Kylie Yap_Portfolio | Selected Works 2017-21 by kylieyappp

KYLIE YAP Portfolio | Selected Works

PORTFOLIO Architectural Works by Kylie Yap Selected Works 2017-2021

CONTENTS

The portfolio contains a selection of design work completed whilst pursing my RIBA Part I, MA (Hons) Architecture, at the University of Edinburgh as well as self-initiated architectural competitions projects. The projects were selected to highlight the range of scale, explorations and design approaches during my architectural journey. Presented within the portfolio are exploration of time, space, socialcultural awareness, tectonics and sustainability.

BUILDING-IN-TIME

GASTRO MARKET: IDROSCALO COMMUNITY CENTRE

Academic: Architectural Explorations | Edinburgh, UK

Competition: A Community Hub on the River | Pavia, Italy

RE-IMAGINING CORSTORPHINE

PUBLIC LIBRARY OF VALENCIA

GRID SCHOOL

OTHER WORKS

Academic: Architectural Tectonics | Edinburgh, UK

Academic: Architectural Design | Valencia, Spain

Competition: Rural School in Haiti | Haiti, Africa

Sketches, drawings, reports and models

01 BUILDING-IN-TIME Women’s Library within Edinburgh Central Library Architectural Explorations | Academic Work, Year 3 Project Type: Research and Explorations, Adaptive Re-use Location: Edinburgh Central Library, Edinburgh, UK

The unit focuses on thinking about time in architectural production with explorations of historical and theoretical approaches to ‘building-in-time’, alteration, adaptation and re-purposing practice. It follows a premise that buildings are moving objects, a manifestation of ‘building-in-time’ yet also conceived as being ‘out of time’ in modern architectural design practice. Following a series of ‘building events’ (alterations, interventions, decisions) of the Edinburgh Central Library, the process of making and unmaking becomes the lead proposition to rethink contemporary public realms and to augment civic spaces. The exploration began with a collation of a series of findings from site visits and archival documents. As a group of two we put together a measured survey of the reference room in the form of written text and digital modelling to regenerate ‘concealed’ spaces which aided in further explorations. It raised questions of materials choices and motives behind organisation of spaces, informing the flows and frictions of labour, power, finance, civic culture and ideal at the time. Informed by the findings, the unit concludes with an intervention to the exisitng building which required thoughtful consideration of the integrity of the space. The investigation of inequality in architecture has further deepened my understanding of the relationship between people and the built environment, highlighting the importance of the role of the architect in society and the significance of accounting for social factors.

The Royal Mile

Edinburgh Central Library

National Library of Scotland

South College, University of Edinburgh

National Musuem of Scotland

Location plan; Historically significant buildings in proximity to Edinburgh Central Library

Revealed “The reference room situated on the top floor, is a grand space which houses books for referencing. Sitting beneath the the central dome, tables aligned uniformly provides abundant places for the public. The public is surrounded by bays of books with large windows from each bay, bringing light into the space.”

Unfolded elevation drawing, reference room, 2019 (left) Composite drawing, reference room, 2019 (right)

Concealed “The passage behind conceals the world of the librarian. Although tight in space, it provides a sort of comfort away from the main space. Voids from the galleries above light up the small and dark space. Revealed only partially through the lower shelves the work of the librarian is concealed, hidden from public view. Views through the large windows from the galleries are only accessible by the librarian.” “The concealed world above - A small door, blending in with the craftsmanship of the bookcases, leads to a hidden passage. Accessible only by staff, the concealed passage is lined with shelves of books. Small openings on the bottom of some bookshelves partially reveals the hidden world beyond the main reference space.” “The concealed world beyond - The galleries within the reference room, installed on all four sides, is only accessible by the staff. Entered through a concealed doors within the corner columns, the galleries above houses additional books sitting by large windows with views towards the city. Perforated mezzanines provide partial views to the main level. The galleries have access to all bays”

Part I Revelaing Concealment

Enclosed by a central dome, the reference room is a grand space which houses books for referencing. Being a space of high significance, it situated itself on the highest floor of the library - creating a journey from the main entrance. The focus centred around the theme of concealment within the reference room. Exploring into the private world of the librarian within the space and identifying elements that aid the concealment of these spaces from the public. Behind the grand facade of the reference room lies the intimate hidden world of the librarian. 9

2 3

The Discovery 1. new bookshelf on the examined northern bay of the reference room 2. internal view of the main door of the reference room 3. main entrance into the reference room with elaborate timber detailing 4. view from the outside of the reference room, showing a wall behind the newly added bookcase. A door frame, similar to the reference room door entrance.

Composite Section; Womens’ reading room, reference room, 1860 12

“The reference room situated on the top floor, is a grand space which houses books for referencing. Sitting beneath the central dome, tables aligned uniformly provides abundant places for the public. The public is surrounded by bays of books with large windows from each bay, bringing light into the space. The reference room showed a mixed use of material ranging from cast iron timber. Curved details on the railings and the corners of the galleries provides a softness to the rigidity of the bookshelves, unified across all sides of the room. Collecting measurements of the dimensions of a particular bay and the galleries including every fittings and details. Aimed to translate the experience of the spaces into drawings.”

