Legendary Lake Mills by Kyle James Mills

THE

Legendary

CITY OF

Lake Mills

CO MMU N I T Y V I S I O N I N G + RO CK CRE E K P A RK P L A N

Acknowledgements PERSONS:

Eli Wedel Eli Wedel Photo & Design Rotary Club Contact Main Street Program Contact Patricia Cicero Jefferson County Land & Water Conservation Sally Mills Sustainability Consultant Triple Green Solutions, LLC. Shawn Kelly, FASLA Advisor Friend Eric Schuchardt Course Instructor Gerold Kokkonen GIS/Land Use Specialist Jefferson County, Land & Water Conservation Citizens of Lake Mills Steve Wilke City Manager

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

ORGANIZATIONS: Lake Mills City Council Wisconsin Historical Society Jefferson County Land & Water Conservation University of Wisconsin Landscape Architecture Department Faculty Lake Mills Main Street Program WI Department of Natural Resources

legendary lake Mills:

Community Vision + Rock Creek park Plan AUTHOR: KYLE JAMES MILLS SENIOR CAPSTONE PROPOSAL Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Landscape Architecture Department of Landscape Architecture College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Wisconsin - Madison May 2014

ABSTRACT

Approved by: Shawn T. Kelly, PLA, FASLA & Eric J Schuchardt, Associate ASLA Capstone Coordinator

When a confluence of public sector, private sector, and residents coalesce, people discover if they collaborate they can preserve the things they love most about an area while maximizing mutual growth. Lake Mills has a unique opportunity to return a parcel to its historical past, while providing new economic opportunity in the community civic center. This project tackles the sources of human well-being derived from the landscape, applies context sensitive solutions to revitalize the downtown district, and increases landscape legibility for citizens and visitors alike through Landscape Architecture. The site could be a shinning achievement in sustainability and anchor investment in the communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future.

BIO + ETHICS Kyle draws his interest in Landscape Architecture from his history in Opera and Theatre, translating the principles and nature of music onto the ephemeral landscape. His expressionist style focuses on the dynamic landscape and respects the energy inherent in all things. He believes the direct experience of transcendent mystery and wonder imbued in the rhythms of nature can move everyone towards a renewal of spirit. Landscape Architecture connects everyone to the forces which create and uphold life and aids in the safe search for truth and meaning. A champion of the democratic process, he believes that all people need a voice and can learn together through a collaborative design process to build a fair and peaceful world. He upholds the reason and results of science while encouraging spiritual growth through interaction with nature. Kyle believes that localized, pragmatic incrementalism is the key to enacting successful change.

Figure 1.00 - Kyle James Mills, portrait

Kyle James Mills Department of Landscape Architecture Fall 2013

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

CONTENTS BIO + ETHICS

INTRODUCTION

STAKEHOLDERS, GOALS

PROJECT WORKFLOW

PROJECT RESEARCH

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

REGIONAL INVENTORY + ANALYSIS

COMMUNITY INVENTORY + ANALYSIS

DISTRICT INVENTORY + ANALYSIS

SITE INVENTORY & ANALYSIS

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

PROGRAM + EVALUATION CRITERIA

REFLECTION

CONSTRUCTION DETAIL

CALCULATIONS

PLANT SPECIFICATIONS

PRESS RELEASE

APPENDIX + REFERENCES

WORKFLOW DIAGRAM SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

DEVELOP DEFINE RESEARCH Analyze STRATEGIZE DESIGN

FALL The first semester develops the site from regional to site scales. Gaining an understanding of location conditions and client expectations was a critical component. Literature reviews, precedent studies, programmatic development, inventory, and analysis were conducted to address issues facing the community.

SPRING The second semester executes the design ideas generated during the first semester. This process leads to the planting, grading, drainage, details, and design schemes which are presented to the public in May.

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

January

FEBRUARY

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

IMPLEMENT EVALUATE Figure 2.0 - Workflow Diagram

Workflow Diagram

RESEARCH NATURE AND PUBLIC HEALTH COMMUNITY DESIGN LANDSCAPE LEGIBILITY

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

NATURE + PUBLIC HEALTH SOCIETY AND HEALTH

In today’s society, “urban living characterized by crowding, traffic, overload of information, excessive stimulation, and lack of peace and quiet, is considered very stressful. Feelings of stress, anxiety, and worry have been shown to have negative impacts on both physical and psychological wellbeing of humans” (Han, 210). The “physical and psychological ailments caused by the hassles and distress of everyday life, no matter how trivial or dramatic, influence all members of society” (Han, 210). “Modern society is increasingly aware that humans and culture are components of the natural environment, and that human health is inextricably linked with environmental condition” (Jackson, 191).

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

So few people in the United States engage in regular exercise “that our sedentary lifestyles and related health problems are now characterized as epidemic, in both the popular media and academic literature” (Krenichyn, 632). “Regular physical activity has been shown to improve both physical and mental health” (Stigsdotter et al., 295). People may be discouraged from outside activities, or even going outdoors at all due to “lack of access to quality natural environments… which can contribute to seasonal affective disorder (SAD), limit production of vitamin D through lack of sunlight, disrupt circadian rhythms and lead to insomnia” (Thompson, 194).

THE POWER OF NATURE

From a biopsychosocial perspective on health, restoration is defined as “the process of recovering physiological, psychological, and social resources that have become diminished in the efforts to meet the demands of everyday life” (Thompson, 193). Instorative effects involve “deepening or strengthening the capabilities for meeting everyday demands” (Thompson, 193), offering resilience against the negative effects of daily life. “Directed attention used in coping with complex patterns of daily life, including work, is a highly limited resource [and people] recover best in environments where this system can rest” (Thompson, 193) and they can use an alternate type of attention – involuntary attention or fascination - which “the natural environment is particularly well-suited to supporting” (Thompson, 193). “The struggle to pay attention in cluttered and confusing environments turns out to be central to what is experienced as mental fatigue” (Thompson, 192). People suffering from mental fatigue “performed better on tasks afterward” (Thompson,193) confirming prior suspicions about the 18th century ideas about the landscape providing mental curiosity and 19th century beliefs about “access to parks [improving] the productivity of workers” (Thompson, 193). “Views of nature can have emotional, physiological, and behavioral effects in stress reduction…[and can be] experienced very rapidly” (Thompson, 193): certain types of

Research

natural settings evoke positive affect and hold “attention, displacing or restricting negative thoughts and allowing autonomic arousal heightened by stress to sink to a more moderate level…[lowering] blood pressure, heart rate, and muscle tension” (Thompson, 193). An enduring connection with nature amplifies the instorative effects of natural environments, for “accumulating many short episodes, the view from a window can provide long-term contact with the natural environment” (van de Berg et al., 1205). These buffering effects offer improved resilience and decrease vulnerability against stress.

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Transportation and infrastructure is “the largest end-use consumer of energy…[affecting] human health directly through air pollution…and indirectly through physical activity behavior” (Younger et al., 517). Reducing time in automobiles “reduces exposure to busy traffic and “road rage” and decreases the likelihood of obesity, while simultaneously reducing GHG emissions” (Younger et al., 518). Less dense developments outside of city centers “contribute to increased automobile dependence and decreased ability to [utilize multi-modal forms of transit]” (Younger et al., 520) and “has the equivalent effect on [individual] health as aging four years” (Gies, 11). Buildings “influence transportation and affect health through the materials utilized, decisions about sites, electricity and water usage, and landscape surroundings” (Younger et al., 517). With a lifespan of 70-75 years, “one fourth of existing commercial space

10 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

was constructed prior to 1960… [and] similarly, one fourth of existing residential housing in 2003 has been built before 1949” (Younger et al., 520) long before contemporary concerns about energy efficiency and design principles coalesced. However, it is possible to “design an environment that contributes to a positive condition of health and wellbeing. Urban green spaces offer considerable co-benefits to human health “reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels through direct sequestration and accumulation of carbon by trees and shrubs” (Younger et al., 522) and access to them “decreases aggression and violence, improves mental fatigue, and increases social capital and community building” (Younger et al., 522) . Addressing the underlying causes of stress-related illnesses should be an essential component of the landscape architect and city planners’ work. The soft rhythmic movements of vegetation in a breeze, the kaleidoscopic of light and shade created by shifting clouds, or the sparkling ripples of light twinkling off the water are examples of Heraclitean motion. These patterns are associated with calm tranquility, safety, and foster feelings of a calm and stable mental state. Incorporating these types of motion in light and space design imbues restorative effects in place. Encouraging learning and exploration by incorporating inhibiting immediate interpretation and allowing discovery through sensory exploration. Care should be taken to avoid too great a level of complexity so as not to overwhelm or discourage interaction. By simulating the layered complexity of ecosystems, the sensory system will become engaged to learn and explore a place encouraging the cognitive function through visual fascination and mystery.

COMMUNITY DESIGN NEW URBANISM

New Urbanism has emerged over the last 30 years in response to the placeless, sprawling style of modern development perpetuated since the post-WWII decades. The difference between sprawl and New Urbanism lies in its principles:

1. Neighborhood Scale 2. Walkability 3. Connectivity 4. Human Scale Detail 5. Multi-Modal Transportation 6. Alternative Routes 7. Celebrate Civic Experience

Places should be walkable, fine-grained, human-scale, and mixed-use to the greatest degree possible while remaining beautiful and supporting spiritual satisfaction. Not just for cars, the street must also be for pedestrians, bicyclists, and public transit users. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s character is considered more important that the traffic capacity of the corridor. Without focusing on these principles, development can easily revert back to a sprawling, less profitable character. Public participation from the community enhances the sense of ownership. More than 50% of households contain people with talents as artists, storytellers, painters, performers, etc. Most are willing to contribute their arts, culture, and resources to the community, but are hardly ever asked.

WALKABILITY DESIGN PRINCIPLES Orientation and Place

Connectivity

Authentic Experience

Encourage Active Transport

HEIGHT AND SETBACK Human Scaled Fits in Context VISIBLE DESTINATION Increases Legibility Decreases Travel by Car IMPROVE CONNECTIVITY Reduce Traffic Load ROADS AND INTERSECTIONS Minimize User Conflicts Reduce Pedestrian Crossings Reduce Crossing Distance PUBLIC SPACES Public Living Room Green Space + Recreation A Place to Sit CENTERS FOR ACTIVITY Encourages Social Interaction Chance Encounters Opportunity to Observe Others QUALITY LINKS Transit Station Volume of Parking Bike Storage Legible Nodes TRAFFIC BUFFER ZONES Increases Safety + Comfort

Figure 3.0 - Walkability Design Principles Research 11

LEGIBLE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

READING THE CODE

BEHAVIOR + KNOWLEDGE + HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS The interdependence between people and places have foundation in how individuals and groups acquire knowledge of their environments and how this knowledge shapes their attitudes and perceptions. People both ascribe and derive meanings from the places they experience in many ways. Landscapes elicit a unique sense of place that varies per person, particularly between people who live somewhere and those who only visit. A majority of people identify with places as part of their personal identity, recalling images or histories of places to provide a sense of distinctness to their individuality and community. By identifying differences, people reinforce their sense of self and sense of place from those with extreme differences. The desire to belong somewhere is a natural human attribute characterized by a persistent attachment of individuals or people to a specific location, or territory. The concept of territory governs activities such as social interaction, access to people and resources, and inclusion in a group by way of symbol or focus. It is existentially imperative for people to reconcile themselves with their environment, driven by a need to find spiritual or psychic unity with the world. Cognitive images are generated by experiencing, or learning, an environment. Once the information is received by the brain, it is filtered through the personality of the individual, and then ordered within the context of that individuals culture. Once this image has been compiled, it can strongly influence behavior in space.

