MODULAR DISASTER RELIEF HOUSING
LAUREN CAMERON | ID 44001 SPECIALIZED FOCUS + POPULATIONS | 14 DECEMBER 2017
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
PREFACE:
PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER:
RESEARCH
CHAPTER:
CONCEPT
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6
18
CHAPTER:
PROCESS
DELIVERABLE:
D E S I G N DRAWINGS
SELECTION:
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34
F F + E 40
41
DELIVERABLE:
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MATERIALITY
RENDERINGS
SUMMARY:
PROJECT CONCLUSION
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SOURCES:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
SELECTION:
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
AFTER THE DISASTER
With the heightened awareness of natural and human-made disasters, responding to such occurrences has been placed front and center on a global stage. The disaster recovery sector is faced with challenges of meeting basic personal needs of impacted individuals while striving for efficiency and effectiveness on an international scale. This project will examine the design criteria for the disaster recovery sector with focus on those who have experienced the disaster, those who wish to contribute, and those who work on behalf of the relief and recovery efforts. This project will involve the exploration of how disaster recovery is approached today and in future innovation. Understanding human behaviors and the extreme needs during a crisis aids in focusing not only on the victims of a crisis, but the workers or volunteers who serve them. With the end goal of developing a conceptual relief or recovery village that is mobile and quick to deploy, providing safe and comfortable environments for those displaced by a crisis or disaster is the main concern. Through exploring current advancements and future innovations in disaster relief and recovery, the development of the following deliverables will help to explore this process: - a high-level master plan for a quickly deployed mobile relief community - a mobile or modular central hall unit to house multiple shared support spaces - a mobile or modular housing unit for a family of 2 adults, 2 children and 1 pet
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RESEARCH
CHARET TE
INFORMATION
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PROGRAM
12
PRECEDENT
13
STUDIES
DISASTER TIMELINE
BEFORE
DURING
CAUSES: Buildup of negative factors, Unlawful practices, Lack of awareness and education
Consequence + reaction of Buildup, Destruction, Once in motion, the disaster is difficult to stop.
RESEARCH
Collaboration between groups, Gathering family, friends, IMMEDIATELY belongings, etc., A F T E R Assisting others
CHARETTE INFORMATION
S H O R T T E R M
EXTENDED T E R M
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Temporary fixes + clean-up, Help others and yourself, Begin slow rebuilding process Rebuilding, Passing of laws + enforcement, Education, Economic recovery
Mitigation: Review of buildings and zoning codes, Make sure the community is prepared, Strengthen the public infrastructure
Preparedness: Practice disaster plans/evacuation routes, Ensure safety + efficiency of people + supplies
Quick decisions to save lives, Pop-up medical care and shelter, Coordination of services, resources, volunteers + people.
FEMA, military, government, Red Cross, etc., Logistics: How to regain communication + transportation
Help those who are still struggling, Replenish used supplies, Redevelop + revisit disaster plans - learn from past mistakes
Assess current recovery progress + further risk, Disaster management plan, Prepare for the next disaster
Seek shelter, Secure your home and belongings, Take advice from authorities - Internet, Emergency Radio, etc.
Support: Providing food, water, supplies, Counseling, Temporary Housing, Clothes, Healthcare, Donations, Volunteerism
Console those who are distressed, help them through the disaster, calm them
Begin contacting insurance companies, Receiving outside help via agencies or generous people
SOCIETAL I M PA C T S
SOCIAL
Animal + insect species loss, Introduction of new species, Landscape, Ecosystem, Habitats, Spread of toxic materials + gases
Environmental adaptations, Climate change - Take a long time to reach ‘normal’, Opportunity to revisit Urban Planning
Change costs, Rebuilding infrastructure, Transportation of services + goods, Medical costs, Tourism
Food + Supplies, Relief worker costs (housing, food, compensation, etc.)
CHARETTE INFORMATION
E N V I RO N M E N TA L
Involvement as outsiders: Witnesses, bystanders, ‘donaters’, volunteers, assistance, workers
RESEARCH
ECONOMIC
Community interaction + involvement: “How do we take this negative situation and turn it into a positive one?”
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WHEN DOES THIS OCCUR? WHY SOLVE? WHY PREPARE? WHY HELP?
CHARETTE INFORMATION
RESEARCH
WHERE DOES THIS OCCUR?
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE, GOAL, OR WHO IS REACTION? INVOLVED?
THE 5 W’S
W H O ?
W H AT ?
WHERE?
W H E N ?
WHY?
Families, individual, pets + animals, communities, information seekers, action involvement seekers, government, environment, society, outsiders
Workers: Fire, Responders, FEMA, Red Cross, UN, UNICEF, Police, Doctors, etc.
