Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur | Architectural Thesis Research Book by Lakshay Jasoria

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Architectural Thesis Research Book Lakshay Jasoria School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal February - May 2021

Creating Commons Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Undergraduate Architectural Thesis Research Book Lakshay Jasoria lakshayjasoria09@gmail.com Mentor Team Dr. Vishakha Kawathekar Associate Professor and Head, Department of Conservation School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal Prof. Uzma Khan Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal February - May 2021

Acknowledgement

This thesis is a result of a five year long graduation, conducted at School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for degree of Bachelors in Architecture. The success and final outcome of this project would not have been possible if I had not received support from many people I met along this expedition. Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis mentor Dr. Viskhakha Kawathekar and co-mentor Prof. Uzma Khan for always giving me critical yet constructive feedback which encouraged me to explore various facets of Conservation and Architecture. I have learned a lot during our discussions and enjoyed working under their guidance. My sincere thanks go to all the jury members who had reviewed my work throughout the development stages of this thesis for their constructive criticism which helped me to make necessary improvements. I owe a heartfelt thanks to the office of ADMA Jaipur; Mr. Ravi Kumar Gupta for giving needed permissions to undergo my thesis study, My uncle’s Rajeev Gupta and Raju Khandelwal for making necessary arrangements to make my permissions go smoother. Prof. Parul Kiri Roy, SPA-D for motivating me to keep up with my design ideologies and to apply that in the best possible manner. My heartiest regards to Amulya Gupta, MNIT Jaipur, Ar. Akshay Sancheti, Ascension Designs, Jaipur and Pringal Soni, Capricot Technologies for supporting me by providing drawings of Jaleb Chowk, Jaipur and S.M.S Town Hall, Jaipur. Alongside, I would like to thank you all the authors and publications I referred to for my thesis. My friends have helped me through the tough times and have made each day a new experience for me. I would especially like to thank my bests Rishabh Kalra, Sarthak Ahuja, Sanvi Bhutani, Sanchi Jain, Aryan Gupta, Nitansh Tandon and Tanushi Goyal for having constructive discussions, providing critical feedbacks and giving insights during the time of my mental block. A special thank you to Mridula Kher and Gaurav Patel for being best company in Urban design studio semester - IX. Also, Ananya Vaccher, Kashish Kochhar, Ananya Sharma, Ashi Sharma, Panisthi Jindal, Anchit Agarwal, Anandita Gupta, and Gunraagh Singh Talwar for being a great company and support throughout & when needed. I would not have completed my thesis without their help and guidance at every step. Thanks are due to my juniors, Megha Sahu and Ipsita Choudhury for helping me in my thesis and for their support. Lastly, I would like to thank my family. The constant inspiration and guidance especially during the tough times of the COVID-19 Pandemic has kept me focused and motivated. I am grateful to my parents for supporting me both morally The constant love and support of my brother is sincerely acknowledged. Last but not the least, I want to thank me, for believing in me, for doing all this hard work, for keep going and never quitting.

Abstract

The Emergency period changed the fabric of City Palace Precinct, Jaipur. It brought some good protectionist policies but also showed a disregard of the overall context and the walled city as a unit. The newly acquired structures and premises were assigned functions as per the contemporary needs but the infrastructure to support the same never poured in. The behaviour intensifies the conflict between tourists and local. The buildings lack contemporary functions, as a result, possible future development is locked in this area and that will only further sharpen the problem between local life and new development. At the same time, the potential of the cultural heritage scattered in the area are not fully utilized for finding back the identity. Moreover, the current urban and social conditions around the City Palace Jaipur are critical. The space seems to lack both social and physical qualities, probably because of the ambiguous coexistence between its local and tourist character and due to the overlapping interests of multiple participants- the Royal Family, the trade and commerce, locals and the tourism industry. This is a proposed project considered under Smart City Jaipur, which includes revitalisation of structures surrounding Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall. Both of these structures belongs to grade II heritage structures. Besides that, Jaleb Chowk also coincides with government India’s larger vision of ‘Swadesh Darshan Scheme’. The interventions will address the above problems with a design proposal that will reorganize the neighbourhood of the palace by enhancing its possibilities. The project will bring new functions to the area in regards to the new future design plans that will take place in a few years. At the centre of the debate will be the community: how to create an effective design through the respect of it and its culture. Then, the project will dig into the adaptive reuse proposal. In fact, the main issue to be tackled will consist in the realization of spaces through the restoration of the culture of making as a means to bring the people together and grow together. Thus, the main aim of the project is to improve the sociability of the site by restructuring vacant and misused open spaces, adapting heritage buildings in the palace complex, reorganising them into well-programmed opportunities for recreation, and providing improved social and physical infrastructure. The expected output consists of radical interventions like revamping new circulation routes, adaptive reuse of existing structures and changing the image of the site by building insertion as a way of conservation. Furthermore, this project finds a rational way to sustainably reuse the heritage in the historical area. With the heritage revitalization standing in the middle, the new urban regeneration approach redefines the position of heritage in the socio-economic model and relate it to the need of social group. The references and materials which have been used for the project are limited, and the topic is also targeted to the problem in City Palace Precinct only. As a result, the specific regeneration approach might unfit other historical area in Jaipur. In addition, due to the limited number of samples, it is impossible to conduct house-to-house research and it is difficult to take into account the needs of all users. Keywords: City Palace Precinct Jaipur, cultural heritage, urban regeneration, adaptive reuse.

Contents Acknowledgement 3 Abstract 4 Motivation 8

Chapter 01 Introduction

1.1 Background 1.2 Project Identification 1.3 Site Information 1.4 The Pink City in Making 1.5 The Development of Palace 1.6 Historical Decline in the Role of Palace 1.7 The Region of Jaipur 1.8 Transition of Historical Spaces 1.9 The Site 1.10 The Posed Problem 1.11 Thesis Vision 1.12 Research Question 1.13 Research Based Thesis Design Framework 1.14 Research Method 1.15 Expected Outcome 1.16 Hypothesis 1.17 Summary 1.18 The Design Programme

10 11 12 14 16 19 21 22 28 32 33 35 36 38 39 40 41 42

Chapter 02 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

45 47 49 50 52

Definition of Heritage Way-finding Framework Adaptive reuse of Heritage Conservation Units Theoretical Framework Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021

Chapter 03 Site Study and Analysis

3.1 Physical Setting of the Site 3.2 Geo-Ecological Study of Site 3.3 Activity Setting of the Site 3.4 Problems Identified

66 80 86 89

Chapter 04 Case Studies and Learnings

4.1 List of Case Studies 4.2 Pyramide du Louvre, Paris 4.3 Caixa Forum, Barcelona 4.4 Africa Museum, Tervuren, Belgium 4.5 De Petrus, Vught, NL 4.6 Museum of Legacies, Jaipur [ LIVE ] 4.7 Dilli Haat, Janakpuri [ LIVE ] 4.8 Cultural Activity Center of Beijing 4.9 Ancient Town of Hoi An, Vietnam [ LIVE ] 4.10 Hoan Kiem District, Old quarter, Hanoi, Vietnam [ LIVE ] 4.11 Inferences

91 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 100 101

Chapter 05 Area Programming

103

Chapter 06 Thesis Approach and Design Conceptualisation

105

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8

105 108 109 112 113 116 118 120

Conceptual Framework Thesis Approach Shared Use as a Design Approach Pedestrianizing the site Initial Developments Adaptive Reuse Design Principles / Strategies Zoning: Jaleb Chowk Zoning: S.M.S Town Hall

Chapter 07 Design Proposal

122

7.1 Final Presentation Handout

122

Annexure

187

Questionnaire; Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021 Results and Findings; Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021

187 191

References

202

List of Figures Chapter 01 Figure 1.2-1 Smart-city Jaipur ABD proposal for the City Palace Precinct Figure 1.3-1 Site Location Figure 1.3-2 Satellite map of old walled city of Jaipur Figure 1.3-3 Satellite map of part of City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Figure 1.3-4 Map of City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Figure 1.4-1 Planning and Design of Walled City, Jaipur Figure 1.5-1 Development of Palace, 1718-1727 Figure 1.5-2 Development of Palace, 1734-1749 Figure 1.5-3 Development of Palace, Post 1799 Figure 1.6-1 Historical Decline in the Palace Property Figure 1.6-2 Change in the Role of Newly Government Acquired Buildings Figure 1.8-1 Transition of Historical Spaces; Entrance to Aatish Market Area, Tripolia Bazaar Figure 1.8-2 Transition of Historical Spaces; Aatish Market Area Figure 1.8-3 Transition of Historical Spaces; Chandini Chowk Figure 1.8-4 Transition of Historical Spaces; Jantar Mantar Area Figure 1.8-5 Transition of Historical Spaces; Jaleb Chowk Figure 1.8-6 Transition of Historical Spaces; S.M.S Town Hall Figure 1.9-1 The Site Figure 1.9-2 Buildings and grounds of Jaleb Chowk Figure 1.9-3 Maharaja Sawai Mansingh Town Hall Figure 1.10-1 Conceptual Framework; Step-1 Figure 1.10-2 Conceptual Framework; Step-2 Figure 1.11-1 Overlapping Problem to Draft Vision Figure 1.12-1 Conceptual Framework; Step-2 Figure 1.13-1 Design Framework Figure 1.16-1 Potential of Heritage

11 12 12 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 32 34 35 36 40

Chapter 02 Figure 2.1-1 Reason and theory back for the redefinition of ‘heritage’ in City Palace Precinct Figure 2.2-1 Reason and theory back for building a guiding system to heritage units Figure 2.2-2 Reason and theory back for adaptive reuse of heritage units Figure 2.4-1 Theoretical Framework Figure 2.5-1 Research Methodology, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021 Figure 2.5-2 Categories, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021 Figure 2.5-3 Framework of Analysis, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021

46 48 48 51 55 59 62

Chapter 03 Figure 3.1-1 Land Use Map Figure 3.1-2 Built v/s Open Space Figure 3.1-3 Street Volumes Figure 3.1-4 Hierarchy of Roads and Circulation: Traffic Characteristics Figure 3.1-5 Tourist Stop Points Figure 3.1-6 Conflict Map Figure 3.1-7 Building Heights Figure 3.1-8 Jaleb Chowk; Visual Mapping Figure 3.1-9 Jaleb Chowk; Stylistic Mapping Figure 3.1-10 S.M.S Town Hall; Visual Mapping Figure 3.1-11 S.M.S Town Hall; Stylistic Mapping Figure 3.2-1 Topography and Contours Figure 3.2-2 Terrain Slope Analysis Figure 3.2-3 Drainage Pattern Figure 3.2-4 Storm Water Conditions Figure 3.1-16 Landscape Profile Figure 3.3-1 Activity Mapping Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall Figure 3.3-2 Activity Plotting Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall Figure 3.4-1 Gist of Problems

67 68 69 70 72 73 74 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 86 88 89

Chapter 06 Figure 6.1-1 Figure 6.1-2 Figure 6.1-3 Figure 6.2-1 Figure 6.3-1 Figure 6.3-2 Figure 6.4-1 Figure 6.5-1 Figure 6.5-1 Figure 6.5-1 Figure 6.7-1 Figure 6.8-1

Economic Approach Throughout the Proposed Design and Functions Increasing Circularity Economic Flow Chart, Understanding Economic Resilience Thesis Approach Shared Use as a Design Approach Concept Tray Pedestrianizing the Site Initial Developments Initial Developments Initial Developments Zoning: Jaleb Chowk Zoning: S.M.S Town Hall

105 106 107 108 110 111 112 113 114 115 118 120

List of Tables Chapter 01

Table 1 Demographics, Jaipur Table 2. The characteristics of different urban regeneration typology in China

Chapter 02

Table 3. Definitions of Building Adaptations, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021 Table 4. Synthesis in a Form of Matrix, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021

21 44 56 64

Motivation

My personal motivation to conduct this thesis comes from the context and location which has been chosen. Being born and brought up in the city of Jaipur, I have been inclined to explore the different facets of the city. One of such facets which remained ignored all these past years in the city are the neglected portions of the City Palace Precinct. The characters of these spaces have changed with time and just function for mere utilitarian purposes which have ceased to provide a space for social interaction which they used to offer once upon a time. I see that the entire experience right now in City Palace Precinct is fragmented. There are points of conflict and underutilisation. There is a conflict between local and tourist, private space and public space and a conflict between wastewater and groundwater. Contrary to this, in the same region, I observed an underutilization of open spaces. Underutilisation and complete abandonment I would say. I noticed that even though the periphery of the site has metro and bus stops, the public transport network does not penetrate the site. I identified underutilisation of built structures. Their abandonment. Under utilisation of drains as they have now been closed off. Thus my early vision in consideration of the existing situation therefore, has been to address this fragmentation, provide a cohesive language to the precinct, minimise conflicts, utilise underutilised spaces and streamline the entire experience. Furthermore, the work is also derived as a continued interest of mine in the urbanization processes, heritage conservation and architecture as how they manifest themselves for a city, creating a cause effect scenario while considering the complexity of the city which are much higher and varied. The story is not as simple as I imagined.

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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Chapter 01 Introduction

1.1 Background Jaipur city locates itself in the western part of India. It is one of the key nodes of the golden triangle tourism circuit and is one of the main tourist places in India. It is a city of rich heritage and culture, the architectural value of the monuments and the continuous facade with the same architectural language created a strong identity as well as unified vistas. This strong identity belongs to the walled city of Jaipur. It is India’s first planned city. Now, the area occupies the most valuable land in the city with a chaotic mixture of popular tourism and low rise but high-density residence. Local people want to run away from the old city in general because of its poor living quality and from overdeveloped historical commercial streets, while tourists come to this part to find the traditional Jaipur. The city palace precinct forms a cultural and heritage epicentre of Jaipur, which is also known as a face symbol of Jaipur, largely witnessed a change after the emergency of 1975. The royal property acquisition resulted in the historical decline in the role of the palace and change in role of newly government acquired buildings which not only changed the royal palace property but opened Jaipur locally and internationally. It emphasized the importance of cultural heritage value in the city palace precinct, aiming at showing the pure traditional Jaipur culture to the public and finding back its identity. The Emergency period changed the fabric of precinct, it brought some good protectionist policies but also showed a disregard of the overall context and the walled city as a unit. The newly acquired structures and premises were assigned functions as per the contemporary needs but the infrastructure to support the same never poured in. The behaviour intensifies the conflict between tourists and local. The buildings lack contemporary functions, as a result, possible future development is locked in this area and that will only further sharpen the problem between local life and new development. At the same time, the potential of the cultural heritage scattered in the area are not fully utilized for finding back the identity. Site Summary. 50% of the total public open spaces of the walled city are under area-based development of smart city Jaipur. These spaces are Jaleb Chowk, Talkatora Lake, Pondrik park, Jai Niwas bagh and Chaugan Stadium, the location of these open spaces varies from more public-oriented built use like heritage structures to the dense residential fabric. Consequently, these public open spaces and their characters have changed, as they are now reserved for merely utilitarian purposes, and have ceased to function as facilitators for social interactions.

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1.2 Project Identification The smart-city Jaipur proposal for open spaces includes the revitalisation of Jaleb chowk (underutilised large open space) and structures around it, along with a heritage structure Town Hall (currently closed since 2000). Through this activation and the evening tourist circuit connecting all the monuments will result in tourists spending a longer duration in the city. This is a proposed project under Smart-city Jaipur. Besides that, Jaleb chowk is also the part of government India’s larger vision of Swadesh darshan scheme which is floated as Shree Krishna circuit as a part of smart-city Jaipur. The underutilisation of these grand spaces located in the most important heritage precinct of Jaipur, though they have a potential to develop as vibrant public spaces. So, the broader vision is to create a vibrant public realm and add value to the smart city proposal that envisions the precinct as cultural and heritage epicentre of Jaipur. It should serve as the centre stage of reflections of the tangible and the intangible past and present of Jaipur with overlapping narratives of the Royal History, Cultural diversity and artforms. This enables not just as a onesided projection but a two-way interaction between stakeholders. Figure 1.2-1 Smart-city Jaipur ABD proposal for the City Palace Precinct Source: Smart-city Jaipur proposal

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1.3 Site Information Inner Urban Area

Walled City

Study Area/Site

Figure 1.3-1 Site Location Source: Thesis Research; Anubhuti Chandana

Jaipur Region

Jaipur City

Walled City

Figure 1.3-2 Satellite map of old walled city of Jaipur Sources: Google Earth

Study Area

Figure 1.3-3 Satellite map of part of City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Jaleb Chowk 38,000 sqm

190m

200m

Sources: Google Earth

S. M. Town Hall 6,300 sqm

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City Palace Jaipur Precinct Figure 1.3-4 Map of City Palace

Aatish Market Area

Precinct, Jaipur

Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli Jantar Mantar

Source: Author

Old PHQ Area Jaleb Chowk S. M. Town Hall Hawa Mahal Complex Govind Devji Complex

The buildings in RED - palace private property The buildings in ORANGE - government owned Jaleb chowk is a large open ground surrounded by heritage structures. Jaleb is a distortion of a Persian word Zaleb that means parade or drill. This was the parade square of the Jaipur state Army. Ceremonial occasions saw an impressive gathering of foot soldiers and those astride horses and elephants. State processions that were always watched avidly by the local public left through the Sireh Deorhi Gate to enter the city streets. It is easy to visualize the magnificent line up of soldiers, nobles and other state dignitaries in all their finery, followed by the maharaja and his retinue of ministers. The colourful bejewelled turbans, gold inlay work swords, cross belts and long robe like coats. No wonder the local public waited for hours to catch a glimpse of these parades. When power changed hands and the royal family handed over several of their properties to the state government, Jaleb Chowk was one among the many. The state government used it for the local municipal and transport offices. Many have now shifted from here and plans are underway to try and convert this entire area into a tourist complex. For now, it is used mainly to park tourist buses and cars. Whereas, The majestic Sawai Man Singh II Town Hall was constructed in 1880–83, it has had multiple uses with the first one being to house the Jaipur Exhibition in 1883. Later, this structure was used as an Rajasthan legislative assembly hall in preindependence and now it’s a restricted zone and closed since 2000. These public spaces and their characters have changed, as they are now reserved for merely utilitarian purposes, and have ceased to function as facilitators for social interactions. Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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1.4 The Pink City in Making The need of shiting capital; Defence was an important consideration. A site at the South of Amber ensured greater distance from Delhi and also prevented the expansion of the city in that direction. It was clear that the out skirting hill ranges (Nahargarh hills) shaped as a horseshoe would allow the new city to expand only in the South. So this flat site with a basin like shape was chosen. It was an open plain bounded on the north-west and east by hills. Earlier rajput capitals were established in the hills, and so moving capital to the plains was an ex of Sawan Jai Singh’s boldness. The rocky terrain of Amber restricted expansion. Also, the location of Jaipur had the potential of developing into a city with adequate drinking water due to the presence of a perennial stream nearby and good drainage system. Its rugged hills also ensured a constant supply of building material, which might be required in the times to come. The site selected for establishing the new capital of Jaipur was a valley located south of Amber and the plains beyond, a terrain that was the bed of a dried lake. There used to be dense forest cover to the north and the east of the city. The physical constraints that informed the building of Jaipur city included the hills on the north that housed the fort of Jaigarh and the Amber palace beyond, and the hills on the east, which contained the sacred spot of Galtaji. To facilitate water supply to the new city, the Darbhavati river in the north was dammed to create the Jai Sagar and Man Sagar (that later housed the Jal Mahal) lakes. Later the Jhotwara River in the north west was diverted through the Amani Shah Nallah and a number of canals were channelised through Brahmapuri and Jai Niwas to supply water to the city. Planning of the city; The layout of the city of Jaipur wonderfully links the concept of a Shastric city with the practicalities of the chosen site. First, the straight line of the ridge suggested itself as the route for one of the main east-west thorough fares and building a road along its crest makes best possible use of the topography for the purpose of drainage. What followed then was to regularize the Amber-Sanganer road as a north-south route at right angles to it. The point of intersection would be one of the city’s main cross-roads called as chaupar’s. The development started with the construction of Nahargarh Fort and Jaigarh Fort for strategic reasons followed up by setting up of Talkatora lake and its channels. Following that, the buildings which were constructed at first were the palace buildings itself. After setting up of palace buildings, the construction of temples, observatory and Jai Niwas Bagh followed up. Divisions were marked in eight portions, ends of the roads marked by Gates in the City Wall. The central axis of the town was laid from East to West between the gates of the Sun(Surajpol) and the moon(Chandpol). This was crossed by two roads at right angles dividing the town into nine almost square, almost equally sized blocks, which were further sub divided by lanes and alleys all at right angles. The palace building covered two blocks, The city’s division into nine wards was also in conformity with the Hindu caste system, which necessitated the segregation of people belonging to different communities and ranks. The principal bazaar leads from the western gate in the city wall, The Chandpole, passing in front of the Tripolia Gate, to the eastern city gate, the Surajpole.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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Planning and design of the Walled City of Jaipur Amer Fort Mansagar Lake

Garh Ganesh

Dravyavati River

Marshy land

1. Before 1713, hypothesis regarding the position of pre-existing villages on the plain at the south of Amer.

m Singh

the aipur

Amer Fort Jaigarh Fort

Mansagar Lake

Nahargarh Fort Garh Ganesh

Dravyavati River

Talkatora Lake

Marshy land

2. 1713-25, setting up of the palace, temples, observatory and jai niwas.

Amer Fort Mansagar Lake

Jaigarh Fort Nahargarh Fort Garh Ganesh

Dravyavati River

Talkatora Lake

Marshy land

Community Wells Kund

Kund Walled City

3. 1725-43, setting up the grid, chaupars, bazaars, fortified walls, water distribution systems, and neigbourhoods.

Galta Ji

Ghat ki Ghuni Moti Doongri

Figure 1.4-1 Planning and Design of Walled City, Jaipur Source: Thesis Research; Anubhuti Chandana

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

State Capital

Jaipur the capital of Rajasthan state in India was founded in 1727 by Maharaj Jai S 16 II. Initially his capital was Amer. Over the years Jaipur established as centre of art [ Creating Commons ] culture and a face of modernity in a liberal Rajput ruling family.

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1.5 The

Post Independence, Jaipur has expanded beyond the confines of walled city. T changes have also impacted the old city fabric. On the surface not much has chan DevelopmentlikeofthePalace road widths but horse carriages have been replaced by cars and buses density has also increased which has further densify the built form in the old city.

Development of the palace Figure 1.5-1 Development of

1734 -

1718 - 1727

Palace, 1718-1727 Graphic: Author

1 6 5

1 City palace and Courts

5 Chandini Chowk and Temples

1 1

2 Govind Devji Mandir

6 Aatish Market Area

2 1

3 Jai Niwas Bagh

7 Tripolia Gate

4 Jaleb Chowk

Maharaja Sawai Jaisingh ll 1700-1743 Contributed to the major development of the palace.

The construction of palace started in 1718, and the development spanned approximately 100 years. The major development in this time period was contributed by Maharaja Sawai Jaisingh II. The construction started up with City palace and courts, setting up of Govind devji mandir, Jai Niwas Bagh, Jaleb Chowk and Chandini Chowk, followed by construction of Tripolia Gate and a horse stable at Aatish Market Area.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Mah

tal

Jaipur Region Area

7 by Maharaj Jai Singh January - May 2021 d as centre of art and

13 Sub Districts, 19 Towns, 2180 Villages Jaipur Development Authority

Administrative Division Architectural Thesis Research

s of walled city. These ot much has changed y cars and buses. The m in the old city.

Temples

11,143 sq km Urban: 489.5 sq km [4.39%] Rural: 10,653 [95.6%]

Total Population

6.6 Million Urban: 3.4 Million [52.4%] Rural: 3.1 Million [47.6%]

Population Density Households Source: Masterplan 2025, JDA

Jaipur City

Walled City 6.7 sq km 1.38 % of City

484.5 sq km 4.34 % of Region 77 Wards Jaipur Municipal Corporation

14 Wards of the City [ Creating ] Jaipur Commons Municipal Corporation 0.28 Million

3.04 Million

595 person/ sq km

6593 persons/ sq km

42164 persons/ sq km

1,145,904

381,176 33.2 % of Region

64,800 17 % of City

1734 - 1749

Post 1799

Figure 1.5-2 Development of Palace, 1734-1749 Graphic: Author

1 1 2

1 1734 - Maharaja Jai Singh Observatory; now Jantar Mantar

1 1799 - Hawa Mahal

2 1749 - Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli

2 1880 - SMS Town Hall

Maharaja Sawai Jaisingh ll 1700-1743

Maharaja Sawai Iswari Singh 1743-50

Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh 1778-1803

Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh 1835-80 Prosperity of the palace and Jaipur under his reign.

In the following years, the development was continued by Maharaja Sawai Jaisingh II in his reign. He constructed the first scientific astronomical observatory in Jaipur for his personal interests. Following him Maharaja Sawai Ishwari Singh of Jaipur constructed Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli in ode to his victory against his brother for reign of Jaipur.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Jaipur Region

raj Jai Singh February - May 2021 e of art and

Area

11,143 sq km Urban: 489.5 sq km [4.39%] Rural: 10,653 [95.6%] 13 Sub Districts, 19 Towns, 2180 Villages Jaipur Development Authority

Administrative Division Architectural Thesis Research

city. These as changed d buses. The city.

Total Population

6.6 Million Urban: 3.4 Million [52.4%] Rural: 3.1 Million [47.6%]

Population Density Households Source: Masterplan 2025, JDA

Jaipur City 484.5 sq km 4.34 % of Region 77 Wards Jaipur Municipal Corporation 3.04 Million

Walled City 6.7 sq km 1.38 % of City

14 Wards of the City [ Creating Commons ] Jaipur Municipal Corporation 0.28 Million

595 person/ sq km

6593 persons/ sq km

42164 persons/ sq km

1,145,904

381,176 33.2 % of Region

64,800 17 % of City

Figure 1.5-3 Development of

1734 - 1749 Palace, Post 1799

1. Be the p the p

Post 1799

Graphic: Author

2. 17 temp 1 1 2

1 1734 - Maharaja Jai Singh Observatory; now Jantar Mantar

1 1799 - Hawa Mahal

2 1749 - Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli

2 1880 - SMS Town Hall

Maharaja Sawai Jaisingh ll 1700-1743

Maharaja Sawai Iswari Singh 1743-50

Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh 1778-1803

Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh 1835-80 Prosperity of the palace and Jaipur under his reign.

