Prime Bank Ltd. offers all kinds of Commercial Corporate and Personal Banking services
EXECUTIVE SUMMERY In the “Organization Overview” part, the details of Prime bank Limited have been provided. Prime Bank Limited is one of the leaders in the banking industry. It is lead by very experienced and qualified people in its management body. The bank provides a variety of banking services and products. The employees of the bank are also very efficient in their job compared to other local banks. “Introduction to the Topic” section highlights the topic and the reason behind choosing this topic. The topic is “Job Satisfaction Aids to Organizational Commitment”. The topic has been chosen because the utmost importance of Organizational Commitment in employees’ productivity. This would include Job Satisfaction, Job Involvement and Workplace Environment issues in the study. In the “Methodology” part, the method of doing the study is described. The study is done mostly on primary data analysis. The sample is chosen on random sampling basis. The sample size was 100. They were chosen form Mohakhali, Gulshan and Motijheel Branch. There was a questionnaire developed for this which had 15 questions in it. The “Analysis and Interpretation of Data” part reflects the data analysis process. The questionnaire was built on Likert Scale. A percentage was taken of each response of the significant questions. These reflected the Job Satisfaction level of the employees. That was then related to the Organizational Commitment through a verbal question that was asked to each respondent. In “Finding of the Study” section, it has been found out that the employees of Prime Bank Limited are much satisfied with their jobs but they are not organizationally committed. “Suggestion” highlights that the bank itself must take initiative if it wants organizationally committed employees.
The “conclusion” pointed out that the null hypothesis has been proven wrong. Job Satisfaction does not aid to Organizational Commitment ORGANIZATION OVERVIEW: The Prime Bank Limited being a banking company has been registered under the Companies Act 1994 with its Registered Office at 119-120 Motijheel C/A, Dhaka-1000. The Bank operates as a Scheduled Bank under a Banking license issued by Bangladesh Bank, the Central Bank of the country. Vision: To be the most efficient bank in terms of profitability, customer service and technology application. Mission:
•
Continuous improvement in the business policies and procedures.
•
Cost reduction through integration of technology at all levels.
The Efforts Are Focused on:
The delivery of quality service in all areas of banking activities with the aim to increase value to the shareholders’ investments and offer highest possible value to the customers. Strategic Priority: To have sustained growth and to broaden and improve the range of products and services. About the Bank: In the backdrop of economic liberalization and financial sector reforms, a group of highly successful local entrepreneurs conceived an idea of floating a commercial bank with different outlook. For them, it was competence, excellence and consistent delivery of reliable service with superior value products. Accordingly, Prime Bank Ltd. was created and commencement of business started on 17th April 1995. The sponsors are reputed
personalities in the field of trade and commerce and their stake ranges from shipping to textile and finance to energy etc. As a fully licensed commercial bank, Prime Bank Ltd. is being managed by a highly professional and dedicated team with long experience in banking. They constantly focus on understanding and anticipating customer needs. As the banking scenario undergoes changes so is the bank and it repositions itself in the changed market condition. Prime Bank Ltd. has already made significant progress within a very short period of its existence. The bank has been graded as a top class bank in the country through internationally accepted CAMEL rating. The bank has already occupied an enviable position among its competitors after achieving success in all areas of business operation. Prime Bank Ltd. offers all kinds of Commercial Corporate and Personal Banking services covering all segments of society within the framework of Banking Company Act and rules and regulations laid down by our central bank. Diversification of products and services include Corporate Banking, Retail Banking and Consumer Banking right from industry to agriculture, and real state to software. The bank has consistently turned over good returns on Assets and Capital. During the year 2005, the bank has posted an operating profit of Tk.1520.34 million and its capital funds stood at Tk.3177.32 million. Out of this, Tk.1400 million consists of paid up capital by shareholders and Tk.1777.32 million represents reserves and retained earnings. The bank’s current capital adequacy ratio of 9.96% is in the market. In spite of complex business environment and default culture, quantum of classified loan in the bank is very insignificant and stood at less than 0.96%. Prime Bank Ltd., since its beginning has attached more importance in technology integration. In order to retain competitive edge, investment in technology is always a top agenda and under constant focus. Keeping the network within a reasonable limit, our strategy is to serve the customers through capacity building across multi delivery channels. Our past performance gives an indication of our strength. We are better placed
and poised to take our customers through fast changing times and enable them compete more effectively in the market they operate.
The Management: The management of Prime Bank Limited is consisted of names that reflect the quality of the bank. They are: •
Mr. Azam J. Chowdhury, Chairman
•
Quazi Sirazul Islam, Vice Chairman
•
Mrs. Shahnaz Quashem, Vice Chairperson
•
Mrs. Hasina Khan, Director
•
Mohammad Aminul Haque, Director
•
Capt. Imam Anwar Hossain, Director
•
Qazi Saleemul Huq, Director
•
Md. Shirajul Islam Mollah , Director
•
Mrs. Razia Rahman, Director
•
Meherunnesa Haque, Director
•
Ms. Saheda Pervin Trisha, Director
•
Manzur Murshed, Director
•
Prof. Dr. Ainun Nishat, Ph.D, Director
•
Mohammad Delwar Hossain, Director
•
Dr. Mohammed Aslam Bhuiyan, Director
•
M. Ehsanul Haque, Managing Director
The Executive Committee: •
Capt. Imam Anwar Hossain, Chairman
•
Mrs. Hasina Khan, Vice Chairperson
•
Mrs. Razia Rahman, Vice Chairperson
Performance at a Glance:
Key Financial Data & Key Ratios Particulars
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Interest income Interest expenses Net interest income Non-interest income Non-interest Expenses Net Non-interest income Profit before provision and tax Provision for loans and assets Profit after provision before tax Tax including deferred tax Profit after tax Balance Sheet Authorized Capital Paid-up Capital Total Shareholder's equity Deposits Long-term liabilities Loans and advances Investments Property,Plant and Equipment Earning Assets Net current assets Total assets Current ratio Equity Debt ratio Other Business Import Export Remittance Guarantee Business Capital Measures Total risk weighted assets Core capital (Tier-I) Supplementary capital (Tier-II) Total Capital
3446 2271 1175 1232 886 346 1520 320 1201 633 568
5199 3698 1500 1732 1101 631 2131 390 1741 689 1052
7170 5267 1903 2913 1559 1354 3257 910 2347 946 1401
9096 7126 1970 3808 1931 1877 3847 1384 2463 1232 1232
10831 8426 2405 5790 2907 2883 5289 700 4589 1805 2784
4000 1400 2808 36022 11406 31916 3940 372 37439 31 41506 1.00 7.00%
4000 1750 3860 54724 16877 45010 7844 412 55458 5286 60899 0.88 7.00%
4000 2275 5273 70512 15267 57683 12698 660 72798 1338 79588 0.97 7.10%
10000 2844 6697 88021 31044 75156 23103 1375 100261 9962 110437 0.88 6.45%
10000 3555 11745 106956 38209 89252 19934 1573 109905 3435 124806 0.96 10.39%
40303 28882 3688 5303
52639 41801 15050 5386
70617 51316 15905 7033
91424 68550 22669 10010
96452 76097 26447 13673
31890 2808 369 3177
44324 3860 549 4409
55485 5261 1122 6383
72253 6265 1594 7859
82710 9057 3112 12168
Services Provided by the Bank: Deposit Schemes: Bank is the largest mobilizer of surplus domestic savings. For poverty alleviation, we need self employment, for self-employment we need investment and for investment we need savings. In the other words, savings help capital formations and the capital formations help investments in the country. The investment in its turn helps industrialization leading towards creation of wealth of the country. And the wealth finally takes the country on road to progress and prosperity. As such, savings is considered the very basis of prosperity of the country. The more the growth of savings, the more will be the prosperity of the nation. The savings rate in Bangladesh is one of the lowest in the world rate of domestic saving being 17.78 %. In order to improve the savings rate, Financial Institutions responsible for mobilization of savings should offer attractive Savings Schemes so that the marginal propensity to save increases. The savings do not, of course, depend only on the quantum of income but largely depend on the habit of savings of the people.