Locally Globally Geographically Culturally Economically Environmentally
Town, States, Countries, Regions, Areas, Disasters’ path of destruction
Involve the community, Donate resources, Find planning and rebuilding opportunities, Education, Positive community reactions and feelings
Immediately, Long-Term via foreshadowing + symptoms, Short-Term via alternative solutions + evacuations Consistently by preparing for seasons, Unexpectedly Human decency, Morale, Dignity Comfort, Stability, (Re)uniting, Community improvement + repair, Emotional response + reaction, Return to normalcy
Reaction: Emotional responses, Positive surge of involvement, Reform
Prepare, Look for signs of disaster, Prevent, Review disaster and evacuation plans Betterment of: Infrastructure, Government, Design + planning, Harmony of built + natural
P R E - FA B
MODULAR
ADAPTIVE
A single unit (can be prefabricated) that is repeated and connected to other units to create a larger whole. Housing that has the ability to change and adapt to the user, their needs, and their preferences. This can consist of pre-fab and/or modular housing
Electricity, water and resources are the most important factors in relief aid. Other important factors M O B I L E of logistics: weather, zoning, DEPLOYMENT disease, size, access, etc.
CHARETTE INFORMATION
LO G I S T I C S
Parts are built off-site and transported to the site where they are assembled to form the entirety of the structure.
RESEARCH
T Y P ES O F ST RU CT U R ES
“How are these resources going to reach those in need? How long will it sustain them?�
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“How will these users react to a trying situation? How can design counter balance this?”
HOW DISASTER WILL MAKE THEM FEEL
HOW DATUM WILL MAKE THEM FEEL
CHARETTE INFORMATION
RESEARCH
Uneasy
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Anxious
Unfamiliar
VS.
Welcomed
Relaxed
Expressive
Invited
Supported
Secure
“Which spaces will properly support users mentally and physically? How will the sense of community be rebuilt?”
TOWN CENTER
Gathering Spaces Lost + Found Support Spaces »»Physical: Food + Supply Distribution »»Mental: Medical Care, Counseling Command Center »»Communication Area Volunteer + Worker Spaces Prayer + Reflection Space Donation Area + Storage
PROGRAM
Living Quarters »»to fit 2 adults, 2 children, 1 pet Common Space Food Preparation Space Restroom Storage
RESEARCH
PRIVATE SPACES
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ACCORDION
re COVER
SHELTER
DESIGNERS: MATTHEW MALONE, AMANDA GOLDBERG, JENNIFER METCALF + GRANT MEECHAM
PEOPLE: Can sustain a family of four for up to 1 month
RESEARCH
STRUCTURE: Origamilike structure, Collapsed into one of two shapes for shipping: Horseshoe or flat depending on mode of transportation
PRECEDENT STUDIES
SET-UP: Minimal amount of time, can be done by one person FEATURES: Ridges can collect drinking water Structure can be covered with any material available for insulation
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IKEA SOLAR-POWERED FLAT PACK SHELTER COLLABORATION: IKEA FOUNDATION + UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNCHR)
PEOPLE: Sleeps 5 comfortably, 2x the size of a refugee tent
PRECEDENT STUDIES
RESEARCH
STRUCTURE: Solarpowered roofing eliminates fire risk (candles, etc.), Shade-net on roof deflects solar heat gain by 70%, 188 SF, Metal frame held together by connectors and wire
SET-UP: Takes about 4 hours, no tools required FEATURES: Flat packing design, Designed to last 3 years, Approximately $850 once in mass production
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ABLENOOK
DESIGNERS: JASON ROSS + SEAN VERDECIA
PEOPLE: Can provide single- or double-wide space
PRECEDENT STUDIES
RESEARCH
STRUCTURE: Pre-fab living module, Can be used as classrooms, housing or office space, identical and universal aluminum structural insulated panels (SIPS) that clip together with no tools, Plug-andplay assembly SET-UP: About 2 hours FEATURES: Flat-packed, Amount of space needed can be specified, Universal structural system
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lumin
AID
DESIGNERS: ANNA STORK + ANDREA SRESHTA
COMPOSITION: Inflatable case, Solarpowered LED COST: $18.95-$26.95
PRECEDENT STUDIES
RESEARCH
DISTRIBUTION: Distributed in 10 countries so far, Easy distribution via air FEATURES: No movable parts, provides light up to 3 years without replacement, Compact, Waterproof, Floats,
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CONCEPT
CONCEPT STATEMENT
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CONCEPT VISUALS +
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DEVELOPMENT
BIOMIMICRY
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T R AV E L (v.) /’træv əl/
1. to move or go from one place or point to another. 2. to proceed or advance in any way.
