landscape preservation ™ camouflage azpml
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law 4178/2013. annex 60.
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law 4178/2013. a new legal framework. An estimated 50,000 hotels, found mostly in coastal regions, are illegally operated or informally constructed in Greece. Illegal hotels are part of a larger problem of illegal construction in Greece: rumors are that most built structures are in violation of current building codes, but given the absence of an accurate record of the current building stock, this is a difficult assertion to make. Law 4178/2013, “Tackling illegal building works, Safeguarding Environmental Harmony and other Provisions�, was passed by the Greek Parliament on 08/08/2013, as a solution to the financial problems of the Greek State, but also as a way of legalizing the building stock. The law recognizes two objectives: - To diminish illegal construction practices. - To settle the existing illegal building works. All structures built without planning permission or spaces inconsistent with the purpose stated in the approved plans of the building permits are subject to penalty, but the penalty can be settled by paying a fine of 500 euro to the Greek Tax Office and a one-time fee to the Greek State which is determined by year of construction, market value of property, and severity of illegal construction activity.
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proposed annex 60 to law 4178/2013, applicable to sites of significant natural beauty. While we applaud the ruthless pragmatism of Law 4178/2013, we believe that some additional measures of architectural nature should be applicable in order to protect the integrity of the Greek landscape, the real raison d’etre of tourism. Our proposal is to pass an additional requirement for legalizing construction in sites of significant natural beauty, in order to preserve the beauty of the Greek Landscape. To address landscape integration requirements, we propose a camouflage preservation legislation – Annex 60 – to be determined also as part of the new legal framework. In this annex to Law 4178/2013, additional measures of architectural nature for those buildings located in Landscapes of Significant Natural Beauty are defined. Those measures will be directed to diffuse the obnoxious presence of touristic developments throughout the beautiful Greek landscape with the deployment of site-specific camouflage technologies. Should this pioneering experiment become successful in Greece, it could certainly be exported to other beach touristic destinations around the Mediterranean: Spain, Italy, France, Turkey, and the new developments on the African coasts, increasing the tolerance of coastal landscapes to absorb ever increasing amounts of coastal construction without spoiling the natural beauty. Greek companies, in possession of the adequate expertise, will be in an ideal position to export these technologies across huge markets around the Mediterranean Basin.
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fine reduction incentives. The Ministry of Public Works and Climate Change has signed a new framework for 50% compensation of the fines for arbitrary settlements through Law 4178/13, in regards to upgrading the energy efficiency of buildings that were built before 2003. Through the incorporation of Annex 60, we propose that landscape restoration upgrades also be accounted as part of the new framework for compensation. The nature of landscape restoration upgrades are described as follows: Interventions involve the building envelope camouflage (including windows/terraces/etc) and the surrounding landscape within the boundaries of a property. Interventions should be in accordance with the minimum requirements of the law for landscape integration in coastal regions set by the GLPC (Greek Landscape Preservation Commission). An amount up to 50% of the total fee of the arbitrary settlement will be excluded if the proposed landscape intervention reduces the Building-Landscape-Glitch ratio as speculated in the SNBR (Significant Natural Beauty Ranking) defined for the area of intervention. Site inspections and aerial surveys will be carried out for B-L-G calibration.
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Illegal Building Works 37°04’00.69” N
25°06’43.94” E
Illegal Building Works 37°04’00.69” N 25°06’43.94” E
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Illegal Building Works 37°02’36.81” N
25°06’35.43” E
Illegal Building Works 37°02’36.81” N
25°06’35.43” E
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Illegal Building Works 37°03’53.71” N
25°06’39.30” E
Illegal Building Works 37°03’53.71” N
25°06’39.30” E
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camouflage preservation. If Law 4178/2013 normalizes the erasure of identity, the proposed Annex 60 aims to solve the conflict between touristic development and the integrity of the Greek landscape. The new technologies of Camouflage Preservation are aimed at preserving the identity of the Greek landscape in the face of unavoidable touristic development. Camouflage Preservation is the deployment of a range of technologies aimed at the confusion between buildings and their surrounding landscape. They can be implemented through a set of economic measures, ranging from painting or mirroring to planting, possibly generating a whole new industry of camouflaged awnings, smoked glazing in hues inspired by sunglasses, geographically calibrated camouflaged tiling systems for ceramic materials, or enameled steel paneling.