Jaipur witnessed major prosperity and world attention during the reign of Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh of Jaipur because of his keen interests in art and literature. Apart from cultural and social acceleration he also contributed to the palace by constructing Hawa Mahal complex as zanana mahal and Sawai Mansingh Townhall as a place to hold first ever Jaipur Exhibition.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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1.6 Historical Decline in the Role of Palace

Emergency 1975

Property Acquisition 1975-77

Maharaja Jai Singh Observatory; now Jantar Mantar Used to be a privately owned observatory complex which was not accessible to the common people. Post-emergency, converted to Jantar Mantar and made to public.

1 Aatish Market Area

5 Jaleb Chowk

2 Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli

6 SMS Town Hall

3 Maharaja Jai Singh Observatory 7 Hawa Mahal Complex

Jaleb Chowk Used to be ground for royal ceremonial occasions. State processions were always watched avidly by the local people from the bazaars only. Post-emergency, state used it for the local municipal and transport offices. For now, it is used mainly to park tourist buses and cars.

Aatish Market Area Used to be a horse stable; housing the quarters for the horses and all the supporting spaces for it. A part of the royal residential complex.

During the time of emergency these privately owned spaces were converted to public by nature and new roles were assigned to these newly acquired government buildings. 4 Old PHQ Area

Town Hall Used to be an official meeting hall.

Post-independence converted into Rajasthan Legislative assembly and was active until 2000. Now, the complex is closed for any activity.

Currently state owned, now developed as commercial market with a new name ‘Aatish Market’; the green space in between now a paid parking for the bazaar, along with public toilet and a power station.

Hawa Mahal Compex Extended part of royal palace towards the street. Used to be the Zenana Mahal for the royal women. Acted as viewing palace for them to get a glimpse of day to day activities happening on the street below.

The buildings in RED - palace private property The buildings in ORANGE - government acquired property 1

Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli Victory tower; used to be the watch tower for the royals to get the aerial views of the city.

Made public post-emergency. Handed over to the control of Archaeological Department of the government of Rajasthan. Now houses Hawa Mahal Museum.

Made open to public post-emergency. Maintained by Archaeological Department of the government of Rajasthan.

Emergency 1975

Police Headquarters Used to be the residence of extended royal family. Converted to police headquarters post-emergency. Now house the office of newly constituted Jaipur Heritage Municipal Corporation.

Property Acquisition 1975-77

Change in role of newly government aquired buildings

Historical decline in the palace property

Maharaja Jai Singh Used to be a priva which was not acce

Post-emergency, c made to public. 1 Aatish Market Area

5 Jaleb Chowk

2 Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli

6 SMS Town Hall

3 Maharaja Jai Singh Observatory 7 Hawa Mahal Complex

Aatish Market Area Used to be a horse stable; housing the q horses and all the supporting spaces for royal residential complex.

4 Old PHQ Area

Currently state owned, now developed market with a new name ‘Aatish Mark space in between now a paid parking along with public toilet and a power sta

6 1

3 2

4 7

Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli Victory tower; used to be the watch to get the aerial views of the city.

Made open to public post-emergen Archaeological Department of the Rajasthan. Figure 1.6-1 Historical Decline in the Palace Property Graphic: Author

Historical decline in the palace property

Change in role of newly governm

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Figure 1.6-2 Change in the Role

Buildings

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Made public post-emergency. Handed over to the control of Archaeological Department of the government of Rajasthan. Now houses Hawa Mahal Museum.

Post-independence converted into Rajasthan Legislative assembly and was active until 2000. Now, the complex is closed for any activity.

Made open to public post-emergency. Maintained by Archaeological Department of the government of Rajasthan.

Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli Victory tower; used to be the watch tower for the royals to get the aerial views of the city.

Town Hall Used to be an official meeting hall.

Post-emergency, state used it for the local municipal and transport offices. For now, it is used mainly to park tourist buses and cars.

Jaleb Chowk Used to be ground for royal ceremonial occasions. State processions were always watched avidly by the local people from the bazaars only.

Architectural Thesis Research

Change in role of newly government aquired buildings

Graphic: Author

Aatish Market Area Used to be a horse stable; housing the quarters for the horses and all the supporting spaces for it. A part of the royal residential complex.

of Newly Government Acquired

Post-emergency, converted to Jantar Mantar and made to public.

Maharaja Jai Singh Observatory; now Jantar Mantar Used to be a privately owned observatory complex which was not accessible to the common people.

Emergency 1975

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ai Singh art and

y. These hanged uses. The .

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1.7 The Region of Jaipur Jaipur serves as the capital and the largest city in the state of Rajasthan. With a population of 3.1 million (Census of India, 2011), it’s now the 10th most populous city in India with increasing population by average of 3% each year. (World Population Review, 2017). At the current rate of growth, the population is expected to rise to 6.5 million by the year 2025 (JDA, 2011), hence a metropolitan in the making. A total of 6471 hectares of built up area was added to the Jaipur Urban Extent between 2000 and 2014 (Atlas of Urban Expansion) ‘The Jaipur District has been administratively divided into 16 Tehsils which are further subdivided into 2180 villages forming 15 Panchayat Samitis and 532 Gram Panchayats along with 10 Nagar Palika & 1 Nagar Nigam (Municipal Corporation). The Panchayat Samitis & Gram Panchayat are part of rural administrative setup while Nagar Nigam and Nagar Palika are part of urban governance’ (Jawaid, Sharma, Pipralia, & Kumar, 2017). The city has been a major attractor of tourism, both domestic and foreign, hosting almost 2.5 million tourist every year (JDA, 2011). As part of the ‘Golden Triangle’ with Delhi and Agra, the city has a well connected rail and road network in this triangular tourism corridor, along with an international airport. Further, the rate of tourism increases with approximately 18% every year (JDA, 2011). The economy today relies heavily on tourism and cultural industries with at least 32% of Jaipur’s population living and working in the walled city.

Inner Urban Area

Walled city

Study Area/Site

Planning and design of the Wa

Garh G

Dravyavati River

Jaipur Region Area

11,143 sq km Urban: 489.5 sq km [4.39%] Rural: 10,653 [95.6%] 13 Sub Districts, 19 Towns, 2180 Villages Jaipur Development Authority

Administrative Division Total Population

6.6 Million Urban: 3.4 Million [52.4%] Rural: 3.1 Million [47.6%]

Population Density Households Source: Masterplan 2025, JDA

34 - 1749

Jaipur City 484.5 sq km 4.34 % of Region 77 Wards Jaipur Municipal Corporation 3.04 Million

Walled City 6.7 sq km 1.38 % of City 14 Wards of the City Jaipur Municipal Corporation 0.28 Million

1. Before 1713, hypothesis regarding Table 1 Demographics, Jaipur the position of pre-existing villages on the plain at the south of Amer. Source: Masterplan 2025,

595 person/ sq km

6593 persons/ sq km

42164 persons/ sq km

1,145,904

381,176 33.2 % of Region

64,800 17 % of City

JDA; Graphic: Thesis Research; Anubhuti Chandana

Post 1799

Jaigarh Fort Nahargarh Fort Dravyavati River

Garh G

Talkatora Lake

2. 1713-25, setting up of the palace, temples, observatory and jai niwas. 1 1 2

2 Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Jaigarh Fort

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Historical Spaces - Entrance to Aatish Market Area; Tripolia Bazaar

1.8 Transition of Historical Spaces The streets which used to be pedestrian in nature accomodating daily activities of the people in the form of bazaars transformed into a street of heavy vehicular movement along with unplanned parking schemes. Later development witnessed construction of under ground metro in order to deal with traffic problems which itself resulted into contribution to congestion. 1877

Figure 1.8-1 Transition of Historical

The street section reflects the need of the 19th century, a wide carriageway to host processions and serve pedestrian traffic at large.

Spaces; Entrance to Aatish Market Area, Tripolia Bazaar Graphic: Author

Pedestrian traffic

Shops

polia Bazaar

Use of street during late 1880s. The street section reflects the need of the 19th century, a wide carriageway to host processions and serve pedestrian traffic at large.

Pedestrian traffic

The rapid commercialisation of the street led to congestion further pushed by encroachment and on street parking.

Shops

On-road street parkings

2 lane roads

Divider

Shops encroachments

2020 Use of street during late 1880s.Transition of Historical Spaces - Entrance to Aatish Market Area; Tripolia Bazaar

Use of street during 2000s.

The rapid commercialisation of the street led to congestion further pushed by encroachment and on street parking.

On-road street parkings

2 lane roads

Divider

Metro transit has relieved the region from small-public transport vehicles that were a key contributor to congestion.

Shops encroachments

Underground metro

Transition of Historical Spaces - Entrance to Aatish Market Area; Tripolia Bazaar 1877

2020 The street section reflects the need of the 19th century, a wide carriageway to host processions

The rapid commercialisation of the street led to congestion further pushed by encroachment and

Metro transit has relieved the region from small-public transport vehicles that were a key

and serve pedestrian traffic at large.

on street parking.

contributor to congestion.

Pedestrian traffic

Shops

On-road street parkings

Use of street during late 1880s.

The street section reflects the need of the 19th century, a wide carriageway to host processions and serve pedestrian traffic at large.

Shops

The rapid commercialisation of the street led to congestion further pushed by encroachment and on street parking.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Pedestrian traffic

Shops

On-road street parkings

2 lane roads

Divider

Shops encroachments

Divider

Use of street during 2000s.

1877

2 lane roads

2020 Metro transit has relieved the region from small-public transport vehicles that were a key contributor to congestion.

Underground metro

Shops encroachments

Underground metro

Use of street at present.

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The Aatish market has witnessed a change of function from a Horse stable and nurturing ground to a hardware and plumbing fittings retail marketplace which led to springing up of unplanned parking area.

ket

Figure 1.8-2 Transition of Historical Spaces; Aatish Market Area Graphic: Author Horse stalls

Maidan

Hay

Aatish Market area as a Horse Stable during early 1900s.

Shops

Informal parking

Road

Formal parking

Shops encroachments

Road

Transition of Historical Spaces - Aatish Market

Horse stalls

Maidan

Hay

Aatish Market now.

Transition of Historical Spaces - Aatish Market

Aatish Market area as a Horse Stable during early 1900s. The Aatish market has witnessed a change of function from a Horse stable and nurturing ground to a hardware and plumbing fittings retail marketplace which led to springing up of unplanned parking areas.

Horse stalls

Shops

Informal parking

Road

Informal parking

Maidan

Formal parking

Road

Shops encroachments

Aatish Market

Aatish Market area as a Horse Stable during early 1900

Aatish Market now.

The Aatish market has witnessed a change of function from a Horse stable and nurturing ground to a hardware and plumbing fittings

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Shops

Informal parking

Road

Informal parking

Formal parking

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Chandini Chowk used to be a place of vibrant activities of the palace which with time became obsolete and changed to a place of mere utilitarian purposes like parking.

- Chandini Chowk; Palace Complex

905

Figure 1.8-3 Transition of Historical Spaces; Chandini Chowk

Palace gates

Vibrant activities

Tripolia gate

Graphic: Author

2020

Chandini chowk during 19th centuary

Palace gates

Handicraft hawkers

Parking

Tripolia gate

Transition of Historical Spaces - Chandini Chowk; Pal

1892; 1905

Chandini chowk now.

Transition of Historical Spaces - Chandini Chowk; Palace Complex Palace gates

1892; 1905

2020 2

Chandini Chowk

Chandini

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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Jantar Mantar Area, which used to be a private observatory became public after the emergency witnessing unplanned developments around in the name of tourism based development. 2016 Pedestrian traffic

Palace walls

Vehicular traffic

Handicraft shops

Food stalls

Pedestrian traffic

Compund wall

Figure 1.8-4 Transition of Historical

Jantar Mantar

Spaces; Jantar Mantar Area Graphic: Author

Jantar Mantar road now.

Transition of Historical Spaces - Jantar Mantar; Palace Complex

1963

2016 Palace walls

Pedestrian traffic

Vehicular traffic

Pedestrian traffic

Handicraft shops

Food stalls

Compund wall

Jantar Mantar

1963 3

2016 Palace walls

Jantar Mantar

Pedestrian traffic

Vehicular traffic

Handicraft shops

Pedestrian traffic

Food stalls

Compund wall

Jantar Mantar

Jantar Mantar road now.

Jantar Mantar

Jantar Mantar road now.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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Jaleb Chowk, a parade ground during the Royal rule, saw itself become obsolete gradually. Post emergency, this was turned into a notary office congregation which still continues to exist, but has complitely transformed the context around, from a center of hustle-bustle to empty streets.

Figure 1.8-5 Transition of Historical Spaces; Jaleb Chowk

torical Spaces - Jaleb Chowk Graphic: Author

2020

Jaleb Chowk as parade ground 1880s. Common ground as waiting area

Verandah for notary activities

Office use

arade ground during the Royal rule, saw itself e gradually. Post emergency, this was turned ce congregation which still continues to exist, ely transformed the context around, from a ustle to empty streets.

Transition of Historical Spaces - Jaleb Chowk Jaleb Chowk key section

Jaleb Chowk post emergency. Pigeon ground

Deteriorated structure

Parking

Road

1930

202

Transition of Historical Spaces - Jaleb Chowk

Jaleb Chowk, a parade ground during the Royal rule, saw itse become obsolete gradually. Post emergency, this was turne into a notary office congregation which still continues to exis but has completely transformed the context around, from center of hustle-bustle to empty streets.

Jaleb Chowk now.

Transition of Historical Spaces - Jaleb Chowk 1930

2020

Jaleb Chowk as parade ground 188 Common ground as waiting area

Jaleb Chowk key section

Jaleb Chowk, a parade ground during the Royal rule, saw itself become obsolete gradually. Post emergency, this was turned into a notary office congregation which still continues to exist, but has completely transformed the context around, from a center of hustle-bustle to empty streets.

1930

2020

Jaleb Chowk

Jaleb Chowk as parade ground 188 Common ground as waiting area

Jaleb Chowk, a parade ground during the Royal rule, saw itself become obsolete gradually. Post emergency, this was turned into a notary office congregation which still continues to exist, Jaleb Chowk key section but has completely transformed the context around, from a center of hustle-bustle to empty streets.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Jaleb Chowk post emergency. Pigeon ground

Deteriorated structure

Parking

Road

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S.M.S Town Hall, initially constructed as a space for hosting Jaipur Exhibition which got converted into Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Post-Independence, but since construction of new Vidhan Sabha, the building got abandoned with no use till date.

Open To Sky Space

Landscaped Entryways

Figure 1.8-6 Transition of Historical

Public Access

Spaces; S.M.S Town Hall

ownhall

Graphic: Author

2021

Jaipur Exhibition 1880 Skylights

Introduction of steel Truss Roof for Assembly Hall

Dilapidated

Natural Deterioration

Landscaped Entryways

Public Access

aipur mbly dhan

As Vidhan Sabha 1940s - 2000

Open To Sky Space

Transition of Historical Spaces - Sawai Mansingh Townhall

1942

Open To Sky Space

Wild Vegetation

No Access

Landscaped Entryways

Public Access

Landscaped Entryways

Public Access

Wild Vegetation

No Access

2021

Jaipur Exhibition 1880

Town Hall Now.

Skylights

Introduction of steel Truss Roof for Assembly Hall

Dilapidated

Natural Deterioration

SMS Town Hall, initially constructed as a space for Jaipur Exhibition got converted into Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Post-Independence, but since construction of new Vidhan Sabha, the building got abandoned with no use till date.

As Vidhan Sabha 1940s - 2000

Transition of Historical Spaces - Sawai Mansingh Townhall

Open To Sky Space

SMS Town Hall

1942

Town Hall Now.

2021

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Skylights

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1.9 The Site

Figure 1.9-1 The Site Towards Govind devji Mandir

Source: Author

196 m

Maha l Hawa

210 m

66 m

Road

94 m

rds Ja

ntar M

antar

67 m

Towa

196 m

94 m 10

Jaleb Chowk 13

S.M.S Town Hall 12

1:1500

+25.8 m +10 m

Total Site Area - 53,760 Sqm. Chota Chowk - 6,300 Sqm. Jaleb Chowk - 41,160 Sqm. S.M.S Town Hall - 6,300 Sqm.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

67 m

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Sireh Deori Gate

Govind devji Gate

Chota Chowk

Jantar Mantar Gate

Jaleb Chowk Gate

S.M.S Town Hall

Jaleb Chowk

ADMA office

City Palace Gate

Govt. School Complex

Museum Gate

Police Headquarters

The Palace School

Jantar Mantar

9 Intervention Spaces

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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Figure 1.9-2 Buildings and grounds of Jaleb Chowk Sources: Author

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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Figure 1.9-3 Maharaja Sawai Mansingh Town Hall Source: Author

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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1.10 The Posed Problem The discontinuity and a lack of coherence in the precinct brings a conflict of commercial, residential, institutional, tourism and hospitality industries. For the problem between heritage buildings and locals: Locals are a part of the heritage. They can’t be sweeped away to protect the physical buildings. Both locals and the physical building are the keys to finding back the authentic culture, which actually is the thing that tourists are looking for. For the problem between heritage buildings and tourists: The new added cultural heritage value is asking those buildings to transform from a private character into a relative public character. That means an accessible and legible spatial structure is needed in order to let people find those heritage units

Figure 1.10-1 Conceptual Framework; Step-1

Heritage Units

na of ck

tio

Heritage Units

int

vig

ion

Source: Author

ion at vig

tio

int

Units

Locals STEP 3.1

Guiding system

STEP 1 use: Control of environment Adaptive

na of

ion

Recuperation

a er

STEP 3.1 Low social interaction

ion

a er

vig a

Adaptive use: Control of environment

Locals

int

Tourists

ro Ze

tio

STEP 2 Guiding system

Heritage Units

int

Source: Author

ro Ze

tio

STEP 2 vig a

Framework; Step-2

STEP 1 Recuperation

Low social Heritage interaction

Tourists Figure 1.10-2 Conceptual

Locals

Tourists

Low social interaction

STEPsocial 3.2 Low interaction Adaptive reuse: Control of social interaction Tourists

Locals

STEP 3.2 Adaptive reuse: Control of social interaction

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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easily. However, the spatial configuration of buildings in the precinct remains old as a result discordant phenomenon let visitors miss the chance to meet the heritage buildings properly. They just guided by the commercial shops alongside the main lane, or by guides with a vague cognition of the identity of this place. For the problem between locals and visitors: Local people perceive those heritage buildings as normal buildings for their daily function, while tourists perceive those buildings as the symbol of authentic Jaipur culture. A low social interaction happens with this mismatch perception. The current developments are mostly tourist centric. This phenomenon intensifies the conflict between these two groups.

1.11 Thesis Vision

Disconnected heritage units network There are many famous tourist spots surrounding the area. They are the city palace, Jantar Mantar, Hawa Mahal, and the Govind devji temple. All of them were built at the early stage of Jaipur, as a result, none of them are connected with each other in a continuous spatial network under tourism context. The disconnected spatial structure, in other words, shows the missing design of the visiting route. It shows the overlapping for 3 layers: commercial area, heritage sites and visiting routes of people. There’s a strong overlap between the distribution of commercial function and people’s movement. There are no clear guidelines for visiting routes, people just follow the guidance of shops and main roads. The interventions will address these problems with a design proposal that will connect the area with surrounding tourism spots in order to integrate a large scale tourism network as well as providing a physical environment that supports the positive social interaction between locals and/or tourists. The posed Problem First, the current urban and social conditions around the City Palace Jaipur are critique. The space seems to lack both social and physical qualities, probably because of the ambiguous coexistence between its local and tourist character and due to the overlapping interests of multiple participants- the Royal Family, the trade and commerce, locals and the tourism industry. The interventions will address these problems with a design proposal that will reorganize the neighbourhood of the palace by enhancing its possibilities. The project will bring new functions to the area in regards to the new future design plans that will take place in a few years. At the centre of the debate will be the community: how to create an effective design through the respect of it and its culture. Then, the project will dig into the adaptive reuse proposal. In fact, the main issue to be tackled will consist in the realization of spaces through the restoration of the culture of making as a means to bring the people together and grow together.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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Aim The main aim of the project is to improve the sociability of the site by restructuring vacant and misused open spaces, adapting heritage buildings in the palace complex, reorganising them into well-programmed opportunities for recreation, and providing improved social and physical infrastructure. Objectives - Strengthening and Unifying Community, by creating public spaces to anchor activities altogether and by recreating the idea of porosity and transparency in/from the building. - Improving Connectivity (physical + temporal), by improving the connectivity of building to the street, and to explore the idea of revealing, concealing and juxtaposition. - Providing Economic and Cultural Opportunity, by using an innovative design programme to create an economic opportunity by supporting creative SME’s ( small or medium sized enterprise )

Figure 1.11-1 Overlapping Problem to Draft Vision Source: Author

Continuous & coherent; restructuring and adapting vacant and misused heritage spaces; reorganisation

Discontinuity & lack of coherence; overlapping interests; vacant and misused heritage spaces

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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1.12 Research Question

Main Research Question “How to maximise the potential of heritage to create spaces for commons in city palace precinct through the creative adaptation of heritage structures, the design of legible urban space and active social interaction?” Sub-Research Question 1. How to integrate scattered heritage buildings within the existing tourism spots? 2. What spatial elements is missing now towards a legible urban space? 3. What program can supportHeritage the active social interaction between locals and tourists? Units

tio

int

vig

ion

4. How does the social interaction changed with the changing of physical environment in study area and so in city palace precinct?

Low social interaction

Tourists

Locals Figure 1.12-1 Conceptual Framework; Step-2

STEP 1 Recuperation

Heritage Units STEP 2

Source: Author

STEP 3.1

tio

int

vig

Tourists

Adaptive use: Control of environment

at io

Guiding system

Low social interaction

Locals

STEP 3.2 Adaptive reuse: Control of social interaction

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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1.13 Research Based Thesis Design Framework 2.4 Research Based Thesis Design Framework Figure 1.13-1 Design Framework

Observation -Excessive tourism -Discontinuity and a lack of coherence -Closed heritage buildings

Sources: Author

Site Selection City Palace Precinct area

Context Study -Development VS Conservation VS Tourism VS Locals -Heritage revitalization in Jaipur Literature review

Theoretical framework -Heritage revitalization -Implication for the new urban regeneration approach

Strategy Three steps for heritage revitalization in City Palace precinct area

Enriched vision improve the sociability of the city by restructuring vacant and misused open spaces, adapting heritage buildings in the palace complex reorganising them into well-programmed opportunities for recreation, and providing improved social and physical infrastructure.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

buildings and people Literature review

STEP 1 Recuperation

Literature review

Vision A balanced relationship between locals, tourists and heritage units on multi-scale

Problem Field

Theory Study -Authenticity -Everyday Urbanism -Community Development

Existing condition Study -Micro urbanism and the idea of built environment

Literature review

Literature review/ Field trip

Study of the default design -Built environment and their setting study

SUB

Field trip / Mapping

New Urban Regeneration Approach -Governance -Urban design principles

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Problem Field

buildings, tourists and locals

residents and tourists

Literature review

STEP 2 Way finding system

Theory Study -Space syntax

Theory Study -Urban Legibility

Literature review

History development -Street pattern -Street hierarchy

STEP 3 Adaptive reuse

Theory Study -Control of social interaction -Control of physical environment Literature review

History evolution -Block level -Study and analysis of heritage buildings -Value assessments Literature review Mapping, Case study

Literature review / Mapping

Existing Situation of Urban Space -Building function Street Network Study -Existing situation -Assessment and improvement

-Legibility analysis -Routes map for different user group

Space syntax / Mapping

Mapping / Field trip

Planning & Urban design -Visiting routes -Zoning plan -Edge design guideline -Node design guideline

People’s activities -Locals & Tourists Observation/ Conversation

Social interaction between locals and tourists -Network scale -Street scale Literature review Case study

Urban design & Pilot design -Building transformation design guideline -Pilot project design

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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1.14 Research Method Literature Review Literature review is the most used method in this undergraduate thesis. At the beginning of this project, this method helps to develop the problem that I perceived in my daily life into a sound rationale. The literature I used is the books, essays, academic papers, reports and publications addressing the issue of urban redevelopment and urban regeneration, heritage conservation and heritage revitalization, tourism development and tourism impact, the conflict between these three actors. Some site-specific datain recent study helps me to show the concrete problem directly at the early stage when I am not able to investigate the problem on site. Most of the literature talked about the conflict between local life and the redevelopment, which refers to the conflict between residents and tourists. With further literature review, the research scope was gradually narrowed down. From a general issue of urban regeneration that always exists in historical city, to the conflict that can be reflected in the physical environment between heritage units and the social group. Case Study Case study is mainly used at the middle stage of the project. Besides the implication that learned from the theory review, case study provides an empirical implication which is more adaptive to the specific background. In other words, it provides more inspiration on a design approach that can directly advance the strategies and spatial responses on a different scale. For example, the ‘Activity Generation Plan’ in Hoi An, Vietnam has a strategy that welcomes the future development function, which inspires the zoning plan in my project. Di Giovine (2009) introduced a successful urban regeneration project that implementing a adaptive event spaces as catalysts to reconcile the relationship between tourism, heritage and local life. It shows a strong power of the traditional culture. On building scale, a lot of successful transformation project of courtyard houses provides the possible function choice and the adaptive reuse method of the old structure. From societal aspect, Rypkema (2008) address the positive correlation between heritage conservation with job and household income, this could be regarded as an opportunity for the low-income group to join in the conversation of this redevelopment process and benefit from it. Field Trip As a famous tourism site, the precinct area always attracts lots of people, as well as the attention of government and new developments. Therefore, it was critical to visit the site and gather the latest information, observe the impact of new developments, understand the changing usage of space. Moreover, field trip gives me the chance to experience the site as a user inside the problem.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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Mapping Much of the problem that mentioned in the context can be visualized through satellite images, tracing, analytical maps, drawings and perspective profile drawing. As a research design based in the thesis design studio, the historical analysis plays an important throughout the research and design process. Later development becomes legible when including ‘time’ in the analysis (Leo, 2004). The drawings of Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall not only shows their physical environment but also reflect people’s need. As a result, through the comparison of those drawings in different time, people’s demand can be learned from their self-construction in the physical environment. Conversation Conversation consists of questionnaire and interview. For the investigation of societal group, questionnaire surveys, informal conversation and formal interview were both widely used in the project and in previous seminars to know about reality and need social group which is the daily users, tourists and locals. Formal and informal interview were used on people who were acquainted with the site area to the need to acquire rich data from a smaller population. The interviewees included municipal government official, leaders of different local non-profit organization for heritage conservation, and some shop owners. Formal interview was conducted, each continuing for at least 20 mins, and audio-records were made.