Intending to seek exciting places and experiences allows one to engage with a new network of familiarity.
TRAVEL
CONCEPT
engage | ameliorate | preserve | relate
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shelter
haven
shield
guarantee
ensure
protect
establish
provide
WORD MAPS
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
preserve
defend
SECURE
conceal
contend assure prove
emulate
encounter
involve relate
meander wend
controvert
ANXIOUS concerned/ concern relate to excitable
thoughtful considerate
progress develop ameliorate journey
aware
nervous timid
apprehensive
helpful attentive
TRAVEL
continue
retain
connect with
link
proceed
perpetuate
arrange
engage
grow
conserve
respectful
lighten alleviate
careful
attentive
deliberate
consider enthralled meticulous
calculated
advance
“How does travel inspire positivity during trying times? How does travel positively engage people?�
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ENGAGE | PRESERVE | RELATE
CONCEPT VISUALS
“How does travel preserve self identity? How does travel induce a sense of peace?”
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BEES
Perpetuate, Engage, Involve, Defend, Modular, Attentive, Meticulous, Calculated, Arrange, Conserve, Preserve Who + What?
units, people, resources, materials, community, environment, colors, military, government, organizations, volunteers
Where?
BRAINSTORMING
STENOCARA BEETLE
BIOMIMICRY
exterior, interior, exterior and interior relationships, unit clusters, town center, personal spaces
Perpetuate, Resilient, Engaging, Adaptable, Emulate, Conserve, Preserve, Shield, Aware, Collect Who + What?
roof, exterior shell, environment, town center, community, materials, furniture, fixtures, equipment, users, ideas, experiences
Where?
roof, exterior shell, extreme climates, town center, art
“What organisms have naturally sustaining processes?�
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STENOCARA BEETLE
Stenocara gracilipes
The Namib Desert is one of the driest habitats in the world. One species has a more unique way of gathering water in such an arid climate. The Stenocara Beetle, or Darkling Beetle, has the ability to collect drinking water from fog or dew collected along the unique texture on the shell covering over their wings. “A combination of hydrophilic (water attracting) and hydrophobic (water repelling) areas on these structure may increase fog- and dewharvesting efficiency.” These alternating surfaces are represented by the micro-sized grooves and bumps on the forewings of the insect. With the repelling and attracting nature of the texture, water collected from the dew or fog follows the path toward the insect’s mouth. Just as important as the texture of the shell is to this process, so is the ritual of sticking its rear end up in the air to collect the moisture. This texture provides inspiration for a water collection system. This system can be implemented in a disaster situation in order to collect clean drinking water and can be implemented to help those in need.
STENOCARA BEETLE
BIOMIMICRY
“What aspects can be adapted to design?”
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PROCES S
SKETCHES
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DIAGRAMS
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D E S I G N DRAWINGS
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“How will a recognizable brand bring structure to a time of chaos? How will it be a sense of wayfinding?”
BRANDING SKETCHES
PROCESS
Top: Sketches Above: Icon Left: Logo
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SKETCHES
PROCESS
“How will the space be developed? How will it function?”
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SKETCHES
PROCESS
“What features will it posses? How will it connect to the overall community?”
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DIAGRAMS
TOWN CENTER
General Form
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General Space Plan + Key
Detailed Space Plan Diagram
Revision Sketch
Initial 3D Model Development
DEVELOPMENT
TOWN CENTER
Final Rhino Model Form
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Massing Sketch
DIAGRAMS + DEVELOPMENT
HOUSING UNITS
Feature Attachment Sketch
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Roof Sketches
Final Massing Sketch
Compacted Unit
Extended Unit
Right Elevation of Fully Extended Unit
UNITS
UNITS
SUPPORT SPACES
TOWN CENTER
KEY
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3
UNITS
COMMUNITY + PRIVACY
SUPPORT SPACES
MASTER SITE PLAN
UNITS
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PLAN
TOWN CENTER
Town Center Plan
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GATHERING + DINING
BATHING STORAGE + SLEEPING
Level 1 Furniture Plan
9’-6”
SLEEPING
RELIEF HOUSING UNIT
10’-2” 7’-0”
PLAN
Level 2 Furniture Plan
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11’-0”
5’-0”
4’-6” 10’-0”
PLAN + SECTION
7’-0”
RELIEF HOUSING UNIT
0’-6”
11’-0”
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Compacted Unit Plan
8’-0”
Extended Unit Section
11’-0”
10’-0”
Compacted Right Elevation
0’-6”
S E L E CT I O N S
F F + E
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MATERIALS
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RENDERINGS
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Greycork Furniture
FF+E SELECTIONS
Profile Chair - Andrei Boghita
IMAGES
OpenDesk Slotted Furniture
Deconstructed Greycork Furniture
OpenDesk Joinery
Heureka Chair - Timo Spelleken
Deconstructed Tebur Table
Terreform ONE Biodegradable Furniture
Tebur Table - Nifemi Marcus Bello
“Will the furniture allow for flexibility in a space? Will it be sturdy? How will it cater to different users?�
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Structure of Birdair’s Tensotherm Membrane
Constructed Tensile Membrane Roof
MATERIAL SELECTION
Bencor Starlight Plus Flooring (Backlit)
Mycoform (Mycelia Substrate) Development
Excelite Multiwall Polycarbonate Sheet
IMAGES
Bencor Starlight Plus Flooring Options
“Are the materials sustainable? Are they technologically advanced? Are they resilient?”
