MALAYSIA'S FIRST AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
MALAYSIA'S FIRST AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
THE AGARWOOD ENCYCLOPEDIA
IS IN THIS CULTURAL CITY!
从沉香的丰富历史、出产沉香的树木，到 各种由沉香所制成的产品。这座文化城拥 有教育性十足的展览，可协助访客们以深 入浅出的知识，发掘沉香的珍贵价值。 From the history of agarwood, the production of agarwood trees, to a variety of agarwood made of products. This cultural city has an educational exhibition that helps visitors discover the precious value of agarwood with a deep knowledge.
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
MALAYSIA'S FIRST AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
沉香文化城底楼浏览 Agarwood Cultural City Ground Floor Gallery
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
MALAYSIA'S FIRST AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
沉香文化城底楼浏览 Agarwood Cultural City Ground Floor Gallery
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
MALAYSIA'S FIRST AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
沉香文化城底楼浏览 Agarwood Cultural City Ground Floor Gallery
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
MALAYSIA'S FIRST AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
沉香树的价值 TH E V A LU E O F AG A RW O O D
了解为何沉香如此昂贵？为何原 产沉香储量锐减及沉香之财富。 了解沉香树为何也称黄金树， 及它在品质生活上的广泛用途。 Understand why is Agarwood so expensive? Its high value, and the cause of its dramatically low production. Understand why it is also called ‘Golden Tree’, its versatile of uses and quality of life representation.
沉香的结香法 AG A R W O O D IN O C U L AT I O N M E T H O D
了解香树脂的形成方式. 结香 法可以分为自然结香、传统 结香和人工结香。
A detour of Agarwood Cultural City will provide you with knowledge about Agarwood and it’s immerse value.
Understanding of the formation of aromatic resin. Which can be categorized into Natural Inoculation, Traditional Inoculation and A ificial Inoculation.
沉香产业市场 AG A R W O O D M A RK E T DE M A N D
了解沉香在世界各国的市场 与需求，及沉香片及沉香油 的历史价格。尤其是中国， 中东及东南亚地区。 Learn about the world market demand for Agarwood, and its oil price in the history. Especially in China, Middle Eastern and Southeast Asia.
公 司 集 团简介 C O M P A N Y P RO F I L E
了解沉香文化城创始公司 集团的愿景。 Learn about the company’s vision behind Agarwood Cultural City.
TO 1ST FLOOR
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
沉香树的形成及各部位的用途 AG A R W O O D TR E E F O R M ATI O N A N D I T S D I F F E RE N T P A R T S
了解沉香树是如何形成的。从品 种的花序至移植沉香树苗至收成 期的过程。
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了解沉香沉香树的各个部位，包 括其树干、树枝、花朵、叶片、 果实、树脂及树根。
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5 4 7 拍照站
Learn about the formation of Agarwood . From inflorescence of Aquilaria species, to transplanting Aquilaria saplings, to its formation of resin in hea wood of Aquilaria trees. Learn about the different pa s of Agarwood tree. Its trunk, branches, flower, leaf, fruits, resin, and root.
沉香简介与历史 AG A RW O O D I N T RO DU C T I O N & H I ST O RY
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了解何谓沉香，它们是从何而来 ，及在世界各地的名称。
PHOTOBOOTH
了解沉香数千年来的历史，它的 独特的香味，性质及它的珍稀。 Learn about what is Agarwood and where does it really comes from, and the different names of this wood in different countries.
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Learn about the history of Agarwood, its unique aroma, characteristics and immense value and rarity.
沉香的分布 D I S TR IB U TI O N O F AG A R W O O D
千年沉香 THOUSAND YEARS AGARWOOD TREE
千年沉香树展览 Display of thousand years old Agarwood trees.
了解沉香的主要原产地，投资良 机及主要进口国。 Learn about where Agarwood are mainly grown, its investment oppo unities and their main impo ers countries.
MALAYSIA'S FIRST AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
沉香产品及纪念品 Agarwood Products & Souvenirs
在体验文化城后，切记前往一楼浏览独特的沉香 产品。从独一无二，上等的百年珍藏的沉香木， 到沉香线香、精油、茶、咖啡、枕头、纪念品等 都在这里有销售。 A er experiencing Agarwood Cultural City gallery, don’t forget ot visit our first floor, where unique agarwood products, from superior century-old collection of agarwood wood, to incense, essentials oil, tea, coffee, pillows, souvenirs and many more can be purchase here.
MALAYSIA'S FIRST AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
了解更多关于沉香 Learn more about agarwood
沉香的简介 AGA RWOOD INTRODUC TI ON
自然界中 的宝物
Nature’s Greatest Treasure
沉香从何而来？ WHERE DOES AGARWOOD COMES FROM
沉香是一种源自于沉香树（Aquilaria tree）的产品。这当中以东南亚原产的 鹰木香树（俗称：马来沉香木，学名： Aquilaria Malaccensis）最炙手可热。它 们大多生长在马来西亚、印尼、泰国、 柬埔寨、寮国、越南、印度、孟加拉、 菲律宾和新几内亚的热带雨林。 Agarwood is the product from trees known as Aquilaria. Of these, the most commonly sought a er is the Aquilaria Malacensis, which are native to Southeast Asia. They grow in the rainforests of Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, India, Bangladesh, Philippines and New Guinea.
何谓沉香？ WHAT IS AGARWOOD ?
