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d e pa r t m e n t o f g e o s c i e n c e s a n d n at u r a l r e s o u r c e m a n a g e m e n t
LANDSCAPE PLANNING 2014 university of copenhagen
Lan d sc a p e Arc h i te c t u re & Pl a nni ng St u dio 2 0 1 4
2. Group Hand in
r G y r o rit r e T t n a l P ar g u S e h T
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Anti territory The Sugarhouse and the willow tree Hello. My name is Anti. I know that I have never met you in person but I am certain that I have encountered you through some mysterious communication. I feel familiar with you - through your thoughts and your movement. I hope it is okay that I take a minute of your time. Maybe it is just my imagination – so I hope you will bear with me for a moment. I know this place – or at least I think I do. I don’t know exactly how to put it but to begin with there is nothing wrong. The thing is that there is nothing that makes this a special situation and I am almost certain that there is nothing to worry about. Come to think of it - this situation is not any
different to other situations that I can think of. The people are ordinary people. The houses are all with roofs and windows and proper doors. The streets have trees and there are shops. The little girl is a normal girl with a mom and dad. There are schools and people go to work. Okay, there is a kitten stuck in a tree but that shouldn’t alarm us. It is to be expected. There is absolutely nothing that I can see what should alarm us. So why do I say “to begin with there is nothing wrong” and “I am almost certain that there is nothing to worry about”. You have probably already noticed it and you have seen the title because it is quite big. Size 18. I saw it too and I am sure that it is my imagination but I am
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Between lake and hills The project aims at creating a unique and never seen landscape in the city of Groningen. A strong and attractive combination of hills and lake will offer a dedicated setting for dynamic and flexible plannings.
fulfil an organic construction of the sugar plant’s landscape instead of proposing a rigid and definitive master plan. Our strategy consists therefore in providing a dedicated and permanent landscape ready for dynamic planning.
A radical gesture… Taking what’s good! Today, the site can be considered as an island bordered by infrastructures. To the East the elevated highway enables access to the site. South of the site the railway runs just beside a canal and trains give a regular rhythm during the day. To the north, a 40 meters wide canal runs all the way along the site and enables visual connections to the surroundings. These elements establish very clear limits to the site and are interesting landscape features to play with. Each side of the site is given a different atmosphere. The actual landscape consists mainly of a mix between remnant ground covers such as tiles, concrete foundations, asphalt and vegetation. The latest consists mainly of spontaneous species that have found their habitat. In the eastern part of the area rows of Populus remain from the industrial occupation and indicate the East entrance. The combination of wild and planted vegetation –very interesting in terms of price, aesthetic and ecological services- will be carried on at a higher level to create dynamics and variations in the vegetation cover. The area is supporting a small art community and a small urban farm project, sheltered by the two remaining buildings of the sugar plant. There, a crowd-founded restaurant called de Wolkenfabriekproposes cultural events. These activities are a very good starting point and will constitute the permanent core of activities at stake in our proposition.
To allow for the unpredictable The absence of a clear and permanent program for the site raises the question of temporary landscape(s). How will the site adapt to changing demands? How can we design the flexibility of the sugar plant’s landscape without losing sight on the whole? These questions obviously call for a landscape that can answer unexpected demands instead of creating supply for a hypothetic program. In other words,
Today, the site is telling us few things. Crumbles of the former industrial function stand alone in the middle of a vast brown land, slowly getting covered by a vegetation growing in the waterproof surfaces cracks: an aesthetic of industrial ruins. The site is not far from being a blank page, literally. The scratch we could start from has already been mostly completed. However it is not a call for a violent tabula rasa but rather the opportunity to tell a new story in which boring conservatism is avoided. This pre-condition of scratch gives us a freedom of action on the ground. There is nothing to lose but all to gain and improve.
Strategy: Creation of the inner lake. The digging of the inner lake app.8000m2
creates an important volume of
16 0000m3
excavating material. The water prevents the site from falling into chaos.
First stage: Only the active +10m
“Behind the appearance of an organic development is actually a set of rules.” The water is invited artificially to define the site in a new way. A rebirth: approximately 70% of the site, corresponding to the surface not used, is turn into an inner lake. The water will install a peaceful order, occupy and prevent the site from returning to a complete chaos. The digging allowing the arrival of the water will enable the formation of important hills on the Eastern part of the site. This new profile terrain will be the setting of the future developments. On one hand the hills create a monumental landscape, indicating the site’s limits and valuable at the city scale. The water, one the other hand, will support the development of temporary or permanent floating islands. One island will surface as soon as a program or a function can be implemented on it (allotment gardens, housing, artists residences, nature areas…). The creation of islands will line up with major principles decreed in the master plan as mandatory and essential to insure its quality and coherence. Behind the appearance of an organic development is actually a set of rules.
part stays at the surface and constitutes the permanent core of the area. The excavating materials will take shape in three hills in the eastern part of the site. The soil balance is kept on site.
Logic of development: Once a program is established and fits to the site, an island is created. Over the decades, this logic will fulfil the organic development of the area. The landscape evolves through the time.
The factory buildings are kept, as they are currently the only used locations, and improved to fulfil better their missions. They will constitute the core of the project: future developments will have to be related to it. The core will be articulated to and accessible from the east and west sides by a permanent stripe running along the railway. The core, the stripe and the hills will form the backbone of the site. The two main polarities (from open and green in the West to dense and urban in the East) framing the site will help colouring the atmospheres of each new island. From fenced in today, the site will slowly integrate the urban fabric and link it to the open green areas tomorrow.
Group 1: By Lin, Natalie, Antoine & Fredrik
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Visualisation + 5 years of the site, just after the digging of the inner lake has been completed. The hills formed in the background become eye catching landscape feature. Most of the floating islands have not been created yet.
FLOATING ISLAND
HILL 1
CORE
B
WETLAND
A
HILL 2
K
C
O
B
HILL 3
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E
Section 1
The first master plan’s draft illustrates how the main elements are displayed on and framed the site The arrows indicates the main accesses to the site. Depending on their programs, the dimensions and positions of the floating islands might change.
highway
canal embankment
floating island
floating island
pathway
path
hill 1
road + path
Section 1
HILL FLOATING ISLAND INNER LAKE
SUGAR PLANT PROJECT
HIGHWAY
HOUSING AREA
CITY CENTRE
Relationship with the city. The hills highlight the site at an urban scale. Group 1: By Lin, Natalie, Antoine & Fredrik
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Foreword “Transparent” vegetation/ entrance to site
Interaction with water Vegetation strip/corridor Square for events
Landscape with boardwalks
Sport facilities
Industrial use Temporary private/semi-private use
Masterplan 1:5000. This paper presents our project at its current state. It aims at establishing a clear vision, concept and strategy. The concept draws inspiration from the Dutch landscape and especially the water reservoirs connected to the old factory. Better access to the area, preservation of existing qualities and simple interventions are the main points in the strategy for our transformation. The project seeks to transform the area in a simple way made easily understandable by using layers. Trying to be minimalistic, the project is not in favour of big ideas and megalomaniac attitudes. It is con-
Square
ceived as a cluster of small ideas manifested in different layers that are harmoniously playing with one another, leaving space for other players to join the game as the time goes by. The main focus has been put on the northern part of the area where as the southern part is left more open and intended for different kinds of temporary use and building development in the future. Being bottom-up in its approach, the project is trying to establish a dialogue between the past and the future, between the site and its future primary authors, the citizens of Groningen. Therefore, our project plan is conceived bearing in mind the transitory character, sustainability objectives,
as well as the original characteristics of the site that can be used to create a sense of place and thus prompt the feelings of both wander and belonging. Our primary strategy is to comprehensively integrate the shapes from the open landscape on the site trying to merge landscape and urban fabric. Secondarily, integration of various functionalities and activities that the site could hypothetically accommodate: to explore, gather, play, engage, relax and perhaps to live and work in the future. Thirdly, to introduce an adaptable landscape design with minimal investments, but ready to be used and appreciated by a great number of different people.
