Human Nature Center Documentation Package by Jadyn Landreth

HUMAN NATURE CENTER Jadyn Landreth & Jose Moreno

H U M A N N AT U R E C E N T E R

INTRODUCTION

table of co nte nts INTRODUCTION

01-08

living building challenge

S C H E M AT I C D E S I G N

09-14

H U M A N N AT U R E C E N T E R

CONCEPT REVIEW

15-22

Kansas City, Missouri

MIDTERM REVIEW

23-34

PLACE

35-46

restoring a healthy interelationship with nature

W AT E R

47-52

net positive water use

EQUITY

53-58

supporting a just & equitable world

E N E R GY

59-68

net positive energy use

ARCH 609 SPRING 2022 Prof. Steve Padget Jadyn Landreth Jose Moreno

H E A LT H & H A P P I N E S S

69-74

optimize well being

M AT E R I A L S

75-80

safe for all species through time

BEAUTY

81-90

uplifting the human spirit drawings by Jadyn Landreth marked with drawings by Jose Moreno marked with

REFLECTION

91-94

INTRODUCTION

PLACE

BEAUTY uplifting the human spirit

restoring a healthy interrelationship with nature

WATER “Imagine a building is as efficient as a flower; a simple symbol for the ideal built environment. The Living Building Challenge is organized into seven performance areas.”

net positive water use

MATERIALS safe for all species through time

- International Living Future Institute

EQUITY

supporting a just & equitable world

HEALTH & HAPPINESS optimize well being

ENERGY net positive energy use

LIVING BUILDING CHALLENGE

INTRODUCTION

PRECEDENTS

PLACE 01 02 03 04

Ecology of Place Urban Agriculture Habitat Exchange Human-Scaled Living

WATER 05 Responsible Water Use 06 Net Positive Water

EQUITY

Omega Center for Sustainable Living Living Building Challenge™ LEED Platinum

07 Universal Access 08 Inclusion

ENERGY 09 Energy + Carbon Reduction 10 Net Positive Carbon

HEALTH & HAPPINESS 11 12 13

Healthy Interior Environment Healthy Interior Performance Access to Nature

Vandusen Garden Visitor Centre

LEED Platinum

MATERIALS 14 15 16 17 18

Responsible Materials Red List Responsible Sourcing Living Economy Sourcing Net Positive Waste

BEAUTY 19 20

Beauty + Biophillia Inspiration + Education

Anita B. Gorman Conservation Discovery Center 07

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

)

PASSI V E W AT E

J A D Y N ’ S S C H E M AT I C D E S I G N

TE WA

RY TO ES ER CL

CE AN TR EN

TIO N (CLOS L EC

L CO

F P L AC E

O GY LO

J O S E ’ S S C H E M AT I C D E S I G N

CONCEPT REVIEW

coat room

restroom restroom

fire stair

gift shop

auditorium

mech.

workshop

workshop workshop workshop

nature

man

switch forms to emphasize the intersection

man intersects nature

lobby

storage

eco-machine greenhouse

cafe

first floor plan greenhouse

restroom restroom

fire stair

office

volunteer room

office

office break room

open workstations

conference room office

eco-machine

office

second floor plan

amphitheater

east elevation

outdoor classroom urban forest

eco-machine auditorium

demonstration garden

site plan

lobby

offices workshop

workshop

longitudinal section

CONCEPT REVIEW

CONCEPT REVIEW Hallway

Balcony from Open Workstations

Lobby & Eco Machine

Auditorium

MIDTERM REVIEW

M I DT E R M R E V I E W

1. Find the date of the end of the overheated period (the last day that full shading is required).

2. Using a horizontal sun-path diagram for the appropriate latitude of Kansas City, darken the path that defins the end of the overhead period.

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

3. Draw a line representing the orientation of the window through the center point

4. Also through the center point, draw the sunray that is perpendicular to the window point that results from the intersection of this sunray and the sun path that reprents the end of the overheated period.

