გზავნილი ხულოდან

gzavnili xulodan ivlisi. 2013. #2

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foto: salome gorgoZe

Jurnali „gzavnili“ da studenturi jgufi Tanadgomisa da daxmarebisaTvis madlobas uxdis: sergi kapanaZes- ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis dekanis movaleobis Semsrulebels; mariam gersamias- ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Jurnalistikisa da masobrivi komunikaciis mimarTulebis xelmZRvanels; arCil dadians – ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis dekanis moadgiles; daviT maxvilaZes –ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis konsultants iuridiul sakiTxebSi; Tea gedenavas - ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis konsultants finansebis sakiTxebSi; daTo wereTels – Tsu–is sagegmo–safinanso ganyofilebis TanamSromels; nana (cicino) anTaZes – Tamar mefis saxelobis skola–pansionis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris ufross; darina daviTaZes – Tamar mefis saxelobis skola–pansionis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris specialists; raindi da naTia bolqvaZeebs – Cvens guliTad maspinZlebs xuloSi; oTar SainiZes - xulos municipalitetis ganaTlebis resurscentris ufross. oTar cinariZes - Jurnalists; gazeT „xulos“ redkolegias; geno da badri abaSiZeebs.

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gzavnili

EEeditoriali ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilsis saxelmwifo universitetis, socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis Jurnalistikis mimarTulebis saswavlo studenturi Jurnali. redaqtori: mariam leJava nomris redaqtori: salome gorgoZe stilist-koreqtori: fiqria fiCxaZe, cisia cercvaZe teqnikuri redaqtori/dizaini: lali Sengelia fotoebi: lika CaCua, xatia lelaZe garekanis foto: giorgi lolaSvili redkolegiis wevrebi: ana kakuria, lika CaCua, lela CanTaZe, xatia lelaZe, naTia barbaqaZe, salome quTaTelaZe, ilia qibrowaSvili, naTia kilasonia. konsultanti: maia toraZe

semestris dasawyisSi, Tsu-is meeqvse korpusSi, Cve­ni pirveli leqcia Sedga. Kkargad gvaxsovs Ais si­ xa­ru­­li, rodesac gavigeT, rom am semestrSi muSaoba arastandartul pirobebSi mogviwevda, masalebs ara TbilisSi moviZiebdiT, aramed regionebSi Cavido­ diT, vnaxavdiT iqaurobas, gavicnobdiT adgilobri­ vebs, davaTvalierebdiT RirsSesaniSnaobebsa Tu ub­ralo quCebs da Semdeg ,,gzavnilis” saxiT CamovitandiT maT ambebs. ambebs, romlebic yvela sferos mo­icavda: socialurs, ekonomikurs, politikurs, is­ toriulsa Tu kulturuls, romlebic gansxvavebu­ li iqneboda imisgan, rasac televiziiT vnaxulobT an presaSi vkiTxulobT. rac Seexeba Jurnalis saxels, ar dagimalavT da get­yviT, rom yvelaze didi problema Jurnalze muSaobisas, swored saxelis SerCeva iyo. Aam SemTxvevaSic ve­cadeT, rom saxeli, Jurnalis Tematikidan gamomdinare, simboluri yofiliyo da Cveni ,,gzavniliT” mkiT­xvelisTvis regionebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis saT­qmeli migvewodebina. pirvelad Canafiqri maSin ganvaxorcieleT, ro­ ca studentTa kvleviTi eqspedicia mcxeTas estum­ ra.ase Siqmna Cveni pirveli regionuli Jurnali „,gzav­nili mcxeTidan.’’

Jurnalis meore nomris mTavar Temad maRalmTi­ ani aWara avirCieT. gazafxulze xuloSi vizitma sa­ Su­aleba mogvca ukeT gagvecno es regioni, iqauri mo­ sax­leoba, maTi tradiciebi, samzareulo. Cvenc maTi yo­veldRiurobis monawileni gavxdiT, rac dagvexmara meti gagvego maT safiqralsa Tu problemebze. me­ re ki iqauri stumarTmoyvareobis, saocari xalxisa da ulamazesi bunebis ambebi ,,gzavnilis” saxiT wa­ mog­veRo mkiTxvelisTvis. imeds vitovebT, rom universitetis farglebSi ga­mosuli pirveli regionuli Jurnali yvela ge­mov­ nebis mkiTxvelisTvis saintereso iqneba. vimedov­ nebT, rom Tqveni mxridan “gzavnili” dadebiT Sefa­ se­bebs daimsaxurebs.

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sarCevi istoria politika

xulo – warsuli da Tanamedroveoba

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guram xozrevaniZe: „me samSoblo TaviT ki ara, guliT mtkiva!~

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nodar TavarTqilaZe: ,,Cveni problema Warbi muSaxeli da mcire miwebia’’

sazogadoeba

sxalTa-xixaZiri

– istoriuli xeobis Tanamedrove yofa

ekologiuri problemebidan migraciamde

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jandacva da socialuri politika xuloSi

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soflis meurneoba - problemebi da perspeqtivebi erTi saxli TagoSi

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qalebi maRalmTiani aWaridan xulo - turistuli zona

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Rrublebze maRla anu gaseirneba TagoSi

ganaTleba

ukeTesi ganaTlebisTvis ,,siCumis angelozebi”

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foto: salome gorgoZe

religia

Ggansxvavebuli sarwmunoeba-erTiani suliskveTebiT

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didaWaroba - wmida andria pirvelwodebulis xsenebis dRe

portreti

,,siyvaruls ver moi poveb, siyvaruls damsaxureba unda”

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„es aris qarTuli saxli, es Cemi saxlia, sadac movlen bavSvebi da iswavlian“ gv. 44

reportaJi

kultura

rogor movxvdi Tagos skolaSi

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erTaderTi gza garesamyarosTan

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„Tu firosmanma kaxeTis Temaze imuSava da aRwera mTeli kaxeTis cxovreba, me gadavwyvite, Cemi aWaris cxovreba amesaxa“ gv. 50 xulos ,,margalitebi”

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mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi mnaxvelTa mzeris miRma

tradicia

blogi

,,mainc qarTvelad davrCebi!” gv. 56 gemrieli receptebi maRalmTiani aWaridan...

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gv. 62 STabeWdilebebi gv. 63 CanarTi gv. 31 fotoreportaJi gv. 60

,,raRac axali”

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istoria xulo – warsuli da Tanamedroveoba adgili, sadac TiTqmis camde amaR­ le­­bu­li mTebi da gorakebia, ganwyobac amaR­­­le­­­bulia. adgili, sadac yvelaze me­tad ije­­­reb, rom caze zantad gawolil Rru­bels es-esaa, xels Seaxeb da sadac yve­laze me­­­tad grZnob saqarTvelos amaR­le­bul suls. garSemo gorakebze Wian­Wv­ elebiviT Sefenila umetesad or­sar­Tuliani sax­lebi, romelTa danaxva­zec maSinve unebl­ied gagefiqreba, rogor imagrebs Tavs da pirqve ar emxoba aseT damrec ad­gil­ze sagan­gebod wamo­mar­Tu­li koxta sac­ xovreble­bi _ es xuloa–Gsaqar­Tvelos rTu­­­li da mravalfe­rovani war­su­lis mqo­ne raioni. xulo, rogorc istoriulgeogra­fi­uli erTeuli, uZvelesi droidanaa cno­bili.HmecnierTa azriT, es teritoria axali qvis xanidan unda iyos dasaxlebuli. qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi xulo pir­velad Zv.w.aRricxvis III saukuneSi mo­ix­senieba, rogorc qarTlis samefos na­wi­li. saqarTveloSi qristianobis Semos­vla swored am mxaridan, maRalmTiani aWa­ridan dawyebula.es udidesi mniSvnelo­bis istoriuli movlena ukavSirdeba qris­tes mociqulis, andria pirvelwode­bulis saxels.igi aWaraSi,kerZod, xulos mu­nicipalitetSi Semaval sofel dida­ WaraSi Semovida da qristianoba iqadaga. kuTxis kulturuli aRmavloba sa­qar­­­­­T­­velos politikur-ekonomikuri Zli­­­­­­ere­bisa da aWaraSi abuserisZeTa mmar­­­T­ve­­lo­bis periods ukavSirdeba. abu­se­­risZeebi gansakuTrebuli siqveliTa da RvTis­­msa­xu­re­biT gamoirCeodnen. cnobilia, rom maT mier aris agebuli xuloSi xi­­xanisa da Txi­lvanis eklesiebi. mniSvnelovania me-12 saukunis, SoTa rusTavelis Tanamedrove moRvawis _ tbel abuse­risZis literaturuli memkvidreobac. tbel abuserisZe xulos municipalitetSi Se­ mavali sxalTis xeobidan iyo. xulos kargad icnobda anti-

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kuri sam­ya­­roc, romelsac aqtiuri kulturuli da savaWro urTierToba hqonda kolxeTis sa­mefosTan.rogorc xulos adgilobrivi mkvidri da istoriis pedagogi - JuJuna cec­xlaZe gviyveba, ukve Sua saukuneebidan xulo sakmaod dawinaurebuli regioni iyo.Aaq gadioda aWaridan artaanisken mimavali umoklesi samxedro da savaWro gzebi.

Mmisive TqmiT, xulos regionis rolsa da funqcias zrdida is gzebic, romlebiTac goderZis uReltexiliT samcxe javaxeTs aWa­ra-SavizRvispireTTan akavSirebda. qalbaton JuJunas guli swydeba, rom dRes xulos, rogorc istoriul da kul­turul regions, saTanado yurad­Reba aRar eTmoba: ,,xulo odiTganve kultu­ris centri iyo. dRes ki, adgilobriv­Ta did umravlesobas (ufro me­tad axal Taobas), es aRar axsovs.amitom, saWiroa moxdes im mdidari istoriuli da kulturuli warsulis wina planze wamoweva da popularizacia, romelic xu­los gasul saukuneebSi hqonda. gulda­sawyvetia, rom adre grandiozulad aRiniS­neboda da axla TiTqos miviwyebulia saxalxo dRe­saswauli tbeloba”. rogorc Tedo saxokias ,,mog­za­ uro­­bani”-dan vigebT, Sua saukuneebis xuloSi kar­gad yofila ganviTarebu­li arqiteqtu­ra, mwerloba, wignebis ga­ dawera, tyavis da­muSaveba. im droidan, ro­desac xulo, da­zogadad aWara, saqarTvelos moswyda da 1878 wlamde osmaleTis uzarmazari impe­ri­­is uRelqveS arsebobda, maRalmTiani aWa­­ra yovelTvis aqtiur ganmaTavisufle­bel brZolebSi iyo CarTuli.am kuTxis mcxov­­ rebni awyobdnen ajanyebebs, Taobidan Taobas gadascemdnen qarTul adaTebsa da tradiciebs, icavdnen mSobliur enas. xulos da aWaris istoriaze saubrisas adgilobrivebi aucileblad mo­ giy­ve­bi­­an istorias, romelic 1790–ian wlebSi xde­boda. aWaris mcxovrebTa qristianobi­sadmi jiuti erTguloe-

bis gamo, osmalTa faSa ganrisxebula da brZaneba gaucia _ daesajaT yvela, vinc mahmadianoba ar miiRo, rom maTi dasja Wkuis saswavli yo­fi­­liyo sxvaTaTvis.

SeukrebiaT aWaris mo­xucebulebi, miurekiaT aWariswyalis Se­sarTavTan, iq, sadac Tamaris xidia, xidze mouwyviaT Tav-sakveTi da dauwyiaT aTasobiT aWareli qristianis dasja. moWril Tavsa da tans aWariswals atandnen Turme, enis wvers ki osmalTa faSas uzavnidnen mi­si brZanebis Serulebis niSnad. SeRebila aWariswyali wiTlad... aseT pirobebSi icxovra xulom sa­uku­neebis ganmavlobaSi, Tumca aq xalxi ar gatexila, gansakuTrebiT imarjva Turme aqa­urma qalma _ dedam, romelmac 300 weli jvari aWdo pursa da mWadze, renega­ti faSebis meuRleebic ki Cumad qristi­anobdnen. aq axlac hyvebian ambavs, roca gar­dacvlil qalbatons TmaSi Cawnuli jvari upoves, rogorc niSani mama-papaTa sarwmunoebisadmi erTgulebisa... ...aseT brZolebSi udidesia axalcixis safaSos mmarTvelis, selim-faSa ximSiaSvilis roli da damsaxureba. is dampyrobelTan Seurigebeli dapirspirebiT, faqtobrivad, Seewira aWaris calke gamoyofasa da gaTavisuflebas.

XIX saukunis bolodan aWaris istori­aSi axali etapi daiwyo.xulo ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis axal gzas da­adga, Tumca ruseTis mier saqarTve­los aneq­siam xulos demografiul Sed­ge­niloba­zec iqonia gavlena. aqedan mo­yo­le­buli municipalitetis teritoriaze aq­­tiurad iwyeba xalxis Casaxleba sa­qar­Tve­­los sxvadasxva regionebidan. rogorc Tsu-is studentma, irakli ire­maZem (is warmoSobiT xulos raionis so­fel iremaZeebidanaa) gviTxra, selim ximSiaSvilis mier damowmebuli miwebis etratis aslSi, sadac is miwebs sxvadasxva raionSi mcxovreb gvarebs unawilebs, gvarebis absoluturi umravlesoba araadgilobrivia.

Tumca, nawils gvarebi Semdeg Se­ucvlia: ,,aRniSnul dokumentSi Cven, iremaZeebi baqraZeebad viwerebodiT, mag­ram mecxramete saukuneSi da kerZod, 1878 wli­ dan, roca rusebi baTumSic Semovidnen, didma umravlesobam gvarebi Seicvala sac­xov­rebeli soflebis mixedviT”. tendencia aCvenebs, rom dRes xulos mo­saxleoba TandaTan mcirdeba.

Sesabamisad mcirdeba misi ekonomikur-

kulturuli ro­lic qveynis cxovrebaSi.rogorc ad­­gi­lob­­rivebi amboben, mosaxleobis dac­lis mra­val mizezs Soris umTavresi mwir­miwiano­ba, mewyersaSiSi da eroziuli zo­nebis arsebobaa. swored aman gamoiwvia ga­suli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi im ekomigran­tTa raodenobis zrda, romlebic xulodan ZiriTadad qvemo qarT­lSi, guriasa da kaxeTSi Casaxldnen.

Aadgilobrivebs umuSevrobac awu­ xebT. maTi TqmiT, imis gamo, rom raionSi ar arsebobs dasaqmebis realuri Sansi, di­di umravlesoba dedaqalaqSia wasuli.zogic qveynis gareT, TurqeTSi muSaobs. soflis meurneobis dargebidan aq Zi­riTadad mxolod mecxoveleoba, kerZod ki mesaqonleobaa warmodgenili. sax­nav-saTesi kulturebidan ki simindi, lo­bio da kartofili mohyavT. erT-erTi adgilobrivi,72 wlis So­Ta TavarTqilaZe miyveba: ,,mkacri bu­ nebrivi pirobebis gamo aq rTulia na­ Te­si kulturebis moyvana, Tumca rac mog­vyavs imis realizaciac Zalian Wirs qarTul bazarze.magaliTad, aqauri kar­tofili TurqeTidan Semotanil Se­ darebiT dabalfasian kartofils kon­ ku­rencias ver uwevs da amitom Cvenc Sro­ma wyalSi gveyreba.” rac Seexeba turizms, buneb­ riv-kli­maturi pirobebis mraval­fe­ rovnebi­dan gamomdinare,mas xu­los municipalitetSi ganviTarebis di­di potenciali aqvs. aRsaniSnavia kurorti qedlebi, Tavisi saTxilamuro baziT da swored misi centris bazaze axlad Seqmnili saTxilamuro skola sofel danisparaulSi.Ddidi mniSvnelobis mqoneawiwvovan tyeebSi Cafluli kurorti beSumic, romelsac dasvenebisa da garTobis garda samkurnalo daniSnulebac aqvs.Tumca, rogorc xulos ganTlebis resurscentris ufrosma oTar SainiZem gviTxra, gaumarTavi infrastruqtura, mouwesrigebeli gzebi, arasrulyofili saTxilamuro baza, sastumroebisa da kafe-restornebis ararseboba, am mxareSi turistTa raodenobas sagrZnoblad amcirebs.

M

cisia cercvaZe

gzavnili 7

politika

guram xozrevaniZe: „me samSoblo TaviT ki ara, guliT mtkiva!~

xulo erT-erTi yvelaze maRalmTiani regionia aWaraSi. regionis marTvis specifikaze, arsebul problemebsa da prioritetebze munici palitetis gamgebeli guram xozrevaniZe gvesaubra. man yuradReba gaamaxvila soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis mniSvnelobaze da socialurad daucvelTa dasaxmareblad sakuTari iniciativebic gagvacno.

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_ batono guram, xulo aWaraSi erT-erTi yvelaze maRalmTiani administraciuli cen­tria, ra specifikaa msgavsi ti pis raionis marTva? _ specifikurad mTis regionis marTva ba­ris regionisgan Zalian gansxvavdeba. xu­ lo zonebadaa dayofili: sxalTa-xixaZiri, cen­­tri anu daba da Rorjomi. periferiulad yo­ veli maTgani gansxvavebulia. garda amisa, is rac misaRebia, vTqvaT sxalTeli gle­xis­­­T­vis, SeiZleba miuRebeli iyos dabaSi mcxov­rebisTvis. amitom, yvela erTeuls Ta­ vi­seburi midgoma sWirdeba. Tuki amas ga­­ iTvaliswinebs gamgebeli an sxva xelmZRva­ neli, mas garkveulwilad warmatebis sa­ windari eqneba. _ regionSi arsebul romel proble­ mebs da­asaxelebdiT yvelaze mniSvnelovnad? _ problemebs ra gamolevs mTaSi. bi­ ujet­­ Si cvlilebebi SevitaneT. ar gvyofnis Tanxebi, vTqvaT, xanZris Sedegad an stiqiis Se­degad dazaralebulTa dasaxmareblad. ufro metic, 2012 wlis 5 maiss Rvarcofi mo­ vi­da, 195 ojaxs miadga udidesi zarali, ramac 67415 lari Seadgina. dRemde araferi gake­ Te­ bula am mxriv. ekologiuri problemebi yve­­laze mwvaved dgas mTaSi. regionidan mig­ ra­ ciis mTavari mizezi swored esaa. mosa­ va­lic Semcirda. mec glexis ojaxSi var gazrdili da adre daaxloebiT 15 tonamde kar­tofili modioda ojaxSi, axla ki tonana­xevari Zlivs modis. niadagia gamofituli, mi­si laboratoriuli analizia saWiro. Tu mi­wa kartofilis kulturisTvisaa Se­ufe­ rebe­ li, maSin sxva kulturiT unda Sev­ cvaloT. _ ra RonisZiebebs atarebT am proble­ me­­bis mosagvareblad? _ pirvel rigSi, gansakuTrebiT vzrunav ima­ ze, rom rac SeiZleba naklebi xe-tye moiWras. aqamde ganukiTxaoba iyo. xe-tyis masa­ la didi raodenobiT gadioda TurqeTSi. Tum­ca, glexkaci Tavisi axirebuli nebasurviliT ki ar Sedioda tyeSi, ojaxis gamosak­vebad fuli sWirdeboda, saidanRac xom unda eSo­­va sarCo-sabadebeli? marTalia, proble­ma uamravia, magram mTieli kaci mTebiviT ama­ yia da bevrs ar wuwunebs. axla me unda viwuwuno bevri, rom am glexkacs ramenairad cxovreba Sevumsubuqo, mTaSi damagrdes ka­ ci da ar wavides. magaliTad, uamravi adamiani samxedro nawilis SenobaSi SeiWra da da­saxlda. Cven maTi ukan gamosaxleba gviwevs. gvpir­ debian, rom iq aaSeneben socialurad da­­ucvelTaTvis saxls, magram minda Cemi ini­ ciativa ganvacxado am sakiTxTan dakavSi­ rebiT. Tu xuloSi aSendeba es saxli, ma­ ga­ liTad, Txilvaneli glexi, romelsac aq Ca­ movasaxlebT rCeba Semosavlis gareSe. imi­tom rom, miwa TxilvanSi darCeba da iq yoveldRe mis dasamuSaveblad wasvlas ver moaxerxebs. Cemi

winadadeba iq­ neba, socialurad daucvelTa saxli baTumSi gakeTde. iq Casaxlebul mosaxleobas me­ ti Sansi eqneba muSaoba daiwyos da Tavi ir­ Cinos. _ rogor mimdinareobs regionSi soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis programa? _ soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisaT­ vis mTavari piroba miRebuli produqci­is re­ alizebaa. roca glexi aseT mZime Sro­ ma­ Si­­a(daxvna, daTesva, gaToxvna, Sewamvla, mosavlis aReba), produqti Tavis sabazro Ri­ rebu­ lebaze meti ujdeba. soflis meurneo­ bis axal­­ ma programam kargad imuSava. sxva Tu ara­­feri, glexs ufasod mineraluri sasu­qis gamoyenebis saSualeba mieca. iyo pa­ tar-pa­tara problemebic, magram samomavlod da­ ixveweba. Cvens raionSi wels soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis 9 programa unda gan­xorcieldes. erT-erTia CiTilebis progra­ma. aseve, soflis meurneobisTvis axali teqnikis SeZena. procesi kargad mim­ di­ ner­eobs. mTavaria, glexs moweuli mosavlis realizebis saSualeba mieces. _ rogoria Tqveni, rogorc xulos muni­ci ­p­alitetis gamgeblis, prioritetebi? _ pirvel rigSi, esaa _ gamgeobasa da sak­rebulos mWidro urTierTTanamSromloba. mosaxleobasTan yoveldRiuri Sexvedrebi. Sida sasoflo gzebis mowesrigeba. aseve, swav­la-aRzrdis srulyofisaTvis zrunva. CemT­vis mniSvnelovania soflis meurneobaze zrunva. stiqiiT dazaralebuli mosaxleobisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCena. socialuri uzrunvelyofis momsaxurebisa da samedicino dacvisaTvis zrunva. garda amisa, gamocdili kadrebis praqtikisa da axalgazrda specialistebis energiis ga­ moyeneba. garemos dacva da bunebrivi resursebis miznobrivad gamoyenebisaTvis zrunva. xelaRebiT dedabunebaze Seseva unda damTavrdes. da bolos, gansxvavebuli azrisa da sxvadasxva konfesiis adamianebis problemebis gaTvaliswineba. roca adamians gansxvavebuli azri aqvs, Sen unari unda gqondes, usmino mas. Tu pluralizmis xanaSi vcxovrobT, es asea. rac Seexeba konfesiebs, udides pativs vcem nebismier sarwmunoebas. me islamis mimdevari guram xozrevaniZe, vamayob, rom var qarTveli, magram var islamis mimdevari. riTi var sxva qarTvelebze naklebi? gana samSoblo im demagogebze naklebad miyvars, romlebsac erTi aguri ar daudiaT qveynis keTildReobisaTvis? me samSoblo TaviT ki ara, guliT mtkiva!

