Whizz Pop Bang Science Magazine for Kids! Issue 81: BOUNCING BABIES! by Whizz Pop Bang

Build a bird’s nest

egg strength challenge

ISSN 2399 -2840

THE AWESOME SCIENCE MAGAZINE FOR KIDS!

Why babies are so cute!

Make an eco Easter basket

up g in w o r g f o e c T h e s cie n Craft a jumping Easter bunn y

hopping Get wit h ka n ga r

WHIZZPOPBANG.COM ISSUE 81

EXPERIMENTS PUZZLES AMAZING FACTS SCIENCE NEWS

WELCOME!

We’re bouncing and hopping with some of the cutest babies around!

WHIZZ POP BANG is made by:

Do you remember being born and your life as a baby? Not many people do! So this iss often weird and wonderful lif ue, we’re crawling into the e of are born able to walk, to babie babies… from babies that s that spend time developing in eggs inside their dads’ mo uths! There are also lots of activities to try: extract th e fat from cows’ milk to make butter, craft a bouncing baby bunny, strength of eggs and build yo investigate the ur own bird’s nest!

Editor-in-Chief: Jenny Inglis Editor: Tammy Osborne Assistant Editor: Tara Pardo Designers: Rachael Fisher and Simon Oliver Illustrator: Clive Goodyer Staff writer: Joanna Tubbs Contributors: Esther Barron, Sarah Bearchell, Anna Claybourne, Claire Cock-Starkey, Joe Inglis, Poppy Inglis and Kirsty Williams

EXPERT SCIENCE ADVISERS

I’ve made an eggs-cellent Easter bunny basket! Where you see this symbol, use a QR code reader on a phone or tablet to visit a relevant web page.

Emmi

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WHIZZ POP BANG is only available by subscription. If you haven’t subscribed yet, simply go to whizzpopbang.com and sign up for as little as £3.33 per magazine, including UK delivery. Back issues are available to purchase at whizzpopbang.com/shop With the help of Whizz Pop Bang magazine, just imagine what your child might one day discover!

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Welcome to WHIZZ POP BANG – the magazine bursting with enticing articles, mind-boggling facts and hands-on experiments to get your child hooked on science! Whizz Pop Bang is a gender-neutral magazine with plenty of inspirational male and female scientists and content that appeals to all children.

The magazine is ideal for home educators and it’s linked to the national curriculum too, for use in schools. Whizz Pop Bang will help with literacy development as well. Transform science teaching in your school with our hands-on science and reading resources. Our downloadable lesson packs link fun science experiments and reading with key curriculum topics for years 2-6. Subscribe at whizzpopbang.com/schools

All experiments have been tried and tested by our team. The activities should be done under close adult supervision and are done at your own risk. Launchpad Publishing Ltd cannot accept liability for damage done.

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© 2022 Launchpad Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of WHIZZ POP BANG without written permission is prohibited. Illustrations: © 2022 Clive Goodyer

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As well as our writers, we also have a team of science advisers who help to ensure that our content is accurate, up-to-date and relevant. Our advisers include: palaeontologist Steve Brusatte; molecular microbiologist Matt Hutchings; robotics engineer Abbie Hutty; mechanical engineer Amiee Morgans; GP Dr Cathy Scott; astronomer Mark Thompson; physicist Dr Jess Wade; child psychologist Dr Naira Wilson. To find out more, go to whizzpopbang.com/about

ISSN 2399-2840

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CONTENTS

AWESOME NEWS AND AMAZING FACTS

See a giant pterosaur fossil and an ancient dagger made from space rock, plus a pet photo challenge!

BOUNCING BABIES!

Build a bird’s nest, nest take our egg strength challenge and find out why babies are so cute!

ANIMAL ANTICS

We’re heading down under to meet some jolly joeys as we get hopping with kangaroos. kangaroos

SILLY SCIENCE

Whose baby? Match the youngsters with their animal parents and find out some fantastic facts about them.

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EMMI’S ECO CLUB

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Recycle a bottle to make an awesome Easter basket, perfect for taking on an egg hunt! basket

PULLOUT

Marvel at a spinning optical illusion, craft a jumping Easter bunny and create some animal tangrams.

INTERVIEW WITH A SCIENCE HERO

Hang out with Dr Yenny Saraswati and some orphaned orangutans, as she shows them the ropes to help them return to the wild.

HOW STUFF WORKS

Ultrasound scanners help us take a look at baby animals (and people) before they’re born.

TEN AWESOMELY AMAZING…

…ways to have babies – including the longest pregnancy, the biggest baby and the toad that keeps its eggs under its skin!

28 ©

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SENSATIONAL SCIENTISTS

Rosalind Franklin helped uncover the structure of DNA, the chemical instructions for life.

Y’S WONDER CLUB

Ask our robot, Y, your burning science questions and share all of your adventures in science with the club.

QUIZ POP BANG AND COMPETITION

I’d love to see pictures of your experiments! Send them to Y@whizzpopbang.com and ask an JOKES AND ANSWERS adult to tag us on social media Laugh out loud at some awesome jokes and find @whizzpopbangmag the answers to all of our quizzes, puzzles and riddles.

Test your knowledge with our super-duper science quiz and win an amazing Sea-Monkeys kit!

SPECTACULAR SCIENCE

Say hello to the magnificent mum that carries her young in her fearsome jaws!

FIND THE SCIENCE EQUIPMENT Hidden on each double page is a piece of science equipment. Tick each one to find the complete kit!

s Awesome New cts and Amazing Fa

POLLUTION RESOLUTION

When palaeontology student Amelia Penny spotted a fossil on a beach during a field trip on the Isle of Skye in Scotland, she didn’t know it would turn out to be the largest known Jurassic pterosaur, a huge flying reptile that lived 170 million years ago. After studying the fossil, experts say it had a wingspan of over 2.5 metres and is a new species. It has been named Dearc sgiathanach (say jark ski-an-ach), meaning winged reptile from Skye. “This is probably the best British skeleton found since the days of Mary Anning,” said Professor Steve Brusatte, Whizz Pop Bang’s science adviser, who helped to dig up and study the fossil.