“Fixtures and fittings - there are different treatment in the design of the bookcases. Bookcases which only holds books to bookcases which have acts as doors.”

Part II Gender Segregation

This part of the study focus on the elements such as furnitures, screens, partitions and doors to connect and disconnect male and female users within the reference room. Survey of the female section of the library raises the question whether women were treated unequally or with privilege. There were also questions regarding the information (books) provided and the role of women during the time.

Digital regeneration of the former women’s section (top) Elements used to control degree of privacy (bottom left) Plan and diagram, Women’s section 1860 (bottom right)

The exploration of the theme of gender/spatial separation had made me question about the inclusiveness of the library, especially the reference room. The reference room, one of the most prioritised space in the library, separated into a men’s and women’s space, disregards people with disabilities, parents with, the non-gendered. 13

An intervention; Sectional isometric, Edinburgh Women’s Collections

Part III A Proposition site section (top left), internal perspectives (top right), plans (bottom left), concept diagrams (botttom right)

The proposal seeks to redesign the former women’s section to create a space which blurs inequality between genders and the private a public. A timber volume inserted into the space which houses the women’s of Edinburgh collection; preserving original architectural features. Through identifying historically significant features within the former women’s section of the reference room, public reading spaces with different degrees of privacy were formed as a reference to the former use of the space. The proposal relocates the entrance to the reference room to the former men’s entrance which would provide better accessibility but also provides a meaning for women to enter from the former men’s entrance. 15

02 GASTRO MARKET: IDROSCALO COMMUNITY CENTRE A Community Hub on the River Architectural Competition by Terraviva Competition 2021 Project Type: Adaptive Reuse Location: Pavia, Italy

Gastronomy, or food in general, is something that never goes out of trend; it is a necessity, and in many countries, a part of its cultural identity. The proposal is the city’s reclamation of the abandoned Idroscalo into a community centre with a marketplace, farm & food education centre that allows visitors to experience and learn about the food chain from production all the way to consumption. This new programme brings people together regardless of their age group, gender identity, classes, locals or tourists. The marketplace consists of food stalls and a farmers market. Both permanent stalls and temporary (adaptable) ones are available, offering retail opportunities for local food entrepreneurs, especially those who are just starting. Rent would be collected from the permanent food stalls to fund public functions that would be perfectly hosted by the new building. The temporary stalls would have a lower rent, and tenants may upgrade to permanent food stalls or choose to move out once they are more established. The farmers market encourages locals to sell their produce, hence improving the local economy. Taking advantage of the site, food production exhibited is based on hydroponics technology: namely floating wetlands and vertical farming. The floating wetlands allow for re-mediation of contaminated river water, whilst the latter offers a plan to handle future food demands. Visitors are able to not only learn about this technology, but also to observe the behindthe-scenes process of planting, harvesting, cleaning, and distribution of selected crops.

Visualisation of approach to Gastro Market

connectors

grow lights

plant slots

coir pallets

pheasant netting

water reservoir

anchors wooden battens

native and commonly used vegetables/herbs unperforated subsoil pipe ﬂowering blue ﬂag iris

ﬂowering rush

yellow lily

water lotus

watercress

elderberry

swamp milkweed

pickerelweed

watercress

spring onions

cima di rapa

lettuce

chard

spinach

basil

urugula

cavolo nero

edible

medicinal purple loostrife

THE SPLIT / CENTRAL STREET

EXTENDING OUTWARDS

SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT

Programme and Conceptualisaion Conversion of a disused building into a community hub and educational centre which incorporates various urban farms. The axonometric illustrates the structural build up where the old meets the new(top), Concept Diagrams indicating key illustrates key new interventions to the existing building (bottom) 18

VOLUMETRIC INSERTION

Mezzanine Level 17 18 19 20

Vertical circulation Co-working space Social space Exhibition space

18 17

Ground Floor 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Central street Entrance to indoor urban farm Entrance to marketplace Marketplace Cafe W.C. (public) Storage / staff Cafe seatings Outdoor marketplace Outdoor seatings Decking Indoor farm Laboratory W.C. (staff) Pier/ Harvesting deck Floating wetlands

11 10 5

15 13 2

7 6

12 3

4 14

Spatial Arrangement and Massing The building is divided into two, based on function, to create a central street, making an active connection the river. The cut was taken at an angle to create a positive pressure point towards the river. The street then acts as a threshold space between urban farm block and the marketplace as well as between the pedestrian street and the river. Internally are strategically arranged based on degree of privacy and noise frequency. 19

Visualisations Shaded outdoor marketplaces (top), Indoor marketplace and community cafe (bottom)

Visualisations Education centre overlooking Hydroponics centre (top), Multipurpose space for co-working and community gatherings (bottom)

03 RE-IMAGINING CORSTORPHINE No Blank Slate: A Cultural Centre & Workspace with Co-housing for Artists. Architectural Tectonics| Academic Work, Year 4 Project Type: Adaptive-Reuse Location: Corstorphine, Edinburgh, UK