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RENDERINGS
TOWN CENTER
Rendered Town Center
Site View
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Communication Center + Gathering Area
Compacted Unit
Fully Extended Unit
RENDERINGS
RELIEF HOUSING UNIT
Exterior Unit Views
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CONCLUSION
PROJECT
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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CONCLUSION
PROJECT CONCLUSION
MOVING FORWARD
In times of distress, many lose their idea of self-identity. Datum provides a flexible design that allows families, individuals, and others adapt their space to fit their personal needs and retain that sense of self-identity. Each expandable unit is developed to sustain a maximum of two adults, two children, and a pet to take shelter. Every unit created can provide water through a special collection system and safely store survivors’ personal belongings. By providing a clean slate for those affected, they can comfortably express themselves in a space that supports them to do so. Located around a central ‘Town Center’ every unit can collect supplies, communicate to outside areas, receive support services, and more. Through different levels of interaction, Datum supports users in their own process of accepting their current situation. Depending on the type and severity of the disaster, the modular Town Center can be specified in a way that grows or shrinks based on the needs of those affected. Since there is no strict plan that the Units or Town Center needs to follow, survivors have another way in which they can express themselves – through the development of their temporary, or new, community. No matter the situation, it is the goal to use materials, furniture, technologies, and construction methods that are sustainable and will aid in ensuring a safe experience for the users while impacting the environment in a positive manner. Each aspect of Datum is designed to take devastation and morph it into positive opportunities for connection and development.
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Adams, Dallon. “The Best of Biomimicry: Here’s 7 Brilliant Examples of NatureInspired Design.” Digital Trends, 29 Jan. 2017, www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/ biomimicry-examples/. AskNature Team. “Heat Creates Precise Shapes : Apidae.” AskNature, 7 Feb. 2016, asknature.org/strategy/heat-creates-precise-shapes/#.WgmwcsanFPY.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AskNature Team. “Water Vapor Harvesting : Darkling Beetles.” AskNature, 19 Apr. 2016, asknature.org/strategy/water-vapor-harvesting/#.Wgmzq8anFPY. Concrete Canvas Ltd. Concrete Canvas.http://www.concretecanvas.com/. Accessed 8 November 2017. Goodier, Rob. “The next Generation of Technology for Disaster Preparedness and Relief.” WFEO, WFEO, 24 Oct. 2014, www.wfeo.org/next-generation-technologydisaster-preparedness-relief/.
SOURCES
Kiniry, Laura. “9 Disaster-Relief Inventions.” Popular Mechanics, Popular Mechanics, 14 Nov. 2017, www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/ g1025/9-disaster-relief-inventions/?thumbnails.
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Kiniry, Laura. “9 Disaster-Relief Inventions.” Popular Mechanics, Popular Mechanics, 14 Nov. 2017, www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/ g1025/9-disaster-relief-inventions/?thumbnails.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Loomans, Taz. “8 Innovative Emergency Shelters for When Disaster Strikes.” Inhabitat Green Design Innovation Architecture Green Building, 17 Nov. 2013, inhabitat.com/8-innovative-emergency-shelter-designs-for-when-disaster-hits/.
Stevens, Greg. “Open Source Wi-Fi Tower.” GitHub, 15 Nov. 2013, github.com/ servalproject/foss-comms-tower.
Weissman, Cale Guthrie. “From Katrina To Harvey: How Disaster Relief Is Evolving With Technology.” Fast Company, Fast Company, 29 Aug. 2017, www.fastcompany. com/40459641/from-katrina-to-harvey-how-disaster-relief-is-evolving-withtechnology.
SOURCES
U.S. Government. DisasterAssistance.gov. www.disasterassistance.gov. Accessed 8 November 2017.
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MODULAR DISASTER RELIEF HOUSING