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Introduction to the Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution • The industrial Revolution can be defined as: • the application of power driven machinery to manufacturing
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From the Agrarian world to the Industrialized world • Lord Townshend in England introduced crop rotation – land could now be used year-round; • Enclosures forced people to move from the country to the towns • More food produced = population increase (1700 there were about 100 million people in Europe, by 1800 the population had grown to 190 million) • New technology development changed the way people worked Slide 3
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Textile Industry Takes Off • Domestic system (cottage industry) had dominated the early 1700s; merchants dropped off raw materials at people’s homes, picked up finished products later
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Textile Industry Takes Off • Series of inventions modernize textile manufacturing, including: • 1733 - Flying Shuttle (John Kay) – Used to weave cloth The Spinning Jenny
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Textile Industry Takes Off • 1760 – Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves) – Allowed for multiple threads to be woven together • 1769 – Water Frame (Richard Arkwright) – Used water to power the spinning frame
The Spinning Jenny
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Textile Industry Takes Off • 1785 – Water Loom (Edmund Cartwright) – First machine that could weave cloth • 1793 – Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) – Machine that separated cotton seeds from the cotton Plans for the Cotton Gin
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Textile Industry Takes Off • These advancements resulted in the movement of work from the home to the factory
Plans for the Cotton Gin
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Britain Industrializes First • 1715-1850 • Natural resources available in Britain:large amounts of coal and iron • Geographical advantages include a large river system for water power Slide 9
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Britain Industrializes First • Colonial empire provided raw materials and markets • Spreads to continental Europe, United States of America, and Japan between 1850 and 1914
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Changes Brought by the Industrial Revolution • Invention of the steam engine in 1763 by James Watt shifts labor from humans and animals to machines • Inventions continue to make life, manufacturing, and farming easier and better • Continuous reinvestment of profits fuel even greater growth • Inventions in one area often led to inventions in others • Transportation and communication systems are greatly enhanced Slide 11
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