Latino Perspectives Magazine by Latino Perspectives Magazine

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• march 2011

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MARCH 2011

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Mary

• ARIZONA EDITION

by ster dr. in ann g le a s ad oll ers ey hi

ARIZONA EDITION

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MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MUSEUM | OPEN SEVEN DAYS A WEEK Organized by Experience Music Project and the University of Washington Seattle, Washington

Exhibition Dates:

Open now through May 18, 2011

Joe Cuba band member Willie Torres dancing with partner at the Palladium. New York City, circa 1955.

American Sabor: Latinos in U.S. Popular Music tells the story of the profound inﬂuence and impact of Latinos in American popular music. Through a rich display of artifacts, instruments, audio/visual interactives, listening kiosks, and ﬁlms, this exhibition showcases some of the most important and iconic Latino musicians of the 20th century. Free with museum admission. Sponsored by

Media sponsor

The exhibition’s national tour and related programs are made possible by Ford Motor Company Fund.

MUSICAL INS TRUMENT MUSEUM

www.theMIM.org

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Journal of the American Latino Dream

Volume 7

{March 2011}

Issue 7

Pioneras de Arizona Help at the border Arizona trailblazers, strong women who have fought for civil rights and instigated social change

Politics aside, a formidable humanitarian effort is in the works by the Kino Border Initiative

42 7 8

From the editor

Extraordinary women blaze a trail in Arizona’s history books

¿Será posible?

30 Movin’ up Pearl joins Mayor Gordon’s staff; Heroes of

Education award to go to Lopez; Castillo is new senior VP of business affairs and CFO at UA

45 Education used to be that boys took shop and girls took Ithome ec. Now both sexes are taking Family and Consumer Sciences

33 Entrepreneur Anna Marie G is spreading goodwill

49 Health

12 LP journal Social security cuts may affect Latinos the

54 Time out

14 Vibe Cheech Marin’s Chicanitas; Sister Cities

39 Career It started with Rosie the Riveter, and now

19 Rincón del arte Olivia Calderon, Mariachi soloist, has

43 Those who serve

58 My perspective

Can you imagine being sued for not taking care of your elderly mamacita?

most; Why hasn’t anyone been covering the 2009 Arivaca murder case?

WorldFEST; Latino legends postage stamps

a diamond voice that sends chills

Women now have more power to choose from a vast menu of contraceptive methods

on Grand Ave. with ShopDevious.com

Briefcase

Latina entrepreneurs who have survived the recession – and are forging ahead

women are working nontraditional jobs more than ever

Norma Navarro, police officer with the Scottsdale PD

the utah

The meditative martial art of tai chi may look silly to some, but the benefits are for body, mind and soul – and self-defense

P.S.

In the midst of his people

Dr. Anna Solley on growing Latino leaders

Coming in April: compact in arizona? www.latinopm.com

¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

I can’t stand her. She’s had work done to every inch of her body! EV-ER-Y-INCH. ¡Y hasta se “botosió”!

How? She couldn’t even afford highlights!

I know. How did she do it?

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¡! from the executive editor

March 2011

Las Mujeres

Publisher/CEO Ricardo Torres Executive Editor/COO Cecilia Rosales, Ph.D. Editor Rosa Cays Art Director Charles Sanderson Contributing Writers Catherine Anaya, Frank Barrios, Erica Cardenas, Dan Cortez, Jonathan J. Higuera, Christine Marin, Robrt L. Pela, Stella Pope Duarte, Anna Solley, Georgann Yara Director of Sales and Marketing Carlos Jose Cuervo Advertising Account Executives Grace Alvarez and Barry Farber Executive Assistant to CEO & COO Olivia Rojas Special Events Nicholas Fierro Webmaster Jorge Quintero

www.latinopm.com 3877 N. 7th St., Ste. 200 Phoenix, Arizona 85014 602-277-0130 Advertising: sales@latinopm.com Editorial: editor@latinopm.com Design: art@latinopm.com

Subscriptions For home or office delivery, please send your name, address, phone number, and a check for $24 to Latino Perspectives Magazine at the address above. Subscriptions also available for credit-card purchase by calling 602-277-0130. Visit www.latinopm.com/digital for a free digital subscription. Latino Perspectives Magazine is published 12 times a year and is selectively distributed throughout Arizona. The entire contents of this publication are copyrighted by Latino Perspectives Media, LLC, all rights reserved, and may not be reproduced in any manner, in whole or in part, without written permission from the publisher.

By Cecilia Rosales, Ph.D.

In March, we celebrate Women’s History Month. To commemorate the

occasion, each year the U.S. Census Bureau releases data to help shed light on the status of women in America. From the data released this year, we learned that overall, women still earn 77 cents for every $1 earned by men. The good news for us is that, like in previous years, our state is among those with higher ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings: at or above 80 percent. These tidbits of information can be eye-opening, or at the very least, simple reminders of how far we have come since 1857, when a group of factory workers in New York City staged a protest to denounce poor working conditions. These factory workers inspired many other women and unchained a series of events that would eventually result in the observance of International Women’s Day in 1909, then National Women’s Week in 1981, and the monthlong celebration we know today. In that spirit of solidarity, we say bravo to the women who have worked to improve the working conditions for all of us; to those who have fought for equality and greater representation in the public and the private sector. To those who have paved the way for the next generation. Latino Perspectives Magazine and the Raul H. Castro Institute have partnered once again to publish Arizona Latina Trailblazers: Stories of Courage, Hope and Determination, Vol. III, to pay tribute to six remarkable women: the late state Rep. Carmen Cajero and her daughter state Sen. Olivia Cajero Bedford; educator, attorney and civil rights advocate Cecilia D. Esquer, a dear friend and mentor to many of us who died last December; Tempe pioneers Manuela Sánchez Sotelo and her daughter María Sotelo Miller; and Maricopa County Supervisor Mary Rose Wilcox. Arizona Latina Trailblazers is a compilation of biographies written by Dr. Christine Marin, archivist emerita at Arizona State University, and a companion DVD of video interviews. We share with you a sneak peak on page 20. Come join us on March 24 at 5:30 p.m. at the Phoenix Art Museum for a community celebration in honor of these women and their legacies. RSVP to trailblazers@latinopm.com. In keeping with the theme, this month’s editorial lineup is dedicated to women. Erica Cardenas looks at “nontraditional” careers for women. Robrt Pela analyzes the evolution of home economics, and Georgann Yara reviews birth-control options in today’s market. If you are looking for inspiration, don’t miss the profiles of mariachi soloist Olivia Calderon, Officer Norma Navarro with the Scottsdale Police Department, and Anna Marie G, the entrepreneur behind ShopDevious.com. Lastly, starting next month, we’ll bring back the education and business briefs: scholarships, special lectures or workshops, networking, internship opportunities, calls for nominations – the works. This will allow us to keep you informed about one-day events in our community and to be able to accommodate some of the many requests from nonprofit groups who submit information for us to share with our readers. Hasta la próxima.

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¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡! ¿Será posible?

To abuelita’s house you go – or else By Robrt L. Pela

Latinos take care of their own.

Among the last cultures to assume Grandma will move in with them when she’s unable to care for herself – or who’ve moved her in long before she’s old and frail, just to have her near – Latinos have long looked after their elderly. Sadly, among most other American communities, this way of life is fast becoming a quaint memory. Elsewhere, it’s about to become illegal not to take care of Mama. A proposal submitted last month by the Civil Affairs Ministry to China’s State Council recommends that grown children of elderly parents be required – by law – to regularly visit Mom and Dad. And if they don’t, the folks can haul their kids into court. Seriously. The proposal would amend a 1996 law pertaining to the rights of the aged in China. Under consideration this month by China’s government-appointed National People’s Congress, the amendment appears doomed for failure, at least according to some wags. But activists for the elderly, both here and in China, hope the proposal becomes law. They’re seeing an unfortunate trend, one that mirrors most American cultures, in Chinese stepping away from their old people once they become infirm and need daily help. As older people in China are increasingly moving into lonely

Your thoughts? Tell us what you think. Send your thoughts to editor@latinopm.com 8

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡ March 2011!

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eldercare facilities, the average suicide rate among Chinese between 70 and 74 years old has nearly tripled in the past decade. It’s the world’s third highest elderly suicide rate, just behind South Korea and Taiwan. As with Latinos, Chinese are raised with the notion that adult children naturally care for their aged parents. But while some family members might scorn a Latina who sticks mamacita in a nursing home, she wouldn’t be handed a lawsuit over it. In China, though, there are reasons for things to evolve differently. For one thing, China’s elderly population is growing rapidly, while the number of young adults is shrinking, a huge demographic shift that’s been building for decades – ever since the one-child-perfamily rule took hold. While the elderly still make up a relatively small share of

Latino Perspectives welcomes feedback from readers regarding published stories or topics of interest. Please include your name and phone number. Mail letters to Editor, Latino Perspectives, 3877 N. 7th St., Ste. 200, Phoenix, AZ 85014. Or, e-mail letters to editor@latinopm.com.

China’s population compared with some Western nations, demographers predict that the proportion of elderly will nearly double by the year 2025. By 2050, they say, one in four Chinese will be 65 or older. While these demographics are shifting, the younger Chinese are developing more and more Western values, leaving behind the traditions that dictate, among other things, caring for their own elderly. As with many Hispanic cultures, the Chinese have traditionally shared their homes with several generations of their family. But a new report by China’s National Committee on Aging, an advisory group to the state council, suggests that more than half of all Chinese over the age of 60 now live independently from their grown children, often in assisted-living facilities, where feelings of loneliness and depression, the report says, are often the result. While the Chinese are grappling with new attitudes about family, and some are getting litigious about it, one wonders: Would a Latino drag his son or daughter into court if he or she refused to help care for him? Would any Western culture, family-oriented or not, even attempt to govern social behavior, rather than, say, call for community care and in-home services for old people? It seems unlikely. And so, at least until Latinos begin dumping their own tradición familiar, abuelita has nothing to worry about.

Editorial mission statement Latino Perspectives creates community, cultivates cultural pride and provokes, challenges and connects Latinos who are defining, pursuing, and achieving the American Latino Dream.

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Conversation starters from the world around us

12 LP Journal

Social security not so secure; Arivaca murders virtually ignored

14 Vibe

Chicanitas, hermanitas and estampillas

19 Rincón del arte

Diamond-voiced Mariachi soloist Olivia Calderon

i say... I feel like she’s black. I’m black and I’m her mother, and I believe in the one-drop theory.

—Actor Halle Berry on 2-year-old daughter Nahla, whose father is white

image courtesy of mesa contemporary arts

Well, he had not accomplished a thing when he got the Nobel Prize … It was given to him on hope. —Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on President Barack Obama

I would hope ... other candidates ... join me in opposing Russell Pearce’s ill-conceived legislation.

page

La Mendiga (2009) by Ricardo Ruiz, one little painting on exhibit at Mesa Contemporary Arts

—Phoenix mayoral hopeful Greg Stanton on S.B. 1611 that, among other things, would deny public education to undocumented children

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¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡!¡!

