Studio One Documentation
Water Salinity Issues Of Coastal Gujarat
Promoting Drip Irrigation Systems By Lalith Varaprasad PG Graphic Design‘10 / S1001106
Guided by Professor Immanuel Suresh
1
Acknowledgments I would like to thank Mr. Uday Gaikwad, Senior program manager at the Coastal Salinity Prevention cell, Ahmedabad for taking me to visit the coastal villages. He helped me understand the real time scenario. I am also grateful to Sarpanch Heerabhai from Amla Village for explaining me how things works in their village, Mr. Vijay, in-charge of Bhavnagar area unit People’s learning center for sharing his thoughts on which irrigation systems works better, Mahesh bhai who gave us wonderful support while visiting the villages and also to soil testing Ashmuk bhai and government, co-operative dudh mandali employers for telling me about the farmers in their village. I wish to thank my guide Professor Immanuel Suresh for discussions regarding the project.
Preface This document is a written record of ‘studio one’ (First classroom project at NID), which is based on ‘Salinity issues, promoting drip irrigation systems’. We were asked to brainstorm and come-up with possible project ideas under the theme of water and I chose to focus on water salinity issues at coastal areas of Gujarat. Excessive use of borewells for irrigation is affecting ground water reserves and also resulting in salinity issues that are affecting many family livelihoods. Providing alternative irrigation options to them that minimize water wastage will automatically help in bringing down salinity related issues.
Contents INTRODUCTION Brainstorming 02-03 04-05 Initial discussions 06-07 Project proposal
DATA COLLECTION & DATA ANALYSIS Understanding the problem
10-13
Data Visualisation 14-17 Online case studies/ reports
18-19
Visits and interviews > Mr. Uday Gaikwad, CSPC, Ahmedabad
22
> Mr. Vijay, People’s Learning Centre, Bhavanagar 23 > Mr. Mahesh, Talaja
24
> Mahima Dudh Mandali (Co-operative)
25
> Dudh Mandali (Government)
26
> Existing visual language at Dudh Mandali
27
> Mr. Ashmuk, Soil Testing Center, Talaja
28
> Surpunch Heerabhai, Amla village
29
Possible prototypes &
determining the content
30-31
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Determining layout for prototypes
34-35
Final poster for Talaja other coastal villages
36-37
Final sticker for Talaja other coastal villages
38-39
Final pamphlet for Talaja other coastal villages
40-41
Final deliverables for Talaja village
42-43
CONCLUSION Learning & Bibliography 46-47
8
INTRODUCTION
1
Brainstorming We were asked to brainstorm and come up with possible project ideas under the theme of water and we all started with a brainstorming session where we listed down all the terms/ words related to ‘water’ and made a mind map. Going through past students projects actually helped us to look at the various graphic design medium and the approach of our senior towards the issues. We all came up with lot of ideas which be explored under the theme of water. After collective brainstorming we went ahead to research our short listed topics.
Archiving students diploma projects
2
Brainstorming on water theme
3
Initial discussions with Professor Immanuel Suresh
4
Prof Immanuel Suresh shared information about drinking water resources in Ahmedabad. He drew a chart explaining the water sources and systems in brief. This chart simply but effectively gives an overview of our discussions.
5
Project proposal
6
Re-defining the project proposal Initially topic was chosen to work on health issues due to salinity in the coastal areas of Gujarat but after having some discussions with a few people, It was felt it was more important to work on agricultural area because, majority of the farmers were facing serious problems with coastal salinity ingress. So the focus of the project shifted from health problems to agricultural issues. Theme: Water Title: Water salinity issues of coastal Gujarat. Designing an awareness campaign for agricultural issues. Objective: Identify agricultural problems and the effects of salinity ingress and come up with an appropriate communicative design solution. Target: Farmers who are unaware of new irrigation systems.
*
I did not chose to promote drip irrigation
systems to create awareness at this stage, those decisions were taken at a later stage.