The different saving schemes provided by the bank: •
Contributory Savings Schemes
•
Education Savings Scheme
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Short term deposit
•
Double Benefit Deposit Scheme
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Resident Foreign Currency Deposit Account
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Non-Resident Taka Account
•
House Building Deposit Scheme
•
Monthly benefit Deposit Scheme
•
Fixed Deposit scheme
•
Lakhopati Deposit Scheme
•
Foreign Currency Account
•
Non-Resident Foreign currency deposit account
•
Non-Resident Investor’s Taka Account
•
Prime Millionaire scheme
Loan Scheme: •
General Loan
•
Lease Finance
•
House Building/Apartment Loan
•
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)
•
Retail Loan
•
Hire Purchase
•
Advance against share
Islamic Mode of Operation: Prime Bank Limited has started its operation as a Conventional Bank in April 1995. But pretty soon afterwards, within few months, the Bank has taken up the Challenge to start Islami Banking Operations. The Challenge is not so much as in operating Islamic Banking but in maintaining both the forms in Parallel. From its inception as an Islami Bank the bank has proven itself to be worthy of its slogan of ‘Bank with a Difference’, through successful operation of Islami Banking. Prime Bank has started its Islami Banking operation through its first Branch being inaugurated at 19, Dilkusha C/A, Dhaka on 18 December 1995. Since then it has so far has established four more branches at different locations in the Country. Because of its popularity and management’s commitment toward social well being gradual expansion of Prime Bank’s Islami Banking operations is assured. Following are the salient features of Islamic Banking, as is practiced in Prime Bank Limited:
01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08.
All activities are conducted according to Islamic Shariah. Interest free monetary operations. Building partnership relation between the Bank and its customers. Following Islamic principles in its investment portfolio. While investing special consideration to social needs is given. Through small and long term deposit schemes providing hope to the poor income group of the society. Client service centric banking, through which making the clients feel special. Conduct welfare activates etc.
Service Portfolio: Prime Bank Limited provides following services under Islami Banking: 01. Deposit 02. Investment 03. Foreign Trade 04. Remittance and Fund Transfer
Weight age Principle in Distributing Profit to the Depositors: Deposit of different A/Cs are not given equal weight age in ascertaining profit rate. Bank gets opportunity to invest fund for long period if the deposit is obtained for long period. If duration of deposit is long term the risk of deposit is higher. Depositors participate in long term investment of the bank and face higher risk. As such, Bank fix up profit on the different weight age against various types of deposit A/Cs on the basis of risk. Profit to the depositors for the year 2004 has been paid as per following weight age and rates: Final rate of profit for
Sl. No.
Deposit Types
Weightage
01.
Mudaraba Saving Deposits
0.75
6.25%
02.
Mudaraba Short Term Deposits
0.52
4.15% - 5.15%
1.00
8.60% - 10.75%
0.98
8.60% - 10.75%
03. 04.
Mudaraba Term Deposits for 36 months Mudaraba Term Deposits for 24 months
2005
Mudaraba Term Deposits for 12
05.
months Mudaraba Term Deposits for 6
06.
months Mudaraba Term Deposits for 3
07.
months Mudaraba
08.
Contributory
Savings
Scheme Mudaraba Monthly Profit Deposits
09.
Scheme Mudaraba
10.
Education
Savings
Scheme
0.96
8.60% - 10.75%
0.92
7.85% - 10.50%
0.88
7.60% - 10.50%
1.05
9.00% - 9.50%
1.02
9.00% - 9.15%
1.20
10.75% - 11.25%
11.
Mudaraba Hajj Savings Scheme
1.20
9.00% - 9.50%
12.
Mudaraba Special Deposit Scheme
1.02
9.00% - 9.15%
13.
Lakhopati Deposit Scheme
1.05
9.00% - 9.50%
Shariah Council: The bank established a Shariah Council to advice and provide guidance on Islamic Banking Operations. The following Islamic scholars having vast knowledge and ideas in Islamic Sharia relating to banking operations sit on the Board: Status
Name Mohammad
Salahuddin
Ex-Principal Madrasha-e-Alia, Bakshi Bazar, Dhaka Shah
Abdul
Hannan
Ex-Chairman, Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. Maulana
Abul
Kalam
Azad
Chairman, Bangladesh Masjid Council, Uttara, Dhaka. Maulana Mohammad Shahidul Islam Professor
the
Shariah Council
Maulana Mr.
in
Dr.
Shamsher
Chairman Vice Chairman Member Member
Ali
Member
Vice Chancellor, Southeast University,Dhaka. A.S.M
Fakhrul
Ahsan
Former Deputy Governor, Bangladesh Bank Azam
J
Chowdhury
Chairman, Prime Bank Ltd. Capt.
Imam
Anwar
Hossain
Director, Prime Bank Ltd. Mohammad
Ehsanul
Managing Director, Prime Bank Limited
Haque
Member Member Member Member
Prime Line (Any branch banking): •
Cash withdrawal from his/her account at any branch of the Bank irrespective of
• • •
location. Cash deposit in his/her account at any branch of the Bank irrespective of location. Cash deposit in other's account at any branch of the Bank irrespective of location. Transfer of money from his/her account with any branch of the Bank.
Master Card: Prime Bank Limited obtained Principal Membership of Master-Card International in the month of May 1999. Within a period of 6 months, the bank successfully launched Master Card-Credit Card which created a new dimension in its customer service and consumer financing. The Special feature of the Prime Bank Master Card is that its bears the card holder’s photo on the card, which is the first of its kind in Bangladesh and adds security against misuse. Prime Bank Limited issues 4 types of cards. These are Gold Local & International and Silver Local & International. Local cards can be used in Bangladesh only.
Followings are the main feature of MasterCard Credit: •
Prime Bank Ensure High Level of Security by inserting your Photograph on the Card.
•
20 to 50 days credit form the date of transaction. When you receive your monthly statement, you can either choose to pay in full or just minimum due amount shown on the statement. No interest is charged if you pay in full within payment due date.