沉香，又称作乌德木，栈香或琼脂，是沉香属及拟沉香 属树木（源产于东南亚地区的大型常青树）的树心收到 真菌感染时形成的深色而有芳香气味的树脂。这两种树 木都归入瑞香料，疏疏落落地生长在亚州雨林地区，如 今被视作世界濒危物种，难见于天然森林中。 含有树脂的木材通常被称作沉香木、栈香木、伽罗木、 沉香或乌德木，在许多文化中都因其独特芳香奉为之宝 珍品，并因此被用于熏香、香水和医药用途。 Agarwood, also known as OUD, Aquilaria or Agar is a fragrant dark resinous wood which formed in the hea wood of Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops spp. tree (large evergreens native to Southeast Asia) a er they are infected by fungus. Both of the species are in the Thymelaeaceae family; occur pa icularly in the rainforests of Southeast Asia. It is now rarely seen in such habitats and is now considered to be threatened with extinction worldwide. The tree that produces a dark aromatic resin is o en called Agarwood, Aquilaria, Gharuwood, Aloeswood or OUD. The resin embedded wood is valued in many cultures for its distinctive fragrance, and thus is used for incense, pe umes and medicinal purposes.
沉香之历史 HI STORY OF AGA RWOOD
沉香之历史 HISTORY OF AGARWOOD
沉香之香味
沉香之性质
AROMA OF AGARWOOD
THE NATURE OF AGARWOOD
并非所有沉香都完全相同，其香味有细微的差异很 正常。十六世纪的品香大师确定了几种香味，分别 命名为Rakoku、Manaban、Sasora 和Sumatora ，概括辣、甜、咸、苦四种香味。其中，Kayara 被 认为具有最高雅的气味，它将所有香味融合到同一 片沉香中。如今，品香大师可以根据香味鉴别沉香 的地域来源，甚至还能辨别来自同一地区的沉香所 具有的细微差异。
沉香实质上就是沉香树所分泌的倍半萜类与色酮类的 化合物。树脂质木材中的多种不同种类和数量的化合 物会散发出芳香。这些化合物会在活树内构成防御机 制，可以抵御微生物的侵袭，而且只有在这非常特殊 的情况下才会形成。在种植园成木内培育沉香的新方 法可刺激和促成这些自然分泌的化合物。那些通常在 较老的成木内分泌而且需要数十年积聚的沉香，如今 在幼木内也能分泌而成了。
Not all Agarwood are exactly the same and it is very common that they have a slight difference in aroma. Incense connoisseurs of sixteenth-century have classified the aromas into six categories: Rakoku, Manaban, Sasora and Sumatora, associated with four types of flavor: Spicy, Sweet, Salty and Bi er. Kayara is considered to have the most elegant scent. Today’s incense masters can determine the regional origin of the Agarwood from its aroma and can even differentiate slight variances that may be found in the Agarwood from within one region.
Agarwood is essentially a complex compound of sesquiterpenes and chromones secreted by Agarwood tree. The different types and quantity of the compounds in the resinous wood created the aroma. These compounds form a defense mechanism in the living tree, which is resistant to microbial a ack and can only be formed under a very specific circumstance. The new direction of cultivating Agarwood in plantation can stimulate these naturally occurring compounds. Aromatic resins are normally produced in older Agarwood trees and take decades to accumulate; the resins can now be secreted in young trees.
数千年来，这种树脂质木材一直是冥想和祈祷仪式中所焚烧的 香。包括佛教，回教、印度教、道教和基督教在内的许多宗教 团体都将沉香视作最珍贵的木材，并称其为“众神之木”。熏 焚沉香所散发的香气具有镇静安神的作用，并能增加人的机体 活力或“元气”。因为这些特性，一些地方文化亦将其作为药 用成分。沉香所散发的怡人芳香一直深受世界各地人们的喜爱 。甚至在日本的香道仪式中，沉香所散发的气味成为一种迷人 的芳香艺术形式。 For thousands of years, this resinous wood was burned as incense during meditation and prayer. Many religious groups including Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus, Taoists and Christians considered Agarwood as the most precious material and refer it as the “Wood of the Gods”. Agarwood incense emits a calming effect and able to increase a person’s body energy or “Yuan Chi”. Because of these qualities, some local cultures have utilized it as a medicinal component. The pleasant aroma of Agarwood has been enjoyed throughout the world and has developed into a beautiful aromatic a form in Japan called the Kōdō ceremony.
沉香之珍稀 AGARWOOD’S IMMENSE VALUE AND RARITY
许多当地人对沉香树滥砍滥伐，只为求其宝贵的芳香树脂。因 此，世界上所剩的沉香树已为数不多。鉴于优质沉香需要经历 漫长的时间才得以形成，而且只有小部分树木会分泌树脂和结 香，因此导致了极度供不应求的现状。
The locals cut down Agarwood trees indiscriminately in search of the valuable fragrant producing resin. As a result, there are hardly any of these trees le in the world. Since high quality Agarwood takes a long time to form naturally and only a small percentage of trees produce fragrant resin, which leads to the current situation of a large demand that far exceeds the supply.
过度采伐和生态丧失对一些能够生成沉香的树种造成了威胁。 1995年以来，主要来源——马来沉香（沉香）已被列入濒临 野生动植物物种国际贸易公约（CITIES）附录II（潜在受威胁 物种）。2004年，所有沉香属物种都被列入了附录II。这意味 着未经CITIES许可对其进行采割或贸易皆属违法行为。而民 间商业投资以及可持续发展种植园通过提供可行的替代品推动 了对天然雨林中沉香类树木的保护。
Overharvesting and habitat loss threatens some populations of Agarwood producing species. One of the main reasons for the relative rarity and high cost of agarwood is the depletion of the wild resource. Since 1995, Aquilaria malaccensis, the primary source, has been listed in Appendix II (potentially threatened species) by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. In 2004, all Aquilaria species were listed in Appendix II, meaning that any harvest or expo of the plantation without permit from CITES Pa ies are illegal. However, private business investment and sustainable plantation can promote the protection of Agarwood trees in natural rainforests by providing viable alternatives.