12 KYLE JAMES MILLS

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REAL WORLD

INFORMATION

SENSES + MESSAGES

PERCEPTION

BRAIN + PERSONALITY

COGNITION

CULTURE + REFLECTION

COGNITIVE IMAGE

Figure 3.01 - Process of Cognition Diagram

VERNACULAR LANDSCAPE

LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGY Landscapes are the result of intentional and unintentional human action, and are a complex reflection of the society at large. Landscapes are typified into the following categories: Vernacular landscapes represent the ones created by people in the course of their daily lives (See Figure 3.02). Semiotic spaces represent specific values and aspirations coded with individual meaning and conveyed to thy public through symbology (See Figure 3.03). Recently, a metaphor for “Reading the Landscape” has arisen, which asserts that landscapes have more than one author, and different readers derive separate and/or shared meanings from what is written. The landscape, like language, is written in code which must be understood to understand the significance of the code. The code can convey many things, from power to playfulness, can uplift one group above another, or encourage imagination, devotion, or spiritual awe. As we shift from modern to post-modern development styles, all individuals and groups struggle to the impacts. Communities with strong identities and sense of place have had their meanings disrupted by the intrusion of global culture and commerce bringing new experiences into their landscapes. The landscape is an archive for society: a living, complex system undergoing dynamic change and evolving through time.

Figure 3.02 - “Wisconsin Landscape” by Amy Beth

SEMIOTIC LANDSCAPE

Figure 3.03 - “Rubble 9/11”

Figure 3.04 - “Textscape” by Robert Bowens Research 13

INTRODUCTION

Figure 4.0 - Main St. in Lake Mills, 1908

To fulfill the requirements of the Senior Capstone Program in the Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of Wisconsin-Madison I will investigate how ideas of Public Health and Safety may inform the design of the Lake Mills Historic Downtown District. This investigation will be given context and focus by the concerns and goals of the government and citizens of Lake Mills, which include execution of advanced stormwater management practices and urban revitalization theories. The site of the historic mill structure from which the city gained its namesake will be the site of this study; however, the downtown historic district and community of Lake Mills will be included in the scope of this project. 14 KYLE JAMES MILLS

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CITY OF LAKE MILLS MISSION STATEMENT “In 2030, the City of Lake Mills will be a multi-faceted City where residents live comfortably in close proximity to lively business centers, thriving industries, and unspoiled natural areas and waterways. The City will retain its historic connection to the area’s natural surroundings through a network of parks, trails, protected natural areas, and surrounding agricultural and open space lands. New development will be planned so as not to diminish the quality of the City’s air, water, and land resources. The City’s downtown will continue to be the civic and commercial heart of the city while newer business centers will serve other neighborhood and community needs. Residents of all ages will live in attractive neighborhoods with safe, convenient access to the City’s quality schools, parks, waterways, shopping, and employment centers.” (Comprehensive Plan, 2009) Initially, the site became a focus of the study because of a road base failure under a main arterial through the city (HWY-89). The failure was a result of erosion cause by 50,000 gallons/minute drained from the Mill Pond reservoir through a culvert under the road and into Rock Creek. Emergency construction to repair the road took place, and the original spillway from the Grist Mills built in 1899 was removed to accelerate the road repair, limiting the damaging effects on the economy caused by temporary closure of HWY-89. Once the spillway was filled in, the hydraulic shadow of the earthen dam structure retaining Mill Pond expanded to include the roadway and several historical properties adjacent, causing risk to the health and safety of the residents of those structures and threatening much of downtown with potential flooding in case of dam failure. It was revealed that re-opening the spillway would reduce the size of the dam’s hydraulic shadow, remove the historic buildings from threat, and restore an important historical feature that embodies the foundation of the community’s history. The design of this new public open space and dam structure is the focus of this project, paired with community scale recommendations to increase the vitality of the downtown commercial core through infill development and alternative transportation connections. Restoring this vital piece of Lake Mills’ heritage will aid in revitalizing this historic community’s business core, increase tourism, citizen well-being, and sense of place while boosting economic opportunity in the commercial core.

STAKEHOLDERS Citizens of Lake Mills Local City Government Main Street Program Joint Rock Creek Committee Lake Mills American Legion Post 67 Wisconsin DNR

GOALS Retain a Historic Connection Multi-faceted City Downtown: Civic and Commercial Heart Preserve the Quality of Resources Attractive Neighborhoods Safe & Convenient Access

Clients + Goals 15

HISTORY

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 4.0 - Lake Mills Grist Mill

EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT

A millwright by profession, Capt. Joseph Keyes knew much of the power and timber requirements and pointed his family towards Lake Mills, where â&#x20AC;&#x153;there must be water powers and timberâ&#x20AC;? according to his old-fashioned atlas [Keyes, Elisha W., A Reminiscent History of the Village and Town of Lake Mills, Jefferson County, p.3]. He erected two mills; one lumber and one grist. These provided the basic industrial inputs for the community. For years, the mills produced the lumber used all around the new territory, including producing the lumber which was used to construct the original Wisconsin Capitol Building (Wilson, 1983). The mills were so profitable and crucial to the foundations of the society that the entire town took them for their namesake: Lake Mills. 1878 GRIST MILL

1879 LAKE MILLS AERIAL

Figure 4.02 - Grist Mill Historical Photos and Artifacts

1934 GRIST MILL

CAPTAIN JOSEPH KEYES FOUNDER + MILL WRIGHT

Figure 4.01 - Capt. Joseph Keyes GRIST MILL STONE

Historical Background

WHY LEGENDARY? NATIVE INDIAN ESTABLISHMENT

Figure 4.03 - Map of Ancient Aztalan

The Ancient Ruins of Aztalan were settled by a group of Native Americans who belonged to the Mississippian mound culture and built many mounds, stockades, which flourished from 900 AD to 1200 AD. Evidence shows a community of 500 residents and included fortified walls and many burial mounds. It was one of the largest settlements in the continental United States at its peak. KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

CHIEF BLACK HAWK

LEGEND HAS IT...

Figure 4.04 - Chief Black Hawk

In 1066, after a long and terrible drought, Native Indians built sacrificial pyramids to appeal to their gods at the bottom of Rock Lake. Great waters soon covered the pyramids and the Native Indians called the great lake “Tyranena” which translates to “sparkling waters”.

During the Black Hawk War of 1832, skirmishes between U.S. forces and Sauk Indians came to an end just north of Lake Mills in Waterloo. Black Hawk and Atkins forces followed a trail just east of Rock Lake, which is the current Main Street (Wilson, 1983). Soon after the fighting concluded, caravans of settlers arrived from New England to settle Wisconsin. Fur traders had been coming for years to trade with Indians in the area, but Timothy Johnson was the first to establish a homestead in the Jefferson area. The Keyes family was the first effective settlement in Lake Mills, and they would continue to guide the city towards its future prosperity.

Figure 4.05 - Rock Lake Historical Background

REGIONAL

INVENTORY + ANALYSIS

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 5.0 - Wisconsin Drumlins

Section Title 21

GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT

Figure 5.01- The Pleistocene Glaciers of Wisconsin

CHARACTER: ROLLING DRUMLIN AGE: 10,000 YEARS VEGETATION: OAK SAVANNAH PRAIRIE WETLANDS SOILS: DARK ALLUVIAL, SANDY CLAY WATER: DRIFT DEPOSITS SUBTERRANEAN SPRINGS

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Glaciers once encompassed the region, holding the land in its frosty grasp. Many centuries passed, and eventually European explorers and adventurers found their way to Wisconsin. In this era of individualism, the energy and courage of a single generation between 1836 and 1861 established the town of Lake Mills. The area that is Lake Mills is currently approximately 33 square miles. In the considered time period, the mean temperature for the year was 45 degrees Fahrenheit with an average rainfall of 32 inches and an elevation of 840 feet above sea level (Google, Inc.). Water features are sourced from two systems: drift deposits, and subterranean springs. Upon the sandstone Potsdam lays a varying layer of Lower Magnesian Limestone. This was an important resource for the community of Lake Mills, providing the cream colored limestone used in the manufacture of bricks found in many buildings there. Soil in the region is characterized as a dark, alluvial soil mixed with sand and clay. The vegetative patterns are comprised of oak openings, a few prairies, and large marshes that lend their nature to the soils. Species found in the area consist of Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Quercus Rubra, Larix laricina, Acer saccharum, and Acer saccharinum. The dense forest cover consisted mostly of the Aceraceae family providing the primary source for timber harvest by the early settlers. (Wilson, 1983)

ROCK RIVER WATERSHED AREA: 3,777 SQ. MILES MISSISSIPPI RIVER SINK: GULF OF MEXICO

19% OF BASIN LAND USE IS FOR 62% AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES

OF WI FARMLAND IS LOCATED IN THE ROCK RIVER BASIN

LAKE MILLS

PHOSPHOROUS POLLUTION

67% Agriculture 26.7% Municipal 92% Agriculture 2.5% Municipal

SEDIMENT POLLUTION

IMPACTS

LOW OXYGEN LEVELS DEGRADED HABITAT EXCESSIVE TURBIDITY

Figure 5.02 - Rock River Watershed Trends

Regional : Inventory + Analysis 23

REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHICS Jefferson County has been growing faster than surrounding areas of Wisconsin by 0.3%. It has on average 50 more people per square mile than the rest of the state, and most people travel more than 23 minutes to work. Growth is expected to continue and will apply increasing pressure on municipalities and natural resources to provide for the increased demand from new residents.