You could write to your local MP to ask whether they’ve seen the IPCC’s report and what they’re doing to help!

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JURASSIC GIANT

The end of plastic pollution may be in sight! Last month at the UN Environment Assembly, 175 countries agreed to develop the world’s Plastic first global plastic pollution takes treaty, to be completed by 2024. hund reds The treaty will be legally binding of years and will address the production of to break plastics as well as how they’re used dow n. and disposed of. Meanwhile, the new report by the world’s climate change experts, the Intergovernmental Panel of Since the Climate Change (IPCC), says 1950s, we only have a short time to 9 billion stop the Earth warming up too tonnes of much. The report suggests lots plastic of things governments can do to has been help, from growing different crops produced. to planting more trees in cities. The next part of the report, due out this month, will say how we can reduce the amount of greenhouse gasses we are producing.

Kids in Yorkshire have been busy planting a forest with a difference. Forest Eye will be a huge, 300-metre-wide living artwork of a child’s eye, made up of 5,000 trees. The eye will highlight the role of forests in tackling the climate crisis and the importance of listening to kids’ views on climate change.

NEW BABY!

Meet Longleat Safari Park’s first ever baby koala! Having been safely tucked away in mum’s pouch, the joey is now old enough to start venturing out to explore its surroundings. Although it doesn’t yet have a name, it’s already a bit of a celebrity as it’s the first southern koala ever born in Europe! To win a family ticket to the park (2 adults + 2 children), answer the following question:

What do koalas eat? a) Bamboo b) Eucalyptus c) Vegemite

Send your answer to win@whizzpopbang.com with ‘Longleat competition’ as the subject of your email. Deadline: 8th May 2022. Full terms and conditions available at whizzpopbang.com

EYE EYE!

TUTANKHAMEN’S SPACE DAGGER Archaeologists were surprised to discover an iron dagger in Ancient Egyptian King Tutankhamen’s tomb – the dagger was from 500 years before the Iron Age, when humans learnt to smelt iron. A century later, scientists confirmed that the iron was from a meteorite – a space rock that fell to Earth. Now, chemical analysis has shown that the meteorite it was made from was found outside of Egypt, so the dagger was probably given to the teenage king as a gift.

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CAMERAS AT THE READY! If you have a pet, start snapping because the comedy pet photography competition is open! It’s free to enter and you could win £2,000 for yourself and £5,000 for a pet charity of your choice! Visit comedypetphoto.com for more information. © Karma Hunter

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BABIES EVERYWHERE!

Everyone who has ever lived was once a baby, and that goes for animals too. But there are lots of ways to have babies, and some animals do it very differently from us!

Awwwww!

GROWING INSIDE

In humans and many other animals, a baby grows inside its mum’s womb, getting bigger and bigger until it’s ready to be born. The baby gets food through a tube called the umbilical cord, which connects it to its mother’s body.

The baby grows inside the womb, a stretchy bag-shaped organ

Umbilical cord

But how do they go to the toilet? In the womb, a baby’s body makes waste, just like our bodies make wee and poo. But the waste goes back down the umbilical cord to the mother’s body, so babies in the womb don’t need to go to the toilet!

ALL ABOUT EGGS

Not all animals have babies like this. Instead, birds, and most reptiles, fish and insects, lay eggs. An egg has a protective shell or tough skin and a supply of food inside. After the mother lays the eggs, the babies keep growing by eating this food, then they hatch out.

Inside a chicken egg, a chick grows from a tiny embryo into a baby chicken…

… then pecks its way out!

Hello world!

Eggs come in a wide range of shapes and sizes.

e © Shutterstock.com

Cabbage white butterfly eggs

Sea turtle eggs

EGG DROP!

Octopus eggs

Ostrich egg

Birds’ eggs might seem breakable to us, but they’re actually very strong. That’s why eggs don’t break when mother birds sit on them to keep them warm! They can even survive a fall out of the nest if they land on soft grass. To test this, take a fresh, uncooked hen’s egg outside and try dropping it on some grass from as high up as your arm can reach. Hold it with the pointed end at the top, like this.

Some baby lizards and birds grow a special tooth for breaking out of their egg.

WALKING ON EGGSHELLS See how strong eggs really are…

You will need: • Two boxes of 6 eggs • A bin bag or waterproof mat • One or two other people to help

What you do: 1. Spread the bag or mat on the floor to catch any spillages. 2. Put both boxes of eggs on it, side by side, with their lids open.

Why are eggs funny? Because they tell yolks!

Baby names Can you match up these animals to their babies’ names? Check your answers on page 34. Kangaroo

Kitten

Hare

Kid

Goat

Joey

Penguin

Leveret

Elephant

Chick

Rabbit

Calf

WHY LAY EGGS?

It makes sense for flying birds to lay eggs, as the chicks can grow inside the eggs instead of weighing down the mother bird’s body. In other animals, laying eggs can make it easier to have lots of babies. Some may get eaten by other animals, but some will survive.

3. Get your assistants to help you carefully step onto the eggs (try to lower your feet onto them as evenly as possible)… 4. Then let go and see if they hold your weight!

You should find: You can stand on the eggs without breaking them! The curved, pointed shape carries the pressure downwards, making eggs brilliant at supporting weight.

A female ocean sunfish can lay 300 MILLION eggs in one go!