•
24 hours a day, 365 days worldwide service.
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No joining/administrative fees.
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waiver of annual fees for International Card: If you accumulate 20,000 Prime Bank Bonus Point for your Gold Card or, 10,000 Bonus Point for your Silver Card in a year then you enjoy our Card without fees( $ 1 purchase: 1 Bonus).
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Waiver of annual fee for Local Card: If you accumulate 10,000 Prime Bank Bonus Point for your Gold Card or 8,000 Bonus Point for your Silver Card in a year then you enjoy our Card without fees( Tk. 50/- purchase : 1 Bonus point).
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The Highest Prime Bank Bonus Point holder can enjoy free air ticket DhakaBangkok-Dhaka. (Business Class).
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Cash advance facilities.
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1, 39, 00,000 locations accept MasterCard worldwide.
SWIFT: Prime Bank Limited is one of the first few Bangladeshi Banks who have become member of SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunication) in 1999. SWIFT is members owned co-operative, which provides a fast and accurate communication network for financial transactions such as Letters of Credit, Fund transfer etc. By becoming a member of SWIFT, the bank has opened up possibilities for uninterrupted connectivity with over 5,700 user institutions in 150 countries around the world.
One Stop Utility Services Scheme:
Like any other country of the world, the people living in the urban areas of our country lead a very busy life. Time is very valuable to them. Despite this, they are to waste their valuable time at the counter of different Banks and other Institutions for payment of their monthly bills of different utility services like Electricity, Telephone, Water, Gas etc. They, as such, face enormous difficulties for payment of their monthly bills in time. Such inconveniences of the urban people can be removed by making an arrangement to collect all the bills of various utility services at One Point. Scope of the Service: With this end in view, Prime Bank Limited has introduced a Scheme entitled "ONE STOP UTILITY SERVICES SCHEME". The scheme is designed to provide all the required services to the customer in making payment of their following bills on their behalf from the counter of the Bank: • To pay Electricity Bills • Cash deposit in his/her account at any branch of the Bank irrespective of •
location. Cash deposit in other's account at any branch of the Bank irrespective of
• •
location. Transfer of money from his/her account with any branch of the Bank. Any amount can be deposited or transferred under Prime Line. In the system, however, at present there is a limit for cash withdrawal through bearer or by
•
account holder himself. Any amount can be deposited or transferred under Prime Line. In the system, however, at present there is a limit for cash withdrawal through bearer or by account holder himself.
Terms & Conditions of Online Branch Banking Service • ONLINE BRANCH BANKING SERVICE is designed to serve its valued clients. • • •
Under this system, you shall be able to do the following type of transactions: Cash withdrawal from your account at any branch of the Bank. Deposit in your account at any Branch of the Bank. Transfer of money from your account to any other account with any Branch of the Bank.
Existing Branches:
Dhaka Division: Total: 45 01. Motijheel
12. Uttara
23. Tongi
34. Bashundhara
02. Moulvi Bazar
13. Foreign
24. Panthapath
35. Joypara
03. IBB Dilkusha
Exchange Branch
25. Dhanmondi
36. Adamjee EPZ
04. Mohakhali
14. Satmasjid Road 26. SBC Tower
37. Gareb-E-
05. Kawran Bazar
15. New Eskaton
27. Jaydevpur
Newaz Avenue
06. Elephant Road
16. Madhabdi
Chowrasta
38. Bhairab
07. Mouchak
17. Banani
28. Mirpur-1
39. Mymensingh
08. Gulshan
18. IBB Mirpur
29. Tangail
40. Faridpur
09. Narayanganj
19. Pragati Sarani
30. Ashulia
41. Damudya
10. Bangshal
20. Pragati Sarani
31. Bijoy Nagar
42. Serajdikhan
11. Gonakbari
21. Shimrail
32. Ring Road
43. Jatrabari
22. Asad Gate
33. Pallabi
44. Wari 45. Savar
Chittagong Division: Total: 19 1. Khatungonj
8. Hathazari
16. Cahumuhani
2. AGRABAD
9. Cox’s Bazar
17. Oxygen More
3. Jubilee Road
10. Feni
18. Chauddagram
4. IBB O.R. Nizam
11. Comilla
19. Halishahar
Road
12. Raojan
5. IBB Pahartali
13. Prabartak More
6. Fatikchari
14. Banshkhali
7. Laldighi East
15. Hajigonj
Rajshahi Division: Total: 09 1. Rajshahi
6. Dinajpur
2. Bogra
7. Natore
3. Naogaon
8. Ishwardi
4. Rangpur
9. Pabna
5. Chapai Nawabganj
Khulna Division: Total: 02 •
Khulna
•
Jessore
Sylhet Division: Total: 12 1. Sylhet
7. Bishwanath
2. IBB Amberkhana
8. Sreemangal
3. Court Road
9. Subid Bazar
4. Tajpur
10. Barelekha
5. Upashahar
11. Habigonj
6. Beanibazar
12. Nabigonj
Barisal Division: Total: 01 •
Barisal
Here, IBB means Islamic Banking Branch.
ATM Locations: o Dhaka Division: 22 o Chittagong: 05 o Sylhet: 01 SME Service Center: 06 Concerns (Subsidiary Companies): Prime Exchange Co. Pte. Ltd.:
Prime Bank Limited established its fully-owned subsidiary "Prime Exchange Co. Pte Ltd." to offer remittance services to Bangladeshi nationals in Singapore, which started its operation from 8th July, 2006, under remittance license received from Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and approval of Bangladesh Bank. Mr. Azam J Chowdhury, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Prime Bank Ltd., is the Chairman of Prime Exchange Co. Pte Ltd. while Mr. M Ehsanul Haque, Managing Director of the Bank, is the Director of the Prime Exchange Co. Pte Ltd. The Exchange Company is located at 2A Desker Road, (2nd floor), Singapore 209549 a very convenient place at Serangoon area near Mustafa Centre, where Bangladeshi nationals congregate during weekends for social interaction and money remittance services. Opening of the fully owned subsidiary in Singapore to offer remittance services to Bangladeshi nationals will add new dimension to the Bank's remittance operation. PBL Exchange (UK) Ltd.:
•
Company in UK established on 19 Nov 2009
•
Registered office : The Limes 1339 High Road, Whetstone London N209HR, United Kingdom
•
Company fully owned by Prime Bank Limited
•
Board of Directors : Mr. Azam J Chowdhury, Capt Imam Anwar Hossain and Mr. M Ehsanul Haque
•
Nature of business: Remittance (Money Transfer)
•
Office locations : London, Birmingham, Manchester where Bangladeshi community lives
•
Tentative date of opening: 26 March 2010;
•
Mode of payment to beneficiaries : o Instant Cash Payment through Prime Bank's Branch and SME centers all connected under online banking o Over the counter cash payment through 400+ Branch network of BURO Bangladesh o Prime Bank's account credit and withdrawal facility through network of 550+ ATMs o Account credit to any other banks in Bangladesh
•
Full remittance amount paid to beneficiaries in Bangladesh without deduction of any charge
•
Dedicated team of officials of Central Foreign Remittance Cell (CFRC) ensure efficient customer service
•
Money transfer operation in UK is carried out through online software
•
This is second such initiative after success in Singapore (2006)
•
Initiative in Singapore was first for any private sector bank in Bangladesh.