POPULATION % CHANGE

Net Migration Patterns for Wisconsin Counties 1950 1950 - 2010- 2010 Net Migration Patterns for Wisconsin Counties

Figure 5.03- Net Migration Trends in Wisconsin

Paul Voss,Paul andVoss, Katherine Curtis. Age-Specific Net Migration EstimatesEstimates for US Counties, eaudoin, and Katherine Curtis. Age-Specific Net Migration for US Counties, nsinMadison, Madison, 2013. http://www.netmigration.wisc.edu/ of Wisconsin2013. http://www.netmigration.wisc.edu/

1950s 1950s

Net Migrants per 100per Individuals Net Migrants 100 Individuals

RACE - WHITE ALONE

NET MIGRANTS PER 100 INDIVIDUALS

Winkler, Richelle, Johnson, Cheng, JimCheng, Beaudoin, Voss, and Age-Specific Net Migration US Counties, Winkler,Ken Richelle, KenCheng Johnson, Cheng Jim Paul Beaudoin, Paul Katherine Voss, and Curtis. Katherine Curtis. Age-Specific Net Estimates Migration for Estimates for US Counties, 1950-2010. Applied Population Laboratory,Laboratory, University of WisconsinMadison, 2013. http://www.netmigration.wisc.edu/ 1950-2010. Applied Population University of WisconsinMadison, 2013. http://www.netmigration.wisc.edu/

Wisconsin Counties 19501950 - 2010 for Wisconsin Counties - 2010

ies, US Counties,

FACTS

-5.0 or fewer

-4.9 - 0.0 -5.0 or fewer

0.1 - 5.0 -4.9 - 0.0

5.1 - 20.0 0.1 - 5.0

20.1 or more 5.1 - 20.0 20.1 or more

PERSONS/SQ. MILE

Net Migrants per 100 Net Migrants perIndividuals 100 Individuals -5.0 or fewer -4.9 - 0.0 -5.0 or fewer

1960s 1960s

0.1 - 5.0 -4.9 - 0.0

1970s 1970s

5.1 - 20.0 0.1 - 5.0

20.1 or more20.1 or more 5.1 - 20.0

1980s 1980s

1990s 1990s

PERSONS IN POVERTY

2000s 2000s

Net Migrants per 100 Individuals Net Migrants per 100 Individuals -5.0 or fewer-5.0 or fewer -4.9 - 0.0

960s 1960s

0.1 - 5.0 -4.9 - 0.0

0.1 - 5.1 5.0- 20.0

20.1 or more20.1 or more 5.1 - 20.0

1970s 1970s

1980s 1980s

HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP

1990s 1990s

2000s 2000s

TRAVEL TIME TO WORK

980s 1980s

es for US Counties,

1990s 1990s 2000s 2000s Net Migrants per 100 Individuals -5.0 or fewer

KYLE JAMES MILLS

-4.9 - 0.0

0.1 - 5.0

BS in Landscape Architecture

5.1 - 20.0

20.1 or more

Figure 5.04 - Regional Demographic Information

JEFFERSON COUNTY

STATE OF WISCONSIN

.07%

96.8%

88.2%

150

100

9.4%

12%

72%

69%

23.5

21 Regional : Inventory + Analysis 25

REGIONAL INFLUENCES LOCATION State of Wisconsin Jefferson County City of Lake Mills

OPPORTUNITIES Summer Tourist Destination Madison-Milwaukee Transect Access to Economic Centers Convenient Commutes

DRIVE TIME 30 Minutes to Madison 1 Hour to Milwaukee 2.5 Hours to Chicago

DID YOU KNOW? KYLE JAMES MILLS

Lake Mills is 25 miles east of Madison and 50 Miles west of Milwaukee. Influenced by the natural, cultural, and economic conditions of Jefferson County and the larger surrounding region, it is located at the center of the rapidly developing Souther Wisconsin Region. The city boasts some of the best views of Glacial Drumlins in the state and possesses an abundance of water resources. Rock Lake has among the highest water quality of water bodies in Wisconsin and is connected to a healthy wetland system and numerous parks. Close proximity to Interstate 94 provides access to the economic and social benefits of the larger cities nearby. Local amenities, small town character, and access to urban employment and convenience make Lake Mills an attractive place to live, work, and play. Lake Mills is within an hours drive of both regional and international airports. Citizens of Lake Mills enjoy the benefits of close proximity to major employment centers, shopping, and cultural districts. It also makes an excellent weekend destination for residents of Chicago, Milwaukee, and Madison, especially during the summer. Lake Mills has a thriving boat culture and has a history as a resort and tourist destination.

AS MANY AS 23,000 PEOPLE COMMUTE OUT OF JEFFERSON CO. DAILY

BS in Landscape Architecture

DRIVE TIME ANALYSIS FOND DU LAC MINNESOTA

HWY 41

HWY 151 I-90

GREEN BAY

FOND DU LAC HWY 45

I-43

30 MIN 20 MIN LAKE MILLS

MADISON 10 MIN I-90

I-94

MILWAUKEE

LAKE MICHIGAN

I-43 I-94

HWY 12

JANESVILLE & ROCKFORD

CHICAGO

Figure 5.05 - Regional Drive Time Analysis Regional : Inventory + Analysis

REGIONAL STRATEGY The road is the most defining feature of landscapes in America, enabling citizens of the country to travel great distances efficiently and with free-will. However, the monotonous sense of placelessness on the road can not only increase risk of accidents, but also makes driver desire to reach the end destination as quickly as possible. Prior to the interstate system, Main Streets were the rest stops of old. By funding the creation of a locally sourced mural to beckon drivers off the interstate and into the community will increase name recognition. By capturing the essence of the community in the art, Lake Mills can showcase her natural and cultural assets to 72,200 people per day.

REGIONAL GATEWAY FREEWAY INTERCHANGE Directional Signage to the Historic Downtown Thank You for Visiting Sign Establish as Entrance

Figure 5.06 - Lake Mills Interchange Aerial

FREEWAY OVERPASS Call for Submissions Local Arts Alliance Mural Capture Community Essence Figure 5.07- Lake Mills Overpass Aerial 28 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

RECOGNITION+VISIBILITY

Figure 5.08 -Fond du lac Drive Exit in the Marquette Interchange, Milwaukee Wisconsin

PRECEDENT Community Sensitive Design Solution Allows Community Ownership of Large Infrastructure Projects Builds Place Recognition for Tourists Increases Community Aesthetics

The Fond Du Lac Drive Exit in the Marquette Interchange in Milwaukee, Wisconsin is a nearby precedent that succeeded and exists now as a celebrated landmark in the local community. This Context Sensitive Solution reflects the colorful and historical community. The mural was done by local artist Ras ‘Ammar Nsoroma and depicts the role played by the city in the Underground Railroad many years ago. This neighborhood was destroyed during the 1950’s and 1960’s when the original Marquette Interchange was built, and this piece also honors their role in the freeing of African Americans from slavery.

Regional : Inventory + Analysis

COMMUNITY INVENTORY + ANALYSIS

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 6.0 - Main Street, Lake Mills WI 1949

COMMUNITY DEMOGRAPHICS FACTS Population has increased at a rate faster than the County and the State, growing 16.9% since 1970 and above the predictions of the Wisconsin Department of Administration. Because of its sustained growth rate, it can be expected that the City of Lake Mills will continue to experience record levels of population growth for the next 10 to 20 years. Households in Lake Mills are assets at $176,834 on average and are continuing to increase along with net-land assessment values in the city. Twelve percent fewer people in Lake Mills own their residence than in the county, and with a median rent of $588 per capita, options for affordable housing are dwindling. Investing in high quality, multi-unit, affordable housing options close in proximity to the employment opportunities and amenities of downtown Lake Mills need to be explored especially with the expected increase in population. Because of the increasing numbers of residents, expanding protection of the natural and cultural resources within the city to preserve them for future generations is critical. Without a high quality of life, the city will be less able to attract new residents and businesses alike. 32 KYLE JAMES MILLS

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POPULATION % CHANGE RACE - WHITE ALONE PERSONS/SQ. MILE PERSONS IN POVERTY HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP TRAVEL TIME TO WORK

Figure 6.01 - Community Demographics Information

CITY OF LAKE MILLS

JEFFERSON COUNTY

1.3%

96.1%

96.8%

1,407

150

8.1%

9.4%

60%

72%

23.5 Community : Inventory + Analysis 33

COMMUNITY INVENTORY Key destinations in the city are primarily part of routine life including the bank, post office, schools, and food services. Main Street is the primary north-south arterial through the city. The prominent feature of Lake Mills, Rock Lake lies directly west of the city. Rock Creek drains Rock Lake and flows through the city to the east. The State Owned Fish Hatchery through which Rock Creek flows provides valuable habitat for fish, birds and other wildlife. The city currently has 56.3 acres of park space available for public use not including school park facilities. The city has 8 public access points to Rock Lake, and is host to the Glacier Heritage Trail Headquarters connecting the city to the 47 mile Glacial Drumlin State Trail at its southern border. The Lake Mills School District serves children from the City of Lake Mills, Town of Lake Mills, Oakland, Waterloo, Milford, and Aztalan. Enrollment in the schools has declined by -5.4% over the last 6 years. However, the Middle School was renovated and was the first LEED Platinum public school in the world in 2011, and the Prospect Elementary School is currently under reconstruction as the test of a new LEED rating system. It celebrates the communities sustainability goals and emphasis on children, families, and education.

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KEY SERVICES 1 2 3 4

Fort Health Care - Lake Mills City Hall United States Post Office Bank of Lake Mills

RECREATION 1 5 6 7 8 9 10

Public Lake Access Bartellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Beach Sandy Beach Public Boat Launch Commons Park Tyranena Golf Course Glacial Heritage Trail Headquarters 3

SCHOOLS 1 2 3 4 5

Prospect Elementary School St. Paulâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Elementary School Lake Mills Middle School Lakeside Lutheran High School Lake Mills High School

WATERLOO MADISON I-94 TOWN OF LAKE MILLS 1 1 2

3 4

3 5

MILWAUKEE

2 AZTALAN

5 9

10 2

CAMBRIDGE

JEFFERSON Figure 6.02 - Community Inventory Map Community : Inventory + Analysis 35

ECONOMIC LAND USE WATERLOO

Figure 6.03 - Community Land Use Map

MADISON TOWN OF LAKE MILLS MILWAUKEE

AZTALAN

N CAMBRIDGE 36 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

JEFFERSON

LAND USE

ECONOMY

RESIDENTIAL 29% 7.3% COMMERCIAL 4% 23% PARKS & OPEN SPACE 18% 5% INDUSTRIAL 9%

28%

INSTITUTIONS 8%

25%

AGRICULTURE 22%

0.9%

Residential use accounts for 708 acres of the city with an average density of 3.44 dwellings per acre, and only 2.88 dwellings per acre for single-family residential. Lake Mills is building an average of 70 houses per year. However, for a New Urbanism style of development, housing density should increase by at least 20% in core areas to 4.13 dwellings per acre in new developments. The Lake Mills Comprehensive Plan predicts a 46% increase in households by 2030 and appropriate densities required of new developments to preserve the quality of life in Lake Mills. Commerce, in regards to Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation, Food Services, and Retail Trade account for 23% of the cities economy, but are only allotted 4% of available land for use. The service sector was the largest employer in the county and is expected to double by 2030. Appropriate nodes should be identified and developed to support the growing demand to shop locally. Providing the opportunity to live and work in the same community with strengthen the city economy and citizen quality of life. With so many residents commuting out of the city for work, refined planning is required to offer the amenities and services to those residents encouraging them to return locally to shop. Manufacturing is the most productive sector of the economy in Lake Mills, however it is not predicted to substantially grow in the future to support the growing population of laborers in Lake Mills by 2030.

Figure 6.04 - Community Land Use / Economy Information Community : Inventory + Analysis 37

COMMUNITY STRATEGY LANDMARK TOUR Figure 6.05 - Landmark Tour Steps

Walk Raleigh by Matt Tomasulo is a â&#x20AC;&#x153;simple, strategic wayfinding system that helps people discover how easy it is to get around downtown by walkingâ&#x20AC;? (Biennial Walk Raleigh, 2012). It encourages people to experience urban places and promotes healthy lifestyles in auto-oriented places. A similar style of signage paired with designated bike lanes would link the landmark heritage sites of the community to an interactive website accessible by QRC code enabling users to check-in on-site to learn more about each destination. This raises visibility of cultural jewels to residents of community. Linked to the Glacier Heritage Trail, tourists from all transportation methods would gain access. Signs would raise awareness of the walkability of Lake Mills and encourage alternative methods of transportation while strengthening their bond to the roots of their community, providing opportunity for chance encounters, and allowing users to read the landscape.