1.15 Expected Outcome

As is shown in the research framework, the expected output consists of radical interventions like revamping new circulation routes, adaptive reuse of existing structures and changing the image of the site by building insertion as a way of conservation. Furthermore, this project finds a rational way to sustainably reuse the heritage in the historical area. With the heritage revitalization standing in the middle, the new urban regeneration approach redefines the position of heritage in the socio-economic model and relate it to the need of social group.

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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1.16 Hypothesis Zhang (2018) pointed out that heritage revitalization is an economic behaviour more than a business activity if it can find a position in the socio-economic model and relate to the real demand. The potential and enormous creativity of heritage will be activated with a flexible heritage revitalization approach from this economic perspective. Adapting this viewpoint to the context of City Palace Precinct, the potential of those heritage units can be clearly seen. Heritage units is the only physical element in the main problem, it carries the conflict between tourist and residents, tourism and local life. For the former one, the conflict was spatially reflected into physical environment aspect. For the later one, the conflict was economically reflected by excluding residents from the tourism industries benefit. Based on this, the hypothesis was proposed: “Heritage conservation units in City Palace Precinct have the potential to support the positive social interaction and involve local people within the new development, while bringing back the lost identity.”

Figure 1.16-1 Potential of Heritage Source: Zhang, J.(2018)

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1.17 Summary

Scientific relevance The conflict between heritage conservation, tourism and sustainable development was mentioned very early by Nasser(2003). It argues for a sustainable approach to the management and planning of heritage places based on a community and culture-led agenda. The necessity of adaptive use and the power of local management were especially pointed out. However, there are two knowledge gaps in his study. Firstly, the actor of heritage, locals and tourists are rarely discussed at the same time from the users’ perspective. Secondly, the discussion stayed at the problem level, only suggestions and guidance were given. So far, there is still no urban regeneration approach that can be specifically applied in the spatial dimension. Societal relevance This new urban regeneration approach roots in the real life. From the very beginning, the problem was discovered from the perspective of a user. During the research, methods like field trip, conversation and questionnaire was adopted, which really helps to form the harsh reality. The intervention in this approach is the response to each segmental question. As a result, it does improve people’s experience. Multi-stakeholders’ rights were considered in this project, especially for the locals in this area. So far, they are the most vulnerable group in this developing game. Their side has been bit neglected by the booming tourism industry, however, tourism do benefit them indirectly. The potential and importance of them are particularly emphasised through the whole regeneration process, from analysis to building transformation, the right of vulnerable group is considered in the intervention on different scales. Limitations The reference and material that I used are still limited, and the topic is also targeted to the problem in City Palace Precinct only and has been emphasised at the very beginning. As a result, the specific regeneration approach might unfit other historical area in Jaipur In addition, due to the limited number of samples, it is impossible to conduct house-to-house research and it is difficult to take into account the needs of all users.

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1.18 The Design Programme The design programme has been formulated by considering the proposal document envisioning Jaleb Chowk as ‘Global Arts and Crafts Square’; altering the proposal for S.M.S Town Hall from cultural performance area to ‘Community Cultural and Activity Centre’ and a rational to introduce programmes to strengthen the proposal. The programme is split into three main components; the idea of having traditional and contemporary art forum mixed with innovation and maker’s space to kind of have this symbiotic relationship to feed of each other coupled with communal cultural spaces all tied together through the community. The development of Jaleb Chowk is based on the success of Masala Chowk, Jaipur. The idea is bring Jaleb Chowk as a forefront of all the monuments near by and to increase the stay time of the tourists in the walled city by showcasing eight indigenous crafts of Jaipur at one single place. The focussed crafts are Kathputli, Dhurrie, Gota-patti, Bandhej, Miniature Painting, Blue pottery, Laquer making, and Tarkaashi work. The spatial requirements have been formulated considering them. Jaleb would act as a place of social interaction between tourists and locals because there is this touristy stretch of Jantar Mantar and City Palace Museum as well as way towards Govind devji mandir. On the other hand, S.M.S Town hall would be envisioned as a locals hub catering the modern day spatial requirements needed by old city people. Personal interviews were conducted from locals in order to formulate the spatial needs. The smart city Jaipur proposal for Jaleb Chowk only talks about traditional crafts, the name of the project was imagined to be Global Arts and Crafts square thus, spaces needed for performing and contemporary arts has also been considered in the programme formulation. The design proposal is based on phase wise development. First phase of the development deals with adaptive reuse of heritage structures surrounding Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall itself, whereas second phase deals with redevelopment of Jaleb Chowk ground along with a building insertion to accommodate contemporary programmes which cannot be accommodated into heritage structures due to structural and spatial reasons.

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Chapter 02 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework

Table 2. The characteristics of different urban regeneration typology in China Source: Guo & Tian, 2018

Looking through the characteristics of different urban regeneration approach in the past in case of china as shown in table above, it is observed that heritage is mentioned in all of district types but with a different definition. Meanwhile, the method of regeneration also varies between different approaches. Some of them completely replaced the poor quality area with brand new tidy antique buildings, some of them vacated all local residents and commoditized the renovated buildings. Different approaches result in different outcomes, thus, a clear manifesto of heritage revitalization needs to be defined for study area i.e Jaleb Chowk and for S.M.S Town Hall. With a clear definition, an urban regeneration approach which lets the heritage stand in the middle can be formed.

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2.1 Definition of Heritage The ‘heritage’ mentioned here refers to the ‘tangible culture’, or cultural property, and the ‘intangible culture’ given by Judge and Michel’s (2009). The tangible culture is about the physical items, while the intangible culture is about the non-physical aspect that more often maintained by social customs. Authenticity The definition of authenticity in the earlier version of the World Heritage Operational Guidelines (2005) was referred to 4 parameters: “design, material, workmanship and setting” It was seen basically in reference to the tangible material of the heritage. In the 1994 expert meetings on authenticity in Nara, a new definition for the ‘conditions of authenticity’ was given as (Jokilehto, 2006): “Depending on the type of cultural heritage, and its cultural context, properties may thus be understood to meet the conditions of authenticity if their cultural values (as recognized in the nomination criteria proposed) are truthfully and credibly expressed through a variety of attributes, including…” Most of the traditional buildings in Jaipur are mainly made of stone and lime They are essentially the masonry structure which can last for thousands of years. As a result, the construction and restoration concept is different. The East world pays more attention to the intangible value of historical buildings, that is, the integrity of maintenance and the inheritance of technological crafts. To sum up, for the tangible aspect of heritage which generally refers to the physical buildings, different degree of interventions was allowed as long as it respects the traditional construction techniques and details while maintaining the legibility of historic landscape. Everyday Urbanism As it was mentioned in Everyday urbanism (1999): “…the city designers must be open to and incorporate the elements that remain elusive: ephemerality, cacophony, multiplicity and simultaneity…” Everyday urbanism is nonutopian because it celebrates and builds on everyday, ordinary life and reality, with little pretence about the possibility of a perfectible, tidy or ideal built environment (Kelbaugh, 2000). It is radical concept because it challenges the urban design by intention with the urban design by default, that is, it prefers the self-conscious idea generates from ordinary people’s daily life rather than the generic design product. An accretional method that aligned with community is proposed instead of a community process that is mandated by the state and decision-making on a large scale (Mehrotra, Crawford, & Speaks, 2005). To sum up, everyday urbanism is calling for an urbanization process which pays more attention to a ‘bottom-up’ system, rather than a ‘top-down’ system starts from zero. It should respect the existing environment and leaves the possibility for the local and progressive urban development. Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

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Community Development The United Nations defines community development broadly as ‘a movement where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions for an effective development pattern.’ The community development mentioned here refers to the one in Japan which originated in the 1960s (Hu, 2013). According to the classification of Hu (2013), the type of ‘citizen participation’: “During this period, the community development transits from pure protection to the creation of a modern environment based on traditional culture. The administrative actions of the government are gradually transformed into the conscious behaviour of the citizens because of the participation and support of the citizens.” which emerged under the context of historical district can help to build up the framework for a new urban regeneration approach in old Jaipur. The most valuable experience of Japanese community development is that it doesn’t solely rely on government departments. Instead, it mobilizes local residents as much as possible and at the same time establishes various implementing agencies such as ‘community construction association’ and ‘hometown association’ (Liang, 2014). Those agencies build a bridge between residents and the transformation process of the community, which let them take the responsibility and at the same time gain benefits. Adapting concept of ‘community development’ into the context of City Palace Precinct especially pointed out the importance of local people’s group and their participation in the regeneration process. Besides the physical buildings, the people who surrounds those building, as well as the social network between locals and the emotional connection between locals and precinct should also be protected, thus forming the comprehensive conservation and regeneration. The original function of the precinct should be kept as much as possible. By the redevelopment of historic cultural resources, locals’ participation and the efforts of all stakeholders, a win-win situation can be achieved. The social liveability of locals will be improved and certain economic benefits will be reached. Figure 2.1-1 Reason and theory back for the redefinition of ‘heritage’ in City Palace Precinct Source: Author

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2.2 Way-finding Framework

City Palace Precinct has always been a residential area since it’s establishment As time goes by, cultural heritage value was added to those historic buildings, especially to the one used to be owned by the royal family. The new added cultural heritage value is asking those building to transform from a private character into a relative public character. That means an accessible and legible spatial structure is needed in order to let people find those heritage units easily. However, the spatial configuration of precinct remains the same structure that supports its original private residential function. This discordant phenomenon let visitors miss the chance to see the heritage unit. They just guided by the commercial shops alongside the main lane with a vague cognition of the identity of this place. Apparently, there is a missing design of visiting routes and guidance from a visitors perspective. That’s why people’s movement is purely guided by shops. Firstly, the knowledge gap between cultural transmission and planning resulted in the missing of ‘visiting route design’ The job of transmission is to let the audience experience the value and spirit of cultural heritage, it doesn’t care about the movement of people as long as they are standing inside the heritage landscape. But for the urban planner, the visiting route is also missing in their design. For example, like the design of people’s stopping points and viewing points. Design of visiting route needs to be done based on a better understanding of the spatial structure of site and surroundings. The design of people’s movement guidance can be directed by the theory of urban legibility. Urban Legibility Lynch (1960) talked about the concept of place legibility, by which people can understand the layout of a place easily. Paths, edges, nodes, districts and landmarks are the five important urban elements that shape the urban space. Paths provide directional movement. Edges are the certain boundaries with a continuous certain form. Nodes are the anchor points that can draw the attention by its’ form. Districts are large areas that have homogeneous characteristics. Landmarks are distinctive features that are easy to remember. In this regard, Beattie (1990) suggests that: “Comprehensible environment [is] one which has a discernible structure and the structure is based on a network of paths punctuated with orientating devices in the form of nodes and landmarks and discriminated into districts which are clearly defined by boundaries and edges.” The elements that mentioned in urban legibility can be used as the basic elements in the threedimensional design, working together with the design of visiting route in two dimensional. It will emphasize the importance of people’s perspective, which can fill in the gap of stopping points and viewing points design.

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Figure 2.2-1 Reason and theory back for building a guiding system to heritage units

PROBLEM

Source: Author

People’s movement vaguely guided

People miss the chance to meet heritage units

PROPOSED SOLUTION Guiding system that introduce heritage units to people

2D: Visiting routes

3D: Spatial guidance

THEORY BACK UP Space syntax

Urban legibility

Figure 2.2-2 Reason and theory back for adaptive reuse of heritage units

PROBLEM

Source: Author

Inappropriate function

Mismatch perception

PROPOSED SOLUTION Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings

Clear responsibility regulation for concerned people

Physical environment that supports conservation between locals and tourists

THEORY BACK UP Control of environment

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Control of social interaction

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2.3 Adaptive reuse of Heritage Conservation Units

Based on the redefinition of heritage above, both historic buildings and people’s daily use should be protected. The most ideal condition is that some of them with special historic value can work as communal space for local people and tourists. At the same time, all the building, no matter what function they are, should be properly maintained. However, the reality is harsh. Most of the buildings are underutilised and abandoned. The mismatch perception of tourists and residents caused a strong conflict Local people perceive the heritage units as mere buildings, while the visitors’ point of view, the heritage units and the local people are the symbols of traditional authentic Jaipur culture. This two problems can be studied through the theory of control of social interaction and the physical environment. Control of Social Interaction The ‘control’ here specially mentioned the one by the end-users, rather than the formal control given by municipality or other stakeholders. Frankly speaking, the result of social control is a series of space that gradually transits from public to private. It can be defined as privacy zoning that allows individual users to regulate their social interaction (Machiel Van Dorst, 2005). In this concept, privacy and territories are two important actors. Privacy is about the degree of access, while its spatial equivalent is territories, which give control to the owner and make the environment legible for visitors and people passing-by (Machiel Van Dorst, 2012). Control of Physical Environment An open frame is designed for users to create a changeable infill in the design theory of John Habraken (Machiel Van Dorst, 2012). This is always happening: people constantly changing their physical living environment. Machiel Van Dorst (2012) apply this concept under the sustainable built environment context. While the problem in Site study area needs to be addressed from heritage building aspect. The buildings should interact with its users and vice versa. But the intervention should be done with the respect of the traditional construction techniques while maintaining the legibility of historic landscape. Those principles now are missing in the existing scenario so that locals having zero interaction with heritage buildings. Thus there is a need to address this issue of low interaction by adapting these structures which would in return create spaces of interaction as well as could hold up the potential of economic generation.

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2.4 Theoretical Framework

Theory

Enlightenment

Authenticity Jokilehto, 2006

Value of historic building, traditional techniques and traditional materials

Everyday Urbanism Crawford,1999

Value of the self-conscious design

Community Development Hu,2013

Power of people and the bottomup system towards a sustainable development

Space Syntax Hillier & Hanson,1989

Understand the spatial network of palace precinct. Assess and improve its rationality.

Urban Legibility Lynch,1960 Weisman,1981

Legible urban space with clear way easily.

Control of environment Van Dorst,2012

Sustainable built environment is always open for change from users

Control of social interaction Van Dorst,2005

Social interaction needs to be supported by physical environment

Authenticity provides a criteria for the intervention on historic buildings, Everyday urbanism respects the self-design from people, these two theories set a proper degree for future intervention. In the new urban regeneration approach, the new intervention needs to follow these three rules: a) it has to be technically safe, b) it has to respect the traditional construction techniques and architectural details, c) it has to maintain the legibility of historic landscape. Therefore, phenomena happened in the past, for instance, complete replacement, construction of fake antiques and activity of patching all open walls will not happen anymore. Community development highlights the power of residents in the regeneration process,

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Process for Heritage Revitalization

Implication for Urban recuperation approach

[What should be protected?]

Planning & Governance

-Historic buildings -Precinct life

Figure 2.4-1 Theoretical Framework Source: Author

- Appropriate consideration of both locals and tourists in the regeneration process - Clear responsibility regulation

[How to get people here?] Guiding system -2D: Visiting routes design -3D: Stopping points and visiting points design

[How to activate the old building?] Adaptive use of heritage units -Positive social interaction between locals and tourists - Heritage units appropriately occupied by suitable functions

Urban Design - Principles: small scale intervention respect traditional technique and keep the historic landscape guideline along the visiting route -Zoning design based on the visiting route that control the function of future development - Block scale design of heritage conservation units with new functions

especially for the important role of some non-profit organisation (Hu, 2013). Therefore, more speaking right for residents and non-profit organisations should be given by the planning tools in the new urban regeneration approach. Based on the visiting routes, a zoning of mixed-use and residential area can be defined to control the function of future developments. Commercial function are only allowed in the mixed-use area alongside the visiting routes. Stopping and visiting points will be design with a continuous space according to the elements of urban legibility to constantly guide people’s movement along the route.

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especially for the important role of some non-profit organisation (Hu, 2013). Therefore, more speaking right for residents and non-profit organisations should be given by the planning tools in the new urban regeneration approach. Control of social interaction creates a healthy physical environment for the conservation between tourists and residents in this historical area. A series of spaces that naturally transits from streets to the inside of the heritage buildings will be designed with the proper zoning. It can cater both the original and new function of this historic area. Control of the environment makes sure the value of heritage won’t be damaged under people’s daily use. These two theories achieve the adaptive use of heritage conservation units. The attentive new urban recuperation approach considers more stakeholders right, at the same time keeping the authenticity of traditional Jaipur culture. Based on the discussion above, a theoretical framework for a new urban regeneration approach can be formed, with the new defined heritage revitalization standing in the middle.

2.5 Synthesis of Practitioners Views on Creative Dealing With Building Services : Adaptation of Dilapidated Heritage Structures Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021. Source: Author

The need; There are a lot of studies based on adaptive reuse of heritage buildings which are quietly available in all kinds of sources although there isn’t any kind of synthesis of practitioners’ view on considering building services during the process of adaptation of heritage buildings available. It is important to consider the building services in these heritage buildings which either have to be retained or replaced whatever the situation demands. The premise; The design and management of building services must be given priority in order to promote the care and prospective use of the historic buildings. Building services can help enhance the internal atmosphere of heritage buildings when built in an acceptable way, can help extend their lives in beneficial use and can aid in the preventive maintenance of heritage buildings. Scope of the research; The research covers the study of considering building services in adaptation of heritage buildings with an aim to synthesize practitioners’ views on the same. The limitation; The research focused only on consideration of building services while in the process of design and execution of building reuse and redesign. For the purpose of data collection, questionnaires were floated and limited to 27 practitioners only.

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The Abstract; Structures with heritage values are an important component in reflecting the lifestyle and artistic character of cities and the communities in and around Rajasthan. In the present day times, the idea of creative adaptation of these heritage buildings has been considered as one of the strategies to protect these buildings from both present and future generations. To promote the care of these buildings and to promote its prospective use, attention must be paid to the design & planning processes along with a careful adaptation of building services in these buildings. Upgrading of the existing building services within heritage structures requires creative imagination to value the materials and respect original design while meeting and managing occupant needs and applicable building codes. It is important to have a balance between preserving original features and introducing new equipment & innovations by adapting heritage buildings and managing building services. The main aim of this paper is to synthesize the perspectives of practitioners on dealing with building services while in the process of adaptation of heritage buildings. For this paper, review on literature has been done in order to understand the terminologies of concepts behind architectural conservation theories and management of building services in the adaptation of heritage buildings. A questionnaire is prepared for the same as a part of data collection. A synthesis is expected on the practitioners views on dealing with building services after the formulation of a questionnaire based on the literature and case study review. Keywords; Adaptive reuse, Heritage buildings, urban regeneration, building services, practitioners view. Background; The design and management of building services must be given priority in order to promote the care and prospective use of the historic buildings. Building services can help enhance the internal atmosphere of heritage buildings when built in an acceptable way, can help extend their lives in beneficial use and can aid in the preventive maintenance of heritage buildings. Introduction; There is an increasing awareness about heritage buildings being an important component of social capital and that the preservation of it offers cultural, socio-economic benefits to the urban communities. The notion and the process behind whether to restate a heritage building bring about a complicated set of considerations including Market trends, architectural assets, heritage and location as well. The role of conservation has shifted from preservation to becoming part of the wider urban regeneration and sustainability strategy. The general instinct is probably that the built environment should not be altered. However, the resources consumed on redesign, are greater than those used on new buildings, and this therefore challenges the set notion. This may appear as mere expediency, but deeply rooted theories are at the consequence of the expedient. Apart from convenience, the ideas behind reuse through interventions in existing, have been strongly promoted, and aptly so. A work of alteration and intervention in a built form of a different era or style, is a representation of history in a tangible form. Apart from being an example of restoration, or being objectified as a work of art, architectural reuse is shifting its focus to the building being a product of urban regeneration, hence uplifting its cultural and social value. In an era where the past is being uplifted, worked upon and directed towards building a future, it becomes necessary to understand the dynamics governing this process, in order to retain a palpable history for the present and the future. For the same, it is important to consider the building services in these heritage buildings which either have to be retained or replaced whatever the situation demands.

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Aim; “ Understanding the role of context and synthesis of practitioners’ views on dealing with building services while in the process of design and execution of building reuse and redesign. ” Objectives; -To understand terminologies of concepts and objectives behind architectural conservation theories. -Deriving kinds of building adaptations based on the understanding of above. -Deriving strategies for handling building services while in the adaptation process of the heritage buildings. -Referring guidelines in order to understand types of reuse and major challenges related to building services. -To understand and synthesize practitioners perspectives and views on dealing with building services while in the process of building reuse and redesign. -To formulate a matrix which can ultimately result into the praxis or strategies on dealing with building services in creative adaptation of heritage buildings. Main research question; What can be the strategies in planning and design of building services in the process of adapting heritage buildings? Sub research question; In the context of creative adaptation of dilapidated heritage structures. - What are terminologies of concepts and objectives behind architectural conservation theories? - What are the different kinds of building adaptation which can be applied in the case of heritage buildings. Problem of building services in heritage buildings. - What are the guidelines and strategies for handling building services in the adaptation process of heritage buildings? On the basis of vision of the paper. - What can be the practitioners perspectives and views on dealing with building services while in the process of building reuse and redesign. -What could be the synthesis of these perspectives? Expected outcome; A synthesis of practitioners’ views and perspectives towards dealing with building services in heritage buildings in a form of a matrix which would eventually provide a base research for the thesis semester. Research methodology; For this research, review on literature and case studies are adopted in order to understand the terminologies of concepts behind architectural conservation theories, kinds of heritage building adaptations and management of building services and considerations of it in the adaptation of heritage buildings. A questionnaire is prepared for the same as a part of data collection. A synthesis is expected as a part of final outcome on the practitioners views on dealing with building services after the formulation of a questionnaire based on the literature and case study review.

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Research methodology flowchart Basis for

Literature Review

Case Studies

Data Collection

Expected outcome

Matrix formulation

Synthesis

Conclusions

Figure 2.5-1 Research Methodology, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021 Source: Author

Sub-Research Questions

In the context of creative adaptation of dilapidated heritage structures. Domain of Interest

Creative adaptation of heritage buildings

Q1. What are terminologies of concepts and objectives behind architectural conservation theories? Q2. What are the different kinds of building adaptation which can be applied in the case of heritage buildings.

Theoritical & Analytical Framework

Vision

Synthesis

Literature Review Scope of Study

Data Collection Problem of building services in heritage buildings.

Consideration of building services in the process of adaptation of heritage buildings

Questionnaire

Q1. What are the guidelines and strategies for handling building services in the adaptation process of heritage buildings? Literature Review

Synthesis of Practitioners views on creative dealing with building services. Matrix

Limitations - Questionnaires will be floated limited to 30 practitioners only.

Case Studies Main Research Question

What can be the strategies in planning and design of building services in the process of adapting heritage buildings?

On the basis of vision of the paper.

Q1. What can be the practitioners perspectives and views on dealing with building services while in the process of building reuse and redesign. Q2. what could be the synthesis of these perspectives? Conclusion

Literature review; Review of architectural conservation theories The most important conservation architectural approaches and theories are figured and identified The chosen approaches mostly discusses about 3 main interventions, conservation, restoration, and restoration-conservation: In relation to contemporary adaptation to heritage buildings, the theories of Architectural Conservation of the 19th and 20th centuries showed that the priority system for conserving heritage structures has moved from a cost base to technical and consumer demands.. Preservation is typically undertaken either to prolong a heritage structure’s existence or to keep the structure usable at the same time. Jokilehto pointed out that various kinds of deterioration, including ageing, weathering, and degradation by use, are continually faced by buildings. Building wear levels depend on the state of the building, regarding its maintenance and materials, so repair techniques can differ depending on various building cultures and technologies as a consequence. Morris claimed that the renovation of heritage structures made it unwilling for the coming generation to research upon them, as heritage structures had undergone a change based on the meaning and the spirit of their own moment, leaving history in the void. Zeitgeist theory, as seen by the ideas, lifestyle and beliefs of the time, is commonly characterised as the defining character of a particular time in the history. Antirestoration was studied to concentrate on maintaining the original state and nature of the structures within their own fabric and history, while restoration depended, where possible, on a modification to some parts of heritage structures. Three methodologies were applied by Boito:’ archaeological restoration’ relating to ancient monuments,’ picturesque restoration’ relating to mediaeval monuments, and’ architectural restoration’ relating to Renaissance and other historical monuments. Riegl identified and classified many values related to heritage monuments into two “memorial values” and “present-day value” categories. Age importance, historical value, and intended memorial values are included in the memorial values. The present-day value includes: use value, art value, relative art value, and newness value. In addition, Riegl recognised three types of potential ways of restoring wall paintings: “radical” refers to a minimal interference in order to preserve the feeling of an old and decayed painting; “art-historical” refers to the restoration and preservation of the

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original painting as evidence of the past; and “conservative” refers to the completion and reconstruction of the original painting as evidence of the past. Brandi regarded restoration as an act of critical understanding and stressed the “restoration of the potential unity of the work of art as long as this is possible without producing an artistic or historical falsehood and without erasing the passage of time.” Brandi described restoration-conservation as a methodology that begins in its aesthetic and historical sense with the identification of a work of art and its physical state, taking into account its transmission to the future. Stylistic renovation of a heritage building using the same materials or preservation of all signs of deterioration and previous with different materials on a heritage buildingofand work carried outwork withcarried differentout materials on a heritage building and restoration the restoration of the building. building. Different historical layers of a building can be seen by holding intact remains of

previous works carried out on heritage buildings throughout history. A multi-layered Different historical layers of a building can be seen by holding intact remains of previous works historical building is a gift from the past, as reported by Powell. Plevoets, who considered carried out on heritage buildings throughout history. A multi-layered historical building is a gift that thefrom connection of the various historical layers of a building would increase the depth the past, as reported by Powell. Plevoets, who considered that the connection of the and richness its memory and contribute to increase the spirit the of adepth city, reinforces this of its memory variousofhistorical layers of thus a building would and richness feeling.and The thus project's architectural was to preserve this a tangible of the architectural contribute to thephilosophy spirit of a city, reinforces feeling.memory The project’s heritagephilosophy of the building, the essential existing fabric, new was tovalue preserve a tangible memory of and the incorporate heritage ofstrong the building, value the essential existing fabric, and incorporate strong new elements that were functional and elements that were functional and contemporary, but sympathetic. Presently, the ideas of contemporary, but sympathetic. Presently, the ideas of conservation and regeneration of conservation and regeneration of the 19th and 20th centuries are the cornerstone of the the 19th and 20th centuries are the cornerstone of the current movement of adaptation current movement of adaptation by incorporating various ways of adaptive reuse over by incorporating various ways of adaptive reuse over time. These theories showed how the time. These theories showed how the priority structure for the preservation of heritage priority structure for the preservation of heritage buildings has moved from a value base to buildings has moved from a value base to the requirements of technology and users. These the requirements of technology and users. These ideas, under modern growth, have become ideas, under modernguidelines growth, have theoretical and policies. theoretical andbecome policies. However,guidelines these concepts are However, less considered in the these concepts are less considered the contemporary practise adaptive and thusguidelines and contemporary practise ofinadaptive reuse, and thusofremain asreuse, theoretical remain policies as theoretical guidelines andimplemented policies that are still beingatimplemented that are still being periodically the nationalperiodically and international levels. at the national and international levels. Table 3. Summary of Categorised Definitions of

Summary of the categorised definitions of building adaptation terminologies based on the following OF keyTHE references 3.2 SUMMARY CATEGORISED DEFINITIONS OF BUILDING

ADAPTATION TERMINOLOGIES BASED ON THE FOLLOWING KEY REFERENCES

Building Adaptations, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021 Source: Author

Category

Definition

Adaptation

Any work on a building to improve its purpose, efficiency and capability (over and beyond maintenance)

Scope

Advantages

References

Change the A minimum shift Kralj & Markic, 2008; Park function of to a substantial & Tucker, 2017 fabric. buildings, Energy efficiency, Building upgrade

Conservation

Conservation is a way Maintenance of taking care of a , Repair. place's environmental and cultural value to preserve its sense.