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BABY FOOD

Worker honeybees feed baby bees on a mixture of nectar and pollen from flowers called ‘bee bread’.

Eat your bee bread!

Penguin parents swallow food then bring it back up –

regurgitate

(say re-GUR-ji-tate) it – into their chick’s beak.

MAMMAL MILK

Mammals are animals that feed their babies on milk from the mother’s body. They include humans, whales, seals and furry animals like cats and dogs. The milk comes out of nipples or teats on the mother’s body.

WHAT IS MILK?

Although it’s a liquid, mammal milk is more than just a drink – it’s a complete baby food. It’s full of things baby animals need to help them grow and be healthy, like protein, fat (which provides energy) and vitamins. Usually, the babies feed on the milk for several weeks or months, until they’re big enough to eat the same food as their parents.

Hooded seal mums make very creamy milk that contains 60% fat. It’s so rich that a hooded seal pup doubles its size in just four days!

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MAKE YOUR ER OWN BUTTan d cream

ilk Many humans use m r mammal milk, from cows. Like othe t to give calves it contains lots of fa fat butter. To see energy. We call this is in cream, pour how much fat there uble cream into a small carton of do th a tight-fitting a jar or container wi ntainer is bigger lid. Make sure the co the lid on, then than the carton. Put for at least 20 shake! Keep shaking ople to have minutes. (Ask other pe Eventually, the a go if you get tired!) of solid butter. fat will form a lump

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Lots of animals care for and feed their babies when they’re born or hatch. But babies don’t always have the same food as grown-ups. Like us, some animals give their babies special baby food!

Lots of birds and other animals build nests or dens to keep their babies safe. © Shutterstock.com

Weaver ants join leaves together to make a nest using silk from their larvae (babies) Sociable weaver birds made this ginormous shared nest from woven grasses

Prairie pups Prairie dogs build big burrow networks with lots of tunnels and chambers – including a nursery chamber for their babies. Can you help this prairie dog find her pups? Check your answer on page 34.

Cave swiftlets make their nests from their own dried saliva (spit)! It can take years for termites to build their huge nests

BUILD A BIRD’S NEST

Birds can weave or even tie knots in grasses and twigs to make a strong nest. Have a go and see if you can do it too!

You will need: • Small twigs, grasses, leaves, moss, bark or other natural materials (thin, bendy twigs work best) • A plate or piece of scrap cardboard • Pebbles or hen’s eggs to test your nest!

What you do: 1. On your plate or cardboard, use your materials to build a bowl-shaped nest to hold your eggs, making it as strong as you can. 2. Try weaving, knotting or intertwining grasses and twigs to make them hold together. 3. When it’s ready, carefully put some eggs or pebbles in the nest. If it falls apart, try again!

The biggest bald eagle nest ever measured was the size of a car

GROWING AND CHANGING

Just like us, baby animals have to grow up! They change as they get older and learn how to survive, find food and keep themselves safe. It takes us humans over 20 years to grow into mature adults, but most animals grow up much faster.

YOU‘‘RE ON YOUR OWN! YOU

Some animal parents don’t look after their babies at all. Instead, they just leave their eggs to hatch. Sea turtles lay their eggs on sandy beaches, then swim away. When the baby turtles hatch, they crawl into the sea by themselves. They never even meet their parents!

ON YOUR FEET!

While baby humans can’t do anything for themselves for months, some baby animals can get up and walk in just a few hours – but they still need their parents to care for them.

I can do this all by myself !

STAYING SAFE

Baby animals often have special features to protect them from danger. These disappear as they get older.

Deer use smells to send each other messages, but the babies are much less smelly so that predators can’t sniff them out.

Baby tapirs have spots and stripes to camouflage them in the forest undergrowth.

Bleeeuuurgggh!

FOUL FACT

DANGER – FLYING VOMIT!

Fulmars are seabirds that nest on cliffs. They leave their chicks alone when they go fishing. If a hunting bird approaches, the innocent-looking chick can squirt it with oily, stinky vomit! This not only scares the hunter away but clogs its feathers too.

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Argh! My feathers!

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT!

SINGING LESSONS

Your parents and teachers show you how to do things, and some animals teach their babies like this too. Meerkats hunt and eat scorpions. To teach their pups how to do it, an adult first gives the pup a dead scorpion to practice on, then a live one with its sting removed. The pup learns how to remove the sting by watching the adult.

Male birds often sing songs to attract a mate – and young male birds learn to sing by copying their dads! As they practice, their singing gets better and better.

Some baby spiders leave home by flying away on the wind.

Do the baby animals on these pages make you go Awwwwwwww? That’s not an accident. We’ve evolved to naturally want to love and care for anything that looks like a baby, as that helps our babies to survive!

BABY TALK

Human babies learn to talk by ‘babbling’ and making every kind of sound they can. As older people talk to them, they learn to copy and repeat our words.

Baba! Oo-ga! Na boo! Dug-ga! Bobo!

Try this quick experiment on a friend or family member. Collect five everyday objects and give each one a new, nonsense name. Then, without using any other words, try to teach the other person the new names for the things. How fast can they learn them all?

Spib

Dack

Baby milestones Milestones are the things babies can do at different ages, like crawling, walking and talking. Can you put them in the order they usually happen in? Check your answers on page 34. Say first word

Quez Saft

Roll over Walk Crawl Smile Sit up

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Kangaroos

AL ANIM S TIC

Our vet Joe Inglis has a bounce in his step as he heads down under to find out all about these awesome jumpers.

Kangaroos are large animals that live in Australia and New Guinea. There are four species, including the red kangaroo and eastern and western grey kangaroos. There are thought to be more than 40 million kangaroos living in Australia!

Different animals Unlike most other big land animals, kangaroos are marsupials. This group of animals looks after their young, called joeys, in pouches on their tummies.