Working with a building that has recently been granted complete demolition by the council, the proposal challenges that descision by repurposing the existing structure into high-quality buildings that are not only functional and sustainable but innovative, comfortable and aesthetically pleasing. The project is a redevelopment of 37 Corstorphine Road to provide a space for community activities. The scheme includes the adaptation of the existing Victorian villa on the site into a Cultural Centre and the addition of a grazed south extension. A new structure sits on the east of the site, housing the Artist workspace and co-living space. The programme seeks to dilute the barriers to art engagement, providing opportunities of art engagement and creative skills to the local community of Murrayfield. The proposal seeks to utlise the site as a threshold between the Water of Leith and Corstorphine Road by using the site as a mean of connection and introducing a public programme alongside a co-living housing scheme. The idea of “No Blank Slate” seeks to promote intervention of exisiting structures as the first step of architectural design propositions; by inserting a contemporary programme to a historic building. Through conducting intensive surveys and building stories, the project reveals potentials of existing structures. Considering circular design, material selection and desiging for deconstruction remained as the main tectonic agenda. Working with an existing structure required an intensive research on typos, topos and tectonics. Thus, the course has vastly strengthening my researching and critical thinking skills. Towards the end of the course, my perspective on materials have change drastically. By understanding the origins and social implication of the manufacture of building materials, I am now more conscious of the selection of building materials. Thr design proposal was developed in conjunction with the Edinburgh Design Guidance, which have provided insights contextual design and the possible impacts of architects’ design decision.

Site Plan, Corstorphine Cultural Centre & Co-housing for Artists, Edinburgh

CERAMIC KITCHEN TILE Present Location Year + Place of Origins Manufacturer Number of Components Condition Age Appearance Attachment Chemical Composition

Second Floor, Glazbury Road, West Kensington Unknown British Ceramic Tiles 1 No signs of wear and tear / in-use Unknown Textured and glazed, varying colours Splashback / Tile adhesive Clay, Feldspar, Sand, Water

Mining

Stockpiling

Mixing and Grinding

Filter Pressing

Crushing

DISASSEMBLY / DECONSTRUCTION Weight (kg) Dimension (mm) Ease Method

Grinding

0.13 100 x 100 x 7 Relatively easy / Hand-held tools 1. Using a grout rake, chisel out the grout 2. Pry out the tile using a screwdriver

1999 marks the closure of the underground clay mines. Majority of domestic ball clay are now mined by open-pit methods. Extraction of ball clay involves a variety of equipment such as draglines, power shovels, front-end loaders, backhoes, scraper-loaders, and shale planers.

Mixing

REUSE Methods for Reconditioning / Repair

Removing mortar from tile: 1. Lay tiles face side down 2. Scrape across the tile back with a putty knife 3. Soak sponge in mineral spirit 4. Apply to mortar on the back 5. Rest for 2-3 minutes for mortar to dissolve 6. Scrape the mortar to remove excess mortar 7. Rinse tile with water to remove residual cleaner

Reuse/ Recycling and Up-cycling options

1. Wall Covering and decoration 2. Free standing walls 3. Permeable façades 4. Flooring

Forming

Air floatation

Spray Drying

Slurring Pulverising

Packaging

Drying

Glazing

1. 2. 3. 4. Ceramic Tile

Firing

MANUFACTURING

Stored in drying sheds to reduce moisture content. Clay is then shredded into smaller pieces in a disintegrator. Shredded clay is then either ground or dried in a hammer mill. Once it exits the hammer mill, it is mixed with water to form a slurry or pulverised for bulk shipping

PROCESSING

CHUDLEIGH KINGHTON CLAY WORKS

The arrival of Delft potters in England was the driving force behind the English pottery industry and clay trade. Since the mid-18th century, ball clay industry has been the major source of employment for Devon. Generations of families worked in the clay mines of Devon. Likewise to all mining operations, the working conditions in the clay pits were dangerous. Clay workers striked for higher pay and formation of trade unions. BRITISH CERAMIC TILES

Since the 20th century, the merge of major companies within the industry acquisition by foreign ownership resulted in large scale loss of jobs.

Originally, clay was transported from the pits to the ports by horses. Cellars were built by the quays and transported directly by sailing vessels to Teignmouth harbour as a response to the implication of transporting by horses.

STOVER CLAY WORKS

SIBELCO, EAST GOLD

Eventual rise in motor transport reduces most traffics on canals which led to closure of Hackney and Stover Canals - leaving subsequent structures in ruin.

RINGSLADE CLAY WORKS

Though clay companies have over the years, become more environmentally friendly from public pressure, Expansion of clay pits and associated industries have left its mark on the landscape of Devon. The clay pits and surface waste are very visible in the landscape.

Few quarries are still active in Devon while some are left disused or rehabilitated. Decoy Country Park is an example of an attempt to rehabilitate disused clay pits. Ball clay was quarried in Decoy from1850 until 1965.