LP journal

Start filling your piggy bank now or take a gamble with Social Security

Security blanket It was, some are saying, only a matter of time. Even fans of President Barack Obama are queasy about the White House fiscal commission’s recommended cutbacks of the nation’s already modest Social Security benefits as part of its aggressive deficit-reduction strategy. It’s a proposal that overlooks the ways in which such cutbacks will affect folks who rely on Social Security as a principal source of income, as well as those who have no other pension benefits. Like Latinos. As the fastest-growing community in America, they’ll lose the most if Obama’s Social Security amendments are made. In 50 years, the Latino population — which tends to earn lower wages than do white people, and therefore receives smaller accrued benefits from Social Security — will account for nearly 20 percent of the American elderly. According to a new report from the National Hispanic Council on Aging, that means the number 12

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡ March 2011!

of Latinos living below poverty level will triple over the next half-century. While one out of 10 Latinos over age 65 typically have retirement money socked away, the number is six times that for non-Latinos. But that, according to the new report, is about to change: In the next five years, the number of Latinos in the workforce is expected to increase by 30 percent, compared to a 5-percent increase of nonLatinos. Therefore, the taxable earnings of the Latino workforce will make a vital contribution that will benefit the retiring baby boomer generation of every nationality. Reading the Council on Aging report, it’s easy to see why Latinos will suffer if Social Security goes away or is again diminished by further cutbacks. For most of the Latino population, it’s their only income during retirement, which stands as a setback for entire families who might, unlike in white families, be dependent on papi’s income to keep the household running. www.latinopm.com

That’s an unfortunate irony, since Social Security’s benefits have never been stellar, and its average income offered to Latinos is lower than for other ethnic groups. But that doesn’t mitigate the fact that Latinos share income among their families more widely than those in other communities, and will need those benefits longer, because of their higher life expectancy. (Latino men, according to the report, typically live to at least age 85; women usually live five years longer. Both numbers are a higher average life expectancy than those of other ethnic groups.) Dumping Social Security barely makes sense. According to a recent story in The Huffington Post, Social Security ran a $77 billion surplus in 2010 alone; its current surplus of $2.6 trillion is projected to grow to over $4 trillion in the next 10 years. Therefore, the article states, Social Security should have no trouble fulfilling 100 percent of its obligations until the year 2037. With no modifications to its current

structure, Social Security would be able to cover approximately 80 percent of its benefits. Because scrapping Social Security would spell disaster for Latino communities nationwide, several prominent national organizations have joined forces to re-launch Latinos for Secure Retirement, a recently folded coalition originally created to protect Social Security and the future of elderly Latinos. The group’s initial agenda includes protecting Social Security from privatization and benefit cuts, and investigating the wisdom in raising the retirement age. The group is hoping to prove, in coming months, that putting a bead on Social Security does more than promise poverty among the elderly: It takes away the economic security of all Latinos.

Latinos don’t count In May of 2009, three people masquerading as police officers in camouflage staged a home invasion at the Arivaca, Arizona trailer home of Raul Flores and Gina Gonzalez and their 9-year-old

LP journal daughter, Brisenia. When Raul, a suspected drug dealer, questioned whether the three were in fact law enforcement officers, one of them shot him. Six times. Then the assailant turned his gun on Gina, who played dead in hopes of surviving. While Gina lay there, she listened as her husband died. And then, as her daughter pleaded for her own life. The gunman, unmoved, shot the child twice in the head. It’s a gruesome, terrible story and — amazingly — one that few Arizonans have heard. That may be because, according to journalist Terry Greene Sterling, the people killed were Latino. “Fewer people care what happens to Mexican Americans,” says Sterling, an award-winning news writer and author of the recently published book Illegal: Life and Death in Arizona’s Immigration War Zone. Sterling, a native Arizonan, was the only journalist covering the Arivaca murders for national media; she wrote about the crimes in her book. “Latinos are upset, and rightly so,” Sterling says, “because this case received so little attention.” She points out that the recent murders of non-Latino border patrol agents and the killing of white rancher Robert Krentz made international headlines. And when Jared Loughner opened fire on a Tucson supermarket in January, killing six people, including Chief U.S. District Court Judge John Roll and 9-year-old Christina Taylor Green, the story dominated media channels for weeks.

“Latinos are saying, ‘Where is the outrage?’” Sterling says. “The consensus seems to be that because the victims in Arivaca were Mexican American and reportedly involved in drug smuggling, that they don’t warrant any attention.” Sterling spent most of last month in Tucson covering the trial of Shawna Forde, the self-appointed border patrol vigilante and former Minuteman Civil Defense Corps member who reportedly masterminded the brutal slayings. Forde, who pleaded not guilty to two counts of first-degree murder, one count of attempted firstdegree murder, and several home-invasion-related crimes, reportedly wanted Raul Flores killed because he was considered “competition” among the local border drug dealers. On Valentine’s Day, Forde was convicted of both

murder charges and has been sentenced to death by lethal injection; her sentence is expected to be appealed. In the minds of most reporters, Arivaca, a tiny community smack-dab in the middle of the drug- and humansmuggling corridor 10 miles north of the Mexican border, is just another small town where bad things happen. And the cold-blooded killing of Flores and his child is merely what can happen to people who sell drugs and live in trailers. They get little sympathy, and the crimes against them, no matter how violent, don’t warrant headlines. Sterling doesn’t believe Flores was a full-fledged drug dealer; certainly not big enough to warrant a gangland slaying. “He lived in a trailer!” she says. “His wife was working two jobs. If he was even selling pot, he wasn’t doing such a great job of it.”

Presente.org’s poster of Brisenia Flores (detail). Art by Favianna Rodriguez www.latinopm.com

¡!

So why target Flores? Sterling suspects it was less about selling weed than it was about race. Forde, who’d boasted before the murders that she was starting up her own chapter of the Minuteman border patrol group, may well have gone after Flores and his family simply because they were Mexican American. Some reports say Forde was hoping to find drug money to finance her own vigilante group. “This murder is just one more example of the tragedy over what’s happening at our border,” Sterling says. “There’s a cultural fencing off that takes place when you put up a fence, and its effect spreads far and wide.” Others agree and, roused by Forde’s recent conviction, are calling for action. Somos Republicans, a national Hispanic Republican watchdog group, is calling for a congressional investigation of domestic terrorism by border vigilantes. “It’s time for investigation into this epidemic of domestic terrorism by vigilantes along our border,” the group wrote to Congressman Peter King, chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, “to disarm the Minutemen, nativists, and neo-Nazis at the border.” Despite such calls to arms, Sterling worries that murders being swept under the carpet because they happened to immigrants and other Latinos may continue to be a fact of life. “You cover this beat long enough,” she sighs, “and the reality of how people feel about Latinos just smacks you in the face, over and over again.”

¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡!

vibe

No importa el tamaño

WorldFEST

Pero sí importa el arte, large

Sample international

or small. In this case, the art is chico, hence the diminutively named exhibit, Chicanitas: Small Paintings from the Collection of Cheech Marin {size doesn’t matter} at Mesa Contemporary Arts. Marin is an avid collector of Chicano art and his new thing is small works, hence the title of the show. The art in the exhibit is La Dottie by Ricardo Ruiz in a variety of media — and all less than 16-by-16 inches in size. From photorealism to abstractions, portraits to landscapes, Chicanitas offers an intimate sampling from 26 established and emerging artists. Opens March 18, with a community reception on April 8, 7-10 p.m. Mesa Contemporary Arts is at 1 E. Main Street in downtown Mesa. Hours: Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday 10 a.m.-5 p.m.; Thursday 10 a.m.-8 p.m.; Sunday noon-5 p.m.; closed Monday. Admission is $3.50, gratis on Thursdays. Kudos to Mesa Arts Center for yet another exciting season of eclectic, multicultural and fun programming.

cuisine, cultures and music at WorldFEST, a free festival of international cultures on March 18, 19 and 20 at Heritage and Science Park, 6th and Van Buren Streets. Visitors will enjoy performances on two stages, an area for los niños and a “World of Beers.” The event celebrates Phoenix’s nine sister cities and its cultures. Represented at the event will be Hermosillo, Mexico; Himeji, Japan; Ramat-Gan, Israel; Taipei, Taiwan; Calgary, Canada; Catania, Italy; Chengdu, China; Ennis, Ireland, and Grenoble, France. The celebración starts with “Happy Hour” at 4 p.m., and live music and performances continue ‘til 10 p.m. Join in the festivities on Friday from 4 to 10 p.m.; Saturday, noon to 11 p.m. and Sunday, March 20, noon to 5 p.m. Visit www.phoenixsistercities.org for more info.

Get more Vibe at www.latinopm.com

Bidi bidi bom bom Write this name down: Rafael López. Then go to

Service releases his beautiful 2011 Latin Music Legend stamps. They will be available in Miami and San Antonio, but we can all enjoy them on his website. Be prepared to get nostalgic with the images paying tribute to Celia Cruz, Carlos Gardel, Carmen Miranda, Tito Puente and Selena. Rafael López grew up in Mexico City and divides his time between his studios in San Diego and San Miguel de Allende. Pobrecito. Follow his blog and learn more about his creative process at http://rafaellopezstudio.blogspot.com. images courtesy of: mesa contemporary arts; city of phoenix; rafael lópez

www.rafaellopez.com to fall in love with his work. This master artist and illustrator has won multiple awards, including the 2010 Pura Belpré Illustrator Award by the American Library Association, for his illustrations for Pat Mora’s Book Fiesta! Among his impressive list of clients worldwide is Ms. Winfrey (of O’ fame), who commissioned him to create paintings for her girls’ school in South Africa. Qué nice! This month, Rafael has lots to celebrate as the U.S. Postal

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡ March 2011!

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Vibe

¡!

Lola's Voicemail:

Congresswoman Michelle Bachmann ...

image courtesy of Alac

I’ve been thinking about your

Artwork by April Garcia

Happy birthday, ALAC The Arizona Latino Arts & Cultural

Center (ALAC) celebrated its first anniversary with El Fandango and fundraiser this past January. The downtown Phoenix venue opened its doors in December of 2009 and has since become a favorite spot for First Friday revelers, art patrons and aficionados. Linda Tórres, president of ALAC’s board of directors, is proud — and with good reason — of what the organization has accomplished. “Thousands of people have passed through our doors and countless local and nationally renowned artists have exhibited their work and performed in the space.” ALAC is located at 147 E. Adams St. in Phoenix. For an exhibition schedule and special events, check out www.alacaz.org or call 602-254-9817. Visiting La Tiendita is a must: you’ll find imports and an eclectic selection of wearable and decorative arts and crafts by local artists and artisans. Hours: Tuesday - Saturday, 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. Extended hours for First Fridays and special events.

reaction to the IRS announcement that breast pumps are now tax deductible. I would have assumed that for an educated overachiever like you – a business owner, mother of five and a foster mother to more than 20 kids – the news that breast pumps are now tax deductible would be a good thing; like a “stimulus” for working women who want to breastfeed but for whom a $300 breast pump is out of reach. But, no. I was mistaken. And now I’m puzzled. I’m still trying to fully understand your response: “I mean, you want to talk about the nanny state? I think you just got a new definition of the nanny.” I find the use of the term funny, because just the other day I was talking to some friends about the “other” nanny state. You know, the one that doesn’t allow gay people to have the same rights as straight people; the one that defines for the entire country what a “marriage” ought to be. The same nanny state that makes it illegal for terminally ill people, in full use of their mental faculties, to end their lives in a humane way if they so choose. And then taxes them upon their death, regardless of the cause or manner of death. I digress. You claim the “hard left” is using the tax code for socialengineering purposes and that the government must stop telling people how to run their lives. As soon as I asked myself, out loud, “But how is making a breast pump tax deductible telling people how to run their lives?” I started getting action alerts from conservative women’s groups. They have come out against the deduction, claiming it favors mothers who “decide” to work out of the home. Complicating it further, they’ve brought up the child-

care tax credit, saying it “rewards” women who leave the care of their children to daycare facilities and penalizes women who “do the right thing” and stay home and take care of their kids themselves. ¡Ay, ay, ay! I’m sure there are childless people out there claiming in this precise moment that they are the ones who should be getting a tax break, because they are not contributing to global warming or overcrowded schools by remaining childless, yet they pay for taxes for schools and the like. I know you personally want to get rid of the tax code and replace it with something simpler (one reason being it’s seven times longer than the Bible!). The problem here is that if you want to make this a partisan issue, you can’t pick and choose which tax deductions are social engineering. I haven’t heard many tea partiers enraged over the tax break for, say, fees paid to “Christian Science practitioners for medical care.” (Too bad I can’t deduct my curandera, or that my mother isn’t getting paid for the countless hours she prays to San Judas Tadeo for my well-being.) And I haven’t heard your complaints over the tax break for NASCAR, which is expected to cost the treasury north of 40 million dollars. Or how about the “other” taxdeductible pump for men with ED? The thing is, as a former federal tax litigation attorney and a potential presidential candidate, you know better than to make charged statements and unnecessarily politicize breastfeeding any further. But, then again, perhaps I’m wrong otra vez and you are even smarter than I think. Are feigning ignorance to mobilize and polarize your base? Perhaps follow in Mama Grizzly’s steps? Sca-ry.

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¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡!