5. Find the point the of intersection between the sunray and the sun path from step 2.

Although not completely south-facing, direct gain solar heating is utilized in conjuction with evaporative cooling as water and rammed earth act as solar collectors by receiving direct sunlight from the large curtain wall.

8. Draw an overhang that reaches this sunray.

9. Extend the overhang a minimum distance of H/2 on each side of the window if fins are not used.

Sep t. 21

12’

Sunray

THERMAL MASS COOLING During the day, rammed earth absorbs heat to moderate rising temperatures. At night, the building is ventilated with cooler outside air, extracting the stored heat from the mass and flushing it to the exterior.

7. On the section of the window, draw the sunray to the windowsill effectively the whole overheated period of the year.

HORIZONTAL SUN DIAGRAM FOR KANSAS CITY

Constructed wetlands and interior water feature provide cool moisture when wind pushes evaporation through through the building’s operable windows -- forced by A/C, or through convection.

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

6. By means of this point, find the altitude angle and time of day of the sunray

Wind ow

M I DT E R M R E V I E W

OVERHANG SIZING

18°

INTEGRATED SHADING Internal heat gains are minimized during overheated periods with properly sized overhangs.

Passive Strategies

M I DT E R M R E V I E W 31

Hallway

Auditorium

Balcony from Open Workstations

Lobby & Eco Machine

M I DT E R M R E V I E W

FINAL DESIGN

PLACE Kansas City, Missouri is considered a humid sub-tropical climate. It is generally humid with seasonal patterns including hotter, stormier summers and colder, snowy winters.

Our site is located in the Ohio Valley climate region. It is defined by winds coming over the Rockies, south from interior Canada, and humid air moving north from the Gulf of Mexico. Large extremes and sudden changes are common. Solar resource is generally good during the spring, summer and parts of the autumn seasons, yet this region is impacted by frequent convection and the zone is on average east of the dry line. Convection may be shallow or deep depending on the various cloud formations and storm patterns within the zone. Due to the high variability forecasting is often challenging.

COLD

CHILLY, HUMID

WARM, HUMID

MILD, HUMID

avg min

avg max

avg min

avg max

avg min

avg max

avg min

avg max

30°F

44°F

54°F

71°F

69°F

86°F

40°F

57°F

IMPACT OF CLIMATE ON ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE

too cold outside

want to be outside

ok outside if sheltered

too hot outside

frequency (occupied hrs)

51%

28%

15%

what people want

• shelter from wind •warmth

• to be outside • to enjoy the weather

• shelter when needed • connectivity with outside

• protection from wind and sun • to be cool

Kansas City Symphony Offices

W. 17

ST RE ET

PLACE

Kauffman Center for Performing Arts

win ter s

WYANDO TTE STRE

Parking Garage

area getting the most sunlight in

Hoffman Cortes Contracting Co.

r rm southe

ET ST RE TH W. 17 39

KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI

Consulate of Mexico in Kansas City

rthe

BALTIMO

Cellar Rat Wine Merchants

RE AVENU

PLACE 1.

1. allocated the major program with the intention of splitting the site 50/50 between indoor and outdoor spaces allocated the major program with the intention of splitting the site 50/50 between indoor and outdoor spaces

the curvilinear form was developed to reflect the organic forms within earth’s natural environments. with the exception of the 2. greenhouse and eco-machine’s convexity -- for emphasis -- the curves were designed to signify points of entry.

FORM DEVELOPMENT

sized and placed “green” architecture so that they are distinctive

the landscape/paving were designed to create a stimulating and immersive experience as they connect users with the natural and built environments

W. 17

ST RE ET

PLACE

WYANDO TTE STRE

W. 17

ST RE

BALTIMO

KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI

RE AVENU

PLACE

SITE PLAN 01 02 03 04 05 06

human nature center amphitheater demonstration garden outdoor classroom urban forest parking

04 02

Wyandotte Street

Baltimore Avenue

17th Street

06 45

W AT E R

PATH OF WATER PLAN 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

septic tanks anaerobic tank constructed wetlands aerated lagoons sand filter subsurface dispersal rain gardens rainwater cistern

Baltimore Avenue

Wyandotte Street

03 06

04 17th Street

W AT E R CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS Constructed wetlands removes many pollutants associated with municipal and industrial wastewater and stormwater, as well as providing evaporative cooling.