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY: Rationale of the Study: Commitment of the employees carries utmost importance as far as an organization is concerned. It is the employees that create the organization and their motive and focus makes or breaks the organization. If the employees’ commitment is towards the betterment of the organization, that organization needs very little to succeed. On the other
hand, if the employees’ commitment is towards his or her own betterment, that means if he or she is in the organization for the designated post only, then the organization’s road to success will be full of stumbles. This is why this study is being proposed. In case of Prime Bank Limited, most of the employees’ reaction is mixed about their job. Their opinion regarding their satisfaction varies from time to time. When they are getting promoted, they are very satisfied. Whenever their bosses or colleagues oppose their ideas, that satisfaction runs out instantly. In my one month period as an intern, not seen that an employee is more satisfied that dissatisfied, or more dissatisfied than satisfied about their job. Their reactions are very much variable. The reason should be found out. Banks have been an important part of the economy of Bangladesh. In the beginning, there was no private bank. And today, there is no public bank except Bangladesh Bank. Employees are at the core of an organization, regardless of the type. In all these years, the perception and thinking pattern of the employees has changed significantly. Organizational commitment is an important part of the perception of the employees. And in this way, comes research. Here, chosen the employees of Prime Bank Limited as the target group of Bangladesh. Organizational commitment is the most important driving force for the employees to work well for the organization. But most of the employees and the organizations fail to recognize the importance of the term. Other commitments to the job are also important but this particular commitment is the most contributing factor to employee’s productivity. This commitment is difficult go grow among the employees. This is a long term procedure if it grows in an employee. As this deals with the whole organization, formation of these takes time. Sometimes it may take ten to fifteen years. It is only after that that the employees start to feel the psychological attachment to the organization and feels reluctant to leave the organization.
In Bangladesh, in former nationalized banks, most of the employees are there for more that ten years. And in private banks, there is a question of “gratuity” in front of the employees. So, thought that employees of these banks can be the perfect target group for a research in this field. As internship was in Prime Bank Limited, chose the employees of this bank as my target group. The area of research, according to, is neither too narrow nor broad. worked on the organizational commitment of the employees of Prime Bank Limited. The reason that chose this area is that from the BBA department. This is why attention always remains on the business related terms. And organizational commitment is a vast topic to work with. There are many things to learn from this research. As going to be a future employee of an organization, this will help me to a great deal. will be able to know what factors contribute to the well being of an employee. Coming back to the area of research, this is the most powerful element to motivate an employee. If an employee is motivated to work in a better fashion for the organization, no matter the position he or she is working in, his or her satisfaction level will be high. will feel himself as a part of the organization, a proud one. Intend to find the extend of this in the employees of Prime Bank Limited. Statement of the Problems: At the end of the study, the following questions that would be important for conducting my research should be answered: •
In which way the employees of Prime Bank Limited are committed?
•
Does Job Satisfaction affect their Organizational Commitment?
•
If yes, then in which way, positively or negatively?
•
What other factors affect the organizational commitment?
•
If the commitment that the employees have is not for the best of the bank, what are the possible ways to cope up with that?
Scope and Delimitation of the Study: The scope of this study is vast. Such concepts like job satisfaction, workplace environment, job impact, infrastructural condition of the bank, the creativity that employees can or cannot practice etc will be used. Through all these variables the commitment of the employees can be reflected. Through interviews of the employees the primary data will be collected. My supervisor at the bank, the branch manager will also help me with secondary data. I will also take help from online journals and articles to collect secondary data as well. The only limitations that will affect the study will be the limitation of time as there is always a scope of betterment if the time limit increases. Organizational commitment is a vast issue. What constitutes commitment in organizations? In one view, commitment is the total capacity to act in ways that meet the organization's goals and interests. Although a simple enough definition, it is inadequate. The problem is that commitment has now been defined in a number of widely varying ways. The sociologist Etzioni argues that commitment, and the authority that organizations have over members, is rooted in the nature of employee involvement in the organization. It is not constructed by a single entity. There are some contributing factors to that. In the Bangladeshi context, the factors that are the most important according to me are: job satisfaction, workplace environment and job involvement.
Job Satisfaction: Job satisfaction is the level of satisfaction that the employee feels to be in the respective job. Job satisfaction, a worker's sense of achievement and success, is generally perceived to be directly linked to productivity as well as to personal wellbeing. Job satisfaction implies doing a job one enjoys, doing it well, and being suitably rewarded for one's efforts. Job satisfaction further implies enthusiasm and happiness with one's work. For the organization, job satisfaction of its workers means a work force that is motivated and committed to high quality performance. Increased productivity, the quantity and quality of output per hour worked, seems to be a byproduct of improved quality of working life. It is important to note that the literature on
the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity is neither conclusive nor consistent. Unhappy employees, who are motivated by fear of job loss, will not give 100 percent of their effort for very long. Though fear is a powerful motivator, it is also a temporary one, and as soon as the threat is lifted performance will decline. Probably the most important point to bear in mind when considering job satisfaction is that there are many factors that affect job satisfaction and that what makes workers happy with their jobs varies from one worker to another and from day to day. Apart from the factors mentioned above, job satisfaction is also influenced by the employee's personal characteristics, the manager's personal characteristics and management style, and the nature of the work itself. Managers who want to maintain a high level of job satisfaction in the work force must try to understand the needs of each member of the work force. For example, when creating work teams, managers can enhance worker satisfaction by placing people with similar backgrounds, experiences, or needs in the same workgroup. Also, managers can enhance job satisfaction by carefully matching workers with the type of work. For example, a person who does not pay attention to detail would hardly make a good inspector, and a shy worker is unlikely to be a good salesperson. As much as possible, managers should match job tasks to employees' personalities. In my opinion, in the context of Bangladesh, the factors that most contribute to job satisfaction is compensation and the process of performance evaluation Workplace Environment: An employee’s workplace environment is a key determinant of their level of productivity. How well the workplace engages an employee impacts their level of motivation to perform. This then influences that employee’s: •
error rate
•
level of innovation
•
collaboration with other employees
•
absenteeism
•
How long they stay in the job.
The most important of these workplace environment factors that either lead to engagement or disengagement are shown in the following diagram. A close consideration of each of these factors is also very useful in ensuring that employees apply the skills they learn during training programs once they return to their workplace. Tending to the structural and interpersonal aspects of each of these factors enables employees to apply the required skills in a consistent and habitual way. Employees are involved in setting meaningful goals and performance measures for their work. This can be done informally between the employee and their immediate supervisor or as part of an organization’s formal performance management process. The key here is that each employee is actively engaged in the goal-setting process and takes ownership of the final agreed goals and measures. The organization has determined what motivates its employees and has set up formal and informal structures for rewarding employees that behave in the way required. Rewards may consist of a mix of internal rewards, such as challenging assignments, and external rewards, such as higher compensation and peer recognition. Skilled and respected people are available to employees to help them perform better in their current role and to assist them develop further into a future role. Mentors and coaches may be internal to an organization or external. Either way, they possess the necessary facilitation skills to assist employees develop and apply new skills. Time and material resources are available to employees, enabling them to perform to the best of their ability. Individual workloads and organizational systems and processes do not hinder employees from applying established skills or from practicing newly learned skills.