Pocho keen

Vibe

Like peachy keen, pero different Yakety Yak

DJ Seduce of Afro:Baile is at it

again, with the second annual Carnaval do Brazil on March 12 at Club 910 Live, 910 N. McClintock Road, in Tempe from 8 p.m. to 2 a.m. Admission is $15; must be 21 and older. Guests can expect Brazilian music, performances, colorful costumes and muchísima dance. The lineup includes Brasilidade from Unica Samba School in Rio de Janeiro; Axé Folclórico from Recife; and Som Brasil from Sao Paulo. Recently added: Salome from Bahia. And because no party is complete without chow, attendees can indulge in the creations of Val’s Brazilian Cuisine. The Carnaval will serve as a backdrop for the release of DJ Seduce’s latest CD entitled Brazil:Sambossica 3, a blend of Brazilian samba, bossa, funk, soul, jazz and electronica. It, too, will have you dancing. More details about Carnaval, ticket package deals and CD available and on sale at www.carnavalbrazilaz.com.

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡ March 2011!

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Do you have something pocho, peachy or keen to say? Send it to pochokeen@latinopm.com.

Carnaval do Brazil

fascination with the comedic antics of Benny Hill. His show was on Channel 8, the same channel that aired Sesame Street during the day. Talk about contrast. It might have had a lot to do with Mr. Hill chasing scantily dressed women in fast motion while the goofy “Yakety Sax” blared through my TV. Niiice! I wasn’t sure where England was; yet, I grew to love the British brand of humour and eventually graduated to the more eclectic humor of Monty Python. I started to love the Brits; the way they talked and their wacky ways. But I’ve had to question my love for the blokes in recent days. Much to my chagrin, it was when I heard that one of the hosts of Top Gear, a car-themed show that airs on BBC America, reviewed a Mexican sports car (I must admit, I did not know one existed) as “lazy, feckless, flatulent, overweight, leaning against a fence asleep looking at a cactus …” His point was that cars reflect national characteristics – a stab at humour. Another host described Mexican food as “refried sick.” They weren’t worried about complaints since they were sure that the Mexican ambassador to England would be asleep, snoring, with a remote control in his hand. Making matters worse, another of the Top Gear hosts later

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When I was a kid, I had a deep

addressed the comments in his column. He defended his co-host and accused Mexicans of not having a sense of humor, and even broke out the old joke about why Mexico can’t field an Olympic team. It would have been one thing if the jokes were clever a la Ricky Gervais, but they weren’t. The Top Gear comments were offensive and had no place on television, and certainly not on the BBC I had admired as a boy. The BBC issued a formal apology saying, “We are sorry if we have offended some people, but jokes centred on national stereotyping are a part of Top Gear’s humour …” Weak. That’s like me saying that the British should all have their teeth knocked into place with a couple of well-placed punches, or that their food is so bad that relief workers can’t get starving people to eat it – and then apologizing to the Queen, but defending the jibe at the Brits’ poor dental hygiene. The BBC statement went on to say that “Our own comedians make jokes about the British being terrible cooks and terrible romantics, and we in turn make jokes about the Italians being disorganised and overdramatic; the French being arrogant and the Germans being over organised.” Exactly how is being disorganized, arrogant and over-organized comparable to the Top Gear comments about Mexicans? I don’t think Benny Hill or the Monty Python players would have endorsed any of this nonsense. No, they would have thought of clever ways to make me laugh about life’s absurdities and would have left the racist jokes to the racists.

Vibe Happenings at Phoenix Art Museum

¡!

Anaya says Mark Kelly knows best By Catherine Anaya

Photo courtesy of Phoenix Art Museum

Miraculous. Lucky. Remarkable.

1946 polka-dot dress from the house of Lucien LeLong, believed to be designed by Christian Dior

Théâtre de la Mode An exhibit featuring miniature mannequins dressed in couture from the 1940s will be on display next month at Phoenix Art Museum’s Ellman Fashion Design Gallery. The 27-inch dolls are part of Théâtre de la Mode, created in France in 1945 when couturiers, jewelers, milliners, hairdressers and theater designers joined together to remind the world of Paris’s paradigmatic role in fashion. Paris had been the mecca of high fashion in the ‘40s, but the occupation of France significantly constrained the industry’s resources. The exhibition traveled to Great Britain and Europe, and finally to the U.S. in 1946. Théâtre de la Mode was the survival of haute couture. Three scenes from this historic collection, on loan from the Maryhill Museum of Art in Goldendale, Wash., are showcased in this exhibition. The historical context and the resulting couture make the show a must-see. Phoenix Art Museum Ellman Fashion Design Gallery March 12, 2011 – July 31, 2011 More info at wwww.phxart.org.

We’ve heard these and many other words used to describe the astounding recovery of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords. She survived a shot in the head during a mass shooting in Tucson in January, leaving doctors – who typically talk in terms of science – talking of a miracle; and people all over the world pointing to faith. As we all prayed for the family of those who did not survive and the many injured, the Giffords story was one many of us just couldn’t get out of our minds. I cried listening to her husband Mark Kelly talk about how he first learned about the shooting and the initial reports that she had died. The tough astronaut broke down as he recalled hearing the news on television and then finding out his wife was still alive as he rushed from Houston to Tucson to be by her side. I can’t imagine. The most poignant image from the days following the shooting is a photograph of Kelly holding Giffords’ hand at her hospital bedside. All you see is their hands, tightly intertwined. The visual speaks volumes; a commitment to hold hands in the face of whatever life delivers. When the going gets tough, the grip gets stronger. Four weeks after the shooting, Kelly determined he would lead the space shuttle Endeavour’s final voyage in April after all, which seems to have caught many off guard. Some have been critical of the decision, believing he should remain with his wife.

When Kelly made the announcement and said his wife would embrace his choice to return to space, I couldn’t help but think that none of us are in any position to judge him. “I know her very well, and she would be very comfortable with the decision that I made,” Kelly told reporters. Who can argue with that? They are husband and wife and presumably know each other better than anyone. Again, I go back to that photo of their hands. They must have an intense admiration and respect for each other, and strong commitments to the careers they have each chosen. “Spaceflight is a risky business. Apparently, so is being a member of Congress. We each take risks every day in our lives,” said Kelly. I think about the reports of her rubbing her husband’s neck just days after the shooting, and I can’t help but smile, imagining the deep love that must move her, even lying there critically injured, to make sure her husband is OK, letting him know she’s OK. Kelly admits that immediately after the shooting, he never imagined he would fly the two-week mission. But his wife’s rapid progress in rehab made his decision easier. It could not have been an easy one, regardless. He insists his wife will be there to see his final shuttle launch — and people all over the world will see Gabrielle at his final shuttle launch. You can bet I’ll be watching, too, with faith in my heart and a grip of the closest hand I can find.

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¡!

rincón del arte

Voz preciosa Olivia Calderon, Mexican mariachi soloist Originally from: Salinas, California, and raised in Eloy, Arizona.

Creating music since … I was three years old, singing at family gatherings, a talent cultivated by my parents Frank Lee Calderon and Maria Torres Calderon. My mother sang and my maternal grandfather in Guadalajara sang. My grandfather, Jesus Torres, a bracero, sang mariachi style. My family would travel to Guadalajara during the summers and I’d sing with him. I began singing in the church choir when I was eight years old at St. Helen’s Catholic Church in Eloy. She sang to me as a baby and she sings with me today. My Grandma Lulu, my father’s mother, was also a singer. My K-12 music teachers, Mr. and Mrs. Germain and Sandra Corriero, also influenced me. Mrs. Corriero was my elementary band teacher, and Mr. Corriero was my high school band teacher. My teacher Ramon Acuña provided my Mexican musical education. He taught me to sing when I was 8 and taught me how to play the guitar so I could accompany myself.

Education: Bachelor of Arts in Music with a minor in criminal justice at Northern Arizona University, 1998. While at NAU, I sang with the university’s top vocal ensemble, the University Chorale, for which I also served as president during my senior year. What is your goal as a performer? To introduce people to the alma (soul) of Mexican mariachi music ... and that life can be made greater through the music stories tell. I want to move people so they feel the passion I feel when I sing…. Even if people don’t understand the Spanish I sing, I want them to feel the universal emotions of love and passion through the way I sing classical mariachi music.

Favorite song: “Cucurrucucu Paloma.” It has defined my journey. I learned that song when I was 14.

Photo by kelly cox

Inspiration: My mother, Maria Torres Calderon.

Artists you’d like to meet: Chavela Vargas, a legend in Mexican ranchera music, for her incredible power and passion; Juan Gabriel, a Mexican singer and songwriter who is one of the most famous living representatives of the Mexican ranchera, ballad, mariachi and pop music; Vincent Fernandez, because he’s a legend in mariachi music, and Gloria Estefan, the most successful crossover performer in Latin music today.

Where can we hear you sing? I am currently performing every Sunday from 10 a.m. to noon at Bitzee Mama’s Restaurant at 7023 N. 58th Avenue in an area known as the Centerline District, the art and soul of historic downtown Glendale. I’m also a regular performer at the Arizona Latin@ Arts and Cultural Center, and will perform at the private donor’s reception for the Herberger Theater Center.

Website: www.oliviacalderon.com

Help us highlight the local arts Send information to editor@latinopm.com.

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n March 24th, Latino Perspectives Magazine and the Raul H. Castro Institute will pay tribute to six trailblazing women. The event will take place at the Phoenix Art Museum from 5:30 to 8:00 p.m. These women have given us the legacy of civil rights. It is a legacy that has risen from themes of immigration, work, sacrifice, politics and social justice. When Manuela Sánchez Sotelo and her family arrived in Arizona’s Salt River Valley in 1872 as Tempe’s first Mexican family, little did she realize the vital role she and her children would play in forging Mexican-Anglo American relationships and the advocacy of public education in the Arizona Territory. Equally as important is Manuela’s daughter María Sotelo Miller. She and her children serve as examples of the blending of two diverse cultures in the Arizona frontier. Manuela’s grandchildren – María’s children – came away with teaching credentials from the Tempe Territorial Normal School and used them to educate Arizona’s children.

2011

Two generations of the Cajero family left their homes in Jalisco, Mexico, bound for work in the copper mining town of Morenci, Arizona, in the early 1900s. They came in search of the American dream of equality and success and a better life for their children. Their dreams were fulfilled through the political work of Bernardo and Carmen Cajero and their daughter, Olivia Cajero Bedford. The women served their Tucson community with honor and with distinction. Carmen fought for state funding of free textbooks for Arizona’s high school students and won. And her daughter Olivia fought for the rights of women to advocate for their own health care. Cecilia Teyechea Denogeán Esquer and Mary Rose Garrido Wilcox left their copper mining community of Superior as young women in the decades of the 1950s and 1960s to pursue an education at Arizona State University. As students and as political leaders, they encountered challenges that awakened their sense of social justice and equality. They experienced school segregation and they didn’t like it. And they knew it was wrong.

By Christine Marin, Ph.D.

Cecilia and Mary Rose were products of the 1960s civil rights era and the Chicano Movement in Arizona. They excelled in their varied careers in the legal field, as educators, social workers, political leaders and as civil rights advocates. And their constant message was that of equality and equitability. Once they entered the arena of politics, there was no turning back for them. Their political contributions on behalf of the Democratic Party are legendary. But what is more notable is their work on behalf of the poor; the dispossessed; the women and children and their families; the sick and the elderly. These six Latina trailblazers are the daughters of honorable families with rich histories of moral courage and strength. They were raised in communities that taught them lessons of cultural survival and political struggle. They have been agents of social change and have made a difference in their professions and careers. Their efforts strengthened their collective communities and they have helped others to find their own place in America. They are extraordinary women of Arizona – true trailblazers.

Cecilia Esquer she recounts the bigotry and prejudice she encountered even as a young child. Like the times she was told to claim she was Spanish instead of Mexican, or the many times she and her classmates were punished for speaking Spanish, even outside the classroom. In 1954, Cecilia’s parents moved the family to Phoenix in hopes of better opportunities for their children. She attended Phoenix Union High school and graduated with a B.A. in business education and a master’s degree in Spanish and Latin American literature from ASU.

