2013 Clemson, sc
seed: social economic environmental design
Y BEACH SITE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
SOCIAL ECONOMICAL ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
DUMPSTER
DUMPSTER
GRADUATE HOUSING PROJECT Located on the west entry to campus on the edge of Lake Hartwell, SEED [social economical environmental design] Housing proposes a new living paradigm for graduate students and faculty. Many come to Clemson for the rural, laid-back atmosphere it provides, but there are few areas in which to enjoy this lifestyle as a residential community. By injecting life into the area with residents, Y Beach could become the missing piece of the “Clemson Experience.” SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY To take advantage of the unique landscape, clusters of units are spread out to create smaller, close-knit communities distinct to the three site experiences of forest, lake and meadow. The location-specific combinations respond to existing vegetation, topography, views, privacy, and solar orientation. To encourage interaction with the landscape in this mild climate, outdoor spaces are given priority through offering three levels of green space: private terraces, shared courtyards, and public parks.
Y BEACH RECREATIONAL SITE
ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY Scaled down indoor living offers economical benefits as well, which are crucial to the success of campus housing. Additionally, only two unit types – a single and a double – create the diverse combinations, making construction quick, low cost and easy without sacrificing uniqueness. The units consist of four exterior walls with a prefabricated core anchoring the center. The core contains all living functions and organizes the interior space. Passive and active design as well as CLT construction further support economic sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Smaller living spaces are also crucial to environmental sustainability, as they require significantly less energy. The highly insulated units are oriented North/South for optimal daylighting with controlled heat gain. Natural ventilation, a high efficiency geothermal heat pump, recycled materials, and CLT construction [a low-energy, low-waste and renewable method] all further this goal. PV panels and rainwater collection provide energy and water for all units. The entire development thus embraces a zero-energy concept as the future of sustainable campus housing.
3
A DJ ACENCIES RESEARCH RECREATION ACADEMIC
3
EXPERIENCES LAKE FOREST MEADOW
3
LE VELS OF GREENERY TERRACE COURTYARD PARK
DESIGN STRATEGY
THE HOUSING STANDARD
SIZE DOWN LIVING AREA
AVOID TYPICAL MULTI-FAMILY MASSING
OFFERS EFFICIENCY, LOWER COST AND LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION
SMALL COMMUNITIES
BREAK UP MASS TO CREATE CLOSE KNIT CLUSTERS
SHARED EXTERIOR SPACES
ENCOURAGE OUTDOOR LIVING WITH LARGE TERRACES, DOCKS, FIELDS AND COURTYARDS
COST ENERGY BUILD TIME COST ENERGY BUILD TIME
ORIENT N/S
OPTIMAL ORIENTATION FOR SOLAR CONTROL WITH FOREST, LAKE AND MEADOW VIEWS
SIMPLE UNIT + PREFAB CORE
FAST, STANDARDIZED AND LOW COST CONSTRUCTION
SELF-SUSTAINING