7
8
DATA
COLLECTION & ANALYSIS
9
Understanding the problem near coastal line
10
11
12
13
Data Visualisation > Understanding the problem and the target
The coastal villages of Mangrol, Malia, Veraval, Kodinar, Una in the Junagadh district were taken into consideration to study the problem, statistics and livelihoods of the people in Gujarat.
14
Category of Salinity at Junagaadh coastal villages
15
Data Visualisation > Major Occupation in coastal Junagadh Details
Big Former
Workers
Small Business
Service
Kodinar
3506
1862
827
4641
Maliya
1586
804
757
682
Mangrol
3858
2051
1433
2380
Sutrapada
2770
1392
582
754
Una
5189
2220
930
691
Veraval
2861
697
770
1032
Total
19770
11026
5299
10180
16
Misc. Labour
Small Farmer
Marginal Farmer
Agri. Labour
3211
6428
3888
8817
1829
2495
1780
5439
8099
5963
4604
19237
3795
4185
3217
9419
3780
8518
6847
20034
8602
4433
2689
17873
29316
32022
23025
80819
Marginal Farmer
23025
Agri. Labour
80819
Small Farmer
32022
Big Former
19770 Misc. Labour
29316
Service
10180
Workers
11026
Small Business
5299
17
Online case studies/ Reports Coastal zone Coastal Zone would include the sea bed and the areas influenced by tidal action.
HTL - High Tide Line LTL- Low Tide Line Image: CEE, Coastal Management zone pdf
Seawater intrusions in groundwater
Image: http://www.lenntech.com/
Online case studies Data was collected from various webhttp://cspc.org.in/
http://www.wasmo.org/
sites. Found information about some important organisations that are working on water problems in Gujarat such as Coastal Salinity Prevention Cell (CSPC), Water and Sanitation Management
www.indiawaterportal.org/
http://www.akdn.org/
Organisation (WASMO), Aga Khan Rural Support Programme India (AKRSPI).
18
AKRSPI Videos on salinity Aga Khan Rural Support Programme India (AKRSPI) was established in 1984 and began working in three areas of Gujarat: the “tribal� areas in the south, the coastal region and the area surrounding the Gir Forest, which now suffers from increasing ground water salinity due to over-pumping; and Surendranagar District, which is one of the most drought-prone regions in Gujarat. These are the screen-shots of a video made by AKRSPI on water salinity. This video explains the life styles of villagers Ranabhai, Nata bhai, Haza bhai, Ranjan ben, Davudh bahi, Manju ben and now how they are benefitting from AKRSPI and spreading awareness among other villagers. Rain water harvesting and ground water Screen shots of AKRSPI video on salinity ingress.
recharge techniques are the notable ones.
CSPC reports on salinity Initially organising and reading data from multiple pdf files was becoming a little difficult for me. So, downloaded important pdf files from Coastal Salinity Prevention Cell and compiled two books. Identifying and highlighting important data with markers became easier. But, because of too much content, these books were used for sketching in the later stage.
19
20
VISITS
& INTERVIEWS
21
> Mr. Uday Gaikwad, CSPC, Ahmedabad Coastal salinity prevention cell (CSPC) is working on salinity issues of Gujarat. Here are the insights derived from my discussion with their senior project manager Mr. Uday Gaikwad- Most of the wells become saline. - There are no restriction on wells. - Bullocks are now replaced by diesel Mr. Uday Gaikwad Sr project manager at CSPC, Ahmedabad
motors to lift the ground water. - 30-70% reduction is observed in crop harvest. - There is limited choice of crops suitable to grow in saline areas. - There has been a decline in cattle popula tion and soil fertility - In Gujarat, salt affected area is 12 lakh hectares and at coastal area is 7.2 lakh hectares (59% of total area) SOLUTIONS CAN BE - Water saving irrigation methods - Sluice gates - Agro techniques
Existing material at CSPC
22
Discussion with Uday on 17th March, 2011
> Mr. Vijay, People’s Learning Center, Bhavanagar The People’s Learning Center for Water and Sanitation (PLC) has been officially set up in March 2006, it initiated work on the core issues of water and sanitation much earlier. Here are the points highlighted during my interaction with Mr. Vijay- Sprinkler irrigation is more better than Drip irrigation Mr. Vijay Program coordinator PLC, Bhavanagar
- Animals are destroying drips. - Drip system for one farm is not suitable of other farm/ crops. - It is important to show a few case studies to make the message more believable in whatever medium choose to convey our message.