Photo courtes y of elias esquer

Cecilia Esquer liked to use the words of Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor to describe herself : “An ordinary person who has been blessed with extraordinary opportunities and experiences.” Except Cecilia was far from ordinary. She was fearless and spoke her mind, especially when it came to matters of social injustice. Cecilia Teyechea Denogeán was born in Superior, Arizona, in 1942. She attended the town’s segregated Mexican school, Harding Elementary, through the seventh grade. In her autobiography, The Lie of My Inferiority: Evolution of a Chicana Activist, published in September 2010,

Cecilia Esquer with Hillary Rodham Clinton

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attorney general in November 2002, he asked Cecilia to be his chief counsel for the Public Advocacy Division, which included the Consumer Protection and Advocacy Section and the Environmental Enforcement Section. After a long and notable career, Cecilia passed away at the age of 68 on December 4, 2010. Her memorial service was filled with family and friends who had been touched by Cecilia’s spark. Cecilia liked to end her emails to family and friends with an inspirational quote by Senator Ted Kennedy, “The work goes on, the cause endures, the hope still lives and the dreams shall never die.” Her own legacy is one of hope and inspiration.

Carmen Cajero Olivia Cajero Bedford State senator Olivia Cajero Bedford didn’t have to look far from home for mentors. She credits her parents Bernardo and Carmen Cajero with having instilled in her a passion for civic engagement and public service. The family’s history of public service started with Olivia’s father, Bernardo “Nayo” Cajero. The Morenci native settled in Tucson and opened a barber shop in the historic barrio known as “El Hoyo.” It attracted a steady clientele of neighbors, local politicians, teachers and prominent community leaders. He entered politics encouraged in part by individuals affiliated with the civil rights organization Alianza Hispano Americana and members of the Democratic Party. In 1968, he won a District 10 seat in the Arizona House of Representatives. His work as a precinct and city ward committeeman, and his popularity as an astute businessman and president of Pueblo High School’s PTA, made his election an easy victory. In January 1973, Bernardo passed away following a series of heart attacks, just as he was beginning his third term as a state representative. Gov. Jack

Photo courtesy of olivia cajero bedford

In 1965, she married Elias Esquer, the youngest child of a prominent Latino family in Tempe, and together they embarked on a lifelong journey dedicated to education and raising social and political awareness in their community. They joined the United Farm Workers Organizing committee in the 1960s, an experience that turned out to be life changing. They spent many weekends going door to door to register voters, often as many as 300 in a weekend. With their children Andrea and Marcos in tow, they also attended weekly rallies. The Esquers chartered new territory the following decade. Elias became the first Latino elected to the Tempe Union High School District board, and two years later, Cecilia was elected a precinct committeewoman. In 1973, she was the first Chicana elected as a member-at-large of the Democratic National Committee. During the fall of 1973, Cecilia returned to ASU to pursue a Juris Doctorate. She graduated in 1976 and began to practice civil law in Tempe, establishing a solid reputation as a political adviser. Her tireless work for the Democratic Party and on political campaigns for human dignity and justice is legendary. In 1978, while serving as state assistant attorney general, Cecilia was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the board of directors of the Legal Services Corporation, where she served alongside Hillary Rodham Clinton and other notables in the profession. In 1981, Cecilia joined ASU’s College of Business as an assistant professor, the only ethnic minority woman in a tenuretrack position at the college. She continued her teaching career at Phoenix College where she became a faculty member in the Department of Justice and Legal Studies, and director of the Legal Assisting Program. She “retired” to work on the campaigns of candidates for city and state offices for and within the Democratic Party. When Terry Goddard was elected Arizona

Former Gov. Bruce Babbitt with Carmen Cajero

Williams left it to the Pima County Board of Supervisors to select his successor; Carmen Cajero, his widow, was selected to finish his term. Assuming office, Carmen matched Nayo’s zeal and soon established her own solid reputation as a skillful and smart legislator. Her calm but firm manner won her numerous friends and the respect of colleagues, many of whom fondly called her La Paloma. She was a champion for the elderly, the poor, women and children. She was particularly proud of introducing an education bill that had been first favored by her husband. The bill called for free textbooks for Arizona’s high school students. She fought for this bill for more than a decade; it was finally passed and signed into law in 1985. In the 1990s, she introduced a bill that provided state funds to the University of Arizona for bone marrow and cancer research. With her support, the university’s Cancer Research Center was established. She also supported funding for a clinic in her district to help victims of water contamination and pollution. The National Honor Roll of State Legislators acknowledged Carmen for her leadership and efforts to promote and protect the rights of women.

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Academy. She has made a name for herself as an education advocate and indefatigable supporter of women’s reproductive rights; her work has been recognized by numerous organizations, including the Victoria Foundation and the Arizona Medical Association.

Olivia Cajero Bedford

After 24 years of service, Rep. Cajero retired at the age of 81; she passed away April 1, 2007, at the age of 92. Bernardo and Carmen’s legacy lives on in their daughter Olivia Cajero Bedford. She graduated from Tucson High School in 1956 and continued her education at Pima Community College and the University of Arizona. She worked as a hairstylist for 28 years and owned two O’Hair International salons. In addition, she also served as director of sales and marketing for the tourism/hotel industry. Years of business experience as an administrator and business owner have made her a strong advocate for small businesses and economic development. Following in her parents’ footsteps, she became president of the Democrats of Greater Tucson and served as vice chair of the Pima County Democratic Party. In 2002, she ran for a seat in the House of Representatives in District 27 and won. In 2003, she introduced legislation to double the vocational education requirements for public high school students, given that “75 percent of children graduating from high school won’t go to college.” She served in the Arizona State House of Representatives for seven years, until 2010, when term limits came into play. She ran unopposed for a senate seat in District 27 and took office on January 10, 2011. Cajero Bedford is a graduate of the Council of State Governments’ Legislative

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Before Arizona’s statehood, pioneer Manuela Sánchez Sotelo and her daughter María Sotelo Miller became important players in the development of the area we now know as Tempe. In the late 1800s, the unforgiving terrain challenged farming skills, required homesteading talents and presented dangers from American Indian conflicts. Both women helped ease the settlers’ plight with a helping hand, astute business advice and advocacy for education and other fundamentals of civilization. Manuela Sánchez was born in 1820 in the town of Tubac, 45 miles south of Tucson. She was well-schooled in the art of survival due to droughts and the volatile political climate of the area along the Santa Cruz River. By 1846, she had married Tiburcio Sotelo, whose father, Ignacio, served as the Spanish Commander of the Tubac presidio around 1814. Manuela and Tiburcio settled in

Photo courtesy of ASU chicano(a) research collection (call no. mp spc-348)

Photo by charles sanderson

Manuela Sánchez Sotelo María Sotelo Miller

Manuela Sánchez Sotelo

southern Arizona and had three sons and eight daughters. In 1870, Tiburcio and his eldest sons José and Feliciano traveled to Tempe to work on the Mexican Ditch, also known as the San Francisco Canal, and on the construction of the first irrigation ditch on the south side of the Salt River. Tiburcio bought a small share in the Tempe Irrigation Canal Co. and purchased 160 acres on the southeast corner of what are now Rural Road and University Drive. Tiburcio died of an illness in 1871. That same year his son, José, 23, drowned in the Salt River and Feliciano, 21, was killed by Apache Indians while carrying mail for the Southern Overland Express. With her husband and two eldest sons dead, Manuela had little choice but to challenge established gender roles. She assumed responsibility for the family’s land and investments and moved to Tempe with the rest of her kids, a 5-yearold son and eight daughters, ranging in ages from 5 to 20. Manuela planted wheat as a cash crop and sold or traded her produce with other farmers in the area, forging lifelong relationships. She filed a homestead claim on her property and over time, acquired additional acreage in Mesa, Gilbert and Queen Creek. She became one of the few women in the Valley to hold water rights to her property. A savvy frontier woman, Manuela was known as an entrepreneurial rancher, farmer and homemaker; she shared her knowledge on how to grow and use medicinal herbs, how to administer first aid, how to cure meat and how to can and dry fruit. María, the oldest of the Sotelo daughters, married Winchester Miller in 1873. Miller, a zanjero (water master) and superintendent for the Tempe Irrigation Canal Company, would later become the sheriff of Maricopa County. The couple’s first child, Anna Manuela Sotelo Miller, was born in October 1873. Generally believed to be the first Anglo-Mexican child born in Tempe,

María Sotelo Miller

she exemplifies the results of the mixedculture marriages that brought prosperity and progress to Tempe, and gave the community its rich heritage of cultural diversity. In 1885, Gov. F.A. Tritle signed a bill to establish the Territorial Normal School in Tempe; Manuela and the Millers where among other education advocates who contributed to raise funds and procure land for the effort. María and Winchester raised 10 children; six of them attended the Arizona Territorial Normal School from 1896 to 1906. Daughters Anna Manuela Sotelo Miller and Clara María Sotelo Miller graduated with two-year teaching diplomas, becoming the first MexicanAmerican ASU alumni. Throughout their lives, Manuela and María were recognized for their vital contributions to the economic, cultural and educational foundations of Tempe. In 1902, Manuela passed away from pneumonia at the age of 82. María’s love of learning and respect for education continued to help her forge new friendships in a bilingual, bicultural world. In 1937, she passed away from heart disease at the age of 84 in her home in Tempe.

Mary Rose Wilcox takes great pride in her mining-town roots of Superior, Arizona. Her family has been a source of inspiration: her grandfather Juan Garrido was a miner with the Magma Copper Co. He died at the young age of 47 from silicosis, the lung disease common among those working underground. Her father John worked to form a labor union to negotiate for fair wages for mine workers and end the pervasive discrimination so common in his community. Mary Rose also looked to her mother Betty for encouragement. She volunteered with numerous organizations and the Catholic Church to help those in need; she also served on the Superior Historical Society and as a Girl Scout troop leader. Her dedication to the community became a path her daughter would follow. Mary Rose left Superior to pursue a degree in social work from Arizona State University. At the time, she wanted to “save the world.” Little did she know then she would make history by becoming the first Hispanic woman to

Photo courtesy of Mary Rose Wilcox

Photo courtesy of ASU chicano(a) research collection (call no. mp spc-350)

Mary Rose Wilcox

serve on the Phoenix City Council (1983 - 1993) and on the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors (1993 - present), blazing the trail for other women and community-minded leaders. Like many of her peers at the time, she was inspired by Cesar Chavez and the civil rights movement. Soon after arriving at ASU, she married Earl Wilcox who, like her, wanted to contribute to the greater good. Earl would eventually become a state legislator and justice of the peace. Mary Rose’s career began in the 1970s, developing job training programs for the poor for an initiative administered by the Department of Labor. Her work caught the attention of then Sen. Dennis DeConcini, and she joined his staff as a caseworker. She later became his special assistant and liaison with the U.S. Small Business Administration and the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Throughout the years, Mary Rose has faced numerous adversaries who sought to topple her from her position. She has proven to be a fearless opponent and a savvy, well-heeled political adversary. She serves on numerous boards and commissions and has achieved national recognition for her path-breaking work with organizations such as the Hispanic Women’s Corporation, the National Council of La Raza, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials, among many others. Mary Rose Wilcox is a civil rights advocate, a community leader, an entrepreneur, yet she likes reminding people that two of her most fulfilling roles are that of mother to Yvonne, and wife to Earl, her life and business partner.

Mary Rose Wilcox during with husband Earl Wilcox signing a Chase Field I-beam during construction.