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Before Annex 60 Case Study (Camouflage Preservation)
After Annex 60 Case Study (Camouflage Preservation)
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precedent influence. Methods of camouflage were rigorously explored to develop the technologies of Annex 60. Early textbooks analyzing camouflage techniques in the natural world such as Adaptive Coloration in Animals by Hugh B Cott and The Colour of Animals by Sir Edward Bagnall Poulton defined the possible variations of crypsis, which means blending with the background. Large scale concealment strategies for the military was heavily researched and deployed throughout World War II. Entire military bases were hidden in Southern California, with the help of local movie studios, from aerial attacks by means of chicken wire, netting, paint, and canvas. The inspiration for deploying architectural devices that could be used to produce an envelope to camouflage buildings are found in modern patterns, such as the digital camouflage developed by Timothy O’Neill as well as through generic and cost effective materials ranging from sunglass lenses and paint pantones. Drone surveillance defense and “glitching” were examined as an approach towards aesthetic secrecy.
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Adaptive Coloration in Animals
Industrial Manual Camouflage
Hugh B Cott
Pratt Institute
Military Base
Camouflage Netting
Southern California
Schloos Linderhof, Germany
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Sunglass Lens Variations
F-16 Digital Camouflage Simulation
Gone in 60 Seconds / Kill Bill Volume 1
Hyperstealth
Paleis Noordeinde, The Hague
Clouds (Glitch-Art)
Google Earth
Viktor Arce
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three methods. Camouflage Preservation is supported by optical technologies capable of analyzing the luminic and chromatic conditions of a certain enclave, processing them through camouflage-generating algorithms influenced by the most common perception locations around buildings. Camouflage Preservation technologies can be divided in three main technologies: 1. material camouflage Implemented through the wrapping of a building in local vegetation, soil, or other natural materials. 2. mirroring Depending on the viewpoint, a strategy of selective mirroring may be used to diffuse the building’s figure within the surrounding landscape. 3. cladding Consists of the application of a material layer that will reproduce the chromatic range of a given enclave through enveloping technologies.
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nude structure
1. material camouflage
2. mirroring
3. cladding
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case study: the saladi hotel.
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case study: the saladi hotel in peloponesos. The Saladi Hotel is the project we have chosen as a case study for Annex 60. The Saladi Hotel was built during the 1960’s in a beautiful cove in the Peloponesos, about 100 miles south of Athens. Salanti Beach, nestled in an isolated coastline, was the first nudist centre on the mainland and provided nudists with a beach only steps away from their hotel rooms. The Saladi Hotel was designed as a generic modernist hotel typology with a double access corridor down the middle. It contained about 300 rooms with views of the beach. The hotel is currently abandoned, and while it was built legally, it is not up to code by today’s standards. Because of its current state, and its paradigmatic design, the Saladi Hotel is a perfect example of a standard touristic eyesore, spoiling the beauty of the Greek landscape.
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel view from Salanti Beach
Case Study: Saladi Hotel West facade
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history: nudist tourism and protests. The Saladi Hotel was operating as a successful, nudist-friendly tourist destination until local protests erupted in opposition to the naturism. The protests succeeded in banning nudity, but the hotel couldn’t sustain itself without the attraction. The business had to eventually shut down due to lack of income, leaving behind a deserted building. The case study tests the visual effects of camouflage to dissolve the building within the natural environment, paradoxically “dressing” the nude, modernist mass into a “nature suit.” A custom-made, synthetic-yet-local identity is deployed to cover the naked body of the modernist hotel, hopefully to receive a population of naked bodies again.