Models of job satisfaction:
Affect Theory: Edwin A. Locke’s Range of Affect Theory (1976) is arguably the most famous job satisfaction model. The main premise of this theory is that satisfaction is determined by a discrepancy between what one wants in a job and what one has in a job. Further, the theory states that how much one values a given facet of work (e.g. the degree of autonomy in a position) moderates how satisfied/dissatisfied one becomes when expectations are/aren’t met. When a person values a particular facet of a job, his satisfaction is more greatly impacted both positively (when expectations are met) and negatively (when expectations are not met), compared to one who doesn’t value that facet. To illustrate, if Employee A values autonomy in the workplace and Employee B is indifferent about autonomy, then Employee A would be more satisfied in a position that offers a high degree of autonomy and less satisfied in a position with little or no autonomy compared to Employee B. This theory also states that too much of a particular facet will produce stronger feelings of dissatisfaction the more a worker values that facet.
Dispositional Theory: Another well-known job satisfaction theory is the Dispositional Theory Template: JacksonApril 2007. It is a very general theory that suggests that people have innate dispositions that cause them to have tendencies toward a certain level of satisfaction, regardless of one’s job. This approach became a notable explanation of job satisfaction in light of evidence that job satisfaction tends to be stable over time and across careers and jobs. Research also indicates that identical twins have similar levels of job satisfaction. A significant model that narrowed the scope of the Dispositional Theory was the Core Self-evaluations Model, proposed by Timothy A. Judge in 1998. Judge argued that there are four Core Self-evaluations that determine one’s disposition towards job satisfaction: self-esteem, general self-efficacy, locus of control, and neuroticism. This model states that higher levels of self-esteem (the value one places on his/her self) and general selfefficacy (the belief in one’s own competence) lead to higher work satisfaction. Having an internal locus of control (believing one has control over her\his own life, as opposed to
outside forces having control) leads to higher job satisfaction. Finally, lower levels of neuroticism lead to higher job satisfaction.
Two-Factor Theory (Motivator-Hygiene Theory): Frederick Herzberg’s Two factor theory (also known as Motivator Hygiene Theory) attempts to explain satisfaction and motivation in the workplace. This theory states that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are driven by different factors – motivation and hygiene factors, respectively. An employee’s motivation to work is continually related to job satisfaction of a subordinate. Motivation can be seen as an inner force that drives individuals to attain personal and organizational goals. Motivating factors are those aspects of the job that make people want to perform, and provide people with satisfaction, for example achievement in work, recognition, promotion opportunities. These motivating factors are considered to be intrinsic to the job, or the work carried out. Hygiene factors include aspects of the working environment such as pay, company policies, supervisory practices, and other working conditions. While Hertzberg's model has stimulated much research, researchers have been unable to reliably empirically prove the model, with Hackman & Oldham suggesting that Hertzberg's original formulation of the model may have been a methodological artifact. Furthermore, the theory does not consider individual differences, conversely predicting all employees will react in an identical manner to changes in motivating/hygiene factors. Finally, the model has been criticized in that it does not specify how motivating/hygiene factors are to be measured.
Job Characteristics Model: Hackman & Oldham proposed the Job Characteristics Model, which is widely used as a framework to study how particular job characteristics impact on job outcomes, including job satisfaction. The model states that there are five core job characteristics (skill variety,
task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) which impact three critical psychological states (experienced meaningfulness, experienced responsibility for outcomes, and knowledge of the actual results), in turn influencing work outcomes (job satisfaction, absenteeism, work motivation, etc.). The five core job characteristics can be combined to form a motivating potential score (MPS) for a job, which can be used as an index of how likely a job is to affect an employee's attitudes and behaviors.
Relationships and practical implications: Job Satisfaction can be an important indicator of how employees feel about their jobs and a predictor of work behaviors such as organizational citizenship, absenteeism, and turnover. Further, job satisfaction can partially mediate the relationship of personality variables and deviant work behaviors. One common research finding is that job satisfaction is correlated with life satisfaction. This correlation is reciprocal, meaning people who are satisfied with life tend to be satisfied with their job and people who are satisfied with their job tend to be satisfied with life. However, some research has found that job satisfaction is not significantly related to life satisfaction when other variables such as nonworking satisfaction and core self-evaluations are taken into account. An important finding for organizations to note is that job satisfaction has a rather tenuous correlation to productivity on the job. This is a vital piece of information to researchers and businesses, as the idea that satisfaction and job performance are directly related to one another is often cited in the media and in some non-academic management literature. A recent meta-analysis found an average uncorrected correlation between job satisfaction and productivity to be r=.18; the average true correlation, corrected for research artifacts and unreliability, was r=.30. Further, the meta-analysis found that the relationship between satisfaction and performance can be moderated by job complexity, such that for high-complexity jobs the correlation between satisfaction and performance is higher (Ď =.52) than for jobs of low to
moderate complexity (Ď =.29). Job Satisfaction also has high relationship with intention to quit. It is found in many researches that Job Satisfaction can lead to Intention to stay / quit in an organization. Recent research has also shown that Intention to Quit can have effect like poor performance orientation, organizational deviance, and poor organizational citizenship behaviors (Krishnan, Sandeep., and Singh., Manjari, 2010).In short, the relationship of satisfaction to productivity is not necessarily straightforward and can be influenced by a number of other work-related constructs, and the notion that "a happy worker is a productive worker" should not be the foundation of organizational decision-making. With regard to job performance, employee personality may be more important than job satisfaction. The link between job satisfaction and performance is thought to be a spurious relationship; instead, both satisfaction and performance are the result of personality. Job Involvement:
Job involvement (Employee engagement, or Work engagement,) is a concept that is generally viewed as managing discretionary effort, that is, when employees have choices, they will act in a way that furthers their organization's interests. An engaged employee is a person who is fully involved in, and enthusiastic about, his or her work. In a study of professional service firms, the Hay Group found that offices with engaged employees were up to 43% more productive. The most striking finding is the almost 52% gaps in operating incomes between companies with highly engaged employees and companies whose employees have low-engagement scores. High-engagement companies improved 19.2% while low-engagement companies declined 32.7% in operating income during the study period. For example, New Century Financial Corporation, a U.S. specialty mortgage banking company, found that account executives in the wholesale division who were actively disengaged produced 28% less revenue than their colleagues who were engaged. Furthermore, those not engaged generated 23% less revenue than their engaged
counterparts. Engaged employees also outperformed the not engaged and actively disengaged employees in other divisions. It comes as no surprise, then, that engaged employees have been statistically linked with innovation events and better problem solving. Kahn was the first scholar to define “personal engagement” as the “…harnessing of organization member’s selves to their work roles: in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, emotionally and mentally during role performances”. Based on this definition a questionnaire was developed that assesses three dimensions: cognitive, emotional and physical engagement. An alternative academic considers work engagement as a psychological state of fulfillment and the positive antithesis of burnout. It is defined as “…a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption”. Whereby vigor is characterized by high levels of energy and mental resilience while working, the willingness to invest effort in one’s work, and persistence even in the face of difficulties; dedication by being strongly involved in one's work, and experiencing a sense of significance, enthusiasm, inspiration, pride, and challenge; and absorption by being fully concentrated and happily engrossed in one’s work, whereby time passes quickly and one has difficulties with detaching oneself from work. These three aspects are assessed by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), which is currently available in 20 languages and can be used freely for non-commercial purposes. In addition a short form and a student version are available. The reliability and validity of the UWES is documented is various studies.