Trajectory drawing and a map of the journey of the clay tile

Excavators and dump trucks selectively remove and sort out individual grades of clay - Waste remains on site. Clay is then transported by trucks to storage and subsequent facilities. Though clay waste does not pose a significant issue as by-products of sand are sold as aggregates to the construction industry, it disfigures the local landscape when not properly managed.

DEVON & COURTENAY CLAY WORKS

EXTRACTION

Observation The tiles are attached onto parts of the kitchen wall. From observation, stainless steel is used in conjunction with the tiles to function as splashback. Stainless steel is placed directly perpendicular to the stove, tiles are placed next it. It is evident that the stainless-steel function as the main protection from grease spills. The ceramic tiles can be thought to function as a decorative feature. Context “Tile” lives in the upper flat of a Victorian home in West Kensington. The residential developments of west Kensington were initially intended to be built for the lower middle classes, but by 1920s parts of the district has been known to be for the working class. On present day, the area is home to a mix of classes as well as students from Imperial College London. Manufacture clay is first extracted from the ground, which then requires a series of processing. It is then transported to the tile factory to be manufactured into clay tiles. Social Implications since the mid-18th century and prior to the closure of clay pits, ball clay industry has been the major source of employment for Devon. Environmental Implications By-products of clay extraction remains on site. Though it does not pose a significant issue as by-products of sand are sold as aggregates to the construction industry, it disfigures the local landscape when not properly managed.

Component Biograpgy: A Clay Tile’s Story The research of a building component to create a biography of the object, looking beyond conventional material properties and specification data. A clay tile was chosen for this research. The trajectory drawing aims to reveal the journey of the clay tile and attempts to shed light on the out-ofsight histories and implications of its production. Location of clay tile (top left), Profile of clay tile (bottom left)

Site Survey CONNECTIVITY Corstorphine Road on north edge of the site provides vehicular access to the site while The Walkway on the north edge of the side functions as the main pedestrian access to the site. The site is well connected to public transportation. The site is located in a residential area surrounded by a variety of leisure facilities. EDGE CONDITIONS The site is currently closed off by stone and flood barrier walls. The 2 meter high stone wall on the south boundary creates a physical and visual barrier to the street and the local community. WATER Water of Leith runs along the south boundary, making the site prone to flooding. The site has a history of being flooded. 1.3m high flood barriers exist along the river as a prevention measure. Water flooding study (left), Connectivity diagram (top), Site plan and section (bottom)

Evolving forms of the villa; activities within.

1852

1890-4

1990-10

1930-40

1960

Building Stories: Debate for Demolition and Evolving Forms The analysis of the support and objections to demolition of the villa to construct new apartment informed the new programme. Supports for the demolition of the villa to make way for new apartments which highlighted that new housing would be an effective use of land. The multiple alterations and extensions during the course of its life remains the main argument for its demolition as it is deemed to reduce the architectural value of the Victorian villa. However, the evolving forms is a reflection of he change of use overtime - a natural growth. The extensions represent signs of use and how the villa wanted to be occupied. Survey of the support and objection for demolition of the villa (top), Evolution in plan: an analysis of historical maps (bottom)

Building Survey Mapping of the existing components indicates the components and types of structural systems within the villa. This study provides an understanding for the structural and non-structural components and its location. Thus, aiding in the reuse strategy for the villa. Component catalogue (left), Material library (right)

Cultural Centre

Co-living Housing

Art Studios

Co-living Housing

Art Studios

Cultural Centre

Conserved Biodiversity Area

Art Studios

Cultural Centre

Conserved Biodiversity Area

Site Strategies and Spatial Organisation Programme diagram (top), Access and circulation diagram (bottom left), Zoning diagram (bottom right)

Form and Spatial Organisation Height and form diagram (top), Public and private diagram (mid), Theshold spaces diagram (bottom)

3 8

1 3

6 11

Ground Floor Plan, Corstorphine Cultural Centre & Co-housing for Artists, Edinburgh

16 9

12 13

Cultural Centre 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Main Entrance to Community Centre Central Vestibule Exhibition Space Cafe Public Outdoor Seating Library Reading Room Back of House

Art Studios and Co-housing 9 Main Entrance to Housing and Art Studio 10 Flexible Workspace / Exhibition / Workshop Space 11 Pantry 12 Communal Space 13 Nooks 14 Dining Room 15 Kitchen 16 Storage / Laundry Space 17 Private Outdoor Space 18 Private Gardens

5 Section A-A

Detail AA

Site Section

First Floor Plan, Corstorphine Cultural Centre & Co-housing for Artists, Edinburgh

Upper Floor Plan, Corstorphine Cultural Centre & Co-housing for Artists, Edinburgh

Cultural Centre Section A-A 1 2 3 4 5 6 38

Exhibition Spaces Service Core Reading Space South Facing Cafe Public Outdoor Space Conserved Biodiversity Area

Detail CC

Adaptation Construction

Detail BB

Roof Construction Existing Roof Slates Existing Timber Roof Structure Damp Proof Membrane Rigid Woodfibre Insulation 200mm Vapour Control Layer Playwood 12mm