1 沉香是如何形成的
沉香品种的花序 在众多沉香树的品种当中Aquilaria Malaccensis属 于一般种植者的首选，因为此品种平均7-9年的时 间就会结香一次；相对一些品种从树苗到成熟的完 整生命只能拥有一次结香。Aquilaria植物种的开花 和结实季节一般都落在5月份至8月份之间。 Inflorescence of Aquilaria species Aquilaria malaccensis produces seeds a er 7–9 years while some other species produce seeds only once in their life cycle. The flowering and fruiting of Aquilaria species usually happen during the months between May and August.
THE PATH TOWARDS AGARWOOD
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自然形成的沉香树脂 成长至第3年时，沉香树苗会在韧皮部和薄壁组织 之间逐渐形成树脂。一旦有真菌入侵此时的沉香 树，其 树身将会发生相对的回应，自行产 生出保护性树脂；而凝聚于树身当中的树脂达到 相应的饱和度后，就会形成沉香木。 Natural formation of resin in hea wood of Agarwood trees In the third year, Agarwood saplings may begin resin formation within its network of phloem and parenchyma. Once a fungal infection takes hold of trees of the Aquilaria genus, trees respond or interact, producing a protective resin which saturates the hea wood and roots, forming Agarwood.
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沉香品种的顽拗性种子 平均一个沉香胶囊里果实里可生产出1至2颗的沉香 种子，而这些种子最忌干燥。一般上沉香种子的生 存期为7-10天。 Recalcitrant seeds of Aquilaria species Aquilaria fruit produces one to two seeds in a capsule, which are very sensitive to desiccation. These seeds have sho viability period of 7-10 days
人造接种的模式 通过自然成熟而形成的沉香树脂可能需要较长时间 才能完成，而在众多成熟的沉香树当中含有沉香木 树脂的机率只有1％。因此为了诱导和提高沉香树 脂台成的速度，长期以来沉香种植者都会使用即安 全又有效的人造接种方法，例如使沉香树创伤或人 为的真菌感染等。 A ificial inoculation methods Resin synthesis via natural maturation may take a longer time to achieve, and only 1% of Aquilaria trees contains the resinous Agarwood substance. However, safe and effective a ificial inoculation methods, such as wounding and fungal infection, have been long devised as methods to induce and increase the speed of resin synthesis.
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沉香种子的发芽过程 该沉香种子首先会置放在沙床中让它萌发，之后 ，再小心翼翼地把沉香幼苗移植到聚乙烯袋中， 并利用适合的竹竿支撑，种至于临时遮荫的种植 地。
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Germination of Aquilaria seeds Seedlings of the species should first be germinated in sand beds, before transplanted carefully to polythene bags, suppo ed by bamboo poles and kept under temporary shade.
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沉香相关产品 所有成熟的沉香木都拥有属于自己独特的香味， 这也是沉香木最有价值的增值点。相对于容易让 人复制的其他香料种类，沉香木会因在不同环境 下、不同种类真菌入侵、不同形势所凝聚而成的 沉香树脂而造就其独特的香味及相关产品，更为 显示出它人性化别具一格的独特香味。 Mature Agarwood trees and related products Not every Agarwood-producing tree would produce the same scent, but this is what gives Agarwood its mostvalued quirk. Instead of an easily replicated, monotonous aroma, the different living conditions and bacterial and fungal interactions with the trees formulate different chemical equations for each tree, giving Agarwood an almost humane trait.
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移植沉香树苗 凡是成长足6个月的沉香幼苗将从临时遮荫地被移 植到沉香树专属种植区内；通常沉香树之间的种植 距离为2米到6米之间，并给予细心呵护。 Transplanted Aquilaria saplings Young saplings from six months old onwards are transferred to plantation areas, usually in spacing of 2m x 6m, and carefully taken care of.
沉香木的收成期 当沉香树龄成长到5至10年时，该沉香树就适合收 成，制造成各种高价值相关产品。 Formation of resin in hea wood of Aquilaria trees Agarwood is generally harvested when the trees are between five to ten years old and made into Agarwood-related products.
叶片
花朵
FLOWER
沉香属树木的花朵带茎，可依照成长阶段分为 黄色、白色、绿色或深黄色。其花萼管一般有 4至6个花瓣，可用以制成花香宜人的茶饮。传 统中药经常用它来治疗跌伤、骨折、挫伤和拉 伤 The flowers from the Aquilaria trees grow with a stem, and can range from yellow, white, green or a dark yellow, depending on the stage of growth. The calyx tube o en has 4 to 6 petals, which can be used to make floral-infused tea. It is also used in Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of falls, fractures, contusions and strains.
树枝
BRANCHES
LEAF
沉香属树木的树叶以精简的螺旋状排列。它具 有被子植物典型的树叶结构，包括一个叶柄和 边缘脊状的叶片。这些树叶富含养分，可冲泡 成香味芬芳的好茶。 Aquilaria leaves are arranged in a simple spiral. It has a leaf typical of an angiosperm, which consists of a leaf stalk and a leaf blade with ridged edges. The leaves are rich in nutrients and can be turned into a fragrant tea.