Research Findings: Work engagement as measured by the UWES is positively related with, but can nevertheless be differentiated from, similar constructs such as job involvement and organizational commitment, in-role and extra-role behavior; personal initiative, Type A, and workaholism. Moreover, engaged workers are characterized by low levels of burnout,
as well as by low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion. Also they enjoy good mental and physical health . Work engagement is found to be positively associated with job resources such as social support from co-workers and from one’s superior, performance feedback, coaching, job control, task variety, opportunities for learning and development, and training facilities. In short: engaged workers work in challenging jobs. Engagement is related to better performance. For instance, engaged contact workers from hotels and restaurants produce better service quality as perceived by their customers; the more engaged university students feel the higher their next year’s Grade Point Average; the higher the level of engagement of flight attendants, the better their in- and extra-role performance on the flight; and the more engaged restaurant workers, the higher the financial turnover of the shift. It has been routinely found that employee engagement scores account for as much as half of the variance in customer satisfaction scores. This translates into millions of dollars for companies if they can improve their scores. Studies have statistically demonstrated that engaged employees are more productive, more profitable, more customer-focused, safer, and less likely to leave their employer. Employees with the highest level of commitment perform 20% better and are 87% less likely to leave the organization, which indicates that engagement is linked to organizational performance. For example, at the beverage company of MolsonCoors, it was found that engaged employees were five times less likely than non-engaged employees to have a safety incident and seven times less likely to have a lost-time safety incident. In fact, the average cost of a safety incident for an engaged employee was $63, compared with an average of $392 for a non-engaged employee. Consequently, through strengthening employee engagement, the company saved $1,721,760 in safety costs in 2002. In addition, savings were found in sales performance teams through engagement. In 2005, for example, low-engagement teams were seen
falling behind engaged teams, with a difference in performance-related costs of lowversus high-engagement teams totaling $2,104,823.3 (Lockwood). Only 29% of employees are actively engaged in their jobs. These employees work with passion and feel a profound connection to their company. People that are actively engaged help move the organization forward. 84% of highly engaged employees believe they can positively impact quality of their organization's products, compared with only 31% of the disengaged. 72% of highly engaged employees believe they can positively affect customer service, versus 27% of the disengaged. 68% of highly engaged employees believe they can positively impact costs in their job or unit, compared with just 19% of the disengaged. Engaged employees feel a strong emotional bond to the organization that employs them. This is associated with people demonstrating willingness to recommend the organization to others and commit time and effort to help the organization succeed. It suggests that people are motivated by intrinsic factors (e.g. personal growth, working to a common purpose, being part of a larger process) rather than simply focusing on extrinsic factors (e.g., pay/reward). Recent research has focused on developing a better understanding of how variables such as quality of work relationships and values of the organization interact and their link to important work outcomes. 84% of highly engaged employees believe they can positively impact the quality of their organization's products, compared with only 31 percent of the disengaged. From the perspective of the employee, "outcomes" range from strong commitment to the isolation of oneself from the organization. The study done by the Gallup Management Journal has shown that only 29% of employees are actively engaged in their jobs. Those "engaged" employees work with passion and feel a strong connection to their company. About â…” of the business units scoring above the median on employee engagement also scored above the median on performance. Moreover, 54% of employees are not engaged meaning that they go
through each workday putting time but no passion into their work. Only about â…“ of companies below the median on employee engagement scored above the median on performance.
Organizational Commitment: Organizational
commitment
in
the
fields
of
Organizational
Behavior
and
Industrial/Organizational Psychology is, in a general sense, the employee's psychological attachment to the organization. It can be contrasted with other work-related attitudes, such as Job Satisfaction, defined as an employee's feelings about their job, and Organizational identification, defined as the degree to which an employee experiences a 'sense of oneness' with their organization. Beyond this general sense, Organizational scientists have developed many nuanced definitions of organizational commitment, and numerous scales to measure them. Exemplary of this work is Meyer & Allen's model of commitment, which was developed to integrate numerous definitions of commitment that had proliferated in the literature.
Model of commitment: According to Meyer and Allen's (1991) three-component model of commitment, prior research indicated that there are three "mind sets" which can characterize an employee's commitment to the organization: Affective Commitment: AC is defined as the employee's positive emotional attachment to the organization. An employee who is affectively committed strongly identifies with the goals of the organization and desires to remain a part of the organization. This employee commits to the organization because he/she "wants to". In developing this concept, Meyer and Allen drew largely on Mowday, Porter, and Steers's (1982) concept of commitment, which in turn drew on earlier work by Kanter (1968).
Continuance Commitment: The individual commits to the organization because he/she perceives high costs of losing organizational membership, including economic costs (such as pension accruals) and social costs (friendship ties with co-workers) that would be incurred. The employee remains a member of the organization because he/she "has to". Normative Commitment: The individual commits to and remains with an organization because of feelings of obligation. These feelings may derive from many sources. For example, the organization may have invested resources in training an employee who then feels a 'moral' obligation to put forth effort on the job and stay with the organization to 'repay the debt.' It may also reflect an internalized norm, developed before the person joins the organization through family or other socialization processes, that one should be loyal to one's organization. The employee stays with the organization because he/she "ought to". •
Types: •
Intellectual Commitment
•
Emotional Commitment
•
Financial Commitment
Research on commitment outcomes examines whether the different components of commitment have certain consequences. Employee retention, attendance, organizational citizenship, and job performance are commitment outcomes that are widely studied. Reichers (1985) says that “though the literature is fairly clear with respect to the outcomes of commitment, the antecedents of commitment seem to be much more varied and inconsistent…due to the several different ways in which commitment has been defined and operational zed”. Various research studies take place examining the outcomes of employee commitment. Employee attendance is the most positively related outcome to affective commitment. Steers (1997) found that employee commitment was highly related to the attendance of
workers. Gellatlly (1995) found that continuance commitment was related with the how often an employee was absent. In a study examining a group of nurses Somers (1995) found those nurses with lower levels of commitment had higher levels of absences. Blau and Boal (1987) studied a group of insurance workers and found also found that those employees who had higher levels of commitment had lower levels of absenteeism and turnover. Retention of employee appears to be one of the most studied outcomes of organizational commitment. This is due to the numerous studies which have found a correlation between turnover and commitment (Porter et al, 1974; Meyer & Allen, 1997). Porter et al (1974) found that employees with lower levels of commitment were more likely to leave then their counterparts. Meyer and Allen (1997) argue that the different components of commitment relate to different types of outcomes, therefore continuance commitment may or may not relate to employee performance. In regards to employee performance, the research is mixed on finding relationships between employee performance and their levels of commitment. Meyer et. Al (1993) and Baugh & Roberts, (1994) both find that committed employees had high expectations of their performance and therefore performed better. However, Meyer & Allen (1997), continue to describe reasons why performance and commitment may not be related. Some of the factors include the seriousness with which supervisors value the appraisal process, the value of job performance by an organization and the amount of employee control over outcomes. Research has also found that those employees who are committed to their profession also have higher levels of commitment to the organization. Baugh and Roberts (1994) found that those employees who were committed to both their organization and their profession had high levels of job performance. Citizen behavior, or extra-role behavior, has also been studied in regards to organizational commitment. Once again the research is inconclusive about the relationship between citizen behavior and organizational commitment due to the contradicting findings. For example, Meyer et al (1993) found a positive relationship
between commitment and extra role behavior, while Van Dyne & Ang, (1998) found no significance between the relationships. Other studies have found that there was a negative relationship between commitment and citizen behavior. Objectives of the Study: i.