Respect for a Purwantiasning et al., 2013; Živković et al., 2016 place's environmental and cultural value in order to preserve its importance.

Preservation

Maintaining a building's Deteriorating structure in its present systems,

The fabric is Kralj & Markic, 2008; Park maintained and & Tucker, 2017

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state by slowing down its deterioration.

Damaged structures

harm mitigated.

Restoration

By removing accretions or reassembling existing components without the introduction of new content, the existing fabric of a place is restored to a known earlier condition.

Maintenance It deals more Albatici et al., 2016; stylistic Antoine et al., 2016; Ma , Repair, with reconstruction. et al., 2012 Aesthetic appearance.

Refurbishment

Construction refurbishment is the method of upgrading the existing conditions for the new use of a house. It may include the restoration of previously appropriate conditions or the enhancement of existing structures, including the introduction of energy conservation strategies and the development of renewable energy.

Reparation, renovation, upgrading of infrastructure, energy conservation.

Reducing the effect of existing buildings on the life cycle.

Retrofitting

To boost energy usage and performance, building retrofitting means incorporating or updating an existing building with features or functionality that it was not originally installed with. Retrofitting focuses primarily on envelope upgrades, structures and the addition of renewable sources of energy.

Energy conservation, building envelopes, replacing HVAC systems, green energy supplements.

Albatici et al., 2016; Improving Antoine et al., 2016; Ma energy efficiency and et al., 2012 comfort for inhabitants.

Ghose et al., 2017; Institute of Historic Building Conservation, 2019a; Passer et al., 2016

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Rehabilitation

The process of restoring, changing, or adding to a decaying building to make it compatible for use requires building rehabilitation. Rehabilitation often involves components that are damaged or decaying, often including the foundation, but can involve the framework, openings and envelope of the building.

Damaged structures, mechanisms for degradation, envelopes and openings.

Prevents Brás et al., 2017; Garrido demolition. et al., 2016 Increasing the protection of buildings and extending the building life cycle.

Renovation

Renovation is the process by which obsolete components are replaced or fixed or the internal spatial structure of existing buildings is remodelled.

Remodelling, energy conservation, interior design, cosmetic appearance.

Increasing appearance and comfort for occupants. Energy performance restoration.

Adaptive Reuse

By modifying its purpose and optimising the reuse and preservation of existing materials and structures, adaptive reuse is the method of reusing an outdated and derelict building.

Bullen & Love, 2011; Change of Preventing demolition/wast Conejos et al., 2011; building e reduction, Langston et al., 2008 activities, enhancing restoration, economic/soci redesign, al performance. retrofitting, reuse of materials.

Conversion

Ástmarsson et al., 2013; Jensen et al., 2018

The technique of Change the Reducing the Purwantiasning et al., adapting redundant function of use of resources 2013; Živković et al., 2016 and abandoned buildings. and emission of greenhouse buildings that do not gases, satisfy their users or are increasing the no longer used by quality of living. altering their purpose is building conversion.

Material Reuse

The method of partially Recover used restoring or refurbishing materials and recovered materials reuse them from existing buildings to use them more than once for various purposes is material reuse.

Waste minimisation. Decreasing use of materials and electricity.

Kralj & Markic, 2008; Park & Tucker, 2017

Table 3.1 Summary of The Definition Of Building Adaptation Terminologies. 3.3 BREAKDOWN OF BUILDING ADAPTATION INTO CATEGORIES Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Breakdown of Building Adaptation in Two Refurbishment and Adaptive Reuse Types. The

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Breakdown of building adaptation into categories Breakdown of Building Adaptation in Two Refurbishment and Adaptive Reuse Types. The subcategories of Retrofitting, Reconstruction, Restoration, Conversion and Material Reuse, tagged by their structural characteristics, separate each of the categories. Categorisation of building adaptations Figure 2.5-2 Breakdown of Building Adaptation Into Categories, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021 Source: Author

Upgrading of building service systems Modern construction facilities pose a great challenge to the conservation of architecture. The technological criteria are also difficult to reconcile with the ideals of conservation. If inadequate attention is provided to the design and construction of building facilities, the outcome and damage to the building may be catastrophic. On the other hand, if the renovation or upgrade is performed in a sympathetic and acceptable way, an old building may be given new life through the renewal of building services. There are three main strategies to deal with creative adaptation of building services in reuse of heritage buildings: -Install new building services systems - Re-use existing building services systems - Upgrade existing ones 1. Inspection and Appraisal It is often useful and important that existing building facilities are inspected at the very beginning of the conservation project. The goal is to see whether the systems do not pose a threat to the historic building’s fabric and to check if they are working properly. Due to the often inadequate or lacking documents and details on the building systems in old buildings, full investigation through site survey and user consultation is required. Service engineers will test the condition of existing structures and the refurbishment or renewal plan would be discussed with relevant professionals such as architects, structural engineers, historians and contractors. In the rehabilitation of old concrete structures, equipment and structural features are also important (Gold and Martin, 1999).

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The amount of refurbishment scheme required depends on the current situation, the specifications of the client and the capital allocation. The cost and time of renovation projects tend to entail more complexity and risk than new-build projects, from previous experience. Good preparation and contingencies, therefore, are required. In addition, the evaluation and analysis of the calculated drawings and architectural design will allow a better understanding of the building and its principles of passive design. This will include new concepts for planning improvements to the interior climate and designing the ventilation and air conditioning system (Park, 1999). For the proper selection and design of building service systems, a detailed understanding of the building in its historical context is very necessary. The main concerns to look at include: - Understand older construction technology and the properties of old materials (e.g. finding an interstitial area appropriate for operating services). - Understand the influence of the local climate on the building as a structural and environmental spatial structure and its physical and thermal characteristics. - To assess the need for renewal and preservation, consider the past of electrical and mechanical installations. 2. Planning and Design The components of building services in a building usually last 15 to 30 years (Moss, 2001). The building services components must have been replaced or renovated many times during the lifespan of a historical building that stands 100 years or more. Therefore, a vital strategy for the building owner and manager is the control of the maintenance of building facilities and continuous upgrading. Guidebooks such as CIBSE (2000) and CIBSE (1994) set out the general concepts for the efficient operation and maintenance of structures for construction services. It appears that the general approach is still applicable when applied to historic buildings, but careful attention must be paid to the criteria of architectural conservation. For instance, we can need to use components that would usually be deemed inefficient or uneconomical, such as air ducts of odd cross-sectional dimensions, in order to respect the character of the building. In most cases, it is better to shield the systems from sight using hidden pipework and service space than operating exposed facilities and services, unless one of the conservation artefacts is the importance of historic building services. The routes and techniques of distribution are also a matter of aesthetics. Detailed design of the delivery of building facilities must be carefully carried out and checked on site to enhance the appearance and ensure usability for inspection and maintenance. To prevent inappropriate intrusions, new installations should be skillfully hidden. In certain cases, decorative features associated with building services systems are retained and preserved, such as grilles, lighting fixtures, ornamental switch plates and cast iron radiators, so that the visible character of the historical systems can be displayed and a retrospective atmosphere created. Needless to say, new legislation and building codes may pose a risk to historic buildings as they can find it difficult to comply with them, such as structural, fire, safety and hygiene issues. Building owners and civil servants have to deal with them in a versatile way. In order to find sensible compromises, the logic behind the regulations must be understood and tradeoffs made. To diagnose the problems and find the right solution in consultation with other experts, a holistic approach is required. Building services engineers shall work closely with the neighbouring trades and consider the specific characteristics of existing structures in order to avoid inappropriate design and materials. On aspects of fire safety, for example, Bukowski, Nuzzolese, and Bindo (2001) pointed out that regulatory schemes focused on efficiency are well tailored to the unique needs of historical frameworks. In historic buildings in the U.S.A., Watts (2001) identified several different approaches to controlling fire protection and said that performance codes would offer versatile solutions to the problems.

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3. Occupant Needs and Sustainability People’s perceptions of building service quality are now far higher than in the past. In any building today, modern building facilities such as air conditioning, ventilation, fire safety, cabling and telecommunications are an integral feature. To retain the usefulness of historic structures, these facilities need to be modified and the needs of the occupants taken into account. In addition, with increasing global concern for environmental sustainability, promoting sustainable design, enhancing the efficiency of buildings and reducing the environmental impact is imperative. It is really a challenge to comply with all these building service systems specifications without causing irreversible harm to the integrity of the architecture. Installations for construction facilities that are consistent with the spatial, thermal and physical characteristics of the historic building must be planned. Often, using the possible benefits of historic buildings to meet modern requirements, such as using the effects of thermal mass and the benefits of natural ventilation combined with shutters and blinds, is a successful option. To enhance sustainability, CIBSE (2002) has recommended the following: - Improve health and indoor environment - Use of more sustainable materials and material reuse - Adopt efficient plant and system - Reduce water use - Reuse existing services and components People must also be aware of the value of proper commissioning and testing after refurbishing the construction service systems. It is advisable, like all new-build projects, to properly record as-built installations for future reference and to provide building owners with maintenance manuals and schedules. This will ensure that the design purpose has been fully executed and the continuing maintenance and operation of the building can be efficiently carried out. Data Collection Conduction of survey The study of literature based on problems in upgradation of building services forms the basis of the study. A questionnaire was prepared in order to get perspectives on creative dealing with building services in the process of adapting heritage structures from the practitioners who had done similar projects in the past or dealing with this genre of projects or had enough knowledge for it. Questionnaire was floated through google forms. A synthesis of practitioners’ views and perspectives towards dealing with building services in heritage buildings in a form of a matrix is expected as mentioned above as well. Structure of questionnaire The survey is mainly divided into three parts, Survey-1 talks about the work background and work experience of the respondents. Survey-2 is based on questions related to creative dealing of building services while in the process of adaptation. The questions were mostly situations based. Revolving around respondents insights and preferences. Questions were asked related to these concerned services- HVAC, Fire Fighting, Water supply/drainage, Lighting, Elevator. Survey-3 was based on respondents’ general perspectives and comments for the above. ( refer appendix for questionnaire )

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PART 3

Respondents general perspective

- Respondents comments.

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21 questions | Mode of Circulation - Google Form

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Framework of analysis

Data Retrived from Questionnaire

Figure 2.5-3 Framework of Ana-

lysis, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021

Data Sorting

Source: Author

Likert scale based data

Qualitative data

Data analysis from under sub-heads

Other data

Pie charts, graphs, other modes of data representation

Categorisation of sorted data into sub-heads Data comparision Synthesis in a form of a matrix

( Expected Outcome )

Results and analysis The following responses were received from the 27 respondents from the survey. Their views and perspectives strengthen the study. The survey CHAPTER 6 is mainly divided into three parts which are quite well explained under the research methodology head of this paper.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

Refer appendix for results, findings and analysis.

A synthesis of practitioners' views and perspectives towards dealing with building Conclusion and future work services in heritage buildings in a form of a matrix is prepared which would A synthesis of practitioners’ views and perspectives towards dealing with building services in

eventually provide a base forof dealing building services in the process of heritage buildings in a form a matrixwith is prepared which would while eventually provide a base

for dealing with building services while in the process of adaptation for the thesis semester. adaptation for the thesis semester.

[ HVAC ]

Design recommendations

Design considerations

Installation of combination HVAC system or if applicable, VRF zoning system.

Building structural systems can be weakened, if large equipment gets installed.

Insights

Problem of moisture from these systems may damage surfaces. [ Fire fighting ]

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To minimize the problem of moisture Pre-action sprinkler system to be used.

Exposed water supply pipework systems might be explored more. Problem of moisture from

Problem of a concealed pipework system can be avoided or, if needed, an old construction manner to be

Problem of moisture from these systems may damage surfaces.

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[ Fire fighting ]

[ Water supply & drainage ]

To minimize the problem of moisture Pre-action sprinkler system to be used.

Exposed water supply pipework systems might be explored more. Problem of moisture from these systems may damage surfaces.

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Problem of a concealed pipework system can be avoided or, if needed, an old construction manner to be adopted. Having specialised fire fighting system mitigating from outside.

In case of pipe replacement, UPVC pipes can be used well than

New plumbing systems merging with old drainage networks can be

It is quite often that old drainage networks are possible to be

others.

explored.

retained.

New plumbing system with an entirely new drainage network based on zoning can be done.

[ Daylighting ]

In spaces with extremely low lighting levels, Inserting skylights or surface punctures in a traditional/conte mporary way can improve lighting levels.

[ Elevator ]

In case of installing an elevator, prefer to install outside the building if possible.

Elevators can be installed in a heritage building keeping in mind safety measures are as important Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur as conserving

punctures in a traditional/conte mporary way can improve lighting levels.

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[ Elevator ]

In case of installing an elevator, prefer to install outside the building if possible.

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Elevators can be installed in a heritage building keeping in mind safety measures are as important as conserving heritage.

[ Electrical ]

Consideration of electrical services and addition of electrical fixtures.

[ Structural ]

All service considerations revolve around the building’s structural stability.

[ Emergency ]

Consideration of emergency services, evacuation routes, signage, lighting, etc.

Table 4. Synthesis in a Form of Matrix, Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021

Table 5.1 Synthesis in form of a matrix

Source: Author

Way forward The research based on synthesis of practitioners' views on creative dealing with building services : adaptation of dilapidated heritage structures would be a carried forward for the thesis semester as it would provide a base for dealing with services in a form of design considerations, recommendations and the insights from practitioners would provide a direction of dealing with problem situations.

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Way forward The research based on synthesis of practitioners’ views on creative dealing with building services : adaptation of dilapidated heritage structures would be a carried forward for the thesis semester as it would provide a base for dealing with services in a form of design considerations, recommendations and the insights from practitioners would provide a direction of dealing with problem situations. References Author. (n.d.). New Uses for Heritage Places: Guidelines for the Adaptation of Historic Buildings and Sites. Retrieved from https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/publications-search/ new-uses-for-heritage-places-guidelines-for-the-adaptation-of-historic-buildings-and-sites Mansour, H. (n.d.). CHALLENGES FACING IMPLEMENTATION OF HVAC SYSTEM IN ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HISTORIC BUILDING. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/36877754/CHALLANGES_FACING_ IMPLEMENTATION_OF_HVAC_SYSTEM_IN_ADAPTIVE_REUSE_OF_HISTORIC_BUILDING Shahi, S., Esnaashary Esfahani, M., Bachmann, C., & Haas, C. (2020, December). A definition framework for building adaptation projects. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC7326450/#bib0320 Yazdani Mehr, S. (2019, March 18). Analysis of 19th and 20th Century Conservation Key Theories in Relation to Contemporary Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/25719408/2/1/61 Kaveesha.shah. (n.d.). Reuse: Redesign. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/kaveesha.shah/docs/thesis_ kaveeshashah_ui1110 Misirlisoy, D., & Günçe, K. (2016). Assessment of the adaptive reuse of castles as Museums: Case of Cyprus. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 11(2), 147-159. doi:10.2495/sdpv11-n2-147-159 Optimising existing buildings. detail.9783955531690.118

(2011).

Sustainable

Building

Services,

118-127.

doi:10.11129/

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Chapter 03 Site Study and Analysis

This stage involved studying- The history and understanding the overall transformation and thus the issues and challenges the city of Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall and the immediate context- City Palace Precinct. - Studying the physical settings- land use, circulation, existing issues in regards to infrastructure, ownership patterns. - The geo-ecological aspects of the site. - Existing activity and built use, patterns and temporal changes to understand the issues and underlying causes. Overall hierarchy and spatial organizations, product based commerce typologies and their respective share and possible scope for re-conception. - Spatial study- transformation, layouts of both formal and informal entities to understand the diverse needs and issues. - Understand the overall sense of place to develop a sensitive and inclusive response.

3.1 Physical Setting of the Site

It involved computation of Land Use, Circulation, Existing Infrastructure, Ownership, Green and open spaces Map.

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nal

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Land use map Legend:

Legend:

Residential

Commercial

Institutional

Built

Mixed Use

School

Hospital

Open green space

Temple

Guruduwara

Mosque

Green Space

Softscape

Pie chart

Legend: Built Open green space

The precinct contains a variety of land uses, from protected built to commercial zones. This makes the precinct of unique characters exhibiting various functions and typologies within a small radius. A rigid landuse is observed, predominantly Institutional. road edges as commercial, residential restricted to the back.

Figure 3.1-1 Land Use Map Source: Author

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Built v/s open spaces Legend: Built Open green space

en space

The Urban Grain of the region is largely coarse in the western half and fine grained in the eastern half.

Figure 3.1-2 Built v/s Open Space Source: Author

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Though the site observes good open spaces quantitatively, the qualitative aspect of them remains blurred between various functions that have been assigned in an ad-hoc manner, with a strong impression of Jaleb Chowk being underutilised along with vacant ground of S.M.S Town Hall.

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Street volumes

Figure 3.1-3 Street Volumes Source: Author

The graphic above shows the street volumes which are their on the site and in the precinct. The things which are observed is that streets do not conform to the volume of the streets themselves. Widest roads see 6 meter built volume and so does the narrowest 20ft streets. This reflects unplanned growth despite planned design of the region. The buildings however remains underutilised but the streets witnesses recurring congestion.

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Hierarchy of roads and circulation : traffic characteristics

To Sanganeri gate & Airport

Figure 3.1-4 Hierarchy of Roads and Circulation: Traffic Characteristics

The width of the primary streets is 111 feet. The development along the streets is mixed use with commercial area i.e the shops on the ground floor and residences on the above. Proper footpaths for pedestrians are also provided.

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The width of the secondary road is 56’. They also have mixed use development, due to which the roads remain congested throughout the day. There is a high degree of conflict between pedestrians and the vehicles.

The tertiary roads mostly comprises of residential area with shops in some parts on the ground floors. The streets are very narrow and congested. Only pedestrian and two wheeler can pass through these lanes.

Though there is a distinct hierarchy of roads in the precinct or the walled city for the case, the gradient of these hierarchies at places is uneven and abrupt. A 10m wide road might stem from a 30m boulevard, with same configuration in the street sections. The site streets are lagging in promoting walkability and other NMVs alternatives which is a crucial factor for International tourist and local populace as well. The site also witnesses chaos in parking, at some stretches parking space being exhausted round the clock, while empty parking spaces at others.

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Tourist Stop Points Traffic movement; tourist stop points

Trade & Commerce Religous & Cultural

Tourist Stop Points

- SouvenirAntiques - Antiques Domestic TouristHandicrafts Handicrafts- SouvenirHotels SojournRoomsRooms BnB - BnB Hotels--Sojourn a. There is a clear shortage of tourism Points Interest Points of Interest oriented commercialisation along the Transit Transit Node Node Hawa Mahal Road, which Tourist Facilities Touristalso Facilities undermines the commercial Public potential Toilets Public Toilet

Tourist Stop Points

Tourist Tourist Anchors Anchors

also an observable shortage of hospitality services to serve the high influx of tourists in this region. d. This stems from rigid administrative policies and rigid control over activities in the precinct.

Restaurant - Cafe - Eateries Handicrafts- Souvenir- Antiques Hotels- Sojourn Rooms- BnB Points of Interest Transit Node Tourist Facilities Public Toilet Commercial Anchors

International Tourist Restaurant CafeEateries Restaurant - -Cafe - Eateries

of the stretch. Commercial Commercial b. Whatever tourism-related Anchors Anchors interactions happen, they happen at either of the two roads that surround the precinct. c. There is

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Restaurant - Cafe - Eateries Handicrafts- Souvenir- Antiques Hotels- Sojourn Rooms- BnB Points of Interest Transit Node Tourist Facilities Public Toilet Commercial Anchors

Tourist Anchors

c. There is also an observable shortage of hospitality services to serve the high influx of tourists in this region. d. This stems from rigid administrative policies and rigid control over activities in the precinct.

Tourist Anchors

c. Points There is also TouristTourist Stop Stop Points observable shortage Trade & Commerce Religous & CulturalTrade & Commerce Religous & Cultural International Tourist Domestic Tourist International Tourist Domestic Tourist

a. There is a clear shortage of tourism a. There is a clear of tourism oriented commercialisation alongshortage the along the Hawa Mahal oriented Road, commercialisation which also Mahalpotential Road, which also undermines theHawa commercial of the stretch. undermines the commercial potential of the stretch. b. Whatever tourism-related b. Whatever interactions happen, they happen attourism-related interactions either of the two roads thathappen, surroundthey happen at the precinct. either of the two roads that surround Figure 3.1-5 Tourist Stop Points the precinct.

Restaurant - Cafe - Eateries an Restaurant - Cafe - Eateries Handicrafts- SouvenirAntiques of HandicraftsHotels- Sojourn RoomsBnB Souvenir- Antiques Points of Interest Hotels- Sojourn Rooms- BnB hospitality services to serve Points of Interest Transit Node Tourist Facilities Transit Node the high influx of tourists in Tourist Facilities Public Toilet this region. Public Toilet Commercial Tourist d. This stems from rigidAnchors Anchors Commercial Tourist Anchors Anchors administrative policies and c. There is also an rigid control over activities c. There of is also an observable shortage in the precinct. observable hospitality services to serve shortage of

services to serve the high influx hospitality of tourists in the high influx of tourists in this region. region. d. This stems this from rigid This and stems from rigid administrative d. policies administrative rigid control over activities policies and in the precinct. rigid control over activities in the precinct.

Source: Author

top Points ourist Stop Points

Restaurant - Cafe - Eateries Restaurant - Cafe - Eateries Handicrafts- SouvenirAntiques HandicraftsHotels- Sojourn Rooms- BnB Souvenir- Antiques Points of Interest Hotels- Sojourn Rooms- BnB Points of Interest Transit Node Tourist Facilities Transit Node Tourist Facilities Public Toilet Public Toilet Commercial Tourist There is an observable shortage of hospitality services to Anchors Anchors Commercial Tourist serve the high influx of tourists in the region. Anchors Anchors

c. There is also an This stems from rigid administrative policies and rigid c. There of is control also over an activities in the precinct. observable shortage observable hospitality services to serve shortage of services to serve the high influx hospitality of tourists in the high influx of tourists in this region. region. d. This stems this from rigid d. This stems from rigid administrative policies and Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur administrative rigid control over activities policies and

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Traffic movement; conflict map Abandoned Underutilised Ad Hoc Choke Areas Bottlenecks

Figure 3.1-6 Conflict Map Source: Author

The site observes large chunks of underutilised and ad hoc spaces due to conflict in functions allotted after royal land acquisition.

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Building heights

Figure 3.1-7 Building Heights Source: Author

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The buildings at Jaleb Chowk is G+1, whereas of Town Hall it is G+4 from the back. This makes the site much more spacious and open. As most of the buildings around the site are old and follow almost same height, so the new intervention must be in accordance to the building heights of the surrounding structures so that it doesn’t hamper the vistas and ambience of the palace precinct.

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Jaleb Chowk Visual Mapping

Figure 3.1-8 Jaleb Chowk Visual Mapping; Source: Author

Sense of Space- Large Open Grounds, Strong Visual Axes. Appearance - G+1 Structures all around, Verandas on Grounds - Terraces Above, Quarters Entryways. Traces of Damage - Dilapidated and fallen portions in the structures, Natural Deterioration. Use of Spaces - Encroachment, Notary Services, Parking.

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Jaleb Chowk Stylistic Mapping

Figure 3.1-9 Jaleb Chowk Stylistic Mapping; Source: Author

Architectural Style - Hindu-Rajput and Indo-Saracenic. Architectural Elements - Brackets, Jaalis, Jharokhas, Tessalations on Wall, Multi-foil Arches, Doric Columns. Material Used - Stone, Lime Mortar and Lime Plaster, Timber. Structure - Stone Masonry with Lime Mortar, Stone Slabs, Colonnade.

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S.M.S Town Hall Visual Mapping

Figure 3.1-10 S.M.S Town Hall Visual Mapping; Source: Author

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S.M.S Town Hall Stylistic Mapping

Figure 3.1-11 S.M.S Town Hall Stylistic Mapping; Source: Author

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3.2 Geo-Ecological Study of Site

The geological aspects like topography, drainage and landscape were studied. Possible adaptive measures were explored to develop an overall climate response and measures for the project.

Topography and contours

Figure 3.2-1 Topography and Contours Source: Author

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Figure 3.2-2 Terrain Slope Analysis Source: Author

The topographical landscape of the context has been modified through successive infrastructure and construction projects that have altered the natural drainage patterns. Tal Katora lake is under ecological threat from unchecked flow of sewage from neighbouring discharge points. This will even lead to contamination of underground water and cause severe pollution to the water base of Jaipur. The lack of permeable surfaces has started to show the adverse ecological impact in the precinct, that it faces acute shortage of water with Ground Water Level falling below 45 meters, one of the lowest in the The grounds of Jaleb chowk observes a contour difference of 4mts. ( though considerably flat ), with a drainage flow towards top right corner as it is the lowest most region in the ground.

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Drainage pattern

Figure 3.2-3 Drainage Pattern Source: Author

Tal Katorra lake is under threat from foul water seepage as waste water from surrounding context still flows directly into the lake. Previously, for very same reason the lake was dewatered due to high pollution levels, but now the lake has been regenerated to restore its function. A further redevelopment of the lake has been proposed by the Municipal Authorities.