果实
FRUITS
沉香属树木的果实一般含有两颗种子。果实会 在成熟后自行分裂，并将种子飘散到风中。在 野生环境下，这些种子会在一周后丧失萌芽能 力。 Aquilaria fruits normally contains two seeds. The fruit will split on its own, sca ering the seeds to the winds. In the wild, these seeds lose their ability to germinate a er one week.
沉香属树木较下方的树枝，经常会沿着主茎出 现白斑。这些树枝可加以晒干、捣碎，并制成 香枝。沉香也会出现在沉香属树木的树枝中。
树脂
The lower branches of Aquilaria o en show white spots along the main axis. These branches can be dried and crushed and be made into incense. Agarwood can also develop in the branches of the Aquilaria tree.
沉香树身内，经过日夜精华凝聚而成的沉香 树脂，或称“香木”可制成价格昂贵的香精 原材料。
RESIN
Formed in the hea wood of Agarwood trees, resin can fetch high prices for it is the raw material used in the making of the fragrant Oud.
树干
TRUNK
沉香属树木的树干最高可达40公尺，直径则介 于60-80公分，可在收割后制成家具、雕像和 装饰品。其树皮可加工制成纸张。沉香属树木 的树干是最常出现沉香的部位。 Achieving maximum heights of over 40 meters and a diameter of 60-80 cm, the trunk of the Aquilaria tree can be harvested and made into furniture, sculptures and decorative items. The bark of the trunk can also be processed into paper. The trunk of the Aquilaria is the most common location where Agarwood is formed.
树根
ROOTS
沉香属树木的树根会往外延伸以支持整棵树。 这些树根可加以晒干、捣碎，并制成香枝。沉 香也会出现在沉香属树木的树根中。 The roots of aquilaria branches out to suppo the whole tree. These roots can be dried and crushed and be made into incense. Agarwood can also develop in the roots of the Aquilaria tree.
为何沉香如此昂贵？ WHY IS AGARWOOD SO EXPENSIVE?
沉香树是一种濒危品种。而且，只有区 区2%的野生沉香树会被真菌感染并产出 沉香。因此，寻找沉香可说知易行难， 其身价自然也就昂贵非凡。 人工培植的沉香树，需至少7年才能长到 足以采收沉香的地步。这段期间需要庞 大的投资，包括水电、地税、害虫防治 和人力等各类成本。 而且，面对台湾、沙地阿拉伯、日本和 阿联酋等正在不断成长的海外市场，世 界各地对沉香都拥有高度需求。全球对 此产品的需求在过去30年明显成长，致 使沉香的价格水涨船高。
原产沉香储量锐减 AGARWOOD PRODUCTION IS DRAMATICALLY REDUCED
在沉香的产量方面，由于沉香精油 高额利润的驱动，人类无序肆意的 过度砍伐，导致分布在全球各地的 原生沉香树木已经大量减少或直接 消失。其中最好的例子就是在太平 洋上的夏威夷岛。而且，全世界主 要沉香生产国的印度政府也不得不 禁止砍伐，并严禁沉香的出口！ In terms of Agarwood production, locals cut down Agarwood trees indiscriminately in search of the valuable fragrant producing resin. As a result, there are hardly any of these trees le in the world. The best example of this is the Hawaii Island on the Pacific Ocean. The world main Agarwood producer in the world, India, has to ban the logging and prohibit the expo of Agarwood!
Aquilaria trees are an endangered species. In addition to this, only around 2% of trees in the wild is affected by the mould that creates agarwood. As a result, finding Agarwood is difficult, leading to high costs. When aquilaria trees are cultured, it takes at least 7 years before they grow large enough to harvest the Agarwood. During this time, there is a lot of investment, such as electricity, water, land taxes, pest control and labour. There is high demand for Agarwood, with markets such as Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, Japan and the United Arab Emirates continuing to grow. The demand for this product has risen considerably over the past 30 years, fu her driving up prices.
AGARWOOD
OUD OIL
1000公斤 的沉香
1公升 纯沉香油
(1000 kg of AGARWOOD)
(1 L of OUD oil)
DID YOU KNOW?
平均来说，1公升的纯沉香油（Oud oil） 需要1000公斤的沉香来炼制。 On average, 1 litre of pure Oud oil requires 1000 kilograms of agarwood.
沉香之财富 VALUE OF AGARWOOD
一棵7年树龄沉香树的树脂质木材 产量估算。 Estimation of the resinous Agarwood production of a 7 years old Agarwood Tree.
木材产量估算 2至5千克 OUD Oil Calculation
2-5 kilograms
收益估算
1200-3000美元/棵
Profit Calculation
1200-3000 USD / tree
一棵7年树龄沉香树能产生2至5千克树脂质木屑，总共可卖得1200至3000美元。
一棵7年树龄沉香树的产油量估算。 Estimation of the oil production of a 7 years old Agarwood tree.
产油量估算
2至5托拉（合24至60毫升）
OUD Oil Calculation
2-5 Tola (contains 24-60mL)
收益估算
360-900美元/棵
Profit Calculation
360-900 USD / tree
不仅被Dior，Tom Ford，Yves Saint Laurent 和 Estee Lauder 等时尚品牌用作高端 香水的原材料，还被用于配制香皂和熏香按摩精油。 Used as a raw component for high-end fragrances by fashion brands such as Dior, Tom Ford, Yves Saint Laurent and Estee Lauder, it also used in soap making and aromatherapy essential oils.