People’s Learning Center (PLC), Bhavanagar.
Existing material/ Visual language at PLC, Bhavanagar
23
> Mr. Mahesh at Talaja For the field visit we went to Talaja, Bhavnagar, Amla villages and few other nearest villages. CSPC project manager Uday’s friend Mahesh took us to the Villages and explained the current scenario. A quick questionnaire was prepared to understand about the irrigation systems and people who are using it. These were the answers given by Mahesh, CSPC Uday’s friend Mahesh
- Which one is the best irrigation Method? And why? Drip Irrigation because it costs less and all plants get water - How can we promote Drip irrigation systems? Orally better - What is the convenient language of the target? Gujarati - Which are the places to communicate 17/02/2012 9:53 pm at Talaja
better? Panchayat, Temple, Dudh Mandali - Can you suggest me final product to communicate? T. V. Ad - How many farmers installed Drips? 10% only
*
As a graphic designer communication may
get challenging here because, in these villages communication works better orally and we should know their local language, i.e. Gujarati.
24
> Mahima Dudh Mandali (Co-operative) at Talaja Every morning nearly 150-300 farmers visits Mahima Dudh Mandali at Talaja. On the early morning of 18th Feb 2012, we went to the Dudh Mandali to study some farmers. These are some of the photographs taken as an attempt to observe them. People between the age group of 4 years to 80 years people are coming to the dudh mandali. A guy with a blue hoodie checked the quality of milk and gave a slip in return. People would be paid for their milk once they have 10-15 slips which is usually twice or thrice a month.
Mahima Dudh Mandali (Co-operative)
*
On an average, people were spending just
about 2-5 minutes in this place. Hence the message/ visual language should be very simple to communicate with them.
25
> Dudh Mandali (Government) at Talaja
Dudh Mandali (Government)
The government dudh mandali was visited on18th Feb 2012 at 10 am. By that time they had finished taking milk from the farmers. Still, farmers were sitting tat dudh mandali and talking. Mahesh and Uday discussed about the irrigation systems with them in Gujarati language. Their discussions were recorded using a camera.
Screen-shots of conversation with formers
26
Existing Visual Language at Dudh Mandali
Existing posters and hanging display boards at dudh mandali.
27
> Mr. Ashmuk, Soil Testing Center, Talaja Soil testing office also visited at Talaja and interacted with Mr. Ashmuk. Reports they give is in Gujarati language. He shared some reports that were written in Gujarati. They analyze soil samples to determine its nutrient content and composition. I noticed some posters on the wall and visual language of a Soil testing officer Mr. Ashmuk, Talaja
book on saving money at their office.
Soil testing report
Book on money savings at soil testing center
28
Posters on the wall at soil testing center
> Surpanch Heerabhai, Amla village
Surpanch Heerabhai, Amla village
Amla village was visited and met Surpanch Heerabhai, . He explained to me how they together built check dams to prevent salt water mixing with rain water. He lives very far from the village and doesn’t have electricity at his home. People respect him and believe in what he says.
*
Since oral communication works better here
and people have faith in him, I chose to portray him as a subject in the communication material designed for display at Talaja.
29
Possible prototypes
1
2
2
3
2 Poster on the wall
Sticker for milk
at Dudh Mandali
containers
30
Pamphlet for the people who comes to the Dudh Mandali
Determining content for prototypes
Design approach for a Poster and Stickers
For a Pamphlet
- Photographs are better than illustrations.
- Content remains same as poster with a
- People can believe in and relate better to
little more information added about drip
the photograph of a known person. - The amount of text should be limited.
irrigation systems. - Benefits of using drip irrigation systme
- The text should be in the local language, i.e. Gujarati.
has to be highlighted. - Contact information of Drip irrigation systems provider.