Intermediate Floor Construction Timber Floor Board 21mm Timber Studs, Thermafleece 60mm Cross Laminated Timber 200mm

Wall Construction Cross Laminated Timber 60mm Vapour Control Layer Rigid Woodfibre Insulation 100mm Damp Proof Membrane Plasterboard 12mm Existing Masonry Wall ~500mm Existing Concrete Footing

Extension Construction 4

New Floor Construction Timber Floor Board 21mm Timber Studs, Thermafleece 60mm Cross Laminated Timber 200mm Vapour Control Layer Rigid Woodfibre Insulation 200mm Damp Proof Membrane Sand blinding 50mm Concrete Pad Foundations on Hardcore

Intermediate Floor Construction Zinc Cladding Damp Proof Membrane Rigid Woodfibre Insulation 200mm Vapour Control Layer Plywood 12mm Exposed Glulam Frame 140x280mm

Detailed Drawing of Connections Detail AA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Zinc Cladding Damp Proof Membrane 12mm Plywood 140x280mm Glulam Beam 12mm Fibreboard, Slip surface Steel Angle Resin Anchor Bolt 150mm Self-tapping Screws 50mm Slotted Hole 200mm Cross Laminated Timber Timber Shelving

Detailed Drawing of Connections Detail BB

Extension Construction 1

Glulam Frame Structure Glulam Columns 140x280mm Metal Knife Plate Concrete Pad Foundations

Intermediate Floor Construction Timber Floor Board 21mm Timber Studs, Thermafleece 60mm Prefabricated Concrete Floor Slab 200mm Vapour Control Layer Rigid Woodfibre Insulation 200mm Damp Proof Membrane Sand blinding 50mm Concrete Pad Foundations on Hardcore

Detail DD

Detailed Drawing of Connections Detail CC

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

140x180mm Glulam Column Metal Knife Plate Pad Foundation 200mm Prefabricated Concrete Floor Slab Existing Masonry Wall Steel Angle 12mm Fibreboard, Slip surface Anchor Bolt 50mm Slotted Hole Resin

Detailed Drawing of Connections Detail DD

Existing foundations New foundations

12mm fibreboard Steel angle

50mm slotted hole Anchor tie

Resin

Settlement of new structure

Slotted hole allow movement up to 50mm

Material Technology The retained facade functions as a non-load bearing element to protect its integrity. New foundations are added to support the CLT structure and placed 500mm away from the existing foundations to prevent constructional disturbance and loads of new structure. The internal structure is designed so that the CLT floor slabs cantilevers off the CLT core and connects to the facade, reducing the amount of foundations required. Interface between CLT structure and facade are detailed to account for differential settlement of foundations to prevent structural damage to the facade during settlement. A slotted hole in the vertical leg of the steel angles accommodates movement of the new structure of up to 50mm. 12mm fibreboard between the facade and CLT structure provides a slip surface, creating a gap between the structure which protects the facade from damage during settlement. Deconstruction and construction sequence of the Cultural Centre (left), Location of new and old foundations (top), Design of connection (mid), Settlement of new structure (bottom) 45

Co-housing Section B-B 1 2 3 4 5 6

Private Garden Private Outdoor Space South-facing Nook Communal Living Space Vertical Circulation First Floor Horizontal Circulation 7 En-suite Room 8 Stairs to Loft Level 9 Under-stair Storage 10 Private Study 46

Detail EE

Detail FF

Wall Construction Cross Laminated Timber 200mm Vapour Control Layer Rigid Woodfibre Insulation 200mm Damp Proof Membrane Vertical Timber Battens 35mm Horizontal Timber Battens 35mm Vertical Scottish Larch Cladding 25mm

Intermediate Floor Construction Timber Floor Board 21mm Timber Studs, Thermafleece 60mm Cross Laminated Timber 200mm

Double Glazing in Timber Frame

Floor Construction Timber Floor Board 21mm Timber Studs, Thermafleece 60mm Concrete Floor Slab 200mm Vapour Control Layer Rigid Woodfibre Insulation 200mm Damp proof membrane Sand blinding 50mm Concrete Strip Foundation on Hardcore

External Timber Decking

Detailed Drawing of Connections Detail EE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

300mm Self-tapping Screws 4mm Screws, Metal Bracket Damp Proof Membrane Timber Window Frame 200x400mm Cross Laminated Timber 24mm Double Glazing Aluminium Window Frame Metal Flashing 200mm Tight Fit Dowels & 150mm Anchor Bolts on Metal Plate External Timber Decking on 150mm Concrete Pad Foundation

Detailed Drawing of Connections Detail FF

01 Butterfly roof directs rainwater towards the gutter in the centre, keeps water away from the retained facade 02 Retained masonry wall as thermal mass 03 Concrete floor slabs as thermal mass 04 Operable windows for ventilation 05 Mezzanine allows north light from existing opening to light the ground floor exhibition space 06 Timber louvre system as shading

