Ubumenyi bw’ibanze buhabwa abakangurambaga b’ubuzima
UBUSHYE
Hashize iminsi ine ahiye
Ibigomba gukorerwa agashya.
Hashize iminsi icumi avurwa
Hashize amezi abili avurwa
umuntu ugize impanuka
1.
Ku mutandukanya n’umuliro umwigizayo cyanga wigizayo umuliro. -Kuzimya ibilimi by’umuliro ako kanya. -Imyambaroye no kuyimwambura. Uyimwainbbura vuba.
2.
Gukoresha ku bushye bwose uko bumgana agatambaro gatose mu mazi akonje buhoro buhoro.
3.
Kugereranya uko ubushye bungana núburyo bubabaje mo bityo ubushye bugashyirwa mu byiciro bine, aribyo ibi bikurikira: Dogere ya mbere: Umuntu aba yababutse gusa; aho yahiye ugasanga hasa n’umutuku ariko hatatutitse. Dogere ya kabili: Muri icyo cyiciro, ubushye buba bututitse cyangwa uruhu rukaba rwavuyeho. Dogere ya gatatu: Uwahiye aba yakongotse kuburyo imitsi n’indi miyoboro y’amaraso iba igaragara. Dogere ya kane: Uwahiye aba yakongotse ajya gusa n’amakara.
Icyitonderwa: Umwana muto afite uruhu rworoshye. Iyo ahiye n’ubwo wakwibwira ko ali hato, halimo no gututika, umuhozesha agatumbarogatose mu mazi akonje, nyuma ukanujyana ku ivuliro.
KUVURA IMPISWI Guhitwa byoroheje bikizwa no kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ihagije, kimwe no kunywa ibinyobwa byinshi. Mu gihe umwana ndetse n’umuntu mukuru barwaye impiswi aliko italimo amaraso kandi bataruka cyane, bashobora gukilira i muhira batiliwe bajya kwa muganga. Umuntu wese uhitwa atakaza amazi menshi cyane yo mu mubili we; bityo rero icy’ingenzi kigomba gukorwa ni ukumulinda ubukamuke bw’umubili agahabwa ibinyobwa, umubiliwe ugasubira uko usanzwe. Muli ibyo binyobwa ahabwa by’inyongera bidasanzwe twavuga nk’amashereka, ibikoma by’ibinyampeke cyangwa amasupu yabyo cyane cyane usupu y’umuceli, icyayi, isupu y’imboga rwatsi, kurusha kumuha amazi magezi yonyine n’ubwo nayo ali meza.
Umurwayi akomeza guhabwa ibinyobwa uko bishoboka kwose;aliko kumuha nibura igikombe kimwe nyuma ya buli kwituma ni ingenzi. Gufasha umubili kwisubiza ni ugukomeza guha umurwayi igaburo rilimo ibilibwa bilinda, ibikomeza, n’ibyubaka umubili uhereye cyane cyane k’ubyo umurwayi yumva ashaka.
NI GIHE KI BIBA NGOMBWA KO UHITWA AJYANWA KU IVULIRO?
Iyo bigaragaye ko umurwayi adashobora kunywa kandi arushaho gukamuka; Iyo aruka cyane; Iyo mubyo yituma halimo amaraso; Iyo alibwa cyane mu nda.
IBIMENYETSO BY’UBUKAMUKE BW’UMUBILI
Kugira inyota; Gutangira kujya gusoba hashize umwanya munini; Kuma iminwa; Kugira uruhu rukururwa ntirwimanure vuba; Gutebera igiholiholi ku mpinja.
