Sustainability Report 2015

Page 1

2015 ·

an alternative world of mining value to which, using the excuse of words like impurity and waste, we have until now turned a blind eye”.

SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

“We have devoted part of this Report to considering

SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2015

Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra Sc Y Ti Zr Hf Rf V Nb Ta Db Cr Mo W Sg Mn Tc Re Bh Fe Ru Os Hs Co Rh Ir Mt Ni Pd Pt Ds Cu Ag Au Rg Zn Cd Hg Cn B Al Ga In Tl Uut C Si Ge Sn Pb Fl N P As Sb Bi Uup O S Se Te Po Lv F Cl Br I At Uus He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Uu


SU S T A I N A B I L I T Y REPORT

2015



CONTENTS

Message from the

Operations

Chairman of the Board

26

04 Projects Message from the General Manager 06 Our company 08 Mission, vision and values 08 Organizational chart 10 Towards a mining industry of the future: More value for Chile 12

30 Sustainability performance 34 Economic and social aspects 36 Safety and occupational health 46 Environment 50 GRI index 56


MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

In 2015, EcoMetales’s activities continued to focus on removing arsenic from the flue dust generated by the treatment of smelters’ gas emissions, recovering copper and stabilizing the resulting waste. During the year, the company recovered over 7,000 tonnes of copper for Codelco and disposed of almost 3,000 tonnes of arsenic in the form of scorodite, a stable waste. At the same time, it also continued to explore and develop projects to expand its range of activities in line with the philosophy that inspires its activities: to treat mining waste sustainably through the recovery of the metals of value it contains, thereby contributing to protection of the environment. Together with Codelco’s El Teniente Division, EcoMetales is working on a project for a plant to treat effluent from the Caletones Smelter’s acid plants and a deposit for the final disposal of hazardous waste. The company hopes that, in 2016, Chile’s Environmental Evaluation Service will issue the corresponding permit which will be key for defining how to proceed with this project. In 2015, progress was also achieved on the feasibility engineering for the Complex Concentrates Leaching Project (PLCC) for the treatment of copper concentrates with a high level of arsenic, a problem increasingly faced by mines in northern Chile. Through this process, based on high-pressure and high-temperature oxidization, it will be possible to obtain a solution rich in copper and

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ecometales SR 2015


stable arsenic waste. The project represents an esti-

I would also like to mention a project we are devel-

mated investment of US$371 million and will have an

oping together with JRI Ingeniería, Enami and SER-

annual capacity to treat and clean 200,000 tonnes of

NAGEOMIN which aims to identify elements of value

concentrate. It should become one of the pillars of

in tailings deposits and to evaluate their recovery as

the strategy for handling and managing impurities

commercial products based on research carried out

at Codelco’s North Division when the Chuquicamata

by the Chilean-German Chamber of Commerce, Am-

Underground Mine Project starts operating.

Cham Chile, the German Natural Resources Agency and Germany’s Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources. The project requires approval by the Chilean Economy Ministry’s Strategic Investment Fund (FIE) which it is expected to obtain in 2016. The recovery of value from waste and the latter’s neutralization are a strategy that seeks to consolidate the future of the Chilean mining industry within a framework of sustainability. With the industry at one of its most critical moments, this is the time to consider alternative ways forward that enhance its productivity and transform it into an activity that minimizes its negative impacts and, at the same time, creates economic value. By drawing on the potential of the knowledge of our professionals and incorporating new processes and better technologies, we can create a virtuous circle of motivation and better jobs and, ultimately, increase the added value. I am once again pleased to be able to present to all the community this Report whose content is a source of pride for all of us who work at EcoMetales.

“The recovery of value from waste and the latter’s neutralization are a strategy that seeks to consolidate the future of the Chilean mining industry within a framework of sustainability”.

José Pesce Rosenthal

5


MESSAGE FROM THE GENERAL MANAGER

Although the mining industry is experiencing one of its most difficult cycles, there can be no doubt that there will be a mining industry in Chile for many years ahead and that the country will continue to be a leading world copper producer. Solid institutions, an attractive business climate and our country’s geology will continue to attract investment that contributes to its development. It is, however, important to discuss what we really mean by leadership. Is it synonymous with producing more? This is not a trivial question because there is a widespread belief that increased production is central for the industry’s development as was the case in the 1990s when Chile’s copper output climbed from 1.4 to 5.4 million tonnes. Setting aside the matter of whether such a leap in output is feasible in current industry conditions, the underlying questions appear to be others: Did this growth result in a qualitatively different production base? Did the country develop its own technological and financial base to support the mining industry? Have we advanced towards a cleaner and more sustainable mining industry with products and services that incorporate more added value? Do we have a solid scientific and technological base at the service of the mining industry and the rest of the economy? Do we have a smelting capacity that is world-class in terms of cost and environmental performance? Unfortunately, the answer to almost all these questions is largely negative.

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ecometales SR 2015


Although we have improved the professional and

resources intensively is to plunder and exhaust.

technical standards of our human resources, we

Sustainable value is created through the develop-

have not taken advantage of the development po-

ment of technology and knowledge.

tential associated with the enormous investment seen in the mining sector over the past 40 years. We

With these ideas in mind, we have devoted part of

have become smart buyers but have a limited ca-

this Report to considering an alternative world of

pacity to develop and apply technological solutions.

mining value to which, using the excuse of words

Examples of local technological innovations such as

like impurity and waste, we have until now turned

the Teniente Converter which, at the time, achieved

a blind eye.

international recognition have not been repeated and sadly, because we did not persevere efficiently

In developed economies, there is growing concern

along these lines, we have lost ground. Today, there

about the future supply of metals and elements of

are practically no Chilean engineering companies

other types that are crucial for advanced technolo-

and Chile is virtually absent in the export of goods

gies and are often produced almost exclusively in

and services for the mining industry. Moreover, an

countries or regions where political conflicts could

area like smelters, which is strategic for the Chilean

threaten their availability to European economies

mining industry, performs very poorly as regards

or the United States. This concern was, for example,

both productivity and the environment.

reflected in the report published by the European Commission in 2014 on Critical Raw Materials in or-

The challenge for the mining industry is to move

der to assess the outlook for their availability to EU

towards a business model that focuses on creating

member states in the context of their future eco-

sustainable value in the long term. Merely to exploit

nomic and human development. In 2015, EcoMetales participated in a meeting called by the EU to discuss best practices in the recovery of minor metals, related technological and policy challenges and potential markets. At this meeting, we had the opportunity to talk about our work on the recovery of value from smelter waste. We have pioneered this field in Chile but still have a huge challenge that we must address with an innovative mentality in order to achieve a sustainable mining industry that attaches more importance to value than volume of output. All these issues will clearly shape the mining industry of the future and EcoMetales, as a company that seeks to contribute to its environmental sustainability, must be part of them. That is why we are proud to publish our fifth consecutive annual report on our performance as regards sustainability. In the context of a year that was very challenging for the mining sector, it is particularly satisfying to be able to report what EcoMetales has done as regards the environment, our employees and our stakeholders in general.

“We have devoted part of this Report to considering an alternative world of mining value to which, using the excuse of words like impurity and waste, we have until now turned a blind eye”. Iván Valenzuela Rabí

7


OUR COMPANY Founded in 2007, EcoMetales (ECL) is a

remuneration on this account. These Commit-

subsidiary of Codelco Technologies Ltd. Its

tees are chaired by a company director and com-

predecessor, Alliance Copper, founded in 2000,

prise one or more directors or the persons they

was a joint venture between Codelco and BHP

deem appropriate.

Billiton. The Committees are instructed by the Board of The purpose of EcoMetales is to develop

Directors to provide the General Manager with

environmentally

for

advice and support on the matters for which they

the treatment of the different types of waste

were established. The General Manager is, in

generated by the mining industry, seeking to

turn, charged with administering and represent-

recover metals in order to enhance the activity’s

ing the company in all types of business and acts.

sustainable

solutions

economic viability. To this end, the company focuses on:

The General Manager and EcoMetales’s other executives receive an annual bonus based on com-

1) Services for mining projects. 2) Plant operation. 3) Marketing of products produced by the plants it operates.

pliance with targets and objectives agreed with the company’s administration. In 2015, EcoMetales processed copper flue dust and other waste from Codelco’s Chuquicamata and Ventanas smelters. The copper recovered

As established in its by-laws, EcoMetales Ltd. is

from these materials was piped as a solution

administered by a Board of Directors, compris-

(PLS) to the Chuquicamata Division.

ing six members appointed by Codelco, who do

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ecometales SR 2015

not receive remuneration on this account. No

EcoMetales’s center of operations and plants are

transactions take place between EcoMetales and

in the city of Calama in the Antofagasta Region

its directors. The Board receives support from a

while its administration and engineering team

Management Committee and a Technical Com-

are located in the city of Santiago in the Metro-

mittee whose members, similarly, do not receive

politan Region.

MISSION

VISION

To be a leader in environmental solutions for mining waste, making its treatment economically viable through the recovery of metals.

To become one of the five leading companies in the world in environmental solutions within the next five years.