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he ino order nitiative A compassionate approach to the immigration issue

n January 2009, a new humanitarian program was established in Nogales, Arizona, created to assist undocumented immigrants being deported back to Mexico. I was finally able to visit Nogales in 2010 to see for myself how the program was progressing. I was impressed with what I saw and decided to help in whatever way that I could. It was not hard to see that the problem was much larger than the available resources. A handful of members and volunteers from several religious communities were trying to stem the tide of an onslaught of deported migrants. It was like fighting a forest fire with a garden hose. The humanitarian program is a continuing heroic effort, whose story needs to be shared with everyone who would listen. A Sunday mass at Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Nogales, Arizona, was used to commemorate the beginning of the Kino Border Initiative, or the KBI. The program was inaugurated by six religious organizations: the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hermosillo, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, the Missionary Sisters of the Eucharist, the California Province of the Society of Jesus, the Mexican Province of the Society of Jesus and Jesuit Refugee Service/USA. The KBI was created to respond to an escalating crisis that surrounds the continuing deportation of mostly Mexican citizens back to their country of origin at 24

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By Frank Barrios

Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. Men, women and children arrive by bus at the border crossing, and from there, walk back into Mexico. They generally have little or no money, and many arrive with only the clothes on their backs. Many of these people are exploited and fall prey to the drug cartels, or are abused and taken advantage of by unscrupulous individuals. At certain times of the year, many buses arrive daily and deport hundreds of people each day. Most of these individuals are decent, hardworking people, fleeing poverty, desperate for an opportunity. The crisis at the U.S./Mexico border represents the symptoms of a larger issue: the failure of Mexico to solve its burgeoning poverty, and the failure of the United States to stem the wave of undocumented immigrants crossing the U.S. border. After many years of evaluating this phenomenon, two organizations, the California Province of the Society of Jesus and Jesuit Refugee Service/USA, decided to intervene and deal with both the symptoms and the disease. They provide food, clothes and shelter to address the symptoms, and help find a way for these people to provide for their own needs and live a decent life to address the disease of poverty. Above and beyond the problem at hand, more jobs are needed in Mexico and opportunities for immigrant labor in the U.S. need to be improved. The issue of large numbers of undocumented people

living in the U.S. needs also to be resolved through congressional action. Consequently, in response to their conclusions, the California Province of the Society of Jesus and Jesuit Refugee Service/USA joined with several partner organizations and created the KBI, which was designed to respond to migration issues based on the following four criteria: by attending to the fundamental needs and human rights of deported migrants; by providing formation opportunities about the reality of migration through educational activities for pastoral agents and interested groups; by creating a space for research about migration, which includes the documentation of the experiences of people who are deported, and by advocating for just and humane immigration reform, in Mexico and the United States, through other networks and organizations. These criteria represent the four legs of a platform for justice. No doubt that each item could be implemented separately, but giving each criterion equal priority allows programs to move from solving the immediate problem to working for a comprehensive solution. The executive director of the KBI is a young Jesuit priest, Fr. Sean Carroll, who just made his final vows as a Jesuit about a year ago at San Felipe de Jesus Catholic Church in Nogales, Arizona. He is a very dedicated young man who works constantly to assure the continuation of

1711. He worked closely with within a few hundred yards of the border. the indigenous people of the It is one of the first things that returning area and constantly fought to deportees see as they return to Mexico. end poverty and injustice that The second program is the Nazareth was so prevalent at that time. House for Deported Women and He placed himself between the Children, a short-term shelter available to indigenous suffering and the unaccompanied women who are particularly Spanish government in power, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. and in so doing, helped them The Missionary Sisters of the Eucharist to prosper and survive in a very administer the CAMDEP and the women’s harsh political environment. No shelter. The women’s shelter is also located a doubt, that using Father Kino’s short distance from the border. name is appropriate for the Both of these programs require modern-day Jesuit missionaries substantial resources. The KBI faces 1. Volunteer high school student serving a meal at KBI’s CAMDEP of Northern Mexico and a continuing struggle to provide these Southern Arizona. needed services, which include regular the KBI. Fr. Pete Neeley, an older Jesuit To better understand what KBI supplies of food, clothing and volunteer priest and experienced activist who has would like to accomplish, let us examine assistance. Most of all, they need financial worked on humanitarian issues all over the four established criteria, explore assistance. At a time when the world is the world, assists him. The remaining what is being done and where more struggling economically, it is difficult for staff of the KBI includes the following effort is needed. The first criterion is the KBI to find help. Larger faith-based individuals: Sister Maria Engracia Robles, basic and provides for human Sister Rosalba Ávalos, and Sister Lorena needs, accomplished through Leyva, who all work primarily in the area humanitarian assistance: feed of humanitarian assistance; Fr. Martin the hungry, clothe the naked McIntosh, who works in socio-pastoral and shelter the homeless. outreach, and Luisa Ledford, who is Possible immigration solutions director of development and outreach. are more controversial, and It is interesting to note that this vary from strictly enforcement humanitarian effort was named after Fr. to comprehensive immigration Eusebio Francisco Kino, also a Jesuit reform. The other three criteria priest, who dedicated his life to bringing are to be used to foster dialog Christianity to Northern Sonora and based on facts and to involve Southern Arizona. He was known as the as many people as possible to “padre on horseback,” a man who rode work toward optimum solutions. across much of the area that today is Human beings are complex and 2. Fr. Sean Carroll and Sister Maria Engracia Robles the center of the immigration crisis. He not just statistics; if we are to entered the Southwest in 1687 and worked find solutions to the immigration problem, organizations such as St. Vincent de Paul with the local people until his death in we need to interact with the and the Salvation Army are renowned and immigrant and to explore the have been providing services for years – need for social change. and they have their reputable contributors. KBI has been in existence for just over two years and does not have the advantage Fundamental needs and human rights of a recognizable, reputable name. But The KBI offers two major forms the humanitarian crisis that they are of direct assistance to returning addressing is real and cannot be ignored. immigrants. One is the Aid Center for Deported Migrants The reality of migration (CAMDEP), where migrants The KBI has their headquarters in can receive warm meals and Nogales, Arizona, uses facilities in clothing. The CAMDEP is Nogales, Sonora, and provides for a strong located in Nogales, Sonora, immigration reform outreach ministry. just across the border at the The KBI documents the immigrant story 3. Volunteers help serve food to deported migrants at CAMDEP Mariposa Crossing, and is and educates people on the realities www.latinopm.com

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Deported Migrants. The high school students at Lourdes Catholic School in Nogales, Arizona, also do everything possible to assist. No doubt that these children will someday be adults who will be the strongest supporters of the KBI. Let us hope that, by that time, we have some form of comprehensive immigration reform in place.

Space for research and documentation

4. Sister Maria helps serve at CAMDEP

of the issue. Fr. Carroll and Fr. Neeley make most of the outreach presentations and use PowerPoint technology with an abundant use of photographs. To show the tragedy is often better than to simply tell about it, and they are eager to do just that. However, they are a new and relatively unknown organization. At present, most of the requests for a presentation are coming by word of mouth. It is a slow process, however, they expect the number of requests to increase this year. Many Catholic and other church groups are making regular visits to the KBI and are bringing food, clothes and volunteers to help. Several schools are sending students to volunteer with the KBI and to learn firsthand what is occurring on the border. Brophy College Preparatory in Phoenix has sent students to volunteer, and parishioners of St. Francis Xavier and St. Paul’s Catholic Church have prepared and served meals at the Aid Center for

6. Children rest at the KBI women’s shelter

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡ March 2011!

www.latinopm.com

No doubt, those who emigrated to the U.S. and followed the legal process to become citizens might resent those who cross the border without permission. Today, the numbers of immigrants given citizenship from areas south of the border is relatively small compared to those illegally crossing the border. Perhaps we need to look at the existing immigration policy of the United States and see if we can create a better one more conducive to allowing unskilled labor into the country — a needed commodity and, in turn, an incentive for immigrants. It should be noted that the immigration crisis seen at our borders is not unique to Arizona; it is an international phenomenon happening all over the world. The movement of destitute people to a highly developed

The KBI staff is small and not equipped to get involved in detailed research, but what KBI provides is a place where this research can be accomplished, where the immigrant experience can be documented and the raw data provided to others who would be involved in detailed research. Universities can come to KBI to acquire immigrant documentation or they can come to interview immigrants in an area where they feel safe and not threatened with deportation. The KBI staff documents many of the horrific stories that individuals tell about their migration experiences. A vast majority of immigrants are good people who are forced to move across the U.S./Mexico border because of poverty. 5. Fr. Donald Bahlinger provides spiritual support No one wants to leave their home country unless they are forced to industrial country occurs every day. move or because of dire circumstances. The issue is not that it occurs; it’s Why would anyone willingly how developed countries deal with leave their family, a familiar the immigrants. Do they deal with the environment, their culture and immigrants in a humanitarian and go to an area where they are charitable way, or do they use force to strangers to the culture and to stop immigration? the language, to be identified as unwanted trespassers? Advocating for just and These new immigrants are humane immigration reform doing exactly what European It is believed that, eventually, the and Asian immigrants did in United States government will develop the past, only they crossed an comprehensive immigration reform, ocean – the new immigrants and some kind of solution will be are crossing a desert. But the forthcoming. The KBI firmly believes reason why they emigrated is that the truth about today’s immigration identical: to flee poverty and issues and the knowledge of the suffering look for a better life. that continues to occur will force the

See for yourself: visit KBI

Photo credits: 1 & 3 - courtesy of Kbi; 2, 6 & 7 - courtesy of christian fuchs; 4 & 5 - courtesy of robert dolan, s.j.

Concerned citizens from both sides of the border are welcome to visit the Kino Border Initiative and see the situation in Nogales. Call first and let them know that you are coming and bring a friend – or several friends. And if you do plan a trip to the border, please bring food and used clothing to help the deported immigrants living in Nogales, Sonora; monetary donations are also greatly appreciated. KBI will welcome you and give you a tour of their facilities in Mexico and explain to you their policies. Rather than buying into angry ideology, see for yourself what is happening at the border and make up your own mind. Join with the KBI and be part of the solution. When enough people demand a solution to the immigration crisis, Congress will pass comprehensive immigration reform.

government to find solutions to this ongoing dilemma. During our present economic downturn, many U.S. citizens are without work, and many would argue that immigrants are taking jobs that could alleviate the unemployment situation. Many employers argue that they are paying the maximum that they can afford and that U.S. citizens will not take those jobs for what is paid. Would they take these jobs if more money were paid? Undoubtedly, this argument will continue, but unskilled Mexican labor has been crossing the border and finding work in the U.S. since the 1846 war with Mexico, and will continue to cross as long as there is demand for their labor. In the U.S., we watch local television and see images of undocumented immigrants being arrested. Instead of feeling sympathy, we often become angry and want an enforcement solution. What we don’t see is undocumented immigrants dying in the desert, living in squalid conditions and the breaking up of families. Many advocate for an “enforcement only” solution, scorn comprehensive immigration reform and angrily call such solutions “amnesty.” However, in all fairness, we also need to acknowledge that education and healthcare costs for undocumented immigrants is expensive, and comprehensive immigration reform may not address this problem. I personally

believe that the financial benefits from comprehensive immigration reform will be greater than education and healthcare costs. Many disagree. All these factors have become part of the controversy that surrounds the undocumented immigration issue. I believe there will always be a need for border enforcement, but I also believe that any solution that does not include comprehensive immigration reform will not solve the problem. When people cross the Arizona desert and are willing to die in order to better their life, no amount of enforcement will stop them. What we need is a solution that has an enforcement component, but one that includes legal work opportunities for immigrant labor. We also need a program that allows undocumented immigrants living in the U.S., who

7. A moment of respite at the KBI women’s shelter

If you belong to a group that wishes to hear a presentation or would like to visit the KBI in Nogales, contact: Fr. Sean Carroll, S.J., Executive Director Kino Border Initiative P.O. Box 159 Nogales, Arizona 85628-0159 Office: 520-287-2370 Fax: 520-287-2375 E-mail: info@kinoborderinitiative.org www.kinoborderinitiative.org

wish to become citizens, a pathway to U.S. citizenship that would include a criminal background check and other legal requirements. Comprehensive immigration reform must contain a process that meets our demand for unskilled labor and, at the same time, insures that an undocumented work force will not be tolerated. Once these reforms have been implemented, there will be less reason for immigrants to cross the border without permission. Then the U.S. can concentrate its enforcement efforts on stopping illegal drug smuggling across our borders. Maybe then we can see more success in our fight against drugs.

Frank Barrios is a native of Phoenix and a graduate engineer from Arizona State University. From 1966 to 1975, he worked for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in Phoenix. He started working for the Arizona Water Commission in 1975, which later became the Department of Water Resources, and retired from there in 1997. Barrios served on the Central Arizona Project Board of Directors from 2003 to 2006. He currently serves on several boards and is the author of the book Mexicans of Phoenix. www.latinopm.com

¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

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2/8/11 11:49:25 AM

33 Entrepreneur Anna Marie G barters, sells and repairs on Grand

35 Briefcase

Women are taking the entrepreneurial leap

39 Career

Women welders, female pharmacists and other atypical career choices

Movin’ Up Pearl joins mayor’s office Janey Pearl is the new senior

assistant to Phoenix mayor Phil Gordon. In her new role,

she will work on youth and education issues; will assist with English and Spanish media relations, and will serve as liaison to the Latino and LGBT communities. Prior to this, Pearl served on Attorney General Terry Goddard’s gubernatorial campaign as director of communications, staying on staff through the end of his term. Before that, she was PIO and Latino outreach coordinator for the Arizona Department of Health Services.