KWILINDA IMPISWI
Guhitwa ni iki? Guhitwa ni ukwituma buli kanya umwanda woroshye cyane uba ugizwe ahanini n’amazi. Aliko hashobora kuzamo n’amaraso. Uhitwa atakaza amazi menshi, akamererwa nabi, uruhu rugakamuka. Iyo bikomeje bityo ubutitsa, ashobora no gupfa. Ni buryo ki umuntu afatwa n’impiswi? Impiswi iterwa no gufata ifunguro ryanduye, ni ukuvuga lilimo udukoko duto cyane tutaboneshwa ijisho gusa. [Urugero: amagi y’inzoka, amibe, bacteries, na za virus] dukwirakwizwa n’amasazi aba avuye ku myanda yitumwe n’abantu cyagwa n’ inyamaswa. Ikindi ni uko indyo nkene nayo ishobora kuba impamvu yo guhitwa. Ni buryo kitwakwilinda impiswi? ☼ Kunywa amazi meza atarimo twa dukoko twanduza. ☼ Kugira isuku dukaraba intoki hakoreshejwe amazi meza n’isabune mbere yo gutegura ibyo kurya na mbere yo kurya. Tugomba no kwiyuhagira kenshi umubili wose. ☼ Tugomba kumenyera kwituma mu misarani ikozwe neza; ni ukuvuga ipfundikiye, isakaye, miremire bihagije, aho kwituma mu bisambu. ☼ Ibyo turya bigomba kubikwa ahantu hitaruye amasazi hamwe n’utundi dukoko twanduza tuva kuli ya myanda yavuzwe haruguru. Indyo nkene. Indyo nkene itera abantu kugira intege nke, kandi nk’ uko twabivuze haruguru igatuma n’impiswi irushaho gukaza umurego. Twayilinda dute? Ababyeyi bonsa abana bagomba kubaha amashereka gusa nta zindi nyongera z’ibilibwa cyangwa z’ ibinyobwa kugeza nibura ku mezi atandatu avutse. Nyuma y’icyo gihe, umwana agomba noneho kugabulirwa indyo yuzuye, aliko agakomeza no konka igihe cyose abishatse. Indyo yuzuye iba imeze ite? A) Iba igizwe n’ibilibwa bitera imbaraga: cyane cyane ibinyabijumba, twavuga nk’ibirayi, ibijumba, kimwe n’ibinyampeke nk’ingano, ibigoli, umuceli ect…… B) Iba kandi igizwe n’ibilibwa bilinda indwara: ni ukuvuga bifite za proteyine bita ibivumbikisho, biboneka cyane cyane mu mboga, ubunyobwa, kimwe n’ibikomoka ku nyamaswa, nk’amata, inyama ect…. C) Igizwe kandi n’ibilibwa byubaka umubili: ni ukuvuga bilimo za vitamines n’imyunyu; twavuga nk’amapapayi, kenshi no mu bimera.
AMATWI UGUTWI:
ugutwi ni kimwe mu bice by’umubiri w’umuntu gishinzwe gutuma yumva ibivuzwe kimwe n’izindi nsaku zose. Dushobora kurinda dute amatwi yacu gupfa? Iyo hagize ikintu cy’impanuka cyinjira mu gutwi hakorwa iki? 1.
Ikintu cyinjiye mu gutwi iyo ukireba n’amaso, ushobo ra kugikuruza ipensi;
2.
Iyo ugerageje kukivanamo ntibikunde, ni byiza guhita werekeza kwa muganga;
3.
Iyo icyinjiye mu gutwi cyahenengeye utakibona, utwara umurwayi kwa muganga. ICYITONDERWA: Birabujijwe gupfurika mu matwi ibintu ibyo ari byose. Urugero: ibiti, ibifuniko by’amakaramu ect…. uretse ibyabugenewe.
ZIMWE MU NDWARA Z’AMATWI Iyo ufite ikibazo (infection) mu gutwi kw’inyuma IBIMENYETSO 1. Umurwayi ababara ugutwi iyo agize icyo ahekenya (akanjakanja). 2. Iyo ukuruye ugutwi kwe araribwa. 3. Mu muyoboro w’ugutwi haramubabaza. UMUTI 1. Kuvanga amazi meza n’amavuta ya vinegeri Ku kiyiko, urwaye agafata ibitonyanga 3 buli munsi, iminsi 5 mu gitondo, saa sita na nimugoroba. 2. Ubwo buryo buvuzwe haruguru iyo butamworohereje ajyanwa kwa muganga.