esaubra salome gorgoZe

gzavnili 9

nodar TavarTqilaZe: ,,Cveni problema Warbi muSaxeli da mcire miwebia’’ mis SromiT biografias Tu gadaxedavT, xulos garda, sxva samuSao areals ver aR­moaCenT. muSaoba rigiTi TanamSromlis poziciidan daiwyo. sabWoTa periodSi, xu­loSi partiis raionuli komiteti funqcionirebda, sadac teqnikuri muSakis Ta­ namdeboba ekava. mas Semdeg iyo mTeli rigi Tanamdebobebisa: xulos raikooperativis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare, subsidiebis saagentos ufrosi. 2006 wlis dekemberSi da­iniSna xulos sakrebulos aparatis ufrosad. meore mowvevis arCevnebis dros mo­saxleobam ndoba ganucxada nodar TavarTqilaZes da proporciuli wesiT arCeuli sakrebulos wevri gaxda. 2010 wlis 17 ivniss ki, rodesac pirveli mowvevis sak­ rebulos sxdoma gaimarTa, is sakrebulos Tavmjdomared airCies. Cven masTan adgilobrvi TviTmmarTvelobis organos muSaobis gasacnobad mivediT. gvainteresebda, ramdenad aqtiuradaa CarTuli xulos mosaxleoba TviTmmarTvelobis muSaobasa da gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, ramdenad iTvaliswinebs sakrebulo maT moTxovnebs. batoni nodar TavarTqilaZe interviuzec dagvTanxmda da xulos miunicipalur erTeulzec bevri ram gviambo:

10 gzavnili

_ batono nodar, rogor aRwerT sabWoTa da dRevandeli xulos msgavsebasa da gansxvavebas, Seicvala xulo bolo ocwleulis ganmavlobaSi? _ xulo dotaciuri raionia, sakuTari Semosavali ara aqvs. adgilobrivi Se­mo­­ savlebi Cveni biujetis mxolod 4-5%-s war­ moadgens, danarCens, dafinansebis saxiT, centraluri xelisuflebisgan viRebdiT. adrec xelisuflebis imedze viyaviT. amis miuxedavad, iseve, rogorc sabWoTa periodSi, dResac samSeneblo samuSaoebi ganuwyvetliv mimdinareobs da cxovrebis pirobebi umjobesdeba, win miviwevT. winsvla etyoba xulos mosaxleobis ezo-karmidamos, yofiT pirobebs. dRes xulos nebismieri mosaxle imaze ukeTesad cxovrobs, vidre 30-40 wlis win. sabWoTa periodSi cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebas xels uSlida aq ganviTarebuli monokultura _ Tambaqos plantaciis sa­xiT. wlis ganmavlobaSi xulos mosaxleoba 800-1000 tona Tambaqos amuSavebda da aba­ rebda saxelmwifos, fasebi ki, gaweuli Sro­ misgan gansxvavebiT, mcire iyo. Tambaqos plan­taciaSi muSaoba, misi specifiku­ri Tvi­­sebebis gamo, sakmaod Sromatevad saqmes war­­moadgenda, gansakuTrebiT ki qalbato­ ne­bisTvis. sabWoTa periodis dadebiT mxared mi­­ viCnev mravalSviliani dedebis mimarT yu­­ radRebianobas. daxmarebas aZlevdnen axal­­ Sobilebs, sam da metSvilian ojaxebs sami wlis asakamde socialur daxmarebas aZ­le­ vdnen. socialuri dacvis garantia mraval­ Sv­iliani ojaxebisTvis meti iyo. _ rogoria xulos municipalitetis de­mografiuli maCveneblebi da rogor ic­ vle­­boda wlebis ganmavlobaSi? _ amJamindeli monacemebiT xuloSi 33 000 mosaxlea, mis 76 sofelSi ki 8 000 komli, Tumca xuloelebi saqarTvelos 48 sxva ra­ ion­­Sic arian gansaxlebuli: ninowmindaSi, wal­kaSi, axalqalaqSi, lagodexSi, marneulSi. mosaxleebi, romlebic Cveni daxmarebiT ga­­dadiodnen sxva raionSi sacxovreblad, uz­­runvelyofilebi arian sacxovrebeli sax­liT da SedarebiT normalur pirobebSi cxov­­roben. xulodan gansaxlebuli mosaxleebi, ro­mlebic aq arsebuli cudi pirobebis gamo sa­kuTari iniciativiT wavidnen da mainc cudi sacxovrebeli pirobebi aqvT, xSir SemTxvevaSi ukan brundebian. RmerTma ar qnas, yvela gansaxlebuli ukan dabrundes, Torem maT­Tvis sacxovrebeli da sameurneod sa­ Wi­­ro miwa ki ara, fexze dasadgomi ad­gili aRar iqneba. miwis simcires ganvi­c­diT. tra­ di­ciulad, xuloSi mravalSviliani ojaxebi gvyavs. demografiis mxriv, prob­lemebi arc ad­re gvqonia da arc axla gvaqvs. 1982 wels,

rodesac dedis dRe pirvelad aRiniSna xuloSi, mas 101 gmiri deda eswre­bo­da. magaliTad, sofel zegardanSi, sadac sul 14 komli iyo, 10 ojaxSi gmiri deda cxov­robda da am ojaxebidan TiToSi aTze meti Svili gaizarda. danarCen oTx ojaxSi eqvsi an Svidi Svili mainc hyavT. _ ra saxis daxmarebas aZlevT mravalSvilian ojaxebs? _ Zvel periodTan SedarebiT, mravalSviliani ojaxebisTvis socialuri dax­ marebis programebi Sesustebulia da ar aris sakmarisi. gvaqvs sxvadasxva saxis so­ cialuri daxmareba: yovel mesame axalSo­ bil­ze ojaxs gadaecema socialuri daxmarebis paketi 500 laris odenobiT, meoTxe bav­Svze _ 700, xolo mexuTeze _ 800 lari. xui wlamde asakis Svili visac hyavs, 18 wlam­de maT erTjeradad wlis ganmavlobaSi 1000 lars vaZlevT. iyo periodi, daaxloebiT, sa­mi-oTxi wlis win, rodesac saxelmwifo yo­vel axalSobilze ojaxs 1000 lars aZlevda. aman yovelivem mkveTrad Seuwyo xe­li demogra­fiul zrdas. samwuxarod, dRes msgav­si saxis daxmarebebi ar gvaqvs. _ ra tipis meurneobas eweva xulos sof­lis mosaxleoba? _ xulo sasoflo-sameurneo raionia. sam­rewvelo sawarmo, faqtobrivad, ar ar­ se­­bobs. ganviTarebulia mecxoveleoba da me­mindvreoba. mcenareuli kulturebidan aq­centi aRebulia kartofilze, mcire ra­ ode­­nobiT awarmoeben velur xilsac. xuloSi mcxovrebi 33 000 kacisTvis aq arsebuli mi­wa Zalian mcirea. erT komlze 100-200 metri modis saxnavi miwa, rac Zalian mwiria.

Cve­ni mTavari problema Warbi muSaxeli da mciremiwianobaa. garda mciremiwianobisa, xulo gamoirCeva Tavisi aranayofieri niadagiT. Savmiwaniadagian raionebSi nebismi­eri saxis mcenareuli kultura gacilebiT meti produqtiulobiT gamoirCeva. xu­loSi meti SromiTi da sawarmoo resursia sa­Wiro erT heqtarze mosavlis mosayvanad. _ ramdeni partiaa warmodgenili dRes xulos sakrebuloSi? _ 2010 wels Catarebuli arCevnebis mi­­xe­dviT sakmaod mravalpartiuli sak­ rebu­lo gvyavs. sakrebuloSi xuTi ZiriTadi par­tiis warmomadgenelia: ,,nacionalu­ ri moZraoba’’, ,,qristian-demokratebi’’, ,,mrew­veloba gadaarCens saqarTvelos’’, ,,Ta­visufali saqarTvelo’’ da ,,qarTuli oc­neba’’. adre warmodgenil ,,nacionaluri moZ­­raobis’’ fraqciiaSi, axali realobidan ga­momdinare, Seicvala ZalTa Tanafardoba. sak­rebulos 23 wevridan 11 ,,qarTuli ocne­ bis’’ wevria. umravlesobas ukve ,,qarTuli oc­neba’’ warmoadgens. ,,nacionalur moZraoba’’ ki mxolod 5 kaciTaa warmodgenili. mTis xal­xis Cvevidan gamomdinare, axali

gzavnili 11

Zalis Camoyalibeba CvenSi ar yofila aranairi ukmayofilebis mizezi. sakrebulos wevrebma arCevani sakuTari gadawyvetilebiT Seicvales da SeuerTdnen ,,qarTul ocnebas’’. xulo patara sofeliviTaa. aq metia Tanadgoma mosaxleobasa da TviTon sakrebulos wevrebs Soris. _ ramdenia xulos municipalitetis biujeti da ramdenadaa CarTuli mosaxleoba prioritetebis dagegmvis procesSi? _ wels xulos municipalitetis sawyisi biujeti gasul wlebTan SedarebiT metia. daviwyeT xuTmilion naxevriT, Semdeg gvqonda rvamilion eqvsasi lari. biujetis dagegmvis procesSi winaswar qveyndeba Cven mier SemuSavebuli proeqti. deputatebi xvdebian mosaxleobas, imarTeba kreba. mosaxleobis azri modis Cvenamde da Semdeg raionuli masStabiT xdeba proeqtis ganxilva. yvelas aqvs sakuTari mosazrebis gamoxatvis ufleba, rac gamoixateba mudmiv azrTa WidilSi. ganxilvisas yalibdeba arsebuli prioritetebi. yvela sofels aqvs misi Tanxa da soflis mosaxleebis gadawyvetilebisamebr ixarjeba. _ ra problemebi awuxebT soflis mosaxleebs, ZiriTadad raze ixarjeba maTTvis gamoyofili Tanxa? _ sakrebuloSi Cemi mosvlis procesSi didi iyo mosaxleobis moTxovnileba soflis inventarizaciaze, mosacdelebis agebaze, sasmeli wylis mowesrigebis sakiTxebze, gzis gayvanaze. dRes sasmeli wylis problema TiTqmis yvela sofelSi mogvarebulia. sawreti arxebi, ase Tu ise, gakeTda. rac Seexeba gzas, mTaSi gzis gayvana yovelTvis problemaa. dResac am problemis winaSe vdgavarT. _ ra saxis programebs axorcielebs sakrebulo da ras gegmavT momavalSi? _ ganasaxorcielebel programebs Soris erT-erTia mgzavrobis Tanxis dafinanseba dializiT daavadebuli pacientebisTvis, romlebic samkurnalod qalaq baTumSi dadian xolme. socialur programebs Soris kidev erTia qronikulad progresirebadi daavadebebis mqone pacientebis mkurnalobis Tanxebis anazRaureba. gvaqvs programa ukiduresad gaWirvebuli ojaxebisTvis, gardacvililis dasakrZali xarjebis anazRaureba. aseve ufaso sasadiloebi. ufaso sasadiloebis 45 wlamde beneficiarebisTvis gvaqvs ufaso orTopediuli momsaxureba.

_ xulos perspeqtivebi . . . _ gvinda, rom mikrogadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi SevqmnaT. sawarmoebSi damzaddeba konservebi. moyvanili kartofili, xSirad dabali fasis gamo, TviTRirebulebas ver faravs. mosaxleoba zaraldeba. mikrogadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis SeqmniT Cven davamzadebT Cifss, saxamebels. dasaqmdeba xulos mosaxleoba da adgilobrivebisTvis kartofilis Cabarebis problemac mogvardeba.

goderZis uReltexilze 2025 metris simaRleze Sendeba samTo-saTxilamuro baza, romlis sigrZec 4 kilometri iqneba. periodulad mimdinareobs samuSaoebi. pirveli etapi _ 2 kilometriani trasa ukve dasrulebulia da wels ukve imuSava. meore etapi mSeneblobis procesSia da sul male dasruldeba. kidev erTi axlo momavlis proeqti, romelic ivlisis TveSi daiwyeba, aWaris wyalze hidroeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobaa.Mxolo xuloSi 24 kilomeris sigrZis gvirabi unda gaiWras.

gzavnili sakrebulos TavmjdomaresTan, baton nodar TavarTqe­ li­­ZesTan saubris Semdeg Jurnal ,,gzavnls’’ SesaZ­leb­lo­­ba mieca ramdenime kiTxva daesva qalaq quTaisidan mSob­liur dabaSi axladdabrunebuli xulos maJoritari deputatisTvis, ba­to­ni anzor bolqvaZesTvis. man xuloSi arsebuli problemebisa da sakuTari Rvawlis Sesaxeb isabra.

- batono anzor, Tqvens biografias gavecani. iyaviT muSa-mSenebeli- ostati. rogor moxvediT politikaSi? ra gza ganvleT? - xuloSi davibade da gavizarde. 30 welia ukve Cemi raionis samsaxurSi var. yovelTvis mqonda xalxTan urTierToba. jer samuSao obieqtebze. Semdeg sakuTari firma gavxseni, xalxi davasaqme. wasvla momiwia zemo afxazeTSi, sadac, daaxloebiT orweliwan naxevari davyavi, xulos 150 mosaxle waviyvane da davasaqme. yvela patriotuli banaki Cemi aSenebulia. ganmuxurSi pirvelebi Cven SevediT, aq ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi, arsebuli muqarebis miuxedavad, 56 Senoba avaSeneT. amis Semdeg, roca gadawyda Cemi politikaSi wamosvla me mqonda 24-saTian reJimSi Sexvedrebi mqonda raionis mosaxleobasTan. - ra konkretuli winadadebebi dasviT Tqveni raionis gansaviTareblad?

- vicodi mosaxleobis problemebis Sesaxeb. awuxebdaT mouwesrigebeli Sida gzebi, sasmeli wyali. is, rasac dRes naxavT dabaSi, molaparakebebiTaa miRweuli. 2008-2012 wlebSi vice-spikeris Tanamdeboba mekava. Tanamdebobaze daniSvnisTanave moviwvieT specialistebi, gavakeTeT xarjTaRricxva, daba xulos centri movawyveT misi saniaRvre arxebiT, aqve 5 kilometris manZilze saTxilamuro baza iyo. bevri wvalebisa da moTxovnis Sedegad aq 5 kilometris sigrZis betonis gza gakeTda. es gza dResac moqmedia da mosaxleobac kmayofilia. anzor bolqvaZe did problemad miiCnevs ekomigrantebis sakiTxs.

esaubra lali Sengelia

12 gzavnili

sxalTa-xixaZiri – istoriuli xeobis Tanamedrove yofa zemo aWara sul sam xeobas aerTianebs. Aam xeobebs Soris Tavisi geogra­ fi­uli mdebareobiT, klimatur-reliefuri pirobebiT, flora-fauniTa da, rac yve­laze mTavaria, mdidari istoriuli warsuliT, sxalTa-xixaZiris xeoba ga­mo­ irCeva. Aam xeobaSi arsebul socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobasa da mis kul­ turul-ekonomikur rolze saqarTvelos istoriul warsulSi, xulos ganaTle­ bis resurscentris ufrosi - oTar SainiZe gvesaubra, romelic warmoSobiT swo­red sxalTa-xixaZiris xeobidanaa.

gzavnili 13

Tamar mefis TaRovani xidi

sxalTis samonastro kompleqsi

xixanis cixe

14 gzavnili

- batono oTar, istoriulad ra roli eWira gasul saukuneebSi sxalTa-xixaZiris xeobas xulosa da zo­­gadad aWaris cxovrebaSi? sxalTa-xixaZiris xeoba istoriuli xeobaa. is Su­asaukuneebSi sakmaod dawinaurebuli mxare iyo. aq gadioda aWaridan artaanisken mimavali umoklesi gza. xalxSi darCenili zepiri Tqmulebebis mixedviT, am xeobaSi Tamar mefesac gauvlia. Aamas mowmobs sxal­­Tis TemSi arsebuli me-12 saukunis Tamar mefis sa­­xelobis eklesia-monasteric. Aaseve iq, saidanac sxal­Ta-xixaZiris xeoba iwyeba, Tamar mefis TaRovani xidi mdebareobs. cnobilia, rom aq gadioda abreSumis gzac.

- xeobaSi arsebobs ori saxelganTqmuli kul­ tu­­rul-istoriuli Zegli: sxalTis samonastro kompleqsi da xixanis cixe, ras gvetyviT maT Sesaxeb? xeobaSi istoriuli mniSvnelobisaa saamayo xi­ xa­­nis cixesimagre, romelic TurqeT-saqarTvelos saz­­Rvarze mdebareobs. Mmisi aSenebis zusti TariRi uc­­nobia. Tumca, mecnierTa umetesoba fiqrobs, rom is X-XIII saukuneebSia aSenebuli. xalxSi arsebuli le­­gendebi mis aSenebas Tamar mefes miaweren. xixanis ci­­xis strategiuli mdebareobis gamo, is qarTvel di­debulTa erT-erTi TavSesafari iyo. rac Seexeba sxalTis eklesias, unda iTqvas, rom isic istoriuli taZaria, romelic gasul sauku­ne­eb­ Si Turqebma ara erTxel aawiokes. iyo periodi, roca iq cxvris fara Seiyvanes, meCeTi gaxsnes, ga­dawves ki­dec, magram es eklesia mainc gadarCa. xalxSi Se­ mor­Cenili legendis mixedviT, sxalTis eklesiis mSe­­nebeli ostati iseTi gonieri da didi angariSis mcod­­ne yofila, rom mas winaswar gamouTvlia ramde­ ni cali qva dasWirdeboda am eklesiis asagebad. ro­ ca Senobis damTavrebas erTi qvaRaA aklda, aRmoCnda, rom qvebis maragi gaTavebuli iyo. ostats rom da­ una­xavs angariSSi movtyuvdio, sircxvilisTvis veRar gauZlia da Tavi mouklavs.

- dRevandel yofaze rom gadavideT, socialur eko­nomikuri TvalsazrisiT, amJamad rogori viTarebaa sxalTa-xixaZiris xeobaSi? unda iTqvas, rom xeobaSi ekonomikuri siduxWirea. samwuxarod, miwa sakmaod mwiri da mousavliania. qviSnari miwebis gamo mosavlis moyvana Wirs. Sesabamisad, am mxareSi soflis meurneobac naklebad aris ganviTarebuli. Tumca, rogorc am xeobaSi, ise mTel raionSi mTvari mamoZravebeli mainc miwaTmoqmedeba da mesaqonleobaa. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom aq naturalur produqts awarmoeben, adgilobrivebs maTi realizacia uWirT. Gglexi rom mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi kartofilis mosavals elodeba da Semdeg mas 20 TeTrad gayidis, gamodis is araTu mogebas iRebs, aramed zaraldeba, radgan erTi kilo kartofilis moyvana minimum 45 TeTri Tavidanve ujdeba.

- ra unda qnas aseT dros saxelmwifom? aseT SemTxvevaSi saWiroa saxelmwifom an kartofilis fasi gazardos, an kidev glexs Seuqmnas iseTi pirobebi, rom adgilze xdebodes kartofilis realizacia da transportirebis xarjebi glexma ar gadaixados. Tundac rZis produqtebis realizaci-

ac rom adgilze xdebodes, es am kuTxis ekonomikur winsvlas didwilad Seuwyobs xels.

- ramdenad gamarTulia xeoba infrastruqturis mxriv? sxlaTa-xixaZiris xeobaSi gzebi ori wlis win gak­eTda da es procesi kidev mimdinareobs. dasamTav­ re­belia gza xixanis cixemde _ 47 kilometris manZil­ze, risi gakeTebac auclebelia raionSi tu­ riz­­mis ganviTarebisaTvis. iqidan gamomdinare, rom es is­toriuli xeobaa, yovelwliurad aq daaxloebiT 15 aTasi turisti dadis.Dgzebis srulyofilad ga­ keTebis SemTxvevaSi, es raodenoba sagrZnoblad ga­ iz­rdeba. Sesabamisad, gaumjobesdeba adgilobrivi mo­saxleobis ekonomikuri mdgomareobac.

- turizmis ganviTareba axseneT, ra potenciali aqvs am mxriv xeobasa da raions? xixanis cixis, sxalTis eklesiisa da sxva kulturuli Zeglebis wyalobiT, aseve SesaniSnavi geogra­fiuli mdebareobiTa da bunebrivi pirobebis gamo, xe­obas aqvs kargi SesaZlebloba - ganviTardes SemecnebiTi da saojaxo turizmi. Bbolo periodSi sofel da­nisparaulSi samTo-saTxilamuro bazis mSenebloba daiwyes. bagiri gakeTda da pirveli etapi prin­cipSi dasrulebulia, magram meti turistis mo­sazidad misiA srulyofilad gakeTebaa saWiro. raions ukve aqvs sazafxulo kurorti _ beSumi. ro­ ca mas zamTris kurortic daemateba, aramarto raionis, aramed qveynis ekonomikac win wamoiweva. amasTan er­­Tad gasakeTebelia gzebi, kafe-restornebi da sas­tumroebi, risi ararsebobac raionis turistul da Sesabamisad, ekonomikur winsvlas didwilad uSlis xels.

- rogoria xeobaSi arsebuli demografiuli mdgo­mareoba? am xeobisTvis damaxasiaTebelia erTi kargi tra­dicia _ mravalSvilianoba. miuxedavad im soci­ aluri gaWirvebisa, romelic am kuTxeSia, demog­ rafiuli TvalsazrisiT sxalTa xixaZiris xeoba erT-erT mowinave adgilzea. aRsaniSnavia, rom ga­ Wir­vebis miuxedavad am xeobaSi swavla-ganaTlebis do­ne Zalian maRalia. radganac miwebi mousavliania, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba gamosavalsa da xsnas swo­ red swavla-ganaTlebaSi xedavs. amitomacaa, rom Aam xe­obidan aris wamosuli bevri ganaTlebuli adamiani. magaliTad: daviT mamulaZe, pirveli qarTveli ro­melic aWaras marTavda. Eim drosac ki, xixaZirSi im­denad Zlieri skola yofila, daviT mamulaZe Tavis Svils ara baTumSi, aramed xixaZirSi aswavlida.

Za­lian bevri profesori, filosofosi da niWieri ada­miani iyo am xeobiadan. magaliTad: sergo dumbaZe, baTumis universitetis profesori am xeobidanaa.

Aase­ve Tamaz xalvaSi, udidesi istorikosi, romlic swo­red xixanis cixesTan dakavSirebiT akeTebs sxva­ das­xva naSromebs.

gzavnili bolo periodSi sofel da­ nisparaulSi samTo-saTxilamuro bazis mSenebloba daiwyes. bagiri gakeTda da pirveli etapi prin­cipSi dasrulebu­ lia, magram meti turistis mo­sazidad misiA srulyofilad gakeTebaa saWiro. raions ukve aqvs sazafxulo kurorti _ beSumi. ro­ca mas zam­ Tris kurortic daemateba, aramarto raionis, aramed qveynis ekonomikac win wamoiweva. amasTan er­­Tad gasa­ keTebelia gzebi, kafe-restornebi da sas­tumroebi, risi ararsebobac raionis turistul da Sesabamisad, ekonomikur winsvlas didwilad uSlis xels.

esaubra cisia cercvaZe

gzavnili 15

sazogadoeba

ekologiuri problemebidan migraciamde

16 gzavnili

foto: biZina riJvaZe

im adgilis Soriaxlos, sadac 24 wlis win solgmanis mTa iyo, dRes mewyeris Sedegad daRupulTa memorialia. qvisgan gakeTebul memorialze 23 adamianis saxeli, gvari da fotoa gamosaxuli.