Baby bouncers Newborn joeys are tiny – the size of a grape – and when they are born, they crawl through the thick fur on their mother’s stomach and into her pouch. The joey stays inside the pouch for four months, drinking its mother’s milk and growing until it is strong enough to start venturing out for short adventures.

10 months The age of a joey when it leaves its mother’s pouch for good

Hop a lot Australia is a big place and kangaroos have evolved a unique way of getting around – hopping. Unlike nearly all other animals that walk or run, kangaroos use their super-strong back legs to bounce their way around.

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The top speed of a hopping red kangaroo

Chewing it over

Kangaroos never need to go to the dentist because they can grow new teeth.

Kangaroos are herbivores, which means they only eat plants, such as grasses and shrubs. Like cows and sheep, kangaroos chew the cud to help digest the tough grasses they eat. This means food comes back up from their stomachs into their mouths for some extra chewing before it is swallowed again.

No burps please! Despite eating a very similar diet to cows, kangaroos don’t have the same impact on the climate. This is because they don’t burp out methane (a very damaging greenhouse gas) as they digest their food, like cows do. Scientists are hoping to be able to use the special bacteria in kangaroos’ stomachs to help reduce the amount of methane that cows burp out in the future.

Find these marsupials’ names in the grid. Circle any that you find and check the answers on page 34. Bandicoot Bettong Dunnart Kangaroo Koala Numbat Opossum

Come on mum, hop to it!

Did you know... A group of kangaroos is known as a mob!

M A

W A

Quokka Quoll Sugar glider Tasmanian devil Tree kangaroo Wallaby Wombat F

K M

H W

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W h ose b a b y?

Not all babies look like their parents – they’re usually a lot cuter! Can you match these little ones to their mum or dad?

2 Can you spot my mum?

I’m no ugly duckling!

My dad’s always hoppy!

You

I’m not much like my moth-er!

wouldn’t want a cuddle from my mum!

pu t

My dad’s a high flier!

Swan

Dog

9 10 11 12

Write the answers A-L into the boxes and then check them below. 1 J Ladybird larvae have a huge appetite for aphids. They can eat up to 100 of them every day.

My pup is pawsome! C

Dragonfly

Panda

2 E A few weeks after their chicks hatch, adult flamingos herd them into a large group called a crèche. The chicks are taken care of by a few adult birds and the parents return to feed them. 3 F In a species of frog called Darwin’s Frogs, the males protect their tadpoles by swallowing them and keeping them in their vocal sacs. Once they become froglets, the dad spits them out.

Flamingo

Frog

4 A Unlike many other hatchlings, cygnets (swan chicks) are able to see, walk and feed themselves as soon as they are born. You will often see cygnets hitching a ride on the back of their mum or dad! 5 D Panda cubs are born tiny, pink and hairless. When they move around, panda mothers have to carry their cubs in their paws or their mouths.

Mouse

Moth

7 H The Puss moth is named because it looks a bit like a fluffy cat. When threatened, their caterpillars wave their twin tails. They can even squirt formic acid at an attacker.

My pups are in the pink! I

6 K Bullhead sharks lay spiral-shaped egg cases. They have long tendrils, which help them attach to seaweed or rocks. The baby shark hatches out somewhere between five and nine months. (Scientist aren't sure exactly how long!)

Cat

Ladybird

8 L A baby porcupine is called a porcupette! At birth its quills are soft and hair-like but they stiffen into hard quills after a few weeks. 9 B Puppies can’t see or hear until they’re almost two weeks old. The brothers and sisters in a litter are not usually identical, but sometimes a litter can include twins. 10 G Female mice can start having babies when they are just two months old. Every year they can give birth to 150 pups, also known as pinkies!

Bullhead shark

Porcupine

11 C Dragonfly larvae breathe by sucking water in and out through their bottoms, because that’s where their gills are located. 12 I All kittens are born with blue-grey eyes but most will change colour before they are one year old. Some keep their blue eyes, especially cats that are white or mostly white.

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b... clu O C E

Emmi's

Turn a plastic bottle into a bunny basket to take on an Easter egg hunt!

MAKE AN EASTER BASKET You will need: • A large clean plastic bottle • Three scraps of fabric with the label removed about 45 cm long and • Scissors 2 cm wide • Used white envelopes or • Paint or felt tips scraps of white paper • String, pom-pom or more • PVA glue paper to make a tail • Paintbrush • Stapler

Draw two rabbit ears about 4 cm apart, starting 11 cm up from the bottom of the bottle. Draw a line between the two ears and then draw a line all the way around the back of the bottle, connecting the ears.

Ask an adult to help you cut along the lines on the bottle. Be careful as the edges may be sharp.

4 Tear the envelopes or scraps of paper into small pieces. Paint the outside of the bottle with PVA glue and cover with paper, making sure there are no gaps. Leave it to dry.

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To make a tail for your bunny, you could roll a piec e of string into a circ le and glue it to th e back of the bott le. There are lots of things you could use to make a bunn y tail; for example, scrunched-up pa per or a pom-pom – be creative!

Continued on page 21 ➜

PULLOUT BABIES

PULL OUT PAGES 17-20 AND GET MAKING!

KANGAROO SPINNER Trick your eyes with this kangaroo thaumatrope!

You will need: • • • •

Scissors Glue Hole punch or sharp pencil Two large rubber bands or two pieces of string

What you do: 1. Cut out the two circles and place circle 2 face down with the arrow pointing up (away from you). 2. Cover the back of circle 2 with glue. 3. With the picture on circle 1 facing you and the arrow on the back pointing up, stick circle 1 onto circle 2. The picture of the joey should look upside down. 4. Punch two holes into the sides of the circles where indicated, or make the holes with a sharp pencil. 5. Loop the rubber bands or string through the holes as shown.