*
CORE OBJECTIVE: Promotion of drip
irrigation systems among farmers can help reduce water consumption and in turn help to reduce the salinity ingress.
31
32
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
33
Determining layout for prototypes
1. Poster on the wall at Dudh Mandali 23 X16 inches
Benefits of using drip irrigation system
Photograph of a known person
Contact details for more information
People will have only 30 secs-1 minute of time to look at this poster at the Dudh Mandali. Four major points have to be highlighted in the poster. > Photograph of a known person. > Benefits of using drip irrigation system. > Contact details for more information. > Flexible layout which can work in all villages
34
Initial explorations for Talaja Dudh Mandali poster.
The poster was
Drip Irrigation
designed initially in english and later converted into the local language. i.e., Gujarati to place at Talaja Dudh Mandali.
Contact me today, I will tell you how Poster in Gujarati for final prototype.
:
35
Final Poster for Talaja Village
: 23 X16 inches
XXXX: 00000 00000
*
Using the photograph of the sarpanch of
Talaja village whom the people respect and have faith, makes the poster convincing.
36
Final Posters for Other Coastal Villages of Gujarat
XXXX: 00000 00000
XXXX: 00000 00000
XXXX: 00000 00000
XXXX: 00000 00000
*
Photographs of various heads of various
villages whom the people respect and have faith, makes the poster convincing while the contents remains the same in all the posters.
37
Final Sticker for Talaja Village
2. Sticker for milk containers 5 X 8 inches People will have only 30 secs-1 minute of Drip irrigation
time to look at these stickers at the Dudh
benefits
Mandali. Four major points have to be highlighted in the poster.
Contact info.
> Photograph of a known person. > Benefits of using drip irrigation system.
Known person
> Contact details for more information.
Photograph
> Flexible layout which can work in all villages
:
38
Final Stickers for Other Coastal Villages of Gujarat
39
Final Pamphlet for Talaja Village
3. Pamphlet for the people to take back home 5 X 8 inches
People will have more time to look at this pamphlet at home. So, little more detailed information can be added at back side of
Drip irrigation benefits
Contact info. Known person Photograph Front
Drip irrigation Chart ComBeneparison fits in detail drip company address Back
the pamphlet. > Front side will have the same content as sticker or poster. > Back side will display the drip irrigation chart, comparison between drip irriga tion and normal irrigation water require ment, benefits of adapting drip irrigation along with contact details and addreses of companies that manufacture / supply drip irrigation systems.
:
Front
40
Back
Final Pamphlet for Other Coastal Villages of Gujarat
:
:
:
:
*
Back side of the pamphlet will have the same
information for all the coastal villages.
41
Final Deliverables for Talaja Village
1. Poster on the wall at Dudh Mandali 23 X16 inches
:
XXXX: 00000 00000
42
2. Sticker for milk containers
3. Pamphlet for the people to take back
5 X 8 inches
5 X 8 inches
:
:
Front
Back
*
Only photographs changes for the other
villages of coastal Gujarat.
43
44
CONCLUSION
45
Learning - Interacting with the target audience helps in getting a better idea of the situation and directs towards an effective design approach . Sitting here at the institute and working on the projects with our own assumptions might not work in real time. - Most of the time spent on this project went in conducting research, analyzing collected data and understanding and identifying the core problem. - Design deliverables (poster, stickers and pamphlets) aims at making local farmers curious and initiating conversa- tion with their village sarpanch. The next logical step would be to design a tool kit of sorts with communication material that would help the sarpanch in convincing his people. - During my visit to the villages and a little interaction with the farmers there, we experienced that these farmers were really simple and innocent people.
46
Bibliography Web http://cspc.org.in/ http://www.wasmo.org/ http://www.indiawaterportal.org/ http://www.akdn.org/ Print - Coastal salinity prevention cell reports - Posters at dudh mandali, Talaja - Books at soil testing center, Talaja
Document Typeset in Roboto, Droid Serif
47
48