Pathway
Vision The project aims at creating an interesting urban landscape on short term and at preparing the site for further development in the future. This is done by establishing an identity and sense of place emphasizing existing qualities and thereby making it more attractive for residential development in the future.
Concept The form draws inspiration from the landscape and the old factory. The project uses existing layer as a starting point and builds on top of it. The imposed path system mimics the canals used for transportation and for
Existing layer
Conceptual north-south going section showing the relationship between the existing buildings newly created squares, path layer and vegetation. Group 2: By Susie Frederiksen, Marie Glad, Camilla Kjærgaard Hansen, Dusam Milovic
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Diagram showing design concept and form. dividing the fields. In the project the path system is used to divide the rather large site in to smaller entities allowing for something to happen inside; community gardens, stormwater management, squares, sport facilities or vegetation. Along the canal a diffuse row of threes marks a main path leading through the area and connecting to the landscape. The site is kept open in order to preserve some of the existing feeling. The path system is distributed
“Creating an interesting urban landscape” so that vertical lines are kept free allowing views and easy access to the canal at all times, while the horizontal lines are more meandering with the exception of a direct path leading to the new stop along the railway. The design values open space and seeks to preserve a transparency throughout the whole site using trees with light canopies to mediate the scale of the buildings and tall vegetation such as grasses to create smaller intimates spaces.
Strategy In order to preserve the history while adding to it the project very much works in layers. Keeping existing industrial buildings and old pavements on the first layer and then gradually adding to create a new story. A new path system is imposed on the whole site creating a structure mimicking the shapes found in the Dutch landscape and directly inspired by the reservoirs
Pathway
Vegetation strip
landscape planning
connected to the old factory found to the west. In order to integrate the site with the rest of the city sightlines are kept free from vegetation making the new sugar factory to the west visible and the city water tower along with two church towers in the east. The major issue on the site pertains to the problem of limited permeability. Access to the area is currently insufficient and has to be improved in order to invite people in. In order to connect the site with the rest of the city, our plan is to construct a bridge that would directly connect the site with Hoendiep in the North (Vinkhuizen District) and indirectly with the city centre. The areas of Hoendipen, Suikerfabrik and Stadspark could also be additionally merged with a placement of a ramp and a crossing over the railway (South). Several pedestrian paths and bicycle routes, most of which positioned along the waterfronts will be placed in order to allow a greater mobility within the site. The project proposes placing of a sidewalk and a bicycle route alongside the 4-lane road situated under the f¬lyover, connecting the existing horizontal pedestrian and bicycle route (underpass- roundabout) in the North with the pedestrian fl-yover-underpass in the South. This would allow for a diffused, but increased horizontal communication between the city centre and the site. Horizontal communication will be further strengthened by a bridge connecting the lower North –West corner of Hoendiep with the existing river basin and the landscape area behind it. Consequently, the city centre will become connected in a single line horizontally with the landscape that will serve as an urban nature preserve park. The main design action takes place along the canal using the shapes created by the path to activate the canal by drawing the water in but also for stormwater management creating a ‘blue’ belt along the canal. The southern part of the site is left open hoping to inspire different kinds of temporary uses. Southern area is a low maintenance area not demanding many resources because it is intended for future building lots.
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Visualisation showing the imposed layer of paths creating smaller entities with existing pavement and vegetation.
Visualisations showing our initial ideas for the landscape area west of the site. We intend to keep existing shapes and plantings excavating some of them and introducing more Crateagus and possibly some reeds. The area is not yet fully incoporated in the plan but will be in the next step.
Storm water management
Pathway
Conceptual north-south going section showing the relationship betweenthe path layer, vegetation and integration of water.
Canalslide
Group 2: By Susie Frederiksen, Marie Glad, Camilla Kjærgaard Hansen, Dusan Milovic
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A concept model of the redesigned space put into the context of the surrounding area. The project is located in a space on the western border of the city of Groningen, which is a former industrial area. The area is used for creating an open space with urban character and thus respecting the border of the city. The main aim of the project is to create strong cultural center surrounded by pleasant space for recreational and educational purposes. It is as well providing a connection between the center of the city and the rural area outside the city border. The main purposes of this design are to provide local recreational opportunities and to instal a new cultural center in Groningen enhance the character of the otherwise industrial area. This is achieved by creating different kinds of spaces focusing on various recreational activities and space for cultural purposes. By having a more urban character, the project respects the Stadspark, which is currently the most important green area of the city, but is more natural and romantic. The two should therefore create a non-competing open spaces.
The Water Use of water is one of the main features of the design, but it does not only act as a framing element, it is also one of the main attractions of whole space. Partly, the most important aim of the concept, is achieved by using water in various forms for both visual and
recreational purposes, and in various shapes and sizes. The main canal in the north is the existing one, used by boats, but the project reserved part of it also for a recreational purposes. Another canal is running through the center of the whole area. This one will be used explicitly for recreation and thus provide a safe play area. The third canal, already existing, is framing the area in the south and dividing it from the railway.
The Core The central area of the project will be formed out of the existing buildings and its surrounding open space and mosaic with a shallow channel cutting through whole area. This part of the project is framed by channels from the north-west and from the easter side. The cultural center will be installed to meet the expectations of needs for free usable space. Its providing not just space for events like theater, exhibitions or concerts, but also space for permanent use like gastronomy and clubs as well as space for studios and workshops. To create this space, the main building will be remodeled and cut into half’s by a new created shallow channel. The chimney and the other existing building will be remodeled as well and if the provided space would be exhausted as it is expected or future needs make it necessary, a new building made out of the materials used on the mosaic, with a height
Logo of three line concept project. between the chimney and the factory building, should be added. This center will become a magnet for Groningen’s young and creative citizens.
The Mosaic The open space surrounding the culture center will be created out of a mosaic of different shaped polygons which as well vary in height and used surface material. Those could be wood, gravel, granite, grass and water. This mosaic is creating a carpet for the culture center, the new meeting point in western Groningen and provides a playful open space for relaxation and entertainment. The south of the terrain is elevated in order to create a sound barrier to reduce the noise effect of the railway. This terrain is covered with lawn and vegetation.
The three lines Three main lines are creating the backbone of the area. Together with the other main pathways, lines are cre-
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
The floating culture factory
ating a web of connections and they give a structure to the project area as well as open it for the public and guide pedestrians and bikers into the area. These main lines are located along the southern side of the existing channel connecting the area with the center of Groningen and from the Energieweg towards west, across the channel, including the former flooding fields into the area. To make this ways exceptional and more noticable, a bright material is used to pave them. Those three clear lines are as well the base for the logo, which is a simplification of the master plan. The new path system will provide plenty of access possibilities and therefor as well many ways to enter or leave in case of an emergency. The channel in the north west of the culture center is formed into the shape of triangle, with stairs on the edge which are designed for sitting.
The Experimantal Areas Three areas are framing the culture center and its main open space. As huge parts of the land in the Netherlands are the result of the work of generations, a high value area like this should serve several purposes. Beside the recreational effect of any bigger useable open area in a city, the main character building feature should be of educational and economic nature. As an example a field of fast growing trees like willows can be created. This area can showing the different stages
Group 3: By Audrey Atchade, Norman Heidoetting, Lucie Provaznikova, Monika Rekos
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of life of a tree and could be used in the energy sector to produce pellets. All experimental areas can be separated to three different parts and one or all of them can provide space for developments which city might need in the future.
Diagram - new relation of water connections.
Diagram - the three line concept with most important passes.
Diagram - the culture center buildings. Limited number of buildings to keep open spece.
Diagram - the mosaic.
Diagram - the experimental areas.
Combination of layers.
Masterplan of the new cultural center in a specific relationship with water
Visualisation of the view on a small island with chimney. The island surface is covered with the same materials as mosaic and is connected to the mainland from two sides.
Visualisation of the overall view on the most important part of the project with cultural center in the background.