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

PRECEDENT: WALK RALEIGH Figure 6.06 - Walk Raleigh Signs

Community : Inventory + Analysis 39

downtown district INVENTORY + ANALYSIS

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 7.0 - 1879 Rendering of Lake Mills

neighborhood character ARCHITECTURAL STYLE The historic downtown district of Lake Mills contains a mix of retail, service, office, and upper-story residential and outdoor recreation land uses. Design elements of the area include minimal setbacks, pedestrian oriented streetscapes, on street, rear, or limited street parking, multi-story structures, and materials or designs that match the historic character of the district. The city boasts 46 properties identifies by the Wisconsin Historical Societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Architecture and History Inventory, two of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Businesses and developers exhibit reluctance to locating in historic structures due to concerns over obsolete facilities, high renovation costs, and government restrictions. Tax credits are available to help property owners maintain or rehabilitate existing structures. However, new structures should be more thoroughly vetted to ensure the district character remains intact. With a vital and active cultural life downtown, the city should look for new opportunity to accommodate an increasing crowd during community events and festivals by incorporating a Visitor Center where people can retrieve information about the community amenities.

FORM BASED ZONING CODE SETBACK: 0-5 FT TRANSPARENCY: 50% or greater RETAIL: Street Level PARKING: Rear and Street Front USE: Mixed Residential, Commercial

42 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

DOWNTOWN INFILL DEVELOPMENT

Figure 7.01 - Infill Development Diagram

Figure 7.02 - Historical Buildings of Downtown Lake Mills 1

7 6 8

COMMONS PARK

5 4

3 1

SENTRY

MILL POND

CITY HALL

N 5

Neighborhood District : Inventory + Analysis 43

neighborhood STRATEGY Criteria for Cultural Resource Assessment and a Local Historic Landmark designation procedure should be established to protect and enhance landmark properties. Historical and contemporary significance results from association with an important person, or event; representative of a distinctive type, period, or method of construction; has, or is likely to yield, significant information about the past. Research on the site should be compiled in a publicly accessible property file. The site and its components should be well documented, as well as points of interest in the neighborhood. Traffic should be inventoried to assess potential usefulness to the community. Dialogue with people knowledgeable of the site history should be sought out and noted, along with any historical images of the property. While the pedestrian experience in the corridor is significant, a heavy focus on vehicular traffic remains. Decreasing crossing distance and adding bike lanes would enhance the street life of downtown Lake Mills. Adding pedestrian scale details to the

PRECEDENT Historic Downtown Commerical District, Cedarburg Wisconsin

hardscape increases variety, legibility, and offers the opportunity to unify the districts character. The following recommendations from New Urbanism could help ensure a coherent neighborhood :

Figure 7.03 - Cedarburg Mural MOST SUCCESSFUL HISTORIC DOWNTOWN IN WI ESTABLISHED PRESERVATION CRITERIA & ETHICS

44 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

1. Use Key Intersections to Create Walkable Centers 2. Re-Invest in Existing Centers 3. Intergovernmental Alliances to Improve Corridors 4. Focus on Liveable Communities 5. Organize Public Involvement Meetings

TRADITIONAL

COMPLETE STREET

COMPLETE

Two Additional 7 foot Bike Lanes

Eliminate One Automobile Lane

Additional Turn Lane

Decrease Automobile Lane by 2 feet

Additional Pedestrian Crossing Median

Decrease Parking Lane by 1 foot

Reduces Speed and Noise Buffers Increase Safety

Figure 7.04 - Traditional Street Diagram

Figure 7.05 - Complete Street Diagram

CURB EXPANSION Creates Traffic Buffer Zones Additional Public Green Space Reduces Pedestrian Crossing Distance

Figure 7.06- Traditional Curb Diagram

Figure 7.07 - Curb Expansion Diagram Neighborhood District : Inventory + Analysis 45

site INVENTORY + ANALYSIS

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 8.0 - 1878 Grist Mill, Lake Mills WI

site INVENTORY 1

3 2

Figure 8.01 - American Legion Post 67 Building

Figure 8.03 - Site Inventory Map, Phase One

PHASE ONE

Figure 8.02 - Rock Lack Dam Structure 48

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Phase One of the site contains the American Legion Post 67 building, and the Rock Lake Dam. Water Moves from Mill Pond (See to Right) into the Opening (See Left) and travels through a buried culvert until it daylights underneath the old shoe factory. Eventually it Rock Creek meanders past the DNR Fish Hatchery. The historic spillway used to grace this spot, however it has since been removed. Masonry, including the keystone from the arch dated 1899, was kept by for later use by the Historical Society.

Figure 8.04 - Mill Pond

Figure 8.05 - Rock Creek

50 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 8.06 - Old Shoe Factory (on left)

Figure 8.07- Box Culvert

PHASE TWO Phase Two of the site contains the historic Shoe Factor (Figure 1.01 - Old Shoe Factory) and the box culvert (Figure 1.01 - Box Culvert) daylights underneath the old shoe factory. Rock Creek (Figure 1.01 - Rock Creek) pictured to the left becomes more naturalized as it nears the DNR Fish Hatchery. Views to city hall peek through the foliage. Unfortunately, there is evidence of stormwater outlets feeding directly into the creek with little to zero pre-treatment. No human access is provided to the waterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edge, and a dangerous fall of 17 feet is not shielded to protect curious explorers from falling in. Many wildlife creatures were present, including fully-formed, healthy amphibians indicating a high water quality.

2 3 1

Figure 8.08 - Site Inventory Map, Phase TWO Neighborhood District : Inventory + Analysis 51

What's the Problem?

BEFORE

DURING

Figure 8.09 A- Site Before

ORIGINAL MILL SPILLWAY 52 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 8.09B - Site During

ROAD BASE FAILURE FROM EROSION IN CULVERT

AFTER Figure 8.09C - Site After

With massive amounts of water moving through the culvert during storm events, the force of the water eroded the base of Highway 89/Main Street. This caused a sink hole to occur, cutting off the south side of the city from the north and jeopardizing the ability of the emergency services to reach the northern part of the city in a timely matter. Emergency reconstruction occurred, and because of the reactionary stance towards the problem, a contextually sensitive solution for the spillway was lost. This resulted in the gem of Rock Creek being hidden from view and scrubbed from the fabric of the city. This transformation changed the hydraulic shadow of the dam and opened the conversation about new treatment for the affected properties.

RESULTS OF EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION 53

SITE ANALYSIS

POINTS OF INTEREST 1 2 3

Rear Facade of Historic Downtown Un-welcoming and neglected Parking Lot Large impervious area drains diHistoric Downtown Facades Unified identity, some structures need restoration, focal point Busy Traffic Intersection Dangerous 4-Way Stop, Wide crossing distance for pedestrians Commons Park Community Jewel, Central Park, Festival/Farmerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Market Site, Ice Skating Rink Access to Rock Creek Dramatic rise in creek level during storm events, no human access, City Hall Strong connection to creek, parking lot drains to creek without treatment during storm events Channelized Creek Paved stream bed, aging culvert, potential for failure Historic Mill Site & Spillway Namesake of Lake Mills, Rock Lake Dam Redundant Traffic Route Excessively wide pedestrian crossing, 6 lanes across, confusing intersection parking on both sides.

54 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 8.1 - Site Analysis Legend

SYMBOL : DESCRIPTION Major Auto Circulation Node Minor Auto Circulation Node Minor Pedestrian Circulation Node Pedestrian Circulation Path Auto Circulation Path Historic Business District Existing Park Project Boundary Existing Green Space Rock Creek Parking Building Footprint Residential Municipal

To I-94 5

3 To Rock Lake

Lake St

To Aztalan

HWY

89/M

ain

Water S

To Mill Pond

City Hall 7

To DNR Fish Hatchery

To Cambridge

Figure 8.12- Site Analysis Map Neighborhood District : Inventory + Analysis 55

site strategy VISITOR CENTER

Features the historic roots of the community in an educational exhibit with artifacts from the era. A Grist Mill Revival Style building blends well with the existing district character.

HABITAT RESTORATION Restore the woodland habitat surrounding Rock Creek to enhance the environmental corridor and give wildlife a safe haven from the dense urban district of downtown.

AMERICAN LEGION CENTER

RESURFACE ROCK CREEK

PUBLIC PARK ACCESS

STORMWATER STAGING

SHORELINE RESTORATION

DAM RECONSTRUCTION

Keep the Legion Center as a Community Node and expand its space to accommodate a larger population. New facilities and celebrated natural views will enhance the marketability and profitability of the venue.

Provide high quality access to one of the cities celebrated features while preserving the delicate habitat surrounding the site. Interactive sculpture, lighting, and fountains will animate the site.

Seize the opportunity to restore the edge of the Pond to optimal conditions with native vegetation and sensitive edge treatments.

56 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Daylight the creek to allow for interaction between people, wildlife, and vegetation. Creative water reuse in park landscape will entangle green and blue urban spaces.

Capture run-off, remove sediment, and infiltrate stormwater along shoreline prior to depositing in Rock Creek to ensure water quality remains at optimal levels on and off-site

Remotely regulate Rock Lake levels accurately with a new Hydraulic Dam structure that opens into a new spillway connecting the two sites together across the HWY 89/Main St. corridor.

N PHASE 1

PHASE 2

Figure 8.13 - Conceptual Site Map Site : Inventory + Analysis 57

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

58 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

LANDMARK TOUR

Figure 9.1 - Smart Phone Accessible

SMART PHONE ACCESSIBLE Figure 9.0 - Tour Steps

Scan the QRC for Directions Travel to each destination Check-in at each location RETURN TO THE VISITOR CENTER

Historically, signage on our routes is car-centered and expensive. But this program can easily be added to, modified, or changed at any time allowing the program to evolve with the shifting landscape. This program is inclusive allowing anyone from citizen to business quickly and affordably promote a healthy lifestyle of humancentered transit. Signs cost as little as $20 each and are installed using simple zip ties. Routes are color coded with Amusement, Civic/Institutional, Public Space, and Commercial Use. Each sign has a QRC code allowing users to access directions using their smartphone.

COLLECT YOUR PRIZE! DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Landmark Tour 59

TOUR ROUTE I-94

VISITOR CENTER LANDMARK LANDMARK TOUR CORRIDOR

ROCK LAKE

GLACIER HERITAGE TRAIL 60 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 9.02 - Heritage Landmark Tour Route Map

POINTS OF INTEREST

Figure 9.03 - Points of Interest Above are a few sample landmarks chosen for their importance to the communities heritage, representation of a particular period of development, architectural style, or relationship to a person of historical notoriety. Examples include: The Fargo Mansion, the Fargo Library, the Oldest home in Lake Mills, the Glacier Heritage Tour Headquarters, Rock Lake, Greenwood Bank, and many more.

DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Landmark Tour 61

WAYFINDING SIGNAGE VISITOR CENTER

TOUR DESIGN PARTI

LAKE MILLS HISTORIC DISTRICT

DISTRICT POSTS

GUIDE POST

LANDMARK POST

Figure 9.04 - Tour Structure Diagram The tour is structured as a stem-leaf system. The HWY 89/Main St. corridor acts as the trunk, spanning from the north end of the community to the south. Each end is designated with a District Post to pull pedestrians into the corridor. Guide Posts frame the road, lighting the way and displaying signage that directs participants towards landmarks or businesses of interest along the Heritage Tour. Each site on the tour would boast a sign that displays a brief history of the location and be a place for current occupants to advertise their business. Websites would like to each Landmark making their information available in digital form as well.

62 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

GUIDE POST CORRIDOR GUIDE POSTS PAINTED BIKE LANE

4’-0”

7’-0”

MAIN STREET/HIGHWAY 89 CORRIDOR DESIGN

12’-0”

5’-0” SCALE : NTS

Figure 9.05 - Tour Trunk Corridor Section Existing conditions along HWy89/Main Street corridor contains three 12’-0” lanes for a majority of the trunk; two traffic lanes and one parking lane. Relocating existing street parking to adjacent side streets eliminates the need for a 12’-0” parking lane on Main St. and allows for a 7’-0” seperated bike lane on each side of the traffic lanes. This would allow youths to ride to school and through town without fear of being in a pedestrian-auto collision. Guide Posts would mark important nodes along the trunk and direct users toward each landmark.

DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Landmark Tour 63

LANDMARK POST

Figure 9.06 - Landmark Perspective - Fargo Public Library

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

CA TIO

LANDMARK GATEWAY LO

Figure 9.07 - Section A-A1 VISITOR CENTER + NEW AMERICAN LEGION BUILDING

SCALE: NTS

8’-0”

5’-0”

12’-0”

STORMWATER INFILTRATION BASIN

7’-0”

A Landmark District Gateway stands at the epicenter of the tour, marking the center of this project site. This node appears immediately before the historic downtown district from the south and is adjacent to the new Visitor Center and American Legion Post 67 building. This location sits above where Rock Creek intersects the HWY89/Main Street corridor.

DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Landmark Tour 65

SITE PLAN in St

reet

Figure 9.07 - Site Plan

HWY

lding New B ui

Mill Pond

89/M a

Terrace

Water Stre

Dam

City Hall

The curvilinear lines that flow the site represent the sinuous nature of rivers and creeks. Blue concrete-capped gabion seat walls uphold the circulation routes through the site while allowing water the penetrate its surface. When lit at night, the become ambient ribbons of light arching through the space and drawing the user in. Moveable rocking chairs are placed throughout the site. The topography mimics the existing forms found in the naturally formed Mill Pond marsh. A bridge crosses the new spillway which showcases the creek and dam as public amenities and links the two sides of the site. The intersection of Water St and Main St has been shortened to provide a safer crossing distance for pedestrians and reduce conflict points between users. 66 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 9.08 - Site Perspective DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Site Design

MILL POND TERRACE

Figure 9.09 - Floating Treatment Wetland Diagram

FLOATING TREATMENT WETLAND Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTW) are a management practice that enable simultaneous treatment of stormwater, aesthetic enhancement, nutrient management, and habitat creation. This porous, floating platform supports plant life above the water line, and remediates water quality and habitat issues below. The network of roots supports a community of bacteria that binds nutrients and contaminants making the water cleaner. These islands can remove phosphorous and nitrogen, reduce Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and some metals. While they may not completely solve water quality issues, they can seriously alleviate the severity of the issues (such as algae blooms and odor). The plant stock in the Mill Pond wetlands can be replaced in case of failure using the nursery stock in the smaller bog planters close to the legion on the terrace. These planters allow educational sessions to take place with the public, teaching care methods for wetland plants. They also act as micro systems representing the processes occurring at large in the Mill Pond up close for observation.

68 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

N LO CA TIO

B B1 HYDROTHERMAL HEAT RAIN CHAIN

AMERICAN LEGION

BOG PLANTER FLOATING WETLAND

ROCKING CHAIR VISITOR CENTER SCALE: NTS

MILL POND

TERRACE

CISTERN

Figure 9.1 - Section B-B1 The plant stock in the Mill Pond wetlands can be replaced in case of failure using the nursery stock in the smaller bog planters close to the legion on the terrace. These planters allow educational sessions to take place with the public, teaching care methods for wetland plants. They also act as micro systems representing the processes occurring at large in the Mill Pond up close for observation. Stormwater run-off captured from the site is stored in the basement cistern supplying water to the bog planters and water for the hydrothermal heating pumped through the new building. The legion received the top story to take advantage of sweeping views over the Mill Pond.

DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Site Design 69

ROCKING CHAIR C ON C EP T:

This iconic moveable chair not only provides a unique site feature to anchor the park in place, but also gives users the opportunity to gain practice attention restoration through passive viewing of the natural scenery, wildlife, and sky while listening to the cascade of water over the dam while soaking in the sunshine. KYLE JAMES MILLS 70

BS in Landscape Architecture

THE F ORM MIMIC S THE G R ACE F U L C A SC A DE OF WA TER O VE R A DAM .

Figure 9.12 - Rocking Chair Perspective

1’-0”

SCALE: NTS

2’ - 0 ”

1 3

2 ’ -6”

5’ -0”

2’ -6 ”

This chair could be make from the recycled wood recovered from deconstructed buildings and trees taken off the existing site. A dark stain should be applied to the cut edge of each chair piece. It is assembled in a numerical sandwich pattern depicted below:

2 2’-0” Figure 9.13 - Rocking Chair Detail

1 2

Figure 9.14 - Rocking Chair Assembly DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Site Design 71

STORMWATER ANALYSIS Figure 9.15 - Stormwater Model

PRE-Q: 2.73 cfs POST-Q: 1.84 cfs DELTA-Q: -0.9 cfs

Decreasing building area by 30% and impervious surfaces by over 50% dramatically decreased site run-off by 0.9 cubic feet per second. This helps reduce creek surge during large storm events, especially given the immense volume of water discharged from Rock Lake. 72

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

STORMWATER INFILTRATION BASIN The site sits at the low point of the downtown district, with water from Main Street draining directly to the area highlighted in red (left). This area has been programmed as a stormwater infiltration detention basin. As water pours into the infiltration basin from a street catch basin, it lands on a pit of gravel that allows sediment to fall out of suspension and become trapped within the pore spaces of the aggregate. Once the water saturates the soils in the basin, it moves through the gabion walls and up each tier as the water levels increase during the duration of the storm. Once completely saturated, water flows through the filter sock and down a schedule 40 pvc tubing creating a gravity fountain. This interactive rain overflow system takes information about the environment from elements in it sharing this bio-information with observers. Without signage or dials, the average bystander can conceptualize the sheer volume of run-off being discharged into Rock Creek during storm events.

LOCATION C

GABION WALL SEDIMENT FILTRATION

MAIN ST.

FILTER SOCK

GRAVITY FOUNTAIN

SCALE: NTS

Figure 9.16 - Section C-C1

C1 DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Site Design 73

GRADING Inspiration for the topographic modifications originated in the naturalized Mill Pond marsh. The site has an overwhelming amount of cut to accommodate for the new bridge and spillway. These features cut significant amounts of soil from the existing grade. This cut is then compacted as fill on site, re-using as much in-situ soils as possible. Overall, a net export of soils occurs in relatively small amounts. The key (right) indicates levels of cut and fill. Cool tones represent fill and warm tones represent cut. The darker the hue, the greater amount of cut/fill occurs. Contours were measured at a two foot interval.

CUT

FILL

20,500 12,973

BS in Landscape Architecture

CUT 10’ - 0” CUT 8’ - 0” CUT 6’ - 0” CUT 4’ - 0”

CUbic YARDS

NET EXPORT: 4,283.3 cu. yDS.

74 KYLE JAMES MILLS

CUT 12’ - 0”

CUT 2’ - 0” FILL 2’ - 0” FILL 4’ - 0” FILL 6’ - 0” FILL 8’ - 0” FILL 10’ - 0”

SCALE: NTS

Figure 9.17 - Cut/Fill Diagram

DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Site Design 75

PLANTING PLAN N

SCALE: NTS

EMERGENT WETLAND (0”-18” INUNDATION) WET PRAIRIE (PERMANENTLY SATURATED) FLOOD PLAIN RIPARIAN (SEASONAL FLOODING) TALL GRASS PRAIRIE (RARELY FLOODED) DRY TALL GRASS PRAIRIE (ZERO INUNDATION)

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

Figure 9.18 - Plant Schematic

EMERGENT WETLAND

WET PRAIRIE

FLOOD PLAIN

TALL GRASS WET PRAIRIE

TALL GRASS DRY PRAIRIE

Figure 9.18 - Plant Color & Texture Given the intense seasonal flooding and swell during storm events, each area of the site was evaluated by its inundation level and prescribed the appropriate plant mix for each zone. Five types of Agrecol pre-seeded native plant mats are specified. This innovative product is guaranteed a strong establishment. They are pre-grown off-site and shipped as a sod type structure. These mats are then quickly staked into the newly graded site and given sufficient water perform quite well. The diversity of plant types in the mixes provides splashes of color and a variety of textures while providing wildlife habitat and food. The quick installation process eliminates worry of stock failure and reduces installation cost through efficiency, accuracy, and reduced labor cost. At a later date, trees may be introduced to the site after the mats have successfully been established to reduce competition for resources and nutrients between the mats and tree specimens upon initial implementation.

DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Site Design

PROGRAM EVALUATION REGIONAL GATEWAY

Sense of Entry Place Recognition for Tourists

The road is the most defining feature of landscapes in America, enabling citizens of the country to travel great distances efficiently and with free-will. Prior to the interstate system, Main Streets were the rest stops of old. By funding the creation of a locally sourced mural to beckon drivers off the interstate and into the community will increase name recognition. By capturing the essence of the community in the art, Lake Mills can showcase her natural and cultural assets to 72,200 people per day.

LANDMARK HERITAGE TOUR

Links Cultural Assets Increases Multi-Modal Transport Visibility

Branded signage paired with designated bike lanes would link the landmark heritage sites of the community to an interactive website accessible by QRC code enabling users to check-in on-site to learn more about each destination. This raises visibility of cultural jewels to residents of community. Linked to the Glacier Heritage Trail, tourists from all transportation methods would gain access. Signs would raise awareness of the walkability of Lake Mills and encourage alternative methods of transportation while strengthening their bond to the roots of their community, providing opportunity for chance encounters, and allowing users to read the landscape.

78 KYLE JAMES MILLS

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DOWNTOWN VISIONING

Unify Downtown Character Increase Economic Opportunity at Core

Criteria for Cultural Resource Assessment and a Local Historic Landmark designation procedure should be established to protect and enhance landmark properties. Research on the site should be compiled in a publicly accessible property file. Dialogue with people knowledgeable of the site history should be sought out and noted, along with any historical images of the property. While the pedestrian experience in the corridor is significant, a heavy focus on vehicular traffic remains. Decreasing crossing distance and adding bike lanes would enhance the street life of downtown Lake Mills. Adding pedestrian scale details to the hardscape increases variety, legibility, and offers the opportunity to unify the districtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s character.