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Figure 3.2-4 Storm Water Conditions Source: Author

The lack of stormwater management systems has also led to complete runoff of rainwater and flooding which leads to heavy erosion of topsoil and waste of water- a precious resource for Jaipur. The site needs a complete revamp of the wastewater management systems as it is suffering through a lot of problems that it exists in a condition beyond repair. Thus, new xerophytic plantation can be adopted with tree grates to shade footpaths with minimal care and maximum shade. New built structures should use RWH systems to recharge groundwater table along with eco-pavers for water permeability where-ever possible.

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Landscape profile

Most trees , unplanned and re-sprouted from the primary layer of trees in walled city.

Figure 3.1-16 Landscape Profile Source: Author

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The vegetation profile of the precinct also reflects lack of a balanced ecosystem that can enhance the ecological value of the place. There is a severe imbalance in vegetation diversity and density. Moreover, vegetation patterns is also scattered and incidental in nature, which fails to provide continuous shade or bringing down Urban Heat Island effect. Thus, the site holds great potential to enhance ecological value of the place along with the design programme.

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3.3 Activity Setting of the Site

Figure 3.3-1 Activity Mapping Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall Source: Author

During the day over here presently there is this small portion where notary work happens, but apart from that the porches and the open grounds have been encroached.

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The vast open space is fragmented into two and used for parking which is active around the 9-5 time. After that only the pavement dwellers and encroacher’s stay. Activities function from 9-6 however its 24x7 is occupied illegally. There is an opportunity in this place as the connecting point between the local and tourist crowd. On the south is the tourist stretch of the city palace and Jantar Mantar, up north is the Govind Devji temple which witnesses a heavy influx of locals. Jaleb chowk comprises of buildings that enclose a big open space. These buildings belong to the government. A part of them is used for notary purposes while the rest is closed and exposed to encroachment. The Palace school and a City Palace entrance abut the space. Activities in this area revolve around the administrative offices set up here. After which Jaleb Chowk serves majorly as a transition and parking space for the locals. It provides a direct access from the Hawa Mahal road to the City Palace. This acts as parking space for City Palace event bookings.

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Figure 3.3-2 Activity Plotting Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall

Notary Activities

City Palace Entrance

Small Kiosks

Encroachments

Source: Author

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3.4 Problems Identified

Problems Identified Figure 3.4-1 Gist of Problems Created Olena Panasovska from the by Noun Project

‘Underutilisation’

‘Conflict’

Source: Author

Open spaces Local vs Tourist NMVs and Footpaths Private space vs Public space Built structures Waste water vs Ground water Drains

‘Choked’ Public Infrastructure

Bottlenecking of gates

The entire experience on site is fragmented. There are the points of conflict and underutilisation. There is a conflict between local and tourist, private space and public space and a conflict between wastewater and groundwater. Contrary to this, in the same region, it is observed an underutilization of open spaces. Underutilisation and complete abandonment of them. Even though the periphery of the site has metro and bus stops, the public transport network does not penetrate the site. There is underutilisation of built structures. Their abandonment. Under utilisation of drains as they have now been closed off. So, the goal is here, therefore, is to address this fragmentation, provide a cohesive language to the precinct, minimise conflicts, utilise underutilised spaces and streamline the entire experience.

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Chapter 04 Case Studies and Learnings

Based on the inferences from the site study, certain study areas were identified. Based on above, the cases were selected and studied to explore the possible manifestation in regards with the particular factors and defines a set of design measures for the design intervention. The cases were broadly selected on the basis of: 1. In the context of creative adaptation of heritage structures. 2. In the context of shared use as a facilitation of social interaction. 3. On the basis of programme; cultural, commercial, recreational and community. Amongst the nice chosen cases; four cases were live visit cases while others are literature sourced based cases. The limitation due to COVID-19 pandemic lock-down restricted the live visits of other cases; however constructive insights have been drawn out from the comparison which provided base for conceptual development for the project. The case studies have been compared in the following heads in order to drawn out critical inferences: - Form, zoning, circulation and architectural treatment. - Informal commerces - Socio-cultural integrations. - Shared use and temporal activities. - Green integrations. - Infrastructural integrations.

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4.1 List of Case Studies

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4.2 Pyramide du Louvre, Paris

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4.3 Caixa Forum, Barcelona

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4.4 Africa Museum, Tervuren, Belgium

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4.5 De Petrus, Vught, NL

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4.6 Museum of Legacies, Jaipur [ LIVE ]

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4.7 Dilli Haat, Janakpuri [ LIVE ]

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4.8 Cultural Activity Center of Beijing

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4.9 Ancient Town of Hoi An, Vietnam [ LIVE ]; 4.10 Hoan Kiem District, Old quarter, Hanoi, Vietnam [ LIVE ]

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4.11 Inferences

Architectural Thesis Research

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Chapter 05 Area Programming

The area programming has been formulated by considering the proposal document, existing layout of the buildings and from the case studies. The programme is split into three main components; the idea of having traditional and contemporary art forum mixed with innovation and maker’s space to kind of have this symbiotic relationship to feed of each other coupled with communal cultural spaces all tied together through the community. The development of Jaleb Chowk is based on the success of Masala Chowk, Jaipur. The idea is bring Jaleb Chowk as a forefront of all the monuments near by and to increase the stay time of the tourists in the walled city by showcasing eight indigenous crafts of Jaipur at one single place. The focussed crafts are Kathputli, Dhurrie, Gota-patti, Bandhej, Miniature Painting, Blue pottery, Laquer making, and Tarkaashi work. The spatial requirements have been formulated considering them. Jaleb would act as a place of social interaction between tourists and locals because there is this touristy stretch of Jantar Mantar and City Palace Museum as well as way towards Govind devji mandir. On the other hand, S.M.S Town hall would be envisioned as a locals hub catering the modern day spatial requirements needed by old city people. Personal interviews were conducted from locals in order to formulate the spatial needs. The smart city Jaipur proposal for Jaleb Chowk only talks about traditional crafts, the name of the project was imagined to be Global Arts and Crafts square thus, spaces needed for performing and contemporary arts has also been considered in the programme formulation. The design proposal is based on phase wise development. First phase of the development deals with adaptive reuse of heritage structures surrounding Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall itself, whereas second phase deals with redevelopment of Jaleb Chowk ground along with a building insertion to accommodate contemporary programmes which cannot be accommodated into heritage structures due to structural and spatial reasons.

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Chapter 06 Thesis Approach and Design Conceptualisation

6.1 Conceptual Framework Conceptual Framework Public Engagement

Incomeservice Areas

Communal Activity

Socio-Cultural Life

New Activities Structures Of Jaleb

Creatin appro industr

Chowk of Jaleb Income

Public Engagement

Interpretation of Past Memory

Heritage and Memory

Economic Resilience

New Functions Town Hall

Awareness

Heritage Conservation

Public Engagement Figure 6.1-1 Economic Approach

Income

Throughout the Proposed Design

R U

and Functions Source: Author

Economic approach throughout the proposed design and functions.

The idea is to re-imagine the heritage and bring back the memory of vibrant public activities which the buildings used to offer onceCircular upon Economy a time by inducing programmes which will ultimately enhance socio-cultural life of the place as well as lets it to adapts itself in the model of selfRevenue economic resilience. Leasing interior spatial configuration for creative industry to make it financially viable.

Add extensions that are compatible in terms of materials and massing.

Revenue

S.M.S Town Hall

Adaptive Re-use Project

Jaleb Chowk

Using proposed extension as parking for annual income.

Leasing for various communal activities, irrespective of seasonal effects will contribute to steady economic returns throughout the year.

Stakeholders Government

Private Investors

TOP - DOWN

NGOs

Community BOTTOM - UP

Preserv the stru archite config and en plannin

Economic flow chart, understanding economic resilience.

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Communal Activity

Creating an economic re-oriented approach through the creative industries economy.

owk of Jaleb Income Interpretation of Past Memory

Pedestrianizing the site

esilience

Recuperating the lost Urban node as Public Realm

functions. Add extensions that are compatible in terms of materials and massing.

Revenue Leasing for various communal activities, irrespective of seasonal effects will contribute to steady economic returns throughout the year.

NGOs

Figure 6.1-2 Increasing Circularity Source: Author

Community

BOTTOM - UP

Adding new structures (Design Elements)

Adaptive Reuse of Jaleb Chowk and its structures.

Connect the attributes with the fabric and making site accessible. Conserve the relationship between setting & site. Enhance the relationship between Jaleb chowk and Town Hall as in connection.

Adaptive Reuse of S.M.S Town Hall

Preserve the artistic attributes of the structures (as in urban context, architectural style, interior spatial configuration, artistic attributes) and enhance them with the new planning scheme.

Increasing Circularity.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

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Public Engagement

Incomeservice Areas

Communal Activity

Socio-Cultural Life

Increasing circularity New Activities

Structures

Creating an econo approach through industries economy

Chowk of Jaleb

Of Jalebthe attributes with the fabric and making site accessible by the way of The idea is to connect Income pedestrianizing the site and recuperating the lost urban node which site is used for once upon Public Interpretation a time as Engagement a space for public realm. of Past Memory

Pedestrianiz

Heritage and Memory Economic Resilience Along with the conception of conserving the relationship between site and setting, and to enhance the relationship between Jaleb Chowk and Town Hall by creative adaptation of New Functions Public them and by setting permeable connections among them. Awareness

Town Hall

Engagement

Recuperat Urban nod Rea

Income The idea is also to preserve the artistic attributes Heritage of the heritage structures and enhance them with the new planning scheme while in the process of building adaptation. Moreover, adding Conservation extensions that are compatible in terms of materials and massing for creating an economic re-oriented approach through the creative economic industries. Economic approach throughout the proposed design and functions.

Add extensions that are compatible in terms of materials and massing.

Adding new (Design E

Circular Economy Revenue Leasing interior spatial configuration for creative industry to make it financially viable.

Revenue

S.M.S Town Hall

Adaptive Re-use Project

Jaleb Chowk

Using proposed extension as parking for annual income.

Leasing for various communal activities, irrespective of seasonal effects will contribute to steady economic returns throughout the year.

Stakeholders Government

Adaptive Jaleb Cho struct

Private Investors

TOP - DOWN

NGOs

Community BOTTOM - UP

Preserve the artistic the structures (as in architectural style, configuration, artist Figure 6.1-3 Economic Flowand enhance them planning scheme. Chart, Understanding Economic Resilience

Increasing C Source: Author

Economic flow chart, understanding economic resilience.

The above figure talks about circular economy model where stakeholders have been included for the idea of self resilience. The spaces within the buildings can be leased out for various communal activities, irrespective of seasonal effects which will contribute to steady economic returns throughout the years, plus the proposed basement parking could also fit in this model.

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Adaptive S.M.S To

Architectural Thesis |

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6.2 Thesis Approach

Thesis Concept / Approach

Alternate 1

Alternate 2

Existing Situation

Adaptation of existing structures

Figure 6.2-1 Thesis Approach

- Heritage response - Brings in new image to site and the precinct - Improved micro-climate

Source: Author

- Adds anchor / stop points Integration

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- Potential of economic generation

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

The smart city Jaipur proposal talks about adaptive reuse of structures surrounding Jaleb Chowk and S.M.S Town Hall but it doesn’t really talk about the ground of Jaleb Chowk. The ground of Jaleb is really big with the size of 180 X 170 mts. and it is currently underutilised and having a great potential to be developed. So, there can be two alternatives to develop the ground. Alternate 1, can be the complete landscaping of the ground. The benefit of the same would be that it will eventually going to enhance the micro-climate of the site, provides ecological benefits and would have zero impact on the cultural significance of the site, but on the other side, it would not provide enough stop/anchor points, and thus would create a space of low social interactions. Moreover, this model doesn’t really works in the places where there are already activities of high economic generations. Thus, clearly landscaping is just not an only solution as there is a need to add stop points/anchor points in order address the problem. Alternate 2, can be having a compatible extension as a solution. the extension will not only provide a space to accommodate the programmes which cant be accommodated in existing but also it will provide stop/anchor points and has a great potential to provide a new image to the site. But here also there are few alternatives which can be considered.

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Alternate 2.1, is to have an extension with same architectural features. It would going to be very contextual because of its architectural language, it would going to preserve the architectural character of the site, plus it would easily blends in with the site but on the other side, it would be called as literal replication of heritage. It would going to falsify the heritage as it creates a potential misconception among the visitors about what is old and what is new. It would going to maintain the same visual monotony which can be observed in the site and surrounding, and it would end up being a bulky building because of the materials this alternate has to consider to be contextual. Alternate 2.2, is to have a juxtaposition extension as a way of building insertion in the grounds of Jaleb; it would be a heritage response to the character of the site as wont give a potential of misconception of distinguishing what is old and what is new, thus it wouldn’t falsify the heritage. This consideration is having a potential to revamp and give a new image to the site which will not only attracts public footfall but would also break the monotony of the architectural character of the site and in its surrounding. The only concern of this would be the idea of subjectivity as it wont be liked by many and has a potential to be a controversial intervention in a heritage precinct. Thus, a different approach can be considered where a juxtaposition insertion can be designed in a way to consider its context as a source point to generate idea. the concept of ‘Mother and Child’ can be adopted to contextualise juxtaposition insertion, where the new extension would have its derivative from the mother buildings of nearby but it possess its own features as well as a distinguished identity.

6.3 Shared Use as a Design Approach

The unavailability of open space and the resulting underutilisation in the high density effectively reduces the sociability of the site however it is important to note that public life has managed to sustain in this area even though in limited capacities. The concept of shared use builds upon the form of urbanism and aims at the manifestation of diverse public engagements through the sharing of available resources. - It breaks away from the current idea of the design of spaces for individualist function rather aims at multiplicity in the use of space. - Moving away from defining public spaces with specific uses based on the assigned typology and rather envisioning them as dynamic centres of diverse public engagements. - Such an approach portrays activities and people as the spectacle of the place rather than the conventional idea of architecture as the spectacle of the public space. Here, architecture then just supports and facilitates this dynamicity.

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Diverse functions with minimum infrastructural investments.

Multiple associations of the same place.

Breaking away from current binary ways of doing things.

Housing multiple activities within same structure.

Figure 6.3-1 Shared Use as a Design Approach Source: Author

The existing built form

Forms of shared use considered

The sharing has been manifested in multiple ways broadly classified into two categories: Temporal “ Interior experiences “

- The same space used by diverse activities in different time slots- this could facilitate activities with diverse active hours and similar spatial needs and capacities. - Space used for the same activity by different user groups in different time slots- this can Concept Tray ensure effective use by all the diverse age groups, social classes, and genders. [ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

- Smaller spaces clubbing together to create spatial capacities for larger activities- this can facilitate larger seasonal congregational activities without locking down a dedicated infrastructure. Co-existent - Spaces acting as Shared resource (aiding) extensions to the primary activities- This refers to the sharing of certain aiding resources by activities with similar resource needs which reduces individual investments thus making them more accessible. - Multiple activities within the different components of the same structure- This refers to using different components of a structure like a terrace, facades for a parallel activity besides protecting the interior space.

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Impact of Shared use in grounds of Jaleb - Through shared use, the chowk can embody multiplicity in the given spatial constraint of a dense commercial neighbourhood. Also, it helps it to be dynamic spaces that are active hubs of human interaction across the day. - As activities will now share spaces, spatial and capital investment for each of these activities is significantly reduced. This enables access to these activities to a broader range of social classes especially the poorer sections. Especially in scenarios where land is a scarce and expensive commodity and can easily result in gentrification and eventually exclusion of the poorer communities, drastically affecting their sociability. - Through shared use a lot of activities can be housed with a significantly low physical investment this significantly reduces the footprint and thus is a sustainable way of spatially manifesting public activities. - As space is used by different people for different purposes it creates a more diverse/ layered association with the place. This ensures a sense of belonging and ownership which results. - This also facilitates the scope for various vulnerable groups to engage amongst themselves. It also promotes interaction between various diverse sets of users through sharing. Thus, promoting a stronger sense of community beyond cultural and social boundaries.

Thesis Concept / Approach

Figure 6.3-2 Concept Tray Source: Author

Diverse functions with minimum infrastructural investments.

Multiple associations of the same place.

Breaking away from current binary ways of doing things.

Housing multiple activities within same structure.

The existing built form

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Approach

he Site

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6.4 Pedestrianizing the site

TOURIST + LOCAL ROUTE TOURIST ROUTE VEHICULAR ROUTE

PARKING 4 WHEELER

PARKING E-RICKSHAW VERTICAL CIRCULATION

TICKET COUNTER CYCLE STAND

COMMUNITY CULTURAL AND ACTIVITY CENTRE

OLD POLICE HEADQUARTERS

Figure 6.4-1 Pedestrianizing the Site Source: Author

New Circulation New Plan NEWCirculation CIRCULATION PLANPlan

In order to make the site vehicular free, it is important to consider the circulation pattern of the entire palace complex to make pedestrianization work. A dedicated surface parking has been allocated along with Aatish market parking at Chota Chowk, besides that to cater potential parking needs, additional parking requirement has been provided at the basement of Jaleb Chowk. Dedicated ticktet counters has been placed on the touristy stretch of Jantar Mantar, City Palace Gate and Chandini Chowk. To cater NMVs, tuk tuk stands and cycle stands has been provided along the pedestrian ways.

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Archite

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6.5 Initial Developments

Removing

Existing Situation

Alterations in the Existing

Visual and Activity Mapping

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Removing

Relocating

Conserving

Figure 6.5-1 Initial Developments

Alterations in the Existing

Source: Author

The initial considerations were made by removing the clutter from Chota Chowk for making space for on-surface parking, relocating the location of public toilet right from Sireh Deori Gate to Chota Chowk, and by conserving the fallen portions in Jaleb Chowk.

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Setbacks from Heritage Structures10mts. (min) Rajasthan Municipalities Act ,2009; Jaipur (walled city) Heritage conservation and Protection Regulations 2020

Permissible FAR1.5 Master Development Plan for Sireh Deori Sadak, Jaipur Development Authority Heritage Cell for walled city, 2018

Available Area for Construction 18,828 Sqm. Permissible Height - G+1 (11mts.) Max. Permissible Built-up28,242 Sqm.

Permissible FAR1.5 Master Development Plan for Sireh Deori Sadak, Jaipur Development Authority Heritage Cell for walled city, 2018

cinct, Jaipur

Permissible Mass and Visual Axes

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Volumes for Designed Programmes

Available Area for Construction 18,828 Sqm. Permissible Height - G+1 (11mts.)

Two Storey Underground Parking

Max. Permissible Built-up28,242 Sqm. Figure 6.5-1 Initial Developments Source: Author

Breaking up the Mass + Zoning

Considerations were made by including the applicable bye laws in case of development in heritage precincts and breaking up the mass for creating volumes.

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Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Bre

Sub-station

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Pushing Down the Volumes for Maintaining Site Visuals and Ambience

Setting Connections between the programmed volumes at underground level

Adjusting the Mass and setting Connections

Retaining On-site Services + Considerin

Retaining Services

Sub-station

Transformer

Water Pump

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s for nd

een s at

Figure 6.5-1 Initial Developments

Retaining On-site Services + Considering On-site Shadow Pattern

Source: Author

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Adaptive Reuse Design Principles / Str

Design Principles

6.6 Adaptive Reuse Design Principles / Strategies

Structural aspects

- No under ground construction in heritage buildings. - No hampering to old building foundation. - Proper setbacks from heritage buildings during insertion. - Vibration isolation construction as like JMRC.

Programmatic aspects

- Considering live and dead loads in zonal distribution of programmes.

- [ H herit

- Programming activities of higher footfall and machinery at lower levels and lighter on the above.

- Eco abso

- No building insertion in upper levels for accommodating the programmes.

- Logical programming of spaces in accordance to the existing layout.

- Removing and adding partition walls wherever needed.

- Xe by lo

- Op spac

- Taking use of existing slab cuts for installing elevators. - Anchoring throughout the construction.

- Spatial detailing of programmed and designed spaces.

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- Us light

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Principles / Strategies

tion of

Design aspects

- [ Heritage Response] not to falsify the heritage; maintaining heritage integrity.

Phew

nery at

Circulation aspects

- Improving site circulation by pedestrianizing and demarcated flow routes. Countering problem of bottlenecking by gates through fixing on site vehicular movement. - Ecological revamping of site by maximising water penetration, absorption and retention on site. - Xerophytic landscaping to improve shading; surface covering by low albedo and higher permeability value materials.

- Ensuring accessibility of spaces at all levels by providing ramps and elevators for inter-spatial connectivity.

- Opening up of spaces to improve lighting issues in interior spaces by removing dilapidated roofs.

- Use of neutral materials for light spatial interventions.

- Interventions which wont be hampered by strolling public.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

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6.7 Zoning: Jaleb Chowk

Zoning 2. Installing Elevators for Vertical Circulation

1. Ad 2. P-T 3. Ea 4. Wa 5. Sin

1. Retaining Vertical Circulation; Demarcating Toilets and Service Cores

02. Fi

Functional Zoning

00. Lo

Broad Programme Zoning

01. G

0. The Block Figure 6.7-1 Zoning: Jaleb Chowk Source: Author

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0.Sec 1. Ad 2. So 3. De 4. Ea 5. Se 6. Wa 7. Ka 8. Ba 9. Wo

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1. Admin 2. P-T Galleries 3. Eatery 4. Wash-room 5. Single Occupancy Rooms

10.

4. 8.

6. Students Dorm 7. Artisans Dorm 8. Service Area 9. Artisans Training Centre 10. A/V Room 11. Multimedia Room 12. Future Expansion

11.

12.

6. 4. 5.

02. First Floor

3. 4.

0. Multi-purpose Foyer 1. Performing Theatre 1 2. Performing Theatre 2 3. Cafe 4. Wash-room 5. Exhibition Space 6. Multi-purpose Space 7. Basement Parking 8. Cores

00. Lower Ground Floor

12. 01. Ground Floor

13.

11.

14.

10.

15.

0.Security Frisking 1. Admin 2. Souvenir Shops 3. Design Studios 4. Eateries 5. Service Area 6. Wash-rooms 7. Kathputli Karkhana 8. Bandhej Karkhana 9. Workshop

1. 1.

0. 7.

2. 3. 4.

4. 5.

10. Gotapatti Karkhana 11. Dhurrie Karkhana 12. Miniature P. Karkhana 13. Laquer Karkhana 14. Tarkashi Karkhana 15. Blue Pottery Karkhana

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Consideration of live loads and dead loads were taken in zonal distribution of programmes. Programming has been done by zoning activities of higher footfall and machinery at lower levels and lighter on above.

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6.8 Zoning: S.M.S Town Hall Zoning

2. Demarcating Toilets and Service Cores

1. Retaining Vertical Movement Cores & Expansion

Functional Zoning

0. The Block

Figure 6.8-1 Zoning: S.M.S Town Hall Source: Author

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03. Second Floor 1. Multimedia & Reading Space 2. Co-working Space 3. Fab-Lab and Vocational School

1. 3.

02. First Floor 1. Wellness + Spa 2. Games Room, Children Activity Area, Entertainment Room

4. 3.

01. Upper Ground Floor

2. 2.

5. 2. 6.

1. Multi-purpose Room 2. Spillover Space 3. Admin 4. Auxiliary 5. Banquet 6. Dining 7. Kitchen

2. 3.

00. Lower Ground Floor

4. 5.

1. Foyer; Locker Rooms 2. Waiting Lounge 3. Committee Meeting 4. Spillover Space 5. Crèche

In the case of S.M.S Town Hall; zoning has been retaining the serviceBhopal cores and Jasoria Architectural Thesis |done School by of Planning and Architecture, | Lakshay vertical circulations. Programming the activities of higher footfall and more public in nature has been accommodated at lower levels, whereas activities of more private gatherings has been accommodated at upper levels.

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Chapter 07 Design Proposal

‘Refer final presentation handout for design proposal.’

7.1 Final Presentation Handout

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Architectural Thesis Review Lakshay Jasoria 2016BARC022 School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur the canal got buried within the markets and its deep walls got filled up.

current condition of water supplying the historic core and how can the

Well in a Residential Street

Fig 102.

Jaleb Chowk 38,000 sqm

Source: Picture 100,101- Author; Picture 102- Navisha Sogani

Well in a Commercial Street

Fig 100.

increased demand for water, a dam across the river of Dhravyavati was

and brought water to the city through aqueducts. As the city grew with

ruler then, built 16 miles long canals from the nearby river streams

for storage direct response to local geo-physical conditions. The

took advantage of various rain catchment areas that were available

supply system. With half of the city surrounded by the hills, the city

During the planning of the city, special attention was given to the water

since the existing supply does not fulfill the needs of the inhabitants.

of water which may locally reduce the pressure of the central supply,

S. M. Town Hall 6,300 sqm

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

190m

Well in a Residential Street

129

after construction of the metalled roads and new pipe system of supply,

persons/ sq. km. The objective of this intervention is to evaluate he

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128

across the city and open at some places for direct access. However,

households in the municipal zone) and the highest density of 42164

Fig 101.

would then distribute the water through various channels and wells

densest area in the city, accounting to 64,800 houses (17.5% of the

Study Area

city, wide enough for 5-7 horsemen to ride abreast. This covered canal

water demands in the historic city of Jaipur. The walled city is the

200m

traditional systems be revived to constitute as an additional source

constructed in 1844 along with a canal which runs east to west of the

The issue raised for this area of intervention relates to the growing

Public Wells in the Walled City

4.5 MAKING WATER EVERYBODY'S BUSINESS

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Maharaja Sawai Iswari Singh 1743-50

Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh 1778-1803

2 1880 - SMS Town Hall

1 1799 - Hawa Mahal

Kund Walled City

Community Wells Kund

Mansagar Lake

Amer Fort

Moti Doongri

Ghat ki Ghuni

Galta Ji

Marshy land

Garh Ganesh

Talkatora Lake

3. 1725-43, setting up the grid, chaupars, bazaars, fortified walls, water distribution systems, and neigbourhoods.

Dravyavati River

Nahargarh Fort

Jaigarh Fort

2. 1713-25, setting up of the palace, temples, observatory and jai niwas.

Marshy land

Garh Ganesh

Talkatora Lake

Mansagar Lake

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Prosperity of the palace and Jaipur under his reign.

Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh 1835-80

Dravyavati River

Nahargarh Fort

Amer Fort

Marshy land

Garh Ganesh

Jaigarh Fort

1. Before 1713, hypothesis regarding the position of pre-existing villages on the plain at the south of Amer.

Dravyavati River

Mansagar Lake

Amer Fort

Planning and design of the Walled City of Jaipur

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Contributed to the major development of the palace.