ECOMETALES AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION A key part of EcoMetales’ activities is the development of technological innovations that allow it to both optimize its processes and explore new treatments through which to expand its portfolio of projects. In this context, EcoMetales has obtained three patents.

Register Patent N° 50505: Chile, 2014 “Procedure for stabilizing liquids and solid waste with high As and Sb content, comprising leaching of flue dust to obtain a current enriched in copper and As, Sb, Bi and Cd impurities, oxidizing As (III) to form As (V), adjusting the Fe (III) /As (V) ratio to between 1 and 2 and precipitating the enriched current and treated solution”.

Register Patent N° 50423: Chile, 2014. “Procedimiento para estabilizar líquidos y residuos sólidos con alto contenido de As y Sb que comprende lixiviar polvo de fundición, obteniendo corriente rica en cobre e impurezas As, Sb, Bi y Cd, oxidar As (iii) a As (v), ajustar razón Fe (iii)/As (v) entre 1-2 y someter la corriente rica y la solución ajustada a precipitación”.

Register Patent: U.S.A. 2016, (US 9279168 ) and China 2015, (CN 103906709 B). Process for recovering technical-grade molybdenum from diluted leaching solutions that contain arsenic, comprising putting the solution in contact with an anionic resin, extracting the molybdenum with a regenerating alkaline ammonia solution, adding magnesium salts and/or sulfuric acid and separating, burning and recovering the ammonia.

VALUES EcoMetales aims to develop a corporate culture characterized by: · Respect for life and people · Excellency in work · Innovation · Team work · Sustainability development 99


ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 2015

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

COMMUNICATIONS María José Luque

PRESIDENT José Pesce

GENERAL MANAGER

Octavio Araneda

Iván Valenzuela

Francisca Castro Fidel Báez Carlos Caballero Hernán Sepúlveda

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

ABOUT THIS REPORT Since 2011, EcoMetales has published an annual Sustainability Report in order to provide information about its environmental, economic and social performance between January 1 and December 31 of the corresponding year. It was prepared in accordance with the protocols of the Sustainability Reporting Guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the Mining and Metals Sector Supplement (2010). This Report includes information about the operations managed directly by EcoMetales. Under the GRI G3.1 protocols, this Report complies with Application Level B without extern verification.

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ecometales SR 2015

LEGAL ADVISOR Marcelo Olivares


PLANT MANAGER Germán Pérez PROCESS AND INNOVATION MANAGER Jorge Zúñiga PROJECTS MANAGER Orlando Fuentes ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCES MANAGER Fernando Navas SUSTAINABILITY MANAGER Pablo Medina BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER Carlos Rebolledo ASSISTANT HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGER Isabel Vallejos

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TOWARDS A MINING INDUSTRY OF THE FUTURE More value for Chile

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ecometales SR 2015


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Copper mining has played and continues to play a key role in the development of a country that is one of the world’s leading producers. Throughout its history, Chile’s copper mining industry has adhered to a business model focused on maximizing output and, as far as possible, minimizing costs. However, because copper mining has more comparative advantages in Chile than any other industry, Chileans expect much more of it than its success on international markets. Lack of information about the industry and criticism of it at home are no accident. It is perceived as being good business for the few but having negative effects on the environment and the life of the vast majority of the population and, particularly, communities close to its operations. It is not clearly understood that the mining industry helps to create a base of technology and added-value services that contribute not only to address productivity issues but also to compensate for fluctuations of price cycles. Clear signs of the exhaustion of this model have become apparent in recent decades. The decline in ore grades, rising energy costs and a shortage of water as well as growing environmental and community-relations issues make it difficult to believe that the industry will continue to generate its historically high earnings if it merely repeats what it did in the past. There is, in addition, a constant threat of competition from materials and technologies that could replace copper in its principal applications, particularly as a conductor of electricity and telecommunications. Although many voices have been raised to warn of the need to harness the knowledge acquired through mining, its high-level professional capabilities and the resources it generates to the development of industries and services that create more value, no significant progress has been achieved in this direction. Chile continues to depend critically on a single product with limited added value, without being able to develop an industry to supply the goods and services required by the copper industry. Indeed, over 50% of Chilean copper is exported as concentrate.

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Waste, the unexploited source of value Over its different stages, the Chilean mining industry has generated a huge amount of waste of different types that is difficult to quantify. At the mine level, it generates millions of tonnes of “sterile” rock, the name used in the industry to refer to material with an ore grade below the minimum threshold for processing. This threshold, of course, varies over time depending on prices and the technology available and yesterday’s waste can, as a result, become today’s resource. The milling and flotation processes used to produce concentrate mean that, each year, some 250 million tonnes of material are deposited in tailings dams in Chile. Rightly or not, these dams are perceived by communities as a structural threat or source of pollution and appear prominently among the industry’s legacy of liabilities. The next stage of the process, the smelting of concentrate to produce copper anodes, generates thousands of tonnes of slag, much of which is today sent to waste dumps. At the same time, the cleaning of smelter gases results in the so-called flue dust and associated effluents , both of which are considered hazardous waste. Finally, the electrowinning process used to produce copper cathodes generates thousands of tonnes of a precipitate known as anodic slime, treated either as a by-product or a waste depending on its content of gold and silver. Today, this slime is exported to developed countries that have the technologies and facilities to extract all of its value, in the form of gold and silver or other elements with important technological uses. Under chilean regulation, the anodic slime with a low gold and silver content is classified as hazardous waste and must be disposed of as such. In other words, this regulation takes only these two metals into account in determining whether the slime is a waste or a product. However, its composition is very diverse (including, for example, cobalt, selenium, antimony and tellurium) and it has potential value that has not been adequately exploited in Chile. Flue dust and anodic slime are the only type of wastes ever exploited by the Chilean copper mining industry. However, the plants that processed the latter ceased to operate several years ago and a new plant to treat this type of material, a joint project between Codelco and a South Korean company, is not expected to start operations until 2016.

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ecometales SR 2015


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Potential sources of “minor” metals Products and by-products

· Copper concentrates. · Molybdenite concentrates. · Roasted molybdenum concentrates. · Anode sludge (of the by-product type).

Types of waste

· Flotation tailings. · Smelter slag. · Leaching gravel. · Flue dust from the cleaning of smelter gases and roasting ovens. · Gases from smelters and molybdenum roasting ovens. · Acid plant effluent. · Sludge and liquid waste from solvent extraction and electrowinning plants. · Anode sludge (of the type classified as waste).

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ecometales SR 2015


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The potential of impurities In the case of mining products, impurities are

per industry does not necessarily perceive this

defined as all those components that are not ex-

value or has the capacity to take advantage of it.

ploited and that, in general, do not contribute value to the product or even detract from it.

Look for a moment at the table below which shows almost all the elements contained in any

In the case of copper mining, the list of impurities

copper concentrate. As well as the four elements

includes practically all the periodic table (apart

indicated above whose value is recognized, it con-

from copper, molybdenum, gold and silver). The

tains at least 32 other elements (others which are

definition of impurity is, however, obviously rel-

rarer are not commonly analyzed or call for more

ative and, in this case, a function of the copper

sophisticated and expensive methods of analy-

mining industry’s predominant interests. Most of

sis). Are these elements used? What value do they

the other elements have potential value to the ex-

have? How can advantage be taken of them? How

tent that there is a market for them but the cop-

scarce are they?

COMPOSITION OF COPPER CONCENTRATE

Element % Sulphur

33.4

Sodium

0.04

Thorium

<0.002

Copper

27.9

Molybdenum

0.04

Bismuth

0.0019

Iron

19.8

Manganese

0.0334

Uranium

0.001

Zinc

2.65

Cadmium

0.0185

Thallium

0.001

Arsenic

1.62

Phosphorus

Lanthanum

0.001

Aluminum

1.16

Strontium

Gallium

0.001

Potassium

0.41

Silver >0.01

Chromium

Calcium

0.29

Barium

Mercury

Lead

0.25

Wolfram

0.005

Scandium Gold

0.000086

Beryllium

<0.00005

0.013 0.0115 0.01

Antimony

0.138

Cobalt

0.005

Titanium

0.08

Nickel

0.0048

Magnesium

0.07

Vanadium

0.0021

0.0008 0.000304 <0.0001

Source: Codelco.

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In 2015, Chile exported some 12 million tonnes

Moreover, the main by-product of copper produc-

of copper concentrate. The table shows that, just

tion is molybdenum which is initially obtained as

to mention a few elements, this was equivalent to

a molybdenite concentrate. This has to be roast-

16,000 tonnes of antimony, 140,000 tonnes of al-

ed to produce a more refined molybdenum con-

uminium, 9,600 tonnes of titanium and 320,000

centrate with around 50% of molybdenum in the

tonnes of zinc. These are, moreover, minimum

form of oxide. Codelco, one of the world’s leading

estimates since, for each tonne of concentrate,

molybdenum producers, currently outsources all

approximately 29 tonnes of mineral are eliminat-

the roasting of its molybdenite concentrate, al-

ed as tailings with a metal content whose value

though it is working to launch Molyb, a company

has yet to be estimated. Given that the 12 million

that will process an important part of the molyb-

tonnes of exported copper concentrate gener-

denite it produces. Until a few years ago, Codel-

ated some 250 million tonnes of tailings (in just

co did its own roasting and, from the gases, also

one year), it is evident that the potential resources

recovered another scarce by-product, rhenium

eliminated as waste in Chile are quite significant.