Group 3: By Audrey Atchade, Norman Heidoetting, Lucie Provaznikova, Monika Rekos
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Linear transformations Green corridor
Ferry terminal Bridge
Cultural building
Public building
Ferry terminal
Residential area Public building Pedestrian promenade
Canal Car access Square Main road Residential area Wild
Sugar Plant Orchard
Station
Playground Railway
Flower market
Green corridor
Masterplan of Sugar Plant site Groningen, Netherlands.
As stated in the design brief “Groningen wishes to be an experimental garden for new urban development.” The design intent is to produce a sustainable plan for the Sugar Plant Territory in Groningen. Taking into consideration the nearby university facilities, local commercial districts and further afield residential areas. It is situated in a central area to the existing city centre and would prove an advantageous area for redevelopment.
whereby the city and open spaces beyond the site can be connected and intertwined for maximum use and efficiency.
Green lines A strong green corridor through the site will increase accessibility andconnectivity. Enhancing the space
for residential and public open space (POS). Providing an escape for the existing commercial district. The green areas will connect the city, the landscape fringe and existing Stadspark. The theme for the green corridors will resonate with wildscapes that are largely unfamiliar in the Netherlands. Where dandelions would reach sky-
ward out of concrete cracks a whole urban wildscape will grow and evolve in areas of the vacant industrial site. Softening the existing hardlines and definitive concrete construct.
Water lines The existing canal creates a pulse and rhythm through the city plan. Em-
Sugar Plant
Sugar Plant
Sugar Plant
“...the site will increase accessibility and connectivity” Green lines (landscaping), Waterlines (exisitng body of water) and increased residential zones are the three priority issues being addressed in the design concept.
Concept The design aims to create a hub
Green corridor: connecting spaces
Water structure: expands into the area
Living green: grows across the area
Privat
Ferry terminal Public
Ferry terminal
Privat
Sugar Plant
Sugar Plant
Sugar Plant Train Station
Transit lines: improving and increasing accessibility
Housing footprint
Residential and public areas: defining different zones Group 4: By Cinta Gomez, Diana Avery, Milan Muldenhawer, Søren Lahn
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phasis will be given to this vein by drawing the canal into the site. Creating more moments and activity on the waterfront. This would include premium residential sites along the water edge and public open activity spaces.
“... redesigned into a unique junction for the city and landscape beyond” Connecting lines The connecting lines are defined by non-negotiable boundaries of the existing trainline and main canal. Creating a triangular area to be redefined and redesigned into a unique junction for the city and landscape beyond.
Transit lines New transport terminals will be created. Lending to accessibility and increased connectivity between different areas of Groningen. For example connecting the open arable landscape on the city fringes with the existing city centre. Cycleways and walkways will be developed and integrated into the site. Allowing fluidity across and through the space, connecting with exsitingpathways. A new street has been designed through the site connecting with existing roadways. Providing access for vehicles. Car parks will be integrated where applicable leaving majority of the area a traffic free zone.
Visualisation of the green corridor.
Concept of the planting area: A grid structure with different types of vegetation.
Design progression The model has evolved from conceptual stage to a more textural experience. Elevating the vegetation areas and integrating them with the canal structure and housing typologies. Water structures have been categorised into hierarchies that include the main public canal, activity areas, private streams and drainage.
Starting phase
2 years
10 years
Planting palette The green corridor will be distiguished by a rigid row of trees creating a lineal experience across site from north south. The corridor will be designed using one species. The existing tree groves will be maintained with additional ones incorporated into the design. Very structured planting areas will be populated with an array of different plants species. These will include stylised wildscaping, orchards and more structured green squares. Starting with immediate rehabilitation that transcends into more mature growth vegetation and habitat.
Groningen - Sugar plant Concrete and vegetation
Sitting area - Hard edge to water
Public bath - Hard edge to water
Two types of edges in public canals: stylised wetland and activity area.
Back garden - Soft edge to water Amsterdam - Ijburg Back garden - Soft edge to water
Front garden - Hard edge to water
Two types of residential typologies along water edge.
Group 4: By Cinta Gomez, Diana Avery, Milan Muldenhawer, Søren Lahn
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Developing contrasts highway existing vegetation
existing commercial zone
experimental square
canal
path
existing vegetation
existing chimney wetland transition
existing building
central open space
view square
vegetation rows - plant nursery existing building railway
existing commercial zone
N
Plan over the site showing the startingpoint with the grid plantings in organized rows which contrasts the green belt of exisiting vegetation that emerges quickly. Scale 1:3000 .
In the Netherlands you will find polders used for watermanagement and fields for production as a very strong structure in the cultural landscape. The Cityfield is a transformationprocess for the former Sugar Factory in Groningen that rely on a concept of production. Trees and temporal use are crops and the harvest over time will be new social city spaces and relations between the site and the city. Through the use of plants in a dynamic and spatial way, areas for activities are created. This stands in relation to the existing buildings where activities are already taking place and these users can kickstart new activities around the area.
“...become an experimental garden for new urban developments.� By transforming the monofuntional factory area into a multifuncional urban greening project it will attract new
users and can be used as an asset in the city context. In this context the Universities within the city can be a stakeholder in the process and the big amount of students related to these can be the future users of the area. As a part of the existing city strategy the University can use parts of the area to improve the branding of the city as a city of talent. Together with the initiatives taking place on the site the area can become an experimental garden for new urban developments.
In the city context
The surronding areas can reflect on the site in a dynamic manor and strengthen the new identity. The area has dominant boundaries made by infrastructural elements. These needs to be preserved but a connection over the canal will ease the transformation at the site from being introvert to extrovert and being more accessible for users coming from the city. The railway is running next to the
UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY
INNER CITY
INDUSTRY WETLAND NEW SUGAR FACTORY STATION 50.000 students distributed over two universities which corre-
INDUSTRY
sponds to 25% of the citizens. App. 200.000 citizens in Groningen.
Areas surrounding the site can have a direct effect on the area.
site into the city where the station is located, why passangers travelling by train will have a visual contact with the site passing by. On the other site of the railway the Stadspark is found which is a romantic park and is also used for concerts and horseracing. Another nature area next to the site is the wetland used for water storage in connection to the sugar factory. This area could be transformed into a new naturearea with its own characteristic used for recreative purposes with boardwalks that gives another realtion to water than the surrounding canals.
New connections
Across the site an Europan area is located that can have an impact on the projectsite. The existing buildings and the Europan area can interact and be emphasizing the activities going on. Further on it can be the entrance to the site from the north. The connection to the city could be important to create in the early stage of the process, because the site is temporary and is supposed to be build on in 15-20 years. This way the impor-
Group 5: By Lisbeth Feldskou, wrj935 - Matilde C. Gomes, fzg216 - Nicolai L. Mortensen, ndq423 - Rasmus Weitze, nsj864
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tance of access to the new urban areas is already functioning when residences appear.
Urban greening
The open and empty surface at the site is transformed into a massive green area with spatial qualities and room for activities. The concept of planting is to establish vegetation in a grid structure with varying species that will support the
“The spatial development is created as the grid is transforming” development process on the site and will be greening the area in a short period of time due to the masses of plants. In the beginning the plant grid already creates areas and start defining future use. The trees will quickly form spaces where activity and recreation can take place. The spatial development is created as the grid is transforming and the closely planted areas contrasts with the areas where plants are removed and open spaces emerge both by strategic planning or by coincidence. In these clearings the nature can be left to its own for succession, activities or recreation. By using the trees as building elements supports the idea of temporality, where the site is “empty” until build on in 15-20 years. That way the area is in a process where there is value on short and long terms and the existing vegetation can be used strategically for implementing buildings in an area with fully grown trees.
The concept of planting the area in a grid structure supports the development process on the site and will be greening a big surface where buildings can be implemented in the end of the process.