Broad/ General Objective: The general objective of the study will be to find out that whether the employees of Prime Bank Limited are job satisfied or not. Another objective will be to find out the organizational commitment level of the employees. Then the comparison between these two will come.
ii.
Specific Objectives: Through the specific objectives the general one can be found out. These will include: •
Are the employees satisfied with the salary?
•
Is the performance evaluation satisfactory??
•
Is the workplace environment (colleagues, infrastructural condition) up to the mark?
•
Are the employees Job Involved?
Each of these objective will have separate questions in the questionnaire and through the answers, the level of Job Satisfaction will be clear.
HYPOTHESIS: Null Hypothesis:
Job satisfaction aids to organizational commitment. I intend to prove that the employees who are job satisfied are more organizationally committed. Alternative Hypothesis:
Job Satisfaction does not aid to Organizational Commitment. METHODOLOGYOF THE STUDY: The methodology of the study will include both primary and secondary data collection. The primary data will be collected on the basis of random sampling. The sample size here is 100. The samples will be collected from the Mohakhali branch, Gulshan branh and the Principal Office at Motijheel. As stated earlier a questionnaire will be prepared for the primary data collection. On the basis of that, the interviews will be conducted. On the basis of the answers, a percentage will be there for each of the specific objectives. Depending on the nature of those percentages (high or low), the commitment of the employees can and will be determined. Thus, one of the above stated hypotheses will be proved. The relied mostly on the primary data than the secondary one. In opinion, as Bangladeshi context is in the research, there are not many data available on this context. Moreover, the direct response from the employees will reflect the actual level of organizational commitment in them. As a result, completed research almost fully on primary data. prepared a questionnaire consisting of fifteen questions. took a sample size of 100. Among them 58 were male and the 42 were female. The chose respondents from Prime Bank Limited. They were chosen from different hierarchical levels.
The questionnaire had 15 questions. They basically represent the specific objectives. Through these, it can be found out that whether the employees are job satisfied or not. While performing the surveys, The asked each respondent a question verbally and in a very informal manner. The question was that if they had a better opportunity, would they go for that leaving Prime Bank Limited or not. Form the answer of this question, the organizational commitment of the employees is clear. After that matched their satisfaction level with the commitment. In this way, was able to find out whether job satisfaction aids to organizational commitment or not. The took some secondary data from different web sources. The primary objective of this was to be clearer on the different business terms that used in the research. These sources helped me to be more concise on the topic. This also helped me to find the right approach to the employees who were respondents. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA: In questionnaire, divided the questions according to the hypothesis. There were separate questions for the specific objectives mentioned earlier. In total, there are six questions on which the whole survey stands. These questions involve Job Involvement, Workplace Environment and also Job Satisfaction issues. The analysis of the data is provided below. Job Satisfaction Issues: Remuneration:
Here, there are two dominant factors aiding to job satisfaction. The first factor is compensation. People tend to be more satisfied with the job if they are compensated well. And that in turns aids to organizational commitment. Opposite scenario is noticed if people are dissatisfied with the compensation. Question/Statement: You are satisfied with the salary you are drawing at present
•
4 respondents strongly disagreed
•
17 respondents disagreed
•
12 people were neutral about it
•
55 respondents agreed
•
12 people strongly agreed.
In case of this question, (55+12) = 67 out of 100 respondents were satisfied about the salary that they are drawing right now. Also, (17+4) = 21 respondents were not satisfied with the salary. As a result, it can be said that Job Satisfaction is high in this case, as remuneration is a major part of Job Satisfaction. To relate this response to organizational commitment, asked them orally that if there is a better offer provided, will they be leaving the organization or not. could not insert this in the questionnaire. The reason is that the answers may not be given correct. Oral questions are more casual and got satisfactory response. The relation with organizational commitment: •
4 marked: Strongly Disagree
•
17 marked: Disagree
Among the 21 people that are dissatisfied with the salary that they are drawing right now, 15 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. This is a usual response. It is obvious that people will rush for better remuneration if provided an opportunity. •
55 marked: Agree
•
12 marked: Strongly Agree
Among the 67 people that are satisfied with the salary that they are drawing right now, 41 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That is more than 61% of the satisfied respondents. It seems that though they are satisfied right now but they can leave the organization at any moment. So it seems that compensation is a dominant factor to job satisfaction but not in case of organizational commitment. Performance Evaluation Process:
The second factor is performance evaluation. People tend to be more satisfied with the job if they are satisfied with the process. And that in turns aids to organizational commitment. Opposite scenario is noticed if people are dissatisfied with the process. Question/Statement: There is biasness in case of performance evaluation
•
12 respondents strongly disagreed
•
12 respondents disagreed
•
21 people were neutral about it
•
15 respondents agreed
•
40 people strongly agreed.
In case of this question, (12+12) = 24 out of 100 respondents were satisfied about the Performance Evaluation Process. Also, (15+40) = 55 respondents were not satisfied with that. As a result, it can be said that Job Satisfaction is low in this case, as no one can be satisfied if the evaluation is biased. The relation with organizational commitment: •
12 marked: Strongly Disagree
•
12 marked: Disagree
Among the 24 people that are satisfied with the performance evaluation process, 13 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That is 54.17% of the satisfied respondents. This is not a usual response. It
seems that though they are satisfied right now but they can leave the organization at any moment. •
15 marked: Agree
•
40 marked: Strongly Agree
Among the 55 people that are dissatisfied with the performance evaluation process, 42 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That is 76.36% of the dissatisfied respondents. The Organization Commitment level is very much low here. It seems that Performance Evaluation process is a dominant factor to job satisfaction. In case of organizational commitment, it also does not influence positively. Overall, about the job satisfaction issue, it has been observed that neither compensation nor the PE process influences Organizational Commitment positively. Workplace Environment Issues:
Colleagues: In this case, there are also two dominant factors aiding to Workplace Environment. The first factor is colleagues. People tend to be more satisfied with the job if the colleagues are helpful and treat them well. And that in turns aids to organizational commitment. Opposite scenario is noticed if people are dissatisfied with the surroundings. Question/Statement: Your colleagues are helpful to you
Colle ague s are He lpfull or Not
N, 8
D, SD, 2 0
SA A
A, 40
SA, 50
N D SD
•
0 respondents strongly disagreed
•
2 respondents disagreed
•
8 people were neutral about it
•
40 respondents agreed
•
50 people strongly agreed.