(usually marketed as ammonium perrhenate and

THE METAL WHEEL

MAJOR METALS BY METALS Own infrastructure Limited infrastructure No infrastructure (wastage)

Al Mn Zn Cr Ti V Cu Mn Mg Cu As Ti Fe Li Oxide Sn Mg Ni Cr ores Ni As Pb B Br V Ga Co Fe Mn Al Cu Al Zn Cl Ca/Si Fe Pb Sn Mg V Fe Al Al Fe Fe Mg Cr Nb Mn Al PGM Zr Mg V Cr Ti Ta Mn Ca/Si Zn W As Cu In Mn Sb Bi Pb Ni Ag Nb Fe Cd Pt Ag Cu Cu Ta Pb Se Cu Au Co Te Ir Mo Zn Mg Ag Au Hg Ru As Pb Co Fe Rh Bi Os Te Sb Cr Sb Pt Os Pd Ru Se Ti Hg As Rh Ni As Sulphide Co Bi Ca/Si Ca/Si Ir ores Sb Fe Hg Ca/Si Mg

Ga Ge In

Au

Zn

Sn

Ag

Representation of the link between major metals and by-products in ore deposits (Verbef et.al.(2004) and Reuter et.al. (2005)). The “EU-14” raw materials currently identified by the European Commission as critical (EU Ad-Hoc- Working Group 2010) are circled. 18

ecometales SR 2015


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Chile is, indeed, one of the world’s main rheni-

The anodic slime serves as a good illustration.

um producers). This is an excellent example of

Its commercial value depends on the concentra-

how a trace element, present in almost unde-

tion of gold and silver and their market price at

tectable amounts in molybdenite concentrate,

a given point in time. However, companies that

can be recovered on a commercial scale from

process this slime also extract from it other ele-

the gas emissions generated by a stage in its

ments with commercial value (such as selenium,

processing.

tellurium, platinum, barium and tin).

A similar argument also applies to other prod-

Smelter slag, found in dumps in the different re-

ucts, by-products and waste of the copper pro-

gions of Chile where there are or were copper

duction process, each of which has different lev-

smelters, is another interesting case. In other

els of enrichment for different elements.

countries, it is used as a raw material to produce a fine granulated material that is marketed for

This does not imply that exploitation of all the

paving roads or as an abrasive material.

elements present in, for example, tailings is economically viable or technologically feasible. This

Ultimately, the viability of a business of this type

must be determined on a case-by-case basis.

depends principally on the element’s market

The most critical challenge for their recovery is,

price but also on longer-term considerations

in fact, that many of the elements found in con-

such as the evolution of refining technologies.

centrates are present only in trace amounts.

Many of these “minor” materials have acquired strategic importance for the manufacture of

As copper processing moves through its differ-

high-technology goods and their production,

ent stages, the waste tends to lose mass and,

whether as a primary product or a by-product,

as a result, the concentration of elements of

appears to have been monopolized by China.

value increases, making it more likely that their recovery will be economically attractive. In copper concentrate, for example, the concentration of antimony is typically less than 1% but, in the anodic slime it can reach as much as 10%.

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MAIN PRODUCER COUNTRIES OF MINOR METALS

RUSSIA PMG* 27% TURKEY Borates 38%

KAZAKHSTAN Chromium 20% D.R.C. Cobalt 56%

U.S.A. Berylium 90% Borates 30% BRAZIL Niobium 92%

CHINA Antimony 87% Coking coal 51% Fluorspar 56% Gallium 69% Germanium 59% Indian 58% Magnesite 69% Magnesium 86% Natural graphite 69% Rock phosphate 38% ETR (Heavy) 99% ETR (Light) 87% Silicon metal 56% Tungsten 85%

SOUTH AFRICA Chromium 43% PMG 61%

*PMG: Platinum Metals Group.

Critical raw materials In 2014, the European Commission published

ly modified the range of materials of interest. Indi-

a report on Critical Raw Materials for the Euro-

um, for example, had a very limited niche market

pean Union in which it assessed the situation of

until a few years ago but today, as a critical input

those considered critical in the context of the

for the production of flat-screen televisions and

EU’s future economic and human development.

touch screens, has become central for current

This report took into account two criteria: the raw

and future technology.

material’s importance for the EU economy and its supply risks.

In assessing supply risk, the study used principally the criterion of poor governance in producer

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ecometales SR 2015

It analyzed 54 raw materials, identifying 20 as

countries and those where reserves are located

critical. It is important to note that technological

as indicating a high risk of internal conflict and,

developments over recent years have significant-

therefore, a threat to sustainable access.


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Impurities and sustainability: two sides of the same coin In November 2015, EcoMetales was invited

nity to make optimum use of natural resources

to participate in an EU meeting in Belgium to

but also enormous development potential for

discuss best practices in the recovery of minor

the mining industry and the country as a whole.

metals, the related technological and policy challenges and the markets for these materials.

In this future scenario, EcoMetales is called on

The meeting was attended mainly by represen-

to play a crucial role since being able to abate

tatives of european countries, where there is

impurities also implies being able to recover

little mining activity and industries are, there-

“minor” metals. The same technology that of-

fore, critically dependent on supply from third

fers a solution for environmental sustainability

countries. At the meeting, EcoMetales offered

also makes possible the recovery of metallurgi-

a presentation on Environmental Solutions for

cal value that is of increasing importance for de-

the Recovery of Value from Copper Smelter and

veloped markets. As discussed in other sections

Refinery Waste.

of this Report, EcoMetales is exploring a range of projects and lines of research to realize this

At present, Chile is not taking full advantage of

potential.

the cycle of value of its mining industry. Each year, it generates over 250 million tonnes of

Ultimately, this is a matter of advancing in an

tailings, over 3 million tonnes of slag and over

historic process of modernization of the Chil-

100,000 tonnes of flue dust. Many of the de-

ean mining industry -the transformation of

posits of these wastes are, in practice, “mines”

waste into resources and of liabilities into as-

of valuable metals and of some of the critical

sets- and, on the way, of contributing to the en-

“minor metals” discussed above.

vironmental sustainability of an activity whose commitment to sustainability is viewed with

There are meanwhile metallurgical complexes

increasing skepticism by a society that needs

in China, Europe and Japan that can recover and

to understand that they are the main beneficia-

market not only copper and sulfuric acid but

ries of the industry’s efforts. It seems ever more

also 15 other materials and metals such as gold,

necessary for the State to take on a regulatory

silver, selenium, tellurium, platinum and palladi-

role under which it promotes the recycling and

um, which are to be found in the concentrates or

reuse of mining and industrial waste and penal-

waste produced by the Chilean mining industry.

izes its disposal without a prior effort to reduce or reuse it.

The challenge we face is how to incorporate technologies, processes and practices for the

The EcoMetales project seeks precisely to har-

recovery of scarce elements from mining waste

monize these demands of our future by recov-

and how to convert it into a source of income

ering valuable metals whilst, at the same time,

for the country. This is an economic and strate-

ensuring that the waste generated is more sta-

gic imperative that offers not only an opportu-

ble and safer for the environment.

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Na K Rb Cs Fr Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra Sc Y Ti Zr Hf Rf V Nb Ta Db Cr Mo W Sg Mn Tc Re Bh Fe Ru Os Hs Co Rh Ir Mt Ni Pd Pt Ds Cu

Characteristics of minor metals and their markets The Minor Metals Trade Association (MMTA) is an international organization founded in 1973 to promote a number of elements that are essential for economic development. It currently focuses on 49 substances (minor metals such as cobalt, gallium, germanium and zirconium), some of whose characteristics include:

• Their markets are generally “opaque” in the sense that they are not traded on public exchanges.

• Their production

• They are often not

is geographically concentrated, they have few substitutes and recycling at the end of their useful life is very

• They are produced

low, implying risks as

in small volumes

regards future supply.

recovered during the processing of minerals and their metallurgical treatment and end up diluted in slag as waste without value (as in Chile).

but often have a high unit value and are critical for a

• Over half of

range of sectors.

these minor metals are recovered as

• An increase in their

by-products.

on the EU’s list of critical raw materials because they are scarce and of strategic economic

price does not necessarily prompt an increase

• In their

in output because the

current uses,

business decision depends

some of these

on the price of the metals

metals lack

of whose production they

substitutes.

are a by-product.

• Many of them are

importance.

• Their recovery contributes to a more efficient use of resources and progress towards a circular economy that is low in carbon emissions and waste generation.