1989 wlis 19 aprils xulos raionis sofel wablanaSi Camowolilma mewyerma erTianad waleka saxlebi da iq mcxovrebni. gardacvlilebs 49 dRis ganmavlobaSi eZebdnen, Tumca sami maTganis cxedari mainc ver ipoves. xulos raionis mcxovrebTa TqmiT, es yvelaze mtkivneuli ambavia maTi warsulidan. yovelwliurad, 19 aprils adgilobrivebi memorialTan ikribebian da daRupulebs ixseneben. es iyo erT-erTi yvelaze Zlieri mewyeri, romelic aWaris maRalmTianeTs axsovs, magram ara erTaderTi. xulos municipalitetis ganaTlebis resurs centris ufrosi oTar SainiZe, 19 aprilis tragediis TviTmxilvelia. rogorc ambobs, SemTxveviT gadarCa:„mziani amindi iyo, 7:15 wuTze uceb Camowva mTliani gora da qveS moiyola sofeli, rva ojaxi. Zalian bevri tragedia aris datrialebuli xulos regionSi mewyeris gamo. axlac, Zalian cxeli wertili rasac qvia, aseTi aris sofeli Txilvana, yovel gazafxulze mosaxleoba elodeba, rom sofeli aRar iqneba“. swored ekologiuri safrTxea im ZiriTadi problemis mizezi, romelsac adgilobrivi mosaxleoba regionisTvis gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovnad asaxelebs. es problema _ ekomigraciaa. proeqt ,,ekomigraciis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis gaumjobesebis xelSewyoba“-s farglebSi, ,,borjRali“-s mier, Seqmnilia veb-gverdi www.ecomigration.ge proeqtis mizania saqarTveloSi ekomigrantTa socialur-samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba. rogorc veb-gverdze vkiTxulobT,miuxedavad imisa, rom termini ekomigranti gvxdeba calkeul normatiul aqtebSi, ar arsebobs iseTi samarTlebrivi norma, romelSic mocemuli iqneboda ekomigrantis definicia da ganisazRvreboda pirTa is wre, romelic moiazreba am kategoriaSi: „ekomigrantebTan dakavSirebiT qveyanaSi Seqmnilia iuridiuli vakuumi, ar arsebobs ekomigrantTa samarTlebrivi statusisa da socialuri garantiebis ganmsazRvreli sakanonmdeblo regulacia. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2010 wlis saparlamento angariSSi xazgasmiT aris aRniSnuli, rom ,,stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegad iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis adekvaturi dacvis realizaciisaTvis arsebuli samarTlebrivi regulacia Zalzed zogadi, mwiri da aradamakmayofilebelia’’. gaeros saerTaSoriso saxelmZRvanelo principebis mixedviT, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piris cnebis qveS moiazreba, rogorc devnili anu piri, romelic iZulebuli gaxda gamoqceoda SeiaraRebul konfliqts, sayovelTao Zaladobas, adamianis uflebebis masobriv darRvevas, aseve ekomigranti anu stiqiuri katastrofis gamo adgilnacvali piri. Tumca, saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, kerZod ki kanoni ,,iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa - devnilTa Sesaxeb“ axdens iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piris viwro interpretacias da masSi

foto: biZina riJvaZe moiazreba mxolod devnili. ,,ekomigrantebs _ saqarTvelos aTasobiT moqalaqes ki samarTlebrivi regulaciis miRma da yovelgvari socialuri garantiebis gareSe tovebs.’’ aWara saqarTvelos erT-erTi yvelaze mWidrod dasaxlebuli regionia, romlis teritoriis ZiriTad nawils mTebi, mTiswinebi da gorak-borcvebi Seadgens. saerTo farTobis 80%-ze meti 20 gradusiT da ufro meti daxrilobisaa. wlis TiTqmis yvela periodSi naleqi Tavsxma wvimebis saxiT modis. amas emateba zamTarSi mosuli Tovlis intensiuri dnoba gazafxulze. msgavsi klimatur-reliefuri pirobebi mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels eroziuli procesebis ganviTarebas, rac regionis mTavar ekologiur risks warmoadgens. agrowesebis Tanaxmad, 15 gradusze meti daqanebis ferdobebze erTwliani kulturis warmoeba dauSvebelia, magram mciremiwianobis gamo maRalmTian aWaraSi mosaxleoba iZulebulia 35-40 gradusiani daxrilobis ferdobebic ki gamoiyenos.

Sedegad, ferdobebze ganlagebuli saxnavi miwebis udidesi nawili saSualo da Zlier eroziuli niadagis kategorias ganekuTvneba. amas emateba pirutyvis dauregulirebeli Zova da bunebrivi saTibebis araswori eqspluatacia, Tibvis vadebis da wesebis darRvevis gamo. es zrdis saZovrebis datvirTvas da iwvevs bunebrivi saTib-saZovrebis degradacias. am ferdobebidan wamosuli Rvarcofi ki iwvevs saxnavi savargulebis ganadgurebas. yoveli aRniSnuli uaryofiTi faqtori, arcTu iSviaTad mizezia sacxovrebeli saxlebis sruli an nawilobrivi dazianebis, materialuri danakargis, rasac zogjer Tan axlavs msxverpli. wlebis ganmavlobaSi intensiurma sasoflosameurneo warmoebam da niadagdacviTi RonisZiebebis ugulebelyofam gamoiwvia niadagis nayofierebis Semcireba. ekologiur problemebs regionisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovnad ganixilavs xulos municipalitetis gamgebeli guram xozrevaniZe. misi TqmiT, mTidan mosaxleobis migraciis

erTaderTi mizezi swored es aris: „ekologiuri problemebi vityodi, rom yvelaze mwvaved dgas mTaSi. miwa gamoifita. mec glexis ojaxSi var gazrdili da daaxloebiT 15 tonamde kartofili rom modioda ojaxSi, axla tona-naxevari Zlivs modis. amitom miwis laboratoriuli gamokvlevaa saWiro. Tu miwa kartofilis mosavals aRar gvaZlevs, sxva romelime kulturiT unda SevcvaloT. bolos Rvarcofi 2012 wlis 5 maiss movida, 195 ojaxs miadga udidesi zarali, ramac 67415 lari Seadgina. Tumca, jer araferi gakeTebula am mxriv“. „eko-ombudsmenis“ 2012 wlis angariSSi vkiTxulobT: „eko-ombudsmens“ sasurvelia Tavisi warmomadgeneli hyavdes saxalxo damcvelis baTumis ofisSi, radgan aWara bunebrivi katastrofebis maRali sixSiriT gamoirCeva da stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegad dazaralebuli ojaxebis _ ekomigrantebis gansaxleba ZiriTadad swored aWaridan mimdinareobs. amdenad ekomigraciis problema regionisTvis gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria da ekomigranti ojaxebis uflebriv mdgomareobaze zedamxedveloba, upirveles yovlisa, swored aWaraSi unda ganxorcieldes“. maRalmTiani aWaridan saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi 9 aTas ojaxze meti, daaxloebiT 40 aTasi adamiani gadasaxlda. aWaris janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros 2010 wlis monacemebiT, aWaraSi registrirebulia stiqiiT dazaralebuli 4144 ojaxi, aqedan 41.0% (1701 ojaxi) modis xulos raionze. 2004-2010 ww-Si aWaridan 700-ze meti ojaxis gansaxleba moxda. aRsaniSnavia, rom ekomigracia uwyveti procesia. yovelwliurad saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi aWaridan asobiT ojaxis gansaxleba xdeba, romelsac Tan axlavs mravali socialur-ekonomikuri problema.

salome gorgoZe

gzavnili 17

jandacva da socialuri politika xuloSi ,,xuTlariani dazRveva mosaxleobisTvis Zalian cotas niSnavs. Aam dazRveviT kmayofili adamiani jer CvenTan ar mosula. kerZo dazRveviT ki CvenTan, umuSevrobis donis gamo, faqtobrivad veravin sargeblobs ”- xulos sakrebulos wevri, rusudan ZirkvaZe.

socialuri problemebi qveynis masStabiT erT-erT yvelaze aqtualur Temas warmo­adgens. Ees Tema xulos municipalitetSi ki, mi­si geografiuli mdebareobis gamo, kidev ufro met aqtualobas iZens. dResdReobiT xulos municipalitetis mas­StabiT saarsebo Semweobas socialurad da­­ucveli 1 600 ojaxi Rebulobs, rac mu­ni­cipa­litetis mTliani mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 20%-s Seadgens. 20 000-mde dazRveuli pi­ri ki umweoTa daxmarebis saxelmwifo prog­ra­miT da mTavrobis 165-e dadgenilebis mi­xed­viT miRebuli sadazRvevo programiT sargeblobs, romlis farglebSic dazRveuli arian 0–5 wlis CaTvliT asakis bavSvebi, 60 da 65 wlis zemoT asakis qalebi da mamakacebi (sa­pensio asakis mosaxleoba), pedagogebi, stu­den­tebi, 18 wlamde SezRuduli SesaZleblo­bis mqone, agreTve mkveTrad gamoxatuli Sez­Ruduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi. rogorc xulos municipalitetis soci­alu­ri momsaxurebis saagentos raionuli gan­yo­filebis ufrosi, oTar koCalaZe ambobs so­cialuri fonis gamomwvevi mTvari mizezi umu­Sevrobaa. Mmisive TqmiT, socialuri daxma­re­bebi mxolod am kriteriumiT ar isazRvreba da programa sxva kriteriumebsac iTvalis­wi­nebs. ,,zogadad socialuri saagentos aq muSa­obis periodSi daxmarebebis miniWeba da sareitin­go qulebis daTvla erTi kriteriumiT ar gansazRvrula. programaSi yvelaferia Cadebuli, dawyebuli suladobis raodenobiT, socialuri statusebiT, invalidobis pensiiT da a.S.”. saxelmwifo dazRveviT sargebloben is fexmZime qalebic, romelTa sareitingo

18 gzavnili

qu­lac 2000-ze naklebia. aseT SemTxvevaSi mTlianad finansdeba bunebrivi gziT mSobi­ aroba. xu­los municipalitetis sakrebulos wev­ris, rusudan ZirkvaZis gancxadebiT, amJamad muSa­oba mimdinareobs sakeisro kveTis dafinanseba­zec mimdinareobs: ,,bunebrivi gziT mSobiaroba 400 lari jdeba da es progra­ma mas mTlianad afinansebs. Aaxla vmuSaobT, rom am programiT sakeisro kveTac dafinansdes. jamSi es 750 lari jdeba.” municipalitetSi saxelmwifo dazRvevas konkurencias ramdenime kerZo sadazRve­vo kompaniac uwevs. imis miuxedavad, rom mo­sax­leobis dasaqmebuli nawili swored kerZo kom­paniebis mier SeTavazebuli sadazRvevo pa­ketebiT sargeblobs, xulos mosaxleobis ume­tesoba, saxelmwifosgan SeTavazebuli xuT­lariani sadazRvevo paketis miuxedavad, mainc dazRvevis gareSe rCeba. ,,xuTlariani dazRveva mosaxleobisTvis Zalian cotas niSnavs. am dazRveviT kmayofili adamia­ni jer CvenTan ar mosula.AsayovelTao daz­Rveva TiTqmis aranair xarjs ar anazRaurebs srulad,Aamitom mosaxleobac naklebad sar­geblobs. kerZo dazRveviT ki umuSevrobis do­nis gamo, faqtobrivad veravin sargeblobs. amis gamo Cven jandacvis saministroSi mimarTvebs vakeTebT da ZviradRirebul operaciebs mosaxleobas saministro ufinansebs”. rac Seexeba ambulatoriul momsaxurebas, municipalitetis cameti Temidan reabilitirebuli ambulatoria mxolod rva maTganSia. pacientis gadayvana municipalitetis centrSi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi xdeba, Tu is adgilze mkurnalobas ar eqvem-

debareba. Mmunicipalitetis masStabiT 2012 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier damtkicebuli soflis eqimis saxelmwifo programa moqmedebs. 2013 wlisTvis ki am programas aWaris avtonomiuri res­publikis janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros miznobrivi qveprograma dae­matamaRalmTian municipalitetebSi samedicino personalis materialuri waxalise­bis komponenti. programis mixedviT municipa­litetSi momuSave samedicino personals, romlis ZiriTadi xelfasi 150 lars ar aRema­teba, maRalmTian regionebSi damagrebisa da so­ cialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis gaumjobesebis mizniT ZiriTad xelfasis Semavsebeli danamati daeniSna. amJamad, municipalitetSi programiT 9 eqim-specialisti da 5 medda sargeblobs. xulos municipaliletidan gansakuT­ rebiT uWirs xixaZiris Temis soflebs, ZiriTadad mravalSvilianobisa da mousavlianobis ga­mo. Tumca, problemebs am TemSi misi geogra­fiuli mdebareobac qmnis, zamTarSi didTovlobis dros transportiT gadaadgileba Wirs.

A,,uaxloes momavalSi xixaZiris centrSi vgeg­mavT stacionaris aSenebas, vinaidan centridan sakmaod moSorebuli xeobaa da aq mis­vla zamTarSi praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. gar­da amisa, Sobadobis donec xulos municipa­litetSi aq yvelaze maRalia.Aam proeqtze jandacvisa da socialuri dacvis saministros uk­ve vesaubreT da adgilzec gavacaniT mdgomareoba.” - ambobs rusudan ZirkvaZe. rogorc xulos municipalitetis sak­ re­bu­­los wevrma CvenTan saubrisas aRniSna, mu­ni­cipalitetis centrSi uaxloes momavalSi so­­cialurad daucveli usaxlkaro ojaxebisTvisac aSendeba 70 biniani erTi an 35 biniani ori saxli. amisaTvis adgili ukve gamoyofilia. binebiT dakmayofildeba xelvaCaurSi xulodan Casaxlebuli 21 usaxlkaro ojaxic.

gzavnili ,,uaxloes momavalSi xixa­ Ziris centrSi vgeg­mavT staciona­ ris aSenebas, vinaidan centridan sakmaod moSorebuli xeobaa da aq mis­vla zamTarSi praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. gar­da amisa, Sobado­ bis donec xulos municipa­litetSi aq yvelaze maRalia. ,,am proeqtze jandacvisa da socialuri dacvis saministros uk­ve vesaubreT da adgilzec gavacaniT mdgomareoba.''

- ambobs rusudan ZirkvaZe.

mariam leJava

gzavnili 19

soflis meurneoba problemebi da perspeqtivebi miuxedavad imisa, rom xuloSi mcire miwianobaa, mosaxleobis ZiriTadi nawilis Se­mosavali mainc maszea damokidebuli. daba xulos miwebis raodenobis 2 500 heqta­ ri saxnavia, saTibi - 4 100 heqtari, xolo 10 000 heqtari saZovari miwebia. mosax­ leobaze saxnavi da saTibi miwebia gadanawilebuli. erT mosaxles maqsimum 5 000 kvad­ratul metri aqvs, Tumca sxvadasxva adgilas. xuloSi soflis meurneobis dargebidan yve­laze metad ganviTarebuli mebostneoba da me­saqonleobaa. cnobilia, rom aq didi raodeno­ biT mohyavT kartofili. aseve kitri da pomido­ ri, magram rogorc adgilobrivebi ambo­ben, maTi raodenoba ar aris sakmarisi, imisaT­vis, rom kitri da pomidori bazarze gasayidad ga­ ita­non. rac Seexeba kartofils, misi raodenoba bev­rad metia. rogorc aRmoCnda, kartofili aris xuloSi erTaderTi produqti, romelic ba­zarze gasayidad gadis. Tumca, adgilobrivi gle­xebis TqmiT, kartofilic ki aRar aris iseTi rentabeluri, rogoric iyo 5-6 wlis win. xulos adgilobrivi mkvidri SoTa TavarTqilaZis TqmiT, bazarze kartofilis gatana Zalian Zviri jdeba da arcTu ise momgebiania. amitom wels

realiza­cia gauadvildes, baTumSi ukve igegmeba sawyobebis gakeTeba, sadac mosaxleobas SesaZ­lebloba eqneba, Tavisi warmoebuli pro­ duq­ti gaitanos da sawyobSi Caabaros. es ki, Tavis mxriv, xels Seuwyobs mosaxleobas, rom didi ra­odenobiT kartofili daTesos da Sesabamisad, misi realizebac moaxdinos. gamgeblis moadgilis TqmiT, xuloSi adgi­lob­rivi kartofilis gasaRebas bazarze xels uS­lida ramdenime Tvis win TurqeTidan Semotani­li SedarebiT dabalfasiani da uxa­ris­ xo kartofili, romelis kontroli ar xdeboda. la­boratoriaSi Semowmebis Semdeg ki aRmoaCi­ nes, rom TurqeTidan Semotanili kartofili mav­ne nivTierebebs Seicavda, rac organizmisTvis saxifaTo iyo. adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi gviyvebian

mo­­saxleobis didma umravlesobam kartofilis war­moebaze uari Tqva, radgan aRar uRirdaT. rogorc xulos raionis gamgeblis moadgilem, goderZi bolqvaZem CvenTan saubarSi aR­niS­na, imisTvis, rom glexs kartofilis

ima­sac, rom adre xuloSi kartofilTan erTad, Tam­baqos warmoebac yofila ganviTarebuli, Tum­ca dRes Tambaqos mxolod mcire raodeno­ biT, piradi moxmarebisTvis Tu awarmoeben. mi­uxe­davad imisa, rom soflis meurneobis

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saminis­tros mxridan SeTavazeba iyo, rom Tambaqos moy­vana gaegrZelebinaT, es idea manc ver gan­xorcie­lda, radgan adgilobriv mosaxleobas Se­Tavazebuli fasebi ar moswonebiaT da uari uTqvamT. gamgeblis moadgile gviyveba, rom wels aWaris soflis meorneobis saministrom mniSvnelovani prog­ramebi ganaxorciela. kerZod, raionSi kivis, Txi­lisa da mocvis nergebi Camoitana, rac, misi TqmiT, imis sawindaria, rom raioni mxolod erTi pro­duqciis warmoebaze ar iyos damokidebuli da sxva­dasxva alternativa gaCndes. goderZi bolqvaZe aseve gvesaubreba saTbu­ re­bis programis SesaZlo ganxorcielebazec: ,,imis­Tvis, rom saTburebma gaamarTlos, raionSi uk­ve niadagis Seswavla iwyeba. CvenTan saxnav niadageb­Si 20 welia azotis garda araferi ar Se­ su­la. amitom niadagis gamokvleva aucilebelia, un­da davadginoT, ra nivTierebebi gamoviyenoT, raTa miwa ufro nayofieri gaxdes.“ - aRniSna gamgeblis moadgilem. rogorc aRmoCnda, xulos raionSi soflis me­urneobis dargebis ganviTarebis Seferxebas xels uwyobs eroziuli da mcocavi miwebis arsebo­ ba, zogn miwas 25 santimetris daxriloba aqvs, es ki arTulebs miwebis damuSavebas traqtorebis da mo­toblokebis saSualebiT. amitom mosaxleoba iZu­lebulia, aseT SemTxvevaSi, an saerTod daumuSavebuli datovos miwa, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi, guTnebiT iwvalos.

CexeTis arasamTavrobo organizacia ,,ka­ri­ ta­­sa“ da saqarTvelos biznessakurso sainfor­ ma­cio samsaxuris daxmarebiT, xulos raionis or so­felSi: dioknissa da didaWaraSi, bolo dros

saintereso programa ganxorcielda, kerZod, iq Se­iyvanes or-ori traqtori Tavisi agregatebiT - sax­naviT, saTesiT, kultivatorebiT da 25 tona kar­tofiliT, romelic sxvadasxva jiSisa iyo. Semdeg konkursi Catarda, amxanagobebi Seiqmna da am am­xanagobebis direqtorebs Soris gamovlindnen ga­marjvebulebi. maT SearCies iseTi adgilebi sadac 21 cxenisZaliani mcire meqanizacia ­. aRmoCnda, rom am programam or sofels problema mouxsna. rac Seexeba mecxoveleobis ganviTarebas ra­i­onSi, gamgeblis moadgilis, goderZi bolqvaZis TqmiT, am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani Ro­­nisZiebe­bi tardeba: ,,igegmeba pirutyvis ji­­Sobrivad gaumjobeseba. xulos centrSi gaTva­ lis­winebulia sa­saklao meurneobis mowyoba da xorcis, xorcpro­duqtebis, rZisa da rZis pro­duq­ tebis gadamamuSavebeli mcire sawarmoebis amoq­ me­deba. SemuSavebuli gvaqvs aseve programa, ro­ melic xels Seuwyobs soflis infrastruqturis aRdgenasa da fermeruli meurneobis ganviTare­ bas“. - gveubneba gam­geblis moadgile.

Cans, sasaklaoebis ararseboba raionSi, mar­ Tlac did problemebs uqmnis adgilobriv mcxov­ reb­lebs. xulos raionis mkvidris, givi cecxlaZis TqmiT, Tu ar gaqvs sabuTi sasaklaodan, bazarze xorcis Setana gamoricxulia, rac adgilobr­ i­ve­bisaTvis mdgomareobas arTulebs: ,,xuloSi mom­Tabareobasac veweviT, aq gvyavs kameCebic da cxvrebic, Tumca isini Sedarebic mcire raodeno­ bisaa. Cveni raionis mcire miwianobis gamo, pirut­ yvi yovel zafxuls goderZis uReltexilze ga­ dagvyavs da sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi iq gvyavs.“

xatia lelaZe

gzavnili 21

erTi saxli TagoSi sofeli Tago maRalmTian aWaraSi, xulos municipalitetSi mdeba­ reobs. 1985 wlidan Tago garesamya­ ros sabagiro gziT ukavSirdeba. sof­lamde misasvleli eqvs kilometriani saavtomobilo gza dazianebulia, zamTarSi ki, am gziT sargebloba _ SeuZlebeli. sabagiro gziT, romlis Rirebuleba 20 TeTria, TagoSi 8 wuTSi xar. sofelSi xis Zveli saxlebi dgas. maTgan mxolod ramdenimes aqvs arabunebrivi feri. Tagos erT Cveulebriv saxlSi SemTxveviT movxvdi. rusudan cecxlaZe oTx mcirewlovan SvilTan erTad sofel TagoSi, mSoblebis erT Cveulebriv xis saxlSi cxovrobs. saxlis or patara oTaxs viwro derefani hyofs. ojaxSi 8 suli cxovrobs. maTi ZiriTadi Semosavali socialuri daxmarebaa. oTaxSi gakrul yvavilebian, naxevrad Camoxeul Spa­lers, dasavleT naxevarsferos ru­ka amSvenebs. Tanamedroveobis gan­ c­das aq mxolod kuTxeSi mdgari te­ le­­vizori qmnis. bavSvebidan yvelaze um­cross, oTaxSi Camokidebul hamak-

22 gzavnili

Si sZinavs. danarCenebi fanjarasTan mdgar SeSis RumelTan sxedan da farTo Rimiliani TvalebiT miyureben. rusudanis ori Svili epilefsi­ iTa da asTmiT arian daavadebulebi. maT­­gan daxmarebas mxolod erTi iRebs. rogorc bavSvebis deda ambobs, dax­­mareba erTi wlis win gauuqmes, mas Semdeg, rac Svili stacionarul mkur­­nalobaze usaxsrobis gamo ver aiy­vana. ,,erTia welia veRar vRebulobT daxmarebas, ar mqonda fuli, rom bavSvi yovel meore Tves eqimTan Cagveyvana. danarCen bavSvebsac ver vtoveb, dedaCemic avadmyofi qalia.

Tu ar daawvine, stacionaluri mkur­ na­lobis gareSe ar ugrZeleben pensias. erTi welia pensia gauqmebuli aqvs”. socialurad daucvelis statu­ siT rusudan cecxlaZe 2005 wlidan sargeblobs. Mmisi TqmiT, rom ara statusiT miRebuli sadazRvevo polisi, asTmiT daavadebul Svils Setevebis dros saavadmyofoSi ver daawvenda.

meuRlis saxlidan wamosulia. mTa­vari mizezi is sacxovrebeli piro­bebi gaxda, romlebic bavSvebis janm­rTelobis mdgomareobas kidev uf­ro amZimebda. rusudanis TqmiT, mSob­lebis saxlSi bavSvebi SedarebiT ukeT grZnoben Tavs. miuxedavad imisa, rom Svilebs marto zrdis, verc mar­toxela dedis statusi moipova. am­bobs, rom oficialurad ganqorwi­ nebisTvis arc saWiro Tanxa aqvs da verc meuRle daiTanxma. Tumca, mTava­ ri problema axla misTvis bavSvebia. calke sacxovrebeli farTiT dak­mayofilebis mizniT, rusudan cec­xlaZem xulos municipalitetis yo­fil gamgebels, Temur bolqvaZes gan­cxadebiT orjer mimarTa. Tumca, orivejer uaryofiTi pasuxi miiRo. rogorc rusudani ambobs soci­ alu­ri daxmareba, 125 lari, romelsac mi­si ojaxi iRebs, mxolod Svilebis wam­lebisTvis hyofnis. sakvebs miwis damuSavebiT Rebulobs. ZiriTadad lobio, kartofili da simindi mohyavT.

saubarSi bavSvebis sanaxavad mo­ su­­li soflis eqTanic erTveba. ,,saqoneli rom ar gyavdes, ise cxov­reba Znelia. arada Semowmebaze mosul socialur muSakTan rom axseno, saqoneli myavso, daxmarebas ar gaZleven.Aaba ra vWamoT, Zroxa da qaTami Tu ar gavaSene, Semosavali arsaidan ar maqvs, riT gavzardoT Svilebi“.