IYO HAFASHWE UGUTWI KWO HAGATI: IBIMENYETSO: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Kubabara byumvikanira mu gutwi hagati, kabone n’ubwo utakurura ugutwi. Umurwayi ababara mu igufwa ry’ inyuma y’ ugutwi. Usanga abana basuhereye, batonka neza. Kugira umuliro urenze igipimo. Gupfunyapfunyika ugutwi no guhozaho ikiganza.
Icyo gihe ni ngombwa kugana muganga.
Duhagurukire gusuzumisha abana bacu amatwi kwa muganga, kabone n’ubwo baba bagaragara ko ali bazima, kuko hali igihe bashobora gupfa amatwi iyo icyo kibazo kimenyekanye impitagihe.
Inyigisho mu Bijyanye no Kubyara Minisiteri y’Ubuzima ihora ishishikariza abanyarwanda gahunda yo kuringanyiza urubyaro no kubungabunga ubuzima bw’umubyeyi utwite kuva asamye kugera abyariye kwa mu ganga. Umubyeyi utwite agomba kwisuzumisha, kwikingiza, ndetse akabyarira kwa mu ganga kugirango ubuzima bwe n’ubw’umwana we burusheho kwitabwaho bityo hakumirwe ingaruka zose mbi zishobora kuba kubatabyariye kwa muganga harimo n’urupfu. Muri iyi nyigisho turibwibande ku mpamvu umubyeyi agomba kubyarira kwa muganga.
I.
GUSHISHIKARIZA ABABYEYI KUBYARIRA KWA MUGANGA
Mu nyigisho dutanga mu gihe ababyeyi baje kwipimisha, tubashishikariza kuza kubyarira kwa Muganga mu rwego rwo kwilinda ingaruka zishobora kuvuka mbere na nyuma yo kubyara. Gusobanulira ababyeyi zimwe muli izo ngaruka:
↑ Gutakaza amaraso biturutse ku ngobyi ibyara itameze neza
↑
↑
Gutakaza amaraso biturutse ku gusaduka kwa nyababyeyi
Kwitambika munda k’umwana
↑ Kwicara nabi k’umwana mu inda ya nyina ↓
← Gusohoka k’urureri mbere y’uko umwana asohoka
INGARUKA MBERE YO KUBYARA 1. Gushwanyuka kw’imyanya ndangabitsina [dechirures] 2. Gusaduka kwa nyababyeyi 3. Umubyeyi utabyariye kwa Muganga ashobora kwandura SIDA 4. Iyo ubyariye mu rugo yanduye indwara zandura nka SIDA n’ izindi, ashobora kwanduza abandi baje kumufasha kuko baba batikingiye [se proteger] cyangwa nabo bakamwanduza. Urugero nk’igihe ufite igikomere mu kiganza ushobora kwandura kuko ntabwo uba wikingiye. 5. Gupfa k’umubyeyi cyangwa umwana 6. Umwana ashobora kuvuka ananiwe cyangwa se yapfuye 7. Umubyeyi utabyariye kwa Muganga ashobora kwandura tetanus hamwe n’ Umwana kuko aba yabyaliye ahantu hatabugenewe akenshi haba hali umwanda indwara zanduliramo.
INGARUKA NYUMA YO KUBYARA Umubyeyi ashobora kugira umuvuduko w’amaraso ukabije wamuviramo no gupfa. Kubyarira I muhira bishobora gutuma umubyeyi yandura za micribes z’amoko anyuranye, bityo bikanduza n’imyanya ndangabitsina. [Infection post partum]
II. IBYIZA BYO KUBYALIRA KWA MUGANGA
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Birinda imfu ku bana no ku babyeyi. Birinda kwandura indwara zishobora kuboneka mu gihe cyo kubyara na nyuma yaho. Umubyeyi araruhuka ,akitabwaho kandi agakulikiranwa neza. Agirwa inama zo kuboneza imbyaro. Umwana akulikiranwa neza, agahabwa umuti w’amaso, urukingo rw’igituntu n’imbasa.