Tree nursery
The trees that are removed over time from the gridstructure are replanted throughout the city as well as they are reused on the area in new structures. The grid plantings has the function of a nursery as well as green elements. Small trees are planted in rows and can develop over time while thinning is occuring to create beautiful and healthy trees. As this thinning happens the trees that are removed will be replanted in and around the city. This way the city will be greener while the site is developing and creating open areas concurrently with increased activity. This way the idea of sustainability is a part of the development. By moving the green structures outside the area and showing the citizens what is going on at the old sugar factory, the identity of the site will be strengthened and hopefully a rise in the number of users.
The green belt
Throughout the area a green structure formed by existing vegetation is telling the story of the before abandoned factory area. This structure contrasts the exact and organised grid plantings and
STARTING PHASE
Sketch collage visualizing how the gridplantings and the existing vegetation interacts together with paving that can be kept to tell the story of the former factory gives the area a different character that is simple and honest to the surroundings. The green belt is quickly established by existing vegetation that is emerging through the pavement. At this point especially two species are dominant: Salix caprea and Salix alba which is very quickly established and is not sensitive towards poor soils. By time the willows together with herbs will form a green element that creates different experiences and spaces. From the buildings the green belt will be present and stage the green weeds that breaks throug the paving.
DEVELOPMENT PHASE
URBAN GREENING
TEMPORARY USE
ATTENTION
BUILDING PHASE
Replanting tress that are removed from the site will strenghten the site identity. NEW FUNCTIONS
Group 5: By Lisbeth Feldskou, wrj935 - Matilde C. Gomes, fzg216 - Nicolai L. Mortensen, ndq423 - Rasmus Weitze, nsj864
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Structuring Space
AG R O
A XIS
D RECREATIONAL ZONE
ED
IC
AT E
C D
A
R
AX IT Y
IS
PRESERVED LANDSCAPE
EA
CULTURAL ZONE
PRESERVED LANDSCAPE
N Fig. 1. The site plan
Interior of the landscape The overall idea is to connect the city with the rural area and to create an area dedicated to different recreatinal and cultural activities. The old sugar factory buildings form the focal point of this area. The landscape provides a framework for recreative activities and a base for creative expression and eksperimental agriculture. The landscape as well as the constructions should be multifunctional. Temporary constructions can be added if or when needed. The landscape is structured by an axis running along the canal and connecting the city of Groningen with the rural landscape. The axis devides and continues on the other side of the water in a slight tilted direction. The original axis ends its path at the lake and the new axis moves towards the rural agricultural lands. The two axes are flanked by two rows of trees with a lifted crown, creating an enclosed space that allows for visual contact to both the water and the sugar plant area. At the break, the one row of trees are moved to the second axis, creating even more visual contact across the water. The area alongside the two axes is providing different types of recreational value. Coming from the city center, you first encounter a promenade with houseboats marking the beginning of the sugar plant area. When crossing the dedicated area, the area opens up on both sides, creating pathways both across the water and to-
wards the building. The original axis continues as a half open structure with a clear connection to the promenade and recreational area on the other side of the water.
rough expression of the industrial area invites to create new things, pioneering, exploring, regenerate a landscape and is contrast to the more planned area.
Dedicated area
Experimental agriculture
A centre area is created around the old buildings of the sugar plant. This is where the citizens of Groningen and tourists can meet and interact with the projects that are happening in the sugar plant territory. The main elements in the old building is a restaurant, exhibition spaces, rooftop gardens and temporary garden. Other areas can retain all kinds of activities such as market with locally grown vegetables and local made arts and crafts, relaxing recreational areas and water activities. The dedicated area continues over the new bridge and transforms into a recreational area facing the sun and the water. This area is more pruned and creates oppertunities for picnics, sunbathing, etc.
The flooding fields on the west part of the area are to be used for agricultural experiment on a bigger scale. The overall structure draws inspiration from the old agriculture land as a design concept. There are also possibilities for aquaculture.
Preserved landscape The rest of the area we want to keep as open as possible for experimentation. It is therefore kept in its current form, where the footprints from the demolished buildings could create a grid for the future use. Where more green volumes are needed, pavement is simply removed and natural successionis allowed. The place provides room for exploring and getting lost. There is space for the artists to work with the landscape. The
dustry is located both south and north of the area. Further away is the Stadspark to the south and housing areas to the north. The city centre is located approx 1,2 km east of the site.
Target group (users) The area is open to the public and everyone with an interest in arts and agriculture are potential users. Artists and agriculturists will be the initiators of activities on site, interacting with local citizens.
Time perspective The project is a permanent intervention in an ever changing landscape. It sets a framework for experimentation and different events where people meet. If in the future new housing is needed in the area, this project can function as a branding to attract new residents.
Connectivity The site is connected to the surrounding areas with bridges and tunnels for bicycles and pedestrians. Cars can access the area from the road under the viaduct to the east. Shopping and in-
Group 6: Linda Bonde, Sidsel M. Genee, Julie Lysemose, Simon Kallenbach Rasmussen
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Fig. 2. The division of the avenue. The straight promenade and the tilted pathway create two sightlines.
Fig. 3. A view over the recreational area and the old factory building standing out as a landmark.
Fig. 4. A natural grid is appearing in the existing surface. Remains from the original pavement, gravel and wild vegetation creates a structure that can be used when dividing the vast open space into different project areas.
Fig. 5. The large empty space is ideal for big constructions, huge art installations and other space consuming projects.
Fig. 6. Section of the northern recreational area with a sloping edge towards the water.
Fig. 7. Section of the avenue and promenade. The elevated area is made of the same paving material.
Fig. 8. Example of sightline. This is from ‘Werk aan het spoel’, The Netherlands.
Group 6: Linda Bonde, Sidsel M. Genee, Julie Lysemose, Simon Kallenbach Rasmussen
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Urban-waters Visiting the Netherlands has been an inspirational journey. Visiting the site has put things in perspective and has clarified the dimensions with which we are working. This paper will reflect on the initial design, before visiting the site, and the critiques. Then the paper will describe the model we made during the visit to the project area in Groningen. This visit has brought up new questions and discussions, which has resulted in a first draft of the master plan.
Critiques concept model: After the concept model presentation (figure 1) we have gotten critiques from the supervisors: • The plan lacks coherence and diversity of space. Many of the canals, roads and houses have the same dimensions, which results in a homogeneous (boring) area. • The relation to the site’s history is weak and banal. The complex process of making sugar is not integrated in the design. More research to the sugar making process is needed and the relation should be made subtler.
Site visit model: The critiques have been discussed during the visit. We have been struggling with the integration of the sites history and have researched the sugar making process. Watching historic film and analysing documentation has given us a better understanding of the sites history and its former use. However when we visited the site we experienced that most of this history has already been demolished. This led to the discussion if we should shift our focus from reinstalling historic elements, to creating a liveable neighbourhood while preserving existing historic
Fig.1 First conept model
Fig.2 site visit model
elements. Our site visit model in Groningen is a representation of the struggles we have had. Figure 2 displays the model made in Groningen. The model still has features from the first concept model: a decreasing building height towards the water, a decreasing building density towards the nature area and a dense plantation screening the railway and motorway. New elements are the way in which the water is included in the project area, the building typology, vegetation representing the former factory buildings and the introduction of a path following the former railway tracks.