A 7 years old Agarwood tree can produce 2-5kg of resinous wood chips, a total wo h of 1200-3000 USD.
在当地核心市场，在售出的优质沉香中，某些等级可以达到每千克1000至5万美元的高价。 In local core market, ce ain grades of premium Agarwood can be sold at great price between 1000-50000 USD per kilogram.
沉香是世 上最昂贵 的树脂木材 Agarwood is the most expensive resinous wood in the world
沉香树是世界上最昂贵的木材之一，它以斤论价，其经济收 益是其他林木的十倍以上，因此也被誉为“黄金树”！
种植初期 的收益
沉香树在种植初期，需要不断消减旁枝以加速主幹的生长。在这过程中 ，可以收获大量的旁枝、枯枝、老叶、嫩叶、花蕾及种子等“副产物” 。根据估算，在沉香树成材前，每年每株沉香树的“副产物”可以产生 两百美金左右的收益！而这些收益在沉香树年复一年的生长中，都会一 直持续不断地在收获着！
种植后期 的收益
然而在种植一段时间后，当沉香树的芯材开始结香时，其真正的经济价 值才开始显现！一株成材的沉香树大约可以长成一百公斤左右的芯材。 根据估算，现时每公斤的沉香芯材可以售卖1000美金左右！因此，一株 拥有一百公斤芯材的沉香树，其价值可高达10万美金。如果选择不直接 出售芯材，而是通过蒸馏法提炼取出芯材里的沉香精油，一百公斤的芯 材大约可以收获两公斤左右的精油。根据估算，现时每公斤纯正的沉香 精油，其市场收购价格大约是10万美元左右。因此，一株能提炼两公斤 精油的沉香树，其价值已高达20万美金。 由此可见，沉香树甚称世界上最贵的木材！
AGARWOOD TREE = GOLDEN TREE Agarwood tree is one of the most expensive woods in the world. Their economic value is ten times more than other trees. Therefore, it is also known as “Golden Tree”! Earnings in the early stage of planting In the early stage of Agarwood planting, thinning process must be done to accelerate the growth of the trunk. In this process, a large amount of “by-products” such as side branches, dead branches, old leaves, young leaves, petals and seeds can be collected. The estimated revenue generated from the annual “by-product” of each Agarwood tree before the tree is grown is about two hundred USD! These earnings will continue to be harvested during the growth of the Agarwood tree.
Earnings in the last stage of planting However, a er a period of planting, when the core of Agarwood tree began to scent, there is when its true economic value began to show! A mature Agarwood tree can grow into a resinous wood of about a hundred kilogram. At present, every kilogram of resinous wood is estimated to be priced at around 1000USD. Therefore, a hundred kilogram Agarwood tree can be wo h up to 100,000 USD. If you choose not to sell the resinous wood directly but extract the Agarwood essential oil from it through distillation process, about wo kilogram of essential oil can be harvested from 100kg of resinous wood. The current market trading price of pure Agarwood essential oil is estimated to be about 100,000 USD per kilogram. Hence, an Agarwood tree that can extract two kilograms of essential oil has a value up to 200,000 USD. It can be seen that Agarwood tree is the most expensive wood in the world!
沉香用途非常广泛
沉香代表品质生活
有着“黄金树”之称的沉香树，其浑身上下都是宝，从其嫩 叶、花蕾、种子开始，至到其树干、树芯、树根的各个部位 都有着不同的用途，它们被广泛应用在宗教、雕刻、香料、 医药、保健、日化等不同领域中。进而，生物科技领域也正 在对沉香的用途不断探索，许多新类型的沉香产品也相续问 世，使得市场的需求正在与日俱增！
在人们对高生活品质越来越渴望的今天，过着优雅、舒适的 生活是每个人都心生向往的。因此，香文化在今天的社会里 开始收到人们的追捧，而作为香文化里最高档的消费品也必 然越来越受人们的欢迎。此外，作为沉香消费大国的中国， 随着其经济能力的日益强大，国民对沉香产品的消费能力也 日渐提高，这些都加剧了沉香供不应求的现状！
VERSATILE USES OF AGARWOOD
Agarwood tree also known as the "golden tree". Every pa of the tree is valuable. From the leaves, petals and seeds, to its trunk, core and roots, every pa of the tree has different uses. They are widely used in religion, sculpture, spices, medicine, health care, daily uses, etc. Moreover, Biotechnology field is constantly exploring the uses of Agarwood and there are lots of Agarwood products coming into the market, making the market demand increasing day by day.
AGARWOOD REPRESENTS QUALITY OF LIFE
Nowadays, people are increasingly eager for high quality of life and everyone is yearning for an elegant and comfo able life. Therefore, people sta ed to pursue aromatic culture in today's society, and as the most high-end consumer goods in aromatic culture, it is bound to be more and more popular. In addition, China as the major consumer country of Agarwood, their national consumption of Agarwood products is also increasing with the growing economic power of the country, which has aggravated the current situation of Agarwood scarcity!
潜力无限的投资途径 INVESTMENT PATHWAYS WITH UNLIMITED POTENTIAL
沉香的分布 Distribution of Agarwood
沉香属于热带树种，
共有16种不同品种。 它主要产于印度、印尼、马来西亚 、斐济及澳大利亚等湿热地区。
INDIA
CHINA MYANMAR VIETNAM
Agarwood belongs to tropical trees and has a total of 16 different species. It is mainly grown in hot and humid areas such as India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Fiji and Australia.