RAINWATER COLLECTION, PV POWER, GEOTHERMAL, DAYLIGHT, NATURAL VENTILATION, HIGHLY INSULATED, RECYCLED MATERIALS, SOLAR SHADING
LOW COST, ENERGY, & BUILD TIME ALL STRATEGIES WORK TOGETHER FOR EFFICIENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
LIVING UNITS
108
1 BED / 1 BATH
SINGLE UNIT 585 SF 1/4” = 1’-0”
72
8
2 BED / 1 BATH
DOUBLE UNIT 925 SF
3 BED / 2 BATH
TRIPLE UNIT 1550 SF
1/4” = 1’-0”
1/4” = 1’-0”
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
LIVING ROOM KITCHEN DINING MECHANICAL BATHROOM
WASHER/DRYER CLOSET BEDROOM CLOSET STORAGE WALL TERRACE
7
8
7
7 8
9
4
4 5
8
6 2
3 1
10
1
LOFT 153 FT 2: FIXED LADDER FOR ACCESS
NUCLEUS / FUNCTIONS & SPACES 17’ x 9’
BATHROOM 56 FT 2: PEDESTAL SINK, TOILET, STANDING SHOWER
KITCHEN 13 LFT: 112 FT 3 STORAGE, ENERGY STAR: RANGE, FULL-SIZE REFRIGERATOR, MICROWAVE
DOUBLE UNIT
SINGLE UNIT
STORAGE & UTILITY CLOSET 23 FT 2: STACKING WASHER/DRYER, 5 LFT HANGING STORAGE
UNITS
CORE
TERRACE LIVING ROOM BEDROOM STORAGE WALL CIRCULATION CORE
CLOSET WASHER / DRYER KITCHEN BATHROOM MECHANICAL CHASE WET WALL
BEDROOMS
CIRCULATION
STORAGE WALLS
LIVING AREAS
TERRACES
PHOTOVOLTAICS
SUN PATH
ENERGY REQUIRED
AVERAGE PRECIPITATION
STEREOGRAPHIC SUNPATH clemson, south carolina hour lines are shown in solar time
N
KWH/YR
estimated yearly energy loads
10 20
÷
10 N
30 40 50
8N
60 70
DAYS
80
convert to kWh per day
W
E
÷
6N 4N
HOURS average number of hours
6.31 4.41
4.65
4.69
4.42
3.92
3.54
4.08
3.97
3.88
3.79
3.86
AUG
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
2N
of sunlight in clemson, sc
×
S Difference between Solar Time and Local Mean Time 20 15
Equation of Time [mins]
10
USES
wasted energy factor
×
5
90%
0
-5 -10 -15 -20 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
LESS HEAT
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
45% Nov
Dec
Jan
LESS ENERGY
JAN
50% LESS WATER
FEB
MAR
20%
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
LESS COST
SINGLE UNIT ITEM
W (EACH)
NO.
W (TOTAL)
HRS/DAY AVG HRS/YR
W/YR
KWH/YR
LEDS REFRIGERATOR DISHWASHER MICROWAVE COFFEE MAKER TOASTER TELEVISION COMPUTER (AVG) VACUUM CLEANER BLOW DRYER WASHING MACHINE CLOTHES DRYER HEAT PUMP HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM
10 60 300 800 900 700 150 100 650 1,000 200 512 750 20
10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 60 300 800 900 700 150 100 650 1000 200 512 750 40
6 24 0.25 0.05 0.05 0.05 3 6 0.1 0.05 0.25 0.25 6 10
219,000 525,600 27,375 14,600 16,425 12,775 164,250 219,000 23,725 18,250 18,250 46,720 1,215,000 146,000
219 526 27 15 16 13 164 219 24 18 18 47 1,215 146
SINGLE UNIT / 288,033 TOTAL
2,190 8,760 91 18 18 18 1,095 2,190 37 18 91 91 1,620 3,650
DOUBLE UNIT / 273,994 TOTAL
TRIPLE UNIT / 44,252 TOTAL
Month
THAN THE AVG HOME
convert to watts
÷ WATTS
90%
45%
individual panel wattage LESS HEAT
LESS ENERGY
50% LESS WATER
=
2,40090%
PV PANELS the complex has space for 2,500
45%
50%
panels on south facing roofs
LESS HEAT
LESS ENERGY
LESS WATER
RAINWATER COLLECTION
90% LESS HEAT
45%
50%
20%
20% LESS COST
VENTILATION
PV PANELS
OPERABLE WINDOWS AND CLEARSTORY PROVIDE FRESH AIR DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION SUPPLIES AT BOTTOM AND RETURNS AT TOP
ON SOUTH FACING ROOF
LESS COST
20%
GAL/MONTH LESS ENERGYestimated monthly waterLESS needs WATER