W AT E R

FLOW OF WATER recycle

existing septic tanks

anoxic tank

constructed wetlands

eco machine partially mixed aerated lagoon

recirculating sand filter

land application by others

reed canary grass

n co n

soft rush grass

lizard’s tail

to d

2n or

flo d

te uc str ds n co n m etla fro w to pliland ca ap tio n

partially aerated lagoons

8’

24’

e nc

u ko

oo yl b b

tra en

EQUITY parking entran

y nc

i ex

ge er

in e

ntr a

nce

y nc

ge er

CIRCULATION DIAGRAM

i ex

EQUITY

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

01 02 03 04 05

09 15

02 04

01 05

01 01

07 01 03

12 03

01 14

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

lobby cafe eco-machine native plantings workshop woodworking workshop water education workshop art workshop auditorium greenhouse volunteer room gift shop restrooms storage coat room fan room pump room electrical room

offices multi-purpose room conference room open workstations restrooms

EQUITY auditorium

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

lobby

eco-machine

constructed wetland

offices + open workstations workshops

greenhouse

community raised beds

amphitheater

ENERGY CALCULATIONS According to an analysis of data from the US Energy Information Administration’s Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (2012), congregational buildings in the United States use about 4.5 kilowatthours (kWh) of electricity per ft2 annually, and about 41,500 Btu per ft2 of other energy sources, primarily heating and hot water. Source: https://esource.bizenergyadvisor.com/article/congregational-buildings Our design is ~ 30,000sf 30,000sf x 4.5 kWh = 135,000 kWh/yr # of solar panels = System Size (kWh/yr) / Production Ratio (1.3-1.6 are normal) / Panel Wattage (usually 340 W) (a similar method is used by the Omni Calculator) Source: https://news.energysage.com/how-many-solar-panels-do-i-need/

ENERGY

look at the list of major components and their sizes included within the system description. Then, for components common to many of the systems, use the sizing charts on pages 216–219.

COMMON CHOICES OF HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS FOR LARGE BUILDINGS WHY VARIABLE AIR VOLUME? • to minimize operating cost and energy consumption • to minimize the first cost of the heating and cooling system • to maintain occupant comfort in spaces that undergo large changes in heating and cooling load • to minimize system noise (non-fan powered) • to minimize maintenance requirements of the heating and cooling system WHY PASSIVE SYSTEMS? • All of the previously mentioned reasons for VAV + the ability to sustainably heat and cool the building

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS FOR LARGE BUILDINGS If you wish to minimize the 61

HEATING + COOLING

Choose the simplest possible all283

ENERGY

TOTAL FLOOR AREA OF NATURE CENTER = 30,000SF

Cooling Air Volume: 41,000 CFM

Cooling Capacity: 100 kW

Dimensions of Single-Packaged Unit

Use this section to find preliminary sizes for common components L: 41’-2” Total Space Boiler & Chilled WaterThe Plant:chart 620SF on of heating and for cooling systems. this page provides W: 7’-8” information boiler and chiller rooms, cooling towers, and singleSpace forfor Cooling Towers: 110SF H: 7’-6” packaged unit systems. The chart on the following pages provides information on ductwork, fan rooms, and louvers. To use the chart on this page, start with the floor area to be cooled,