TagoSi mcxovrebi ojaxebis ume­ tesoba dResdReobiT socialurad da­ uc­velia. cecxlaZeebis beds SesaZloa is ojaxebic iziarebdnen, romlebTan Se­xvedrac, samwuxarod ver movaswari. wamosvlisas ezomde bavSvebi ma­ ci­leben. ukan bebia momyveba, mlocavs da meubneba, rom Cemi imedi aqvs, iqneb ro­­gorme SevZlo maTi daxmareba.

mariam leJava

gzavnili 23

foto: salome gorgoZe

qalebi maRalmTiani aWaridan ra rols TamaSoben qalebi maRalmTiani aWaris soflebSi? rogoria maTi yoveldRiuroba, ra problemebi aqvT da ramdenad axerxeben sakuTari azris gamoxatvas an SesaZleblobebis realizebas? am kiTxvaze adgilobrivi moxuci, 11 Svilis mama, vladimer cecxlaZe ase pasuxobs: „ra adgili ukavia da purs mo­zi­ lavs, saWmels gamikeTebs, gamisufTav-ga­ mom­­sufTavs, saRamoze Cemexuteba~ kiTxvaze, exmareba Tu ara is meuRles, ba­toni vladimeri gaikvirvebs: ,,aba ar de­ vex­­marebi? is rom mexmareba amfer saqmeebSi, rafer ar devexmarebi?“ sofelSi mcxovrebi qalebi TavianT Zi­riTad movaleobad da saqmed swored ojaxze zrunvas miiCneven. nino cecxlaZe pensioneria. 45 weli sof­lis punqtSi bebiaqalad muSaobda. axal­gazrdobaSi soflis qalTa komitetis Tav­mjdomare iyo. ambobs, rom maRalmTiani sof­lis ojaxebSi qalis roli gansakuTrebulia. igi ojaxis burjia. yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo da Sromatevadi saqme swored mas akisria: nino cecxlaZe: „qals didi mniSvn-

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eloba aqvs ojaxSi. pirveladi samsaxuri qalisTvis aris ojaxi. mamakaci stumaria. yvelanair samuSaos qali asrulebs. Zalian datvirTulia qali CvenTan. gadawyvetilebis miRebis mxriv mamakacs aqvs didi ufleba. axla Tqven ityviT es Zveli tradicia ariso, magram mamakacs aqvs upiratesoba am mxriv, kaci rasac gadawyvets qali imis morCilia“. sofelSi mcxovrebi qalebisTvis dRe dilis 6 saaTze iwyeba. dRis manZilze uamravi saqme aqvT. irma maxaraZe xuTi Svilis dedaa. profesiiT pedagogi, soflis skolaSi istoriis maswavleblad muSaobs. ambobs, rom saojaxo saqmisa da samuSaos SeTavseba did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs, magram yvelafers aswrebs. misi TqmiT, sofelSi mcxovrebi qalebis mTavari problema is fizikuri Sromaa, romelsac mTeli dRis manZilze ewevian: saxlis mowesrigeba, Svilebsa da

meuRleze zrunva, miwis nakveTis damuSaveba, Sinauri pirutyvisa Tu frinvelis movla. irma maxaraZe: ,,qals ufro didi daZabuloba aqvs. rogorc adre hqondaT SezRuduli uflebebi, ise aRar aqvT. Cveulebrivad CacmulobiTac, wasvla-mosvla, qeifia Tu raRaca, SezRuduloba aRar aris. sazogadoebaSi gamosvlis, sityvis Tqmis aranairi SezRuduloba ar aqvs“. rogorc adgilobrivi qalebi amboben, iyo dro, roca qalebs srulfasovani ganaTlebis miRebis saSualebas ojaxi ar aZlevda, magram axla es problema aRar aris. ar aqvs mniSvneloba gogonaa Tu vaJi, ojaxi Tanabrad uwyobs xels ganaTlebis miRebaSi. Tumca, rogorc abiturienti, irina bolqvaZe ambobs, soflad jer kidev aris iseTi ojaxebi, romlebic gogonebs swavlis gagrZelebis uflebas ar aZleven, radgan miaCniaT, rom qalis mTavari saqme ojaxze zrunvaa. irinas amis magaliTad Tavisi megobris istoria moaqvs, romelsac swavlis gagrZelebis survilis miuxedavad ojaxma amis saSualeba ar misca: „Cemi tolia. saxlSi zis axlac da dedas miwis damuSavebaSi, saxlis saqmis keTebaSi exmareba. ojaxs undoda saxlSi emuSava. gogonebi gaTxovdebian da araa savaldebulo rom iswavlos. qali aris imisTvis, rom iyos saxlSi. rogorc amboben - qali Cven viciT „kuxnaSi“. _ gveubneba igi. sakrebulos wevri rusudan ZirkvaZe, xulos municipalitetSi sapasuxismgeblo Tanamdebobebze qalebis mcire raodenobis Sesaxeb saubrobs. misi TqmiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom raionSi bevri Wkviani da ganaTlebuli qalia, yvela sapasuxismgeblo vakansiaze mxolod mamakacebi ganixileba: „qali CvenTan saswavlebels daamTavrebs da didi didi skolis maswavleblad daiwyos muSaoba, an CvenTan gamgeobaSi mTavar specialistad. Tu Cveni mentaloba ar Seicvala, rom ojaxSi rogorc qali, ise mamakacia pasuxismgebeli garecxvazec, dalagebazec da bavSvebis aRzrdazec, manamde qalebis problema iqneba genderuli Tanasworoba.“ _ aRniSna qalbatonma rusudanma. municipalitetSi ar arsebobs raime centri an arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic qalTa uflebebis dacvisTvis imuSavebda an maT am uflebebis Sesaxeb informacias miawodebda.

Sesabamisad, adgilobrivi qalebi am mxriv, informaciis naklebobas ganicdian. isini interess gamoTqvamen msgavsi organizaciebis mimarT da rogorc amboben, arsebobis SemTxvevaSi aucileblad gawevriandebian.

salome gorgoZe

gzavnili 25

xulo - turistuli zona xulo- mTiani aWaris es ulamazesi kuTxe gamorCeulia, ro­ gorc bunebis simdidriT, ise kulturuli RirsSesaniSnaobe­ bi­Ta da istoriuli warsuliT. sxalTis monasteri, xixanis ci­xe, vardcixe, kaloTis eklesia – es im istoruli Zeglebisa da eklesiebis mcire CamonaTvalia, romlebic did dainte­ resebas iwvevs turistebSi.

gzavnili xuloSi turizms ganviTarebas didi perspeqtiva aqvs. maRalmTian alpur bunebaSi zRvis donidan 2000 metr simaRleze ganlagebul kurort beSumSi arsebuli kotejebi da dasas­ venebeli saxlebi zafxulis periodSi saSualebas iZleva 30 aTas damsveneb­ els da turists moemsaxuros.

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maqsi poloneli turistia, msoflios gar­Semo mogzaurobs. saqarTveloSi pirveladaa da ga­dawyvita qveynis daTvaliereba maRalmTiani aWa­riT daiwyos.Aambobs, rom aqauroba gansakuTrebu­lia - „xuloSi ramdenime dRea rac Camovedi da Za­lian momewona aqauroba. davaTvaliere sofle­bi. aRfrTovanebuli davrCi bunebiTa da aq mcxovrebi adamianebis stumarTmoyvareobiT. Zali­an momewo­na aqauri samzareulo. davaTvaliere muzeumebi, sa­dac vnaxe Zalian saintereso da mniSvnelovani niv­ Tebi, romlebic garkveul Sexedulebas gviqmnis xulos kulturis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, drois uqon­lobis gamo male miwevs wasvla da meored auci­leblad, ufro didi xniT Camoval Cems megobrebTan erTad.” - ambobs igi. turistuli sezoni xuloSi xalxmrav-

lobiT ga­moirCeva. 2012 wlis monacemebiT, xuloSi da­axlo­ebiT 1000 turisti Camovida. kulturis ga­naT­­lebis, sportis, turizmisa da ZeglTa dacvis sam­saxuris ufrosis kaxa dekanaZis TqmiT: ,,xu­lo­­Si ZiriTadad Camodian rusebi, polonelebi, uk­rainelebi, wels latviidanac da CineTidanac iyvnen. aseve ucxoelebis garda, saqarTvelos sxva­­dasxva kuTxidanac Camodian. gansakuTrebuli xa­l­ xmravloba aq zafxulSia“.

2008 wlidan xuloSi arsebobs turistuli cen­tri, romelic rogorc ucxoel, aseve qarTvel dam­svenebels sTavazobs momsaxureobas. Camosul stum­arebs saSualeba eZlevaT turistuli centris meSveobiT miiRon amomwuravi informacia, da­gegmon turebi, moinaxulon istoriuli ad­gi­le­­ bi. turistulma centrma Seqmna specialuri buk­letebi, romlis saSualebiTac turistebi SeZ­leben gaecnon iqaur sastumroebs, kvebis obi­eqtebs, gaigon sxvadasxva dResaswaulebisa da Rir­sSesaniSnavi adgilebis Sesaxeb. xuloSi turizms ganviTarebas didi perspeqtiva aqvs. maRalmTian alpur bunebaSi zRvis donidan 2000 metr simaRleze ganlagebul kurort be­SumSi arsebuli kotejebi da dasasvenebeli sax­lebi zafxulis periodSi saSualebas iZleva 30 aTas damsvenebels da turists moemsaxuros. rogorc turistTa momsaxurebis centrSi amboben: „xuloSi aris saojaxo sastumroebi, sadac tu­rists SeuZlia Rame gaaTenos, da­agemovnos na­ ciona­luri kerZebi, daeswros RonisZiebebs, dResaswaulebsa da a.S. sastumros noembri­ dan aprilis CaTvliT SeuZlia moemsaxuros spor­t­smenebsa da damsveneblebs, xolo zafxulSi Se­saZ­lebelia gamajansaRebeli sportuli ba­na­ke­bis mowyoba”. imisTvis, rom turistebis raodenoba ga­izar­dos da adgilobriv mosaxleobas meti Se­mo­savali gauCndes, rogorc adgilobrivi mTavro­ba miiCnevs, aucilebelia infrastruqtu­ris gamarTva. turistebis momravlebas aseve xels Seuwyobs goderZis uReltexilze saTxila­muro kurortis gaxsna, romlis mSeneblobac dro­ebiT SeCerebulia. es kurorti mniSvnelovania, rogorc saqarTvelos turizmis ganviTare­bi­saTvis da aWaris maRalmTiani regionebis po­ pularizaciisaTvis, aseve iq mcxovrebi mosaxleobiss finansuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis.

lika CaCua

gzavnili 27

Rrublebze maRla anu gaseirneba TagoSi xuloSi Casvlidan meore dRes gadavwyviteT so­fel TagoSi wavsuliyaviT. rogorc adgilobrivebma miambes, legendis Ta­naxmad ,,Zvelad, Zalian adre col-qmari movida am ad­gilas. maSin aq aravin cxovrobda. wyali moswyurdaT da dalies. ,,ra civi wyaliao”-Tqva colma, qmarma ki upasuxa ,,(m)Ta aris goo”. mere miiar-moiares yvelaferi, adgili ise moewonaT, rom dasaxldnen. sofels ki Tago daarqves”. xulodan Tagomde misasvlelad ori gza arse­ bobs. erTi _ samanqano, romelsac daaxloebiT ori saaTi sWrideba da meore _ sabagiro. Cven, ra Tqma unda, sabagiro varCieT. marTalia, vicodiT, rom xulo-Tagos sabagiro gza evropaSi sididiT me­orea, magram adgilze misulebs Tagos sabagiro ,,koSkura” im simaRleze dagvixvda, rom bevrma lamis gadaifiqra wamosvla. sabagiro vagoni TagoSia (Cvenma maspinZelma, raindi bolqvaZem (romelic am SemTxvevaSi Cveni gidic iyo) gviTxra, rom erTi bolodan meoreSi gasvlas 8 wuTi undoda) da morCilad velodebiT mas... vagonis mosvlamde video-kameras vimarjveb da jgufelebis emociebs vafiqsireb. zogi eWvis TvaliT uyurebs sabagiros Tokebs da raindisTan ukve mesamed an meoTxed amowmebs, rom Tokebs araferi mouva. zogi fotoebs iRebs, zogi, sicxisgan Sewuxebuli, Crdils eZebs. uknidan erT-erTi jgufelis xma mesmis: ,,cota ki meSinia am sabagirosi, magram ise minda TagoSi misvla da xalxTan

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laparaki, rogorme 8 wuTs gavuZleb”. amasobaSi sabagiros Zveli vagoni mogviaxlovda (romelmac zooparkSi mdgari atraqcioni _ Zveli da Wriala gemi momagona). rogorc eqstremis moyvaruli, aRfrTovanebuli vambob: ,,ra magaria!” da SeSinebuli jgufelebis saxeebis dafiqsirebas vagrZeleb. vagonis daZvrisTanave daZabuloba qreba da Cvens irgvliv saocari xedi iSleba: TiTqos simwvaneSi CaZirulebi, nel-nela mivcuravT Tagosken. yvelam fotoaparati moimarjva. qvemoT vixedebi da saxlebis win mofusfuse adamianebs vxedav. marTlac, im simaRleze varT, rom WianWvelebiviT Canan. rva wuTic gavida da fexqveS isev myarad vgrZnobT miwas. sabagiros vSordebiT da trial min­dorSi gavdivarT _ Tvalwin ulamazesi xedebi meS­leba: irgvliv sul simwvanea, mTebze soflebia Se­fenili, saxlebis win mowesrigebuli, movlili nakveTebi mosCans da iseTi SegrZneba maqvs, rom Rrublebze maRla varT. fotoebis gadaRebiT guli vijereT da gavifanteT. yvela Tavis saqmis gasakeTeblad wavida. me da Cemi jgufeli, giorgi, orRobes mivuyvebiT. irgvliv saocari siCumea. verc ki mixvdebi, aq Tu vinme cxovrobs. yvelafers vaTvalierebT... gio fotoebs iRebs. TagoSi 50-mde saxlia. umetesoba _ orsarTuliani. pirveli sarTuli yvela saxls aguris an cementis aqvs (didTovlobas rom gauZlos), meore ki _ xis. saxlis win, an gverdze, pa-

tara, magram movlili nakveTebi aqvT. aqvea saqonlis sadgomic, romelic aseve xis aris. pirvelive saxlis aivanze gadmomdgari qalbatoni sarecxs fens. gio fotos uRebs, qalbatonic gviRimis da saxlSi gvepatiJeba: ,,SemodiT stumrebo, ,,kofes” dagalevinebT”. Cvenc vpasuxobT, rom jer saqmeebi gvaqvs da ukana gzaze aucileblad SevuvliT. gzas vagrZelebT da samaias mocekvaveebiviT mdgar sam xbos vxedavT. gio Tavisi Zveli ,,olimpusiT’’ afiqsirebs trios. SeSinebuli xboebi ki uaxloes mosaxvevSi garbian. Cvenc maT gzas davadeqiT, magram meore mosaxvevSi 7-8 wlis qera biWs vxedavT, xelSi saTamaSo TofiT da axla misken mivdivarT. fotos gadaRebas vTxovT. bavSvic Zalian seriozuli saxiT imarjvebs ,,iaraRs” da obieqtivs aSterdeba. giom ramdenime kadri gadauRo da patara biWic ,,valmoxdili” garbis. savaraudod, xboebze `sanadirod~. iqve mdgari saxlidan maspinZeli gamodis da Sin gvepatiJeba. amjerad uarze aRar varT da saxlSi SevdivarT. SesasvlelSi bevri araferi devs. karTan bavSvebis fexsacmelebi awyvia, iqve dgas karada da ori skami... kedelze 1990 wlis kalendaria gakruli. maspinZeli, irma maxaraZe Cvens gakvirvebul saxeebze iRimis da gveubneba: ,,Tqven albaT am dros dabadebulebic ar iyaviT” da oTaxSi gviZRveba, sadac Cveni jgufelebi respondentebs esaubrebian. oTaxis erTi kedeli mTlianad sigelebs da diplomebs aqvs dafaruli. kedlis kuTxeSi Rumelia. RumelTan mdgar taxtze patara, cecxlisferTmian da Worflian gogonas vujdebi gverdiT, romelic katas eTamaSeba. gogonas Tamriko hqvia. Tamriko miyveba, rom Tagos skolaSi swavlobs da mesame klasSia. ojaxSi 5 ded-mamiSvili arian. 3 ufrosi da da erTi patara Zma hyavs. sanam me da Tamriko katas veTamaSebiT, Cemma jgufelebma saqme moiTaves da is iyo wasvlas vapirebdiT, Tamrikos erT-erT das ,,kofe” gamoaqvs da Cvenc, miuxedavad imisa, rom im dRes ukve minimum 3 Wiqa ,,kofe” gvaqvs daleuli, magidas mainc vusxdebiT. qalbatoni irma xumrobiT gveubneba:

,,bolomde dalieT ,,kofe” Torem adre aseTi wesi gvqonda Cven: Tu stumari ,,kofes” bolomde ar svamda erT maneTs vatovebinebdiT ojaSi”. xuloSi es erTgvari pativiscemaa. ojaxidan ise ar gamogiSveben, Tu pativi ar gces, yava ar SemogTavazes da Tu Sen uari Tqvi maT pativiscemaze, maspinZeli nawyeni rCeba. Cven, ra Tqma unda, ar gvinda Cveni gulTbili maspinZlebi gavanawyenoT, amitom yvelani bolomde vsvamT ,,kofes” da Sesabamisad, arc “maneTis” datoveba gviwevs romelimes. ukana gzaze Sepirebul ojaxSic SeviareT, sadac didxans ar gavCerebulvarT da maleve davadeqiT sabagiros gzas. vagonis molodinSi giom aRmoaCina, rom Tavisi ,,olimpusi’’ mxolod sufTa haerze ,,gamoaseirna” da firis gafuWebis gamo arcerTi kadri ar gadarCenila. Tavs imiT vimSvidebT, rom sxvebi iyvnen cifruli aparatebiT ,,SeiaraRebulni”. vagonSi erTmaneTs STabeWdilebebs vuziarebT. ,,rogori simSvidea aq, yvelani rogori wynarebi da gawonasworebulebi arian,” _ ambobs Cemi erT-erTi jgufeli. ,,xo, Sinauri cxovelebic ki,” _ epasuxeba meore, _ ,,radio-siuJetisTvis qaTmebis kakani mindoda Camewera da arafriT xma ar amoiRes”. yvelas gvecineba... me gios vubrundebi da veubnebi: ,,xom aseTi lamazi da mSvidia aqauroba, magram mainc ver vicxovrebdi aq. zustad es simSvide gamagiJebda albaT. mikvirs am xalxis da CemTvis gmirebi arian”. giorgic mpasuxobs: ,,ar arian gmirebi, Cveulebrivi xalxia. aq daibadnen da gaizardnen. xom gagigia, yvelaferi SeCvevazea. Sen rom aq dabadebuliyavi, albaT qalaqSi cxovreba gagiWirdeboda mere”. sabagiro isev xuloSi gvabrunebs. daRlilebs, dasicxulebs, yaviT ,,danayrebulebs” da aRfrTovanebulebs.

fiqria fiCxaZe

gzavnili 29

ganaTleba

ukeTesi ganaTlebisTvis ,,xulos raioni mciremiwiania. amasTan, zamTari 5-6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba, amitom odiTganve aq mcxovrebTa erTaderTi gamosavali ganaTlebis miReba iyo, raTa dasaqmebuliyvnen da saarsebo minimumi hqonodaT. swored amis gamo, mravalSvilian ojaxebSi TiTqmis yvela bavSvi swavlobda da iRebda ganaTlebas” _ agvixsna oTar SainiZem, xulos ganaTlebis resurscentris xelmZRvanelma.

Axulos mosaxleoba rom ganaTlebis mxriv yovelTvis erT-erT mowinave adgilze iyo, amis ga­samyareblad erTi magaliTis moyvanac sakmarisia – tbel abuserisZe. xulos municipalitetSi 50 skolaa. aqedan 38 saSualo da 12 sabazo, sadac 4000-ze meti bav­ Svi swavlobs. zogierT sofelSi, moswavleTa sim­ciris gamo, mxolod erTi an orsafexuriani swavlebaa, romlis dasrulebis Semdeg bavSvebi axlomdebare soflis skolaSi agrZeleben swav-

dapirebiT, yvela moswavles saxelmZRvaneloebi ufasod daurigdeba. garda wignebisa, TiTqmis yvela skola ga­ nic­dis maswavleblebis naklebobas. gansakuT­ rebiT, ucxo enisa da sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi. sa­xelm­wifo programis farglebSi sxva raionebidan modian samuSaod maswavleblebi. maT sakmaod maRali motivacia aqvT, radgan skolis anazRaurebasTan erTad, saxelmwifosgan kidev damatebiT 400 lars iReben. xulos

las da manZilic, Sesabamisad, saxlidan saswavleblamde ramdenime kilometriT izrdeba. bavSvebs fexiT uwevT gadaadgileba, transporti ar emsaxurebaT. swored amis gamo, zogierTi maTgani sabazo ganaTlebiT kmayofildeba da gamodis skolidan. rogorc xulos sakarebulos ganaTlebis, kulturis, mecnierebis, sportisa da turizmis sakiTxTa komisiis Tavmjdomare rusudan ZirkvaZe CvenTan saubrisas acxadebs, avtobusebis momsaxurebaze TviTon Tqves uari, roca prezidentis iniciativiT _ ,,saskolo avtobusebis programa”- SeeZloT esargeblaT.QaseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis mizezi xulos raionis rTuli klimaturi pirobebi gaxda.Aaq didi Tovli modis da transportis gadaadgileba noembridan aprilamde ferxdeba _ ,,bavSvebs gaucruvdebodaT imedebi avtobusebis molodinSi da saskolo procesi ufro Seferxdeboda. Sesabamisad, tyuilad unda gagvewia zedmeti xarji, realur sargebels ver miviRebdiT” _ gviTxra man. xulos municipalitetSi 43 skola reabilitirebulia. ramdenime sofelSi axali skolac aSenda. saremonto samuSaoebis farglebSi saskolo inventaric Seicvala. rac Seexeba kompiuterebs, TiToeul skolaSi 20 bavSvze 1 kompiuteri modis da internetic xelmisawvdomia. xulos resurscentris wamyvani specialistis, madona jorbenaZis TqmiT, yovelwliurad iyo problemebi saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebTan dakavSirebiT. bevr bavSvs ar hqonda wignis SeZenis saSualeba maRali fasis gamo, magram axla imedi aqvT, rom momavali saswavlo wlidan es problema mogvarebuli iqneba, radgan saxelmwifos

raionSi ucxoeTidan Camosuli ucxo enis pedagogebic aswavlian, magram 19 skolaSi jer kidev ar aris inglisuris maswavlebeli. rogorc qalbatoni rusudan ZirkvaZe ambobs, inglisuri enis pedagogebis deficiti gamoiwvia iman, rom adre xuloSi ucxo enad germanuli iswavleboda. amis gamo, roca am enis swavleba skolebSi savaldebulo gaxda, inglisuri enis arcerTi pedagogi ar hyavdaT. axla ki situacia gamosworebulia da etapobrivad es problema bolomde mogvardeba.Aamis imeds isic aZlevs, rom ganaTlebis fakulteti universitetebSi erT-erTi prioritetuli gaxda da municipalitetidan bevrma bavSvma airCia maswavleblis specialoba. qalbatoni rusudanis TqmiT, Zalian kargi pedagogebi arian mowveuli, magram adgilobrivi kadri sul sxvaa. ,,is ukve Seguebulia aqaur klimatur pirobebs, bavSvebis xasiaTic icis da isic, Tu swavlebis rogori meTodi iqneba ukeTesi Sedegis momtani”. raindi bolqvaZe (qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebeli, sofel Tagos skola): ,,Cveni skola orsafexuriania da 32 bavSvi swavlobs. vauCeris Tanxa gaizarda da yvelafrisTvis gvyofnis. inventari kargia, kompiuterebic sakmarisi gvaqvs, kadrebis problemac ar gvaqvs, mxolod umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone inglisuri enis pedagogebi ar gvyavs. 9-Tviani kursi gaviare da dawyebiT klass me vaswavli inglisurs. imedi gvaqvs, male es problema aRar gveqneba”. xulos municipalitetSi 12 minusiani skolaa.Mes iseTi saswavlebelia, romlis daqvemdebarebaSic aris arasruli dawyebiTi skola

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ix. gagrZeleba - gv. 35

CanarTi

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CanarTi moamzada: xatia lelaZem da lika CaCuam

ix. dasawyisi gv. 30 da es ukanaskneli finansdeba ZiriTadi skolis Semosavlidan. rogorc gavarkvieT, adgilobrivi biujetidan minusiani skolebis daxmareba ar xdeba. es kanoniT akrZalulia, mxolod saofise xarjebis dafarva SeuZlia gamgeobas da gasul wels am SesaZleblobis farglebSi adgilobrivma xelisuflebam minusian skolebs generatorebi uyida. rusudan ZirkvaZe: ,,Cven ar SegviZlia aseT skolebs finansebiT davexmaroT da amasTan, valdebuli varT, 3 bavSvic rom iyos sofelSi, dawyebiTi skola gavxsnaT, radgan saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT yvela bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba. ZiriTadi skola valdebulia, yvela is sikeTe, riTac TviTon sargeblobs, daqvemdebarul skolasac gaunawilos, amitom, minusian skolebs dafinanseba unda gaezardos. esaa, Cemi azriT, erTaderTi gamosavali“.

