building 1 Room Name

total air (l/s)

Final No. of diffusers

duty (m3/s)

m3/h

6 12 12 6 12 14 14 10 11

1.344 0.84 0.84 0.324 1.32 1.428 1.428 1.33 1.76

4838.4 3024 3024 1166.4 4752 5140.8 5140.8 4788 6336

10.614

38210.4

AHU Sizing: There are two Air Handling Units placed on each floor of the four buildings. This was done in order to provide flexibility in future and if one section of the total floor area faces mechanical failure, the other half is not affected. To size the AHUs, the air flow rate of one chilled beam was multiplied by the total number of chilled beams installed in that space. Then the flow rates of the spaces which are conditioned by each AHU were summed together to get the total air flow volume (complete data in Appendix table 4). For example; in building 1, to get the size of AHU 1

AHU 1 corridor left bldg 1 Office 1 Office 2 Female restroom bldg 1 Office 9 Office 10 Office 11 Office 12 corridor center bldg 1 (half) Total

224 70 70 54 110 102 102 133 160

Then from Hidria Manufacturer’s catalogue, appropriate AHU was selected; CompAir CF – This AHU model consists of a highly efficient counterflow heat exchanger, an inlet and outlet fans, F7 filters on the inlet side and G4 filter on the outlet side. The basic model which is called monoblock has been selected for this building, since it’s a compact unit. CompAir AHU can function as a water heater, water cooler, DX cooler, electrical heater, preheater, and heater and cooler. (Hidria, n.d.) Selected AHU

Electrical system Lighting Selection and Layout: Lumen method was used for calculating the accurate number of luminaires (N) required for each space. The steps followed are mentioned below: •First the area (Af) for every space was obtained from the AutoCAD plans. •The Room Index for each space was calculated. Room Index = Length x WidthLength+Widthx hm Where hm is the mounting height of the luminaire •Then the standard luminance levels, Eav (lux) are taken from the CIBSE guide, for each space. •Then the utilization factor (UF) was found from the tabulated values, taking into account the calculated room index values and the typical reflectance values of an air-conditioned space (C = 0.7, W = 0.5, F = 0.2). •Since LED lights will be installed in all the four buildings, a higher maintenance factor (MF) of 0.9 has been chosen. •The luminous flux output of each luminaire (lumens) has been selected from the manufacturer’s data, according to the functional requirements of each space. •For the types of LEDs chosen for this project, number of tubes per luminaire (n) = 1. All these values were then put into the following formula to get the exact number of luminaires;

E av 

n  N  F  UF  MF Af

For example, the lighting design in office 5 is explained here; Af = 54 m2 hm = 3.5 m Room Index = 1.028571429 Eav for general office = 300 – 500 (but for this space we have taken it as 400) UF = 0.29 (fig) MF = 0.9

Utilization Factor Chart

For offices, gym, recreation areas and indoor sports area, storerooms, service rooms and washrooms, recessed edge lit LED luminaires (with dimming and emergency lighting) with a slim 19mm profile, manufactured by Thorn Lighting, will be installed. Specifications: Includes digital dimming SwitchDim + DSI + DALI - Local battery luminaire and manual testing (3 hours). Class I electrical, IP40 from below, IP20 from above, IK03. The body is made up of white steel sheet (RAL9016). The diffuser is UV-stabilised and has Glare ProTech prismatic optic. The electrical connections are via push wire terminal blocks, loop in/loop out is also possible. The module is complete with 4000K LED. (Thorn , n.d.) Size: 597 x 597 x 12 mm Total power: 41W Luminaire luminous flux: 4100 lm Luminaire efficacy: 100lm/W Weight: 7.26 kg Total emergency luminous flux: 430 lm Glare rating (UGR) < 19 Standby Power: 0.5 W Charging power: 5 W Maintenance category: D - Enclosed IP2X

Therefore lumens (F) of the chosen light = 4100 lumens Now Number of luminaires required = 20.815 The final number of luminaires which were installed is 22, as a matter of uniformity and aesthetics.

Similarly the lighting design for each space has been calculated and shown on the fourth-floor floor plan.

For office building corridor and building 4 corridor, ceiling recessed edge lit LED luminaires (with dimming and emergency lighting) with a slim 19mm profile, manufactured by the company Thorn Lighting, will be installed. The luminaire has electronic, DALI dimmable control gear with 3-hour self/addressable test time for LED emergency lighting circuit. Class I electrical, IP40 from below, IP20 from above, IK03. The body is made up of white steel sheet (RAL9016). Diffuser is UVstabilised with Glare ProTech prismatic optic. Electrical connection is via push wire terminal blocks and loop in/loop out is possible. The module is complete with 4000K LED. Size: 1197 x 597 x 19 mm Total power: 53 W Luminaire luminous flux: 6150 lm Luminaire efficacy: 116 lm/W Weight: 13 kg Total emergency luminous flux: 370 lm Glare rating (UGR) < 13 Charging power: 4 W Dimming: DALI2 Maintenance category: D - Enclosed IP2X