LESS COST
for the complex
DAYLIGHTING SOUTHERN OVERHANGS PREVENT HEAT GAIN IN SUMMER LOW WINTER SUN HEATS UNIT IN COLDER MONTHS
INCHES/MONTH average monthly precipitation
÷ INCHES
convert to feet
RAINWATER COLLECTION
×
ANGLED ROOFS SHED WATER INTO GUTTERS AND DOWNSPOUTS PIPES TRANSPORT WATER TO CISTERN
FT
2 collection surface
×
NORTHERN ORIENTATION average efficiency of collection surface
× GAL/FT 3
convert to gallons
=
244,097
GALLONS/MONTH
rainwater collection could meet 73% of the complex’s needs
RAINWATER CISTERN DURING MARCH, THE WETTEST MONTH, 11,165 GALLONS CAN BE CAPTURED EACH DAY THEREFORE EACH OF THE 16 CLUSTERS NEEDS A 700 GALLON CISTERN FOR STORAGE AVG PREFABRICATED 700 GALLON CISTERN MEASURES 79” HIGH X 62” DEEP X 82” WIDE
HIGH EFFICIENCY GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP SUPPLIES HEAT PUMP FOR AIR HEATING/COOLING AND HOT WATER HEATING ECONOMICAL IN MODERATE CLIMATES AND VERY EFFECTIVE IN HUMID AREAS HORIZONTAL CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM SUPPORTS 3 HEAT PUMPS (1 SYSTEM FOR EACH CLUSTER)
HVAC + PLUMBING SYSTEMS
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECH / PLUMBING
VERTIC AL LOADS
ALL-IN-ONE SYSTEM CONTAINED IN CONDITIONED CORE
3-PLY WALL PANELS 5-PLY WALL PANEL
HIGH EFFICIENCY GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP 2-6 TONS / 63” HIGH X 32” WIDE X 27” DEEP MAX UP TO 31.1 EER
5-PLY ROOF PANELS 5-PLY FLOOR PANELS
HOT WATER HEATING 40-60 GALLON WATER TANKS / 22” DIAMETER BY 62” HIGH MAX
FOR LONGER SPANS IN DOUBLE UNIT BEAM - 25’ 10” LONG / 7” X 12” COLUMN - 7” X 7” CLOSET CLT WALLS
SUP PLY / INTAKE DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION SUPPLY AT FLOOR 12” ROUND DUCT WORK AT LARGEST, 20’ MAXIMUM TRAVEL DISTANCE NATURAL VENTILATION OPERABLE CLEARSTORY AND WINDOWS FOR NATURAL VENTILATION
SHEAR LOADS SHEAR WALLS CLT PROVIDES DIMENSIONAL STABILITY AND RIGIDITY AS WELL AS GOOD DUCTILE BEHAVIOR AND ENERGY DISSIPATION 3-PLY WALL PANELS 5-PLY WALL PANEL 5-PLY ROOF PANELS 5-PLY FLOOR PANELS
RETURN / EXHAUST DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION RETURN AT CEILING NATURAL CONVECTION MOVES WARM AIR UP AND OUT OF VOLUME 12” ROUND DUCT WORK AT LARGEST, 20’ MAXIMUM TRAVEL DISTANCE NATURAL VENTILATION OPERABLE CLEARSTORY AND WINDOWS FOR NATURAL VENTILATION ENERGY RECOVERY VENTILATOR (ERV) RECOVERS ENERGY USUALLY LOST THROUGH EXHAUST NECESSARY DUE TO AIRTIGHT CONSTRUCTION
LIVE LOADS 5-PLY FLOOR PANELS BEAM UNDER FLOOR OF DOUBLE SUPPORTS LONGER FLOOR SPANS TOP OF CUBE ON TOP FLOOR INHABITABLE
A TRANSVERSE SECTION
1 WALL TO ROOF DETAIL
ROOF ASSEMBLY & DRAINAGE SYSTEM LOW-REFLECTIVITY ALUMINUM CORRUGATED ROOFING PANELS WITH NATURAL MILL FINISH, SLOPE @ 1/4”/1’
LOW-REFLECTIVITY ALUMINUM CORRUGATED ROOFING PANELS WITH NATURAL MILL FINISH
RECESSED ROOF GUTTER WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE
WOOD FASCIA
FLASHING BLOCKING AS REQUIRED WOOD FASCIA 6MM POLYETHYLENE VAPOR BARRIER CONTINUOUS ABOVE CLT ROOF PANELS
CLT ROOF ASSEMBLY DETAIL TOTAL ROOF ASSEMBLY R-VALUE: 60.98
CASEMENT WINDOWS 1’ DEEP SILL FOR ADDITIONAL SHADING 3’ x 8’ CASEMENT WINDOW WITH OPERABLE WINDOW AT TOP PANEL TRIPLE GLAZED, LOW-E GLASS WITH ARGON GAS, U-FACTOR: 0.15; VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE: 0.65, AIR LEAKAGE: 0.15