EganaTlebis miReba aqaurebisTvis dRemde prioritetulia. amaze bevri ram metyvelebs:

sitetebSi. Uufaso ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZlebloba ki maTTvis bevrs niSnavs. aRmsareblobis miuxedavad, aq visac survili da unari aqvs, yvela swavlobs. xiWauris universiteti aris imis dasturi, rom am mxareSi bavSvebis, axalgazrdebis diskriminacia ar xdeba religiis mixedviT. ra Tqma unda, sapatriarqo cdilobs qristianobis gavrcelebas axalgazrdebSi, oRond maTi TviTSegnebis amaRlebiT da ara ZaldatanebiT”.

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom xiWauris universiteti sakmaod xelsayrel pirobebs sTavazobs abiturientebs, xulos axalgazrdebis umetesoba mainc baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis universitets aniWebs upiretesobas, rasac ramdenime mizezi ganapirobebs.

Mmadona jorbenaZe, ganaTlebis resurscentris wamyvani specialisti: ,,radgan xiWauris universiteti xulos municipalitets ar ekuTvnis, bavSvebma

konkursebSi, saskolo olimpiadebsa da konferenciebSi monawileobisa da warmatebisTvis miRebuli diplomebis raodenoba, yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 30 medalosani da ,,Cemi pirveli kompiuteris” mflobeli moswavle. me-12 klaselebis 80% sxvavdasxva umaRlesi saswavlebelis studentebi xdebian.

Lleila wulukiZe (direqtoris moadgile, daba xulos saSualo skola): ,,namdvilad aqtiuri moswavleebi gvyavs. monawileobas iReben konferenciebSi, saskolo olimpiadebSi, arian gaerTianebuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi. maswavleblebsac ki gagviswres aqtiurobiT, rac gvaxarebs. am saswavlo wlis pirveli semestris SedegebiT, 50-60 bavSvs aqvs maRali Sefaseba.Yyovel wels Cveni skolidan abiturientebis 60% xdeba studenti. umravlesoba iRebs ara marto maRalmTiani zonis grants, aramed saxelmwifo dafinansebasac”. rac Seexeba umaRles saswavlebels, maRalmTian aWaraSi, kerZod Suaxevis municipalitetSi, aris xiWauris universiteti, romelic sapatriarqom daaarsa. aq swavla da orjeradi kveba ufasoa, studentebi erovnuli gamocdebiT iricxebian. aq swavla SeuZliaT rogorc marTlmadidebel, aseve muslim bavSvebs. aris sabakalavro da samagistro programebi, sul _ 8 fakulteti. leqtorebi Tbilisidan arian mowveulebi. rogorc qalbaton rusudan ZirkvaZisgan SevityveT, Tu SenobiT uzrunvelyofa moxerxda, xuloSi am universitetis 2 fakultetis gadmotana igegmeba. oTar SainiZe, ganaTlebis resurscentris xelmZRvaneli: ,,xiWauris universitetis roli axalgazrdebis ganaTlebis saqmeSi udidesia. didi madloba meufes spiridons, rom aseTi keTili saqme gaakeTa. ekonomikuri siduxWiris gamo, bavSvebs ar aqvT SesaZlebloba, swavla gaagrZelon univer-

iq bina unda iqiraon. amitom, miuxedavad imisa, rom iq swavla ufasoa, urCevniaT baTumSi naTesavTan icxovron, amiT fuli dazogon, cota daamaton da swavlis gadasaxadi dafaron. aseT arCevans imitom akeTeben, rom baTumSi ufro moaxdenen sakuTari SesaZleblobebis realizacias.Aaseve, minda aRvniSno, rom Cven sakmaod bevri bavSvi gvyavs, romlebic Tavisuflad Caabareben Tbilisis universitetebSic, magram es did TanxebTanaa dakavSirebuli, Tan sakmaod Sorsaa dedaqalaqi. swored amitom ikaveben Tavs”. diana SanTaZe (abiturienti, daba xulos saSualo skola): ,,pirvel adgilze baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis universiteti miweria, sajaro mmarTvelobisa da evropismcodneobis fakultetebi.

Semdeg xiWauris universitetis 2 fakulteti, xolo bolos _ Tbilisi. baTums mivaniWe upiratesoba adgilmdebareobis gamo. is SedarebiT cnobili da Cemi samomavlo profesiis gamoyenebisTvis ufro xelsayreli adgilia. me iq ufro movaxden Cemi codnis realizacias da dasaqmebis SesaZleblobac meti meqneba.”. am bolo ramdenime weliwadSi xulos municipalitetis ganaTlebis sistemaSi rom bevri ram Seicvala, daixvewa da gakeTda, amas zemoT Tqmulic cxadyofs (minusiani skolebisTvis generatorebis SeZena, garemontebuli Senobebi, kargi inventari, kompiuterizacia, moswavleTa maRali CarTuloba sxvadasxva aqtivobaSi). ra Tqma unda, problemebic aris (kadrebis nakleboba, profesiuli saswavleblis arqona, minusiani skolebi), Tumca Zalisxmevisa da Sromis Sedegad, es problemebic TandaTan gvardeba.

naTia barbaqaZe

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,,siCumis angelozebi" xuloSi Rrublebi Sen gaswvrivaa. dabali tem­peratura da sufTa haeri pulsze moqmedebs da gulis cemis siswrafe nelnela imatebs...

ilona bolqvaZe, xulos sajaro skolis moswavle

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aq mcire xmaurs mxolod maSin gaigebT, roca sajaro skolis win gaivliT. axalgazrdebic ZiriTadad sajaro skolis teritoriaze SeiniSnebian. meTormete klasis 24 moswavlidan saxelwifo universitetSi Cabarebis survili 22 maTgans aqvs. emzadebian da iseTive grafiki aqvT, rogorc nebismier abiturients. moswavleebi amboben, rom studentoba umetesobisTvis Sveba iqneba. mxolod skolis damTavrebis Semdeg Tu aris SesaZlebeli, am utyvi adgilis datoveba. nawils ki Zalian uyvars mSobliuri mTiani xulo, amayobs bunebiT da didxans SeuZlia gesaubros Tavis sofelze. daba xulosgan gansxvavebiT, mis soflebSi mcxovreb bavSvebs skolaSi misasvlelad erT saaTi mainc uwevT siaruli. zamTarSi gadaadgileba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. maTi mTavari problema Sori da mouwesrigebeli gzaa. Tumca, gasakviri isaa, rom arsebuli viTarebiT ukmayofilebas aravin gamoTqvams. diana SanTaZe xulos sajaro skolis meTormete klasis moswavlea. mTavari gasarTobi misTvis yovelTvis wignis kiTxva iyo. hobic wignebis kiTxvaa. am dros isvenebs da ganaTlebasac iRebs. vekiTxebi: - sxva gasarTobi kidev ra aris xuloSi? - ara, sxva araferi. meti riTi unda gaverTo? xuloSi gasarTobi centrebi ar aris. Aamitom, axalgazrdebis erT-erTi moTxovna swored gasarTobi centrebis Seqmnaa. 18 wlis nika bolqvaZe isurvebda, rom xuloSi iyos bari an Ramis klubi, sadac Seikribebian megobrebi da gaerTobian. sinanuliT dasZens - ,,aqaurobas gamococxleba unda, Torem axalgazrdebisgan daicleba’’. xulos centrSi patara parkia, axlaxan gaalamazes da patarebisTvis sasiamovno garemo Seqmnes. sadiskusiod Tu saqeifod mowyobil gadaxurul magidasTan xSirad ikribebian axalgazrdebi. ,,TxuTmeti wlis da zemoT asakis axalgazrdebisTvis gasarTobi TiTqmis araferia. aris parki, romelic bavSvebisTvis kargia, erTobian

kidec, mowyobilia atraqcionebi da aris maTTvis Sesabamisi pirobebi TavSesaqcevad. ase Tu ise, xuloSi biWebsac aqvT gasarTobi adgili, magaliTad: stadioni, sadac fexburTs TamaSoben. bolosdabolos, TavSeyrisTvisac aqvT adgili, rasac amave asakis gogonebze ver vityvi,’’ – acxadebs xulos mkvidri nino miqelaZe. xuloSi arc profesiuli saswavlebelia. ganaTlebis resurscentris ufrosis TqmiT ki, misi gaxsna arc momavalSi igegmeba. elementaruli xelsaqme gogonebisTvis - kerva, qargva Taobidan Taobas TiTqmis aRar gadaecema.

Tumca axalgazrdebis garTobisa da Tavisufali drois gonivrulad gatarebisTvis garkveuli Zvrebi xuloSi mainc SeiniSneba _ parkTan axlos funqcionirebs ,,axalgazrduli centri’’, romelic 2012 wlis dasawyisSi Camoyalibda. manamde mis funqciebs kulturis centri an gamgeobis ganaTlebis departamenti inawilebdnen. rogorc ,,axalgazrduli centris’’ xelmZRvanelma akaki qoniaZem aRniSna, centris calke gamoyofa swori strategia iyo, ramac gamoacocxla xuloSi mcxovrebi axalgazrdebi. ,,davimtkiceT Tu ara biujeti, rac 15 000 lars Seadgens, gavwereT prioritetebi, davsaxeT gegmebi da daviwyeT misi Sesruleba. Tavidan centrSi ganTavsda qselSi CarTuli kompiuterebi, romliT sargeblobac nebismier msurvels SeuZlia. drodadro axalgazrdebTan ewyoba Sexvedrebi, sadiskusio klubSi bavSvebi ikribebian imisTvis, rom sakuTari survilebi gagvandon. gasul wels ramdenime eqskursia movawyveT baTumSi, anakliasa da quTaisSi. anakliaSi 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi bavSvebi isvenebdnen sastumroSi da jansaR cxovrebasac eweodnen. diliT varjiSebi hqondaT, mowesrigebuli kveba da garToba. Cvens xelT arsebuli mcire biujetiT yvelanairad vcdilobT, Soreul soflebSi mcxovreb axalgazrdebsac mivawvdinoT xma’’ - acxadebs akaki qoniaZe. xuloSi dro Zalian nela gadis. macxovreblebic Zalian mSvidi da mTis bunebis msgavsad auRelveblebi arian. SeCveuli Tvali am simSvides zantad egueba, SeuCvevels ki male swyindeba ucxo simSvide. skolis dasrulebis Semdeg axalgazrdebis umetesoba umaRles ganaTlebas iRebs, midis xulodan. gogonebi ki, romlebsac ar surT an garkveuli mizezebis gamo ver iReben umaRles ganaTlebas, maleve ojaxdebian.

gzavnili xuloSi gasarTobi centrebi ar aris. amitom, axalgazrdebis erT-erTi moTxovna swored gasarTobi centrebis Seqmnaa. 18 wlis nika bolqvaZe isurveb­ da, rom xuloSi iyos bari an Ramis klubi, sadac Seikribebian megobrebi da gaerTobian. sinanuliT dasZens ,,aqaurobas gamococxleba unda, Torem axalgazrdebisgan daicleba''.

lali Sengelia

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religia Ggansxvavebuli sarwmunoeba erTiani suliskveTebiT roca maRalmTian aWaras axseneb, ggonia, rom gansxvavebul garemosa da adamianebs da­ inaxav. albaT ufro konservatiuls, erT sivrceSi Caketilsa da Seuwynarebels yovelgva­ ri siaxlisadmi. Cadixar mTiani aWaris centrSi _ xuloSi da realoba sxva gxvdeba.

raionis mosaxleobis absolutu­ ri umravlesoba – 80 % aq muslimia, mag­ram es maT xels ar uSliT raionis da­narCen qristianebTan saerTo enis ga­monaxvaSi. amboben, rom islami Semwynarebluri religiaa. misTvis ucxoa da­Zaleba. rwmena TiToeuli adamianis pi­radi arCevania da mas mokrZalebuli mopyroba sWirdeba. xulos mkvidri – 80 wlis aleqsandre qaTamaZe qarTveli muslimia, ro­me­­lic ixsenebs, rom adgilobriv qristi­anebsa da qarTvel muslimebs Soris yo­velTvis megobruli, saRi urTierTdamokidebuleba iyo da gansxvavebuli rwm­ena Tu tradiciebi aranair sirTules ar qmnida. ambobs, rom swyins, roca muslimi axalgazrdebi qrisitianulad inaTlebian, magram amasac martivad eguebian: ,,aq Cveulebrivi movlenaa, rom erT ojaxSi ori gansaxvavebuli aRmsareblobis adamiani SeiZleba iyos. magaliTad, SeiZleba mSoblebi muslimebi, xo­lo Svilebi ki qristianebi iyvnen, rac no­rmaluria, magram problema isaa, rom, roca adamiani rwmenas icvlis, gind muslimi iyos da gind qristiani, is amas ara rwmeniT, aramed urwmunoebiT akeTebs.

Cven aseT adamianebs ,,undos” veZaxiT, radgan ar endoba mama-pa­pa­Tagan danatovar sarwmunoebas”. saubarSi ojaxis rZali, qalbatoni cicino erTveba: ,,marTalia, muslimi var, magram amis gamo bevrs araswori war­modgena aqvs da xan TurqebTan, xan ki­dev TaTrebTan gvaigiveben. aba, gabedos da vinmem Turqi damiZaxos. marTalia, Cemi rwmeniT muslimi var, magram ara­mgonia mas Cemze metad uyvardes saqarTvelo, visTvisac sarwmunoeba eTnikur kuTvnilebas gansazRvravs”.

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rogorc aRmoCnda, xulos mkvidrTaTvis es problema aqtualuri da mtki­vneulia, rodesac XIX saukuneSi Tur­qeTis xelSi myofi aWara saqarTvelos SemouerTda, gamuslimebuli qarTvelebi Suasaukuneobrivi erovnuli politikuri xedvisa da mentalitetis gavleniT, qarTvelebad aRar iTvlebodnen.

AadgilobrivTa TqmiT, am gaugebrobisagan mosaxlebis didi nawili gaTavisuflebuli jerac ar aris, rac erovnuli erTianobis miRwevas UuSlis xels. xuloelebs ar moswonT isic, Tu ra formiT da ra mizniT inaTlebian qris­tianulad muslimebi.Ddaba xulos mkvidri 72 wlis SoTa TavarTqilaZe gu­listkiviliT ambobs, rom saxelmwifo mxolod qristianul religiaze zru­navs. wuxs, rom iq, sadac umravle­ so­ba muslimi cxovrobs, sapatriar­ qo eklesiebs aSenebs: ,,qristianebi aq didi ekonomikuri privilegiebiT sar­gebloben. magaliTad, saimisod, rom wyvilma jvari daiweros amaSi fuls uxdian.Aaseve taZarSi mgalobelTa did gun­dsac kargi anazRaureba aqvT da mudmivad xdeba am yvelafris propaganda”. muslimebisgan gansxvavebulad fiq­roben adgilobrivi qristianebi. ma­Ti TqmiT, miuxedavad muslimTa erTgva­ri simravlisa am raionSi, saer­To tendencia aCvenebs, rom xalxi nel­ne­­la inaTleba da ubrundeba Tavis uwin­del, Tavdapirvel sarwmunoebas. xulos raionis ganaTlebis re­ sur­scentris ufrosis, oTar SainiZis TqmiT, adgilobrivebi etapobrivad qris­tianobaze eqcevian, raSic didi wvlili sxalTis eparqiis episkoposs me­ufe spiridons miuZRvis. ,,aWaris

mosax­leobas muslimanuri sarwmunoeba Tavis droze xmliTa da maxviliT mi­ aRebines, axla ki, is nel-nela da, rac mTa­varia, sakuTari neba-surviliT ubrundeba Tavis Tavdapirvel sarwmunoebas – qristianobas.Aam yvelaferSi didi xelSewyobaa meufe spiridonis mxridan. misi iniciativiT daarsebul wminda tbel abuserisZis saxelobis xiWauris universitetSi absoluturi umravlesoba muslimi swavlobs.Aroca aq studentebi swavlis procesSi igeben TavianT warsuls, realur da ara damaxinjebul istorias, nelnela acnobiereben, rom maTi ZirZveli da marTali sarwmunoeba qristianobaa”.

Cven vesaubreT sxalTis eparqiis episkopos meufe spiridonsac, rodesac ,,andriaobis” dResaswaulTan dakavSirebiT, mis mier miwveul saxalxo trapezze aRmovCndiT.Mmeufes TqmiT, xulo uZvelesi qristianuli kuTxea da sabolood is mainc qristianobis wiaRSi dabrundeba: ,,bolo periodSi sakmaod bevri muslimi moinaTla da es procesi TandaTan mimdinareobs.

1700 weli iyo es mxare qristianuli, Tavis droze mosaxleobas sxva sarwmunoeba iZulebiT miaRebines. dRes aq arsebuli suraTi sul male Seicvleba. mosaxleobis umravlesoba kvlav qristiani gaxdeba. mTavari mainc adamianTa erToba da erTiani sulia, rac ase igZnoba adgilobriv qristianebsa da muslimebs Soris.Aai, dResac, aq gamarTul trapezze bevri araqristiani _ muslimia mosuli, magram Cven es urTierTobaSi xels sulac ar gviSlis. arsebiTi mxolod is aris, rom suliT da guliT iyo qarTveli, amgvari SemarTeba ki adgilobriv muslimebs uaRresad didi aqvT”. saerTo jamSi unda iTqvas, rom xuloelebs TavianT mrwamsze saubari ar siamovnebT. maTTvis es Zalian piradi da xelSeuxebeli ramaa. samSoblos siyvaruliT gulanTebulebs ar ainteresebT rwmenis sakiTxebSi detaluri Zieba. maTi ritorika, romelsac xSirad qristianebis misamarTiT iyeneben, ase JRers: ,,ratom amtkicebT, rom marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gareT ar aris cxoneba, gana erTi RmerTis ar swams yvelas? – muslimebs, qristianebs, iudevelebsa da budistebs?

gansxvaveba xom mxolod wes-CveulebebSia. maS, ratom amtkicebT sakuTar gansakuTrebulebas?NratomU fiqrobT, rom uzenaesi ar miiRebs muslimebs? misTvis xom sul erTia, vis rogor swams”. aqve gaxsendeba qarTvel muslimTa partiis meTauris memed abaSiZis istoriuli sityvebi, romelic 1919 wels, qarTvel muslimTa yrilobaze warmoTqva: ,,nuravin ifiqrebs, rom sarwmunoeba da erovneba erTi da igivea! gaxsovdeT, rom Cveni xsna, Cveni bedniereba saqarTvelos erTianobaSia. gaumarjos mTlian saqarTvelos!”

cisia cercvaZe

gzavnili 39

didaWaroba wminda andria pirvelwodebulis xsenebis dRe

wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis taZari. xulo ,,movida (andria) qalaqad trapizonad, romel ars sofeli megrelTa, sada igi dahyo jami mciredi da ixila ugunureba pirutyuebrivi mkvidrTa Soris mis qalaqisaTa. Gganvida mier da Sevida queyanasa qarTlisas, romelsa didaWara ewodebis da iwyo qadagebad saxarebisa. Dda mravalni Wirni da gansacdelni daiTmina urwmunoTagan da SewevniTA rwmenisaTaA da wminda mis xatisaTa yovelnive madlobiT moiTminna, vidremdis yovelnive moaqcivna da moiyvanna sarwmunoebad”

qarTlis cxovreba xulos sofel didaWaraSi aigo pirveli saxli RvTisa, aq ekurTxa pirveli qarTveli RvTismsaxuri da swored aq aResrula pirveli wirva-locva qarTul enaze. Aam yvelafris Semdeg gasakviri araa Tu ratom elian yovel wels ,,didaWaraSi” ase mouTmenlad 12 maiss _ mociqul andria pirvelwodebulis saqarTveloSi Semosvlis dRis dadgomas. marTalia, am dRes mTeli qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia aRniSnavs,Yyvela taZarSi wirva-locva aRevlineba, magram am dResaswauls gansakuTrebuli datvirTva aqvs maRalmTiani aWarisTvis.

1989 wels sami saukunis ganmavlobaSi dadumebuli sxalTis eklesiis zarebis xma SeuerTda dedaeklesiis zarebis guguns da didaWarlebs gauCndaT survili, rom maT sofels, Tavisi gankuTvnili adgili kvlav daekavebina Cveni qveynis istoriaSi. mas Semdeg, rac Seiqmna sxalTis eparqia da episkoposad wminda sinodma daamtkica meufe spiridoni (eriskacobaSi – goCa abulaZe), man sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis, uwmnindesisa da uneta-

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resis locva-kurTxeviT daiwyo zrunva imaze, rom qarTvel mrevls gaeTvicnobierebina Tu ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda mociquli andrias didaWaraSi Sesvlas da qristianobis qadagebas.

D12 maisis dResaswaulis aRniSvna xulodan daiwyo. RvTismSoblis xarebis saxelobis taZarSi wminda mamebma meufe spiridonTan erTad aRavlines sazeimo wirva-locva. taZari savse iyo xalxiT. wirvas eswrebodnen rogorc adgilobrivebi, aseve aWarisa da mTlianad saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosuli stumrebi, maT Soris aWaris avtonomiuri respublikisa da centraluri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi.