(Example continued from the previous page.) Using the chart on Areawe of Main or Return the Ducts:approximate 26SF this page, canSupply determine sizes of the airhandling components two choices developed on the preceding Area of Branch Supplyof or the Return Ducts: 40SF pages. The central system would move an air volume of about Area of Fan Rooms: 1100SF 250,000 cu ft per minute. This would call for a total cross-sectional of Fresh Air Louvers: area of Area main supply ducts110SF equal to about 150 sq ft and branch ft total. If the branch supply ducts supply Area ducts of about 250 sq of Exhaust Air Louvers: 90SF were 2 ft deep, for example, their aggregate width would be about 125 ft. Similar areas of return ducting would also be needed.

a single point of failure in the upstream supply. ENERGY

TYPICAL SIZES OF TRANSFORMER VAULTS AND SWITCHGEAR ROOMS

house the water meter and the sprinkler and standpipe valves. In a building taller than three or four stories, a suction tank and a pair of water pumps are needed to boost the water pressure in the domestic water system. A similar pair of pumps is required for all but very small sprinkler systems. A chiller for drinking water and a heat exchanger to heat domestic hot water are often located in the same area. The table below will assist in determining the necessary floor areas for water pumps. The enclosures for fire pump rooms in highrise buildings are often required to be fire-resistance rated. In tall buildings, fire codes frequently require the provision of a large gravity tank on the roof of the building to furnish a reserve of water in case of fire.

WORKROOMS, CONTROL ROOMS, AND OFFICES Operating and maintenance personnel in large buildings need space in which to work. Offices should be provided for operating engineers and maintenance supervisors. A room is required to house the control console for a large-building heating and cooling system. Lockers and workrooms are needed for mechanics, plumbers, electricians, and custodial workers. Storage facilities should be provided near the loading dock and service elevator for tools, spare parts, and custodial equipment and supplies. SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER PUMPS

TYPICAL DIMENSIONS OF PAD-MOUNTED Most electrical and telecommunications rooms require dedicated Domestic Water Pumps cooling, with independent temperature control. Doors to these TRANSFORMERS Area Served Room Dimensions rooms open outward to avoid interfering with access to the Up to 200,000 ft2

8” × 12“

(Up to 18,600 m2)

(2.44 × 3.66 m)

equipment within.

200,000 to 1,000,000 ft2 16” × 12” (18,600 to 93,000 m2)

In many buildings, on-site equipment capable of generating power in the event of an interruption in normal electrical service is also required. Such equipment can provide emergency power for building systems essential to life-safety—such as assembly-area lighting, fire detection, alarm systems, fire pumps, elevators, and emergency communications—or standby power for less essential services. The equipment consists of one or more electrical generators driven by engines fueled with natural gas, propane gas, diesel oil, or gasoline. In the case of all but natural gas, on-site fuel storage is required. During testing and operation, large quantities of air for combustion and cooling are required, and exhaust gases, noise, and vibration are emitted. The best location for powergenerating equipment is on the ground outside the building, near the switchgear room. Engine-generator sets in prefabricated weather-resistant housings are available for this purpose. The next best location is on the roof of the building. Alternatively, this equipment may be located inside the building on an exterior wall, as far as possible from occupied areas of the building and within a fireresistance-rated enclosure. Typical dimensions for the housing or room to accommodate an emergency power supply for an average commercial building of up to 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m2) are 12 ft 328

(4.88 × 3.66 m)

Fire Pumps (assuming sprinklers) Area Served

Room Dimensions

Up to 100,000 ft2

8” × 12”

(Up to 93000 m2)

(2.44 × 3.66 m)

100,000 to 200,000 ft2 20” × 12” (9300 to 18,600 m2) 1,000,000 ft2

(6.1 × 3.66 m) 340 30” × 24”

(93,000 m2)

327

(9.15 × 7.32 m)

FAN ROOMS VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICES FOR When local fan rooms' fresh air and exhaust air connections are LARGE BUILDINGS Electrical Spaces + Other Service Spaces 65

PLANNING SERVICE CORES

provided by means of duct risers, these rooms should be placed against the shafts containing those ducts. If local fan rooms exchange air directly with the outdoors on each floor, they should be

Spaces for the vertical distribution of mechanical and electrical

This table was compiled from information contained in the International Building Code 2015. It does not represent an official interpretation by the organization that issues this code.