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West German tourists bare all for Aegean sun. About 300 West German nudists lolled about in the buff at a sun-drenched Aegean resort despite a virulent crusade by-moralists opposed to nude beaches in Greece. A planned weekend demonstration by local bishops and moralists from nearby communities against the nudist beach failed to materialize, but spokesmen said they would not give up the fight. The controversy began when a West German nudist group, calling itself the Free Body Culture, based in Bad Nauheim, booked the Salanti Beach Hotel for 280 members for the summer. The booking was sanctioned by the governmental National Tourist Organization, after it investigated the nudist group and found it consisted mainly of middle-class professional people who enjoy nature with their entire families. Greek laws, strictly interpreted, treat nudism as a minor crime and every year scores of foreign nudists discover that baring all near inhabited areas routinely brings short suspended jail terms from local courts. Greek authorities, anxious to compete with the tourist trade of all other Mediterranean nations which operate nudist beaches, have allowed the informal operation of such beaches. Bishop Ierotheos of the nearby island Hydra called it "invasion of foreign immorality," and organized an anti-nudist demonstration at which sign-carrying moralists set a Sunday deadline for the nudists to leave or be thrown out. The deadline passed without incident, but Ierotheos said he will not abandon his struggle "until the German nudist camp is abolished." 'Shameful' Bishop Chrysostomos of Nauplion, the area's largest town, said the church "will not allow nudism to be accepted in Greece. The church holds itself responsible for the people. With the people on its side the church will face the shameful nudists with the methods of God." The government, however, is not prepared to allow the anti-nudists to spoil the country's reputation as a tourist paradise. "The majority of the Greek people are not bothered by nudism if it is practiced in isolated areas by its true believers," said tourism secretary-general Spyros Amourghis. From The Ottawa Journal 24 June 1980
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel Free Body Culture nudists running on beach
Case Study: Saladi Hotel protests
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel protest in street
Case Study: Saladi Hotel newspaper headline
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel Free Body Culture nudists getting a tan
Case Study: Saladi Hotel protest police watch over church officials
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel newspaper headline
Case Study: Saladi Hotel Free Body Culture nudists enjoying the beach
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel local church protest
Case Study: Saladi Hotel Free Body Culture nudists
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modern ruins: current condition. While the community endures the economic impact of its closure, the Saladi Hotel is currently abandoned and deteriorating, intruding on the local landscape. A camouflage envelope will not only refurbish the hotel and the town’s economy, but also the beautiful natural landscape.
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel entrance
Case Study: Saladi Hotel swimming pool
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel lobby
Case Study: Saladi Hotel leisure room
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel conference room
Case Study: Saladi Hotel bedroom
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Case Study: Saladi Hotel bedroom
Case Study: Saladi Hotel elevators
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cladding camouflage recipe.
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cladding camouflage recipe. The cladding process consists of the application of a material layer that will reproduce the chromatic range of a given enclave through enveloping technologies. These technologies are developed in phases: Phase 1
site documentation. Phase 2
chromatic categorization. Phase 3
surface distribution. Phase 4
camouflage generation. Phase 5
establish the devices. Phase 6
resolution tests. Phase 7
distribution: material color specification. Phase 8
implementation technologies. 00:00:46
Tourism Postcard #1 Salanti Beach
Tourism Postcard #2 Salanti Beach
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phase 01 site documentation. Site Documentation is the identification of the most adequate chromatic ranges from the most frequented viewpoints. To camouflage the structure through a color palette associated with the landscape, site information is gathered by taking photographs. Extensive documentation of the local environment is needed to accurately record a conclusive chromatic range.
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phase 02 chromatic categorization. The photographs are analyzed to categorize the local conditions and create site specific hues. Each group contributes a color palette that will be used for the production of a camouflaged pattern.
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Ground
Water
Foliage
#72715d
#bfb196
#5686d0
#5988cc
#6e6b4c
#5f613a
#5c6051
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#699add
#5686ce
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phase 03 surface distribution. Categories from the context are distributed into percentages based on what a viewer would see if looking at the faรงade from various prioritized viewpoints. Each foreground surface mimics the background landscape from frontal vantage points to blend into the environment. The hierarchical system distributes the correct color palette percentages to a set of architectural devices that will camouflage the structure.