Fig.3: plan of borneo sporenburg. we got inspired by the way the water is integrated in this project. (west 8, 2014)
From site model to first draft: After the site visit we’ve continued the discussions and decided that reinstallation of ‘already demolished’ historic elements does not make sense. We have shifted the focus to creating a liveable area in which the water plays an important factor. We have discussed what our target group(s) should be. We have read that the municipality of Groningen is aiming at binding the students after they finish their education (Groningen municipality,2010). Developing affordable homes for young people can achieve this. Groningen is also known as one of the leading cities regarding healthy ageing and works in close collaboration with HANNN (Healthy Ageing Network Northern Netherlands) and the Universities medical department (city of talent, 2014). Our aim is to create a ‘healthy’ environment suitable for a diversity of users. Visiting the Netherlands gave us more insights to the landscape in which we are working. The element that is present in almost all of the Netherlands is water. Almost half of the country is located below sea level protected by dykes and dunes. The Dutch have established themselves as water management masters. The water along the sugar factory area has also played an important role during the sugar production period. Goods were delivered and transported by ships and even on site there used to be gutters forming a transportation system for the sugar beets. The fact that water performs such an important role in the Dutch landscape and the importance of water during the sugar production period have made us believe that water should be considered as one of the main qualities of the project area. Visiting the Borneo-Sporenburg project designed by West 8 gave us
Fig.4: plan of Tuburg Syd based on a finger approach to create a transition between from land to water. (Bystrup,2014) inspiration for our further design (figure 3). We also examined the design for Tuburg Syd by Bystrup Arkitekten (figure 4) and found inspiration in the finger approach they used to create a transition from water to land.
First draft We have translated these land fingers into our design by introducing water canals into the project area. The water inlets are not aligned but lead to the southeast corner of the project area. Most buildings are placed parallel to the water bodies except for the preserved factory building and adjacent building. These two buildings stands out and form the centre of the project area at which a social/cultural square is situated. Positioning the buildings in an east-west direction will result in optimal sun and light conditions for the buildings. The infrastructure of the site has been divided for two separate users. The entrance for cars will be in the southeast corner parallel to the existing railway. Several entrances towards the residential buildings are attached to this main road making it possible for people to park their car close to home and commute easily within the area. A bridge from one of the land fingers is connecting the project area to the north of the channel
‘Hoendiep’. This bridge is only for pedestrians and cyclist and continues over the middle water of the project area leading visitors to the social/ cultural Square. The water bodies will have a direct connection to the ‘Hoendiep’ channel and will make it possible for boat owners to commute over water. The green-structure provides a variation between small pocket gardens, a sport area, a dense planting screening the highway and a wilder planting towards the nature area illustrated as a ‘Nature gate’. The next step in the design process is to create more detail and start making building typology catalogues, planting specifications and street profiles. This design is the first draft of the master plan and provides an insight in the proposed overall structure and flow we have tried to create.
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Cafe
Po ck et ga rd en
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Wooden bridge
Ho
end
iep Li ne ar
So ft w at er
A’
Sh op pi
pa rk
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B’ ng /L iv
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Se co nd
ar y ro ad
social/culture
Screening
square
Nature gate
vegetation Spor t area
ting
s exi g ldin u b i Sh
Visitor centre
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rail way
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0
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Fig.4 First draft of the master plan. The existing historic qualities are preserved in the existing factory building. This area will form the centre of the area and will function as a social/culture square. Towards the flowfields in the west the area gets more serene and this will function as a nature gate. The Hoendiep channel is brought into the project area by introducing three water bodies. A wooden bridge is connecting the area to the North and a pathway under the existing highway will connect the area to the east. The vegetation will perform various functions such as screening, nature transition and aesthetics
A’
A
B
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Fig.5 Section A-A’ captures the railway, main road, existing factory building and the social/culture square. The factory square will have a prominent place in the project area, as it will form the central gathering space together with shops and cultural functions. Section B-B’ represents the waterscape and the different water edges. The space between the buildings functions as a linear park with shared space where traffic is urged to slowly commute.
Fig.6: Inspiration pictures: The first picture displays row-housing at Borneo-Sporenburg with a garage on the mainfloor. The second picture displays the typical concrete slabs found at the site. These slabs can be used to construct the social/culture square close to the existing factory building. This will relate to the old industrial use of the terrain. The third picture displays a combination of various surfaces such as water, wood, grass, forest and pavement.
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Fields of Knowledge
research stations
new bridge
railway woodendecks
a
main square
microfields
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main access road
testing fields
footpath P sugar factory
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b
N “Masterplan, scale 1:5000.”
The historical layers Our proposal is anchored in the historical remains on the sugar factory site. The characteristic remaining buildings are put to new use, and with the huge remaining brick chimney, they provide a strong aesthetic identity to the site. The site also holds more hidden traces: The demolished factory buildings have left patterns on the surface of the site, and new vegetation is working it’s way up through the patterns, retracing the events of the past. Furthermore, century old land divides are still traceable as a underlying layer of the site’s layout, borders and direction. We have chosen to let these historical layers inspire our design, here-
Clearings by the water
Testing and recreation We propose a site that combines creative and scientific experiments with recreational value for the public. The site will provide 48 plots of land (testing fields) in various shapes and sizes that can be put to use for full scale testing and experimentation. Considering Groningen’s special status as a student city, we believe the site can become a satellite of knowledge for Groningen’s two universities. Depending on the needs of the university, the site could also service the municipality of Groningen, private or public associations
Vegetated area, based on existing vegetation
canal front
a
by letting the stories we could read in the site live on through our design.
New vegetated area
or individuals or other educatinal insitutions. Our main criteria for the conducted experiments, is that they can fit into a recreative, publicly accessible context. We imagine that the site could facilitate a wide variety of experiments in scientific fields as diverse as design, biology, horticulture, geography, engineering, multimedia and interactivity, sports, health, teaching, art and architecture. We do not wish to dictate the exact use of the testing fields. Ultimately, the needs of the users should define the activities taking place. In this way, the site’s history of production - originally as farming land, and later as a factory site - will continue in the shape of an updated contempo-
testing field ‘a’
rary production site: A factory producing knowledge and know-how. For the public, the site will be a place to visit, providing attractive recreational spaces and green areas, but alsoconstantly changing based on the current experiments and activities. The site will also be able to host recreational and creative events such as concerts, outdoor markets, open air cinema, exhibitions, festivals etc.
Built structures The old factory buildings, and the brick chimney will not be surpassed in size or height, and will be at the core of the site. We propose that the buildings are put to use in a combination of
testing field ‘b’
gravels roads between fields
testing field ‘c’
“Cross-section, scale 1:500” Group 8: By Lærke Keil, Sebastian Naumann, Louise Lunde, Christian Ankerstjerne
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A new layer of infrastrucure, recreational activites and connections
A new green layer, preserving and incorporating existing vegetation
Collage: Research stations and testing fields on the edge of a dense vegetated area, looking west towards the old factory buildings. Research stations are based on simple building modules.
Industrial heritage: the factory buildings
Old plot divides inspire a new grid of testing fields
Exploded axonometric diagram: The core elements of our design concept
Collage: Acivation of the meeting with the canal. The existing industrial dock is combined with new materials, floating platforms and vegetation to create different recreatinal spaces and connections by the canal.
restauration, cafes, administrative offices, meeting rooms, etc, while still preserving the large open rooms for special events. New buildings around the old factory remains will be smaller and with a more temporary aesthetic. The usage will be similar to that of the factory buildings, perhaps also containing small shops, workshops etc. In connection with the testing fields spread out across the site, we propse using building modules or containers in wood, metal or concrete, to research stations
create flexible research stations, that can be moved by truck or crane. These research stations are placed in clusters of 2-5 stations, sharing toilet facilities, power outlets etc. We propose that the clusters are situated on the border between vegetated areas and testing fields.
Vegetation: We believe that the current vegetation on the site tells an interesting story of natural succesion, and of na-
ture’s power to take over. We have preservde all the existing vegetation, that we found to be beautiful or interesting. The vegetation has been incorporated into new bigger vegetated areas. We would like to preserve the varied age of the vegetation on the site, and the educational aspect of observing natural succesions. A combination of no or, limited management and more planned new vegetations will create a diverse variety of green areas, creating recreational and aesthetical value.
dense vegetated area, based on existing vegetation.
The water We see the meeting with the water as a large quality, and we propose an activation of the waterfront, combing the existing dock with floating platforms to create recreational spaces and opportunities for water activities such as boating, pedalos, kayaking etc. The testing fields can also extend into the canal, if it is practically possible.
new vegetated area main access road
recreative clearing
new vegetated area towards the railway recreative clearing
b Group 8: By LĂŚrke Keil, Sebastian Naumann, Louise Lunde, Christian Ankerstjerne
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Preparing the future
“Ill. 1 - Picture of the masterplan of the Suiker Unie site in Groningen city.”
