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Fricatives and affricates 13

13. Problems in phonemic analysis 33

• Affricates 31 • The English vowel system 33 • Syllabic consonants 011 • Clusters of s with plosives 010 • Schwa (@) 010 • Distinctive features 012 • Conclusion 013

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14. Aspects of connected speech 103

• Rhythm 011 • Assimilation 115 • Elision 003 • Linking 003

15. Intonation 1 113

• Form and function in intonation 021 • Tone and tone languages 020 • Complex tones and pitch height 022 • Some functions of English tones 023 • Tones on other words 021

16. Intonation 2 123

• The tone-unit 023 • The structure of the tone-unit 031 • Pitch possibilities in the simple tone-unit 033

17. Intonation 1 111

• Fall-rise and rise-fall tones followed by a tail 031 • High and low heads 038 • Problems in analysing the form of intonation 001 • Autosegmental treatment of intonation 003

18. Functions of intonation 1 161

• The attitudinal function of intonation 001 • Expressing attitudes 031

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