ROCK CREEK PARK

Honor the Roots of the Community Celebrate Citizen Interaction with Nature Give New Place for Community to Gather

A Visitor Center features the historic roots of the community in an educational exhibit with artifacts from the era. New facilities for the American Legion boasting celebrated natural views will enhance the marketability and profitability of the venue. Showcase the Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sustainable ethics by harnessing captured rainwater to animate interactive fountains in the public park. Delicate restoration efforts will protect and preserve the wildlife habitat to minimize the effects of human activity on the site. Establishing this primary community node will reinforce a sense of identity in the citizens of Lake Mills and celebrate their historical pioneer spirit.

Program + Evaluation Criteria 79

APPENDIX DETAILS CALCULATIONS PLANT SPECIFICATIONS REFERENCES

80 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

CONSTRUCTION DETAIL Figure 10.0 - Gabion Wall Detail 2’-0”

#4 HORIZONTAL REBAR, ASTM A-615 GR60, EPOXY DIPPED, 2” MIN CLEAR ALL SIDES EXCEPT AT POINT OF EXTRUSION

2” 4” CONCRETE CAP, INTEGRAL BLUE COLOR, TYPE 1, 2500 PSI @ 28 DAYS, MAX 4” SLUMP, 5 SACK MIX, INTEGRAL SHORT STRAND FIBERGLASS, CONTINUOUS ‘KICHLER LIGHTING’, WHITE LED WITH BRACKET, MODEL #15756, SILVER

‘XINQNINYE’ 3/8” WEAVING WIRE MESH, HEXAGONAL HOLE SHAPE, LOW-CARBON IRON WIRE, PVC COATED, WHITE, GUAGE TO BE SELECTED BY LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

1’-6”

2’-0”

3”

4” 2”

#4 KAFKA GRANITE, IMPERIAL GREY

6”

CONNECTIONS VARY PER PLAN

9”

NATURE STONE EPOXY PAVING, LARGE PEARL, INSTALL PER MGF INSTRUCTIONS #6 CLEAN CRUSHED STONE, CONTINUOUS, COMPACTED TO 98% ‘TYPAR’ 3601-G, CONTINUOUS, 1’ LAP JOINTS

2’-9”

CONCRETE FOUNDATION, STANDARD COLOR, TYPE 1, 2500 PSI @ 28 DAYS, MAX 4” SLUMP, 5 SACK MIX, CONTINUOUS

SUBGRADE, COMPACT TO 95% PROCTOR THROUGHOUT, CONTINUOUS

NOTE: TRANSIT MIX WILL BE REJECTED IF NOT PLACED IN FINAL POSITION WITHIN 1-1/2 HRS AFTER WATER IS FIRST ADDED TO THE BATCH. GABION WALL WITH LED LIGHTS NTS NB: DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING

KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

NOTE: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT MUST BE NOTIFIED 24 HRS PRIOR TO CONCRETE POUR.

Calculations CUT/FILL

Figure 10.1 - Cut Fill Table

STORMWATER

CUT/FILL +10 +8 +6 +4 +2 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 Surface Lawn Building Parking Forest Road

Cubic Feet 1,500 6,200 12,300 1,975 8,300 6,500 7,500 11,550 12,000 14,000 9,600 C-Value 0.4 0.95 0.98 0.25 0.98

Surface Building Planters Shoreline Sidewalk Pervious Path Road Natural Prairie Retention Basin

Figure 10.2 - Stormwater Table

Totals (Cubic Yards)

Total Fill: 12,973.3 Total Cut: 20,500

Intensity 3 3 3 3 3

C-Value 0.95 0.2 0.2 0.98 0.3 0.98 0.2 0.2

PRE-Q Value

POST-Q Value

2.7252

1.8441

Compaction Rate: (12,973.3)(1.25)=16,216.6 Net Export: 4,283.3

Area (acres) 0.3 0.38 0.33 0.22 0.05 PRE-Q TOTAL:

Intensity 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Q-Value 0.36 1.083 0.9702 0.165 0.147 2.7252

Area 0.274 0.82 0.148 0.085 0.162 0.095 0.322 0.095 POST-Q TOTAL:

Q-Value 0.7809 0.0492 0.0888 0.2499 0.1458 0.2793 0.1932 0.057 1.8441

Delta Q Value (cubic feet per second) -0.8811

DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Calculations

PLANT MIXES

Native Seed Mixes

WET PRAIRIE

WETLAND EMERGENT

FULL TO PART SUN, WET SOILS

A nice selection of grasses, sedges, rushes, and wildflowers. Many of these species such as Blue Flag Iris and Arrowhead grow near water level and are rooted in shallow water. Wetland Emergent plants grow best where the water is 3 inches above or below the surface of the soil. These areas are found on shorelines of ponds, marshes, and lakes. Once established emergent plants can withstand several feet of standing water. 4.00 PLS LBS/ACRE

WILDFLOWERS ACORUS CALAMUS ALISMA SUBCORDATUM IRIS VIRGINICA MIMULUS RINGENS SAGITTARIA LATIFOLIA SPARGANIUM EURYCARPUM GRASSES, SEDGES & RUSHES CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS CAREX COMOSA CAREX CRINITA CAREX HYSTERICINA GLYCERIA GRANDIS GLYCERIA STRIATA JUNCUS EFFUSUS LEERSIA ORYZOIDES SCIRPUS ACUTUS SCIRPUS ATROVIRENS SCIRPUS CYPERINUS SCIRPUS FLUVIATILIS SCIRPUS PENDULUS SCIRPUS VALIDUS SPARTINA PECTINATA

8.00 PLS LBS/ACRE

113.00 PLS SEEDS/SQUARE FOOT

SWEET FLAG COMMON WATER PLANTAIN BLUE FLAG IRIS MONKEY FLOWER ARROWHEAD GIANT BUR-REED BLUE JOINT GRASS BRISTLY SEDGE FRINGED SEDGE PORCUPINE SEDGE REED MANNA GRASS FOWL MANNA GRASS COMMON RUSH RICE CUT GRASS HARD-STEMMED BULRUSH DARK-GREEN BULLRUSH WOOL GRASS RIVER BULLRUSH RED BULRUSH SOFT-STEM BULLRUSH PRAIRIE CORD GRASS

Oz./Acre 5.00 2.00 3.50 0.20 2.00 6.00 Oz./Acre 1.25 5.00 2.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 0.30 4.00 1.00 2.00 0.75 2.50 1.00 2.50 13.00

WILDFLOWERS ANEMONE CANADENSIS ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE ASTER PUNICEUS BAPTISIA LEUCANTHA CASSIA HEBECARPA EUPATORIUM MACULATUM EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM GENTIANA ANDREWSII HELENIUM AUTUMNALE HELIOPSIS HELIANTHOIDES LIATRIS SPICATA LOBELIA SIPHILITICA MIMULUS RINGENS MONARDA FISTULOSA PARTHENIUM INTEGRIFOLIUM PYCNANTHEMUM VIRGINIANUM RATIBIDA PINNATA SILPHIUM TEREBINTHINACEUM SOLIDAGO GRAMINIFOLIA SOLIDAGO OHIOENSIS SOLIDAGO RIDDELLII VERBENA HASTATA VERONICASTRUM VIRGINICUM ZIZIA AUREA GRASSES, SEDGES & RUSHES BROMUS CILIATUS CAREX BEBBII CAREX CRAWFORDII CAREX CRINITA CAREX SCOPARIA CAREX STIPATA WET PRAIRIE CAREX VULPINOIDEA ELYMUS GRASSES,VIRGINICUS SEDGES & RUSHES (continued)

GLYCERIA CANADENSIS GRANDIS AgrecolGLYCERIA Native Nursery SCIRPUS PENDULUS

Agrecol Native Nursery

Page 1 of 1

Figure 10.3 - Plant Mix Specifications KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture

FULL TO PART SUN, WET TO MEDIUM SOILS

Wet prairies typically grow in deep rich soils that are high in organic matter. They also occur in areas where the drainage is poor or in spots that collect water from the surrounding landscape. Wet prairies can survive saturated soil conditions or ponded water for short periods of time, especially after the plants are established. Our Wet Prairie mix includes a diverse blend of grasses, sedges, and wildflowers to recreate the appearance of naturally occurring wet prairies. This mix will grow best in full sun. 85.00 PLS SEEDS/SQUARE FOOT

Oz./Acre 0.50 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 6.00 0.40 0.50 0.10 0.25 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.25 2.00 1.00 0.25 3.00 1.00 0.10 1.00 1.50 1.50 0.25 4.00 Oz./Acre FRINGED BROME 32.00 BEBB'S SEDGE 1.00 Native Seed Mixes CRAWFORD'S SEDGE 0.40 FRINGED SEDGE 1.00 OVAL SEDGE 0.50 COMMON FOX SEDGE 3.00 FULL TO PART SUN, WET TO MEDIUM SOILS BROWN FOX SEDGE 1.50 VIRGINIA WILD RYE 48.00 Oz./Acre

CANADA ANEMONE MARSH MILKWEED NEW ENGLAND ASTER RED-STEMMED ASTER WILD WHITE INDIGO WILD SENNA SPOTTED JOE PYE WEED BONESET BOTTLE GENTIAN SNEEZEWEED EARLY SUNFLOWER MARSH BLAZING STAR GREAT BLUE LOBELIA MONKEY FLOWER WILD BERGAMOT WILD QUININE MOUNTAIN MINT YELLOW CONEFLOWER PRAIRIE DOCK GRASS-LEAVED GOLDENROD OHIO GOLDENROD RIDDELL'S GOLDENROD BLUE VERVAIN CULVER'S ROOT GOLDEN ALEXANDERS

RATTLESNAKE GRASS REED1MANNA GRASS Page of 2 RED BULRUSH

Native Seed Mixes

TALLGRASS PRAIRIE FOR WET MESIC SOILS

Native Seed Mixes

FLOOD PLAIN

FULL TO PART SUN, WET TO MEDIUM SOILS

Flood plains provide natural flood and erosion control on our waterways while supporting fish and wildlife habitat. This seed mix is perfect for establishing native vegetation in low-lying areas that are adjacent to rivers and streams. These sites are prone to seasonal flooding but are typically dry throughout most of the year. This mix does best in sites with full sun to partial shade. 8.00 PLS LBS/ACRE

WILDFLOWERS ALISMA SUBCORDATUM ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE ASTER PUNICEUS EUPATORIUM MACULATUM EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM HELENIUM AUTUMNALE HELIANTHUS GROSSESERRATUS LIATRIS SPICATA LOBELIA CARDINALIS LOBELIA SIPHILITICA PYCNANTHEMUM VIRGINIANUM RUDBECKIA LACINIATA SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM SOLIDAGO RIDDELLII VERBENA HASTATA VERNONIA FASCICULATA ZIZIA AUREA GRASSES, SEDGES & RUSHES BROMUS CILIATUS CAREX VULPINOIDEA ELYMUS RIPARIUS ELYMUS VIRGINICUS GLYCERIA GRANDIS LEERSIA ORYZOIDES SCIRPUS ATROVIRENS SCIRPUS CYPERINUS SCIRPUS FLUVIATILIS SCIRPUS VALIDUS SPARTINA PECTINATA