Document prepared by CCHIPS in collaboration with Chantal UWIBAMBE ©2007 May be reprinted for non commercial use without permission.
Uburwayi bwo mu nda buterwa n’inzoka I. Iriburiro: Nkuko bimenyerewe, abaturage bivuza muri C.S. ya Bisate bakunze kurwara mu nda. Ariko abenshi biterwa n’inzoka kandi izo nzoka ziterwa n’umwanda, bityo bagafatwa n’impiswi ikaba icyorezo gifata cyane cyane abana n’abagore kandi kikica abantu benshi aliyo mpamvu tugomba kwilinda umwanda. II. Uburyo umuntu yandura: Hari uburyo umuntu yandura bwinshi burimo ubu bukurikira: ☼ ☼ ☼ ☼
Kunywa amazi adatetse cg adasukuye Kurisha intoke zidasukuye Kugendesha ibirenge gusa Imisarane idapfundikiye isazi zigatwara amagi cg ibikonoshwa bya zimwe muri izo nzoka ☼ Kwituma ahantu hatabigenewe ☼ Kurya ibiryo bibisi nk’imboga cyangwa inyama III.
Inzira tuzanduliramo: ☼ Hari inzira y’urwungano rw’igogora (voie digestive) iyo umuntu akoresheje intoki zidasukuye bityo amagi y’inzoka (oeufs de parasites) cyangwa ibikonoshwa bya amibes (kystes d’amibes) bikamanukana n’ibyo kurya umuntu akandura. Uwo mwanda ukunze kuboneka ahantu hatarangwa imisarani kimwe n’aho iba aliko idasukuye. ☼ Kurya inyama cyanga imboga bidahiye neza kimwe n’imbuto zitaronze. ☼ Hali ubwoko bw’inzoka bushobora no kwinjirira mu ruhu kubatambara inkweto. Izo nzoka zinyura mu rwungano nyamaraso, nyuma zigaca mu buhumekero, zigasubira mu igogorwa.
IV.
Ubwoko bw’inzoka: 1. Inzoka zandulira mu biryo biteguye nabi (bidasukuye) Tenia saginata (iterwa n’inyama mbisi cyanga zidahiye neza) Tenia solium (iterwa nayo n’inyama mbisi cyangwa zidahiye)
2. Inzoka zandulira mu igogorwa
Ascaris Lumbricoides (Roundworm)
Trichirus trichiura (Tricocephale)
3. Inzoka zandulira mu ruhu
Strongyloides Steridoris (Angullule)
Ankylostome duodenal
Entamoeba (amibe)
Uko twakwirinda inzoka Kugira ngo twilinde inzoka, tugomba kurangwa n’isuku muli byose n’aho aliho hose cyana cyane: ☼ Dukaraba intoki n’amazi meza n’isabune ☼ Twoza neza ibikoresho byo mu gikoni n’ibyo kumeza ☼ Kuronga imbuto mbere yo kuzirya ☼ Kwituma mu misarani isukuye kandi yujuje ibyangombwa ☼ Kunywa amazi atetse kandi akabikwa mu bikoresho bisukuye ☼ Gukaraba intoki uvuye kwituma cyangwa waramukanije n’abantu, mbere yo kurya. Mbere
Mbere
Nyuma
Kwivuza inzoka Mu gihe twumva tubabara mu nda, dukwiye kujya kwa Muganga akadupima, yasanga dufite inzoka akaduha ibinini byo kuzica kuko zikenyanza ubuzima bwacu zitunyunyuza. Dusabwe no kwitabira gahunda za Minisiteri y’ubuzima mu gihe cy’ivura rusange tugahabwa ikinini cy’inzoka (Traitement en masse). Document prepared by CCHIPS in collaboration with Jean Baptist NDIKUBWIMANA©2007 May be reprinted for non commercial use without permission.