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North Facade Ground: 37.5%
Foliage: 37.5%
East Facade Water: 25%
Ground: 12.5%
South Facade Ground: 37.5%
93916a
Foliage: 37.5%
5b6a4d
Foliage: 37.5 %
Water: 50%
West Facade Water: 25%
bfb196
2b351c
Ground: 62.5%
2a3d21
Foliage: 25%
Water: 12.5%
3e4e27
b0c7e9
5686ce
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699add
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3e4e27
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North Facade 93916a
5B6a4d
2a3d21
3e4e27
a3bbdd
East Facade 93916a
5b6a4d
bfb196
2b351c
2a3d21
South Facade 72715d
5c6051
93916a
5B6a4d
bfb196
West Facade
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phase 04 camouflage generation. A camouflage generator produces the pattern to be distributed on each surface/facade at the various resolutions needed. Any desired number of pantones are selected to be applied to each facade and are individually assigned based on percentages from each chromatic category.
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North Facade Ground: 37.5%
Foliage: 37.5%
East Facade Water: 25%
Ground: 12.5%
Water: 25%
Ground: 62.5%
180 x 180 cm
Foliage: 37.5%
Water: 50%
West Facade
South Facade Ground: 37.5%
Foliage: 37.5 %
180 x 90 cm
90 x 90 cm
Foliage: 25%
60 x 60 cm
Water: 12.5%
30 x 30 cm
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phase 05 establish the devices. Camouflage styles are generally a misnomer, based on superficial resemblances, but are effective through any patterned shape to model textures of a desired background. Various colors of standard tile sizes, awnings, and fenestration are to be identified as the most cost effective devices, and therefore used to produce a “pixelated� camouflage pattern. A set of standard technologies applicable to the Saladi Hotel as well as conventional hotel facades are referenced below: 01_30x30cm Enamel Tile
04_Smoked Glass
Existing Exterior Wall Existing Soffit Existing Balcony
Glass Doors (Hinged + Sliding) Windows 05_Paint
02_60x60cm Ceramic Tile Existing Railing 03_180x180cm Perforated Metal Awnings New Shading Device
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Partitions
Camouflage System
01_Enamel Tiles (30 x 30 cm)
02_Ceramic Tiles
03_Awnings
(60 x 60 cm)
(180 x 180 cm)
04_Smoked Glass
05_Painted Partitions
(various)
(existing)
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phase 06 resolution tests. Camouflage patterns at various scales/resolutions are tested to develop the best results of blending a building into the landscape. The pixel vs material sizes are studied to understand which architectural devices could be deployed onto the structure in relation to a desired pattern. The vantage points specific to the site are analyzed, taking into consideration the various distances at which the building will be viewed. Two variations of pixel sizes are important to an effective camouflage pattern, the micro scale and the macro scale. The micro scale produces visual noise, and the macro scale breaks up the existing symmetry to blend into the surrounding landscape.