6. Now twist the rubber bands back and forth between your thumbs and forefingers to spin the disc.

You should find: You’ll see the joey in its mother’s pouch! When the thaumatrope (meaning ‘spinning wonder’) turns quickly, it looks like the two pictures become one. This is because of persistence of vision. When you see an image, it is held on the retina in your eye for a fraction of a second. If you see another image quickly enough, the two pictures appear to make up a single image.

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BOUNCING RABBIT You will need: • The templates 1-5 • Scissors • Glue stick

What is out of bounds? A tired kangaroo!

What you do: 1. Cut out the templates. 2. To make the rabbit’s spring, place the ends of templates 4 and 5 at right angles and stick together with glue.

3. Fold one strip of paper over the top of the other one, then repeat with the other strip. Keep folding until you run out of paper.

Circle 1

4. Stick the ends together with glue to create a flat tab. You have made a paper spring.

Circle 2

5. Add glue to the back of template 1 and to both sides of the tab at the end of the spring. Place the tab where the rabbit’s neck would be and then stick template 2 onto template 1.

6. Glue the rabbit’s feet to the bottom of the spring.

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7. Once the glue is dry, hold the rabbit by the head and hop it up and down!

Template 1

Template 2

Template 4 Template 5

Template 3

You should find: Your rabbit bounces up and down because the folded paper is acting like a spring. A spring is an object that changes its shape when force is applied to it and then returns to its original shape when the force is removed. When you push down on your spring, the paper ‘coils’ are pushed more tightly together. As soon as it is released, it bounces back to its original shape.

What do you get when you pour hot water down a rabbit hole? Hot cross bunnies! Check your answers on page 34. 3. One rabbit saw one badger while going to the river. 1. You have one pet rabbit. It can have babies (known as kittens or One badger saw two foxes kits) once every month, with six kits going to the river. in each litter. How many rabbits do Every fox going to the river you have after 12 months? holds one fox cub in its mouth. 2. A kangaroo can jump 1.5 m high, How many animals are going to but can’t jump through a window the river? that’s 1 m high. Why not?

Riddles

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ANIMAL TANGRAMS

Cat

Rabbit

Horse

Swan

Dog

Dolphin

Cut out the coloured shapes and rearrange them to make these creatures.

Check your answers on page 34. Can you come up with some more animals of your own?

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To make a handle for your basket, knot the three scraps of fabric together at one end and then plait them together. Stop about 5 cm from the end and tie another knot.

I’d love to see your Easter basket! Take a photo and ask an adult to tag us on social media @whizzpopbangmag and email it to Y@whizzpopbang.com

Photos @ Jenna Williams

Ask an adult to help you attach the handle by stapling the loose ends to the basket next to the ears.

ECO

ideas...

Make a plant pot

Once you have finished with your Easter basket, you could give it a new lease of life as a pot for a houseplant or some herbs. Add some drainage holes to the bottom, fill it with compost and plant a houseplant or some seeds into it. Stand it on a saucer or plastic tray and place it on a sunny windowsill.

Continued from page 16

Use paint or felt-tip pens to add some pink to the middle of the ears, and draw on a nose, eyes and whiskers.

It’s up to us to save the planet. Lots of small actions can make a BIG difference!

Eco-friendly packaging Some Easter eggs come in plastic packaging. To help cut down on single-use plastic, ask your family to buy eggs that are only packaged in foil and cardboard, and recycle the cardboard afterwards. Clean foil can be recycled, or you could save it and reuse it in your next art project!

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➜

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

In my job I get to... save orphaned orangutans!

“

Dr Yenny Sara swati Wildlife vet

My mum inspired me to become a vet.

Yenny works as a senior vet for the Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (SOCP) in Indonesia, treating orphaned orangutans and training them for release back into the wild. If you have any questions of your own for Yenny, you can contact her on yenny.jaya@gmail.com

”

She is a teacher, but she likes to help stray cats. She feeds them and sometimes tries to treat sick cats with traditional medicine. I thought that if I became a vet, she would be happy because I could save many stray cats! Since college I have had an interest in wild animals. I read a lot about orangutans and how they have quite similar DNA to humans. Because of deforestation, the orangutans lose their home and food. People kill the orangutans (especially the adults) and capture the babies to keep them or sell them as pets.

“

On many occasions I have rescued orangutans or confiscated them from an illegal owner.

”

The SOCP works with the Indonesia Forestry Department to find Sumatran orangutans held illegally and reintroduce them back into the wild. It has built a special centre to prepare the orphaned orangutans for life in the wild. My job is to manage the orangutans’ medical issues in the rehabilitation and reintroduction centre. The orangutans can be as young as three days old or as old as 40 years.

We teach the orangutans basic skills they will need to survive in the wild.

22 whizzpopbang.com

Yenny holding Fiona (right) and Ramadhani (left)

in the quarantine and rehabilitation

centre.

”

Normally in the wild, baby orangutans will be protected by their mum until they are six or seven years old, but when they are separated from her, they lose their natural teacher. That’s why the SOCP’s rehabilitation and reintroduction programme is so important. We try to teach the orphaned orangutans skills, such as feeding, resting, travelling, nesting and social interaction.

“

Interview with a SCIENCE HERO

Before the orangutans are released into the forest, they go into the forest school.

”

Here they can climb, play, jump and eat. At first, they just explore the area by running around, climbing trees and sometimes rolling on the ground. They learn how to move from one tree to another and how to build a nest. They also learn how to process the forest food and how to behave around other animals such as monkeys, snakes or squirrels.

“

Many of the orphaned orangutans are very afraid of humans...