Janey Pearl is the new senior assistant to Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon

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¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡!

movin’ up

Lopez: Maricopa Colleges Foundation “Hero” Ronnie Lopez will receive the

Maricopa Community Colleges Heroes of Education Award at the sixth annual recognition dinner set for April 13, 2011, at the Arizona Biltmore Resort. The award honors individuals committed to support Maricopa Community College students and educational opportunities. Lopez is chairman of Phoenix International Consultants, a business development consulting and strategy firm specializing in contract negotiation, and political and marketing strategies.

Castillo is new senior VP and CFO at UA The University of Arizona hosted a community reception last month to welcome Milton Castillo as the university’s new senior vice president for business affairs and chief financial officer. Castillo worked as CFO and assistant general manager at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta

Milton Castillo

CPL 2011 political leaders

International Airport prior to joining the UA. He’s a graduate of Emory University.

The Center for Progressive Leadership, a national civic training institute that develops leaders to advance progressive political and policy change, has announced the participants of the 2011 Arizona Political Leaders Fellowship. Lilia Alvarez,

CWM hires Aguiar Cambridge Wealth Management, Inc. (CWM) announced the hiring of Giselle Aguiar as marketing manager/client services coordinator. Most recently, the Puerto Rico native worked as audience development manager for a trade publisher.

ASU students land new jobs Six undergraduate ASU students who will graduate in May of this year, and who participated in the Sponsors for Educational Opportunity (SEO) internship program, have accepted fulltime employment offers. Lawrence Dobrosky will join Sempra Energy as a financial analyst; Dana Emery has accepted employment with USB as an analyst. Ivette Fernandez will be part of the XEROX marketing and communications team; Robert Futyma has accepted an offer from Citi to be a commodities sales and trading analyst; Jacob Igono will join Pricewaterhouse Coopers as associate consultant, and Susan Sanchez will serve as marketing consultant for AXA Equitable Life Insurance. SEO is a national summer internship program for talented, underrepresented students. Participants are trained to excel in the workplace and become leaders in their communities.

Marcelino Canuaz Perez, Roberto Diaz, Argelia “Argie” Gomez, Gema Ledesma, Veronica Martinez, W. Aaron Gloria Munoz

Munoz named HAMC director Veteran housing administrator Gloria Munoz was recently named director of the Housing Authority of Maricopa County (HAMC). Munoz will report directly to County Manager David Smith. Munoz has served on the HAMC Board of Commissioners and has more than 30 years of experience in affordable housing, including finance, acquisition, management and development. She has been state director of housing, director of real estate development for the National Farm Workers Service and has worked with the Resolution Trust Corporation.

Esparza honored for community service The city of Chandler presented Alberto Esparza with a Dedication Award during the city’s 16th Annual Multicultural Festival held in February of this year. Esparza coordinates multiple programs serving at-risk youth through the nonprofit Sí Se Puede and coordinates several festivals and community events.

Movin’ Up Know someone who has been promoted, elected or honored? Send us the news of their achievements! E-mail movinup@latinopm.com 30

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Montano Searles and Lorenzo Sierra

are among 44 individuals selected to participate in the program. The group includes nonprofit and campaign managers, future candidates, educators and individuals working on issues such as public education, healthcare reform, the environment, GLBTQ equality and immigration reform.

Pope Duarte to receive DAR award The Grand Canyon Chapter of the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) will present awardwinning author Stella Pope Duarte with its Women in American History Award at a ceremony on March 5. Pope Duarte is a regular contributor to LPM. DAR is a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit women’s service organization founded in 1890 to foster patriotism, promote historic preservation and improve educational opportunities for children. Its 160,000-plus membership is comprised of adult women who can prove lineal descent from a patriot of the American Revolution.

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entrepreneur ¡! ¡!

G stands for goodwill

Anna Marie G, founder and owner, ShopDevious.com Beauty Lounge & Boutique

ShopDevious. com is an upscale resale boutique, beauty supply shop, custom anime wig design den and small business center offering $40 flat-rate computer repair, and trades and barters for clothes, accessories and shoes for women and men.

Company you admire: Goodwill,

Founded: 2007

Tenacity, follow-through and out-of-the-box thinking.

Highlights: Founded Devious Wigs & Things LLC in 1998; received the 2004 AriZoni Award for Theater Excellence in Hair; created the Bag Lady Program; small business marketing coach. Education: California State University, Fullerton; Phoenix College

What makes your business unique? We help people save money in business, offer trade and barter, as well as affordable computer repair and website creation. We want to nurture Arizona small businesses while helping our local economy.

What prompted you to start your own business? I have always been an entrepreneur at heart, but one day when I was treated unfairly by a wig shop owner (I was shopping for a wig after donating my hair to Locks of Love), I decided to open up a boutique with the mission to treat people fairly, no matter their story or appearance, and to help them dress and feel better about themselves.

because they are putting people to work!

Three qualities of a successful entrepreneur:

Book of inspiration: The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey.

TO MOST COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES,

ALL BUSINESSES LOOK THE SAME. Historical figure

Photo by charles sanderson

Elevator pitch:

you would like to meet: Edgar J.

Helms, the founder and creator of Goodwill.

Best advice you have received: Follow your heart and everything else will follow.

Favorite aspect of owning a business: Networking and helping my fellow small business owner.

Important milestone: The shop is about to hit its 13th anniversary!

Future plan: To open another boutique near the ASU campus in downtown Phoenix.

Biggest business WE’D LIKE TO TALKchallenge: ABOUT

WHAT MAKES YOU DIFFERENT. ShopDevious.com Getting the word out!

1229 NW Grand Avenue Phoenix, Arizona 85007 If I could do it all over 602-330-5794 You’re not just any company, we know that. So before we can develop a plan to propel you again …weI would In one word, your life as an into better tomorrow, want tohave learn kept how you do business. shop@shopdevious.com Then, building the right communications plan is the easy part. Whether you’re a “familia run” www.shopdevious.com entrepreneur: Jubilation! organization of my business card collection. business or a Fortune 500 powerhouse, Cox Business can customize a unique solution just for your business. Phoenix: 623-594-7291 Tucson: 520-344-7901

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Send your information to editor@latinopm.com.

LPM’s Entrepreneur profile is sponsored by

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Taking the plunge

Despite the stats and poor economy, women are rising to the entrepreneurial challenge By Jonathan J. Higuera

escuchen, mujeres: HOw often do you consider

starting your own business? Do you know in yourself that you can do it better, serve it better, sell it better? Do you have a business idea nagging inside? It’s a scary prospect, but ... What’s stopping you? In 1986, Yolanda Collazos Kizer took the plunge.The entrepreneurial plunge, that is. She started her own business and founded Casa Fenix Enterprises – retail stores, kiosks and newsstands at Sky Harbor International Airport and San Diego International Airport. The slowdown in consumer spending and air travelers has hurt revenue, but she says the shops are recovering, albeit slowly. Collazos Kizer’s businesses have ebbed and flowed with the wavering economy over the last 15 years. Her survival in the latest recession has been to view it as a learning opportunity. “It’s forced us to be more creative and innovative and come up with more strategies,” she says. Casa Fenix employs about 50 workers. Collazos Kizer and her staff have had to be more attentive to specific customer wants, recommitting to friendly customer service and tailoring advertising to specific audiences.

Rising to the statistical challenge While the number of women-owned firms is on the rise, they lag in survival rates, receipts and employees when compared with male-owned firms. According to the U.S. Census, there were some 7.8 million womenowned businesses in 2007. Those businesses generated $1.2 trillion in receipts or about 3.9 percent of business receipts nationwide. The census reports that, on average, women owned about 20 percent of firms in a given state and more than 30 percent in several states. But they also faced lower survival rates, and more than 88 percent of those firms had no paid employees. This is significant, because firms with employees generated about 85 percent of all the receipts among women-owned firms. Whether they started their business out of necessity or by choice, successful Latina business owners have

had to display both discipline and verve in their quest for economic success. In the face of the latest economic challenges, many have taken a more streamlined, scaleddown approach; others have continued the growth of their business, like Collazos Kizer. Some gained valuable help training and leveraging resources and reenergized their business through networking. For many, the challenges of operating in an austere environment for consumer and corporate spending have led to some new ways of doing business. Sizeable staffs, office space and big marketing budgets are out;

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¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

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briefcase

collaborating with independent partners, virtual offices and less-expensive social media marketing are in. Despite tough economic times, Collazos Kizer says women ought to consider becoming business owners if they have a passion for it and their product or service. “You still have to learn to compete and be creative,” says Collazos Kizer, although she says opportunities may be better than when she started her businesses.

Women can use it to help them market and sell their products in a way that wasn’t possible even 10 years ago. “If they are able to find the products and services they can sell, they can use the strength of the Internet and social media to run effective businesses.” “Women desire and want to own their own business, because it gives them a lot of flexibility ...” says Aros. “Having said that, they need a lot of information to lay a solid foundation for their business.”

It’s time for political leaders to ... advance the interests of women and small business. —Kelly Scanlon, board chair, NAWBO

Take the plunge, make a plan To be comfortable with some degree of risk is something Olga Aros stresses in her work with women who aspire to become entrepreneurs. Aros is president and CEO of her own company, ORA Worldwide Consultants, which specializes in management training for employers with entry-level managers. The firm also provides strategic planning for small businesses, nonprofits and community groups. “Traditionally, [women] have focused on safety and security for their families,” says Aros, who has had a diverse professional career in corporate America. “But getting comfortable with calculated risks is something they need to get used to in business.” Aros also heads up the Hispanic Business Women’s Alliance, an affinity group with the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce. It brings women business owners together to discuss the best approaches for success. In April, the alliance will feature a seminar on media strategies that work. Aros believes a great opportunity exists specifically in social media. 36

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Any professional training women receive should stress a greater understanding of the business world, where to find capital, and finding a place for their products in the marketplace. That training must include developing a written business plan. “A solid business plan will help you understand your market, product or service, how much startup capital you need [and where to find it],” Aros says. “Business planning is the key to it all.”

Find your niche, take control One of the hurdles Lisa Urias overcame when she became an entrepreneur was learning the business side. “There are so many things to look at that are not your expertise. That was a huge learning curve,” she recalls. “You have to look at things such as margins, projections for growth, human resources, health care.” Lisa Urias and a partner started a public relations/media relations firm in 2003 as a multicultural agency. Urias took over exclusive ownership in 2006, renamed the company Urias Communications, and now employs seven people. She has been able to keep

briefcase

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NAWBO challenges U.S. Congress In November, Kelly Scanlon, board chair of the National Association of Women Business Owners (NAWBO), testified before Congress and urged them to open up more federal contracting opportunities to women-owned firms. NAWBO represents more than 10 million female business owners across the nation. It is the biggest organization for women entrepreneurs, with 70 chapters across the country. In her remarks, she identified three issues that could help propel female entrepreneurship: • Access to capital • A focus on capacity building and education • Greater access to opportunities On the final point, Scanlon was specifically referring to federal contracting opportunities. She said 3.4 percent of federal dollars spent to support women-owned firms has been the highest percent reached, despite a bill signed into law 10 years ago that said women should receive 5 percent of that spending. “The political contests have concluded, and now it’s time for political leaders to do more and to do better to advance the interests of women and small business,” Scanlon remarked, citing her support for a new proposed bill that would remove some of the barriers women-owned firms face in achieving parity in federal contracting. Source: www.nawbo.org

the firm growing, despite the challenging economic environment. “Some people do quite well in large corporate structures,” she says. “They are adept at maneuvering through the complexities of those structures. I, on the other hand, found it a little more frustrating. There are many layers of decision making. I’m the kind that just wanted to [run with it] … I feel a lot more control over the strategies I execute for my clients.” Letty Alvarez has been an entrepreneur for over a decade. The strategy she used to keep her business open during the past recession has been to diversify. As president of ASI Marketing, a Phoenix-based firm she established in 1999, she’s had to cut back on employees, office space and other overhead. Currently, she has only one administrative assistant. Alvarez has also increased her partnerships with other independent contractors and has enhanced business with existing clients rather than take on new clients. “We provide more services than we offered in the past.” Her plunge into small business ownership derived from a family legacy.