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macro: 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 180x90 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 180x180 cm micro: 30x30 cm
macro: 90x90 + 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
macro: 90x190 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 90x90 + 180x90 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
macro: 90x90 cm micro: 30x30 cm
macro: 180x90 + 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
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macro: 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 180x90 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 180x180 cm micro: 30x30 cm
macro: 90x90 + 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
macro: 90x190 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 90x90 + 180x90 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
macro: 90x90 cm micro: 30x30 cm
macro: 180x90 + 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
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macro: 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 180x90 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 180x180 cm micro: 30x30 cm
macro: 90x90 + 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
macro: 90x190 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 90x90 + 180x90 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
macro: 90x90 cm micro: 30x30 cm
macro: 180x90 + 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
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macro: 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 180x90 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 180x180 cm micro: 30x30 cm
macro: 90x90 + 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
macro: 90x190 cm micro: 60x60 cm
macro: 90x90 + 180x90 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
macro: 90x90 cm micro: 30x30 cm
macro: 180x90 + 180x180 cm micro: 60x60 + 30x30 cm
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phase 07 distribution: material color specification. The camouflage generator produces the patterns for each facade which are sized accordingly to the specific application devices. Each device maintains the same percentages of ground, foliage, and water, but the patterns are generated autonomously to misregister a totalizing reading of the structure. Total tiling distribution for the Saladi Hotel: East Facade
West Facade
30x30 Tile - 31104 total 30x30 Tile - 30824 total Ground: 3888 Foliage: 11664 Water: 15552 Ground: 19265 Foliage: 7708 Water: 3853 60x60 Tile - 2208 total Ground: 276 Foliage: 828 Water: 1104
60x60 Tile - 2208 total Ground: 1380 Foliage: 552 Water: 276
Awnings - 376 total Ground: 47 Foliage: 141 Water: 141
Awnings - 376 total Ground: 235 Foliage: 388 Water: 47
Smoked Glass - 344 total Ground: 43 Foliage: 129 Water: 172
Smoked Glass - 352 total Ground: 2430 Foliage: 88 Water: 44
Paint - 144 total Ground: 18 Foliage: 54 Water: 72
Paint - 168 total Ground: 105 Foliage: 42 Water: 21
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30x30 Tile
30x30 Tile
60x60 Tile
60x60 Tile
Awnings
Awnings
Smoked Glass
Smoked Glass
Paint
Paint
East Facade
West Facade
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distribution: material color specification. (continued) North Facade
South Facade
30x30 Tile - 576 total Ground: 216 Foliage: 216 Water: 144
30x30 Tile - 576 total Ground: 216 Foliage: 216 Water: 144
60x60 Tile - 624 total Ground: 234 Foliage: 234 Water: 156
60x60 Tile - 624 total Ground: 234 Foliage: 234 Water: 156
Awnings - 64 total Ground: 24 Foliage: 24 Water: 16
Awnings - 64 total Ground: 24 Foliage: 24 Water: 16
Smoked Glass - 24 total Ground: 9 Foliage: 9 Water: 6
Smoked Glass - 24 total Ground: 9 Foliage: 9 Water: 6
Roof 60x60 Tile - 360 total Ground:135 Foliage: 180 Water: 45 60x60 Tile - 396 total Ground: 148 Foliage: 198 Water: 50
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60x60 Tile - 396 total Ground: 148 Foliage: 198 Water: 50
30x30 Tile
30x30 Tile
60x60 Tile
60x60 Tile
60x60 Tile
60x60 Tile
Awnings
Awnings
60x60 Tile
Smoked Glass
Smoked Glass
North Facade
South Facade
Roof
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phase 08 implementation technologies. The nude hotel now has a new identity generated specifically to match the local environment, preferencing specific viewpoints. The camouflaged building is fully emersed in the surrounding landscape. A new envelope will reduce its environmental impact, maximizing the presence of nature. Our proposal for an annex to the law will preserve the identity of the natural landscape in the face of massive touristic development, fixing a problem while also looking forward by cultivating a relationship between environmental quality, landscape, and architecture.
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postscript: drawings and photographs.
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93916A 5B6A4D 2A3D21 3E4E27 A3BBDD B0C7E9 5686CE 699ADD
East Elevation Camouflage 12.5% Goround
37.5% Foliage 50% Water
72715D 5C6051 93916A 5B6A4D BFB196 2A2D21 3E4E27 B0C7E0
West Elevation Camouflage 62.5% Goround
25% Foliage
12.5% Water
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93916A 5B6A4D BFB196 2B351C 2A3D21 3E4E27 B0C7E9 5686CE
North Elevation Camouflage 37.5% Goround
37.5% Foliage
25% Water
93916A 5B6A4D BFB196 2B351C 2A3D21 3E4E27 B0C7E9 5686CE
South Elevation Camouflage 37.5% Goround
37.5% Foliage
25% Water
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Detailed Section - Elevation 1:50
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