Environmental Strategies

Environmental strategy of adapted cultural centre (top) 50

The decision to remove the internal structure of the villa which includes the insulation raises issues regarding thermal comfort. The project features a glazed extension on the south to passively heat the cultural centre, utilising the masonry facade as a thermal mass, absorb and store heat. 200mm concrete floor slabs were also chosen to enhance the thermal performance. Entrances to the extension allow for ventilation to the conservatory during warmer seasons. Timber louvre systems are also installed on the south facade to prevent overheating during warmer seasons. The system also allows for sufficient daylight to enter the space while preserving a degree of privacy for spaces such as the reading room on the west. 51

Retained Roof Slates Timber Structure

New Roof Envelope Zinc Cladding Rigid Woodfibre Insulation

New Internal Structure Cross Laminated Timber Core and Floors Cross Laminated Stairs

Retained Facade Masonry

New Extension Structural System Glulam Columns and Beams

New Extension Envelope Double Glazed Panels Timber Louvre System

Structural System: Facade Retention Facade retention poses multiple challenges to the design of the new cultural centre. The closed arrangement of the existing structure requires reconfiguration of the internal space to fit the new programme. Thus, requiring new foundation to support the internal structure. The logistical issue would be the time required for the realisation of the project, thus understanding of construction sequence is crucial. Low carbon footprint, highly prefabricated materials were chosen to reduce on-site construction time and reap the benefits of reduce construction. Panelised construction of Cross Laminated Timber allow floor slabs to cantilever off the central core, minimising the volume of foundations. Exploded Structural Axonometric, Cultural Centre (left)

Skin Rigid Woodfibre Insulation Damp Proof Membrane Vertical Timber Battens Horizontal Timber Battens

roof structure

first floor

Structural System ground floor

Cross Laminated Timber Cellular Structure Panellised Construction

Structural System: Panellised Construction The new structure utilises 200mm Cross laminated timber panels as wall, floor, roof and stairs. 200mm thickness was chosen to further enhance the load bearing capacity and resistance of buckling. It is a closed panellised construction. Thus, the building was designed on a 2200x2200mm structural grid to ensure structural stability. The CLT walls are load-bearing. The cross arrangement give CLT a high dual-xial and flexural load capacity. The use of CLT panels for the pitched roof allowed for a column free space beneath, enabling the design to utilise this space for the loft. CLT can span up to 8 meter, meaning more open spaces could still be archived. Exploded Structural Axonometric, Co-housing for Artist (left)

04 PUBLIC LIBRARY OF VALENCIA A Library by the Marina Architectural Design | Academic Work, Year 2 Project Type: New build Location: El Cabanyal, Valencia, Spain

The project calls for the design of a public library of medium-size and complexity for your allocated site in El Cabanyal (Valencia). The Public Library of Valencia sits on the marina in Valencia, between the Green belt of Valencia and the sea. Functioning as a civic space to reconnect the population to the marina. The scheme anchored on a strong an understanding of the social and cultural conditions, an approach to ensure the appropriateness and sustainability of the library in its context. The services of the library extends beyond the built form, public courtyards and streets formed around the library provide an avenue for cultural arts, social interaction and leisure. Siting in Valencia, the project presents the opportunity to investigate the environmental conditions, social and cultural context of the coastal city . The understanding the local lifestyle and the meaning of a ‘library’ to the community has informed the selection of material, form, and programme of the Public Library of Valencia; by designing a public-facing programme with a carefully crafted outdoor spaces

Location plan, Public Library of Valencia, El Cabanyal, Valencia.

Sectional axonometric of Munster City Library (left) Exploded axonometric of a reading space in Munster City Library (right) 58

Precedent Study: Munster City Library Axonometric drawings of the key spaces within the library in different scales. The study of the relationship between public blocks of the library and the connection between the lane and the buildings is done through drawing and analysing the building in section with sectional models and drawings to understand the relationship between spaces. The precedent study later informs the typology and form of the design of the library. 59

Sectional model at 1:100 of the shaded external space (top) Massing model at 1:500 of the library in context (bottom)

Spatially, library is divided into a public and private block which separate the more private reading libraries from the more public activities to minimise distractions for the library users while allowing public functions to ﬂow freely. The private block would sit on the south, overlooking the sea. The public block would face the pedestrian street on the north, ease of access by the community.

The form of the library creates outdoor courtyards which serves as gathering space which resonate with Spanish culture. Gridded timber frames function as shades as well as accentuates the entrance to the library. The connection between the outdoor spaces forms a smooth transition which guides its users from the green belt to the marina. The library aligns with the adjacent warehouses built for the 2007 America’s cup to enhance its relationship to the existing surrounding buildings.

Conceptualisation and Typology A series of hand sketched/digital diagrams and maquettes of the site stratergies, form and spatial organisation both sectionally and in plan.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Materially, the library is primarily constructed on site from concrete to reﬂect the industrial history of the marina. Timber panels and frame provides a warm accents to the exterior whilst functioning as internal and external shading from soaring Valencia sun.