“My dad was his own boss,” Alvarez says. “I have had that entrepreneurial spirit since I was a little girl.” Alvarez went into businesses to spend more time with her children, now young adults. She thought being her own boss would allow her this personal freedom, a misconception about entrepreneurship she soon discovered. “People think you work for yourself,” says Alvarez, “but truthfully, all of your clients are your bosses. You have to cater to your clients. You always have to have your working hat on.” Despite the economy, she urges other women to become entrepreneurs. “It’s always a good time. You just have to find your niche. You also need to find a passion for the service or product you’re providing.” In her case, it’s promoting and marketing her clients. “You have to love being a business owner, because it is not easy,” Alvarez adds. “You don’t have a steady paycheck. It’s not an 8-to-5 job. You don’t have a set vacation. So, you don’t have that stability. But you’re able to make your own choices and organize and plan very well for yourself.” www.latinopm.com

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Breaking ground Women pursue nontraditional work more than ever By Erica Cardenas

In 1881, Louise Blanchard Bethune became the

first female professional architect. In 1903, Mignon Nicholson became the first woman veterinarian. Fastforward to 1997 when New York’s legendary Plaza Hotel hired its first female “doorman” (doorperson?), and the NBA announced the hiring of their first female referees. Women have been enjoying success in nontraditional occupations for years, thanks to inspiring and rousing milestones such as Rosie the Riveter, the World War II symbol that helped encourage more than 6.5 million women to move beyond domesticity into industries such as aircraft and steel and military jobs. Today, women continue to break ground by pursuing and securing nontraditional careers. So, what exactly defines a nontraditional occupation for women? According to the U.S. Department of Labor, a nontraditional job would be one that women comprise 25 percent or less of total employment in that job. Nontraditional jobs span all major occupations, including detectives, architects, clergy, construction, railroad conductors, truck drivers, fire fighters and small engine mechanics – just to name a few. The Department of Labor notes that growth in the economy is projected to expand employment in many nontraditional jobs, since they typically pay 20-30 percent higher wages than the traditional “pink-collar” jobs women often pursue. Compare the typical annual salary of a female teacher at $43,000 to a female pharmacist at $75,000. As more women enter jobs that were once dominated by men, many occupations considered nontraditional for women in the ‘80s are no longer defined as such for women in this decade. More and more women are becoming physicians, surgeons, chemists, coaches and umpires.

Welder woman So, how does one break into a nontraditional career? Although many technical colleges offer training for nontraditional careers, according to several online

career-coaching sites, some women bypass tech schools and start with an apprenticeship that offers short-term training and affords women a good way to sample a job in a particular trade. And in some cases, women break into these fields in other unconventional ways, as was the case for 42-yearold Monica Moreno. As vice president of Moreno Welding, it’s safe to say that Moreno runs the show. Her father started the Phoenix-based business in 1979 in the backyard of the family home. Monica was intermittently involved in the business as she was growing up, but it was 14 years ago that she officially joined executive rank at the company, and it’s been all hands-on for her since. www.latinopm.com

¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

technology, engineering and math, or STEM, are waiting to be started. Research shows that although women currently make up more than 50 percent of the American workforce, they hold only 14 percent of all engineering positions and 25 percent of mathematics positions. Educational requirements for STEM occupations range from a high school diploma and on-the-job training, to a doctorate degree. But all require the ability of logical thinking. Think of scientists, and you may picture a chemist in a white lab coat

“My father never really wanted us to learn how to weld, but as a woman in this industry, I knew I had to learn,” says Monica. “I started learning how to weld nine years ago. I got tired of going into job-site meetings and not being completely knowledgeable about the trade.” Moreno Welding currently employs a staff of 15, and specializes in fabricated and structural steel manufacturing. Projects have included work on the Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport terminal 4 bridge, the ASU stadium and the

As women, we’ll be tested time and time again, but [we] can’t lose focus. —Maria Moreno, Moreno Welding Amazon Warehouse in Phoenix, just to name a few. As the only woman in the company, Moreno says she continues to look at ways to open the doors for other women in the industry. “I, along with a handful of other women construction business owners, have created a network called The Sister Group,” Monica says. “We meet once a month and use it as a resource to help support and guide one another. Women in this group own and run local businesses that range from heavy-duty paving and masonry, to engineering and electrical contracting.” Moreno notes that in her industry, women are definitely the minority, but that it’s interesting to experience the dynamics of working in a maledominated world.

Calling female math whizzes For women with a knack for numbers or who are tech-savvy, careers in science, 40

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performing experiments. But science goes beyond the lab. Scientists often work in regular offices, and some work outdoors, as a wildlife biologist would to observe animals in their habitats, or a geoscientist would to measure movements in the earth’s crust. For 40 years, the Association for Women in Science (AWIS) has been advocating for equity and career advancement for women in science and technology. They happen to have a central Arizona chapter. For $65 a year, a woman can become a regular member, and for a $25, she can become a student member of the organization, which connects her to other individuals with similar career goals and interests. A career in technology, which usually refers to information technology or computer-related occupations, would require technical skill. For example, some technology workers create new software, design computer systems and develop databases. Others focus on helping people

use computers and on keeping computer systems running well. As for a career in engineering, most specialize. Agricultural engineers, for example, design farming equipment, irrigation systems and food processing systems. Biomedical engineers develop medical devices and instruments. Civil engineers, the largest specialty, design bridges, dams and other public works projects. These are just a few occupations or areas of expertise in engineering. If the field of engineering strikes a chord, research the Society of Women Engineers at www. societyofwomenengineers.swe.org. The organization has a regional chapter in Arizona and offers networking opportunities, a job bank and scholarship information to members. Last but not least, the mathematics field encompasses many occupations that call for math, but some focus on mathematics almost exclusively. Actuaries, for example, analyze statistical information to determine the risk of uncertain future events, such as hurricanes or automobile collisions. They use these calculations to decide what kinds of insurance a company should offer and how much that insurance should cost. Mathematicians develop new mathematical theories and tools to solve problems. And then there’s statisticians who collect, analyze and interpret data.

Following a nontraditional dream Regardless of the nontraditional work being pursued, whether it’s in a STEM category or not, there are other considerations to think about aside from job duties, pay and education. Moreno sheds some light on the matter. “A nontraditional field can be a hard industry if you don’t have thick skin,” she says. “As women, we’ll be tested time and time again, but you can’t lose focus.” Moreno plans on going back to school to earn her bachelor’s degree in business, and then plans on furthering her education with a master’s degree. Funding that nontraditional dream is also possible. The Arizona Business and Professional Women’s Foundation offers a Nontraditional Education for Women (NEW) scholarship, which was established in 1996 to provide funding for women pursuing a career in an occupation where 25 percent or less of the jobs are held by women. Applicants must be enrolled at an Arizona school or institute to qualify. Moreno leaves us with some final thoughts. “Sometimes you have to prove your weight, but no matter what, just give it your all and go above and beyond the call of duty. At the end of the day, you only have one life. It’s all about your passion and loving what you do.”

Show her the money The U.S. Department of Labor Women’s Bureau defines nontraditional occupations as “those in which women comprise 25 percent or less of total employed.” The following nontraditional careers are a few top-paying options, listing 2009 median annual earnings:

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Pharmacist: $85,644 Chief executive: $83,356 Computer software engineer: $70,252 Computer scientist or system analyst: $56,264 Auto service technician: $70,000 EOE

Source: U.S. Department of Labor Statistics www.latinopm.com

¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

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Wise woman

Norma Navarro, police officer, Scottsdale Police Department

Years of service: Started as a detention officer for one year; have been a patrol officer for three years. Duties:

First responder for calls for service for the city of Scottsdale. Typical calls can be anything from an accident, a disabled vehicle or a violent crime scene.

What made you decide to pursue this career? I started working in the criminal justice system because I was considering going to law school to become an attorney. I found working in detention to be very exciting, and was later given the opportunity to promote to a patrol officer.

Inherent dangers you face: Each day is filled with unknown challenges. The very nature of police work puts you in many situations that, if not handled carefully, can become very dangerous.

My proudest moment is … graduating the Mark W. Clark Photography

Police Academy. I put a lot of hard work into studying and exercising, and in the end it paid off.

Personal triumph: When I first went into the Detention Academy I couldn’t do a single pushup. When I graduated the Police Academy a year and a half later, I could do 50 pushups in one minute.

Who is your hero? My older sister Nydia. She is raising three beautiful children on her own and is still finding the energy to go back to school.

What do you like most about police work? I like that every day is different. The most rewarding experiences, though, are when I’m given the opportunity to help somebody truly in need.

What’s the downside to police work? Sometimes it’s difficult to have to listen to criticisms from those outside of police work.

Balancing service and personal life … can be difficult. Some of my best friends are my coworkers, so that makes it easier.

Next professional goal:

To explore other areas of police work, but I haven’t decided what I’d like to focus on yet.

I release tension by ...

taking my dog out for

a long run.

If not police work, then … I’d probably be stuck in a cubicle somewhere putting the wrong cover letter on my TPS report. After working as a patrol officer for the last three years, I can’t imagine doing anything else. Wise words: Don’t drink and drive, and beware of stranger danger. www.latinopm.com

¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

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But can he bake a cherry pie? Home ec just ain’t what it used to be By Robrt L. Pela

The grammar school I attended in the 1970s

tried for a while to be “progressive.” Our history teacher asked us kids to call him Richard; our principal grew a set of sideburns and wore, to one very memorable student assembly, a string of love beads. And, sometime late in seventh grade, girls were made to take wood shop classes, and boys were trundled off to home economics, more commonly known as “home ec.” I nearly levitated with joy. Not because I longed to bake a peach buckle or sew a skirt made from old neckties, but because I, the son of a carpenter, was forever flunking wood shop. My pine spice rack was inevitably crooked, my mahogany bookends wobbly. I was glad to get as far away from vises and saws as I could. My boyhood peers were less pleased. They resented being told to scramble eggs, sew an apron, bake snickerdoodles. This was women’s work! Times have changed. Home ec, in the early 21st century, has been transformed. In most high schools, it’s known today as “Family and Consumer Sciences,” and it’s not just a class, it’s a whole program. The once and former Home Ec’s curriculum now includes nutrition and culinary arts, child development and psychology, interior design, and family and interpersonal relationships. Consumerism is often part of the mix as well, and lessons are designed to make kids consider careers in social work and to take on parenting skills – all subjects once considered “female.” Home ec today is definitely not your mother’s course in keeping house. “It’s become project-based learning,” says Judy Carpenter, a Family and Consumer Science instructor at the predominately Hispanic Apollo High School in Glendale. “We’ve changed home ec into something that offers more life lessons about the job market and less about just how to bake or sew.”

It’s a Valley-wide movement, Carpenter says, and there are numbers to back up her claim. Since 2004, most Phoenix-area high schools have expanded what used to be the home economics curriculum to address the needs of students who want to move into the fashion industry or become a chef. Since the turn of the new century, the number of students enrolling in classes about fashion, design and cooking has more www.latinopm.com

¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

Design

future your own

than doubled. The number of schools offering these expanded curriculums has increased, and so have the testing scores. In 2010, 60 percent of students taking fashion, design and culinary classes in Arizona met or exceeded their AIMS test reading and writing standards. It seems that learning to set the perfect table can actually make one smarter. But once upon a time, home economics was an hour-long course about keeping house. It began its scholarly life as the

picture thing,” Rios-Abair says, “just like it’s become today. But back then, the study of life skills and finding one’s place in the professional world was aimed exclusively at women.” In the early 19th century, forwardthinking academics were already mapping out a curriculum for females in primary and high schools that would lead to professional opportunities once they were grownup women. These enterprising girls could then, educators

Today, instead of how to bake a nice cake, we’re teaching kids to think about their lives beyond high school.

—Judy Carpenter Family and Consumer Science instructor, Apollo High School

www.phoenixcollege.edu 46

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡ March 2011!