The transformation of the Suiker Unie site in Groningen city adresses some main issues including re-engaing the citizens by activating the site without money and creating a framework for future programs by temporary use.
The temporary use of space is flexible and provides the opportunity within this framework of uncertainty of the future. Thereby, it is possible to develop the Suiker Unie site step-by-step depending on investors, new plans etc. over the years. This new framework
will be capable of absorbing an endless series of transformation. Each step must be taken with the future in mind.
Two zones The site will be divided into two different zones depending on functions. On the one hand a series of small spots for gardening and on the other hand, a new center in relation with the existing buildings. The site will be a new public space where citizens and universities can share interests and enjoy the newly reclaimed area as a part of the city.
Time scale
Existing area - Industrial buildings
Step-by- step
Open space for future development
In the light of the above-described, this project suggests step-by-step spatial development which implies temporary use seen as a preparation of the future Suiker Unie site. Thereby, the
The approach is to develop the Suiker Unie site into an urban garden where citizens and students from the universities can own a small spot and use it as they want. As time goes, the whole area will be developed step-by-step as we want to prepare it for the future use, which probably is housing. First the small spots are being developed and used like gardens, then some of them will be transformed in favour of buildings, paths are getting bigger
so it is possible to enter by car and the development process will continue like that – from temporary/dynamic use into a more static landscape. Therefore, by using the step-by-step concept it is possible to takes advantages of the site’s potentials in shortterm while preparing and react to the future changes.
Landscape structure
“(...) this project suggest step-by-step spatial development which implies temporary use...”
Temporary use
Existing buildings
Although Groningen city has continued to grow demographically, the current economy is very limited which is a challenge in order to create and develop areas like the Suiker Unie site. Since 2009, the municipality of Groningen has therefore been experimenting with new forms of temporary area development and urban planning. At present, Groningen has more than enough locations avaible for housing, business, parks and offices, which is why the municipality, the owner, has no program for the Suiker Unie site the next 15-20 years.
project could be a low cost way to use the Suiker Unie area and at the same time adding values and programs for people and students who live there.
Year 2014
Step 1 - Urban gardening Year 2020 Step 2 - Build-up progress Year 2025 Step 3 - New Suiker Unie Year 2030
“Ill. 2 - The diagram shows the ‘step-by-step’ spatial development through years - from the existing area in 2014 to the final in 2030. The ‘landscape structure’ is the first element that will be installed as a framework for future development. After that, the surroundings, will slowly be build-up.” Group 9: By Trine Baarsøe Pedersen, Melissa Svendson, Esben Elleby Snitgaard , Maxime Cloarec
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Urban gardens: This zone will consist of several small spots/gardens. Citizens are responsible for their own spot and can use it as they want. The exact activity will of course depend on their interests and could for instance be urban gardening, outdoor study room etc. As the owners of each spot probably will be replaced through time, the area becomes dynamic and experiences will constantly change. The gardens will be of different scale which correspond to different needs now and in the future (Ill. 3).
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Pareclling : creating plots
Center: The central part of the whole Suiker Unie site will be transformed into a public area for more recreational use. The vacant industry buildings will be used and thereby give the citizens a great opportunity to have a place close to the gardens with social life, events etc. which creates a liveable atmosphere next to the canal. In addition to this, the center zone will allow potential investors and organizations to arrange events and activities.
Public spaces and connections
Connectivity The area will be connected to the city (east) as well as the agriculture site (west) by a green corridor running through the Suiker Uniue site. The corridor will create some “breaks” in the strict landscape pattern and thereby create some interesting natural experiences.
Landscape structure
Urban gardening and housing development
“Ill. 3 - Diagram showing the concept and the temporary use as a framework for future development”
Example 1
Housing
Landscape structure
Example 2
Housing
Landscape structure
Example 3
Housing
Housing
Landscape structure
Example 4
Housing
Landscape structure
“Ill. 4 - Diagram showing a future scenario with housing and four different green belts inbetween. ” Group 9: By Trine Baarsøe Pedersen, Melissa Svendson, Esben Elleby Snitgaard , Maxime Cloarec
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Changing Landscape
Pedestrian Link
Cut outs
Market Space Industrial Traces
Flowing Path
Research Area
South East Connection
100 m
The existing Sugar factory building is the focal point for connecting the site to its surroundings. A large public square matches the scale of the old chimney mill that is visually dominating from every vantage point across the site.
This paper investigates the site of the Sugar Plant Territory located near the center of the city of Groningen in the Netherlands. By connecting spaces through a strong path axis, the design hopes to intergrate a large student population with an old agricultural site.
The Netherlands is generally a flat country, which is one of the reasons why bicycling is so common amongst all ages across the country. This also applies to the city of Groningen, but here the city center is divided by the canal, making it harder to pass and get to where you are going. 50% of all trips in Groningen are made by bicycle.
High student population The city of Groningen has a population of almost 200,000 people, of which 25% of them are students. The University of Groningen (Rijeksuniversiteit) and the Hanze University of Applied Science are the two higher educational institutions in the city.
“Housing is often unaffordable and too expensive for the students” Housing is often unaffordable and too expensive for the students, there is simply not enough of them. The site’s close proximity to the city centre and nearby University facilities offers potential as a new student accommodation zone.
Goals - Reconnect the isolated former factory area to its surroundings. - Make large student population a driving influence on the development of the site. - Create more dwellings for students. - Reinterpreting the original forms of the Sugar Mill area. The site is to include three major functions; new affordable student accommodation and research facilities, eclectic public spaces, and transitional areas.
Production and Research Space Groningen was and still is an influential trade city. The site - Sugar Plant Territory - was used to process sugar.
It closed down in 2008/2009. The west side of the area, the flooded fields, was where the sugar plant released waste material from sugar beets. Now it is not used, and with the sugar factory gone, the area will slowly dry out. The suggestion is therefore to activate the flooded fields by growing vegetables and fruit, and use the site area to distribute it, sell it and gather people around the activity on the site. In this sense there will be a link to the production field by introducing a commercial use that includes the students living there and other residents that have an interest in urban agriculture. The link to the history will be visible and the future will be open and influenced by the students, and the people living there.
Geometry as Connection Conceptual geometric connections were established based on the orientation of the existing buildings and paths that bordered the site. After identifying key potential entry points, these linear connections were challenged and broken down to allow for more visibility and accessibility, with the existing industrial tower as the focal
point for movement. Barriers to pedestrian movement have isolated the site and connecting the former sugar factory area to its surroundings is seen as a vital step in bringing the site to life. Opportunities to repair these connections include a pedestrian bridge over the canal (which is currently planned), a path under the major highway on the east and a link crossing the railway which leads to a large recreational park to the south.
Linear Patterns and Voids In order to strengthen the contrasting geometric connection lines, a linear pattern of the agricultural fields that lie to the west, was superimposed over the site. This pattern is a recurring image in the Dutch landscape and was used as a framework for further design. The voids are to be filled in with paths, parks, community gardens, buildings and informal recreational activities. The lines themselves could also be imagined as a row of trees, walls and paths similar to that of the dyke forms that are common in the tidal zones which were formerly used in sugar beet production. Alternatively
Group 10: By Michael Alderman, Amra Ljubijankic, Signe Lilleskov Nielsen, Sif Peiter Lund
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the lines would be removed if there wasn’t a suitable reason for keeping them, they are a design tool to test and create new spaces.
“This ´flowing path´, like water, will begin to both cut away from the grid and also mould into it.” After establishing where the major path and openings should be located, the spaces left (voids) would be flexible to changing functions. This ´flowing path´, like water, will begin to both cut away from the grid and also mould into it. The edges, where the interactions between open path space and the linear pattern occur, will have differing and interesting forms that will encourage varying experiences.