Internally, the reading room and bookstacks are stacked on top of one another. Readings spaces are located adjacent the bookstacks for ease of circulation. Glazing provide efficient amount of natural lighting for reading. Voids were used extensively to form vertical connections and bring in daylight.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Axonometric; Site Section Exploded axonometric of reading space (top); Site section (bottom)

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

3 2 1

Plans

First floor plan (1), Second floor plan (2), Third floor plan (3), Site plan (4)

63 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Visualisations; Physical Model Vertical circulation sectioned off trom the main reading spaces to control noise frequency (top); Double height reading spaces for thermal comfort (bottom left); Stacked connection between levels (bottom right)

Visualisations; Physical Model Well llit and controlled reading spaces across all floors through use of double-height glazing and rooflights (top); Voids as visual connection between levels (bottom left); Double-height reading rooms (bottom right)

05 GRID SCHOOL Rural School in Haiti Architectural Competition by ArchSharing 2018 | Finalist Project Type: New Build Location: Haiti, Africa

The competition is in partnership with the humanitarian association TECHO Haiti, the construction of a rural school for the TE NWA community. The proposal calls for a solution to counter social, constructive and economic challenges while proposing solutions that improve educational conditions. The school will include 7 levels of classes and will benefit more than 50 children in the community. Based on concerns around the long-term benefits to the local community, we have identified one key challenge faced by rural Haitian students - a shortage of qualified teachers and negative consequences such as inefficiency in education as students of different levels are often taught in the same classroom. The GRID school acts as a prototype to investigate how classroom design relates to academic achievements, in search of a better way to educate rural Haitian children as we cope with the challenge of a shortage in teachers and complications as a result of the trend in temporary volunteers. The GRID school features a timber modular structure, articulated by clear circulation routes through the school. It aims to provide a flexible learning environment, to improve quality of education for children across ages. Environmental and social sustainability are considered in the design process and highlighted in the classroom design and climate strategy.

Structual Axonometric of Entire Scheme

External courtyard visualisations

Plan of entire scheme

Private

Semi public

Public

Structures

Spaces

Connections

Courtyards

Boundary

Permeability

Programme and Conceptualisaion To address the issue of teacher shortage since the 2010 earthquake, classrooms feature bamboo blinds to divide the classrooms into 3 zones to allow for teaching of multiple age groups at the same time; a collaborative learning zone, quite individual study spaces and reading area. Wide corridors allow classes to extend outside the walls, encouraging students to take learning outside classrooms. 1500mm perforated boundary walls define the school campus but present a welcoming image to the school. Courtyards of various functions and degrees of privacy provide a balance between outdoor and indoor learning. With the intention to give back to the community, the most public courtyard may be used as a marketplace during weekends. The school aims to be a place for social gathering and economic activities, which potentially boost the sustainability profile of the project. 68

Visualisation of common area

Cross section through classroom and threshold space

Social & Environmental Sustainability MATERIALS Standard sizes of timber used throughout construction. Modular materials and design allows for easy understanding, management, and construction for the community and volunteers involved in the construction process. Timber waste during construction to be re-cycled into fittings for outdoor playhouse, furnitures and fittings. CLIMATE STRATEGY Classrooms are places adjacent to courtyards with access to natural light, minimising use of electricity. Overheating is prevented by the use of corridors as shading to reduce direct sunlight into the classrooms. Angled roof allow for cross-ventilation and rain water collection. THERMAL COMFORT Thick concrete foundations and brick walls with high thermal mass aids in retaining cold temperatures during the night to cool classrooms during the day. 69

07 OTHER WORKS Selected Work 2017-21 Sketches, Drawings, Models, and Reports

This section of the portfolio is a selection of work that was done during my time at university, ranging from hand sketches/models to formal reports.

Site Model, Public Library of Valencia

Handmade Physical Models & Maquettes Y1S2 House for a Baker (top), Y1S2 Stone Bathhouse (bottom left), Y1S1 Frame and Canopy (bottom right)

Hand Sketches Interior sketch of Main Library at University of Edinburgh (top left), Exterior sketch of Main Library at University of Edinburgh (top right), Facade of Adam House (bottom left), Royal Mile (bottom right)

Introduction / Project Brief

DISTILLERY PRODUCTION

VISITORS EXPERIENCE

COMMUNITY

PROJECT BRIEF

Since closure of the last Single Malt Whisky Distillery in the 1920s, Newmark Ltd saw the opportunity to resurrect single malt distilling - bringing back a significant piece of the city’s heritage. 7NArchitects were appointed in 2014 to develop the initial brief alongside the client. The proposal aimed to: • Create a bespoke visitor experience prioritising educational and sensory experiences. • Create a fully functional microdistillery within an urban context. • Address the origin of the building as significant remains of the city’s industrial heritage with respects to the fabric, form, and history.