For hotel rooms and hotel building corridors, LED Lumination RC Series downlights, manufactured by GE Lighting, have been installed. These RC series luminaires offer excellent efficiency across all luminaire types for maximum energy savings and quick paybacks. These modules are aesthetically pleasing and have no glare. They have a 50,000-hour life which practically means no maintenance costs. (GE Lighting , 2016) Luminaire type for hotel corridors (fig): Includes standard dimming controls: 0-10V or Phase Control Dimming upto 10% The luminaires are secured perfectly in the ceiling

Luminaires for Hotel Rooms

Weight: 4 lb Fixture lumens: 4160 lumens Input Power: 54 W

Luminaire type for hotel rooms (fig):

System Efficacy: 77lm/W

Includes standard dimming controls: 0-10V or Phase Control Dimming upto 10% The luminaires are secured perfectly in the ceiling Weight: 4 lb Fixture lumens: 3120 lumens Input Power: 37 W Luminaires for Hotel Corridors

System Efficacy: 84lm/W

Lighting Controls and Small Power: There are different controls designed for different functions, in order to reduce the energy consumption and ease of use. The controls and the luminaires each of them controls are shown on the fourth-floor plan layout for all the four buildings;   



2-way switches have been fixed in the service rooms where only two luminaires are installed. These switches are manual and can be switched on only when needed. 4-way switches have been installed in the spaces where one switch controls 4 luminaires at a time. These have mostly been fixed in the AHU rooms and some parts of the offices that are far off from the glazing and require manual control. W/Manual – ON/Automatic – OFF switches, with occupant motion sensor – 30 minutes – no manual override, have been installed in spaces like corridors, stairs, hotel rooms, prayer rooms. The reason behind this is that these areas need flexibility and user comfort. These controls are manual as well as automatic sensors when a user is present. Dimmer Switch with Dimming Control Switches have been installed to control the luminaires which are closest to glazing. This strategy makes use of natural daylight to save electrical energy consumption and as and when the sunlight levels reduce the luminaires are switched on offering good illumination. (Advanced Lighting Guidelines , n.d.) Master Switches for low voltage system have been installed in office spaces and recreation and gym area. These switches are manual but just one switch does not control all the luminaires, instead two-three different switches control a fraction of luminaires, in order to reduce energy and in turn the carbon footprint of the building.

Enough power sockets have been provided in the offices, to plug in various electronic gadgets. Some of these have been laid in the walls and some have also been designed in the flooring. Hotel rooms also have appropriate power sockets placed in the walls.

Cold Water Storage Tanks Sizing There will be three cold water storage tanks installed to supply the entire project; one tank for the office building, second tank serving hotel building 2 and the third tank for the hotel building 3 and podium level building. The sizing estimates were made for the calculations done in Stage 1.

Area Office Building

Hotel Building 2 + Restaurants Hotel Building 3 + Podium level

Requirements Capacity of tank 69322 ltrs 71500 ltrs + can accommodate 2178 litres more in case of excess demand 46041.6 48000 ltrs + can accommodate 1958.4 litres more in case of excess demand 37264 38500 ltrs + can accommodate 1236 litres more in case of excess demand

Dimensions 6.5 x 5.5 x 2 m

Fire Strategy Plan In case of a fire, the usual fire fighting systems have been installed in all parts of the building; fire extinguishers in all the accessible places, smoke detectors and water sprinklers in all the spaces and a fire alarm and pa system. Apart from this a few design strategies will also be adopted during the construction phase: 

6x4x2m

5.5 x 3.5 x 2 m

   

All the internal walls of general spaces (like office walls, hotel rooms) will be one-hour fire rated walls – shown on the plan in blue color All the walls of service rooms and exit routes (like corridors, lifts, stairs) will be two-hour fire rated walls – shown on the plan in red color The exit stairway and level of discharges have been shown in dark green color The exit corridors have been highlighted in light green color. The maximum travel distance from any part on the floor to the fire exit is less than 45m.

Task Name

Duration (days)

Start

Finish

Construction Plan The schedule of works has been shown below, from the initial set up stage to the final handover stage. In approximately 3 years of time the project will be completed and operational.

General & External Services Site Set up External Water Service

5 04/03/16 15 04/09/16

04/07/16 04/28/16

Basement Ventilation Plumbing

10 04/30/16 10 05/14/16

05/12/16 05/26/16

Ground Floor Ductwork AC Installation Plumbing Sanitary ware Installation Controls Wiring

10 10 10 5 10

05/28/16 06/11/16 06/25/16 08/06/16 09/03/16

06/09/16 06/23/16 07/07/16 08/11/16 09/15/16

912 09/17/16

03/16/20

10 07/06/19

07/18/19

15 07/21/19 2 08/10/19

08/08/19 08/12/19

15 08/13/19

09/02/19

20 09/03/19

09/30/19

Other floors

Roof Installation Solar panels installation

External Plant Plumbing Installation of cold water storage tank Controls Wiring

Completion of works Commissioning

Appendix IES VE Results for the Full Building:

Energy Consumption for only 4th Floor â&#x20AC;&#x201C; for detail plans and calculations (the fourth floor was only chosen since itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a diverse floor plan with offices, hotel rooms as well as recreation area)

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