”

...but a few of them arrive in good condition. When they arrive, we will assess their mental state and treat them if they have any wounds or sickness. Some arrive with several conditions, such as malnutrition (having not been fed properly) and dehydration. We have special animal keepers for babies under five months old. If the orphan is afraid, we will use a big doll (a monkey or bear doll) to mimic its mother so the orangutan can cuddle it and be comforted by it. If the orphan feels comfortable near humans, the animal keeper will be at their side. In the baby house facility, the orphans are monitored until they are healthy, usually for three months in the beginning. After that, we will introduce them to other orphans and they will stay together as a group. The orangutans stay with us for about four or five years and then we assess them to see if they are ready to be released into the wild.

hool. Orangutans playing in forest sc

We use a pretend snake to teach the orangutans about dangerous predators.

”

For orphaned orangutans, predators like tigers or snakes are one of the biggest dangers they will face in the wild. We hide a dummy snake in the forest school area and then show them a scared reaction, such as running away or throwing a branch. Some orangutans do not believe us and come closer to the dummy and try to touch it. If this happens, we will scream and run and the orangutans will follow us and leave the dummy.

Cuddles in the quarantine an

d rehabilitation centre.

“

Being a wildlife vet means saving our planet and giving animals a better life.

”

Every animal has a role to play in our lives, so if we destroy them, it will affect others. Helping to rescue animals gives them Find out smore about m. xxxxxx and freedo tunitie oppor

whizzpopbang.com 23

HOW STUFF

WORKS

Ultrasound scanners Doctors and vets use ultrasound scanners to check on human and animal babies before they are born, using sound waves to look inside the mother’s tummy. Here’s how these amazing baby-scanning machines work…

2 1

The scanner is operated using a control panel with a keyboard and control dials.

A powerful computer controls the ultrasound produced by the scanner and analyses the results of the scan.

Ultrasound scanners aren’t just used in pregnancy. They can be used to see inside other parts of your body too, to check that you’re healthy.

A small printer can print out a picture of the scan so the proud parent can take it home to show their family and friends!

24 whizzpopbang.com

Back at the computer, the signals from the crystals are analysed and turned into pictures, which are displayed on the screen. Vets or doctors use the pictures to check that the babies are growing healthily.

5 The transducer is the device which the doctor or vet presses onto their patient’s tummy.

Inside the transducer, special

crystals vibrate when the computer sends an electrical signal along the cable. The vibrating crystals create ultrasonic waves. These are just very, very high-pitched sound waves – much too high for any person or animal to hear.

A cable connects the computer to the transducer.

When the reflected ultrasonic waves get back to the transducer, they make the crystals vibrate again which produces a tiny electrical current. This electrical signal is sent back along the cable to the computer. This process happens more than 1,000 times every second!

The ultrasonic waves pass through a layer of special gel which the doctor or vet puts on the patient’s skin. This helps the waves pass through the skin rather than bouncing off.

Inside the person or animal, the

ultrasonic waves pass through the

tissues until they get reflected back when they meet the edge of something solid, such as a bone, an internal organ like the heart or liver, or a baby! Unlike X-rays which can be dangerous in high doses, ultrasonic waves are completely harmless.

whizzpopbang.com 25

g... in z a m A ly e m o s e w A 0 1

B E V A H O T S Y A W ths, last for about 9 mon Human pregnancies m has come up with but the animal kingdo reproduce… many other ways to

Seahorses are really unusual because instead of the female having babies, the male seahorse develops the eggs in a special pouch for about two weeks before giving birth.

2 4

Elephants have the longest pregnancies of all mammals, with some elephants being pregnant for up to two years. Because of their size, baby elephants take a long time to develop.

The female Surinam toad carries eggs on her back. They are protected by a layer of skin until the babies hatch out, pushing their way through holes.

Hamsters

are only pregnant for a very short time and can have babies in around 16 to 21 days depending on the breed.

Most snakes lay eggs and look after and protect them until they hatch, but some species of snake, like the anaconda, give birth to live babies instead.

S E I B A B E

Like kangaroos, koalas are born when they’re very tiny. The joey climbs into its mother’s pouch where it feeds and develops.

The blue whale is the largest animal in the world and produces the biggest babies too! When they are born, they are around 7 metres long (about the length of a minibus!).

Mouthbrooder fish, like the jawfish, carry their eggs in their mouths! After the female jawfish has laid her eggs, the male keeps them inside his mouth until they hatch.

The African driver ant can produce around 3 to 4 million eggs a month! After the queen ant has laid her eggs, the larvae are carried by worker ants.

The gastric brooding frog, which lived in Australia but is now extinct, swallowed its eggs and kept them safe in its stomach before giving birth through its mouth.

© 1. Rich Carey / Shutterstock.com, 2. SasinTipchai / Shutterstock.com, 3. Dan Olsen / Shutterstock.com, 4. Lepas / Shutterstock.com, 5. Nynke van Holten / Shutterstock.com, 6. Chase Dekker / Shutterstock.com, 7. EQRoy / Shutterstock.com, 8. SergeUWPhoto / Shutterstock.com, 9. Marius Dobilas / Shutterstock.com, 10. Robert W.G Jenkins and the Australian Museum.

whizzpopbang.com 27

Sensational Scientists

ROSALIND FRANKLIN WAS BORN IN 1920 IN LONDON, ENGLAND.

By Claire Cock-Starkey

ROSALIND FRANKLIN

Babies look like their parents because of the DNA they inherit from them. Meet one of the scientists who helped discover the structure of DNA – and a whole lot more. Rosalind was a clever child who loved maths and science. Her father did not want her to go to university, but Rosalind was determined to become a scientist. In 1938, she got a place to study physics and chemistry at Cambridge University. After she left Cambridge, Rosalind went to work in Paris, France, where she learned how to use X-ray crystallography. When broken bones are scanned in hospital, an X-ray beam travels through the body, passing through the soft parts but bouncing off the hard bones. The beam hits a photographic plate, producing an image which shows the structure of the bone.