22

ecometales SR 2015


u Ag Au Rg Zn Cd Hg Cn B Al Ga In Tl Uut C Si Ge Sn Pb Fl N P As Sb Bi Uup O S Se Te Po Lv F Cl Br I At Uus He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

The 20 critical raw materials according to the EU: 1. Antimony 2. Beryllium 3. Borates 4. Chrome 5. Cobalt 6. Coal coke 7. Fluorite 8. Gallium 9. Germanium 10. Indio

11. Magnesite 12. Magnesium 13. Natural graphite 14. Niobium 15. Platinum group metals 16. Rock phosphate 17. Rare earth elements (light) 18. Rare earth elements (heavy) 19. Silicon metal 20. Tungsten

Some critical raw materials and their applications with cobalt as one of the prime candidates for inclusion, precisely because the main producer is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This restriction would have an important impact on the international supply of cobalt.

27

Co

Cobalt

Cobalt is one of the elements that are strategic for developed countries since the main deposits are in politically unstable parts of the world. The Democratic Republic of the Congo, an area of permanent armed conflict, accounts for over 50% of world output, which fluctuates at around 100,000 tonnes per year. In recent years, its price has ranged between US$10/lb and US$20/lb but, in 2008, it reached US$50/lb.

The EU anticipates a significant increase in demand for cobalt over the coming years and, if its import from the Democratic Republic of the Congo were banned, would depend critically on the second largest producer, Russia, a country that is also a source of political uncertainty for Europe. Interesting levels of cobalt are often found in the products of the Chilean copper mining industry such as concentrate and anodic slime.

For many years, cobalt’s principal application was in super-alloys, used particularly by the aerospace sector. More recently, its use in rechargeable batteries (for cell phones, computers and tablets) has become the most important source of world demand (accounting for 41% of the market) and, given the rate of growth of applications of this type, a further increase in demand is anticipated. In the United States, the Dodd-Frank Act, introduced by the Obama administration in 2010, established restrictions on the use of some metals if they come from “areas of conflict”. At present, the only such area is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The four metals subject to restriction are tungsten, tantalum, tin and gold. However, regulatory discussions in the EU and the OECD suggest that the list could be expanded,

23 23


Na K Rb Cs Fr Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra Sc Y Ti Zr Hf Rf V Nb Ta Db Cr Mo W Sg Mn Tc Re Bh Fe Ru Os Hs Co Rh Ir Mt Ni Pd Pt Ds Cu

32

Ge

49 Germanium

Levels of germanium in the earth’s crust are also very low and it is refined only as a very minor by-product of zinc mining or from the ash produced by burning coal. According to the EU, around 59% of germanium is produced by China. An estimated 50% of reserves are in Russia. Germanium’s main uses include: - Optic fibers. Germanium dioxide is added in small quantities to optic fiber to help reduce signal loss. Given its growing application in broadband data transmission, demand is forecast to increase, particularly since it currently has no substitutes for this use. - Infrared optics. Given its transparency to infrared light, germanium is used to make lenses and windows for infrared radiation, an application that is critical for the development of night-vision equipment. - Solar cells for satellites. Annual world output of germanium reaches some 120 tonnes and its price fluctuates around US$1,000/kilo. Recycling accounts for 30% of output but, today, most of the world’s germanium is obtained as a trace component of other minerals (principally zinc) but most is not refined or, in other words, ends up in waste deposits.

24

ecometales SR 2015

In

Indium

Indium is a very soft and malleable metallic element that is found in very disperse form in the earth’s crust, never as a pure element and always as part of other metallic minerals. Its concentration in mineral rock (its grade) is typically so low that its extraction in its own right is not commercially viable. It is always produced as a by-product of the mining of metals such as zinc, lead or copper and, principally, the processing of their concentrates. It can also be refined from scrap and other waste. The main use of this metal (56% of consumption) is as a critical input for all types of flat screens for televisions, telephones and digital tablets. Its price fluctuates between US$200/kilo and US$1,000/kilo. World output of refined indium reached 820 tonnes in 2014 (the latest year for which figures are available) of which over half was produced in China. However, over 70% of unrefined indium contained in zinc minerals (the most abundant source) was produced in Peru and Bolivia. This element’s classification as critical is partly a result of the expected growth of its application in flat screens where it does not have a substitute and partly of the fact that over half of production is controlled by the Chinese government which closely regulates and restricts its export through quotas and taxes.


u Ag Au Rg Zn Cd Hg Cn B Al Ga In Tl Uut C Si Ge Sn Pb Fl N P As Sb Bi Uup O S Se Te Po Lv F Cl Br I At Uus He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

51

74

Sb

Antimony

Antimony is an element that is very scarce in the earth’s crust (an average 1 part per million) and is most commonly found as antimony sulfide (also known as stibnite). It is generally produced as a by-product of the mining of other metals.

W

Tungsten

Tungsten is another element that is scarce in the earth’s crust where it is found in 1-2 parts per million. World output reaches around 70,000 tonnes of which 85% is produced by China and is mostly consumed there. China, indeed, consumes close to 51% of the tungsten produced in the world.

China is the main antimony producer (accounting for 87% of world output) while reserves are located in China (53%), Russia (19%) and Bolivia (17%). Annual output reaches around 150,000 tonnes. In recent decades, the price has fluctuated between US$2,000/tonne and US$17,000/tonne depending on a range of factors, many of which are related to the way in which China regulates its output.

During most of the twentieth century, the best known use of tungsten was in the filaments of light bulbs but use of this technology has since declined and its principal application nowadays is as an input for the so-called cemented carbides, a material used in very hard and heat-resistant cutting tools as well as in super-alloys.

Antimony has many applications of which the most important include as a flame retardant, in lead-acid batteries and in lead alloys. Together, these three uses account for 89% of demand.

Tungsten is one of the four metals subject to restrictions under the Dodd-Frank Act in the United States since it is produced in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Interesting levels of antimony are often found in the products and waste of the copper mining industry such as concentrate and flue dust.

25


OPERATIONS Copper Flue Dust Treatment and Arsenic and Antimony Abatement Plant (PTPA)


At present, the core business of EcoMetales is the treatment of flue dust to recover the copper it contains. This dust is a result of the cleaning of the gases emitted during the smelting process and it may contain up to 30% copper as well as varying levels of other elements such as arsenic, bismuth and antimony. Between 2007 and 2015, this plant processed over 385,000 tonnes of flue dust and other hazardous solid waste as well as over 688,000 cubic meters of acid effluent. From all this waste, more than 74,000 tonnes of copper were recovered. Since 2012, when the Arsenic and Antimony Abatement Process (PAAA) started operation, the Plant can also reduce the level of these impurities in the copper that is recovered, stabilize them and dispose of them in an environmentally safe manner. The PTPA process can be summarized as follows: 路 The dust is leached using acid to produce a solution that is rich in copper (PLS) which is then sent to the Arsenic and Antimony Abatement Process (PAAA). 路 During the PAAA, the PLS is treated with hydrogen peroxide and then with ferric sulfate. 路 In reactors, the part that is enriched with arsenic and antimony is separated and precipitated as scorodite, a stable form of arsenic and antimony. 路 The stabilized arsenic waste is disposed of in a duly authorized deposit with a storage capacity of 1,320,000 tonnes.

OUTPUT In 2015, the EcoMetales plant processed

29,615 tonnes of flue dust and 156,223 cubic meters of acid effluent. From all this waste, it recovered

7,154 tonnes of fine

copper.

27


PHASES OF COPPER FLUE DUST TREATMENT LEACHING AND ABATEMENT OF ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY

Copper flue dust treatment plant diagram

Copper-rich pregnant leach solution (PLS) to AAA

Acid effluents Dilution water Flue dust Sulphuric acid

Pulp

Leaching 1

Pulp

Leaching 2

THICKENER Filter

Leach residue to ECL

Water

CAPACITY · Processing: 75,000 tonnes/year of flue dust and other waste. · Abatement: 7,500 tonnes/year of As and Sb. · Recovery: 15,000 tonnes/year of clean copper.

28

ecometales SR 2015


Arsenic and antimony abatement process (AAA)

Limestone PLS to Chuquicamata Division

Steam Magnetite PLS

Storage tank

THICKENER

Oxidization

Precipitation 1

Precipitation 2 Filter

Peroxide

Scorodite disposal site

ADVANTAGES OF ECOMETALES’ PROCESS · Generates stable arsenic waste: scorodite. · Competitive costs and high copper recoveries. · Idle capacity use of solvent-extraction (SX) and electrowinning plants (EW) that produce cathodes.

29


PROJECTS EcoMetales is developing an important portfolio of projects for the treatment of impurities and the recovery of value from the mining industry’s products and waste.


Improvement of the generation, transport and disposal of arsenic waste at the El Teniente Division This project envisages the construction of a plant to treat the acid effluent generated by the Caletones Smelter. It also includes a deposit for the final disposal of hazardous waste and represents an estimated investment of some US$70 million. With the new plant, it will be possible to reduce the generation of solid arsenic waste to a quarter of its current level, recycling 100% of the effluent treated into production processes. The deposit for the arsenic waste will have a storage capacity of 530,000 cubic meters and will be located within El Teniente’s industrial area, thereby avoiding the need to transport the waste along public roads. It is estimated that it will have a useful life of 50 years. In 2015, the detailed engineering for the deposit was prepared. The project was submitted to the Environmental Impact Evaluation System in December 2013 and, in 2015, the company submitted its response to ADDENDA N° 1.