Conceptual spaces
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FOOTPRINTS FROM FACTORY
FACTORY AS FOCALPOINT
Figue 1. Illustration showing how existing traces and new programmes shape and pull the pedestrian path to promote a rich pedestrian experience. PHASE ONE
PHASE THREE
PHASE TWO
PHASE FOUR
The linear patterns of the design deliberately contrast to the existing park, Stadspark, to the south of the site where the curving paths and rolling lawns begin to mimic an idealistic nature. While experimenting with test models, the need to strip back some of the detailed elements became clear. This was to reveal a clearer conceptual design that allowed room for changes, as further information was gathered.
Figue 2. There are four main phases in the evolution of the site. Establishing the large public square as a community hub is seen as a critical step in inviting pedestrian activtiy and promote further development.
Path - Edge Interaction The flowing path is influenced by existing features spread throughout the site, including established trees, silo footprints and the factory building itself. New designated open spaces will also allow for opportunities to explore beyond this main transitional path and connect the broader site both visually and physically. These destinations hook and pull the path, promoting an engaging pedestrian experience. Materiality is an important tool in establishing boundaries between the primary pedestrian path and secondary movement and In an effort to retain some of the existing footprints and traces of the old factory landscape, the grid pattern was aligned to some of these hard edges. The aim was to mesh a cross section of the existing structures, as ‘cut outs’, with new buildings and greenways. These existing materials could also be used in future design to retain a sense of place, so that new built form belonged in this landscape.
Emerging through the cracks
Raw materials of old industrial landscape
Leaving traces of the past
Figue 3. Existing materials will be imortant in creating a link to the site’s heritage. Vegetation taking over concrete landscape will be a common image in the ‘void’ areas.
Evolution The plan shown is a long term strategy for the development of the site. Therefore the project is divided into four phases, to provide a framework for future works: Phase One: The main public square in front of the factory building is the first. (After one year) There are already plans to build the pedestrian bridge that connects the square with the shopping area (north). This square is seen as a focal point to attract people to the site, and as a starting point for exploration. Weekly markets may attract large gatherings and begin to establish a community atmosphere within the site.
Phase Two: The flowing path connecting the east west axis is established including new entry points. (After 5 years). It is now easier to get to the people into the area and this is expected to bring a greater opportunity to develop further infrastructure with increased pedestrian activity. Plantings throughout the site will also create visual axes. Phase Tree: Some of the main grid lines will be established. (After 10 years) Plants and larger trees will have grown and canals to be built. The grid pattern lines are now very visible as a path framework is laid out in preparation for future development. Remain-
ing space and voids may be used for temporary parks and informal play spaces. Phase Four: The buildings are seen as the last step. (After 20 years) The path network will inform where new built form shall be situated, but is adaptable to how the new park and path spaces are being used. Planted trees will be almost fully developed. Three main sizes of built form were chosen to allow for varying spatial experience and functions.
Group 10: By Michael Alderman, Amra Ljubijankic, Signe Lilleskov Nielsen, Sif Peiter Lund
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Site of Succession
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Masterplan for the old factory site of Suiker Unie. 1:5000
The existing surface at the Suiker Unie with wild growing willows. THE SITE The Sugar Plant Territory is situated in an industrial area close to the city centre of Groningen, which is a University city and the 6TH largest city in the Netherlands. According to the Atlantic, Groningen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world. The surroundings of the old sugar plant are characterized by industrial areas, wetlands, housing areas and a public park; Stadt Park. The landscape is low and flat and dominated by canals and river deltas. The area was the location of the sugar factory Suiker Unie, which closed in 2008.
HISTORY AND STRATEGY The strategy is to build upon the historical traces of the sugar industry. We redesign the old sugar house by adding modern materials to the old building and create buildings that contains a strong visual identity and a natural connection. The landscape strategy is based on the idea to improve and expand the existing green structure of the city of Groningen with respect of the natural species. The aim is to increase the biodiversity in an area with an industrial atmosphere.
CONCEPT The overall concept of the site is to create an island of culture near the city of Groningen with buildings for cultural events, activities and recreational experiences that will attract a mixed user group. We would like to keep the industrial feeling that is significant for this area by using materials of metal, bricks, steel and concrete combined with glass. The glass will strengthen the reflections from the water and the colours of the wetland with grass, soil and different organic structures.
The area will have a natural connection to the city of Groningen with easy accessibility for pedestrians, bicyclists, trains and cars. SHAPING THE ISLAND The island is shaped by the existing canals on the north – and west side and the highway. The canal on the south side is largely extended to strengthen the concept of an island and to create a space for different experiences and uses. By embracing the existing railway along the southern side, we draw attention to the infrastructure to make the edge visual.
Group 11: By Justyna Chmielewska , Lasse Bøtker Hansen, Inger Marie Mulvad, Caroline Grenaa Németh
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Diagram 1, Connecting the site to the city bikepath system. is on the picture, but also helps telling the whole story.”
Diagram 2, Connections between the centre of Groningen and the city park.
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Diagram 3, Railwvay, highway and canals proclaims the idea of an isolated island.
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Diagram 4, System of canals and wetzones. The black indicates vere we intend to change the watersystem.
CONNECTIONS The island will be connected to its surroundings both by a green structure, bridges and pathways. The green structure connects the island to the city of Groningen and to the Stadt Park. The link to the Stadt Park is emphasized by creating a green promenade running along the north south going canal. The island will be connected to the city’s existing bike path system and will also lead to both the city center and the Stadt Park. The railway is linked to the site by adding a station and thus changing it from a border into a means of accessing the area. There will be pedestrian/bicycle bridges crossing the canals. PATHS One of the main aspects in our project is formed by two diagonal pathways that cut through the Island, dividing the site into different areas. A flow along the site is emphasized in a wooden deck, connected to the different areas of experience on the south side of the island. PLANT STRATEGY Wild growing willows are popping up in the coated surface, creating an artistic expression and a feeling of abandonment. We will use this succession of plants as a sustainable strategy for greening the sugar-factory-site, making it attractive for visitors.
Visualization showing the terrasse at the southern side of the Suiker Unie Factory.
View to the north western wetlands showing the athmosphere of the area.
BUILDING STRATEGY The old sugar factory is preserved as a main building for cultural events. Along the two diagonal paths, greenhouse-buildings made from steel and glass is placed to enhance our concept and to create some different spaces to be used for various cultural events. LIGHTNING Along the highway to the east, an enlightened see-through sound barrier will interplay with lights in the greenhouses, tying the entire area together and making it visible.
glass house
Visualization showing the wooden pathway near the canal at the southern side.
pathway
canal
Principle section of the glass house and the wooden pathway near the canal at the southern side.
Group 11: By Justyna Chmielewska , Lasse Bøtker Hansen, Inger Marie Mulvad, Caroline Grenaa Németh
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The imprint of the site Green Areas The
City
Ma in En tra n
ce
Urban Squares
Experimental Zones
Parking Space
The Wetland nd Urban Square arou the sugar plant
Masterplan: The project consist of a mosaic of intertwining elements: Water channels, Paths, buildings and area programs. The areas are divided into 3 different kinds; Green areas, Urban squares and experimental zones.
This project works with the existing patterns that can be found on the former sugar plant factory site in Groningen. The pattern creates different sized spaces that are imagined to facilitate experiments both by artists and university students in Groningen. The sugar factory is located a little outside the city centre of Groningen. Today the production is closed down, and only two old buildings and a chimney remain. Except for the buildings, the 130 ha site contains remaining pavement where vegetation is slowly taking over.
A pattern The pavement and vegetation on the site are forming an interesting pattern
“...the site is based on the existing patterns...” that changes form throughout the site. This pattern reflects how the site used to look before the factory was closed and the buildings torn down. The pat-
tern has an interesting connection to the remaining buildings and the history of the site. Another interesting aspect of the pattern is the way it creates opened and closed spaces of many different sizes. These spaces present opportunity for facilitating a range of experimental and temporary projects that need physical space.