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study of domestic science, and was aimed exclusively at female students, according to local author Corrine Rios-Abair, who wrote Roads to Better Living and other 1960s- and ‘70s-era home-ec textbooks. It all started in 1862 with the passing of the Morrill Act, which called for an increased number of American landgrant colleges that would offer education to women, who had previously been mostly excluded from the halls of higher learning. Where colleges had once been primarily about preparing men for the workplace, the newly created land-grant colleges welcomed women, who were then offered only “domestic science” courses aimed at teaching misses how to run a home and manage a family once they became Missus. Voila! Home economics. “Later, the plan was to make the study of home economics a bigger-

argued, go on to careers in hotel and restaurant management, the food industry, and textile design and creation. But conservative, women-belongin-the-home attitudes prevailed, and home ec remained focused on the science behind domestic skill. Today, that focus has shifted – in good part because of our more sophisticated technologies and deeper insights into science – to boning up on nutritional education and hygiene awareness. And in recent years, the emphasis has shifted to lessons in “domestic skills” that can lead to highprofile careers. “I always wanted to be a fashion designer,” says Phoenix-based eveningwear designer Alma Primero, whose much-lauded Collection AP clothing line is a favorite at fashion weeks all over the country. “I wouldn’t have known where to start, but in high

school, there was a program that let me learn about the fashion industry and exactly how to launch a career in it.” Today, girls (and boys!) can choose from several such business-oriented classes that rose from the ashes of the home ec of yore. Many local high schools offer classes in interior design, which are less about making the perfect throw pillow than they are about using math skills to draw rooms to scale and then market them to potential clients. Along the way, students learn and employ color theory, elements and principles of design, architecture and the history of furniture production. “The most popular courses,” according to Carpenter, “are the foodrelated classes, which offer insights into nutrition as well as basics of food preparation.” Some schools offer two-semester courses in advanced cooking techniques in which students learn culinary terminology, the use of specialized equipment, and participate in lessons about the form and etiquette of the professional chef. At other schools, advanced classes that bring together food and culture offer kids the chance to learn food prep while also studying other countries and ethnicities. “Culinary arts is a huge industry now,” Carpenter says. “We have a full-sized commercial kitchen here at Apollo, and there’s an emphasis on giving students a better perspective on what’s out there, career-wise, if they’re working with food. Boys enroll in the classes because they think it will be fun to eat free baked goods, but once they get here, they see the number of high-profile careers available to them, and it really turns their thinking around.” Carpenter says that the biggest change in home ec can be found in the psychology classes, all of them designed for kids interested in pursing a career in education, psychology and sociology. Family structures, developmental theories, sexuality, communication skills and interpersonal relationships are

explored in classes that prep students for life’s bigger picture and for a workplace dominated by human resources departments. And where young girls were once given a half-hour lesson on the proper way to bathe Baby, today they – and their male classmates – are offered entire courses in child psychology, where they can study the development of children from conception straight through to their own high school careers. As with the food-related courses, nutrition gets a lot of attention in these parenting classes. So does birth control. “My enrollment is very diverse,” says Carpenter of the child psychology classes she teaches at Apollo High, “but I do have a lot of young Hispanic women here. The numbers show that among that group, teen pregnancies tend to be higher. And my goal is to prolong teen pregnancy and to teach effective parenting to girls who could potentially be young when they have their first child.” Some schools in the Glendale high school district even offer secondyear, college-credit classes in child development that find students running a real-life preschool. “It’s a program that offers students the chance to learn the whole dynamics of early childhood in a setting where they’re responsible for the children’s well-being,” Carpenter says. “They create lesson plans and then teach them, and explore behavioral management techniques with children. But the greater lesson is being responsible for a young life.” These diverse courses in what used to be called home ec are all elements of the original cooking-and-sewing courses we all remember, Carpenter says. “We’ve just expanded them to fit a world that’s more diverse and career-oriented,” she explains. “Today, instead of how to bake a nice cake, we’re teaching kids to think about their lives beyond high school. We’re teaching self-awareness, which was always at the heart of home economics, anyway.”

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The power to choose Options for birth control are many – and lifestyle matters By Georgann Yara

During the span of her life, the average

American woman who wants children spends about five years pregnant, in postpartum or trying to get pregnant. And by the time she reaches her typical life expectancy, she would have spent approximately 30 years trying to avoid pregnancy. Roughly 66 million women in the United States are between the reproductive ages of 13 to 44, and more than half of them regularly use, or are in need of, some form of birth control, according to the Guttmacher Institute, a New York research firm specializing in sexual and reproductive health. Medical advances in recent years have given women more options designed to accommodate her life, lifestyle and even a propensity for forgetfulness. And while some methods are more popular with women of a certain age, what a woman feels most comfortable with remains the most important factor when choosing birth control.

To each her own

Six million Latinas in the United States use birth control, according to the Guttmacher Institute. Phoenix resident Danielle Marquez Greene, 29, is one of them. Greene has been taking birth control pills since she was 17. “So many girls I knew were on the pill. As I got older ... I just stuck with it,” says Greene, a marketing consultant. Her often hectic travel schedule made remembering to take the pill at the same time every day more difficult. Greene admits she had “a couple of scares” a few years ago. Greene was among the estimated 43 percent of women dissatisfied with their birth control, according to a 2008 Emory University study, and decided a year ago to switch to Depo-Provera, a method injected every three months. She says the shot relieved her of the burden of daily pill taking. Currently single, Greene has no immediate plans to start a family and wants to focus on her career.

“I like to date, and condoms are not foolproof. They help prevent disease, but they’re not always the best when it comes to preventing pregnancy. That way, I don’t have to think about it all the time,” Greene says. After the birth of her third child, Gloria Salazar, 38, decided to go with the IUD, a plastic device placed into the uterus that prevents sperm from reaching the egg. She and her husband are “pretty sure” they do not want to have anymore children, but know they want to continue to be intimate, she says. “It’s [a form of] birth control that lets me forget about it and it gives me peace of mind,” says Salazar, a stay-athome mother who lives in Scottsdale. “I’m too busy and forgetful … I need something low-maintenance.” University of Arizona student Allison Rodriguez, 21, takes the pill, the most common form of birth control. She says it’s an easy and affordable backup to condoms. “I take it every morning with my coffee. It’s become a ritual and it’s something I’m comfortable with, like taking vitamins,” she says. www.latinopm.com

¡ March 2011!

Latino Perspectives Magazine

Lifestyle matters “CancerTreatment “CancerTreatment Centers Centers of of America® America® gave gave me me aa team team that that stood stood beside beside me me and and was was ready ready to to fight. fight. They They restored restored my my hope. hope.””

Whatever method a woman chooses, it should best fit her lifestyle, says Dr. DeShawn Taylor, medical director for Planned Parenthood. “The less the woman has to think about her birth control, the more reliable it’s going to be,” she says. Taylor says women should evaluate their life and seriously think about when they would like to become a parent and how many years out they want it to happen. Some mothers might want to consider birth spacing between babies and

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What’s your plan? Long gone are the days when birth-control options were limited to a pill or piece of latex. Today, there are a bevy of choices for women of all ages and family planning stages. Here are several options from one source, American Baby Magazine:

The Combined Pill

Cost: $15-$35 a month. What: A daily prescription pill that contains estrogen and progestin. Traditionally taken for 21 days and then take a week off. Several new types of pills are taken continuously, so you don’t get a period. How: Prevents ovulation and also thickens cervical mucus, which keeps sperm from joining with an egg. Who: Any woman who wants reliable, nonpermanent birth control with little side effects. It also helps treat conditions such as fibroids and endometriosis, which can cause heavy periods. Downside: Irregular bleeding, breast tenderness, headache and a lower libido. Most doctors don’t recommend women over 35 who have high blood pressure and/or smoke use this method, due to increased risk of blood clots. Not for breastfeeding moms. FYI: This pill is 99 percent effective if taken on a precise schedule. That number drops to 92 percent with typical use.

The Mini Pill

Latino Perspectives Magazine

¡ March 2011!

www.latinopm.com

estrogen, it doesn’t carry the risk of decreasing milk production. Downside: It has to be taken like clock-

pick a method that fits with the timing of their next planned pregnancy. And even though it is popular, the pill does require some maintenance, as do other forms of birth control that call for checkups every few months, or even every month. When looking at the most common methods, Taylor ranks withdrawal and condoms at the bottom of the list and Depo-Provera and the new single-rod implant, which is hormonal and effective for three years, at the top.

work. If taken more than three hours past the usual time, a backup method will be needed for 48 hours. FYI: Like the combined pill, this pill is 99 percent effective with perfect use versus 92 percent with typical use.

Condoms

Cost: About 50 cents each. What: A sheath of thin latex or plastic worn on the penis during intercourse; available over the counter. How: It collects semen, preventing it from entering the vagina. Who: Women who don’t want to take hormones, who have sex infrequently or who are not in monogamous relationships. Downside: Many men — and women — hate condoms, because they decrease sensation. FYI: Ideally, condoms work 98 percent of the time. In reality, it’s closer to 85 percent.

Diaphragms, caps and shields

Cost: $15-$75; diaphragm and cap last two years; shield, six months. How: Keep sperm from joining the egg by blocking entry to the uterus when used with contraceptive jelly. Who: Women who really don’t want to use a hormonal method or who have sex infrequently. What: Soft latex or silicone barriers that cover the cervix and require a fitting at your doctor’s office. Downside: Not super reliable and can’t be used if any type of vaginal bleeding is present, including menstruation. Some women who use these methods develop frequent urinary tract infections. FYI: 94 percent effective with perfect use, but that drops to around 84 percent with typical use.

Taylor says young women in their 20s are most likely to use the pill, while women in their 30s may also use the pill, but generally have the experience and financial means to afford the higher, upfront cost of an IUD, shot or implant. Women who choose IUDs, fairly popular in Mexico, are usually older, in monogamous relationships or already have children, Taylor says. Women in their 40s are comfortable using the more advanced forms, but Taylor says many at this age choose permanent

birth control in the form of tubal sterilization. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s minor surgery that can be done as an outpatient procedure and involves injecting an obstruction into each fallopian tube. Taylor advises women make their birth control choices to fit their lifestyle, regardless of age. Â â&#x20AC;&#x153;No longer are we in a time that women at a certain age should have this or that,â&#x20AC;? she says. â&#x20AC;&#x153;All options are available to women, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s about finding the right fit and really individualizing their control.â&#x20AC;?

The Shot (Depo-Provera)

Who: Women who really donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to use a hormonal method of birth control. Downside: Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not for those over 35 who smoke or have high blood pressure. FYI:Â With perfect use itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 99 percent effective. Doctors find it roughly 98 percent effective for their patients.

Cost: $30-$75 every 3 months, plus examÂ cost. What: Prescription-only, injectable method of birth control that contains progestin. How: Hormone prevents ovulation, thickens cervical mucus and alters the uterine lining. Who: Women who donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to get pregnant for 2-3 years or those who canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t take estrogen, like breastfeeding moms. Downside: Irregular bleeding may result. Can also cause temporary bone thinning; Women at risk for osteoporosis should discuss with their doctor. FYI: Use it consistently and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 99.9 percent effective. If youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re late for a shot, that number falls to 97 percent. Â

The Patch

Cost: $30-$40 a month. What: Thin plastic patch stuck on buttock, tummy or arm once a week for three weeks.

How: Releases synthetic progestin and

estrogen, preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. Who: Busy women who want a very reliable method of birth control, but might forget to take a pill every day. Downside: Thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a slightly higher risk of blood clots for those who use this method. FYI: Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 99 percent effective when used perfectly. Miss a dose? Drop to 95 percent.

The Ring (NuvaRing)

Cost: $30-$35 a month. What: Prescription-only ring inserted into the vagina once a month; left in for three or four weeks. How: Releases synthetic estrogen and progestin that prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus and thin the uterine lining.

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IUD (ParaGard, Mirena)

Cost: $175-500 for exam, insertion and follow-up. What: T-shaped plastic device inserted into the uterus by the OB-GYN. How: Prevents sperm from reaching the egg and thin the uterine lining, preventing egg implantation. Who: Moms either done having kids or who want to space their babies at least three years apart. Downside: Up to 10 percent of IUDs are accidently pushed into the vagina in the first year; rare reports of IUDs puncturing the uterus during insertion. FYI: IUDs are more than 99 percent effective. ParaGard is good for a decade; Mirena lasts for five years. Â

The Implant (Implanon)

Cost: $300-$350 for office visit and insertion; good for up to 3 years. Can be removed sooner. What: A matchstick-size implant inserted under skin of the upper arm. How: Progestin prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus. Who: Women who do not want to get pregnant in the near future or breastfeeding moms who want to get pregnant quickly once they stop and the implant is removed. Downside: Not widely available. FYI: Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fairly new, but experts estimate Implanon is 99.9 percent effective.

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