Leaching of Complex Concentrates (PLCC) The aim of this project is to remove the high levels of arsenic found in socalled complex copper concentrates from the mines of Codelco’s North District and, in particular, the Underground Chuquicamata Mine Project and the Ministro Hales Division. The project envisages the use of autoclave technology in which high-pressure and high-temperature oxidation will be used to produce a copper-rich solution and stable non-hazardous arsenic waste. In November 2013, Codelco asked EcoMetales to undertake the pre-feasibility engineering for the project which was completed in 2014, including the corresponding metallurgical tests. In 2015, it began work on the feasibility engineering which it expects to complete in 2016 when the project will be submitted for environmental authorization. The project is estimated to represent an investment of US$371 million and, with an annual treatment capacity of 200,000 tonnes, would produce some 60,000 tonnes of fine copper in the form of cathodes.

31


FEEDING

DCH concentrates DMH concentrates Roaster dust

Water

Slury conditioner

AUTOCLAVE bars 28 bares

Oxygen

Cooling water

Encapsulated arsenic

THICKENER

Filter

Final disposal

220ºC 220°C

Solid

PLS (Copper-rich pregnant leach solution)

DCH DRT

AUTOCLAVE A technology characterized by oxidation at high pressure and temperature (POX) to produce an acid solution that is rich in copper (PLS) and stable arsenic waste.

32

ecometales SR 2015


Among the project’s environmental advantages, it does not generate either arsenic or sulfur air emissions, produces stable arsenic waste and consumes less water than alternative technologies. In economic terms, it is cost-competitive, achieves a high rate of copper recovery (98.5%) and will take advantage of idle capacity at solvent extraction and electrowinning plants, produce usable sulfuric acid and permit the recovery of other metals of value. The PLCC is expected to become one of the pillars of the strategy for handling and managing impurities when the Underground Chuquicamata Mine Project starts operation, which is scheduled to occur in 2019.

Processing and recovery of new elements of value from mining tailings Each day, the Chilean copper mining industry produces some 1.4 million tonnes of tailings of which an estimated 3,000 million tonnes have been accumulated over time. A report by the government’s National Geology and Mining Service (SERNAGEOMIN) found 651 tailings dams of which 95 had been abandoned and 359 were not active. They are all potential sources of metals such as gallium, tellurium, germanium, neodymium, tungsten, tantalum and rare earth elements that are of strategic importance for the high-tech industry. The project being developed by EcoMetales, together with JRI Ingeniería S.A., Enami and SERNAGEOMIN, seeks to identify the elements of value present in tailings and evaluate their recovery for commercial use based on research carried out by the Chilean-German Chamber of Commerce, AmCham Chile, the German Natural Resources Agency and Germany’s Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources. In 2013, Germany and Chile signed a cooperation agreement on mining and minerals as raw materials. The project is currently focusing on defining a technological scheme for the recovery of the value of strategic elements contained in tailings and preparing a generic methodology (manual) for the evaluation of similar projects in the future. In the long term, the recovery of elements of value from waste seeks to address the needs of the present, reducing the exploitation of natural resources and favoring the reuse of waste as a resource.

33


SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE


This section provides information about material

As regards its products, the company’s opera-

aspects of EcoMetales’s management of environ-

tions have two distinctive characteristics that are

mental, social and economic issues in line with

important for defining the scope of this Report.

the Sustainability Reporting Guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).

Firstly, since its installations are distant from population centers, the company has neither opera-

EcoMetales has a Safety, Occupational Health

tional impacts on nor direct relations with com-

and Environmental Policy under which it under-

munities.

takes to seek environmental solutions for its clients, based on excellence in safety, occupational

Secondly, its activities do not generate an end

health and environmental management and in

product but correspond to an intermediate

the quality of its processes. No production tar-

process required for the cleaner production of

get, therefore, justifies employees’ exposure to

refined copper. Moreover, transfer occurs di-

uncontrolled risks and all the company’s activities

rectly through special pipelines and the prod-

are undertaken in a framework of respect for and

uct is not, therefore, transported by road or

protection of people and the environment.

other means.

Since May 2012, EcoMetales has had in place Fa-

In 2015, EcoMetales obtained authorization

tality Control Standards which seek to avoid or

for the temporary storage of flue dust from the

control serious and fatal accidents as a result of

Chuquicamata Division and the final disposal of

work in certain conditions.

leaching sludge, in both cases in the company’s own deposit. The table below shows the environ-

Both this Policy and these Standards are key tools

mental permits obtained by EcoMetales through

of the company’s Integrated Management Sys-

to 2015 for the treatment, transport and disposal

tem, which permits an operation that protects the

of hazardous waste.

health and life of people and the environment.

RESOLUTION

ACTIVITY APPROVED

RCA N° 149/06

Treatment of flue dust from the Chuquicamata smelter.

R.E. Nº 205/07

Treatment of flue dust from the Ventanas and Potrerillos smelters.

RCA N° 086/09

· Treatment of flue dust from the El Teniente, Altonorte, Chagres and Paipote smelters. · Precipitation of arsenic and antimony to obtain scorodite. (Stable arsenic waste) · Construction and operation of waste deposit (scorodite).

RCA N° 50/11

Treatment of copper-containing hazardous waste from smelters in Chile.

RCA N° 74/12 (*)

Recovery of molybdenum from PLS produced during treatment of flue dust and hazardous waste.

RES N° 687/12

Treatment of copper-containing hazardous waste from any mining company in Chile.

RCA N° 113/13(*)

Transport of flue dust and hazardous waste.

RCA N° 87/13 (*)

Treatment of coarse part of fresh tailings at mining waste plant.

RCA N° 569/14

Temporary storage of hazardous waste at EcoMetales’ deposit.

R.E. N° 326/2015

Temporary storage of flue dust and final disposal of leaching sludge in EcoMetales’s deposit. (*) RCAs not operative in 2015.

35


SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS


Indicators for EcoMetales’s economic and social performance in 2014 and 2015 are shown in the table below.

ECONOMIC VALUE (US$)* Direct Economic Value Generated (EVG)

2014

Income

2015

32,960,908 33,432,227

Economic Value Distributed (EVD)

2014

Operating costs

2015

-28,809,601 -28,795,507

Wages and benefits

-5,980,316

-6,065,838

Payments to providers of capital

0

0

Payments to governments

0

0

Investment in community

0

0

-1,829,009

-1,429,118

Economic Value Retained (EVG less EVC)

*Exchange rate used: US$1 = $710,16 (chilean pesos).

Labor aspects EcoMetales has a general hiring procedure that is applied across all the company. However, through incentives, it promotes the hiring of persons resident in the region where its operations take place. The remunerations paid by EcoMetales are competitive within the context of an eminently mining region. Both remunerations and incentives are determined by an employee’s function and the value contributed by his or her performance in terms of meeting the company’s targets. All EcoMetales’s employees earn more than the minimum legal wage in force in Chile. In addition, the company’s workers receive quarterly and annual production-linked bonuses. The table overleaf (page 38) shows the company’s direct workforce in 2014 and 2015 by type of contract. As of 31 December 2015, it had 153 direct employees and a further 184 contractors’ employees were working at its operations.

37


Direct workforce

Type of contract

2014

2015

Men Women Total Men

Undefined

102

Temporary * Total

25

127

Women Total

116

7 2 9 6 109

27 136 122

30

146

1 7 31 153

* Includes temporary contracts and those for specific projects, at December 31, every year.

In 2015, 24 direct employees left the company, equivalent to 15.7% of the workforce, while 41 people, equivalent to 26.8% of the workforce as of 31 December 2015, joined the company.

Employees leaving ECL in 2015

Age group

> 50

Total

3 4 0 7

Men

5 10 2 17

Total

8 14 2 24

Employees joining ECL in 2015

Age group

Women

ecometales SR 2015

30 - 50

Women

38

< 30

< 30

30 - 50

> 50

Total

4 6 0 10

Men

12 15 4 31

Total

16 21 4 41


HEALTH MINISTRY RECOGNIZES ECOMETALES PLANT AS HEALTH-PROMOTING WORKPLACE On 19 October 2015, the Health Ministry’s Antofagasta Regional Office certified the EcoMetales plant in Calama as an advanced Health-Promoting Workplace (LTPS). This accreditation implies that a company meets the minimum requirements for promoting a healthy life and, in this way, helps reduce the incidence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity in Chile and the mortality they cause. The challenge is to commit to this objective as regards quality of life and to harness business efforts to companies’ health policies. In order to obtain this certification, ECL was evaluated in six areas: transport of employees; consumption of tobacco, alcohol, drugs and psychotropics; physical activity; environmental health; psychosocial factors; and diet. It performed best on environmental health where 85% of employees surveyed considered that the company is concerned for their safety and occupational health and 91% indicated that it informs them about their post’s exposure risks. One of the aspects with which employees showed most satisfaction was access to training over the last two years. The active population spends over a third of the day in their workplace. If, moreover, it is considered that 11 out of each 100 workers suffer from illnesses or health problems caused or aggravated by their job, the workplace is clearly a strategic place in which to promote a healthy life style.