沉香之投资良机 Investment Oppo unity of Agarwood
全球有80多个国家每年都会进
口沉香，而其中最大沉香进口
国是阿联酋、中国、沙特 阿拉伯、台湾和日本。
THAILAND
而沉香主要出口国有马来西亚、印 尼、越南和泰国；而新加波则是世 界主要贸易枢纽之一。 There are around 80 countries around the world that impo Agarwood annually and the largest impo ers are the UAE, China, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan and Japan. The main expo ing countries are Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand and Singapore is one of the major trading regions in the world.
CAMBODIA
INDONESIA
MALAYSIA
沉香人工结香法 ARTIFICIAL INOCULATION METHOD
半断干法
凿洞法
Pa ly-Trunk-Prunning Method (PTP)
Burning-Chisel-Drilling Method
在树体的基部1到2米以上的树体 上锯出一个伤口，深度要求为树体 粗度的三分之一到二分之一之间。 再沿着同一方向不同高度，再制造 出一些伤口，每个伤口间隔为30 到40厘米之间。香农们称之为开 香门。久之在伤口处也能结香，经 数年后便可在伤口处取香，取香后 香门仍有可能继续结香。
在距地面1-3米树干上凿数个深2-3 厘米，宽和高均为3-4厘米的方形 洞，或直1-3厘米，深3-6厘米的圆 形小洞，然后用泥团封闭，小洞附 近的木质部逐渐分泌树脂，数年后 可生成沉香。一般情况，此法比上 述两种方法结香快、结香好。
A wound is sawed onto a tree body 1 to 2 meters above the base of the tree, with a depth requirement between 1/3 and 1/2 of the tree body. Fu her along the same direction at different heights, create wounds with interval of 30 to 40 cm between each wound. It is referred to as the opening of the agarwood fragrant. With time, the resin may form at the surrounding of the resin and it can then be yielded. Most of the time, the tree survives since the damage is not too deep.
On the trunk of 1-3 meters from the ground, chisel 2-3 cm, width and height of the squared hole are 3-4 cm, or straight 1-3 cm, 3-6 cm depth roundish holes, and then cover the holes with mud. The resin will be produced a er several years. Usually this method can produce and yield more agarwood resin than the abovementioned methods.
砍伤法
化学法结香
人工接菌结香
Wounding Method
Chemical-Inoculation Method
通常选择8-10年生、树干直径30 厘米左右的立木，在距地面1.5-2 米处顺砍几刀，刀与刀间距离 30-40厘米，伤口深3-4厘米。经 过一段时间后，伤口附近的木质 部会分泌油脂类物质，数年后逐 渐变成黑棕色，这便是沉香，时 间越长越好。取香后造成的伤口 ，仍有可能继续结香。
给树干打吊针，将人工培养的细菌注 入树干使其结香，但是这种方法结出 的香香味差，并且可能会有毒，对人 体有害，沉香表面会存在针孔。
Pick a 8-10 years agarwood tree trunk with diameter of about 30 cm, in 1.5-2 meters away from the ground, throw several slashes with 30-40 cm between each slashes and depth ranging 3 to 4 cm. A er a period of time, the area surrounding the wound will form substances and a er few years later it will gradually turn dark brown, this will be the agarwood resin. The longer time it is kept, the be er. The wound caused by the inoculation will continue to yield scent.
By injecting tress with chemical such as ferrous chloride, sodium bisulfite, NaCl, and etc. The chemicals disrupt the normal functioning of the cells and lead to the increase of the resin production. It will allow the tree to stay alive while the resin formation is increased. However, this method produces less promising result in terms of the agarwood scent, and may be toxic and harmful. This method may leave holes on the su ace of the trees.
A ificial Fungal Inoculation Method
在避风、向阳面，从树干同侧自上而下 ，每隔40-50厘米，用锯或凿按垂直于 树干的方向开香门，深约为树干的1/3 ，口宽1-2厘米，凿去中间的断木。用 塑料薄膜包扎封口，防止杂菌感染和昆 虫、蚂蚁危害，以及保持菌种所需要的 水分。经过几年时间，即可采收到三四 级沉香，4-5年可采收二级沉香。 Fungal inoculation is a new and improved wounding method that takes much less time to produce the results. It also involves drilling holes in a tree, but their size is much smaller than when the traditional wounding is done. On a bright sunny condition under a shelter, from the trunk and side top-down, every 40-50 cm, with a saw or chisel in the direction perpendicular to the trunk open the fragrant door, deep about 1/3 of the trunk, mouth width 1-2 cm, chisel to the middle of the broken wood. Wrap the seal with a plastic film to prevent the infection of the fungus and the harm of insects and ants, as well as to maintain the moisture required by the strain. A er several years, you can harvest 3rd to 4th grade of agarwood while 4-5 years can yield a 2nd grade of agarwood.
NATURAL INOCULATION METHOD
蚁沉
水沉
土沉
倒架
Formed by Insect A ack
Formed in Water
Formed in Mud
指树木活体被砍伐，倒后经虫蚁白 蚁蛀蚀而成，称为蚁沉。
指朽木倒伏后埋于沼泽，木质 部长时间经历生物解，再于沼 泽区捞起者，称为水沉。
指朽木陷入土中，经微生物分解腐 朽而成，时间越长分解，甚至出现 石化现象，其木质纤维的特性近乎 完全丧失。
Agarwood formed by Collapsing
Refers to agarwood formed from a wood log felled from a living tree and a acked by insects a er falling onto the ground.