In X-ray crystallography, an X-ray beam is fired through a crystal. The crystal splits the beam into a pattern which is recorded on the photographic plate. The type of pattern formed depends on the atomic structure of the crystal.

Diffracted (split and scattered) rays

Photographic film

X-ray beam

Crystallised DNA molecule

28 whizzpopbang.com

Each dot represents the position of an atom

In 1950, Rosalind moved to King’s College in London to start investigating the structure of DNA using X-ray crystallography. This was one of the biggest mysteries in science at that time. Scientists already knew that DNA contained the genetic code needed to build living things, but researchers all over the world were now racing to solve the problem of what DNA molecules actually looked like.

Rosalind was working with a PhD student called Raymond Gosling, and together they took what would become the most important photograph of DNA. This X-ray crystallography image of a DNA molecule became known as Photo 51 (the fifty-first image they had taken).

The image was shown to another scientist called James Watson from Cambridge University, who was also trying to discover the structure of DNA. When Watson saw the photo, he immediately realised that DNA must have a double-helix structure. This discovery was so important it became known as ‘the secret of life’.

DNA double-helix

Watson and his colleague Francis Crick used Rosalind’s image, alongside their own research, to create a model of DNA. In 1953, they revealed their discovery to the world by publishing their findings in the journal Nature. Rosalind’s own work was also published in the journal, but many years later when Watson and Crick were awarded the Nobel Prize, Rosalind’s huge contribution was ignored. Most scientific discoveries are the result of teamwork, rather than the efforts of just one person. Without Rosalind’s photo and the hard work of other scientists across the world, Watson and Crick would not have been able to make their famous discovery.

Rosalind went on to do more important research into the structure of viruses and travelled the world sharing her knowledge. Tragically, her career was cut short when she died of cancer at the age of 37.

Although Rosalind never won a Nobel Prize, her important part in the discovery of the structure of DNA is now recognised. Her huge contribution to science is celebrated in the many awards and scientific buildings named in her honour. Scientists are working on a Mars rover named the Rosalind Franklin, which they hope will one day search the red planet for the building blocks of life. .

Email me at Y@whizzpopbang.com

der Club! Welcome to Y’s Won to share your This page is for you with our adventures in science hizz Pop Bang robot, Y, and other W atured on readers! Everyone fe an this page will receive e! enamel pin badg

AS K Y, What

kinds of galaxies have black holes in them?

Erik, aged 9

F oR

CURIoUS K I DS

Here are some awesome inventions you have come up with yourself… Barney, this aged 6, made se u hedgehog ho fe li d il for his W . ge ad b Watcher

Samuel, ned ed ag 8, desig er ff u b the perfect ns ai tr e th to stop e th ff o g in com tracks.

Scientists think that almost every large galaxy has a super m assive black hole (SM BH) at the centre. The Milk yW has one, but not all sp ay (our galaxy) iral galaxies do – a few have smaller on es or none at all. All the elliptical gala xies observed have a SMBH, but only som e irregular galaxi es do. It seems that altho ugh black holes were important in galaxy formation in the early universe, they are no t needed to hold them together. Basically, Eri k, we won’t know un til we’ve looked at them all, and with 125 billio n galaxies in the observ able going to take some tim universe, that’s e!

Oscar, aged 7, it made this su d ar o b rd from ca e m ca at th boxes . in the post

Y’s Wonder Club Badges Help local wildlife to earn your Wildlife Watcher badge.

Investigate scientific questions to earn your Super Scientist badge.

Collectable enamel badges for you to earn! Help save the planet to earn your Eco Hero badge.

DE AR Y, When I hear a loud or startling sound, I always blink, even if I try not to. Why is this so?

S TA R R L ET T E

e You’v a won r! e bind

Arnav, aged 9

Arthur, aged 6, made some bath salts for his nan and grandma.

You can’t stop yourself, Arnav, because it’s what we call a reflex action. It is your body reacting automatically to a threat. It happens so quickly (about one hundredth of a second) that you don’t have time to think about it. A sudden loud sound could be a sign something is going to hurt you. Humans developed this reflex because it helps to keep our eyes safe, which could help to keep us alive. Closing your eyes in response to bright light is not a reflex – your brain is involved in the decision and that’s why it takes longer.

Priscilla, aged 7, craft ed the pop-up card from Issue 77.

Kiran, aged 5, made gurgling gloop.

I love all the fantastic pictures of your magic potions from our Fizz Bubble Boom edition (Issue 77)

H I, Y !

Would a tin fo fly better than a pape il plane r plane?

Areej, aged 10 Real planes and kitch

en foil are both mad e from aluminium (a metall ic element). A

sheet of foil weighs about half as much as the same sized piece of printer paper. If you make a plane from each usin g the same size and design, both will have the same lift (u pwards force) and drag (air resistan ce). To keep a plane fly ing level, the lift needs to balance the weight. The mor e weight a plane has, the more lift is ne eded. Why not try it out and let us know your findings?

Get problem solving to earn your Epic Engineer badge.

Write a report or a review to earn your Science Reporter badge.

Evie, aged 6, mad e the changin g chocolate sauce – look s delicious!

Rose, aged 7, added more fizzy tablets ng to her gurgli . p o glo

Send your experiments, ideas, photos, reviews and questions to Y@whizzpopbang.com or Y, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Don’t forget to include your name, age and address. We can’t return any post, sorry.

To find out how to earn your badges, go to whizzpopbang.com/wonder-club. Schools can get involved too! Find out how here: bit.ly/39xNQ Q qV

whizzpopbang.com 31

um/ Test your m to dad/kitten

How much can you remember from this issue?

see what they know!