Agrecol Native Nursery

82.00 PLS SEEDS/SQUARE FOOT

COMMON WATER PLANTAIN MARSH MILKWEED NEW ENGLAND ASTER RED-STEMMED ASTER SPOTTED JOE PYE WEED BONESET SNEEZEWEED SAW-TOOTH SUNFLOWER MARSH BLAZING STAR CARDINAL FLOWER GREAT BLUE LOBELIA MOUNTAIN MINT WILD GOLDEN GLOW CUPPLANT RIDDELL'S GOLDENROD BLUE VERVAIN IRONWEED GOLDEN ALEXANDERS FRINGED BROME BROWN FOX SEDGE RIVER BANK WILD RYE VIRGINIA WILD RYE REED MANNA GRASS RICE CUT GRASS DARK-GREEN BULLRUSH WOOL GRASS RIVER BULLRUSH SOFT-STEM BULLRUSH PRAIRIE CORD GRASS

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Oz./Acre 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.30 0.50 3.00 0.30 0.35 0.50 3.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 Oz./Acre 24.00 4.00 30.00 24.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 0.25 3.00 0.30 4.00

FULL SUN, WET TO MEDIUM SOILS

Majestic prairies once covered over 100 million acres! The most distinguished grasses of these prairies were Big Bluestem, Indiangrass, and Switchgrass. Our Tallgrass Prairie mixes feature these mighty grasses but don’t think we forgot about the wildflowers. These mixes contain over 50% wildflowers by seed count with almost 30 species in each. Average Tallgrass Prairie heights can reach 6 to 8 feet with some Silphiums reaching almost 10 feet! With high diversity and a high seed count, this is an excellent choice for full sun, moist areas that are not quite saturated. Can be used as a transitional zone mix between mesic and emergent areas. 10.75 PLS LBS/ACRE

112.00 PLS SEEDS/SQUARE FOOT

WILDFLOWERS Oz./Acre ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA MARSH MILKWEED 3.00 ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAE NEW ENGLAND ASTER 2.00 ASTER PUNICEUS RED-STEMMED ASTER 1.00 BAPTISIA LEUCANTHA WILD WHITE INDIGO 4.00 CASSIA HEBECARPA WILD SENNA 4.00 DESMODIUM CANADENSE CANADA TICK TREFOIL 1.00 ECHINACEA PURPUREA PURPLE CONEFLOWER 4.00 EUPATORIUM MACULATUM SPOTTED JOE PYE WEED 0.50 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM BONESET 0.20 HELENIUM AUTUMNALE SNEEZEWEED 0.25 HELIANTHUS GROSSESERRATUS SAW-TOOTH SUNFLOWER 0.25 HYPERICUM PYRAMIDATUM GREAT ST. JOHN'S WORT 0.10 LIATRIS SPICATA MARSH BLAZING STAR 0.75 MIMULUS RINGENS MONKEY FLOWER 0.20 MONARDA FISTULOSA WILD BERGAMOT 1.00 PARTHENIUM INTEGRIFOLIUM WILD QUININE 1.50 PYCNANTHEMUM VIRGINIANUM MOUNTAIN MINT 0.25 RATIBIDA PINNATA YELLOW CONEFLOWER 3.00 RUDBECKIA HIRTA BLACK-EYED SUSAN 4.00 RUDBECKIA SUBTOMENTOSA SWEET BLACK-EYED SUSAN 2.00 SILPHIUM INTEGRIFOLIUM ROSIN WEED 1.00 SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM CUPPLANT 3.00 SILPHIUM TEREBINTHINACEUM PRAIRIE DOCK 1.50 SOLIDAGO OHIOENSIS OHIO GOLDENROD 1.00 SOLIDAGO RIDDELLII RIDDELL'S GOLDENROD 2.00 SOLIDAGO RIGIDA STIFF GOLDENROD 0.75 TRADESCANTIA OHIENSIS SPIDERWORT Native0.75 Seed Mixes VERBENA HASTATA BLUE VERVAIN 0.75 VERNONIA FASCICULATA IRONWEED 2.50 VERONICASTRUM VIRGINICUM CULVER'S ROOT 0.50 ZIZIA AUREA GOLDEN ALEXANDERS 3.50 TALLGRASS PRAIRIE FOR WET MESIC SOILS FULL SUN, WET TO MEDIUM SOILS GRASSES, SEDGES & RUSHES Oz./Acre GRASSES, SEDGES & RUSHES (continued) BIG BLUESTEM Oz./Acre ANDROPOGON GERARDII 16.00 BROMUS CILIATUS FRINGED BROME 20.00 CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS BLUE JOINT GRASS 0.75 AgrecolCAREX Native BEBBII Nursery Page 1 of 2 ©2012 Agrecol LLC BEBB'S SEDGE 0.50 CAREX CRAWFORDII CRAWFORD'S SEDGE 0.20 CAREX CRINITA FRINGED SEDGE 1.00 CAREX SCOPARIA OVAL SEDGE 1.00 CAREX VULPINOIDEA BROWN FOX SEDGE 1.00 ELYMUS CANADENSIS CANADA WILD RYE 32.00 ELYMUS VIRGINICUS VIRGINIA WILD RYE 32.00 PANICUM VIRGATUM SWITCH GRASS 2.00 SCIRPUS ATROVIRENS DARK-GREEN BULLRUSH 0.50 SCIRPUS CYPERINUS WOOL GRASS 0.30 SCIRPUS PENDULUS RED BULRUSH 0.50 SORGHASTRUM NUTANS INDIAN GRASS 10.00 SPARTINA PECTINATA PRAIRIE CORD GRASS 4.00

DESIGN SOLUTIONS: Planting Specifications

PLANT MIXES

Native Seed Mixes

TALLGRASS PRAIRIE FOR DRY SOILS

FULL SUN, MEDIUM TO DRY SOILS

Majestic prairies once covered over 100 million acres! The most distinguished grasses of these prairies were Big Bluestem, Indiangrass, and Switchgrass. Our Tallgrass Prairie mixes feature these mighty grasses but don’t think we forgot about the wildflowers. These mixes contain over 50% wildflowers by seed count with almost 30 species in each. Average Tallgrass Prairie heights can reach 6 to 8 feet with some Silphiums reaching almost 10 feet! This mix thrives in full sun areas containing rocky or sandy, well-drained soils. 13.00 PLS LBS/ACRE

WILDFLOWERS ALLIUM CERNUUM AMORPHA CANESCENS ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA ASTER AZUREUS ASTER ERICOIDES ASTER LAEVIS ASTRAGALUS CANADENSIS CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA COREOPSIS LANCEOLATA COREOPSIS PALMATA DALEA CANDIDA DALEA PURPUREA ECHINACEA PALLIDA ECHINACEA PURPUREA ERYNGIUM YUCCIFOLIUM HELIANTHUS GROSSESERRATUS HELIOPSIS HELIANTHOIDES KUHNIA EUPATORIOIDES LIATRIS ASPERA LIATRIS PYCNOSTACHYA MONARDA FISTULOSA MONARDA PUNCTATA PARTHENIUM INTEGRIFOLIUM POTENTILLA ARGUTA RATIBIDA PINNATA RUDBECKIA HIRTA RUDBECKIA SUBTOMENTOSA SILPHIUM LACINIATUM SOLIDAGO RIGIDA SOLIDAGO SPECIOSA TRADESCANTIA OHIENSIS VERBENA STRICTA GRASSES, SEDGES & RUSHES ANDROPOGON GERARDII

Agrecol Native Nursery

KYLE JAMES MILLS

TALLGRASS PRAIRIE FOR DRY SOILS

83.00 PLS SEEDS/SQUARE FOOT

NODDING ONION LEADPLANT BUTTERFLY WEED SKY-BLUE ASTER HEATH ASTER SMOOTH BLUE ASTER CANADA MILK VETCH PARTRIDGE PEA LANCE LEAVED COREOPSIS PRAIRIE COREOPSIS WHITE PRAIRIE CLOVER PURPLE PRAIRIE CLOVER PALE PURPLE CONEFLOWER PURPLE CONEFLOWER RATTLESNAKE MASTER SAW-TOOTH SUNFLOWER EARLY SUNFLOWER FALSE BONESET ROUGH BLAZING STAR PRAIRIE BLAZING STAR WILD BERGAMOT DOTTED MINT WILD QUININE PRAIRIE CINQUEFOIL YELLOW CONEFLOWER BLACK-EYED SUSAN SWEET BLACK-EYED SUSAN COMPASS PLANT STIFF GOLDENROD SHOWY GOLDENROD SPIDERWORT HOARY VERVAIN BIG BLUESTEM

Page 1 of 2

BS in Landscape Architecture

Native Seed Mixes

Oz./Acre 6.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 0.10 1.25 2.00 12.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 6.00 8.00 2.50 0.75 8.00 1.50 1.25 2.50 1.50 0.50 1.50 0.40 5.00 4.00 2.50 3.00 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 Oz./Acre 12.00

GRASSES, SEDGES & RUSHES (continued) BOUTELOUA CURTIPENDULA CAREX BICKNELLII ELYMUS CANADENSIS KOELERIA CRISTATA PANICUM VIRGATUM SCHIZACHYRIUM SCOPARIUM SORGHASTRUM NUTANS SPOROBOLUS HETEROLEPIS

FULL SUN, MEDIUM TO DRY SOILS

SIDE OATS GRAMA COPPER-SHOULDERED OVAL SEDGE CANADA WILD RYE JUNE GRASS SWITCH GRASS LITTLE BLUESTEM INDIAN GRASS PRAIRIE DROPSEED

Oz./Acre 16.00 1.00 48.00 1.50 8.00 16.00 12.00 4.00

Figure 10.3 - Plant Mix Specifications

Agrecol Native Nursery

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PRESS RELEASE Contact: Kyle J Mills KYLE JAMES MILLS LANDSCAPE DESIGN Phone 414.759.4512 www.kylejamesmills.com kylejamesmills@gmail.com

1127 Drake St. Madison, Wi 53713

KYLE JAMES MILLS LANDSCAPE DESIGN

PRESS RELEASE DESIGN SHOWCASE UW Graduate Crafts Community Vision for Lake Mills Lake Mills, WI May 26, 2014: Kyle James Mills, a graduate of the University of Wisconsin Landscape Architecture program has crafted a progressive vision for the community of Lake Mills. As part of his senior Capstone experience, Kyle was tasked to examine a Wisconsin community and use his skills to make suggestions to increase commerce, walkability, vitality, and quality of life. Come hear his ideas and share yours on ___________,

May

___________________ room at ____________________.

For Release [Time, AM/PM Time Zone, Date]

____,

2014 at

________ pm in the

APPENDIX: Figures

Figure 1.00 - Kyle James Mills, portrait Figure 2.0 - Workflow Diagram Figure 3.0 - Walkability Design Principles Figure 3.01 - Process of Cognition Diagram Figure 3.02 - “Wisconsin Landscape” by Amy Beth Figure 3.03 - “Rubble 9/11” Figure 3.04 - “Textscape” by Robert Bowens Figure 4.0 - Main St. in Lake Mills, 1908 Figure 4.01 - Capt. Joseph Keyes Figure 4.02 - Grist Mill Historical Photos and Artifacts Figure 4.03 - Map of Ancient Aztalan Figure 4.04 - Chief Black Hawk Figure 4.05 - Rock Lake Figure 5.0 - Wisconsin Drumlins Figure 5.01- The Pleistocene Glaciers of Wisconsin Figure 5.02 - Rock River Watershed Trends Figure 5.03- Net Migration Trends in Wisconsin Figure 5.04 - Regional Demographic Information Figure 5.05 - Regional Drive Time Analysis Figure 5.06 - Lake Mills Interchange Aerial Figure 5.07- Lake Mills Overpass Aerial Figure 5.08 -Fond du lac Drive Exit in the Marquette Interchange Milwaukee, Wi