Maharaja Sawai Jaisingh ll 1700-1743

7 Tripolia Gate

4 Jaleb Chowk

2 1749 - Isrlat Minar or Sargasuli

6 Aatish Market Area

3 Jai Niwas Bagh

2 Govind Devji Mandir

1 1734 - Maharaja Jai Singh Observatory; now Jantar Mantar

64,800 17 % of City

381,176 33.2 % of Region

1,145,904

Post 1799

0.28 Million 42164 persons/ sq km

3.04 Million

6.7 sq km 1.38 % of City 14 Wards of the City Jaipur Municipal Corporation

77 Wards Jaipur Municipal Corporation

6593 persons/ sq km

Walled City

484.5 sq km 4.34 % of Region

Study Area/Site

Jaipur City

Walled city

595 person/ sq km

6.6 Million Urban: 3.4 Million [52.4%] Rural: 3.1 Million [47.6%]

13 Sub Districts, 19 Towns, 2180 Villages Jaipur Development Authority

5 Chandini Chowk and Temples

1734 - 1749

Jaipur Region 11,143 sq km Urban: 489.5 sq km [4.39%] Rural: 10,653 [95.6%]

Households Source: Masterplan 2025, JDA

Population Density

Total Population

Administrative Division

Area

1 City palace and Courts

1718 - 1727

Development of the palace

Post Independence, Jaipur has expanded beyond the confines of walled city. These changes have also impacted the old city fabric. On the surface not much has changed like the road widths but horse carriages have been replaced by cars and buses. The density has also increased which has further densify the built form in the old city.

Jaipur the capital of Rajasthan state in India was founded in 1727 by Maharaj Jai Singh II. Initially his capital was Amer. Over the years Jaipur established as centre of art and culture and a face of modernity in a liberal Rajput ruling family.

State Boundry District Boundries State Capital

Inner Urban Area

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+10 m

Jaleb Chowk

196 m

S.M.S Town Hall

66 m +25.8 m

94 m

2 1

94 m

Chota Chowk - 6,300 Sqm. Jaleb Chowk - 41,160 Sqm. S.M.S Town Hall - 6,300 Sqm.

Total Site Area - 53,760 Sqm.

67 m

Jaleb Chowk Gate Jaleb Chowk City Palace Gate Museum Gate The Palace School

2 3 4 5 6

Intervention Spaces

Jantar Mantar

Police Headquarters

Govt. School Complex

ADMA office

S.M.S Town Hall

Jantar Mantar Gate

Govind devji Gate

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Chota Chowk

Sireh Deori Gate

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

1:1500

antar

ntar M

rds Ja

Towa

210 m

Towards Govind devji Mandir

67 m

l Roa Maha Hawa

Site Plan

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

126

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Jaleb Chowk - Historical Mapping

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Architectural Thesis Research

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Sawai Mansingh Townhall - Historical Mapping

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

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Use of Spaces - Encroachment, Notary Services, Parking.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Material Used - Stone, Lime Mortar and Lime Plaster, Timber. Structure - Stone Masonry with Lime Mortar, Stone Slabs, Colonnade.

Traces of Damage - Dilapidated and fallen portions in the structures, Natural Deterioration.

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Architectural Style - Hindu-Rajput and Indo-Saracenic. Architectural Elements - Brackets, Jaalis, Jharokhas, Tessalations on Wall, Multi-foil Arches, Doric Columns.

Sense of Space- Large Open Grounds, Strong Visual Axes.

Jaleb Chowk - Stylistic Mapping

Appearance - G+1 Structures all around, Verandas on Grounds - Terraces Above, Quarters Entryways.

Jaleb Chowk - Visual Mapping

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Material Used - Stone, Lime Mortar and Plaster, Timber. Structure - Stone Masonry with Lime Mortar, Stone Slabs, Colonnade.

Use of Spaces - No Use - Vacant.

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Architectural Elements - Brackets, Jaalis, Jharokhas, Neo-Classical Elements.

Appearance - G+3, Huge-bulky building, Colonial Building .

Architectural Style - Hindu-Rajput, Indo-Saracenic and Neo-classical.

S.M.S Town Hall - Stylistic Mapping

Traces of Damage - Dilapidated and fallen portions in the structures, Natural Deterioration.

Sense of Space- Large Spacious Spaces, Strong Views from the building.

S.M.S Town Hall - Visual Mapping

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[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Activity Mapping of Jaleb Chowk

Architectural Thesis Research

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

The Palace school and a City Palace entrance abut the space. Activities in this area revolve around the administrative offices set up here. After which Jaleb Chowk serves majorly as a transition and parking space for the locals. It provides a direct access from the Hawa Mahal road to the City Palace. This acts as parking space for City Palace event bookings.

Jaleb chowk comprises of buildings that enclose a big open space. These buildings belong to the government. A part of them is used for notary purposes while the rest is closed and exposed to encroachment.

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

City Palace Entrance

Small Kiosks

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Encroachments

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Notary Activities

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

132

lated en at ound

rism g the also ntial

art

urism-related y happen at hat surround

cape

which also duwara cial potential

c. There is also an c. There of is also an observable shortage observable hospitality services to serve shortage of services to serve the high influx hospitality of tourists in the high influx of tourists in this region. region. d. This stems this from rigid This and stems from rigid administrative d. policies administrative rigid control over activities policies and in the precinct. rigid control over activities in the precinct.

Restaurant - Cafe - Eateries Restaurant - Cafe - Eateries Handicrafts- SouvenirAntiques HandicraftsHotels- Sojourn RoomsBnB Souvenir- Antiques Points of Interest Hotels- Sojourn Rooms- BnB Points of Interest Transit Node Tourist Facilities Transit Node Tourist Facilities Public Toilet Public Toilet Commercial Tourist Anchors Anchors Commercial Tourist Anchors Anchors

hospitality services to serve the high influx of tourists in this region. d. This stems from rigid administrative policies and rigid control over activities in the precinct.

Existing Situation

Created Olena Panasovska from the by Noun Project

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Bottlenecking of gates

Drains

Built structures

NMVs and Footpaths

Open spaces

‘Underutilisation’

Public Infrastructure

‘Choked’

Waste water vs Ground water

Private space vs Public space

Local vs Tourist

‘Conflict’

Problems Identified

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

TouristTourist Stop Points Stop Points

Mosque

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133

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

LOCAL LIFE

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Respect the area’s values

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Idea of revealing and concealing + juxtaposition

Improving connectivity of the building to the street

Improving Connectivity (physical + temporal)

Transform

STEP 3.2

Low social interaction

Locals

STEP 1

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Supporting Creative SMEs (small or medium sized enterprise)

Using an innovative programming to create economic opportunity

Providing Economic and Cultural Opportunity

Social benefits + Spatial benefits

vacant

Adaptive use: Control of environment

STEP 3.1

Recuperation

Social inclusions

Creating Commons

New activities

Adaptive reuse: Control of social interaction

Tourists

Space quality Underutilized and heritage buildings.

Architectural Thesis Research

Idea of porosity and transparency within the building

Creating public spaces

Strengthening + Unifying Community

Objectives

Changing the neglected part of a palace precinct to space for the city

Community

Historical Layers

tio

Historical values

RESULTS

Locals

Guiding system

Identity

•vague cognition of the identity •poor navigation

•closed heritage conservation units •vacant and misused heritage spaces

Tourists

Low social interaction

WHAT DID THIS CONFLICT DO TO THEM?

STEP 2

Heritage Units

tio

The Overarching Concept

Poor interactions and neighbourhood

Discontinuity and lack of coherence

From ignorance to over protection

ROLE

Heritage Units

Different styles due to historical layers.

int

•poor open spaces and neighbourhood •poor living quality

Locals

Tourists

Heritage

TOURISM

Main Problematic as a Challenge

Variety of architectural styles

Functional fragmentation Different functions coexist in the same site, but do not communicate.

ion

Barriers

Physical barriers, walls and gates block the passage and view.

at vig

ion

Block fragmentation

ro ac

ko f

at vig na

Ze int

ko f

Detached urban blocks under tourism context.

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134

Fab-Lab and Vocational Spaces

Co-Working Spaces

Children Activity Area

Wellness and Spa

Crèche

Multi-purpose spaces

Banquet Hall

Committee Meeting Spaces

Stakeholders- [ Locals ]

Personal interview of Locals

A Locals Hub

Phase 2

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Phase 1

Spillovers

Event Spaces

Exhibition Spaces

Temporary Galleries

Multi-purpose Halls

Contemporary Art Spaces

Performing Theatre

Building Extension

To Strengthen the Proposal

Induced

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Eateries

Permanent/Temporary Galleries

Accommodation spaces

Artisan’s Training centre

Workshops

8 indigenous crafts of Jaipur to be targeted; Kathputli, Dhurrie, Gota-patti, Bandhej, Miniature Painting, Blue Pottery, Laquer making and Tarkaashi work.

Craft Karkhana’s

Stakeholders- [ Tourists and Locals ]

S.M.S Town Hall Community Cultural and Activity Centre

S.M.S Town Hall Cultural Performance Area

Jaleb Chowk Global Arts and Craft Square

Constant

Altered

Proposed project under Smart City Jaipur

Design Programme

Proposed

Based on the success of Masala Chowk, Jaipur

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135

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

basis

Community

Recreational

Commerce

Cultural

Bazaar/commercial activity as a key component on the overall programme.

Diverse activities of various scales

Dense Urban Context

Activating local cultural heritage with public spaces

Existing use of Layout

Pyramide du Louvre, Paris

Caixa Forum, Barcelona

Africa Museum, Tervuren, Belgium

Museum of Legacies, Jaipur [ LIVE ]

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

De Petrus, Vught, NL

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

On the Program

In the context of shared use as a facilitation of social infrastructure

In the context of creative adaptation of heritage structures

Building Extensions

why? Relevance

List of Case Studies

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

136

basis

Community

Recreational

Commerce

Cultural

Bazaar/commercial activity as a key component on the overall programme.

Diverse activities of various scales

Dense Urban Context

Activating local cultural heritage with public spaces

Existing use of Layout

Dilli Haat, Janakpuri [ LIVE ]

Cultural Activity Center of Beijing

Hoan Kiem District, Old quarter, Hanoi, Vietnam [ LIVE ]

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Ancient Town of Hoi An, Vietnam [ LIVE ]

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

On the Program

In the context of shared use as a facilitation of social infrastructure

In the context of creative adaptation of heritage structures

Building Extensions

why? Relevance

List of Case Studies

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137

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur 3 3

Service Areas

Toilets with waiting Areas

6 6

Tarkaashi Karkhana

Workshop

3498

5153

216

234

216

1 1 3 3 1 1 1

Artisans Dorm with mess

Students Dorm

Wash-rooms

Service Area

Artisans Training Centre

A/V Room

Reading/Multimedia Room

1 10

Temporary Gallery

Single Occupancy-Artists

8651

202

235

675

180

280

180

234

720

540

Laquer Karkhana

324

252

Blue Pottery Karkhana

216

504

401

504

396

320

180

468

300

277

105

492

Miniature Painting K.

Permanent Exhibition

11 14

Gottapatti Karkhana

Dhurrie Karkhana

Area ( SQM)

Office

Cafe

Total S.M.S Town Hall

2 1 1

Co-working space Lift Lobby

2 Service Area

1 Toilets

Parking

Exhibition space 1

1 Hall Multipurpose

Art Gallery

Cafe

Wash-room1

177.74

59.52

25.52

61.2

143.1

5267.9

1448.42

501.3

315

51.52

59.36

97.24

1038.7

Performing 1Theatre 2

Performing 2Theatre 1

Makers space

Seating Area

spillover space

98 64.02

1 1

Banquet Hall Kitchen

Massage Room

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

Cafe Office Classroom spillover space Seating Area Makers space Toilets Service Area Co-working space Lift Lobby

2 Multimedia and Reading S.

Lift Lobby

1 Gym

2 Zumba space

Waiting Area

Entertainment Room

Service Area

Activity Area

Toilets

Games Room

Lift Lobby

Admin

Cafe

Auxilliary Space

Sitting Area

Service Area

Lift Lobby

Toilet

Banquet Spillover space

6500

5267.9

720

800

228

82.5

100

316

602

2916

Area ( SQM)

Total S.M.S Town Hall

Second Floor

First Floor

Prefunction/Dining Area

From Case Studies 1

Lift Lobby

Kitchen

Infant room

Spillover Space

Classroom

Office

Technical Room

Storage

Multi purpose Hall

Stage

Restaurant

Green Room

Lift Canopy

Commiitee Seating Space

5267.9

1448.42

501.3

315

51.52

59.36

97.24

1038.7

177.74

59.52

25.52

61.2

143.1

64.02

149.6

2015.8

252

180

243

130

180

436.6

192

44.2

764.98

35.76

12.2

53.65

85.55

50.75

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

149.6

No. of units

Multimedia and Reading S.

Lift Lobby

Classroom Total new building

Second Floor

Gym

Massage Room

Zumba space

Waiting Area

Service Area

Toilets

Games Room

Entertainment Room

1 Foyer space

Cafe

2015.8

252

180

243

130

180

436.6

192

44.2

764.98

35.76

12.2

53.65

85.55

50.75

83.72

72.45

116.8

8.6

24.5

Area ( SQM)

Sitting Area

Lift Lobby

Admin

Lift Lobby

Auxilliary Space

Spaces

Kitchen 2

Banquet Hall

Service Area

Prefunction/Dining Area

Toilet

Lift Lobby

Spillover Space

Banquet Spillover space

Restaurant Multi purpose Hall

Lift Canopy

Kitchen

Activity Area Contemporary Forum

Pragramme

First Floor

Upper Ground

Infant room

Storage 1

Stage 1

Green Room

Classroom

Commiitee Seating Space

Office

Commiitee Meeting Space

Technical Room

Service Room Spillover Space

Waiting Area 2

Janitors Room

Lift Lobby

Staff Lockers Room

Wash-Rooms

Entrance Lobby

Lower Ground

No. of units

Spaces

S.M.S Town Hall

Pragramme

Existing Layout of Spaces

Upper Ground

Commiitee Meeting Space

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Total Jaleb Old Building

Old building: Upper

Eateries

Design Studios

Souvenir Shops

Kathputli Karkhana

Security Frisking

Bandhej Karkhana

Administration + staff Accomodation

Old building: Lower

No. of units

Spaces

Jaleb Chowk

Pragramme

From Proposal

Area Programming

Spillover Space

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138

S.M.S Town Hall

Private Investors

Economic Resilience

Income

Public Engagement

Stakeholders

Adaptive Re-use Project

Circular Economy

Jaleb Chowk

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Income

NGOs

BOTTOM - UP

Community

Leasing for various communal activities, irrespective of seasonal effects will contribute to steady economic returns throughout the year.

Revenue

Interpretation of Past Memory

Chowk of Jaleb

Communal Activity

Add extensions that are compatible in terms of materials and massing.

Enhance the relationship between Jaleb chowk and Town Hall as in connection.

Conserve the relationship between setting & site.

Connect the attributes with the fabric and making site accessible.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Increasing Circularity.

Preserve the artistic attributes of the structures (as in urban context, architectural style, interior spatial configuration, artistic attributes) and enhance them with the new planning scheme.

Adaptive Reuse of S.M.S Town Hall

Adaptive Reuse of Jaleb Chowk and its structures.

Adding new structures (Design Elements)

Recuperating the lost Urban node as Public Realm

Pedestrianizing the site

Creating an economic re-oriented approach through the creative industries economy.

Architectural Thesis Research

Economic flow chart, understanding economic resilience.

TOP - DOWN

Government

Using proposed extension as parking for annual income.

Leasing interior spatial configuration for creative industry to make it financially viable.

Revenue

Heritage Conservation

Town Hall

Socio-Cultural Life

Public Engagement

Economic approach throughout the proposed design and functions.

Awareness

New Functions

Heritage and Memory

Public Engagement

New Activities Structures Of Jaleb

Incomeservice Areas

Conceptual Framework

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur 0m 17

- Huge potential to be developed.

- Underutilised.

- Jaleb Chowk is a huge ground.

Adaptation of existing structures

Existing Situation

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Alternate 2

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Alternate 1

Thesis Concept / Approach

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

140

- No anchor / stop points

- Low social engagement

-Doesn’t work in places of high economic generation

- Improved micro-climate

- Ecological benefits

- Zero impact on cultural significance

Adaptation of existing structures

Existing Situation

0m 17

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

- Only landscaping is not a solution.

-Prime location

Cons

Pros

- Landscaping as a solution.

Alternate 1

Thesis Concept / Approach

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur 0m

Adaptation of existing structures

Existing Situation

0m 17

programmes

which

- Falsify the heritage - Potential misunderstanding of what is old and what is new

- Will blend in with the site

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

- Potential to end up being a bulky building

- Brings in monotony

- Literal Replication - Preserves character of buildings - Playing safe in design extension

Cons

- Contextual

can’t

Pros

2.1- Extension with same architectural features

- A great potential to provide a new image to the site.

- Provides point of focus and an anchor space.

- Provides space to accommodate accommodated in existing.

- Compatible extension as a solution.

Alternate 2

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Alternate 1

Thesis Concept / Approach

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[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Alternate 1

Thesis Concept / Approach

Adaptation of existing structures

Existing Situation

0m 17

- Subjective likings

- [ Heritage Response] doesn’t falsify the heritage; maintains heritage integrity

Architectural Thesis Research

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

- Highlight essence of old and new

- Breaks the monotony

- Impact of contrast

- Brings in new image to site and the precinct

- Understanding of what is old and what is new

Cons

Pros

2.2- Juxtaposition extension

2.1- Extension with same architectural features

Alternate 2

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur 0m

Adaptation of existing structures

Existing Situation

0m 17

juxtaposition

Mother and child concept

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

- Highlight essence of old and new

- Breaks the monotony

- Impact of contrast

- Brings in new image to site and the precinct

2.2.1- Contextualizing the

- Subjective likings

- [ Heritage Response] doesn’t falsify the heritage; maintains heritage integrity - Understanding of what is old and what is new

Cons

Pros

2.2- Juxtaposition extension

2.1- Extension with same architectural features

Alternate 2

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Alternate 1

Thesis Concept / Approach

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[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Alternate 1

Thesis Concept / Approach

0m 17

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

- Potential of economic generation

- Adds anchor / stop points

- Improved micro-climate

- Brings in new image to site and the precinct

- Heritage response

Architectural Thesis Research

Integration

Adaptation of existing structures

Existing Situation

Alternate 2

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

KEEPING ALIVE THE SPIRIT OF THE PLACE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HERITAGE WITH SYMBOLIC VALUE

estratto

ABSTRACT

Source: Seminar Research, Semester 6, Year III, Author

The cultural tourism industries have emerged rapidly involved in developing and redeveloping models for deteriorated, abandoned, ignored buildings and open spaces for present day needs,

folks. As a result, many indian villages, towns and cities experience some kind of tourism activity and related development models to balance out the need.

- Cultural Positive impact of heritage tourism heritage sites and places represent experiencing arts, heritage, tradition and activities that truly represents the stories and in the life ofthe its folks. With the widespread growth of development perception of knowledge, ease to travel and convenient mobility there is a growing demand to visit and explore these places to havecity personal experience with other communities, societies and its Jaipur’s old residents.

1. INTRODUCTION

Keywords: Socio-Cultural Impacts, Residents Attitude, Heritage Tourism.

The paper uses Jaipur as an example to illustrate the multiple impact of tourism as well as identifies positive and negative aspects of ongoing heritage tourism as perceived by the Jaipur’s residents, and the influence of selected variables on resident response. The study will use data collected on choti chaupar in the heart of the old city and highlighting the different levels of development on the same and its impact. Data obtained from the questionnaire and interviews are the main sources of inputs for analysis. Residents perceived choti chaupar development from both positive as well as negative perspectives. However, the most of the views shows that they represent positive side of the ongoing development.

This paper seeks to investigate further into these questions whilst taking into account the perspective of resident’s on socio-cultural impacts of culture and heritage tourism in particular and examines the extent to which they coincide with the tourism development impact literature.

How do the resident’s perceive heritage tourism development in their city? Does it impact them socially and culturally? How do the resident’s demographics have an effect on their perceptions of tourism impact? How do the overall perceptions of resident’s are influenced by the transformation in the city favouring tourism?

Cultural heritage: a basic human need Archaeologist, Art historian, Sada Mire

Source: As mentioned in image above, ISSUU

- Users as friends of heritage.

- Decoding the term ‘Living Heritage’ as ‘spirit of place’ in the eyes of users.

Editors

Donatella Fiorani Loughlin Kealy Stefano Francesco Musso

LAKSHAY JASORIA (STUDENT, S.P.A BHOPAL)

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Insights

Considerations

Recommendations

Source: Thesis Reviews, Master of Architecture in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Chee Yoong Thai, Youtube

- Contextualising juxtaposition insertion for heritage precinct.

Architectural Thesis Research

Architecture’s ripple effect: Designing for big impact Ar. Thomas Bryans

Source: As mentioned in images, ISSUU

- Light spatial interventions as a distinctive design interventions.

- Designing in response to surfaces and spaces of old structures.

Source: Sangamitra Basu, Lecture series; YouTube and NPTEL

Source: intechopin.com

A STUDY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT MODEL- A CASE STUDY OF CHOTI CHAUPAR METRO RAIL DEVELOPMENT, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN: INDIA

- Relevance of juxtaposition as a way of building adaptation in heritage settings.

- New programmes as a part of historic preservation process.

CONSERVATION ADAPTATION

- Planing, design and considerations for building insertion and adaptation.

- New additions extends longevity of the building.

Thesis Concept / Approach

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

146

“ Exterior expressions “

“ Interior experiences “

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Contextual understanding

Housing multiple activities within same structure.

The existing built form

Concept Tray

Breaking away from current binary ways of doing things.

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Diverse functions with minimum infrastructural investments.

Multiple associations of the same place.

Thesis Concept / Approach

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

147

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

tion Plan PLAN CATION

Thesis Concept / Approach

OLD POLICE HEADQUARTERS

New Circulation New Plan NEWCirculation CIRCULATION PLANPlan

CYCLE STAND

TICKET COUNTER

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

PARKING E-RICKSHAW

P TC

PARKING 4 WHEELER

TOURIST + LOCAL ROUTE TOURIST ROUTE VEHICULAR ROUTE

COMMUNITY CULTURAL AND ACTIVITY CENTRE

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Pedestrianizing the Site

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

148

Existing Situation

Alterations in the Existing

Removing

Conserving

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Relocating

Visual and Activity Mapping

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Thesis Concept / Approach

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

149

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Permissible Mass and Visual Axes

Max. Permissible Built-up28,242 Sqm.

Permissible Height - G+1 (11mts.)

Available Area for Construction 18,828 Sqm.

Permissible FAR1.5 Master Development Plan for Sireh Deori Sadak, Jaipur Development Authority Heritage Cell for walled city, 2018

Breaking up the Mass + Zoning

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Two Storey Underground Parking

Volumes for Designed Programmes

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Rajasthan Municipalities Act ,2009; Jaipur (walled city) Heritage conservation and Protection Regulations 2020

Setbacks from Heritage Structures10mts. (min)

Thesis Concept / Approach

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

150

Adjusting the Mass and setting Connections

Setting Connections between the programmed volumes at underground level

Pushing Down the Volumes for Maintaining Site Visuals and Ambience

Transformer

Water Pump

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Retaining On-site Services + Considering On-site Shadow Pattern

Sub-station

Retaining Services

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Thesis Concept / Approach

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

151

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

- No building insertion in upper levels for accommodating the programmes.

- Spatial detailing of programmed and designed spaces.

- Removing and adding partition walls wherever needed.

- Use of neutral materials for light spatial interventions.

- Ensuring accessibility of spaces at all levels by providing ramps and elevators for inter-spatial connectivity.

Countering problem of bottlenecking by gates through fixing on site vehicular movement.

- Improving site circulation by pedestrianizing and demarcated flow routes.

Phew

Circulation aspects

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

- Interventions which wont be hampered by strolling public.

- Opening up of spaces to improve lighting issues in interior spaces by removing dilapidated roofs.

- Xerophytic landscaping to improve shading; surface covering by low albedo and higher permeability value materials.

- Ecological revamping of site by maximising water penetration, absorption and retention on site.

- [ Heritage Response] not to falsify the heritage; maintaining heritage integrity.

Design aspects

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

- Anchoring throughout the construction.

- Taking use of existing slab cuts for installing elevators.

- Vibration isolation construction as like JMRC.

- Logical programming of spaces in accordance to the existing layout.

- Programming activities of higher footfall and machinery at lower levels and lighter on the above.

- Proper setbacks from heritage buildings during insertion.

- No hampering to old building foundation.

- Considering live and dead loads in zonal distribution of programmes.

Programmatic aspects

Adaptive Reuse Design Principles / Strategies

- No under ground construction in heritage buildings.

Structural aspects

Design Principles

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

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[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

14.

0.Security Frisking 1. Admin 2. Souvenir Shops 3. Design Studios 4. Eateries 5. Service Area 6. Wash-rooms 7. Kathputli Karkhana 8. Bandhej Karkhana 9. Workshop

15.

01. Ground Floor

00. Lower Ground Floor

02. First Floor

13.

12.

1. Admin 2. P-T Galleries 3. Eatery 4. Wash-room 5. Single Occupancy Rooms

12.

11.

10.

11.

3. 4.

10.

6. 4.

0. Multi-purpose Foyer 1. Performing Theatre 1 2. Performing Theatre 2 3. Cafe 4. Wash-room 5. Exhibition Space 6. Multi-purpose Space 7. Basement Parking 8. Cores

10. Gotapatti Karkhana 11. Dhurrie Karkhana 12. Miniature P. Karkhana 13. Laquer Karkhana 14. Tarkashi Karkhana 15. Blue Pottery Karkhana

6. Students Dorm 7. Artisans Dorm 8. Service Area 9. Artisans Training Centre 10. A/V Room 11. Multimedia Room 12. Future Expansion

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

4. 8.