1 3

Test your knowledge with our super-duper quiz. Just tick the answers you think are correct, mark them using the answers on page 34 and then add up your score. If you need some help, check out the hints at the bottom of the page.

What is a baby porcupine called? a) A porcupette

How long is a baby blue whale when it is born? a) About 14 m

b) A porcupig

bout 2 m b) A

c) A porcupiddle

c) About 7 m

What do worker honeybees feed baby bees?

How did Rosalind Franklin take a photo of DNA? a) Using a very

ee cheese a) B

powerful microscope

ee milk b) B

b) U sing X-ray

crystallography

c) Bee bread

What is a group of kangaroos called? a) A mob

c) U sing the first

b) A jump

-rays a) X ound waves b) S adio waves c) R

digital camera

How do fulmar chicks scare away predators?

a) They spray them with poo m

b) They squirt oily vomit at the

c) A bunch

und What do ultraso see scanners use to ’s inside a mother tummy?

Why couldn’t the foal sing? She was a little hoarse!

hey throw stones at them c) T

How do dragonfly larvae breathe?

a) Through their bottoms

b) Through a tube that ac ts like a snorkel c) Through a blowhole on the tops of their heads

Need a hint? Find the answers by reading these pages… 1) Page 15 2) Page 27 3) Page 8 4) Page 29 5) Page 13 6) Page 10 7) Page 24 8) Page 15

Answers on page 34.

I scored: .......... 1-3: Egg-cellent! 4-6: E gg-straordinary! 7-8: Egg-ceptional!

What do baby rabbits play at school?

We’ve got six fantastic kits from Sea-Monkeys to give away. To be in with a chance of winning one, fill in the crossword grid to find the answer to this joke…

The group of animals that produce milk to feed their young

Answer

Mammals that have pouches for their growing young are called...

! IN

Easter crossword

The hard outside of a bird’s egg

(hint – see page 12!)

A baby chicken is called this

The animal that gives birth to piglets

The yellow or orange supply of food inside a bird’s egg

A baby horse is called a…

Sea-Monkeys kit Watch a full life cycle in action! This kit from sea-monkeys.com contains everything you’ll need, including eggs, a tank, a light, water purifier and food; just add water! The Sea-Monkeys (a type of brine shrimp) are in a kind of suspended animation called cryptobiosis until you put them into water. Then follow the instructions and watch them grow as you feed them.

WINNERS

Issue 79 competition winners Thank you to all of you who sent in your entries to our Weather competition. Lightning bolt D was hitting the lightning rod on the building. These five lucky winners will each receive a fantastic weather station from brightminds.co.uk. Adriano Amato, 7 Serena Odiah, 8 Jack James, 9

Spencer Snape, 10 Tabitha Brown, 11

Send your answer to win@whizzpopbang.com with ‘Easter competition’ as the subject of your email. Alternatively, post your entry to Easter competition, Whizz Pop Bang, Unit 7, Global Business Park, 14 Wilkinson Road, Cirencester, GL7 1YZ. Please don’t forget to include your name, age and address. Deadline: May 8th 2022. UK residents only. Full terms and conditions available at whizzpopbang.com

whizzpopbang.com 33

all What do you c y a group of bab soldiers? The infant-ry!

JOKES Why did the police officer’s baby refu se to go to sleep? She was resistin g a rest!

Why do baby big gorillas have nostrils? y Because the ! ers have big fing

bies Why do ba s? ie wear napp ns – Two reaso nd a number 1 ! number 2

What did the doctor say to th pregnant goat e ? “You’re kiddin g!”

What did t h say to her e cow calf ? “It’s pastu re bedtime!”

Page 7 – True/Untrue

Page 11 – True/Untrue

TRUE: It’s called an egg tooth and it disappears as the baby grows up.

TRUE: Spiderlings (baby spiders) let out a long thread of silk to catch the wind and carry them away. It’s called ‘ballooning’.

Page 7 – Baby names puzzle

Page 11 – Baby milestones puzzle

Kangaroo

Kitten

Hare

Kid

Goat

Joey

Penguin

Leveret

Elephant

Chick

1) Smile 2) Roll over 3) Sit up 4) Crawl 5) First word 6) Walk

Rabbit

Calf

Page 13 – True/Untrue

Page 9 – Prairie pups puzzle

(1-3 months) (5-6 months) (6-7 months) (7-9 months) (10-12 months) (12-14 months)

TRUE: When kangaroos’ teeth get worn out, they drop out and are replaced by new ones growing at the back of their mouths! Page 13 – Marsupials word search T

W A

M A L

K M

Page 9 – True/Untrue

H W

UNTRUE: The biggest bald eagle nest ever measured was as tall as a house! It was an amazing 6 metres high.

Answers Page 19 – Riddles 1) One – you started with only one rabbit and it takes two rabbits to breed. 2) Because the window is closed! 3) Five – the rabbit, two foxes and two fox cubs are going to the river, but the badger is not. The rabbit saw the badger ‘while going to the river’ so the badger was not going to the river. Page 20 – Animal tangrams Possible answers below.

Page 32 – Quiz 1) a 2) c 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) b 8) a

Hitching a ride! It might look like this Nile crocodile is about to eat her baby, but in fact she’s being a very caring mother. The fearsome reptile is gently carrying her hatchling from its nest to the river. She will have to make more than one trip, as she will have laid between 25 and 80 eggs. The mother stays near the nest for three months, defending it from any predators. Then, when she hears squeaks from inside the nest, she digs down to free the hatchlings. Once her babies are all carried safely to water, the mother stays nearby to protect them for up to 2 years, when they will be big enough to look after themselves.

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