Pablo Rojas and Lila Vergara, Regional Representatives (SEREMIs) of the Labor and Health Ministries, respectively, with Pablo Medina, EcoMetales Sustainability Manager.

39


As regards employee benefits, EcoMetales complies with Chilean law and the standards prevailing in the country’s mining sector. In the case of union membership, it fully respects its workers’ right to freedom of association and collective bargaining.

Union membership 2015

Nº of unions Nº of unionized workers Union membership (%)

2 70 48.6

EcoMetales does not have activities in which the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining could be at risk. This is borne out by the fact that it has 70 unionized employees distributed across two unions and a collective contract covering the period through to 16 September 2018. Represented by their two unions, the company’s employees negotiated collectively in 2014, reaching an agreement with the company to maintain all the benefits contained in the previous collective contract and to introduce a new performance-related bonus. Under its hiring policy, EcoMetales not discriminate on the grounds of gender, race or membership of a minority group. In 2014, there was one complaint about discrimination which was resolved and no subsequent complaints have been received. Similarly, EcoMetales does not differentiate remunerations on the basis of gender. In 2013, the company introduced a Code of Conduct and an Open Line for issues of this type. EcoMetales does not undertake any activity that could entail a potential risk of incidents of child exploitation since it does not hire minors and adheres to national and international labor regulation prohibiting child labor. Similarly, it does not accept forced or compulsory labor which is forbidden by the legislation in force in Chile as well as under International Labour Organization (ILO) recommendations.

40

ecometales SR 2015


The tables below show the company’s workforce by gender and age group.

Workforce by gender 2015

Category Women Men Total

Nº % Nº % Nº %

Executives

1 0.7 8 5.2 9 5.9

Professionals / technicians Operators

30

19.6

0

Total

75

49

105

68.6

0 39 25.5 39 25.5

31 20.3 122 79.7 153 100

Workforce by age group 2015

Category

< 30 (N°/%)

Executives

0 / 0

6 / 3.9

3 / 2

9

5.9

25 / 16.3

59 / 38.6

17 / 11.1

101

66

5 / 3.3

29 / 18.9

9 / 5.9

43

28.1

30 / 19.6

94 / 61.4

29 / 19

153

100

Professionals / technicians Operators Total

30-50 (N°/% )

> 50 (N°/%)

Total (N°/%)

In 2015, the absenteeism rate was 1.6% which, as shown below, represented a drop of approximately 11% on the previous year. The rate was 0.7% for women and 0.9% for men.

Absenteeism rate Year

[N°of days lost / N° of days worked] *100

2014

1.8

2015

1.6

41


42

ecometales SR 2015


Labor fines In 2015, EcoMetales was inspected by the Health Ministry’s Regional Office, SERNAGEOMIN and the Labor Inspection Office. It received only one fine (155,460 Chilean pesos) for breach of labor regulation which corresponded to failure to attend a meeting with the Labor Inspection Office prior to a legal proceeding.

Corruption No incidents of corruption have ever occurred at EcoMetales. In 2013, EcoMetales obtained certification of its Crime Prevention System incompliance with Chilean Law 20.393. This involved the implementation of: · An Open Line on its website · A Code of Conduct with which employees are familiar · A Crime Prevention Manual The Crime Prevention Manual requires that, each year or whenever relevant and material changes occur in any sphere of the business, EcoMetales implement a process, covering all the different areas of the organization, to identify and mitigate the risks envisaged in Law 20.393. The company’s anti-corruption policy forms part of its Crime Prevention Model on which training talks have been given for all levels of the organization and which is also addressed in the induction of new employees. In 2014, 74% of employees received information about the Crime Prevention Model and, in 2015, talks were given for all levels of the organization and were attended by 120 people, equivalent to 78% of the workforce. In addition, all new hires must attend an introductory presentation about the Crime Prevention Model at which they also receive a copy of the Code of Conduct. EcoMetales does not make financial or in-kind contributions to political parties or related institutions. None of the complaints received in 2015 related to incidents of corruption.

43


Open line Since 2013, EcoMetales has had in place an Open Line through which to receive complaints related to infringement of the legislation in force or breaches of its Code of Conduct. This Open Line is available to all employees and the general public through the company’s website (www.ecometales.cl). In 2015, four complaints were received of which three warranted investigation.

Type of report

2014

2015

Infringement of policies and norms

1

0

Theft

2 0

Discrimination

1 0

Violence and workplace harassment 2 2 Violation of confidentiality

0

1

Did not warrant investigation

2

1

Total

8 4

As a result of the complaints received, the following measures were implemented:

Sanction

44

ecometales SR 2015

2014 2015

Dismissal

1 0

Administrative measures

4

2

Creation of procedure and reinforcement of its application

1

1

Total

6 3


Training The table below summarizes the training provided by EcoMetales in 2015 when each employee received an average of 39 hours of training, more than double the previous year. The training budget represented a 15% increase on 2014.

Employee Nº of employees Investment category (US$)* Men 8 Executives 2,377 Women 1 Professionals / technicians Operators

Nº of

Average hours per

Average hours

courses / hours Participants

gender (nº hours /

category (nº hours /

nº workers)

nº workers

per course 14 / 246

44

31

6 / 35

6

35

Men 68 41,950 Women 23

46 / 3,664.5

465

54

33 / 782

135

34

Men 47 11,456 Women 6

20 / 1,294

188

28

1 / 2

1

0.33

120 / 6,023.5

839

-

Total

153

55,783

31

49

24

-

*: Exchange rate used: US$ 1 = $ 710,16 (Chilean pesos).

45


SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH


In the case of safety and occupational health, EcoMetales is guided by a series of values with which all its employees are familiar. The first of these values -“The safety of personnel is a non-negotiable value.”sums up the company’s philosophy in this field. These values form part of the company’s Internal Order, Hygiene and Safety Regulation, a copy of which is provided to all its employees. This Regulation also includes an Alcohol and Drugs Policy which seeks to protect the physical integrity of the worker in question and other workers as well as the company’s assets and resources by prohibiting coming to work under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In accordance with the legislation in force, EcoMetales has three Joint Management-Worker Health and Safety Committees -two for the company and the other for its worksite- in which 100% of its workers are represented. These committees have the following members: • Company Committees: six management representatives and six representatives elected by workers. • Worksite Committee: one representative of ECL and six representatives of contractors.

Accidentability In 2015, EcoMetales’s Accident Severity Rate reached 51.55, a very significant increase from 7.38 in the previous year. However, the Accident Frequency Rate dropped to 2.95, down by 0.74 points on the previous year. Although two accidents occurred, the total number of people showed no change on 2014. In 2015, the average Frequency Rate for the mining industry was 2.06 (SERNAGEOMIN) or, in other words, 0.89 points below that for ECL. The tables overleaf (page 48) show EcoMetales’s accidentability rates for 2014 and 2015.

47


SAFETY PERFORMANCE 2015 Hours Nº of days Nº of workers suffering an accident Nº of accidents Frequency Severity Workers Gender worked lost Fatalities LT NLT LT NLT rate rate 19 Own Men 292,424 Workers Women 0 Contractors

Men

16 386,463 Women 0

Total - 678,887 35

0 0 0

1 3 1 3 3.42 64.97 0 4 0 2

0

1 5 1 5 2.59 41.40 0 3 0 3

0

2 15 2 13 2.95 51.55

SAFETY PERFORMANCE 2014 Hours Nº of days Nº of workers suffering an accident Nº of accidents Frequency Severity Workers Gender lost worked Fatalities LT NLT LT NLT rate rate 4 Own Men 256,200 Workers Women 0 Contractors Total

Men

0 285,787 Women 0 - 541,987 4

0

2

3 1 3

0

0

4 0 4

0

0

3 0 3

0

2 11 1 11 3.69 7.38

7.81 15.61 0 0 1 0 1 0.00 0.00

LT: Lost time. NLT: Non lost time.

In reporting workplace accidents, EcoMetales complies with the corresponding Chilean legislation (Resolution N° 2.245 issued by the Health Ministry) which is based on the recommendations of the International Labour Organization (ILO). No employees at EcoMetales’s operations have professional illnesses. In all activities that potentially involve exposure to arsenic, personnel are tested every three months to determine their possible contamination level. This practice applies to both the company’s own employees and those of contractors, with an average 160 people subject to this surveillance. In 2015, Chile modified its legislation on arsenic as regards the Weighted Permitted Limit and the Biological Tolerance Limit.

48

ecometales SR 2015


ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Chemical agent

Environmental Weighted indicator permitted limit

Arsenic Arsenic in air 0.01 mg/m3 (as from April 2015)

Sampling methodology According to the Basic Sample-Taking Manual

of the Public Health Arsenic Arsenic in air 0.16 mg/m3 Institute (ISP). (before April 2015)

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE Chemical Biological Sample agent indicator Arsenic (as from april 2015)

Biological tolerance limit

Inorganic arsenic (As-I) and its metabolites Urine 50 µg/g creat. (DMA+MMA)

Timing of sampling At the end of the third day of exposure or the working week.