Aamis Semdeg zeimi sofel didaWaraSi gagrZelda, romelmac wels ukve meSvided umaspinZla samecniero konferencias ,,wminda andria pirvelwodebulis gziT” anu ,,didaWaroba”.Ees konferencia pirvelad 2007 wels Catarda saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis, ilia meoris locva-kurTxeviT da ukve saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis statusi

miiRo. Tbilisis, goris, axalcixis, quTaisis, baTumis, zugdidis universitetebis warmomadgenlebTan erTad konferenciaSi monawileoba miiRes poloneTis, ukrainis, ruseTis sazogado moRvaweebma. sxvadasxva seqciaSi daaxloebiT 150 moxseneba iqna wakiTxuli. konferenciis monawileni da iq Sekrebili sazogadoeba sxalTis eparqiis mRvdelmTavarma meufe spiridonma daloca. xolo aWaris qoreografiulma da folklorulma ansamblebma maT patisvacemad koncertic gamarTes. dResaswulis aRniSvna iq dasrulda, saidanac daiwyo. sapatriarqosa da meufis iniciativiT, daba xulos kerZo skolis SenobaSi trapezi moewyo, sadacY yvelam, ganurCevlad sqesisa, asakisa, eTnikuri Tu religiuri aRmsareblobisa, moiyara Tavi. maT aTasgvari gemrieli kerZiT gaumaspinZldnen. trapezoba am dRis ganuyreli nawilia. meufe spiridonma akurTxa sufra, daloca iq misuli adamianebi da kidev erTxel mouwoda maT rwmenis gaZlierebisaken, sikeTis, Tanadgomisa da moyvasis siyvarulisken. meufe spiridoni: ,,aseTi dResaswaulebi xalxze dadebiTad moqmedebs. isini ikribebian da erTiandebian. dRes, trapezze bevri iseTi adamiani iyo mosuli, romelic mounaTlavia, Tumca es ar uSlis xels iyos namdvili qarTveli. mTavari xom qarTvelobaa. es saxalxo dResaswaulebi kidev ufro Sekravs aqaur qarTvelobas da bolosdabolos mTeli mTiani aWara gaqristiandeba. advili xom araa erT dReSi Seicvalo rwmena, roca Seni winaprebi 300 weli islamis mimdevrebi iyvnen. ukve gaqristianebis procesia dawyebuli. etapobrivad inaTleba xalxi. Cven yvelanairad vcdilobT da momavalSic yvelafers gavakeTebT, rom xeli SevuwyoT am process. xiWauris universitetis daarsebis mTavari mizanic xom esaa – xalxi daubrundes Tavis rwmenas”. sufrasTan msxdomi vaJTa vokaluri gundi galobiTa da qarTuli xalxuri simRerebiT kidev ufro amaRlebul ganwyobas qmnida. Yyvela monusxuli usmenda maT. TviTon soflis mkvidrni, romlebic dResdReobiT qristianebi ar arian, grZnoben am dRis mniSvnelobas da imas, rom sarwmunoebis miuxedavad, isini namdvili qarTvelebi arian. ase damTavrda kidev erTi ,,didaWaroba” da ukve yvela mouTmenlad elis momdevno wlis dadgomas. am dResTan dakavSirebiT ramdenime leqsic ki Seiqmna: ,,SuqiT mosili warsuli, Sens win qedmoxras gvavalebs, aq veferebiT odiTgan wminda andrias nakvalevs.

Sens silamazes SevxariT, RvTisagan uxvad boZebuls, es silamaze uxilavs andria pirvelwodebuls”.

sxalTis eparqiis RvdelmTavari meufe spiridoni

didaWaroba 2013

Tamaz lomiZe ,,didaWaraSi, xuloSi dRes suli dResaswaulobs, aq bevri sakuTar Tavs da bevri ufals poulobs. maSinac idga maisi, axlac maisi anTia, ros rwmeniT Semodioda uflis mowame andria”. mzeqala Canqseliani

sxalTis samonastro kompleqsi

naTia barbaqaZe

gzavnili 41

,,siyvaruls ver moi poveb, siyvaruls damsaxureba unda” ,,WeSmariti mwyemsi isaa, visac ZaluZs daRupuli sityvieri cxovrebis dasja da gamosworeba Tavisi gulmodginebiT, gulkeTilobiT da locviT''. ioane sineli

mama miriani da fofodia nana (cicino) anTaZe

pavle mociqulis epistoleSi vkiTxulobT, rom visac moZRvroba surs, mas keTili saqmis keTebis survili unda hqondes. winamZRoloba moZRvrisgan bevr Sromas moiTxovs. mociqulis TqmiT, igi ars saqme mravalZnelovani, rTuli, mniSvnelovani da sapasuxismgeblo. ai, ratom ar SeuZlia misi Sesruleba, imas vinc masTan gulgrilad midis. mama miriani 39 wlis iyo, roca bolomde, guliT gaacnobiera, rom: ,,Tu adamians giyvars samSoblo da misi istoria kargad ici, xvdebi, rom es istoria eklesiis gareSe ar arsebobs”. magram, modiT, Tanmimdevrulad giambobT yvelafers masze, umjobesia warsulidan daviwyo... “dekanozi miriani, eriskacobaSi nodar vaJas Ze samxaraZe daibada 1958 wlis 7 seqtembers, xaragaulis raionis sofel vertyviWalaSi. skolis damTavrebis Semdeg SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo Teatraluri institutSi Caabara, mogvianebiT muSaobda xaragaulis raionis sofel vertyviWalis kulturis saxlis samxatvro xelmZRvanelad, mis mier daarsebul moswavleTa eqsperimentuli Teatr-studiis direqtorad da saxalxo Teatris reJisorad. 1988 wlidan ki erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi Caeba. 1991 wlis gadatrialebis dros devnilobaSi moxvda. maSin, roca mxedrionma iaraRis ZaliT daiwyo marTva, aWaraSi SedarebiT mSvidi mdgomareoba iyo, amitom politikuri niSniT devnilebma iq Seafares Tavi, mama mirianic maT Soris iyo. maSin arc ki ufiqria, rom odesme sasuliero piri gaxdeboda Tumca sinamdvleSi,Aaqedan daiwyo misi religiuri moRvaweoba maRalmTian aWaraSi.” _ vkiTxulobT mama mirianis biografiaSi, misi msaxurebis roli imdenad didia xuloSi, rom Cvens Jurnalze muSaobis dawyebisas gadavwyviteT, mkiTxvelisTvis ufro axlos gagvecno igi.

SuadRisas SevxvdiT `keTilmsaxuri Tamar mefis saxelobis skola-pansionSi”. miuxedavad imisa, rom interviuebis Caweris gamocdileba maqvs, mainc vRelavdi, es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac Cemi respondenti sasuliero piri iyo. zogad Temebze vsaubrobdiT,oTaxSi fofodia rom Semovida... Semovida da saocari ganwyobac Semoitana. jer skola dagvaTvalierebina, gviTxra, rom igi mama mirianma, patriarqis locva-kurTxviT, 2009 wels daaarsa da rom aq TurqeTSi, iranSi, saingiloSi, fereidanSi, tao-klarjeTsa da sxvadasxva mxareebSi mcxovrebi qarTveli bavSvebi swavloben. isini saskolo ganaTlebasTan erTad, profesiul unar-Cvevebsac iZenen. skolis daTvalierebis Semdeg TavisTan dagvpatiJa. gaviareT viwro derefani, gavcdiT moswavleebis saZinebel oTaxebs da saxlSi SevediT. sakmevelis saocari surneli... irgvliv xatebi...misi uSualo damokidebuleba...yvelaferi erTad imdenad mSvid garemos qmnida, rom rodesac diqtofoni CavrTe, Tavs Cveul ampluaSi vgrZnobdi. saubaris daswyisSi telefonis zaris xma gaisma, rogorc

giorgisTan erTad.

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mogvianebiT gavige, es mama miriani iyo, am droisTvis igi skolaSi stumrebs xvdeboda, Tumca Tavis fofodias mainc Seaxsena, rom `Tavmdabloba ar daviwyeboda” intervius Caweris dros. imedia, Cemi respondenti ar gaminawyendeba am zarze rom giambeT, ubralod, minda, rom msgavsi patara detalebiT ukeT gagacnoT mama miriani da misi ojaxi. qalbatoni nana (cicino) anTaZe profesiiT filologia. warmoSobiT muslimanuri ojaxidanaa.

Ddedamisi muslimanuri rjulis maswavlebeli iyo. Tavadac _ am religiis aRmsarebeli, magram mere qristianad moinaTla. dasawerad da saTqmelad advilia, magram sinamdvileSi didi brZolebi gadaitana marTlmadideblobisTvis da Tavadac tkiviliT ixsenebs im dros. aranakleb mZime iyo misi da mama mirianis qorwineba. es moxda 1996 wels. erTmaneTi xuloSi gaicnes. mama miriani 37 wlis iyo da ukve beroba hqonda gadawyvetili, magram yvelaferi Seicvala... qorwinebas sirTuleebi mohyva _ mTeli muslimanuri sazogadoeba daupirispirdaT. ar patiobdnen `kabiani kacis colobas”, magram dro gavida da axla vinc yvelaze metad ebrZoda maT, qristianebi arian.,,yvela naTesavi Semirigda. Aaxlaxan Cemma axlobelma damireka da miTxra, rom Turme colad qristiani SeurTavs. vinc ki rame miTxra da didi sulieri tkivili momayena, yvela qristians gahyva da yvelam qristiani moiyvana”, _gviTxra qalbatonma nanam. mama mirians sami Svili hyavs: qeTevani, Tamari da giorgi. qeTevans mamis mgavsad, reJisoroba unda. misi survilia gadaiRos iseTi filmi, romelic saqarTvelos realobas asaxavs. Tamari merve klasSia, rogorc Tavad ambobs, patriotia da ra banaluradac ar unda JRerdes, misi mTavari mizania, momavalSi samSoblosTvis rame gaakeTos. mama mirianze saubrisas Tamarma isic gviTxra, rom `eriskac mamas ise ver gaugebda, rogorc mama mirians ugebs.” miuxedavad imisa, rom sasuliero piria, Svilebs zedmetad ar akontrolebs da arc Tavisuflebas uSlis. zomierebis farglebSi cdilobs, yvelaferi Seusrulos maT. qalbatonma nanam gviTxra, rom SvilebTan urTierTobaSi mama miriani Zalian sxvanairia _ sanam patarebi iyvnen, kiserze Seijenda da aTamaSebdao, fofodiasac xSirad exumreba xolme, xan fanjridan ruporiT gadasZaxebs, xan ras izams, xan _ ras. skolis bavSvebTanac Zalian Tbilia mama miriani, Tavad Seveswari faqts, rogor gadado yvelaferi imisaTvis, rom bavSvebi eqskursiaze wasvliT gaexarebina:`...gadavdoT, gadavdoT, eqskursiaze gavuSvaT, es xom weliwadSi erTxelaa, koncerti sxva drosac moeswreba!”

mama mirianis qaliSvili Tamari

mama mirianze saubri xulos gareSe warmoudgenelia, aq 10 weli imsaxura. rogorc Tavad ambobs, es misi msaxurebis Zalian rTuli periodi iyo. Tavidan, radgan ganaTlebis sferos kargad icnobda, xulos sasuliero saswavleblis proreqtorad dainiSna. mogvianebiT, 1997 wels, mRvdlad ekurTxa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT dainiSnaandria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis xulos sasuliero saswavleblis reqtorad. radgan maSin xuloSi mxolod ramdenime qristiani cxovrobda, mama mirianis msaxureba winaRmdegobebiT savse iyo. Tumca, rogorc Tavad aRniSnavs, 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi yvelaferi ukeTesobisken Seicvala. 1500 adamiani monaTla (masobrivi naTlobebis garda), aqedan 100-ze meti misi piradi naTlulia.Mmama mirianis msaxurebis periodSi eklesiis mSeneblobac daiwyo. mSeneblobaze iqauri muslimanebic ki muSaobdnen. iyvnen iseTebi, romlebic cdilobdnen maTTvis xeli SeeSalaT, Tumca mosaxleobis umravlesoba gverdSi edga. maTgan zogi moinaTla, zogic muslimani darCa. `rac unda iqadago, Seni cxovrebis wesi unda Seesabamebodes Sens sityvebs. Cven Cveni cxovrebis wesi davanaxeT. arCevanis saSualeba miveciT. sabolood ki, adamiani iqiT miiltvis, sadac ukeTesad igrZnobs Tavs”, _ miTxra mama mirianma (statias ioane sinelis sityvebiT viwyeb, swored mama mirianis am frazam gamaxsena igi). mama mirians yvelaferSi gverdiT udgas qalbatoni nana, misi roli Zalian mniSvnelovania, is dRes saqarTvelos sapatriarqos qarTvel muslimanebTan urTierTobis samsaxuris ufrosia. is, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom damakavSirebeli xidia am or religias Soris. misi wyalobiT dRes muslimanur ojaxebSic ki maspinZloben marTlmadidebel moZRvrebs. ai, aseTia maTi cxovreba. kidev bevri ramis dawera da Tqma SeiZleba, magram saubars aq davasruleb da getyviT, rom 10 wliani rTuli gzis gavlis Semdeg, mama miriani maRalmTan aWaraSi(da aramarto aq) yvelas Zalian uyvars. dRes, rogorc misi meuRle ambobs: ,,mama miriani SeiZleba ar dasWirdeT, magram uyvarT, rogorc eriskaci da adamiani. Tavis cxovrebis wesiT man amas miaRwia. siyvaruls ver moipoveb da Tan mTis kacis siyvarulis mopoveba advili araa, siyvaruls damsaxureba unda. mTavaria siyalbe ar Segetyos, saqme guliT unda akeTo da maSin yvelaferi gamogiva”.

ana kakuria

mama mirianis qaliSvili qeTevani

gzavnili 43

„es aris qarTuli saxli. es Cemi saxlia, sadac movlen bavSvebi da iswavlian“

,„erTxel, roca Sevedi bavSvebis oTaxSi, vnaxe fofodia (nana anTaZe) ra didi siyvaruliT kemsavda bavSvebis tansacmels da ra did siTbos debda is bavSvebis movlaSi. mominda, mec davrCeniliyavi da swavlis saaTebis Semdegac mezruna maTze. me vityodi, rom es aris qarTuli saxli’’. ana maisuraZe

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saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida keTilmsaxuri mefe Tamaris saxelobis skola-pansioni, dekanoz mirian samxaraZis xelmZRvanelobiT da sapatriarqos finansebiT, 2009 wlis 5 oqtombers gaixsna. skola-pansionis mizani SemoqmedebiTi niWiT dajildoebuli bavSvebisaTvis musikaluri da saxviT xelovnebis specialobebSi Sesabamisi saxelobo da saxelovnebo ganaTlebis micemaa. amJamad skola-pansionSi 300-mde moswavle swavlobs. aqedan 35 maRalmTiani aWaridan aris. maTze zrunva mama mirianis meuRles, nana (cicino) anTaZes evaleba. maT swavla-ganaTlebas ki pedagogebi uzrunvelyofen. skola-pansionis moswavleebsa da saxelosnos yuradRebas ar aklebs direqtoris moadgile, zogadi ganaTlebis dargSi mayvala anTaZe. igi Tavis dasTan, qalbaton cicino anTaZesTan erTad, muxlCauxrelad Sromobs da emsaxureba qarTul saqmes. ana maisuraZe, romelic skola-pansionSi Teqaze muSaobas aswavlis, aRniSnavs, rom aq yvelanairi garemoa Seqmnili, imisaTvis rom maT kargad igrZnon Tavi. is ixsenebs SemTxvevas: ,„erTxel, roca Sevedi bavSvebis oTaxSi, vnaxe fofodia (nana anTaZe) ra didi siyvaruliT kemsavda bavSvebis tansacmels da ra did siTbos debda is bavSvebis movlaSi. mominda, mec davrCeniliyavi da swavlis saaTebis Semdegac mezruna maTze. me vityodi, rom es aris qarTuli saxli. es Cemi saxlia, sadac movlen bavSvebi da Zalian bevr rames iswavlian“‘. skola-pansionis moswavleebi marTlac STambeWdav namuSevrebs qmnian. gansakuTrebulia aWaridan Camosuli erT-erTi moswavlis namuSevari, Teqaze gadmosuli ,,Cemi sofeli“.

10 wlis elene, romelic gaxsnidan am skolapansionSi cxovrobs, Zalian did yuradRebas aqcevs ferebs. misi sayvareli feri iasamnisferia. is Teqisgan Tojinebs akeTebs. ,,me Zalian miyvars Teqaze muSaoba, Tojinebis keTeba. momwons aqauroba, magram saxlic menatreba,“ _ ambobs elene. skola-pansionis moswavleebi xSirad awyoben namuSevrebis gamofenas. gasul TveSi maT moawyves ga­mofena samebis sakaTedro taZarSi da kulturis sax­lSi. rogorc pansionis pedagogi q-ni ana aRniSnavs, gamofena damTvaliereblebisTvis ufaso iyo da Teqis kulturis da zogadad pansionis mos­ wav­­leTa namuSevrebis popularizacias iTvalis­wi­ nebda. ,,miuxedavad imisa, rom gamofena ufaso iyo, kulturis saxlSi Zalian didi gamoxmaureba mohyva Cvens gamofenas. Cveni mizanic es iyo, rom adgili davimkvidroT sazogadoebaSi da Semdeg ki gamofena-gayidvazec vifiqrebT. ra Tqma unda, es Tanxa isev pansions moxmardeba“‘. axlo momavalSi skola-pansionis moswavleebi isev gegmaven msgavsi RonisZiebebis Catarebas.

Teqa, rogorc tradicia da kultura saqarTvelos kuTvnilebaa. wmida keTilmsaxuri mefe Tamaris saxelobis skola-pansioni ki mis popularizacias uwyobs xels.

naTia kilasonia

gzavnili 45

reportaJi rogor movxvdi Tagos skolaSi dilaadrian wavedi sofel TagoSi im imediT, rom ojaxidan reportaJs gavakeTebdi. wina dReebSi aq ukve namyofi viyavi da vicodi, rom Zalian stu­ marTmoyvare da Tbili xalxi cxovrobs, vicodi uars ar metyodnen saubarze. winaswar SerCeuli myav­da ojaxi, romelTanac mividodi, magram adgilze mi­ suls, Cemda samwuxarod, saxlSi mxolod bavSvebi dam­xvdnen. ,,deda wasulia. naxiri unda gaereka da ar vici, rodis mova” _ mipasuxa bavSvebidan yvelaze uf­rosma. mec sxva gza aRar mqonda. vinaidan droSi Sez­Ru­­duli viyavi, vifiqre, sxva ojaxi momeZebna da maT gvasaubrebodi. gadavwyvite im gziT wavsuliyavi, romelic wina mosv­laze ar gamivlia. Cemda saubedurod, arc erT sax­lTan aravin idga, rom gavsaubrebodi. ase seirnoba-seirnobaSi aRmovCndi soflis boloSi. iqidan ula­mazesi xedi iSleboda, amitom mec fotoebis ga­ daRebas Sevyevi da verc ki SevamCnie, rogor gavida dro. isev sofelSi davbrundi im imediT, rom axla mainc damxvdeboda vinme saxlidan gamosuli. samwuxa­ rod, irgvliv isev iseTi siCume iyo. is iyo, beds Sevegue da xuloSi dabrunebas vapi­ rebdi, erT-erTi Senobis fanjridan nacnobma xmam da­miZaxa. Cveni maspinZeli raindi iyo. aRmoCnda, rom erT­sarTuliani, xis Senoba Tagos skola iyo. raindim skolaSi SemipatiJa da SesvlisTanave mivxvdi, raze Se­meZ­­lo damewera. erTsrTulian SenobaSi ramdenime klasi, kom­pi­­­ uterebisa da sportis oTaxi (sadac didi ping-pongis magida dgas) da samaswavlebloa. Sesveneba iyo, ami­ tom raindim samaswavlebloSi SemipatiJa, magram me erT-erT klasSi Sesvla varCie da vikiTxe SeiZlebo­da Tu ara gakveTils davswrebodi. rogorc vi­varaude, uari aravis uTqvams.

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raindi klasSi SemiZRva: ,,5 wuTSi maTematikis gak­veTili daewyebaT da SegiZlia daeswro”-miTxra. klasSi Ses­vlisTanave Cemsken wiTelTmiani da Worfliani go­gona gamoiqca da Camexuta. Tamriko TagoSi wina amos­vlaze gavicani. bavSvebma Cem irgvliv moiyares Ta­vi. Tamrikom yvelas gaacno Cemi Tavi da Tavis mer­xTan mimipatiJa. ,,CemTan dajeqi ra. xval, ici, Cemi da­ba­de­bis dRea, xom moxval?” sxapasxupiT momayara. Tamri­kos veubnebi, rom, samwuxarod, im dResve miwevda xu­lodan wasvla, mis gverdiT ki siamovnebiT dav­­jdebo­di. is iyo, gaigo, rom mis gverdiT vjdebo­di, saswrafod dafacurda, ukana rigebidan skami mo­itana. CanTidan naWeri amoiRo da skamze mtveri ga­dawminda, mere gaRimebuli saxiT Semomxeda da skamze mi­­miTiTa. Tamrikos gverdiT mivujeqi da saklaso oTa­xi movaTvaliere. klasSi sul eqvsi, oradgiliani mer­xi idga. kedlebze qcevis wesebi, gamravlebis tabu­la, weliwadis droebi da Tveebi, inglisuri anba­ni da sxvadasxva mwerlebis portretebi iyo gakru­li. maTematikis maswavlebelic Semovida. yvelani fex­ze wamodgnen. mec gavixsene skolis periodi da mec wamovdeqi. sanam nugzari maswavlebeli Tavis ad­ gils miuaxlovda, bavSvebma TavianTi rveulebi mer­ xze daulages. klasi kombinirebulia: mesamekla­se­ lebi da pirvelklaselebi erTad swavloben. sul 8 mos­wavlea. amaTgan xuTi mesameklaselia, xolo sami pir­velklaseli. nugzari maswavlebeli, romelsac kaS­kaSa lurji Tvalebi aqvs, jer mesameklaselebs umow­mebs davalebebs da Secdomebze umaxvilebs yurad­Rebas. Semdeg pirvelklaselebs. Cems meore mxares mjdom pirvelklasel qeTis aqebs. mas davaleba­ Si Secdoma ar dauSvia. patara qeTi, romlis fexebic ga­WirvebiT wvdeba iataks, morcxvad xris Tavs da Cu-

fotoebi: giorgi lolaSvili

mad iRimis. nugzari maswavlebeli Sesworebul rveulebs bavSvebs ubrunebs da axal Temas xsnis. me­ sameklaselebisTvis es piqtograma aRmoCnda.