Architectural Thesis Research

0. The Block

Broad Programme Zoning

Functional Zoning

1. Retaining Vertical Circulation; Demarcating Toilets and Service Cores

2. Installing Elevators for Vertical Circulation

Zoning

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Towards Jantar Mantar

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

196 m

94 m 67 m

66 m

Hawa Mahal Road

94 m

67 m

180m

210 m

Towards Govind devji Mandir

Chota Chowk Jaleb Chowk Gate Jaleb Chowk City Palace Gate Museum Gate The Palace School

1 2 3 4 5 6

Police Headquarters Jantar Mantar

Govt. School Complex

ADMA office

S.M.S Town Hall

Jantar Mantar Gate

Govind devji Gate

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Sireh Deori Gate

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Existing Site Condition

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

154

170 m

67 m

10.6m

D’

A’

Way to basement parking

94 m

Way to basement parking

Towards The Palace School

66 m

10.6m

Basement Exit

Towards Govind devji Mandir

C’

Jaleb Chowk Global Arts and Craft Square

B’

Chota Chowk On-Ground Parking

S.M.S Town Hall Community Cultural and Activity Centre

Hawa Mahal Road

94 m

67 m

6.2m

10m

54m

75m

180m

210 m

Govt. School Complex

ADMA office

S.M.S Town Hall

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

26 Tuk-Tuk Stand

25 Cafe

24 Contemporary Art Forum

23 Sunken Plaza

22 Spillovers

Open Air Theatre

12 Police Headquarters 13 Jantar Mantar

Pause Spaces

21 Event Spaces

The Palace School

Shading Canopy

Eatery

Jantar Mantar Gate

Museum Gate

City Palace Gate

Craft Karkhanas

Intimate Seating Area

Jaleb Chowk

On Surface Parking

Jaleb Chowk Gate

Govind devji Gate

Chota Chowk

Sireh Deori Gate

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

196 m

Towards Jantar Mantar 170 m

Site Plan

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

155

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Site Plan

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

196 m

Way to basement parking

94 m

66 m

Chota Chowk On-Ground Parking

S.M.S Town Hall Community Cultural and Activity Centre

Hawa Mahal Road

94 m

67 m

6.2m

Way to basement parking

10.6m

Basement Exit

Towards Govind devji Mandir

Jaleb Chowk Global Arts and Craft Square

170 m

67 m

10.6m

Towards The Palace School

Created Olena Panasovska from the by Noun Project

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Adaptive Reuse Design Principles / Strategies

Bottlenecking of gates

Drains

Built structures

NMVs and Footpaths

Open spaces

‘Underutilisation’

Public Infrastructure

‘Choked’

Waste water vs Ground water

Private space vs Public space

Local vs Tourist

‘Conflict’

Problems ProblemsIdentified solved

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Towards Jantar Mantar 10m

54m

75m

180m

210 m

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

156

Site Circulation

Hawa Mahal Road

Way to basement parking

Basement Exit

Towards The Palace School

Towards Govind devji Mandir

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Pedestrian Movement

NMV Movement

Basement Car Movement

Vehicular Movement

- Ensuring accessibility of spaces at all levels by providing ramps and elevators for inter-spatial connectivity.

Countering problem of bottlenecking by gates through fixing on site vehicular movement.

- Improving site circulation by pedestrianizing and demarcated flow routes.

Phew

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Towards Jantar Mantar

(3000*3600 )

Way to basement parking

Towards City Palace Museum

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

157

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+1960LVL

+1050LVL

(3000*3420)

(3400*5740 )

(3420*3620 )

(3420*5740 )

+450LVL

8 big vehicular car parks

+450LVL

Way to basement parking

+200LVL

36 car parks + 37 two wheelers

+450LVL

Way to basement parking

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+450LVL

Relocating public toilet

Sub-station

Removing Garage

Water Pump

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Transformer

Retaining Services

10 Landscaped Sitting Area

Public Toilet - 40 sqm

Car Parking - 934 sqm

8 9

Big Vehicular Car Park - 532 sqm

Substation

Water Pump

Jaleb Chowk

3 Transformer

Jaleb Chowk Gate

Chota Chowk

Sireh Deori Gate

Architectural Thesis Research

Existing Plan Source: Akshay Sancheti, Ascension Designs | Alterations, Design, Interventions: Author

(3000*3420 )

(3000*5740 )

+1050LVL

(3000*3600 )

+1050LVL

(3000*8260)

(3000*3620 )

+1050LVL

(3000*5740 )

Chota Chowk

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+600LVL

Pause Space

Spillover Spaces

-750LVL

+0.00LVL

+450LVL

+200LVL

10m

+0.00LVL

-1500LVL

+200LVL

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

1 +450LVL

+450LVL

+600LVL

+450LVL

Pause Space

Way to basement parking

+0.00LVL

Spillover Spaces

-750LVL

+450LVL

Shading Canopy Above

Seating Decks

+450LVL

Core

Basement Exit

Open Air Theatre

Spillover Spaces

+450LVL

Shading Canopy Above

10.6m

+450LVL

Core

+450LVL

4 +450LVL

+450LVL

- Ensuring accessibility of spaces at all levels by providing ramps and elevators for inter-spatial connectivity.

- Spatial detailing of programmed and designed spaces.

- Removing and adding partition walls wherever needed.

- Logical programming of spaces in accordance to the existing layout.

- carving, stitching, painting, storage and display.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Kathputli Karkhana - 396 sqm

Wash-room - 108 sqm

Kathputli Karkhanas

Service Area - 36 sqm

Eateries - 468 sqm

Design Studios - 300 sqm

Souvenir Shops - 277 sqm

2 4

Administration - 492 sqm

Security Frisking - 38 sqm

Architectural Thesis Research

Existing Plan Source: Akshay Sancheti, Ascension Designs | Alterations, Design, Interventions: Author

+450LVL

Way to basement parking

-750LVL

Jaleb Chowk Ground

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

159

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+5450LVL

+4400LVL

DOWN

+5550LVL

DOWN

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+5450LVL

+4400LVL

+5450LVL

2 +5450LVL

+4400LVL

+5450LVL

+4400LVL

+5450LVL

+4400LVL

+5450LVL

+4400LVL

+5450LVL

+5150LVL

Wash-room - 108 sqm Eateries Wash-room - 108 sqm

5 6

- Ensuring accessibility of spaces at all levels by providing ramps and elevators for inter-spatial connectivity.

- Spatial detailing of programmed and designed spaces.

- Removing and adding partition walls wherever needed.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Temporary Galleries - 540 sqm

- Logical programming of spaces in accordance to the existing layout.

Permanent Exhibition - 252 sqm

Administration - 492 sqm

Architectural Thesis Research

Existing Plan Source: Akshay Sancheti, Ascension Designs | Alterations, Design, Interventions: Author

+4400LVL

Jaleb Chowk Upper

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

160

-750LVL

+0.00LVL

-1500LVL

-750LVL

-1500LVL

-750LVL

Spillover Spaces

Event Space

Towards Palace School

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+450LVL

Drying Canopy Above

+450LVL

Basement Exit

4 +450LVL

Shading Canopy Above

+450LVL

Wash-room - 108 sqm Service Area - 36 sqm Workshop - 216 sqm Gotapatti Karkhana - 504 sqm

2 3 4 5

- Tying, dyeing, working table, drying, storage.

Bandhej Karkhanas

- working table, printing, stitching, sewing, storage.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Towards Govind devji Mandir

Bandhej Karkhana - 504 sqm

Gotapatti Karkhanas

Security Frisking - 38 sqm

Architectural Thesis Research

Existing Plan Source: Akshay Sancheti, Ascension Designs | Alterations, Design, Interventions: Author

-1500LVL

-750LVL

Towards City Palace Museum

5 +450LVL

Jaleb Chowk Ground

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

161

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+4400LVL

+5450LVL

+4400LVL

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

1 +4400LVL

+5450LVL

2 +4400LVL

+5450LVL

1 +4400LVL

+5450LVL

+4400LVL

+5450LVL

+5150LVL

Students Dorm - 180 sqm Wash-room - 108 sqm Service Area - 54 sqm

3 4 5

(3000*5740 )

+1050LVL (3000*3620 )

+1050LVL

(3000*8260)

(3000*3420 )

(3000*5740 )

+1050LVL

(3000*3600 )

+1960LVL

+1050LVL

(3420*5740 )

(3000*3420)

(3400*5740 )

(3420*3620 )

+450LVL

+200LVL

+450LVL

- Ensuring accessibility of spaces at all levels by providing ramps and elevators for inter-spatial connectivity.

- Spatial detailing of programmed and designed spaces.

- Removing and adding partition walls wherever needed.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Artisans Dorm - 234 sqm

- Logical programming of spaces in accordance to the existing layout.

Single Occupancy / Artists - 10 x 72= 720 sqm

Architectural Thesis Research

Existing Plan Source: Akshay Sancheti, Ascension Designs | Alterations, Design, Interventions: Author

+5450LVL

Jaleb Chowk Upper

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

162

Shading Canopy Above

Tuk-Tuk Stand

+450LVL

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Spillover Spaces

Event Space

+450LVL

-750LVL

-1500LVL

+450LVL

-1500LVL

-750LVL

-1500LVL

Wash-room - 108 sqm Service Area - 72 sqm Eateries - 468 sqm Miniature Painting Karkhana - 216 sqm

2 3 4 5

- working table, display, storage.

Miniature painting Karkhanas

- weaving loom, preparation area, storage, display area.

Dhurrie Karkhanas

Dhurrie Karkhana - 504 sqm

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Towards City Palace Museum

Security Frisking - 38 sqm

Architectural Thesis Research

Existing Plan Source: Akshay Sancheti, Ascension Designs | Alterations, Design, Interventions: Author

+450LVL

Towards Jantar Mantar

+450LVL

Jaleb Chowk Ground

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

163

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+4400LVL

+5450LVL

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

1 +4400LVL

+5450LVL

+4400LVL

+5450LVL

+4400LVL

Wash-room - 108 sqm Service Area - 72 sqm

4 5

- Ensuring accessibility of spaces at all levels by providing ramps and elevators for inter-spatial connectivity.

- Spatial detailing of programmed and designed spaces.

- Removing and adding partition walls wherever needed.

- Logical programming of spaces in accordance to the existing layout.

Reading / Multimedia Area - 202 sqm

+4400LVL

A/V Room - 235 sqm

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

+5450LVL

Artisan Training Center - 675 sqm

Architectural Thesis Research

Existing Plan Source: Akshay Sancheti, Ascension Designs | Alterations, Design, Interventions: Author

+5450LVL

Jaleb Chowk Upper

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

164

+450LVL

Shading Canopy Above

(3700*2800)

+1350LVL

+1050LVL

+0.00LVL

Spillover Spaces

Intimate Seating Area

(3700*2800)

+1350LVL

Towards Town Hall

Core

Tuk-Tuk Stand

Towards Jantar Mantar

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+450LVL

-750LVL

+450LVL

+600LVL

+450LVL

-750LVL

+450LVL

+0.00LVL

+200LVL

+0.00LVL

-1500LVL

Laquer Karkhana - 216 sqm Tarkashi Karkhana - 234 sqm Blue Pottery Karkhana - 324 sqm

1 2 3

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

- burning kiln, preparation area, painting, storage.

Blue Pottery Karkhanas

- burning kiln, preparation area, painting, storage.

Laquer Karkhanas

Security Frisking - 38 sqm

Architectural Thesis Research

Existing Plan Source: Akshay Sancheti, Ascension Designs | Alterations, Design, Interventions: Author

+450LVL

Jaleb Chowk Ground

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

165

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+0.00LVL

Shading Canopy Above

Seating Decks

Intimate Seating Area

Spillover Spaces

-750LVL

E G

+0.00LVL

-750LVL

-1500LVL

-750LVL

+0.00LVL

+450LVL

Way to basement parking

+600LVL

Pause Space

10m

+0.00LVL

-1500LVL

-750LVL

+600LVL

Pause Space

+450LVL

Way to basement parking

Event Space

Shading Canopy Above

Seating Decks

Open Air Theatre

Spillover Spaces

+450LVL

Core

+450LVL

Core

+450LVL

Shading Canopy Above

10.6m

+450LVL

Foyer space - 2916 sqm

- Use of neutral materials for light spatial interventions.

- [ Heritage Response] not to falsify the heritage; maintaining heritage integrity.

- Vibration isolation construction as like JMRC.

- Proper setbacks from heritage buildings during insertion.

- No hampering to old building foundation.

- No under ground construction in heritage buildings.

Entry

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Core

+450LVL

Towards Govind devji Mandir

Shading Canopy Above

Drying Canopy Above

+450LVL

Basement Exit

Spillover Spaces 9

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+450LVL

Shading Canopy Above

10.6m

Core

-1500LVL

54m

-1500LVL

Towards Palace School

3 -1500LVL

+450LVL

-750LVL

75m

Towards City Palace Museum

Spillover Spaces

Event Space

+450LVL

Architectural Thesis Research

+450LVL

Core

+450LVL

Tuk-Tuk Stand

Towards Jantar Mantar

+450LVL

Shading Canopy Above

Core

+450LVL

Jaleb Chowk Upper Ground

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

166

+0.00LVL

Spillover Spaces

Seating Decks

Shading Canopy Above

-750LVL

-1500LVL

-750LVL

-1500LVL

-750LVL

-1500LVL

+0.00LVL

+450LVL

Way to basement parking

+600LVL

10m

Replanning of soil water to into feeder line to Nag Talai Nala

layout

Proposed Stormwater Infrastructure

-750LVL

Proposed Stormwater Infrastructure

Well revival

-750LVL

-1500LVL

-750LVL

Water retention, taion

Replanning of soil water to into feeder line to Nag Talai Nala

aesthetic value

Shading

+450LVL

Spillover Spaces

8 providing

Semi-Permeable

+450LVL

E. To prevent the place from ecological Shading degradation from rapid commerciali-Canopy Way to basement parking Above sation and tourist influx.

+450LVL

Use of Eco-Paver/ Turf pavers for water permeability

membrane to protect completes the ecosystem and makes it water from pollutants self sustainable requiring little mainteSeating Decks nance and care.

Use of Eco-Paver/ Turf E. To prevent the place from ecological pavers for water permeability Shading degradation from rapid commercialiCanopy D. To bring ecological that sation anddiversity tourist influx. Semi-Permeable Above

+600LVL

Open Air retention and recharge10.6m lake C. To prevent pollution of resot=urces self sustainable requiring little mainteTheatre rather than a temporary Pause Space reservoir nance andsoil care. such as air, water and and extend the ecological value.

membrane to protect completes the ecosystem and makes itTal katora lake into water from pollutants a water

and resulting Urban Heat island contribution of the precinct to ecological the Jaipurdiversity city. that D. To bring

+0.00LVL

Semi-Permeable membrane to protect water from pollutants

Tal katora lake into a water retention and recharge lake rather than a temporary reservoir

+450LVL

Amaltas Tree

Grass Crete

Neem Tree

Earth Pavement

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Gulmohar Tree

Cobble stone

- Use of Eco-paver’s / turf paver’s for water permeability

- Footpaths and maximum surface covered with low albedo and higher permeability value material to constraint UHI effect. All New built structure minimizes solar radiation to collectively minimize UHI

New built structures use RWH systems to recharge ground water table

Use of Eco-Paver/ Turf solar radiationthe to collectively E. Toes prevent place from ecological pavers for water minimize UHI permeability - RWH systems to recharge degradation from rapid commercialiTal katora lake into a water

All New built structure minimizbution of the precinct to the Jaipur city.

J I G ble inHthe site and the precinct.

+450LVL

All New built structure minimizes solar radiation to collectively minimize UHI

New built structures use RWH completes the ecosystem and makes it systems to recharge ground water table self sustainable requiring little mainteB. To minimise Solar Radiation intake nance and care. and resulting Urban Heat island contri-

New built structures use RWH systems to recharge ground water table

B. To minimise Solar Radiation intake and resulting Urban Heat island contribution of the precinct to the Jaipur city.

Footpaths and maximum surface covered with low 7 xerophytic planaalbedo and higher permeability value materials to constrain Wide canopy, sculptural, shadeUHI effect

Water retention, xerophytic planacare and maximum shade albedo and higher permeability Above value materials to constrain taion 6 UHI effect

Lofted wide crown xerophytic

with tree grates to Footpaths and maximum from A. Toplantation Acheve as maximum water penewater pollutants shade footpaths with minimal Canopy surface covered with low tration, absorption and retention possible in the site and the precinct.

underutilized drains. Semi-Permeable Design Goals formembrane ecological revamp to protect

Lofted wide crown xerophytic plantation with tree grates to shade footpaths with minimal care and maximum shade

- Lofted wide crown xerophytic plantation with tree grates to shade with minimal care and maximum shade.

Footpaths and maximum surface covered with low albedo and higher permeability value materials to constrain UHI effect

- Channelling storm-water to

Wide canopy, sculptural, shade providing

xerophytic plana-

C. To prevent pollution of resot=urces 9 Design Goals for ecological revamp such as air, water and soil and extend Wide canopy, sculptural, shade Use of Eco-Paver/ Turf providing as maximum water penethe ecological A. To Acheve Basement Exit value. 10 pavers for water tration, absorption and retention possidiversity that permeability ble in the site and the precinct. D. To bring ecological

Upgradation of Infrastructure Well revival

Low Height, shrubs and flowering aesthetic value 5

Upgradation of Infrastructure

-1500LVL

+450LVL

Replanning of soil waterretention, to Water into feeder line to Nag Talai taion Nala

Drying Canopy Low Height, shrubs and flowering Above

Shade providing, medium height Event Space avenue pattern

Shade providing, medium height avenue pattern

Well revival

Lofted wide crown xerophytic plantation with tree grates to shade footpaths with minimal care and maximum shade

retention and recharge lake rather than a temporary reservoir

Roadside stormwater drainage channelised to Tal

retention and recharge lake C. To prevent pollution of resot=urces rather thaninflux. a temporary ground water table. sation and tourist “ Clutter - Free Landscaping “ such as Radiation air, water and soil and extend Core reservoir Spillover Spaces B. To minimise Solar intake the ecological value.

Pause Space

+0.00LVL

-1500LVL

Shade providing, medium height avenue pattern

Roadside stormwater Low Height, shrubs and flowering Katora lake of Infrastructure Height Tall Crown,Upgradation air filtering,drainage grid channelised to Tal aesthetic value Katora lake layout Height Tall Crown, air filtering, grid

Proposed Sewer Infrastructure

NagTalai Nala

Proposed Sewer Infrastructure

NagTalai Nala

Storm Water Feeder to Tal Katora

Proposed Stormwater Infrastructure

+450LVL

Proposed Sewer Infrastructure

E. To prevent the place from ecological Design Goals for ecological revamp degradation from rapid commercialiA. To Acheve as maximum water penesation and tourist influx. tration, absorption and retention possi-

Spillover Spaces

Intimate Seating Area

Core

Storm Water Feeder to Tal Katora

D. To bring ecological diversity that completes the ecosystem and makes it self sustainable requiring little maintenance and care.

Event Space

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+450LVL

Shading Canopy Above

10.6m

Shading Canopy Above

+450LVL

Design Strategies Drainage Vegetation Network Vegetation forinto ecological revamp Talstrategies katora a water Drainage Network Profile Profile DesignDesign strategies forlake ecological revamp

C. To prevent pollution of resot=urces such as air, water and soil and extend the ecological value. +450LVL

Roadside stormwater drainage channelised to Tal Katora lake

Design strategies for ecological revamp Architectural Thesis Research

+450LVL

Jaleb Chowk Upper Ground - Landscape

Height Tall Crown, air filtering, grid layout

Vegetation Profile

MACRO Level Interventions MACRO Level Interventions

NagTalai Nala

Storm Water Feeder to Tal Katora

B. ToMACRO minimise Solar Radiation intake Drainage Network Level Interventions and resulting Urban Heat island contribution of the precinct to the Jaipur city. January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

9.5m

200x200 steel box section

Movement of retraction

50m

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Side Elevation

350mm depth concrete footing

200x200 steel box section

Fabric for shading

Fabric shading above

- No risk of damage by strolling public.

- Mechanically operated by staff.

- Dynamic retractable shading.

Fabric shading above

350mm depth concrete footing

200x200 steel box section

Fabric for shading

Operating machine

2.9m

11.5m

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Lighting concept during night activation

Fabric for shading

Movement of retraction

2.9m

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Plan

Overhead operating machine

Front Elevation

2.6m

6.4m

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

9.5m

2.6m 6.4m

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Jaleb Chowk Upper Ground - Landscape; Retractable Shading Canopy

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10.5m

-4200LVL

6.75m

-4500LVL

-6000LVL

Basement entry

-4500LVL

-6000LVL

6.75m

13.5m

-6000LVL

-4500LVL

-6000LVL

A’

-6000LVL

-4350LVL

-5100LVL

-6000LVL

-4200LVL

-6000LVL

T 176 SCar Parks

-4350LVL

-6000LVL

-6800LVL

-6000LVL

-6800LVL

-5300LVL

Basement entry

-6000LVL

-4200LVL

Basement exit

B’

C’

- Use of neutral materials for light spatial interventions.

- Vibration isolation construction as like JMRC.

- Proper setbacks from heritage buildings during insertion.

- No hampering to old building foundation.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Parking- 6500 sqm

- No under ground construction in heritage buildings.

Exhibition Space- 720 sqm

Multipurpose Hall- 800 sqm

Art Gallery - 228 sqm

Cafe - 82.5 sqm

Wash-room - 100 sqm

Performing Theatre 2 - 316 sqm

4 5

Performing Theatre 1 - 602 sqm

Spillover space

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

7.8m

13.5m

Jaleb Chowk Lower Ground

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

For light spatial intervention

Steel column supporting tensile roof

Structural System

Mother and child concept

Contextualizing the juxtaposition

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Form Development

The palki form

Source of images above: Google

Shading of courts during the time of maharaja’s

Source of images above: Archival Paintings Tour, City Palace Virtual Museum, thecitypalacejaipur.com

Jaleb Chowk; Contemporary Art Forum; Roof Canopy Design Concept

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

170

White Painted Steel

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

PTFE Membrane

Steel column to RCC beam detail

Clerestory window detail

Reinforcement

I-section

Steel bracing

Steel column

Fabric ceiling

Waterproofing membrane

Thermal insulation membrane

150x150 steel section

Clerestory window

200x200 steel section

Eave projection

PTFE membrane

13.5m

6.75m Roof Plan

6.75m

Roof Section

B 6.75m

D 13.5m

J I

54m

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Architectural Thesis Research

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Jaleb Chowk; Contemporary Art Forum; Roof Canopy Design

January - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

171

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

13.5m 75m

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Shading canopy

Spillovers

Pause space

Parking

Events space + landscaping

Green roof

Sunken plaza

54m

75m

Spillover space

Contemporary arts forum

91m

Spillovers

City palace gate

0 LVL

+9200 LVL

+12100 LVL

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Service floor

Sunken plaza

15m

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Section AA’

Sireh deori gate

11m

170m

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

172

Green roof

PTFE Membrane

White Painted Steel

Contemporary arts forum

Glass mullion wall

Painted steel column

Glass

Sunken plaza

Glazed clerestory windows

PTFE membrane

Steel sections

Events space + landscaping

Parking

Green roof

Spillovers

Shading canopy

Craft karkhanas

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

0 LVL

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Section BB’

0 LVL

Parking

Sunken plaza

+5750 LVL

Events space + landscaping

+10190 LVL

Spillovers

52.5m

+10190LVL

Shading canopy

54m

75m

+5750 LVL

Craft Karkhanas

52.5m

180m

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173

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur Sunken plaza

Contemporary arts forum

Sunken plaza

Events space + landscaping

Spillovers

Shading canopy

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

0 LVL

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Section CC’

Craft karkhanas

+5750 LVL

Events space + landscaping

+10190 LVL

Spillovers

52.5m

+5750 LVL

Shading canopy

54m

75m

+10190 LVL

Craft Karkhanas

52.5m

180m

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

174

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Slab Cuts

- Conflicts

Dilemmas

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Obligations - Handling with care

Opportunities - Where to intervene? - What to improve?

Post Independence

Low Significance

Early 20th century

High Significance

Late 19th century

Very High Significance

Cultural Value Assessment to provide generative iterative design process and a baseline to start

Upper Ground Floor Plan

Toilets

Slab Cuts

Architectural Thesis Research

Plan Source: Amulya, MNIT Jaipur

Lower Ground Floor Plan

Toilets

S.M.S Town Hall Cultural Value Assessment

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Plan Source: Amulya, MNIT Jaipur

Addition of Light Tubes

Installing Anidolic Light Duct

Replacing Truss by Photovoltaic Glass Panels

Second Floor Plan

Toilets

Inducing volumes to break spatial monotony. Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Adaptive Fabric for the windows

Slab Cuts

Architectural Thesis Research

Introduction of Light Shelves

First Floor Plan

Slab Cuts

Toilets

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176

0. The Block

Functional Zoning

1. Retaining Vertical Movement Cores & Expansion

2. Demarcating Toilets and Service Cores

3. 5.

5. 2.

1. Foyer; Locker Rooms 2. Waiting Lounge 3. Committee Meeting 4. Spillover Space 5. Crèche

00. Lower Ground Floor

1. Multi-purpose Room 2. Spillover Space 3. Admin 4. Auxiliary 5. Banquet 6. Dining 7. Kitchen

01. Upper Ground Floor

1. Wellness + Spa 2. Games Room, Children Activity Area, Entertainment Room

02. First Floor

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

1. Multimedia & Reading Space 2. Co-working Space 3. Fab-Lab and Vocational School

03. Second Floor

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Zoning

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

-6700LVL

+1050LVL

(3000*3420)

+1050LVL

(3330*5740 )

+1960LVL

(8920*3600 )

+1050LVL

(8920*5740 )

+1050LVL

(8920*3600 )

+1150LVL

+1960LVL

(3000*3420 )

+1150LVL

(3000*5740 )

(3000*3600 )

+1350LVL

(3700*2800)

+1960LVL

(14190*3420 )

+1050LVL

(14190*5740 )

+1050LVL

(14190*3600 )

+1050LVL

(3700*2800)

+1350LVL

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

(3000*3420 )

(3000*5740 )

(3000*3600 )

(3330*5740 )

+1350LVL

+0.00LVL

(3000*3420 )

(3000*5740 )

(3000*3600 )

+1960LVL

+1050LVL

(8920*3420 )

+1050LVL

(8920*5740 )

(8920*3600 )

(3000*3420 )

(3000*5740 )

+1050LVL

(3000*3600 )

+1050LVL

(3000*8260)

(3000*3620 )

+1050LVL

(3000*5740 )

+1960LVL

+1050LVL

(3000*3420)

(3400*5740 )

(3420*3620 )

(3420*5740 )

+450LVL

Wash-room - 24.85 + 47.6 sqm Lift Lobby - 10 sqm Service Room - 35 + 48.72 sqm Spillover Space - 50.57 sqm Committee Meeting Space - 85.55 sqm

5 6 7 8 9

Technical Room - 28.1 sqm Storage - 12.2 + 10.5 sqm Office - 31.5 sqm Classroom - 57 sqm Toddler’s Room - 35.76 sqm Kitchen - 22 sqm

14 15 16 17 18

- Spatial detailing designed spaces.

programmed

- Logical programming of spaces accordance to the existing layout.