Design The main planning of the site is based on the existing patterns created by pavement and vegetation. These imprints, creating a network of paths, inspire the plan we have created. Not all the lines are kept and some are abstracted but overall the feeling is kept intact and has three different styles. Starting from the east, due to the minimal existing lines, new lines are added which connect with the surrounding neighbourhood. Low vegetation and temporary shipping containers will be used to create different open spaces ready for temporary use. This part of the site is also connected
with the two-story road that we have chosen to integrate into the site visually. By placing a canal on the west of the high way we are somewhat mirroring the opposite side- a green area with a small canal- while allowing the viewer to see the highway and its raw industrial elements from a distance. The area under the highway is therefore an important element that isn’t hidden but rather emphasised as an anchor. In the middle of the site where the
remaining factory buildings are located there is a clear grid pattern with strong straight lines that follows the old building structure. We wish to keep this area quite open, so the factory buildings will be prominent in the landscape. This area will become the centre of the site, where people gather and events can be held, such as weekly markets or annual festivals. Strong visual connections from the new bridge will emphasis the importance of the area.
city entrance
sugar plant train corner wetland shacks Diagram: Four anchor points are situated around the site as places for buildings. The anchor points connects visualy. Group 12: By Olivia Day, Signe Hvergel Peterssen, Kristine Understrup, Troels Bak Wahlgreen.
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The western side of the area has a very clear and unique pattern. Opposite the grid lined structure in the middle of the site, the pattern is more organic whilst at the same time consists of structured shapes. Here the clear shapes can be used as showcase platforms whilst being integrated into large experimental workshop areas.
Anchor Points Each of the three areas contains an anchor point of larger built structures. The old factory buildings are a natural landmark and the most important of the site. The eastern area marks the entrance to the site and will consist of tall built structures that anchor its relation to the city. The western area will act as an anchor that creates a connection to a bigger wetland, located west of the site. The anchor points will help create a flow across the site, and create an atmosphere in each subarea.
Connections A very important aspect of the project is how to enter the site. We have chosen the northeastern part of the site to focus the main entrance. From the city an angled bridge across the canal cre-
Visualization: View from the eastern part of the site towards the main square in front of the old factory. Water is brought in across the site.
Buildings
Area program
Path System
Vegetation dividing the containers in the experimental zones. ates a strong view toward the old factory. The appearance of the road will be changed in connection to the placement of the eastern landmark, creating an interesting entrance to the site. A visual connection will be created underneath the raised highway. The space underneath the highway will be approached more artistically; creating an experience for drivers passing by that visually connects to the site.
pavement and water. A great path system will connect the site, and act as the most important element when the site evolves over time. The vegetation and pavement together will create the different spaces that will have changing sizes and functions. We wish to bring water into the site, which connects to a new canal along the railway and along the main road. The water paths act as lines in the main pattern as well.
Water Channels
The Site
Diagram: The project contains several layers.
Elements The elements that will be used to create the patterns are paths, vegetation, Group 12: By Olivia Day, Signe Hvergel Peterssen, Kristine Understrup, Troels Bak Wahlgreen.
u n i v er si t y of c ope n h age n
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All pace park Forest
Deck
Forest
Canal Deck
Forest Prennials
Lawn with groups of trees
Gravel with rows of trees
Gravel
Terraces Perennials
Lawn with
Lawn with
Forest Lawn
groups of trees
groups of trees Forest
Fig 1. Masterplan (in development).
This paper further investigates the potentials of the sugar plant area on the basis of a site inspection made during the field trip. Based on new found knowledge of the site the paper presents a new concept for the future design of the area. After having inspected the site it is clear that, first of all, when you try to enter the area, there is a real problem with the accessibility. The site is cut off from the surrounding areas from all sides by the railway, canal, discon-
“there are no visual barriers such as buildings, topography and vegetation or anything to bring it down to human the scale.” nected vast wetlands and the highway. There is a need for connecting the area to the surroundings and make it more
accessible as there is currently only one access point for pedestrians and cyclists, which goes under the highway. This path is really unwelcoming with no aesthetic value and one does not feel safe at all. Especially at night the safety issue could be a real problem. Capacity of space is also limited by the low accessibility. The former sugar plant area has no variation in the topography except for the difference between the ground and the canal. At the moment, the site appears almost too large, as there are no visual barriers such as buildings, topography and vegetation or anything to bring it down to human scale. The two remaining buildings and the old chimney are the only elements that provide any volume and as such they completely dominate the site. From the rooftop of the main building there is a splendid view to the surrounding areas like the wetlands, the city centre and the nearby Stadspark. From the site ground you have a view to the vast wetlands located west of the area. The wetlands are overgrown by natural pioneer vegetation which is a nice contrast to the in-
Fig. 2. The design of the sugar plant site is inspired by Riemer Park in Munich, Germany where large forest belts hold on to the surroundings. (www.goethe.de) dustrial site and the surrounding build up structures. On the sugar plant site natural succession is also happening as annuals, perennials and trees such as Salix, Fraxinus and Acer are occurring in every crack in the pavement. The asphalt, concrete and natural vegetation currently create an interesting
mosaic structure throughout the area.
New concept The new design for the sugar plant site is inspired by the Riemer Park on the former airport ground in Munich, Germany. Riemer Park is a landscape
Group 13: By Cristina Conciatu, Ida Løvenkjær, Josef Salac & Malene Bang
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Fig. 3. Collage showing the spatial atmosphere of the landscape rooms. Rows of trees frame the remaining buildings and pay homage to the former sugar plant which was so important to the city of Groningen as well as forming a space for special events.
park with unclear boundaries, as large forest belts stretch out into the surroundings. The design for the sugar plant site works on the same principle as large forest plantings functioning as noise barriers continue out of the site and thereby connect the area to the surroundings on a larger scale. The forest belts form a funnel that opens up towards the open wetlands and narrows in near the city. Between the forest plantings the area is arranged in different landscape rooms structured in a north-south going direction with clear edges and boundaries as seen all over Holland. The structure also resembles the original Dutch agricultural landscape that is arranged in long narrow fields. The landscape rooms are of varying character, thus providing an exciting experience of the park
“The design experiments with the experience of the park at different speed.” as the landscape changes as you move through it. The landscape rooms work with different heights in the vegetation to bring dynamics to the site. It can be an open lawn with groups of trees, paved squares with straight rows of trees and lower hedgerows surrounding a perennial ground cover. In the far western corner the terrain is terraced down towards the canal, giving people the opportunity to sit by the water.
The area will be easily accessed either from one of the two decks from the Hoendip neighbourhood, the entrance from the highway or from one of the two entrances in the eastern and western corner of the area. A straight path system will make it possible to cross the area without difficulty and a more organic shaped path will form a “slow route” for those who wish to enjoy the park in a slower pace, smell the flowers and stop for a rest underneath the trees. The design experiments with the experience of the park at different speed. For cyclists passing through at approx. 20 km/hrs the different landscape rooms will pass by like moving images, almost like a film making the sugar plant site an exciting passage. Pedestrians taking the “slow route” or people passing on the canal the landscape rooms will be experienced at a much slower pace. Pedestrians will be able to experience the landscape rooms more intimately as they will be able to smell the flowers and stop for a rest underneath the trees.
Fig. 4. Diagram showing the different layers of vegetaion, from the very low to the high elements.
Low: Lawn, gravel and perennials
Middle: Hedgerows
References Fig. 2 . Krajinný park Riem [online], Available from http://www.goethe.de/ins/cz/pro/architekturspaziergang/muc/10_riem/4gr.jpg [Accessed 13.05.2014]
High: Forest and trees
Fig. 5. Principle section through the different landscape rooms; here lawn with groups of trees, perennials framed by low hedgerows and a gravel square with straight rows of trees.
Group 13: By Cristina Conciatu, Ida Løvenkjær, Josef Salac & Malene Bang