Cems gverdiT mjomma Tamrikom wigni gadaSala da cxrils daxeda. Sevecade, goneba dameZaba, magram ma­­inc ver gavixsene mesame klasSi viswavle Tu ara, ro­­gor amego piqtograma. rodesac maswavlebeli axsnas morCa, mesameklaselebs davaleba misca, ro­ me­lic rveulebSi unda SeesrulebinaT. maTac fus­ fusi atexes. CanTidan saxazavebi, fanqrebi da saS­ le­lebi amoiRes da akuratulad daiwyves win. sanam mesamekalselebi piqtogramas agebdnen, mas­­wavlebeli pirvelklaselebs aTeulebis ga­ mok­lebas uxsnida. sami pirvelkaselidan, mxolod qe­Ti pasuxobda swrafad, magram sanam pasuxs xmamaRla ityoda, iqamde gulSi iTvlida da tuCebs Cumad ac­macunebda. biWebi ibneodnen da pasuxs mas­wavleblis­gan elodnen. roca zepirad gamokiTxvas morCa, nugzari maswavlebelma rig-rigobiT gaiyvana dafasTan pir­velklaselebi. pirvelad qeTi gavida. gogonas sqe­li, vardisferi kolgoti da TeTr-vardisferi fuS­fuSa kaba ecva, gaSlil TmaSi ki feradi Tmissamagrebi hqonda Camagrebuli. maswavlebelma qe­Tis magaliTi ukarnaxa. qeTic TiTis wverebze Sed­ga da ise daiwyo wera. nugzari maswavlebeli gaexumra: ,,qeTi, xom xedav ver wvdebi, ratom iwvaleb Tavs. cota dabla dawere”. qeTim mxolod ga­ uRi­ma da wera ganagrZo. cota xnis fiqris Semdeg swo­ri pasuxi dawera. roca nugzari maswavlebelma sTxova aexsna, Tu ratom dawera es pasuxi, qeTim mor­cxvad, magram sxvapasxupiT gasca pasuxi. qeTis Sem­deg biWebi gavidnen dafasTan. ar vici, Cemi rcxve­nodaT, Tu zogadadac aseTi dabneulebi ari­an, magram verc erTma maTganma ver moaxerxa koncentracia da maT kiTxvebze pasuxi isev qeTim

gas­ca. sanam pirvelklaselebi aTeulebis gamoklebiT iyvnen dakavebulebi, mesameklaselebma piq­ togramis ageba daasrules da axmaurdnen. gak­ ve­Tilis droc nel-nela iwureboda. nugzari mas­wavlebelma saTiTaod Camoaura yvelas da Secdo­mebze miuTiTa. zaric daireka, magram bavSvebi ar amdgaran. nugzari maswavlebeli pirvelkla­ selebs davalebas uwerda dafaze. Tamrikom yurSi Cam­CurCula: ,,Cven Tu ar SevaxseneT, aviwydeba xolme davalebis mocema”. nugzari maswavlebels mar­Tlac aviwydeboda mesameklaselebisTvis davalebis micema, rom ara TviTon bavSvebi. Tamrikom ukve karSi mdgar mawavlebels Seaxsena, rom davaleba ar miucia maTTvis. nugzari maswavlebelic mobrunda da dafaze davalebis nomrebi Camowera. me qeTisTan mivedi da Sevaqe. nugzari maswavlebelic iqve idga da miTxra: ,,qeTi yvelaze Wkviani gvyavs. yvelaferi saxlSi iswavla da ise movida skolaSi. leqsebic bevri icis, magram axla albaT Sercxveba da ar ityvis”. qeTi marTlac gawiTlebuli idga da xmas ar iRebda. miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela gakveTili damTavrebuli iyo, bavSvebi Sin wasvlas ar Cqarobdnen. gogonebi dafasTan idgnen da TamaSobdnen. biWebi wynarad isxdnen da erTmaneTs elaprakebdonen Cemi wasvlis droc movida. bavSvebs davem­ Svidobe da samaxsovro fotoebic gadaviReT. sko­ lidan gamosuli vfiqrobdi imaze, rom dawye­biT klasebSi mec miyvarda maTematika, magram mere ga­ ur­kveveli mizeziT me da maTematikam SevwyviteT me­gobroba, SeiZleba iTqvas mtrebadac ki viqeciT. vfiq­robdi imazec, Tu rogor gadaiqca Cemi reportaJi ,,erTi dRe xuloelis saxlSi” _ reportaJad skolidan.

fiqria fiCxaZe

gzavnili 47

foto:ebi: giorgi lolaSvili

erTaderTi gza garesamyarosTan evropaSi meore, unikaluri xulo-Tagos 1719 metriani sabagiro gzis monakveTis gavlisas, mnaxvelis mxedvelobis areSi eqceva daba xulosa da misi mimdebare soflis ganumeorebeli silamaze. sabagiro gza erTaderTia, rac Tagos mosaxleobas garesamyarosTan akavSirebs. sabagiros mSeneblobas ideis dabadebas da Semdeg mis ganviTarebas ki didi istoria aqvs.

48 gzavnili

xuloelebi sabagiro gzas „fostalions” unda umadlodnen. swored gazeTebis damtareblis meSveobiT Seityo xulom sabagiros arsebobis Sesaxeb. maSindel gazeT ,,komunistSi“ dawerilma statiam TbilisSi arsebul sabagiro gzis Sesaxeb, xuloSi didi sensacia gamoiwvia. xuloelebisTvis es erTaderTi imedi iyo, rom mosaxleobas gadaadgilebisTvis Sesabamisi satranporto saSualeba eqneboda da aRar mouwevdaT saxifaTo da rTulad misadgomi gziT mgzavroba. xulos maSindelma sammarTvelos ufrosmac ar dayovna da xulosTvis sabagiro gzis moTxovniT maSinve gagzavna TbilisSi delegacia. TbilisSi Casul warmomadgenlebs sixaruliT Sexvdnen da Tavadac didi interesi gamoiCines am sakiTxis mimarT. xuloSi gamogzavnes specialistebi, romlebmac Seamowmes xulos reliefi. geologiuri daskvnis Sedegad mizanSewonilad miiCnies xulosTvis gadaecaT sabagiro gza da daewyoT mSenebloba.

1979 wels dawyebuli sabagiro gzis mSenebloba 1985 wels damTavrda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mosaxleobam am gzis dasrulebiT normalur da usafrTxo garemoSi daiwyo cxovreba. sabagiros daarsebam axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas Seuwyo xeli. sabagiros pirveli ufrosi gaxda merab TavarTqilaZe. is sabagiros 1988 wlamde ganagebda. unda aRiniSnos, rom sabagiros daarseba mo­saxleobisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda da mudam eqneba. sabagiro erTaderTia, romelic Tagos mosaxleobas gadaadgilebisTvis xelsayrel pirobebs sTavazobs. „28 welia rac sabagiros ufrosi var, am xnis ganmavlobaSi ar maxsovs raime seriozuli incidenti momxdariyos sabagiroTi mgzavrebis usafrTxod gadaadgilebasTan dakavSirebiT. Tu ar gavixsenebT 90-ian wlebSi momxdar erT SemTxvevas. mogexsenebaT im periodSi, qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime mdgomareois gamo eleqtroenergia cudad miewodeboda qveyanas. moxda ise, rom Sua zamTarSi, yinvasa da siciveSi Suqi Caqra da mgzavrebiT savse sabagiro gaCerda. xuTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi gaCerebuli iyo, manam sanam Suqi ar CairTo da sabagiro ar amoZravda“ _ gviambo sabagiros ufrosma revaz bolqvaZem. marTalia es incidenti wlebis win moxda da umsxverplodac dasrulda, magram dRes erTi Tvalis SevlebiTac Cans, rom sabagiros ganaxleba esaWiroeba. rac unda usafrTxo da sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani iyos mosaxleobisTvis gadaadgilebis es saSualeba, unda iTqvas, rom xulos sabagiro saerTaSoriso standartebs ar eqvemdebareba da saWiroebs garemontebas. rogorc sabagiros ufrosma revaz bolqvaZem gviTxra, uaxloes momavalSi xulos sabagiro ganaxldeba. gamoyofilia Tanxebi da Sesabamisi teqnikuri masalac aqvT. „sabagiros drodadro remonti utardeba, gasul wels gamwevi bagiri Seicvala, wels ki marTvis sistemasa da vagons vcvliT. gamocxadebu-

lia aseve tenderi axali sabagiros mSeneblobis Sesaxeb“.

TagoelebisTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani gadaadgilebis saSualeba ganrigiT muSaobs da misi muSaobis saaTebi gansazRvrulia. sabagiro dilis cxris naxevridan iwyebs muSaobas da pirvelze wyvets. sam saaTze isev aaxlebs da saRamos Svid saaTamde muSaobs. soflis mosaxleobisTvis mgzavroba 20 TeTri Rirs, xolo Tu vinmem marto gadawyvita mgzavroba, am SemTxvevaSi is mTliani vagonisas ixdis. Tumca iSviaTia iseTi SemTxveva, roca vinme marto gaadaadgildeba am transportiT, miTumetes turisti - Tu ginda gaicno xulo, es mosaxleobis gacnobiT unda daiwyo. mTeli xibli xom swored imaSi mdgomareobs, rom adgilobrivebTan erTad imgzavro, gaigo meti tradiciebis, gasaWiris Tu stumarTmoyvareobis Sesaxeb.

salome quTaTelaZe

gzavnili 49

kultura

,,gadavwyvite, Cemi aWaris cxovreba amesaxa"

simon arTmelaZe pirveli mTieli mxatvaria, romelmac Tbilisis samxatvro akademia daamTavra. xulos samxatvro galeriis gaxsna swored mis saxelsa da Semoqmedebas ukavSirdeba. galerea 2002 wlis 25 aprils maSindeli kulturis ministris Teimuraz kobaxiZis dax­marebiT gaixsna. galereaSi qedis, Suaxevisa da xulos mxatvrebis namuSevrebi miita­nes. pirvel gamofenas, romelzec zemo aWaris mxatvarTa namuSevrebi iyo warmod­ genili, sxvadasxva qalaqis mxatvrebi, aseve sesili gogiberiZe da saqarTvelos kul­ turis ministri daeswrnen. mas Semdeg, xulos galerea funqcionirebs. iq ZiriTadad qedis, Suaxevis da xulos mxatvrebis namuSevrebia warmodgenili. galereaSi aris 74 eqsponati, maT Soris 38 ferweruli tilo, 9 qandakeba, 15 gobeleni da aseve gamoyene­ biTi xelovnebis nimuSebi. 2002 wlidan galereaSi tardeba, rogorc adgilobrivi ase­ ve bavSvTa namuSevrebis gamofena. galereaSi aseve iyo gamofenili baTumis xelov­ nebis universitetis studentebis sadiplomo namuSevrebi, romlebic ZiriTadad Te­atralur dekoraciebs moicavda. warmodgenili iyo TiTo studentis 4 namuSevari.

„2 000-mde suraTi maqvs daxatuli. 23 wlis viyavi, rodesac pirvelad seriozu­ lad daviwye am Temaze fiqri. xatva CemTvis yvelafers niSnavs, me ver warmomidgenia, sxva rames Tu gavakeTeb awi da aqamdec ase iyo, es ukve saqmianobad, profesiad meq­ca. aris dReebi, rodesac dilidanve vxa­tav xolme ise, rom dros saerTod ver vgrZnob. Tu firosmanma kaxeTis Temaze imu­Sava da aRwera mTeli kaxeTis cxovreba, me gadavwyvite Cemi aWaris cxovreba ame­saxada darCeniliyo Cems mrevlSi. ga­ lereaSi aseve warmodgenilia Cemi ojaxis namuSevrebic.

50 gzavnili

2002 weli xulos aRorZinebis weli iyo. Cemi namuSevrebi aris Tbilisis erov­ nul galereaSi, samegreloSi... amerikaSi erT-erT cnobil galereaSi Cemi xuTi na­­muSevaria. aTi personaluri gamofena ga­vakeTe, es iqneba meTerTmete Cemi sa­ iubi­­leo, romelic ivnisisTvis aris da­ geg­­­mili. dResac vaswavli samxatvro sko­laSi. akademiis ToTxmeti kursdam­ Tav­­re­bulia Cemi yofili moswavle, ro­ mel­­Ta suraTebic galereaSia. am bolos gadavwyvite, vaJa-fSavelas poemebidan, leqsebidan strofebi amomeRo da am strofebis mixedviT naxati

Semeqmna „gamoRmiT me var gaRma – Sen, Sua Camodis mdinare“ - es strofi tiloze avsaxe,”–gviTxra simon arTmelaZem. galereis direqtoris badri arTmelaZes TqmiT, galereas xSirad stumrobs rogorc adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, aseve turistebic, romlebic did interess iCenen naxatebis mimarT. ,,xulos galerea aris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgili, rac xuloSi Camosulma stumarma namdvilad unda naxos. galerea muzeumis saxes ar atarebs, Tumca aq gvaqvs samuzeumo eqsponatebi. is namuSevrebi, romlebic darbazSia, arc gaCuqebas eqvemdebareba da arc gayidvas, is galeriis sakuTrebaa. roca tardeba saSemodgomo da sagazafxulo gamofenebi, masSi yovelTvis viReb monawileobas. 1985 wlidan, mamaCemis Semdeg, meore viyavi, vinc xulodan maSindeli sabWoTa mxatvarTa kavSiris wevri gavxdi. mas Semdeg var saqarTvelos samxatvro kavSiris wevri. ZiriTadad vmuSaob ferweraSi, Cems naSromebSi aris TiTqmis mTeli raionis peizaJi. weliwadSi, daaxloebiT 4-5 personaluri gamofenasTan erTad, tardeba adgilobrivi mxatvrebis gamofenac.. iseve, rogorc galerea, gamofenebebic saxelmwifo biujetidan finansdeba, Tumca es biujeti sakmarisi mainc ar aris. baTumSi aris samxatvro saloni, sadac vabarebT Cvens namuSevrebs da iq iyideba. yvelaze didi, rac Cems namuSevrebSi amiRia, 3000 dolari iyo. yofila SemTxvev,a xatva damiwyia TiTqmis damTavrebuli iyo, ar momwonebia da wamiSlia” - ambobs mxatvari badri arTmelaZe. galereaSi aris STabeWdilebis wigni, sadac iq misul nebismier stumars saSualeba aqvs Caweros Tavisi STabeWdileba galereaSi daTvalierebuli namuSevrebis Sesaxeb.

xatia lelaZe

gzavnili 51

xulos ,,margalitebi” qarTuli tradiciuli musika-gansacvifrebeli mravalxmianoba- Serwymulia arqaul musikalur enasa da originalur unikalur harmoniasTan. qarTuli sasimRero folklori da cekva yovelTvis udides gavlenas axdenda ucxoelebze. saqarTvelos musikaluri folkloris mSvenebaa aWaris xalxuri mravalxmianoba, romelmac iseTi Zveli qarTuli simRerebi Semogvinaxa, danarCen saqarTveloSi rom aRar mogvepoveba. aWaris mTianeTSi daibada qarTuli qoreografiis ,,margalitebi”: simRerisa da cekvis ansambli „xulo“ , qoreografiuli ansambli „argineTi“ da „bermuxa“. simRerisa da cekvis ansambli „xulo“ arc ise di­di xnis aris. ansambli Tavdapirvelad 80 wevrisagan Sedgeboda. masSi mamakacebTan erTad man­ dilosne­bic iyvnen gaerTianebuli. Semdeg ansam­bli daiSala da dRes mxolod Svidi mamakaci­sagan Sedge-

vgrZnobT. es yvelaze didi stimuli da warmatebis sawindaria ansamblisaTvis“. _ gviTxra man.

Semsruleblebi aqtiur monawileobas iReben raionSi gamarTul RonisZiebebSi, maT ukve daimsaxures mayureblis didi pativiscema da siyvaruli.

ba. isini xalxur simRerebs asruleben. saqarTvelo sxva­dasxvaAkuTxeSi koncertebsa da festivalebSi iRe­ben monawileobas. ansamblis xel­mZRvaneli beg­ lar dekanaZea. qoreografiuli ansambli „argineTi“, ro­mel­ Sic 80 bavSvia gaerTianebuli, 2010 wels Seiqmna. an­ samblis SeqmnaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis guram bol­ qvaZes. rogorc Tavad gviTxra, misi didi survi­li iyo, iseTi ansamblis Seqmna, romelic Zalian war­ ma­te­buli da cnobili iqneboda. „vfiqrob, rom is survi­lebi, romlebic ansambls ukavSirdeboda amix­da, radgan marTlac sakmaod warmatebuli ansambli gvaqvs. is warmatebebi, romlebsac Cven mivaR­ wieT, sakmaod didi wvalebisa da Sromis Sedegia. va­pirebT, rom kvlav am tempiT gavagrZeloT muSaoba da didi imedi maqvs, xalxidan im siyvarulsa da siTbos ormagad davimsaxurebT, romelsac axla

ansambl „argineTs“ araerTxel miuRia monawileoba Tbilissa da baTumSi gamarTul festivalebSi. 2012 wels TurqeTis qalaq izmirSi gamarTul saerTaSo­ riso festivalze „argineTis“ warmatebiT gamosvla imdenad STambeWdavi iyo, rom mimdinare wels sa­organizacio komitetma xulos kulturis centris folkloruli ansambli kvlav miiwvia festi­ valSi monawileobis misaRebad. saqarTvelos qo­ re­­ografiis moRvaweTa SemoqmedebiTi kavSiris gam­geobis 2012 wlis dadgenilebiT, xulos bavSvTa folklorul ansambl argineTs „sanimuSo-sabavSvo (saxalxo) qoreografiuli ansamblis wodeba” mieniWa. amave wels bavSvTa TviTmoqmedi koleqtivebis daTvalierebaSi monawile 80-ansambls Soris `argineTma~ sapatio me-3 adgili daikava. rac Seexeba, saqarTveloSi saxelganTqmul ,,bermuxas”, is xulos centrTan arsebuli uxucesTa

52 ansambli: xulo

ansambli: bermuxa

an­samblia, romelic 1985 wels Seiqmna. misi xelmZRvaneli avTandil bolqvaZea. rogorc ,,bermuxas” wevrebi gviyvebian, aseTi saxelwodeba ansambls uxu­cesi wevrebis gamo daarqves. amJamad is 9 wevrisagan Sedgeba. yvelaze umcrosi 67 wlisaa, xolo uxucesi 91 wlis. aRsaniSnavia, rom ansambls ar hyavs qoreografi, isini repeticiebs TiTqmis arasdros atareben, garda gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa.

Aansamblis xelmZRvaneli avTandil bolqvaZe gvi­yveba, rom ,,bermuxas” TiToeul wevrs Tavisi sa­firmo ileTi aqvs, romelic TavianTi winaprebisgan iswavles da axla cdiloben qarTuli cekvebi mo­maval Taobas Seaswavlon. is gvesaubreba im gza­zec, romelic ansamblama Tavisi daarsebis dRidan gaiara. M avTandil bolqvaZis TqmiT, im dros, roca ber­muxa Camoyalibda erovnul folklors imde­ nad didi yuradReba ar eqceoda da ansamblis wev­rebi mxolod RonisZiebebze gamodiodnen: ,,pir­veli gastroli yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qve­ynebSi moewyo, sadac ,,bermuxam” Zalian didi

da dResac ganvagrZob. avadac rom viyo da musikis xma gavigo, maSinve cekvis dawyeba mindeba xolme.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom cekva Cemi cxovrebaa. Mmindoda, Cemi gamocdileba axali TaobisTvisac gameziarebina da skolaSi daviwye cekvis maswavleblad muSaoba. me ansamblSi yvelaze gvian, daaxloebiT 4 wlis win movedi da didi SemarTebiT ganvagrZob moRvaweobas mis wevrebTan erTad.“ ansamblis erT-erT warmatebad SeiZleba Ca­ iTvalos saxalxo proeqt „niWierSi“ monawile­oba. ,,bermuxa” ufro metad gaicno da Seiyvara xal­xma. maT proeqtSi cekva „gandagana“ Seasrules, ro­ melmac aRafrTovana rogorc Jiuri da darbazSi myofi sazogadoeba, aseve mTlianad saqarTvelo. miuxedavad uamravi dapirebisa maTi honorari dabalia, magram ansamblis yvela wevri ma­ inc didi enTuziazmiT agrZelebs moRvaweobas, rad­gan maTive TqmiT, yvelaze didi mizania, momaval Taobas gadascen tradiciuli, „ZirZveli“ cekvebi: „niWierSi monawileobis Semdeg gaizarda mayureblis interesi da siyvaruli, rac CvenTvis

mo­woneba daimsaxura. ansamblSi Tavidanve 80 wels ga­daSorebuli adamianebi iyvnen gawevrianebuli. dRe­sdReobiT 9 wevria darCenili, sadac yvelaze patara 67 wlis xolo yvelaze uxucesi 91 wlisaa, mag­ram maT imxela energia da SemarTeba aqvT, rom axal­gazrdebsac ki SeSurdebaT.” ansambl ,,bermuxas” araerTi jildo auRia. sa­qarTveloSi gamarTul TiTqmis yvela festi­ valSi aqvT monawileoba miRebuli. 2009 wels mi­ eniWa folkloris erovnuli premia da laureatis wo­deba, xolo gastrolebi araerT qveyanaSi hqonda: ukrainaSi, TurqeTSi, safrangeTsa da somxeTSi, sadac didi mowoneba daimsaxures. ansamblis yvelaze umcrosi wevri 67 wlis re­zo abulaZe ixsenebs: ,,cekviT baSvobidanve vcekvav, 4 wlis viyavi, rodesac cekva daviwye. cekva mamam maswavla. vcekvavdi studentobisas

im jildoebze Zvirfasia, rac ki odesme migviRia. Zalian bednierebi varT, rodesac xalxisgan amxela siTbosa da siyvaruls vgrZnobT, Cveni mTavari mizania, mSobliuri kuTxis sacekvao folkloris Senaxva da momavali TaobisaTvis gadacema.“ gviTxra batonma rezom. marTlac, SeuZlebelia, maTi yurebisas udi­desi siTboTi da sixaruliT ar aRivso. Aam uxu­cesTa SemarTeba, energia da Rrma grZnobiT gad­mocemuli cekva ginelebs siberisa da sikv­di­ lisadmi yovelgvar SiSs. galaRebs, tanSi sasi­mov­ nod gcris da grZnob qarTul amaRlebul suls, romelic swored im folklorSi igrZnoba yve­ laze metad, romelic ,,bermuxas” udidesi enTuziazmiT moaqvs Cvenamde.

lika CaCua

53 ansambli: argineTi

ansambli: bermuxa

mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi mnaxvelTa mzeris miRma xulos mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi 1983 wlidan funqcionirebs. muzeums bev­ri problemebi hqonda, gansakuTrebiT 1990-ian wlebSi. araerTxel Seucvales mi­samarTi da bolos gauqmebac emuqreboda. dResdReobiT arsebuli mravali prob­­lemis miuxedavad muzeumi dRemde ganagrZobs arsebobas.

gzavnili xulos mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis administaciaSi amboben imasac, rom muzeumi infrastruq­ turul gamarTvasac saWiroebs.

Casatarebelia restavracia, rom­ lis gakeTebac adgilobrivi xar­ jebiT ver xerxdeba. ,,bolo pe­ riodSi xelisufleba gvpirdeba muzeumisTvis damatebiTi xarjebis gamoyofas, riTac vapirebT, Seno­ bis restavrirebas, muzeumis axa­ li eqsponatebiT gamdidrebas da Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba, muzeu­ mis TanamSromlebisaTvis sakmaod mwiri xelfasis gazrdas'' - ambobs muzeumis direqtori.