Stage - 28.1 sqm

Green Room - 12.2 sqm

Committee Seating Space - 53.65 sqm

and

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

- Removing and adding partition walls wherever needed.

- Anchoring throughout the construction.

- Taking use of existing slab cuts for installing elevators.

Waiting Area - 116.8 sqm

Janitor’s Room - 8.6 sqm

Staff Locker’s Room - 23 sqm

2 3

Entrance Lobby - 24.5 sqm

Entrance Lift

Architectural Thesis Research

Plan Source: Amulya, MNIT Jaipur

+450LVL

Lower Ground Floor Plan

February - May 2021 [ Creating Commons ]

178

+9730LVL

(3130*3140)

CUPBOARD

+9600LVL

(4250*5500)

+9600LVL

+9720LVL

CUPBOARD

(8660*8000)

+9730LVL

(8660*3140)

+9600LVL

(8660*5500)

+9500LVL

(8660*3340)

+9600LVL

CUPBOARD

+9250LVL

+9730LVL

+9600LVL

(5250*3140)

+9600LVL

CUPBOARD

+450 LVL

(13900*3140)

+9600LVL

(13900*5500)

+450 LVL

1.5 M WIDE PASSAGE

+9600LVL

+9150LVL

+50 LVL

+450 LVL

+150 LVL

+250 LVL

+350 LVL

+9600LVL

CUPBOARD

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+9730LVL

+9600LVL

(2760*3460)

+9600LVL

(2760*3340)

(2760*8000)

+9600LVL

(8660*3340)

+9600LVL

+9150LVL

+9730LVL

+9600LVL

(5250*3140)

+9600LVL

+9250LVL

(8660*8000)

+9730LVL

(8660*3140)

+9600LVL

(8660*5500)

+9500LVL

(8660*3340)

+9600LVL

(8660*3340)

+9600LVL

CUPBOARD

+9730LVL

+9600LVL

(2760*3460)

+9600LVL

(2760*5500)

+9600LVL

(2760*3340)

+9600LVL

(2760*8000)

CUPBOARD

+9600LVL

(3130*3140)

+9600LVL

(4250*5500)

+9600LVL

+9720LVL

+9600LVL

+9730LVL

CUPBOARD

Pre-function / Dining Area - 130 sqm Banquet Hall - 243 sqm Kitchen - 70 sqm Banquet Spillover - 79.5 sqm

6 7 8 9

GOVERNER

CONTROL BOX

Admin Area - 252 sqm Lift Lobby - 9 sqm

Auxiliary Space - 180 sqm

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

road lvl.

-6,655 LVL

+570 LVL

+4000 LVL

+7750 LVL

+11,600 LVL

+13,000 LVL

+15,300 LVL

+16,500 LVL

+20,000 LVL

Service Room - 30.8 + 26.4 sqm

Wash-room - 61.6 + 37.4 sqm

Section through Multi-purpose Hall

SPEAKER

Lift Lobby - 2 x 23 sqm

OFFICER'S BOX

Multi Purpose Spillover - 180.18 sqm

Restaurant - 2 x 96 = 192 sqm

2 Multi Purpose Hall - 436.6 sqm

Canopy Structure - 1482 sqm

Lift Canopy - 44.2 sqm

Architectural Thesis Research

Plan Source: Amulya, MNIT Jaipur

CUPBOARD

+9730LVL

CUPBOARD

+9870LVL

CUPBOARD

Upper Ground Floor Plan

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+13150LVL

(3130*3140)

+13150LVL

(4250*5500)

+13150LVL

+4250 LVL

+5000 LVL

(8660*8000)

+4100 LVL

+13320LVL

+13150LVL

(8660*3140)

(8660*5500)

(8660*3340)

+13350LVL

(8660*3340)

+13150LVL

+13350LVL

12 Gym - 177.74 sqm

- Logical programming of spaces accordance to the existing layout.

Entertainment Room - 64.02 sqm

Games Room - 143.1 sqm

- Taking use of existing slab cuts for installing elevators.

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

+16750LVL

(7600*8000)

+16750LVL

(2760*3340)

+16750LVL

(8660*3140)

+16900LVL

+16750LVL

(8660*5500)

+16750LVL

(8660*3340)

(8660*8000)

+16750LVL

(8660*3340)

+16900LVL

adding

partition

walls

Spillover Space - 51.52 sqm

Classroom - 59.36 sqm

Office - 66 sqm

Wash-room - 37.4 + 61.6 sqm

4 Maker’s Space - 315 sqm

Seating Area - 50 sqm

+16900LVL

+16750LVL

(8660*3140)

(8660*5500)

(8660*3340)

+16750LVL

(2760*3340)

+16750LVL

7750LVL

(7600*8000)

(8660*8000) +16750LVL

programmed

and

12 Lift Lobby - 9 sqm

11 Co-Working - 501.2 sqm

10 Service Room- 26.4 + 30.8 sqm

+16900LVL

(8660*3340)

+16750LVL

+13800LVL

(7720*5475)

+16900LVL

(7640*3060)

+16750LVL

+16900LVL

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

- Spatial detailing designed spaces.

+16750LVL

(13900*3140)

+16750LVL

(13900*5500)

(2800*5500)

+16750LVL

+16650LVL

(2800*5500)

Multimedia and Reading Space - 97.24 sqm Cafe - 98 sqm

Lift Lobby - 2 x 23 sqm

+16750LVL

(7640*3060)

- Removing and wherever needed.

11 Massage Room - 59.52 sqm

(3130*3140)

+13150LVL

Waiting Area - 61.2 sqm

+13320LVL

+13150LVL

(4250*5500)

+13150LVL

+13350LVL

+13800LVL

Architectural Thesis Research

Plan Source: Amulya, MNIT Jaipur

- Anchoring throughout the construction.

(2760*3460)

+13150LVL

(2760*5500)

+13150LVL

(2760*3340)

+13150LVL

(2760*8000)

+13350LVL

+13750LVL

Second Floor Plan

10 Zumba - 25.52 sqm

Service - 26.4 + 30.8 sqm

+13300LVL

+13150LVL

Wash-room - 37.4 + 61.6 sqm

(5250*3140)

+4750 LVL

+4100 LVL

+4500 LVL

+4250 LVL

Activity Area - 149.6 sqm

+13320LVL

+13150LVL

(13900*3140)

(13900*5500)

+4000 LVL

Cafe - 98 sqm

+4250 LVL

(5250*3140)

+4500 LVL

+13150LVL

+4750 LVL

+4250 LVL

+5000 LVL

+13600LVL

+13320LVL

+13150LVL

(8660*3140)

+13250LVL

(8660*5500)

+13150LVL

(8660*3340)

+13150LVL

(8660*3340)

+13150LVL

TERRACE

Sitting Area - 2 x 29.72 sqm

(8660*8000)

+13150LVL

TERRACE

Lift Lobby - 2 x 23 sqm

+13320LVL

(2760*3460)

+13150LVL

(2760*5500)

+13600LVL

+13150LVL

(2760*3340)

+13150LVL

(2760*8000)

+13300LVL

+13750LVL

First Floor Plan

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180

Cafe

(3000*3600 )

Spillover Spaces

Event Space

Pause Space

Kathputli Karkhanas

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Retractable shading canopy

Towards Govind devji Mandir

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Spaces which would be active occasionally during night.

Spaces which would be active during night.

Contemporary art forum’s roof

Light and sound show as a part of night tourism.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Hawa Mahal Road

0 LVL

+5750 LVL

+10190LVL

Eateries

Seating Decks

Open Air Theatre

Spillover Spaces

Event Space

Towards The Palace School

Architectural Thesis Research

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Miniature Painting Karkhanas

Eateries

Towards City Palace Museum

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Towards Jantar Mantar PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Night Activation

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

YEAR : 2020-21

IX SEMESTER

SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, BHOPAL

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

SEMINAR-III IS SUBMITTED AS A PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS

Scholar No: 2016BARC022

LAKSHAY JASORIA

SYNTHESIS OF PRACTITIONERS VIEWS ON CREATIVE DEALING WITH BUILDING SERVICES : ADAPTATION OF DILAPIDATED HERITAGE STRUCTURES

[ Emergency ]

[ Structural ]

[ Electical ]

[ Elevator ]

[ Daylighting ]

[ Water supply & drainage ]

[ Fire fighting ]

[ HVAC ]

In case of installing an elevator, prefer to install outside the building if possible.

In spaces with extremely low lighting levels, Inserting skylights or surface punctures in a traditional/contemporary way can be done improve lighting levels.

In case of pipe replacement, UPVC pipes can be used well than others.

To minimize problem of moisture Pre-action sprinkler system to be used.

Data Sorting Likert scale based data

Design considerations

Insights

Other data

Having specialised fire fighting system mitigating from outside.

Consideration of emergency routes, signage, lighting, etc.

services, evacuation

All service considerations revolve around the building’s structural stability.

Consideration of electrical services and addition of electrical ficures.

Elevators can be installed in a heriatge building keeping in mind of safety measures are as important as conserving heritage.

( Expected Outcome )

It is quite often that old drainage networks are possible to be retained.

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Synthesis in a form of a matrix

New plumbing system with entirely new drainage network based on zoning can be done.

Data comparision

New plumbing system merging with old drainage networks can be explored.

damage surfaces. Categorisation of sorted data into sub-heads

Problem of moisture from these system may

Problem of concealed pipework system can be avoided or if needed, old construction manner to adopted.

Pie charts, graphs, other modes of data representation Exposed water supply pipework system might be explored more.

Problem of moisture from these system may damage surfaces.

Building structural system can be weakened, if large quipments get installed.

Data analysis from under sub-heads

Installation of combination HVAC system or if applicable, VRF zoning system.

Qualitative data

Design recommendations

Data Retrived from Questionnaire

21 questions | Mode of Circulation - Google Form

- Respondents comments.

Synthesis in a form of matrix.

Respondents general perspective

- Situation based questions. - Based on respondents preference and insights. - Questions are revolving around these concerned services: HVAC, Fire Fighting, Water supply/drainage, Lighting, Elevator.

Based on building services

PART 2

PART 3

- Work background. - Work experience.

Background of respondents

Structure of Questionnaire PART 1

Framework of analysis

Conclusion

Questionnaire

Architectural Thesis Research

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Source: Seminar Research, Semester 10, Year V, Author

Services

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Towards Jantar Mantar

(3000*3600 )

Storm-water to ground

Hawa Mahal Road

Towards nag talai nala

Water supply line Towards Govind devji Mandir

Towards nag talai nala

Storm-water to ground

Towards The Palace School

Sewage movement

Stormwater drainage

Water distribution from storage tanks

Water supply from municipality

Proposed underground water storage

Existing water pump and storage

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Architectural Thesis Research

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Water supply line

Towards City Palace Museum

Services; Water Supply, Distribution and Drainage

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Zone A

Zone B

(3000*3600 )

Zone 4

Towards Jantar Mantar

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Service floor below accommodating electric plant room; AHU

Towards City Palace Museum

Zone 1

Towards Govind devji Mandir

Service area accommodating electric plant room, chiller plant; AHU on above level for distribution, cooling tower at the terrace

Zone 2

Hawa Mahal Road

Lower ground floor accommodating Chilling tower, zonal distribution of AHU’s on above levels, cooling tower at terrace

Towards The Palace School

Zonal distribution

Electric supply from substation

Service areas accommodating electric panels

2 Transformer

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

- Assumption: the building can accommodate cooling tower structurally.

- Not so old installation.

Existing cooling tower at terrace level, S.M.S town hall

1 Sub-station

Retaining Services

Architectural Thesis Research

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Zone 3

Service area accommodating electric plant room, chiller plant; AHU on above level for distribution, cooling tower at the terrace

Services; Electrical Supply and Distribution, HVAC

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New Value Induction

Social Value

Symbolic Value

“People as an Idea of Living Heritage”

Associative Value

Historic Value

[ CREATING COMMONS ] Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Architectural Thesis | School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal | Lakshay Jasoria

Art Value

Aesthetic Value

Architectural Thesis Research

- Charles Darwin.

It is not the strongest of species that survives, not the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.

Experiential Value

Architecture Value

Existing Values of the Site

Interventions

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Fin.

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Synthesis of Practitioners Views on Creative Dealing With Building Services : Dealing with building services in the adaptation of heritage structures | Survey for dissertation Adaptation of Dilapidated Heritage Structures, Questionnaire

12/8/2020

Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021

Dealing with building services in the adaptation of heritage structures | Survey for disse Author ation Source: Adapting heritage buildings and their systems often leads to a problem of maintaining original features in a heritage structure while accommodating new technologies and equipment. There is a need to find better ways to smartly adapt services in heritage buildings that are compatible with preservation, conservation, adaptation, as well as meeting occupants’ needs. The objective of this survey is to study creative views on dealing with building services while in the process of adapting a heritage building. The result from this survey will help me in doing my dissertation. I would be grateful if you could find some time from your busy schedules and answer some of my questions. Thank you. * Required

Email address *

Background

Which of the following best represents you? * Mark only one oval. Architect Conservation Architect Heritage Consultant Engineer Education/Academia Student Other:

What is the type of the organisation/institution you are currently working with? * Please tick relevant option

Mark only one oval. Private State or Government departments and agencies Local Government Non-profit organization Academic Institution Other:

How long have you been involved in heritage projects? * Mark only one oval. 0-5 years 5-10 years 10-20 years 20+ years

How many building projects have you worked on that have had a heritage component? * Mark only one oval. 0-10 10-50 50+

In what levels of heritage listing have you have had experience? * Check all that apply. World listed level National listed level State listed level Local listed level None

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1lgX-ZxU2hy9QX57xEPZ-7_eNebl9VuiI27qcrvPU1wc/edit

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Dealing with building services in the adaptation of heritage structures | Survey for dissertation

Adapting building services in a heritage building reuse.

The objective of this section of a survey is to get perspectives and views on dealing with building services while in the process of building reuse and redesign.

According to you, which of the following will really ensure the life cycle of a heritage building. * (The building services system should be sustainable enough to adapt to a long term life cycle of the new reuse of a heritage building)

Check all that apply. Minimizing long-term interventions on historic materials. Exploring alternatives that will allow the reuse of existing building services. Designing zone systems that will allow repairs to be done without disrupting the entire building. Avoiding/minimizing complex systems which requires more maintenance for their proper functioning.

Please think about ONE typical project that you have been involved in when answering the following questions.

What kind of HVAC system you will prefer in the reuse of heritage building that will minimize the impact on existing architecture? * Check all that apply. Water HVAC system Central air system Small duct system Combination system VRF zoning system Other:

According to you, what would be a more threat to a heritage building after the installation of a new HVAC system? * Check all that apply. The building structural system will be weakened due the weight and sustaining vibrations from large equipments. Problem of moisture may occur which might cause damage, including bio-degradation, freeze thaw action and surface staining. Exterior cladding or interior finishes sometimes have to be removed to install new vapor barriers and insulation. Decrease in the interior space of the building due to the new HVAC equipment's. Other:

10.

What kind of sprinkler system you will generally prefer that will minimize the problem of moisture while maintaining safety measures? * (Considering fire safety is as important as preserving existing architecture in the process of reuse of a heritage structure)

Mark only one oval. Wet pipe system Dry pipe system Pre-action system (linked to automatic fire detection) Other:

11.

What choice of water supply pipework you will generally prefer/consider in sprinkler systems while adapting heritage buildings? * (select any two)

Check all that apply. Exposed pipework systems Concealed pipework systems Integration of pipework in solid slabs Other:

12.

According to you, which among the following is a more challenging situation while installing fire fighting system in a heritage building? * Mark only one oval. Problem of concealing pipework in ceilings which have elements of artistry. Pipework distribution between the rooms and floors of a heritage building. Problem of choice between installation of fire safety doors or retaining old doors. Other:

13.

Describe briefly what should be done in the selected situation? *

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1lgX-ZxU2hy9QX57xEPZ-7_eNebl9VuiI27qcrvPU1wc/edit

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Dealing with building services in the adaptation of heritage structures | Survey for dissertation How often you have been able to retain the existing water drainage pipe network system in the reuse of a heritage building? * Mark only one oval. Never Almost never Sometimes Fairly often Very often

15.

In case of replacement of an existing water pipe, what material of pipe you generally prefer as a replacement? *

16.

In case of construction of a new toilet in a heritage building, what do you prefer among the following? * Mark only one oval. New plumbing system merging with old drainage networks. New plumbing system with entirely new drainage network based on zoning. Other:

17.

According to you, which among the following should be preferred in dealing with the problem of daylighting in the spaces with extremely low lighting levels? * Mark only one oval. Inserting skylights or surface punctures in a traditional/contemporary way to improve lighting levels. Relying on artificial lighting completely. Other:

18.

Do you prefer having an elevator in a heritage building keeping in mind heritage preservation is just as important as future accessibility? * Mark only one oval. Yes Rather yes No Rather no Don't know

19.

In case of installing an elevator in a heritage building, which among the following you prefer? * Mark only one oval. Installing an elevator outside the building. Installing and accommodating an elevator in the staircase well. Installing an elevator by making slab punctures among the floors. Other:

Adapting building services in a heritage building reuse.

20.

The objective of this section of a survey is to get insights on dealing with building services while adapting a heritage building

Do you think the outcome of adapting building services in heritage was : * Mark only one oval. Positive Neutral Negative

21.

In retrospect, would the outcome have been improved if your team had : * Mark only one oval. Better knowledge of the code requirements. Access to better technical solutions. Other:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1lgX-ZxU2hy9QX57xEPZ-7_eNebl9VuiI27qcrvPU1wc/edit

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Dealing with building services in the adaptation of heritage structures | Survey for dissertation Are there any other issues/experiences regarding building services in heritage projects that you have worked on that have not already been covered in this survey? *

This content is neither created nor endorsed by Google.

Forms

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1lgX-ZxU2hy9QX57xEPZ-7_eNebl9VuiI27qcrvPU1wc/edit

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Synthesis of Practitioners Views on Creative Dealing With Building Services : Adaptation of Dilapidated Heritage Structures, Results and Findings Seminar Research, Semester IX, Year V, 2021 Source: Author

CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS The following responses were received from the 27 respondents from the survey. Their views and perspectives strengthen the study. The survey is mainly divided into three parts which are quite well explained under the research methodology head of this paper. Part 1 Background

Figure 5.1 Respondents occupation Wide variety of users from different sectors have recorded their answers in the survey. This study targets wide user groups. This is done to understand the work background and their field of scope in similar projects. As shown in the graph, the most responses were recorded from the conservation architects, of which some had private practices while others worked somewhere.

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Figure 5.2 Occupational background This question gives a fair idea that the majority of respondents are either from academic institutional background or working at their own practices. They can relate things to a similar extent.

Figure 5.3 Respondents involvement in heritage projects (i) As clearly shown in the graph above, most of the respondents were involved recently in heritage projects while only one respondent can be seen from working in similar for quite a long time.

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Figure 5.4 Respondents involvement in heritage projects (ii) The question gives the fair idea about the number of projects the respondents were involved while dealing with heritage projects. The majority of the responses can be seen with the involvement in the projects ranging from 0-10, while a few dealt with much more projects.

Figure 5.5 Respondents involvement in heritage projects (iii) As clearly shown in the graph above, most of the respondents were involved recently in state listed projects and local listed projects, while few of them have worked in world listed projects as well.

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Part 2 Dealing Of Building Services While In The Process Of Adaptation

Figure 5.6 Respondents insights (i) As clearly shown in the graph above, most of the respondents think that designing zone systems that will allow repairs to be done without disrupting the entire building will really ensure the life cycle of a heritage building. Others think that Exploring alternatives that will allow the reuse of existing building services would suffice the situation. There are few insights regarding avoiding/minimizing complex systems which require more maintenance for their proper functioning will ensure the life cycle of a heritage building. For the following questions the respondents were asked to think about ONE typical project that they have been involved in when answering the following questions. The following questions responds to questions related to HVAC systems-

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Figure 5.7 Design recommendation (i) As shown in the graph above, most of the respondents recommend using combination systems of HVAC in the reuse of heritage buildings that will minimize the impact on existing architecture.

Figure 5.8 Design consideration (i)

Most respondents considered that problems of moisture may occur which might cause damage, including bio-degradation, freeze thaw action and surface staining as a more threat to a heritage building after the installation of a new

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HVAC system as well as building structural system will be weakened due the weight and sustaining vibrations from large equipments might create a problem as well. The following questions responds to questions related to fire fighting systems-

Figure 5.9 Design recommendation (ii) As shown in the graph above, most of the respondents recommend using pre action systems (linked to the automatic fire detection) as a preference over other sprinkler systems which will minimize the problem of moisture while maintaining safety measures.

Figure 5.10 Design consideration (ii)

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Most respondents considered that exposed pipework systems for water sprinklers would be a good choice while adapting heritage buildings along with concealed pipework systems or integration of pipework in solid slabs can be considered as well.

Figure 5.11 Respondents insights (ii) As clearly shown in the graph above, most of the respondents think that the problem of concealing pipework in ceilings with elements of artistry are more challenging than pipework distribution in between floors and slabs. For the same they think that, pipework could be exposed but with minimum interventions, or by camouflaging the system. Another insight suggested was to have a specialised fire fighting system mitigating from outside. The following questions responds to questions related to plumbing network-

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Figure 5.12 Respondents insights (iii) As clearly shown in the graph above, most of the respondents think that they somehow have been able to retain the existing water drainage pipe network system in the reuse of a heritage building. While a hew has never been able to retain the existing drainage system.

Figure 5.13 Design recommendation (iii) Most of the respondents recommended that UPVC would be a great replacement for existing water pipe material than PVC and CPVC.

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Figure 5.14 Design consideration (iii) Most respondents considered that in case of construction of a new toilet in a heritage building, a new plumbing system with entirely new drainage network based on zoning. Others also considered that a new plumbing system might be adopted while merging with the old one. The following question responds to question related to daylighting-

Figure 5.15 Design consideration (iv) Most

respondents

considered

that

installing

skylights/punctures

traditional/contemporary ways would deal efficiently with the problem of dealing with daylighting in the spaces with extremely low lighting levels, while others considered using artificial lights to deal with the problem of daylight levels in the inside spaces of a heritage building.

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The following question responds to question related to preference on elevator-

Figure 5.16 Respondents recommendation (iv) As clearly shown in the graph above, most of the respondents recommended installing an elevator outside the heritage building keeping in mind preservation is just as important as future accessibility. While a few recommended to accommodate an elevator in a staircase well if possible. Part 3 Dealing with perspectives of respondents-

Figure 5.17 Respondents insights (iv) As clearly shown in the graph above, most of the respondents think that work they have done so far projects dealing with adaptation of a heritage building holds a positive impact, while a few respondents had neutral impacts from their interventions.

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Figure 5.18 Respondents insights (v) As clearly shown in the graph above, most of the respondents think that if they had access to better technical solutions while dealing with the problem of adaptation of heritage structures would have a more viable impact from their interventions, while a few think that a better knowledge of codes would have suffice for difficulties they dealt with. Are there any other issues/experiences regarding building services in heritage projects that you have worked on that have not already been covered in this survey? The responses were1. Sudden drying of areas that have been wet for a long time while repairing will cause pressure cracks. 2. Consideration of electrical services. 3. Consideration of materials. 4. Minimal interventions should be done. 5. Problem of alternate building material. 6. All service considerations revolve around the building’s structural stability. 7. Emergency services in case of earthquakes.

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References Adaptive Reuse: Preserving our past, building our future. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.environment. gov.au/heritage/publications/adaptive-reuse Architecture - NOC:Architectural Conservation And Historic Preservation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:// nptel.ac.in/courses/124/105/124105003/ Bajaj, A., & Kumar, A. (2017). Optimising Green Spaces for Sustainable Urban Planning: A Case of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Sustainable Smart Cities in India The Urban Book Series, 175-184. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-471457_11 Cherchi, P. F. (2015). Adaptive Reuse of Abandoned Monumental Buildings as a Strategy for Urban Liveability. Athens Journal Of Architecture, 1(4), 253-270. doi:10.30958/aja.1-4-1 City Palace, Jaipur - Cultural Heritage Palace Complex - Rajasthan Tourism. (n.d.). Retrieved from http:// www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/city-palace.html Goyal, G., & Gokularchi. (n.d.). Architectural Thesis - Placemaking in Jaipur Urban Centre. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/gokularchi/docs/final_report Jaipur. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://smartcities.gov.in/node/132 Jaipur’s City Palace Museum: An Artistic Legacy. (2021, February 04). Retrieved from https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/amazing-india/jaipur-palace-museum-an-artisticlegacy/ Mehr, S. Y. (2019). Analysis of 19th and 20th Century Conservation Key Theories in Relation to Contemporary Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings. Heritage, 2(1), 920-937. doi:10.3390/ heritage2010061 Mohdamirasyraaf, & Amirasyraafzulkifli. (n.d.). Design Principles of Adaptive Reuse: Case Studies on Dockyard. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/amirasyraafzulkifli/docs/design_principles_of_adaptive_ reuse__-_160601 Mısırlısoy, D. (2020). Towards Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Traditional Marketplaces. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 1-17. doi:10.1080/17567505.2020.1784671 Revitalization of Public Spaces for Better Quality Of Life A Case Of Historic City Of Jaipur. (2018). doi:10.5176/2301-394x_ace18.107 Royal Jaipur. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://thecitypalacejaipur.com/book-ticket SMART CITY. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/rudsico/en/urbaninfra/sectors-programmes/smart-city.html# Safeguarding communities’ living heritage: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/resources/in-focus-articles/ safeguarding-communities-living-heritage/ Sepe, M. (2020). Urban Tools And Good Practices: Realizing Sustainable Public Spaces. The Sustainable City XIV. doi:10.2495/sc200141 Smith, L. (2006). Uses of Heritage. doi:10.4324/9780203602263 Says, A., Anonymous, Says, T., & Tanuj.1405. tj. (2019, November 13). Jaipur, Evolution of an Indian City. Retrieved from https://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/jaipurevolution-of-an-indian-city/

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur

Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur | Architectural Thesis Research Book

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Recuperating the Lost Spaces in City Palace Precinct, Jaipur | Architectural Thesis Research Book