Minimum Plumbing Fixture Requirements in the National Building Code of Canada Consult the table on the facing page to determine the minimum

ENERGY 12’

18°

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

INTEGRATED SHADING

Constructed wetlands and interior water feature provide cool moisture when wind pushes evaporation through through the building’s operable windows -- forced by A/C, or through convection.

Internal heat gains are minimized during overheated periods with properly sized overhangs.

THERMAL MASS COOLING

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

During the day, rammed earth absorbs heat to moderate rising temperatures. At night, the building is ventilated with cooler outside air, extracting the stored heat from the mass and flushing it to the exterior.

H E A LT H & H A P P I N E S S

greenhouse

native plantings

community garden

constructed wetlands

H E A LT H & H A P P I N E S S

FIRST FLOOR HALLWAY 71

H E A LT H & H A P P I N E S S

OPEN OFFICE WORKSTATIONS 73

M AT E R I A L S

16” x 16”

beam 1

5 1/8” x 2’

beam 2

8 3/4” x 3’

beam 1 bot edge flush with decking beam 2 exposed

mass timber column

Total Tributary Area = Roof Area + All Floors Supported by a Single Column

lateral tensile rods

wood column sizing

wood posts w/ spider fittings

wood column sizing

custom angled columns

glulam sizing

Roof Area = 10,000 SF 2nd Floor Area = 5,700 SF Total Tributary Area = (10,000SF + 5,700SF)/6= 3000SF per Column

STRUCTURE DIAGRAM + CALCULATIONS

Girders

beams

columns

M AT E R I A L S

roof

structure

second floor

first floor

hvac system

M AT E R I A L S

native plants prefinished metal flashing rigid insulation native soil 1x2 wood perlins w/ acoustic board between ASTM A307 5/8”Ø bolts 2’ x 6” wood joist knife plate inside beam bolted to slanted columns

native plants native soil landscaped roof (inverted torch on 2-ply sbs membrane) above 1/2” plywood, 4” rigid ins.

4x6 glulam column spider fitting connecting glazing to column puddled earth top lift

triple-glazed low-E glass

rammed earth

5 1/2” x 2’ glulam beam 2 layers of 1” acoustic board btw 1x2 perlins 2x6 tapered ceiling decking

10m vert rebar @ 24” o.c.

GREEN ROOF DETAIL

filled tie rod holes

vegetation prefinished metal flashing

growing medium filter membrane drainage layer waterproof/root repellant roofing membrane support thermal insulation vapor control

4” conc slab 4” R12 rigid ins gravel base

square HSS bolted to interior glulam and foundation anchor bolts foundation

conc foundation #4 rebar @ 18” o.c.

raised access floor 4” rigid insulation gravel 4” Ø drainage pipe

EAST WALL SECTION (JADYN)

gravel around 4” Ø drainage pipe to approved frost free outlet surround with filter cloth

SOUTH WALL SECTION (JOSE)

BEAUTY 81

LOBBY + CAFE

BEAUTY 83

ECO-MACHINE

BEAUTY 85

AUDITORIUM

BEAUTY 87

WORKSHOP

H U M A N N AT U R E C E N T E R

JOSE’S REFLECTION

septic tanks anaerobic tank constructed wetlands aerated lagoons sand filter subsurface dispersal rain gardens rainwater cistern

DESIGN A WALKABLE PRAIRIE (CONNECT TO KAUFFMAN)

Baltimore Avenue

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Wyandotte Street

JADYN’S REFLECTION

PATH OF WATER PLAN

03 06

01 INTEGRATE WATER TREATMENT INTO SITE

04 17th Street

ARCH 609 SPRING 2022 Prof. Steve Padget Jadyn Landreth Jose Moreno