Refers to agarwood formed by the decomposition by micro-organisms and erosion from ro en wood soaked in swamps.
Refers to agarwood formed by the decomposition by micro-organisms and erosion from ro en wood buried in mud. Prolonged burial may lead to fossilization of the wood piece, by which the characteristics of its wood textures will be close to complete destruction.
指经年受自然风雨侵蚀，朽木倒 伏地上结香，称为倒架。 Refers to agarwood formed from ro en wood that falls on the ground due to prolonged exposure to wind and rain erosion.
沉香的结香法 AG A R W O O D I N O C U L AT I O N M E T H O D
结香技术
人工结香
香树脂的形成方式可以分为自然结香、传统结 香和人工结香。
ARTIFICIAL INOCULATION (REVIVAL OF AGARWOOD)
INOCULATION METHOD The formation of aromatic resin can be categorized into Natural Inoculation, Traditional Inoculation and A ificial Inoculation.
自然结香 NATURAL INOCULATION 历史上，沉香树脂只能通过诸如遭遇雷击、动物和昆虫的侵袭、森林火灾、暴 风雨灾害以及真菌入侵等自然效应所触发的自然防御机制来产生。
虽然这种自然形成沉香的方式通常需要耗费很长时间 （大约70年), 但是由于长期的蕴育，这类沉香能够散发 出非常天然而纯净的芳香。 通过这种方式获得的树脂产量极低，仅占野生产量的不到7%；而且只有一小部 分树木 能受影响。 Historically, Agarwood resin can only be produced by natural defense mechanisms triggered by natural effects such as lightning strikes, animals and insect infestation, forest fires, storm disasters, and fungal infections. Although this natural formation of Agarwood usually takes a long time (about 70 years), such Agarwood can emit a very natural and pure aroma due to long-term cultivation. The yield of resin obtained by this way is extremely low, accounting for less than 7% of wild production; and only a small percentage of trees can be affected.
传统结香 TRADITIONAL INOCULATION 随着沉香的使用渐为流行，几十年前，人们引进了传统方法来增加这种树脂的 产量。这些是通过钉子、锤子、刀子、钻孔和点火对树木造成物理损害。此外 ，还有一些“非常手段”，例如：在树皮上涂敷有毒物质来刺激树木。
然而，这些方法依然只能获得很低的产量，而且其沉香 质量较次或者档次很低。 这类树脂香味平淡，精油含量极少。 As the use of Agarwood became more popular, Traditional Inoculation had been introduced a few decades ago to increase the yield of resin. The methods being use are by physically damaging the tree with nails, hammer, blades, drilling hole or ignition. In addition, there are some “extraordinary measures” such as applying toxic substances to the bark to stimulate trees. However, by using such methods, the yield is low and the quality is mostly of the second or lower grade. Such resin has plain fragrant and very small amount of essential oil.
(沉香的复兴)
如今，人们通过漫长的硏究发现了新技术。这些新技术的方法目前在马来西亚 、中国、印度、泰国、越南、印尼、柬埔寨、緬甸和老挝（寮国）等国家的大 多数沉香种植园得到了广泛釆用。这种工艺包括了给树木钻孔，并在孔中放一 小根塑料管，使创伤保持开放状态，然后化学注入真菌化合物来刺激树木的防 御机制使之产生树脂。 采用这种工艺的第一个项目是在明尼苏达大学木材病理学家Robert Blanchette 教授的监督下在越南开展的。在当地农民和僧徒的协助下，项目组开发了实验 田来促进沉香的生产，经过多年的尝试，这种工艺成功地产生了沉香。 Blanchette 教授表示，同天然形成法相比，这种人工结香法产生商业沉香的速 度要快十倍。这一发现受到全球关注，并且一直被视为商品沉香形成方面最成 功的发现之一（Persoon，2007年）。这些方法快速有效，在12至24个月内就能 取得最大成果。 Nowadays, people have discovered new technologies through long-term research. These new technology approaches are currently widely used in most Agarwood plantations in countries such as Malaysia, China, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar and Laos. The process involves drilling of trees and keeping the wound open by placing a small piece of plastic pipe in those holes followed by a chemical injection to stimulate the tree defense mechanism that produces resin. The first project of this effo was initiated in Vietnam under supervision of Prof. Robe Blanche e, a wood pathologist from the University of Minnesota. With the help from local farmers and Buddhist monks, they developed an experimental field to stimulate the production of Agarwood and a er years of trials, this process successfully yielded Agarwood. Dr. Blanche e stated that this a ificial induction could yield Agarwood ten times faster than natural formation. This finding has gained appreciation and has been considered as one of the most successful findings (Persoon, 2007). These methods are fast and efficient, with the best results in 12 to 24 months.