2 WALL TO FLOOR DETAIL
CLT PANEL-TO-FOUNDATION CONNECTION 4”, 3-PLY CLT PANEL (R-VALUE: 5) CONCEALED METAL PLATE TO CONNECT WALL-TO-FLOOR CLT PANELS TIGHT FIT DOWEL AND BOLT SYSTEM
SOUND-INSULATED FLOORING SYSTEM FINISHED HARDWOOD FLOORING SOUND INSULATION MATERIAL LUMBER SLEEPERS @ 18” O/C 1 PANEL OF OWENS-CORNING FOAMULAR HIGH-R CW PLUS EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE RIGID FOAM INSULATION @ 2 1/2” THICKNESS IN BETWEEN SLEEPER SYSTEM
TOTAL WALL ASSEMBLY R-VALUE: 60.98 5/8” GYPSUM BOARD MOUNTED DIRECTLY TO CLT PANEL
6”, 5-PLY CLT PANEL (R-VALUE: 8)
INTERIOR CASEWORK FOR STORAGE WALL CLT PANEL-TO-FLOOR CONNECTION 2” METAL REVEAL
3 FOUNDATION DETAIL TOTAL WALL ASSEMBLY R-VALUE: 31.65 WOOD PANEL CLADDING SYSTEM GYPSUM SHEATHING ON BOTH SIDES OF AIR SPACE AIR SPACE FOR RAIN SCREEN ASSEMBLY 2 PANELS OF OWENS-CORNING FOAMULAR HIGH-R CW PLUS EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE RIGID FOAM INSULATION @ 2 1/2” EACH (TOTAL R-VALUE: 24) BLOCKING AS REQUIRED 4”, 3-PLY CLT PANEL (R-VALUE: 5)
CLT PANEL-TO-FOUNDATION CONNECTION 4”, 3-PLY CLT PANEL (R-VALUE: 5) 2” PRESSURE TREATED T-SILL PLATE TO PREVENT MOISTURE TRANSFER FROM CONCRETE TO CLT PANELS TIGHT FIT DOWEL AND BOLT SYSTEM 1 PANEL OF OWENS-CORNING FOAMULAR HIGH-R CW PLUS EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE RIGID FOAM INSULATION @ 2 1/2” THICKNESS (TOTAL R-VALUE: 12) SLAB ON GRADE WITH CONTINUOUS FOOTING
CLT PANEL-TO-FOUNDATION CONNECTION
6MM POLYETHYLENE VAPOR BARRIER CONTINUOUS AROUND FOOTING
EXTERIOR SHEATHING WITH THIN COAT OF CONCRETE
GRAVEL INFILL SITE DRAINAGE
20’
11’
28’
19’ 10’
CLT SPANS & SIZES
BENEFITS OF CLT CONSTRUCTION
SINGLE UNIT: 19’ X 48’ DOUBLE UNIT: 28’ X 48’ GROUND LEVEL, MAX PANEL SIZE: 10’ X 11’ TOP LEVEL, MAX PANEL SIZE: 10’ X 20’ SINGLE UNIT, ROOF PANELS: 8.75’ X 19’ DOUBLE UNIT, ROOF PANELS: 8.75’ X 28’ PRE-CUT FOR FAST AND EFFICIENT ASSEMBLY
20’
DESIGN FLEXIBILITY FAST INSTALLATION THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY COST EFFECTIVENESS ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES FIRE PROTECTION ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE SEISMIC AND WIND PERFORMANCE
20’
11’
28’
10’
11’
10’
ROOF SYSTEM SLOPE @ 1/4”/1’ HIP FLASHING, 6” CLOSURE STRIP TO KEEP OUT RAIN & INSECTS STANDING SEAM ROOF WITH NAIL STRIPS FOR USE OVER NON-NAILABLE ROOF DECK WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE
20’
B LONGITUDINAL SECTION
3 PANELS OF HIGH-R CW PLUS EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE RIGID ROAM INSULATION (R-VALUE: 51) VAPOR BARRIER
11’
CLT
6”, 5-PLY CLT PANEL (R-VALUE: 8)
10’
CLT INTERNAL SPINE CONNECTION CLERESTORY WINDOW SYSTEM
LVL SPLINE CLT SCREWS
TRIPLE GLAZED, LOW-E GLASS WITH ARGON GAS, U-FACTOR: 0.15; VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE: 0.65, AIR LEAKAGE: 0.15 FLASHING SILL ASSEMBLY
1
TERRACE FLOORING SYSTEM METAL FASCIA FLASHING THINSET CONCRETE METAL DECKING 6”, 5-PLY CLT PANEL (R-VALUE: 8)
INTERNAL SPINE CONNECTION
2
LVL SPLINE CLT SCREWS
3
RUBBERIZED SOUND PROOFING MEMBRANE
L AK E
F OREST
M E AD OW
LA K E TER R ACE
FOREST T ERRACE
MEADO W C OURTY ARD