PROGRAMME

Visitors Experience

Retail Space Tasting Spaces Flexible Exhibition Spaces

Distillery Production

Mash & Wash-back House Still House Staff Offices External Plant Facility

Community & Environment

Courtyard Space Flexible Function Rooms Garden & Green Space

Fig 2. Programme (Source: Authors)

Introduction / Location & Context

Fig 3. Holyrood Distillery site and surrounding context (Source: Authors)

Holyrood Park

ard

ane

’s L

St L rd’s St eona reet

LOCATION & CONTEXT

Holyrood Distillery situates itself on St Leonards Lane, on the border of Holyrood Park, with its North-West elevation facing the lane. Within its immediate context, the site is predominately surrounded by residential buildings along with some mixed-use buildings. The location benefits from the historical contexts and connectivity to the city, with public transport links and short walks to other attractions within the city centre. Pedestrian and cyclist path by the west boundary allows for local access to the site.

Holyrood Distillery Residential Buildings

Site Boundary Site Access Lothian Bus Route

Architectural Logistic Report Project brief and programme (top), Site Study (bottom)

Introduction / Understanding existing buildings

THE ENGINE SHED Long narrow ~ 53m x 7m Three-storey Masonry building

8. Fig 5. Existing buildings (Source: Authors) Fig 6. St. Leonard’s Railway (Source: Hugh Leckie and Sons) Fig 7. Refurbishment to social enterprise (Source: The Engine Shed Cafe)

UNDERSTANDING EXISTING BUILDINGS

Original Use

Fig. 5 GATEHOUSE OUTBUILDING Small ~ 8m x 5m Single-storey Masonry building (Red-sandstone)

Category B Listing Previous Alteration

Fig. 6

The site comprises of 2 separate buildings, an open area on the west and two masonry gateway columns marking the entrance to the site; the Engine Shed building on the eastern edge of the site and the outbuilding on the northern edge.

Opened in 1831, the Engine Shed was part of St Leonards Station which transported coal into the city and the terminus of Edinburgh’s first passenger railway operating between Edinburgh and Dalkeith. The Engine Shed was built for repairs and maintenance of trains. Ceasing operation in 1968, the Engine Shed building, the adjacent outbuilding and masonry gate piers gained its Grade-B listing in 1988. In the early 1990s, the building was refurbished into a Café and bakery by The Regional Council on behalf of The Engine Shed Community, which included a kitchen, café, bakery workshop, offices, and meeting rooms. During this time, its original timber internal structure was replaced by steel beams on the columns to open up the space and offer more flexibility, with cellular rooms on upper floors. The outbuilding, however, was not renovated as part of the works, but the original roof covering was replaced with corrugated sheet material.

Fig. 7

Technical Information / Legislation

THE EDINBURGH LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2016

The proposal is located in a predominately residential area. Policy HOU7 seeks to regulate inappropriate uses in residential areas. The new proposal replaces a previously similar mix use which also included food manufacturing at a modest scale. Technical assessments were carried out to ensure that there would be no materially detrimental effect on the living conditions of residents in the vicinity.

Formerly utilised as a social enterprise with employment purposes, the proposal is subjected to Policy EMP9 which encourages development for employment purposes and industrial premises in an urban area.

The proposal upholds a commercial building in employment use, generating approximately 30 jobs.

Policy ENV22 ensures that there will be no significant adverse effects for health, the environment and amenity, air, water, and soil quality. Ensuring appropriate mitigation are proposed to minimise any adverse effects.

The proposal includes mitigation to reduce impact on the residential amenity. The choice of material system for the external plant room to reduce noise pollution.

THE EDINBURGH AND SOUTHEAST SCOTLAND STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2013

10.

The proposal of converting to a distillery and visitor centre conforms by retention of manufacturing in the city and commitment to the tourist and leisure sector within the city centre.

LISTED BUILDING CONSENT

Provides a regional planning context which outlines a spatial strategy which promotes a sustainable pattern of growth to achieve a high quality and sustainable built and natural environment, providing an outstanding place to live, work and trade. The city centre is recognised as the driving force of the economy and as the major tourist and leisure destination Approval from The City of Edinburgh Council was sought by the client for change of use to a distillery as well as alterations, extensions, and repairs to the listed building which includes internal and external alterations. The project considers the regulations, Section 14(2) of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997, concerning the preservation of the building or feature of special architectural or historic interest.

Proposals to alter or extend a listed building are subjected to Policy ENV4, ensuring alterations and extensions are reasonable and will not cause unnecessary damage to the historic structures or diminish its interest as well as ensuring additional are in keeping with other parts of the building.

LEGISLATION The proposed conversion of the Engine Shed corresponds to the original design and function. The conversion to a distillery resonates with the industrial past of the Engine Shed, respecting the original function of the building. Sensitive to the original design, the external fabric of the structure of the primary cast iron and steel structure are preserved and restored. The proposed extensions are designed in a modest scale and creates a conversation with the existing structure – keeping with the original building.

To summarise, the project aims to reinstate the cultural heritage of whiskey production whilst providing substantial improvement to the existing structure and its immediate environment from greater investment and job creation. Proposed alterations and extensions are justified with no unnecessary damage to the listed structures or diminishment of its historical interest. The project realises the aims and objectives of the associated legislation.

Architectural Logistic Report Building study (top), Leglistative study (bottom)

KYLIE YAP kylieyap.zy@gmail.com