After the second day Arsenic of the working week Total arsenic Urine 220 µg/g creat. (before april 2015) and as from midday on the third day of exposure. Source: Supreme Decree (DS) N° 594/2000, Health Ministry.

It is important to note that before the modification of Chilean legislation, EcoMetales applied a limit of 100 micrograms of arsenic per gram of creatinine in urine as the exposure threshold for triggering corrective action. This compared with the limit of 220 micrograms then established by Chilean law.

49


ENVIRONMENT


Raw materials and inputs At the Dust Treatment and Arsenic and Antimony Abatement Plant (PTPA), the main raw material used is dust from the Chuquicamata Smelter and, to a lesser extent, from the Ventanas Smelter. In 2012, the company also began to process acid effluent from Chuquicamata. RAW MATERIALS AND INPUTS: DUST TREATMENT PLANT (TONS) Raw materials

2014

2015

Copper flue dust, arsenic waste and sludges

26,476

29,615

Refinery effluent (m3)

241,911 156,223

Inputs

2014 2015

Sulfuric acid

15,886

Limestone

12,719 9,562

Hidrogen peroxide

438

Magnetite

17,473

980

6,182 4,089

Water use and recycling The table below shows water use and recycling at EcoMetales’s operations in 2014 and 2015. WATER REUSE AND RECYCLING Type of use Water extracted for process (m3)

2014

2015

445,931 368,867

Drinking water for changing rooms and bathrooms (m3) 8,670

8,943

Total (m3)

454,601 377,810

Reuse / recycling (m3)

120,144

134,887

26

36

% Reuse / recycling

51


Energy use At 43,893 MWh, total energy consumption in 2015 represented a drop of 3.5% on the previous year. This was explained principally by a reduction in fuel consumption by the boiler due to improvements in operating variables. The change in the operation also meant a reduction in process water consumption. Direct energy consumption, related to the use of fuels, accounted for 81% of the total energy consumed at the EcoMetales plant while indirect consumption in the form of electricity from the Northern Interconnected Grid (SING) accounted for the other 19%. DIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2014 Y 2015 (MWh) Year

Oil and derivates

Liquefied gas

Total

2014 37,267

105 37,372

2015 35,336

104 35,440

Indirect energy consumption from the SING by EcoMetales’s operations is shown in the table below. INDIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2014 Y 2015 (MWh) Year Electricity 2014 8,107 2015 8,453

Electricity consumption at the company’s offices in Santiago (from the Central Interconnected Grid, SIC) reached 28,527 KWh, down by approximately 2% on 2014.

52

ecometales SR 2015


Air emissions The tables on page 54 show the direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to EcoMetales’s operations in 2014 and 2015.

DEFINITIONS FOR CALCULATING AND INTERPRETING GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSIONS Greenhouse Gases (GHGs): The emissions that make the most significant contribution to global warming are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and water vapor. The size of the impact varies with the type of emission. GHG emissions are reported in physical units (k,t) of CO2 equivalent and conversion factors are used to express other emissions in their CO2 equivalent. Direct Emissions: These are the GHG emissions generated directly as a result of fuel use in a company’s operations. They correspond to the so-called Scope 1 GHG Emissions Inventory. Indirect Emissions: These are the GHG emissions generated by third parties in order to supply the electricity consumed by the company. In the case of EcoMetales, this is supplied from the Northern Interconnected Grid (SING). These emissions correspond to the so-called Scope 2 GHG Emissions Inventory.

EMISSION FACTORS In this Report, the following conversion factors were used to calculate the company’s direct emissions: · Diesel: 2.672 Kg CO2e /liter.

(Source: The Carbon Trust; www.carbontrust.co.uk).

· Liquefied gas: 1.492 Kg CO2e/liter.

(Source: The Carbon Trust; www.carbontrust.co.uk).

53


DIRECT GHG EMISSIONS Ton of CO2eq

2014 2015

Oil and derivates

9,394

8,907

22

22

Liquefied gas Total

9,416 8,929

INDIRECT GHG EMISSIONS Types of uses

2014

2015

Quantity (kWh)

8,107,000

8,453,000

Emission factor (kg CO2e/kWh)*

0.790 0.764

GHG emissions (Ton CO2e)

6,405 6,458

Emission factors provided by the Chilean Energy Ministry.

In 2015, total GHG emissions, at just over 15,000 tCO2e, represented a drop of around 3% on the previous year. Direct emissions, related to fuel use at the plant, accounted for 58% of total emissions while indirect emissions as a result of electricity consumption accounted for the other 42%. The electricity consumed by the company’s offices in Santiago accounted for 9.9 tCO2e of indirect GHG emissions in 2015.

Industrial waste The operations of EcoMetales do not generate liquid industrial waste. Since 2011, the company has had a wastewater treatment plant and the treated water is reused for irrigation.

54

ecometales SR 2015


In 2014, the company gave the go-ahead for the engineering and tendering of the construction of a new cell, with the same capacity as the existing cell, at its Arsenic Waste Deposit located near the PTPA Plant. The Deposit obtained its permit in 2009 and envisages the construction of a total of three cells. The first one started operation in 2012 when the Arsenic and Antimony Abatement Process (PAAA) was inaugurated and its useful life will reach completion in the first half of 2016. Construction of the second cell, which represented an investment of US$5,332,000, was completed in 2015 and it will start operation in 2016. It has an area of almost 3 hectares and a capacity to store some 350,000 tonnes of scorodite. The table below shows the quantities of solid industrial waste generated by EcoMetales in 2014 and 2015 by level of hazard. SOLID INDUSTRIAL WASTE (TONNES) Year

Hazardous Non-hazardous Total

2014

477

29,838 30,315

2015

4,585

26,093 30,678

Out of the 26,093 tonnes of non-hazardous waste generated in 2015, 25,902 tonnes or 99.3% corresponded to scorodite, the environmentally stable form of the arsenic removed during the Arsenic and Antimony Abatement Process. All the waste generated at EcoMetales’s installations, whether domestic, industrial or hazardous, is disposed of at duly authorized sites. Hazardous waste is, in addition, registered with the Health Ministry’s Hazardous Waste Declaration and Monitoring System (SIDREP).

55


GRI Ă?NDEX

P: Principal indicators A: Additional indicators

GRI ASPECT

SECTION OF REPORT

PAGE

1. STRATEGY AND ANALYSIS 1.1

Statement from the most senior decision-maker of the organization.

Message from the Chairman of the Board Message from the General Manager

04 06

1.2

Description of key impacts, risks and opportunities.

Towards a mining industry of the future: More value for Chile

12

2. ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE 2.1

Name of the organization.

Our company

08

2.2

Primary brands, products and/or services.

Our company

08

2.3

Operational structure of the organization, including main divisions, operating companies, subsidiaries and joint ventures.

Our company

08

2.4

Location of the organization’s headquarters.

Our company

08

2.5

Number of countries where the organization operates and names of countries with either significant operations or that are specifically relevant to the sustainability issues covered in the report.

Our company

08

2.6

Nature of ownership and legal form.

Our company

08

2.7

Markets served.

Our company

08

2.8

Scale of the organization, including number of employees, net sales, total market capitalization and quantity of products or services provided.

Our company Economic and social aspects Labor aspects

08 36 37

2.9

Significant changes during the reporting period regarding size, structure or ownership, including location of activities, changes in ownership structure and others.

In 2015, there were no significant changes in the structure and ownership of EcoMetales.

Awards received in the reporting period.

No awards or distinctions were received in 2015.

2.10

3. REPORT PARAMETERS

56

ecometales SR 2015

3.1

Reporting period for information provided.

About this report

10

3.2

Date of most recent previous report.

About this report

10

3.3

Reporting cycle.

About this report

10


GRI ASPECT

SECTION OF REPORT

PAGE

3.4 Contact point for questions regarding the report or its contents. 3.5 Process for defining report content.

About this report

10

3.6 Boundary of the report.

About this report

10

3.7 State any limitations to the scope or boundary of the report.

About this report

10

3.8 Basis for reporting on joint ventures, subsidiaries, leased facilities, outsourced operations and other entities that can significantly affect comparability from period to period and/or between organizations.

About this report

10

3.9 Data measurement techniques and the bases of calculations, including assumptions and techniques underlying estimations applied to the compilation of the Indicators and other information in the report.

Measurement techniques and bases of calculations are indicated in each section.

3.10 Explanation of the effect of any re-statements of information provided in earlier reports.

This report contains no re-statements of information contained in the 2014 Report.

3.11 Significant changes from previous reporting periods in the scope, boundary or measurement methods applied in the report.

This report contains no significant changes in the scope, boundary or measurement methods applied in the 2014 Report.

3.12 Table identifying the location of the Standard Disclosures in the report.

GRI Index

56

3.13 Policy and current practice with regard to seeking external assurance for the report.

About this report

10

4.1 Governance structure of the organization, including committees under the highest governance body responsible for specific tasks, such as setting strategy or organizational oversight.