欧美
沉香市场
Market Demand of Agarwood
中东
Singapore 新加波
Middle East 香港 Hong Kong 中国 日本 China Japan
Europe & America
台湾 Taiwan
在中国，对顶级沉香的 需求已经把它的价格抬升 至每千克3万美元的高价。 据纽约消费者研究公司NPD Group Inc 统计，2012年乌德木香水的销售量 上涨了34% 如今，每年都会新推出一千多种香水，而其中每八瓶就有一瓶含有乌德木成 分。香水历史学家Elena Vosnaki表示，乌德木日益受到追捧折射出消费者 “追求浓郁、迷人的大胆香味，希望领略和体验其它文化的趋势”。而且， 这种趋势还将美国知名男士香水的销售额提升至 9.53亿美元。 Yves Saint Laurent、Nina Ricci、Juicy Couture 和Calvin Klein等知名品牌都 推出了以沉香香氛为主打的香水。去年，阿玛尼、迪奥（CDI）、法拉利甚 至美体小铺也都加入了这一行列。 在东南亚其他地区，最上乘的沉香块被手工制成手镯珠饰，并用于时尚和宗 教用途，价格极高。 在台湾，沉香甚至被用作酒中的芳香成分，为美酒佳酿增添一抹无处可觅的 独特风味。 In China, the demand for top grade Agarwood has raised its price to 30,000 USD per Kilogram. According to New York consumer research firm NPD Group Inc, the sales of OUD pe umes rose 34% in year 2012. Today, out of more than a thousand new scents released annually, one in eight contains oud. Historian and pe ume expe , Elena Vosnaki says, the developing taste for oud reflects “trends for intense, intriguing, daring scents that tap into a desire to travel and experience other cultures”. Fu hermore, it has helped drive sales of prestige male fragrances in the U.S. alone to $953 million. Recognized pe ume brands such as Yves Saint Laurent, Nina Ricci, Juicy Couture and Calvin Klein have all launched fragrances based on Agarwood aroma. In the past year, Armani, Dior (CDI), Ferrari and even The Body Shop have all jumped on the bandwagon. In other pa s of Southeast Asia, the finest Agarwood blocks are hand cra ed into bracelets and used for both fashion and religious purposes at an extremely high price. In Taiwan, Agarwood is even used as an aromatic component in wines, adding a touch of unique flavor to the wines.
对中东地区的许多人来所，他们仪式中使用 的沉香是无可替代的。 For most of the people in Middle East, Agarwood used in their rituals is irreplaceable.
焚点沉香片令其散发独特芳 香，是表示对客人的热情恭 迎，也是代表好客的象征， 而且这种木材本身就能彰显 财富和成功。 乌德木油提取自这种树木，经过蒸馏成为世上最宝贵的天然油之一。1982 年为阿曼的苏丹卡布斯从百年古树中提取的半茶匙乌德木油，就于2012年 以7000美元的价格卖给了私人收藏家。 The burning of Agarwood emits a unique aroma, as a warm welcome to the guests, and a symbol of hospitality. The wood itself represents wealth and success. OUD wood oil is extracted from this tree and distilled into one of the world’s most valuable natural oils. In 1982, a half teaspoon of OUD wood oil extracted from a 100-year-old tree by Oman’s Sultan Qaboos was sold to a private collector in 2012 for 7000 USD.
几千年来，东南亚各地对沉 香的药用需求也长盛不衰。 研成粉末后，沉香因能治疗一系列精神失常病患而备受印度阿育韦达、藏族 和东亚医药界重视。2013年，在副教授Rozi Mohamed博士主持下于马来 西亚博特拉大学森林学院召开的首届沉香科学国际研讨会（ISSA 2013）透 露，沉香树的叶子具有清肠特性，可以用作传统药茶。 For thousands of years, the medicinal demand for Agarwood in Southeast Asia has continued to thrive. Agarwood grounded into powder form can be used as a treatment of a series of mentally ill patients and therefore it is highly valued by Indian Ayurveda, Tibetan and East Asian Medical Industry. In 2013, at The First International Scientific Symposium on Agarwood (ISSA 2013) held at the Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), under the auspices of Associate Professor Dr. Rozi Mohamed, he revealed that the laxative prope ies of the Agarwood tree leaves can be used as a traditional herbal tea.
沉香片及沉香油的历史价格（每公斤） Price of Agarwood and Agarwood Oil in the history (Per Kg) 美金 72000
高级沉香片
64000
Top Grade Agarwood
56000
每托拉沉香油
48000
Per Tola of Agarwood Oil
40000 32000 24000 16000 8000 0 1995
1997
1999
2001
2002
2003
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
年份
40年来，沉香的 消耗量增长了25倍， 令其珍贵不菲，价比金高。 In the past 40 years, the demand of Agarwood has increased by 25 times, making it highly valuable, more expensive than gold.
GRAND OPENING OF AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
迎接 VVIP - MENTERI INDUSTRI UTAMA, YANG BERHORMAT TERESA KOK. Arrival of VVIP - MENTERI INDUSTRI UTAMA, YANG BERHORMAT TERESA KOK.
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
GRAND OPENING OF AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
新产品发布会 : BBB沉香枕头 ，沉香精油 & 沉香面膜。 New BBB Product Launching : Agarwood Kenaf Pillow, Agarwood Oil & Agarwood Mask
GRAND OPENING OF AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
签约仪式。 Signing of MOU Ceremony.
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
GRAND OPENING OF AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
大会贵宾和创办 人在沉香文化城门前剪彩。 Inaugurual guests and founder at the main entrance of Agarwood Cultural City for cu ing ceremony.
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
GRAND OPENING OF AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
沉香文化城正式开幕。 Agarwood Cultural City officially launched.
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
参观文化城 - 千年沉香。 Cultural City visit - Thousand years Agarwood tree.
GRAND OPENING OF AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
记者招待会。 Press Conference.
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
GRAND OPENING OF AGARWOOD CULTURAL CITY
马来西亚第一家沉香文化城 | 开幕典礼
大家参观及购买沉香产品。 Customers shopping for Agarwood products.
BBB OUD LIVING SDN BHD (Co. No. 1265385-X) G-11, 1-11, 2-11 & 3-11, Tiara Mutiara, No. 139, Jalan Puchong, 58200 K.L. Office: +603-2710 3333