Figure 6.0 - Main Street, Lake Mills WI 1949 Figure 6.01 - Community Demographics Information Figure 6.02 - Community Inventory Map Figure 6.03 - Community Land Use Map Figure 6.04 - Community Land Use / Economy Information igure 6.05 - Landmark Tour Steps Figure 6.06 - Walk Raleigh Signs Figure 7.0 - 1879 Rendering of Lake Mills Figure 7.01 - Infill Development Diagram Figure 7.02 - Historical Buildings of Downtown Lake Mills Figure 7.03 - Cedaruburg Mural Figure 7.04 - Traditional Street Diagram Figure 7.05 - Complete Street Diagram Figure 7.06- Traditional Curb Diagram Figure 7.07 - Curb Expansion Diagram Figure 8.0 - 1878 Grist Mill, Lake Mills WI Figure 8.01 - American Legion Post 67 Building Figure 8.02 - Rock Lack Dam Structure Figure 8.03 - Site Inventory Map, Phase One Figure 8.04 - Mill Pond Figure 8.05 - Rock Creek Figure 8.06 - Old Shoe Factory (on left) Figure 8.07- Box Culvert Figure 8.08 - Site Inventory Map, Phase TWO Figure 8.09 A- Site Before Figure 8.09B - Site During

Figure 8.09C - Site After Figure 8.1 - Site Analysis Legend Figure 8.12- Site Analysis Map Figure 8.13 - Conceptual Site Map Figure 9.0 - Tour Steps Figure 9.1 - Smart Phone Accessible Figure 9.02 - Heritage Landmark Tour Route Map Figure 9.03 - Points of Interest Figure 9.04 - Tour Structure Diagram Figure 9.05 - Tour Trunk Corridor Section Figure 9.06 - Landmark Perspective - Fargo Public Library Figure 9.07 - Section A-A1 Figure 9.07 - Site Plan Figure 9.08 - Site Perspective Figure 9.09 - Floating Treatment Wetland Diagram Figure 9.1 - Section B-B1 Figure 9.12 - Rocking Chair Perspecrtive Figure 9.13 - Rocking Chair Detail Figure 9.14 - Rocking Chair Assembley Figure 9.15 - Stormwater Model Figure 9.16 - Section C-C1 Figure 9.17 - Cut/Fill Diagram Figure 9.18 - Plant Schematic Figure 9.18 - Plant Color & Texture Figure 10.0 - Gabion Wall Detail Figure 10.2 - Stormwater Table Figure 10.3 - Plant Mix Specifications 87

REFERENCES: Cover Photo: http://publicenemiescolumbus.blogspot.com/2012/05/ shots-of-lake-mills-and-coming-storms.html Figure 1.00 - Kyle James Mills, portrait, Eli Wedel Photo and Design Figure 2.0 - Workflow Diagram, by Kyle J. Mills Figure 3.02 - “Wisconsin Landscape” by Amy Beth Figure 3.03 - “Rubble 9/11”, unknown Figure 4.01 - Capt. Joseph Keyes , Wikipedia Figure 4.04 - Chief Black Hawk by Christopher Pardell, Legends Studios Fine Art Sculptures by Starlite Originals Pewter & Mixed Media. Western, American Indian, Wildlife and Contemporary Art Statuary. Figure 4.03 - Map of Ancient Aztalan “Mound Builders.” : Ancient Aztalan Earthworks. N.p., n.d. Figure 4.04 - Chief Black Hawk “Enduring, Chief Black Hawk, Legacies Of The West

Collection, Christopher Pardell, Legends Studios.” Enduring, Chief Black Hawk, Legacies Of The West Collection, Christopher Pardell, Legends Studios. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. Figure 3.04 - “Textscape” by Robert Bowens “Graphic Design Cluster.” Graphic Design Cluster. N.p., 9 Sept. 2010. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. Figure 4.0 - Main St. in Lake Mills, 1908 Figure 4.0 - Lake Mills Grist Mill Figure 4.02 - Grist Mill Historical Photos and Artifacts Figure 6.0 - Main Street, Lake Mills, WI 1949 Figure 7.0 - 1879 Rendering of Lake Mills Figure 8.0 - 1878 Grist Mill, Lake Mills WI “Grist Mill & Photos from Lake Mills.” Grist Mill & Photos from Lake Mills. Historical Society of Lake Mills, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. Figure 5.01- The Pleistocene Glaciers of Wisconsin http://v-e-n-u-e.com/Hiking-the-Ice-Age-Trail-inWisconsin Figure 5.02 - Rock River Watershed Trends http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/TMDLs/rockriver/Rock_Basin_map.pdf Figure 5.06 - Lake Mills Interchange Aerial Figure 5.07 - Lake Mills Overpass Aerial Google Earth, Google Inc.

Figure 5.08 Fond Du Lac Drive Exit in Marquette Interchange, Milwaukee Wi “MILWAUKEE TO FEATURE MURALS THEY WILL BE PART OF THE MARQUETTE INTERCHANGE PROJECT AND WILL DEPICT THE CITY’S UNDERGROUND RAILROAD ROLE.” Madison.com. Associated Press, 10 Sept. 2006. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. Figure 5.04 - Regional Demographic Information Figure 6.01 - Community Demographics Information Figure 6.02 - Community Inventory Map Figure 6.03 - Community Land Use Map Figure 6.04 - Community Land Use / Economy Information Figure 7.01 - Infill Development Diagram City of Lake Mills. “City of Lake Mills, Wisconsin.” Comprehensive Plan. City of Lake Mills, 2009. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.

Figure 7.03 - Cedaruburg Mural http://badatsports.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Roberts_090907_0561.jpg Figure 7.04 - Traditional Street Diagram Figure 7.05 - Complete Street Diagram Figure 7.06 - Traditional Curb Diagram Figure 7.07 - Curb Expansion Diagram Dunham-Jones, E., and J. Williamson. Retrofitting suburbia, urban design solutions for redesigning suburbs. Updated. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2013. ix,xiii,58,175. Print. Figure 8.01 - American Legion Post 67 Building http://www.lakemillspost67.org/ Figure 8.04 - Mill Pond

Figure 7.04 - Traditional Street Diagram Figure 7.05 - Complete Street Diagram Figure 7.06 - Traditional Curb Diagram Figure 7.07 - Curb Expansion Diagram Dunham-Jones, E., and J. Williamson. Retrofitting suburbia, urban design solutions for redesigning suburbs. Updated. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2013. ix,xiii,58,175. Print.

http://publicenemiescolumbus.blogspot. com/2012/05/shots-of-lake-mills-and-coming-storms. html

Margolis, Liat, and Alexander Robinson. “Living Systems - Springer.” Living Systems - Springer. Birkhauser, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.

Figure 9.1 - Smart Phone Accessible “Mindsofwisdom.com - Part 2.” Minds of Wisdom. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.

Figure 9.0 - Tour Steps http://walkyourcity.org/

Figure 5.0 - Wisconsin Drumlins Figure 5.03- Net Migration Trends in Wisconsin Figure 5.05 - Regional Drive Time Analysis Figure 7.02 - Historical Buildings of Downtown Lake Mills Figure 8.02 - Rock Lack Dam Structure Figure 8.03 - Site Inventory Map, Phase One Figure 8.05 Rock Creek Figure 8.06 - Old Shoe Factory (on left) Figure 8.07- Box Culvert Figure 8.08 - Site Inventory Map, Phase TWO Figure 8.09 A- Site Before Figure 8.09B - Site During Figure 8.09C - Site After Figure 8.1 - Site Analysis Legend Figure 8.12- Site Analysis Map Figure 8.13 - Conceptual Site Map Figure 9.02 - Heritage Landmark Tour Route Map Figure 9.03 - Points of Interest Figure 9.04 - Tour Structure Diagram Figure 9.05 - Tour Trunk Corridor Section Figure 9.06 - Landmark Perspective - Fargo Public Library Figure 9.07 - Section A-A1 Figure 9.07 - Site Plan Figure 9.08 - Site Perspective Figure 9.1 - Section B-B1 Figure 9.12 - Rocking Chair Perspecrtive Figure 9.13 - Rocking Chair Detail by Kyle J. Mills

Figure 9.14 - Rocking Chair Assembley Figure 9.15 - Stormwater Model Figure 9.16 - Section C-C1 Figure 9.17 - Cut/Fill Diagram Figure 9.18 - Plant Schematic Figure 10.0 - Gabion Wall Detail Figure 10.2 - Stormwater Table by Kyle J. Mills Figure 9.0 - Tour Steps http://walkyourcity.org/ Figure 9.1 - Smart Phone Accessible â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mindsofwisdom.com - Part 2.â&#x20AC;? Minds of Wisdom. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. Figure 9.09 - Floating Treatment Wetland Diagram http://tcwp.tamu.edu/floating-wetland-islands/ http://cmaquatic.com/index.php Figure 9.18 - Plant Color & Texture, various stock photos Figure 10.3 - Plant Mix Specifications, Agrecol, http://www.agrecol.com/

LITERARY REFERENCES: Murphy, Michael D. Landscape Architecture Theory: An Evolving Body of Thought. Long Grove, IL: Waveland, 2005. Print. Knox, Paul L., and Sallie A. Marston. Places and Regions in Global Context: Human Geography. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, 2007. Print. Stipe, Robert E., ed. A Richer Heritage: Historic Preservation in the 21st Century. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina, 2003. Print. Gies, Erica. “The Health Benefits of Parks: How Parks Help Keep Americans and Their Communities Fit and Healthy.” The Trust for Public Land (2006). Accessed September 22, 2013. Han, Ke-Tsung. “A reliable and valid self-rating measure of the restorative quality of natural environments.” Landscape and Urban Planning 64 (2003): 209-233. Accessed September 15, 2013. doi: 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00241-4 Jackson, Laura E. “The relationship of urban design to human health and condition.” Landscape and Urban Planning 64 (2003): 191-200. Accessed September 15, 2013. PII: S0169-2046(02)00230-x

Stigsdotter, Ulrika Karlsson, and Patrik Grahn. “Stressed individuals’ preferences for activities and the environmental characteristics in green spaces.” Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 10 (2011): 295-304. Accessed October 1, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2011.07.001 Thompson, Catharine Ward. “Linking landscape and health: The recurring theme.” Landscape and Urban Planning 99 (2011): 187-195. Accessed September 15, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.10.006 van den Berg, Agnes E., Jolanda Maas, Robert A. Verheij, and Peter P. Groenewegen. “Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health.” Social Science & Medicine 70 (2010): 1203-1210. Accessed September 10, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.002 Younger, Margalit, Heather R. Morrow-Almeida, Stephen M. Vindigni, and Andrew L. Dannenberg. “The Built Environment, Climate Change, and Health: Opportunities for Co- Benefits.” American Journal of Preventative Medicine Vol 35, No. 5 (2008); 517-526. Accessed September 15, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j. amepre.2008.08.017

92 KYLE JAMES MILLS

BS in Landscape Architecture