Organizational chart

10

4.2 Indicate whether the Chair of the highest governance body is also an executive officer.

The Chairman of the Board does not occupy an executive position in EcoMetales.

4.3 For organizations that have a unitary board structure, state the number of members of the highest governance body that are independent or non-executive members.

Our company

08

4.4 Mechanisms for shareholders and employees to provide recommendations or direction to the highest governance body.

Our company

08

4.5 Linkage between compensation for members of the highest governance body, senior managers and executives and the organization’s performance.

Our company

08

4.6 Processes in place for the highest governance body to ensure conflicts of interest are avoided.

Members of the Board of Directors are employees of Codelco and subject to all its norms for the avoidance of conflicts of interest.

4.7 Process for determining the qualifications and expertise of the members of the highest governance body for guiding the organization’s strategy on economic, environmental, and social topics.

Members of the Board of Directors are appointed by Codelco to provide this guidance in accordance with Codelco’s processes to ensure they are qualified to exercise this role.

4.8 Internally developed statements of mission or values, codes of conduct and principles relevant to economic, environmental and social performance and the status of their implementation.

Our company

4. GOVERNANCE, COMMITMENTS AND ENGAGEMENT

4.9 Procedures of the highest governance body for overseeing the organization’s identification and management of economic, environmental and social performance, including relevant risks and opportunities. 4.10 Processes for evaluating the highest governance body’s own performance, particularly with respect to economic, environmental and social performance.

08

Members of the Board of Directors are appointed by Codelco and are subject to its processes for exercising these functions.

57


GRI ASPECT

SECTION OF REPORT

4.11

Explanation of how the precautionary approach or principle is addressed by the organization.

The organization has not explicitly adopted a precautionary approach or principle.

4.12

Externally developed economic, environmental and social charters, principles or other initiatives to which the organization subscribes or endorses.

The organization has not adopted external social, environmental or economic principles or programs.

4.13

Main associations to which the organization belongs and/or national and international bodies it supports.

EcoMetales does not belong to any associations and/or national and international bodies.

4.14

Stakeholder groups engaged by the organization.

4.15

Basis for identification and selection of stakeholders with whom to engage.

4.16

Approaches to stakeholder engagement, including frequency of engagement by type and by stakeholder group.

4.17

Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement, and how the organization has responded to those key topics and concerns, including through its reporting.

PAGE

The safety, occupational health and environment policy, establishes a commitment to maintain transparent, trustworthy and opportune communication with stakeholders in order to establish mutually beneficial relations of trust. In 2015, no progress was achieved in implementing this commitment.

5. MANAGEMENT APPROACH Disclosure on sustainability approach.

Sustainability performance

34

PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Economic performance / Economic management EC1-P

Direct economic value generated and distributed, including revenues, operating costs, employee compensation, donations and other community investments, retained earnings and payments to capital providers and governments.

Economic and social aspects

36

EC3-P

Coverage of the organization’s defined benefit plan obligations.

Labor aspects

37

EC4-P

Significant financial assistance received from governments.

In 2015, EcoMetales did not receive financial assistance from the government.

Environmental performance / Market presence EC5-A

Range of ratios of standard entry level wage compared to local minimum wage at significant locations of operation.

Labor aspects

EC7-P

Procedures for local hiring and proportion of senior management hired from the local community at significant locations of operation.

Labor aspects

37

37

Environmental performance / Materials EN1-P

Materials used by weight or volume.

Raw materials and inputs

51

Environmental performance / Energy EN3-P

Direct energy consumption by primary energy source.

Energy use

52

EN4-P

Indirect energy consumption by primary source.

Energy use

52

Total water withdrawal by source.

Water use and recycling

51

Percentage and total volume of water recycled and reused.

Water use and recycling

51

Environmental performance / Water EN8-P EN10-A

58

ecometales SR 2015


GRI ASPECT

SECTION OF REPORT

PAGE

Environmental performance / Emissions, effluents and waste EN16-P

Total direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions by weight.

Air emissions

53

EN21-P

Total water discharge by quality and destination.

Industrial waste

54

EN22-P

Total weight of waste by type and disposal method.

Industrial waste

54

EN24-A

Weight of transported, imported, exported, or treated waste deemed hazardous under the terms of the Basel Convention Annex I, II, III and VIII, and percentage of transported waste shipped internationally.

Industrial waste

54

Sustainability performance

34

Environmental performance / Products and services EN27-P

Percentage of products sold and their packaging materials that are reclaimed by category.

Environmental performance / Compliance EN28-P

Monetary value of significant fines and total number of non-monetary sanctions for non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations.

EcoMetales did not receive any fines for failure to comply with environmental regulation in 2015.

Environmental performance / Overall EN30-A

Total environmental protection expenditures and investments by type.

Industrial waste

54

Social performance: labor practices and decent work / Employment LA1-P

Total workforce by employment type, employment contract and region.

Labor aspects

37

LA2-P

Total number and mean rate of employee turnover by age group, gender and region.

Labor aspects

37

LA3-A

Benefits provided to full-time employees that are not provided to temporary or part-time employees, by major operations.

Labor aspects

37

Social performance: labor practices and decent work / Management relations LA4-P

Percentage of employees covered by collective bargaining agreements.

Labor aspects

37

Social performance: labor practices and decent work / Occupational health and safety LA6-A

Percentage of total workforce represented in formal joint management-worker health and safety committees that help monitor and give advice on occupational health and safety programs.

Safety and occupational health

46

LA7-P

Rates of injury, occupational diseases, lost days and absenteeism and number of work-related fatalities by region.

Labor aspects Safety and occupational health

37 46

LA8-P

Education, training, counseling, prevention, and risk-control programs in place to assist workforce members, their families, or community members regarding serious diseases.

Sustainability performance Safety and occupational health

34 46

LA9-A

Health and safety topics covered in formal agreements with trade unions.

Labor aspects

37

Social performance: labor practices and decent work / Training and education LA10-P

Average hours of training per year per employee by employee category.

Training

45

Social performance: labor practices and decent work / Diversity and equal opportunity LA13-P

Composition of governance bodies and breakdown of employees per category according to gender, age group, minority group membership and other indicators of diversity.

Labor aspects

37

59


GRI ASPECT

SECTION OF REPORT

PAGE

Social performance: labor practices and decent work / Diversity and equal opportunity LA14-P

Ratio of basic salary of men to women by employee category.

Labor aspects

37

Labor aspects Open line

37 44

Social performance: Human rights / Non-discrimination HR4-P

Total number of incidents of discrimination and actions taken.

Social performance: Human rights / Freedom association and collective bargaining HR5-P

Operations identified in which the right to exercise freedom of association and collective bargaining may be at significant risk, and actions taken to support these rights.

Labor aspects Open line

37 44

Labor aspects

37

Labor aspects

37

Social performance: Human rights / Child labor HR6-P

Operaciones y proveedores significativos identificados que conllevan un riesgo significativo de incidentes de explotación infantil, y medidas adoptadas para contribuir a la abolición efectiva de la explotación infantil.

Social performance: Human rights / Forced and compulsory labor HR7-P

Operations identified as having significant risk for incidents of forced or compulsory labor, and measures to contribute to the elimination of forced or compulsory labor.

Social performance: society / Corruption SO2-P

Percentage and total number of business units analyzed for risks related to corruption.

Corruption

43

SO3-P

Percentage of employees trained in organization’s anti-corruption policies and procedures.

Corruption

43

SO4-P

Actions taken in response to incidents of corruption.

Corruption

43

Corruption

43

Labor fines

43

Social performance: society / Public policy SO6-A

Total value of financial and in-kind contributions to political parties, politicians and related institutions by country.

Social performance: society / Compliance SO8-A

Monetary value of significant fines and total number of non-monetary sanctions for non-compliance with laws and regulations.

Social performance: product responsibility / Product labeling PR3-P

Type of product and service information required by procedures and percentage of significant products and services subject to such information requirements.

Sustainability performance

34

PR4-A

Total number of incidents of non-compliance with regulations and voluntary codes concerning product and service information and labeling, by type of outcomes.

Sustainability performance

34

Social performance: product responsibility / Marketing communications PR6-P

60

ecometales SR 2015

Programs for adherence to laws, standards and voluntary codes related to marketing communications, including advertising, promotion and sponsorship.

Sustainability performance

34


GRI ASPECT

SECTION OF REPORT

PAGE

Social performance: product responsibility / Compliance PR9-P

Monetary value of significant fines for non-compliance with laws and regulations concerning the provision and use of products and services.

EcoMetales did not receive any fines related to the handling of its products.

61


For comments and queries about this Report or for further information, please contact: Sustainability Management / EcoMetales Limited. Nueva de Lyon 072, Providencia, Santiago de Chile / Road to Radomiro Tomic, km 16 ½, Calama, Chile. Telephones: (56 - 2) 2378 4100 – (56 – 55) 2320 950 comunicaciones@ecometales.cl / www.ecometales.cl


Photography . EcoMetales archives / Print . Procolor


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