54 gzavnili

muzeumi... adgili, romelic istoriis, kulturis, xelovnebis xsovnas uzrunelyofs da Tvalsa­Cinos xdis warsulis memkvidreobas, is dRes xulos raionSi Tavad xde­ba daviwyebis sagani. ro­gorc aRmoCnda,Mmis arsebobas iviwyebs sax­lmwifoc da damTvalierebelic. uamrav problemaTa Soris, ro­melic xulos mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi arsebobs, kulturis cen­tris direqtoris, avTandil bol­­qvaZis TqmiT, erT-erTi sa­xel­m­wifos mxridan arasaTanado da­­finansebaa. rogorc man CvenTan sa­ubarSi ganacxada, saWiroa, mu­ze­umma mosaxleobisgan Seisyidos sxva­ dasxva saeqsponato nivTebi, ra­­ sac garkveuli Tanxa sWirdeba. ,,xu­los mosaxleobaSi dResac Se­mor­Cenilia RirsSesaniSnavi niv­Te­­bi, romlebic regionis kultu­rul Rirsebaze miuTiTebs. am eq­­sponatebis Segroveba, Sesyidva did TanxebTan aris dakavSirebuli, muzeums ki dRes amis fufuneba ar aqvs.” – gviTxra man. avTandil bolqvaZis TqmiT, didi problemaa isic, rom muzeumi da­mTvaliereblebis naklebobas ganicdis. miuxedavad imisa, rom iq Sesvla sruliad ufasoa. damTvaliereblebis naklebobas muzeumis direqtori imiT xsnis, rom adamianebi, visac erTxel ukve daTvalierebuli

aqvT muzeumi da ician iq ganTavsebuli eqsponatebis Sesaxeb, meored mosvlis SemTxvevaSi isini siaxles elodebian, romelsac muzeumi jerjerobiT finansebis ararsebobis gamo ver sTa­vazobs: ,,kulturis centri yve­lafers akeTebs muzeumis arse­bobisTvis. aq ki mTavari damTvali­ere­belia. sxalTis muzeumSi buk­letebi gavakeTeT. masSi gar­kve­­uli informaciaa mocemuli, ro­­me­lic Sexedulebas uqmnis mnaxvels. bukletebi Cven davarigeT yve­­ la sofelSi, skolebSi. msgavsi buk­letebis gakeTebas mxareTmcodneobis muzeumzec vgegmavT. es aris erTgvari reklama, romliTac vcdilobT damTvaliereblebis mo­­zidvas.~ - aRniSna batonma avTan­dil­ma CvenTan saubarSi. xulos mxareTmcodneobis mu­ze­umis administaciaSi amboben ima­sac, rom muzeumi infrastruqturul gamarTvasac saWiroebs.

Ca­satarebelia restavracia, rom­lis gakeTebac adgilobrivi xar­jebiT ver xerxdeba. ,,bolo pe­riodSi xelisufleba gvpirdeba muzeumisTvis damatebiTi xarjebis gamoyofas, riTac vapirebT, Senobis restavrirebas, muzeumis axali eqsponatebiT gamdidrebas da Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba, muzeumis TanamSromlebisaTvis sakmaod mwiri xelfasis gazrdas.” – ambobs muzeumis direqtori.

muzeumisaTvis aseve erT-erT problemas warmoadgens, is, rom iq arsebuli eqponatebi daTariRebuli ar aris, Tumca kulturis centris direqtoris TqmiT, elodebian mecniermuSakebs, specialistebs TurqeTidan, romlebic eqponatebs detalurad Seiswavlian. nana SanTaZe muzeumis sami TanamSromelidan erT-erTia. is xulos mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis wamyvani specialistia. CvenTan saubarSi qalbatoni nana ambobs, rom ganvlil periodTan SedarebiT, DdRes ukeTesi situaciaa. Tumca, misi TqmiT, arsebobs uamravi problema, romelTa mogvarebac muzemisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa: ,,muzeumis Senobas saswarfod esaWiroeba remonti, aseve ganvicdiT turistebis naklebobasac, Tumca, sami welia damTvaliereblebi sxvadasxva regionebidan stumroben Cvens muzeums. dRe ar gava erTi-ori mnaxveli mainc rom ar movides. amas, ra Tqma unda, xels is uwyobs, rom muzeumSi Semosvla ufasoa. sakmaod dabali anazRaurebis mi­ uxedavad, muzeumis wamyvani specialis­ ti ambobs, rom kmayofilia da Tavis or TanamSromelTan erTad didi enTuzi­ azmiT ganagrZobs sayvarel saqmianobas: ,,bednierebaa, rodesac im istoriis SenaxvaSi iReb monawileobas, romelsac di­di mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni regionis kulturis ganviTarebisaTvis,“- ambobs igi. xulos mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi 580 STambeWdavi eqsponati inaxeba. mu­zeumis ZiriTadi koleqciaa: numizmatika, eTnografia, da arqeologia. muzeumSi inaxeba: kevri, jilRa, tyvia-wamlis Sesanaxi, qoregi, havani, fexsagebi, xokeri da a.S. • kevri- puris TavTavis gasalewi instrumenti • jilRa- pirveli saxnavi guTani • qoregi- samWedloSi iyenebdnen cecxlis asanTebad • havani- Tambaqos dasaWreli • fexsagebi- xaliCa, romelic damzadebulia simindis fuCeCiT • xokeri- xexilis dasakrefi

xokeri

kevri

havani

lela CanTaZe

gzavnili 55

tradicia

,,mainc qarTvelad davrCebi!”

Tbilisidan xulomde sakmaod grZeli da damRleli gzaa. Tumca, im dRes gancdebma TiTqos daamokla is. vijeqi da vuyurebdi, rogor swrafad icvleboda panorama fanjris miRma. TavSi ki istoriis wignSi wakiTxuli moxuci aWarelis naambobi mitrialebda: ,,aWaraSi gamahmadianebis saqme erTob gaZnelebula. zogierTi moxucebuli kacebi da nametur dedakacebi qristianobaze mtkiced idgnen da Tan osmalos mola-xojebsac ekamaTebodnen da edavebodnen. aseT moxucebulTa ricxvi aWaraSi didi yofila. bolos mTavrobisgan aseTi brZaneba gamosula, rom yvela egeni daiWireT da gaamahmadianeT, Tu ar gamahmadiandnen, mere daxoceTo”. yvelaferi XVIsaukuneSi daiwyo. roca aWara osmaleTma dai pyro, misi gaTavisufleba mxolod 1877-1878 wlebis Semdeg gaxda SesaZlebeli. 1878 wels aWara isev saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi Sevida. axla me am kuTxis tradiciebiT vinteresdebi _ ra Semoinaxes am saocarma xalxma adrindelic xovrebidan, riT gamoirCevian danarCeni kuTxeebisgan, rogor esaubrebian winaprebsa da STamomavlebs.

TagoSi erTerT ojaxSi diasaxlisma gulRiad Semi patiJa. ...xis saxli, kedlebze xaliCebi, patara Tvalebi interesiT maTvalierebdnen. magidasTan davsxediT, didxans vsaubrobdiT sxva­ dasxva Temebze, roca tradiciebs SevexeT, pir­ veli, rac gaaxsenda ,,SuamToba” iyo. gviTxra, rom ,,igi uZvelesi dResaswaulia da mTis samuSao­ ebis sezonis Sua periods niSnavs. zafxulSi mec­ xo­ ve­ leebi pirutyvs mierekebian mTaSi da iqve rCebian manam, sanam siciveebi ar daiwyeba. rodesac barSi dar­ Cenili mSromelebi ZiriTad samuSaos morCebi­ an, anu droebiT mSvidad amosunTqvis saSualebas mis­ cemen sakuTar Tavs, ori-sami dRiT midian mTaSi Ta­visianebis mosanaxuleblad. aseTi Sexvedrebi droTa ganmvlobaSi saerTo-saxalxo dResaswaulad gadaiqca. am dResaswauls ZiriTadad im mTebze marTaven, sadac mesaqonleobis sazafxulo saZovrebi aqvT. misi monawileebi erTamaneTs ejibrebian SairebSi, xalxuri sakrevebis - Conguris, fanduris, Wianuris dakvraSi, simReraSi, cekvaSi da sxvadasxva saxis sportul SejibrebebSi”.... gviambobs igi. aq kidev erTi tradiciuli dResaswauli hqoniaT _ ,,tbeloba”, romlis istoriac ase iwyeba: ,,laSa-giorgis mefobis periodSi, daaxloebiT 1190-1240wlebSi, cxovrobda da moRvaweobda xixaTa erisTavis Ze, gamoCenili moazrovne, mecnier-astronomi, abuseriZe tbeli, romelmac Seqmna istoriuli Sromebi. mis pativsacemad aqaurma mcxovreblebma Sromisa da dasvenebis dResaswauls misi saxeli ,,tbeloba” uwodes. maspinZelTan saubris bolos yvelaze tkivilian TemasESevexeT:,,ra Cveni brali iyo osmaloba?!

Cven xom ar dagvikargavs qveynis siyvaruli?! ZaldatanebiT Segvicvales religia, isic ojaxisa da qarTvelobis gadasarCenad. Svidi Taoba gagrZelda es yvelaferi. Svidi Taoba Cven araferi dagvi-

56 gzavnili

kargavs. gviyvars samSoblo. Cven qarTvelebi varT. argvinda vigrZnoT Tavi gariyulad. Cven ar unda vagoT pasuxi!” miTxra maspinZelma qalbatonma.

Cvens saubarSi studenti mamuka zaqaraS­ vili CaerTo da dasZina, rom aq yvelaferi qar­ Tu­lia.`ai, magaliTad, enaSi iseTi Zveli sityvebia Se­morCenili, rasac sxvebi aRar iyeneben.,,CvenTan ai­vans tantravas an samzeurs eZaxian. maxsendeba ki­dev is, rom ,,zalas”Wavaqs veZaxiT. miuxedavad yve­lafrisa, 300-wliani uRelisa, enis siwminde

yvelaze kargad davicaviT”. gza ganvagrZeT da soflis centrSi meCeTTan mivediT. aqve gverdiT _ erTsarTuliani xis skola dgas da yovelTvis xalxmravlobaa. Zalian Tbilad gviRimodnen soflis mcxovrebni, gvaCerebdnen, gviRimodnen, gvekiTxebodnen, raze vwerdiT. Cvenc vpasuxobdiT. yvela Tema gansxvavebuli iyo da maTi reaqciebic Sesabamisad gansxvavdeboda. roca jeri Cemze modioda, veubnebodi, rom vwerdi tradiciebze, uceb mawyvetinebden da meubnebodnen: ,,tradiciebi, tradiciebi kargia. dawere rom stumari gviyvars, kide is, rom ufros-umcrosoba viciT”.Mmere, roca veubnebodi, rom muslim qarTvelebze da SenarCunebul qarTvelobazec mindoda meTqva erTi ori sityva, saxeze Rimili uqrebodaT, uxerxulad iSmuSnebodnen, kiTxvaze pasuxisgan Tavs ikavebdnen...Tu mainc rames metyodnen, mTxovdnen, rom maTi saxeli da gvari ar damewera. ,,roca muslimebze saubrobT, gaiTvaliswineT, rom problemaze saubrobT. me qarTveli muslimi var,“ _miTxra erTma da Tan wyeniT daayola: ,,bevri zurgs ukan ,,TaTars” meZaxis. am droSi sarwmunoeba erovnebis ganmsazRvreli ar unda iyos. rwmena adamianis arCevania, Tumca Cven es arCevani ar gvqonia. me Svilebi mezrdeba da maT arCevanis saSualebas vaZlev. Cems

gzavnili ,,qali da deda. aman iTamaSa didi roli. deda rasac Caunergavs Svils, rasac aswavlis is gadadis mere Taobebze. ase SevinarCuneT ena, qveynis siyvaruli, qarTveloba. maxsovs deda­ Cemi yovel aRdgomas kvercxebs SeRe­ bavda, rom vekiTxebodi, ratom-meTqi, madliao, ase mpasuxobda. purze jvars asvamda, ver xsnida ratom, magram dedamisisgan icoda, rom madli iyo. es dRemde asea''.

saxlSi yuranis gverdiT saxareba devs.aba, vinme Semedaros qarTvelobaSi...’’. ,,aq aravis gviyvars Svilo Turqebi”_ miTxra iqve mdgarma qalma da Tvali amarida (TiTqos Tavs imarTlebda). uxerxulobis dasaZlevad kiTxvis Secvla vcade _ ,,rogor fiqrobT, mainc ram ganapiroba is, rom am uRlidan Tavis daRwevis Semdeg ena, qarTuli faseulobebi ase kargad SeinarCuneT?” cotaxnis siCumis Semdeg pasuxic movismine: ,,qali da deda. aman iTamaSa didi roli. deda rasac Caunergavs Svils, rasac aswavlis is gadadis mere Taobebze. ase SevinarCuneT ena, qveynis siyvaruli, qarTveloba. maxsovs dedaCemi yovel aRdgomas kvercxebs SeRebavda, rom vekiTxebodi, ratom-meTqi, madliao, ase mpasuxobda. purze jvars asvamda, ver xsnida ratom, magram dedamisisgan icoda, rom madli iyo. es dRemde asea”. am saubarSi gavida dro. ukan dabrunebuli, karga xans vdumdi...vixsendebdi am qalebs, kacebs, bavSvebs da mixaroda, rom isini dRes aq cxovroben... roca maT usmen, xvdebi,Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs am CvenTvis TiTqos arafrismTqmel, ubralo detalebs. maTi cxovreba swored aseTi, erTi SexedviT umniSvnelo detalebisgan Sedgeba, romlebsac sixaruli da zogjer tkivili moaqvs TiToeuli maTganisTvis.

ana kakuria

gzavnili 57

gemrieli receptebi maRalmTiani aWaridan...

sironi

borano

kaimaRi

58 gzavnili

cnobilia, rom kerZebis ti pi da maTi momzadebis teqnologia xalxis kulturul istorias asaxavs. saqarTvelo kerZebis mravalferovnebiT ganTqmuli qveyanaa.

SesaZloa,EerTi da imave kerZis saxelwodeba sxvadasxva kuTxeSi ganmeordes, Tumca Semadgenloba, momzadebis procesi da gemo sxvanairi iyos. cnobilia, rom aWaruli samzareulo yvelaze mravalferovania, kerZebis saxelebic gansxvavebulia. aWaraSi, kerZod ki mTian regionebSi, rZis produqti Warbobs, amitomac kerZebic ZiriTadad rZis produqtisagan mzaddeba. zogadad, am kuTxeSi saxeldaxelo kerZebis didi simravlea. maT sias ganekuTneba borano, sironi, naRvibora, hasuTa, kaimaRi. es im kerZebis mcire CamonaTvalia, romelic yvelaze martivi da swrafi mosamzadebelia. aWaris patara raionic ki sakmarisia imisTvis, rom gaigo am kuTxisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tradiciuli samzareulos specifika. maRalmTian aWaraSi, konkretulad xuloSi, bevri tradiciuli kerZia da dResac stumrebTan am kerZebiT Tavs iwoneben. tradiciuli kerZebis warmoSobis dro da istoria gaurkvevelia, radgan xulos mcxovrebTa umetesoba ver azustebs TariRs, Tu rodis da rogor Seiqmna es kerZebi. maT sxvadasxva kerZis receptebi ZiriTadad bebiebisgan da dedebisgan ergoT. rogorc aRmoCnda, kerZebis momzadeba aq erTi didi ritualia... gTavazobT ramdenime tradiciuli kerZis momzadebis recepts: borano - karaqSi Camdnari CeCili yveli, agreTve kaimaRSi CafSvnili axali yveli, sironi da yuruTi. yuruTi - warmoadgens naduRis gamSral kverebs, romlebSic damatebulia marili da mWadis fqvili.

Sinori - romelsac maRal mTaSi sironsac uwodeben. ufuari comisgan gamomcxvari Txeli fenebiT mzaddeba, romlebsac winaswar acxoben da inaxaven, saWiro dros ki gamoiReben, daalboben cota cxel wyalSi, moasxamen naduRs, mawonSi areul niorsa da erbos, moayrian marils da cota xniT cecxlze dadgamen. naduRs xaWoTic anacvleben. arsebobs sironis tkbili variantic - Saqris vaJiniT, erboTi da nigvziT. izileba Cveulebrivi comi wyalze. patara burTulebs abrtyeleben da Zalian Txel, sifrifana fenebad gahyavT. Semdeg am fenebs afenen gaxurebuli Rumelis zedapirze da orive mxridan ‘apiwkineben. amis Semdeg ki saswrafod axveven ruletiviT da da daaxloebiT ori TiTis dadeba siganeze Wrian - patar-patara ruletebi-

viT. am ,,ruletebs’’ ki Semdeg Ria mxridan alageben utaro tafaSi, erTmaneTis mimdevrobiT wreSi da midian centrisken, sanam mTlianad ar Seivseba. Sironebis mosaWrelad soflebSi iyreba nadi: qalebi ojaxebis mixedviT rigrigobiT ikribebian da Wrian sironebs erTmaneTisTvis, romlebsac naWris tomaraSi inaxaven (gacivebuls) da Camokideben sxvenSi an sakuWnaoSi. es aris zamTris maragi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iyeneben saWiro raodenobas. sironis fenebis gayvana arc ise advilia da mxolod specialistebi axerxeben amas zustad ise, rogorc saWiroa.

CegeTi - tafaze dadeb karaqs da Saqars moayri gemovnebiT. daadgam Rumelze zemodan da rodesac kerZi daSrobas daiwyebs is ukve mzad aris. naRvibora - tafaze daasxam naRebs da rodesac gacivdeba masSi Cayri CeCil yvels da kerZi ukve mzad aris. kerZs aseve mwvane xaxvsac gemovnebiT ukeTeben. aWaris samzareuloSi mravladaa tkbileulic,

baqlava

maT Soris aris baqlava, Saqarlama, xalva, hasuTa da a.S. xalva – aqauri xalvis mosamzadeblad saWiroa puris fqvili, Saqris pudri, moxaluli fqvili, margarini. gamdnar margarinSi unda CayaroT Saqari da nelnela daumatoT fqvili. sifrifana, TiTqmis gamWvirvale fenebiTa da TxileuliT momzadebuli baqlava ki aWaruli tkbileulis udavo lideria. aWarlebs igi Tavisi sakonditro kulturis sakuTrebad miaCniaT. igi saqarTveloSi TurqeTidan Semovida da misi popularobac aWaraze osmaleTis imperiis gavlenam ganapiroba. droTa ganmavlobaSi baqlavis sxvadasxva, SedarebiT martivi receptiT momzadebuli variantebic gavrcelda. Cexuri, baqouri, somxuri da sxva saxelwodebebiT. baqlavas mosamzadeblad aucilebelia umaRlesi xarisxis fqvili da kargi karaqi. izileba magari comi wyliT, fqviliTa da kvercxiT, zeTis damatebiT. brtyeldeba jer patara nawilebad da ewyoba safenebs Soris. amis Semdeg iwyeba comis gabrtyeleba. fenas gadaafenen saSualo siRrmis Tunuqis furcelze da daapkureben winaswar momzadebul erbos. yovel mexuTe fenas nigozs ayrian. sabolood mzaddeba 45 fena.

Tunuqis furclis gverdebze gadmosul fenebs SemoWrian daniT, daaxveven, daWrian da mas kidev calke acxoben. mas burmes uwodeben. baqlavasac gamocxobamde Wrian, Semdeg ki SaqriTa da wyliT momzadebul vaJins asxamen.

lela CanTaZe

gzavnili 59

FfotoreportaJi

foto: giorgi lolaSvili

foto: salome gorgoZe

foto: salome gorgoZe

60 gzavnili

foto: giorgi lolaSvili

foto: giorgi lolaSvili

gzavnili 61

blogi

,,raRac axali" matarebeli... xmauri... orTqmavlis gabmuli xma.. rogorc iqna Cveni adgilebi vi-

Mme dRes mogzauroba daviwye CemTvis axal saqarTveloSi – es eniT auRwerelia. xulo...

poveT da ase daviwyeT patara mogzauroba, mravali wertili, radgan TiToeuli werti,,ucxo mxareSi’’.Uucxos imitom vambob, rom li uamrav siTbos, aRtacebasa da siyvaruls rac xuloSi vnaxeT, marTlac uCveulo da raRac axali iyo yvela CvenganisTvis. Tum-

gamoxatavs. Ggraneli, rom aq Camosuliyo da ramdenime dRe darCeniliyo, aRar dawerda

ca, sanam STabeWdilebebze gadaval, manamde erTsac getyviT – matarebelSi saqme rom

amdens sikvdilze. xulo - es aris CemTvis edemi da samo-

ar gaqvs adamians, swored magis bralia, rom SenTvis Tundac uintereso da gaugebari am-

Txe, magram simarTle giTxraT, Tavidan sxva garemos velodi – ,,Caketili xalxi”, daZ-

bavi iyos, mainc ismen an kiTxulob. Aase damemarTa mec da mTeli gza terentis vkiTxu-

abuli urTierTobebi... magram sabednierod, ,,imedebi gamicruvda” – momRimari saxeebi, sa-

lobdi... terenti xom sikvdilis TemiT iyo gatacebuli. Tvlida, rom sikvdilze maRla

ocari stumar-maspinZloba da Zalian bevri siTbo. Aai, ra damxvda xuloSi. Aam yvelafers

idga, man marTlac ajoba sikvdils Tavisi poeziiT.

SeiZleba imitom aRviqvam ase, rom sofelSi gavizarde da mTa miyvars, magram darwmuneb-

leqsebi damTavrda da Uuceb terenti gavxdi. masaviT fiqri daviwye da sikvdili

uli var, mTa terentisac uyvarda, ubralod, Cemgan gansxvavebiT, mas mTis ar eSinoda da

TiTqos gaufasurda. magram Tendeba axali arc sikvdilis ... dRe da vxvdebi, rom terenti ki ara, ilia var, romelsac cxovreba uxaria da iciT ratom?

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ilia qibrowaSvili

STabeWdilebebi: naTia barbaqaZe: xuloSi yofnisas daveswari xulos saxelmwifo Teatris speqtakls- „oragulebi“. warmodgenis dasrulebis Semdeg gavifiqre,- „amieridan xulos gagonebisas yovelTvis Tvalwin warmomidgeba daxatuli buneba da „o, ra gulebis“ mqone xalxi-meTqi. yvela mniSvnelobiT- simamaciT, stumarTmoyvareobiT, rwmeniTa da namdvili qarTvelobiT...

Llela CanTaZe: ugemrielesi CeCili yvelis da naRviboras gemo axlac maxsovs. yvelaze kargi diasaxlisi, Cveni naTia, yovel dRe axal-axali kerZebiT gvanebivrebda.

Aana kakuria: ulamazesi garemo, saocrad Tbili xalxi, saintereso da ucxo ambebi.. ukve menatreba Cveni oTaxi, niusrumebi, interviuebze sirbili mere ki saRamoobiT erTmaneTisTvis STabeWdilebebis gaziareba , Cveni eqspromtad dadgmuli speqtaklebi, gulaxdili saubrebi da ravici, kidev aTasi ram... imedia , rom momavalSi kidev vestumrebiT maRalmTian aWaras !! salome gorgoZe: gamaoca iqaurma Tbilma da stumarTmoyvare qalebma. aivnebze mofusfuseebi orRobeebSi mimavalT, dagvinaxavdnen Tu ara iRimebodnen da Sin gvepatiJebodnen: „amodiT gogoebo! viWoraoT da „kofe“ davlioTo.“ marTla gansxvavebuli gemo hqonda iqaur „kofes“.

Llika CaCua: rodesac xuloze fiqrs viwyeb, yovelTvis tkbilad maxsendeba iq gatarebuli 4 dRe.. yvelaze metad xulos erT-erTi sofeli Tago momewona. mivdiodi da Tan suraTebs viRebdi, iseTi silamaze iyo, mindoda yvelaferi gadameRo da xalxisTvis meCvenebina. xatia lelaZe: ulamazesi xedebi, tradiciuli kerZebi, saocrad Tbili xalxi, es yvelaferi CemTvis xuloSi yofnas ukavSirdeba. iq stumrobam Zalian didi STabeWdileba moaxdina Cemze. gamaoca xalxis gansakuTrebulma mzrunvelobam. cisia cercvaZe: saintereso gogona gavicani xuloSi yofnis dros. Cveni gulTbili maspinZlebis – raindisa da naTias qaliSvili – ilona... gamaoca aTi wlis gogonas azrovnebam, niWierebam, gulmodginebam da miswarafebebma.

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64 gzavnili