In case of this question, (50+40) = 90 out of 100 respondents were satisfied about the surroundings and colleagues. Also, only 2 respondents were not satisfied with them. As a result, it can be said that Job Satisfaction is high in this case as far as colleagues are concerned. The relation with organizational commitment: •
0 marked: Strongly Disagree
•
2 marked: Disagree
It seems that employees at Prime Bank Limited are very satisfied with the surroundings that they have. However, among the 2 people that are dissatisfied with their colleagues, both of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided.
•
40 marked: Agree
•
50 marked: Strongly Agree
Among the 90 people that are satisfied with their colleagues, 42 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That is 46.66% of the satisfied respondents. It seems that though they are satisfied right now but they can leave the organization at any moment. So it seems that the surroundings of an employee or the colleagues aid to Job Satisfaction but it is not at all a dominant factor in case of organizational commitment. Infrastructural Condition: The second factor is infrastructural condition. People tend to be more satisfied with the job if they are satisfied with the infrastructure of the organization. That also includes resources available when needed. And that in turns aids to organizational commitment. Opposite scenario is noticed if people are dissatisfied with it. Question/Statement: You are satisfied with infrastructural condition of the organization Satis fie d w ith the Infr as tr uctur e or Not
D, 12
S D, 4
SA, 20
SA A N
N, 19
D A, 45
SD
•
4 respondents strongly disagreed
•
12 respondents disagreed
•
19 people were neutral about it
•
45 respondents agreed
•
20 people strongly agreed.
In case of this question, (45+20) = 65 out of 100 respondents were satisfied about the infrastructure and resources available. Also, only (4+12) = 16 respondents were not satisfied with them. It seems that employees are satisfied with the infrastructural condition of the bank. As a result, it can be said that Job Satisfaction is high in this case. The relation with organizational commitment: •
4 marked: Strongly Disagree
•
12 marked: Disagree
It seems that employees at Prime Bank Limited are very satisfied with the surroundings that they have. However, among the 16 people that are dissatisfied with their colleagues, 5 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That implies though they are dissatisfied with the infrastructure, only 31.25% of them are not organizationally committed. It also points out that satisfaction with infrastructure may affect Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment negatively here. •
45 marked: Agree
•
20 marked: Strongly Agree
Among the 65 people that are satisfied with the infrastructure, 48 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That is 73.84% of the satisfied respondents. It seems that though they are satisfied right now but majority of them may leave the organization at any moment.
So it seems that the surroundings of an employee in terms of infrastructure may aid to Job Satisfaction but has very little to aid organizational commitment. Overall, about the Workplace Environment issue, it has been observed that neither colleagues nor the infrastructure influences Organizational Commitment positively. Job Involvement Issues: Willingness to Work Hard:
In this case, there are also two dominant factors aiding to Job Involvement. The first factor is if the employees are trying to their best to perform well or not. This is the symptom of Job satisfaction. If an employee is doing that then he loves his job. And that in turns aids to organizational commitment. Opposite scenario is noticed if people are reluctant to work hard. Question/Statement: You push yourself to the limit to perform well
•
8 respondents strongly disagreed
•
5 respondents disagreed
•
11 people were neutral about it
•
35 respondents agreed
•
41 people strongly agreed.
In case of this question, (35+41) = 76 out of 100 respondents were willing to work really hard to perform well. As stated earlier, this itself is a sign of Job Satisfaction. Also, 13 respondents were not that much willing to give everything to his or her work. It is clear that these are the people who are not that much satisfied with their jobs. As a result, it can be said that Job Satisfaction is high in this case. The relation with organizational commitment: •
8 marked: Strongly Disagree
•
5 marked: Disagree
It seems that employees at Prime Bank Limited are very much willing to work hard. However, among the 13 people that admitted that they do not want to work that hard, 9 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That brings 69.23% of the dissatisfied employees into scrutiny. •
35 marked: Agree
•
41 marked: Strongly Agree
Among the 76 people that are willing to work hard, 40 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That is 52.63% of the satisfied respondents. It seems that though they are satisfied right now but they can leave the organization at any moment. So it seems that Job Satisfaction is there but it is not at all a dominant factor in case of organizational commitment.
Willing to do something Extra:
The second factor is whether the employees are satisfied to this extending that they will work beyond their assigned responsibilities or not. This is the symptom of Job satisfaction. If an employee is doing that then he loves his job. And that in turns aids to organizational commitment. Opposite scenario may be noticed if people are reluctant to work hard. Question/Statement: You are willing to work beyond your assigned responsibilities
Willingne ss for Additional Work
D, 10 N, 4
SD, 8
SA, 28
SA A N D
A, 50
•
8 respondents strongly disagreed
•
10 respondents disagreed
•
4 people were neutral about it
•
50 respondents agreed
•
28 people strongly agreed.
SD
In case of this question, (50+28) = 78 out of 100 respondents were willing to work really hard to perform well, even beyond their responsibilities. As stated earlier, this itself is a sign of Job Satisfaction. Also, 18 respondents were not that much willing to give everything to his or her work. It is clear that these are the people who are not that much
satisfied with their jobs. As a result, it can be said that Job Satisfaction is high in this case. The relation with organizational commitment: •
8 marked: Strongly Disagree
•
10 marked: Disagree
It seems that employees at Prime Bank Limited are very hardworking. However, among the 18 people that are dissatisfied with their jobs, 12 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That implies they are much dissatisfied with their jobs, 66.66% of them are not organizationally committed. It also points out that satisfaction with infrastructure may affect Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment positively here. •
50 marked: Agree
•
28 marked: Strongly Agree
Among the 78 people that are satisfied with the salary that they are drawing right now, 41 of them responded that they will leave Prime Bank Limited if any better opportunity is provided. That is 52.56% of the satisfied respondents. It seems that though they are satisfied right now but majority of them may leave the organization at any moment. So it seems that though these employees are job satisfied but their attitude has very little to aid organizational commitment. Overall, even about the Job Involvement issue, it has been observed that it does not influence Organizational Commitment positively. Secondary Data:
In research did not use many secondary sources. The took some secondary data from different web sources. The primary objective of this was to be clearer on the different business terms that used in the research. These sources helped to be more concise on the topic. This also helped to find the right approach to the employees who were respondents. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: Eventually the null hypothesis has been proven wrong. Theoretically, that should not have been the case, but it is. There are some reasons behind it. These are elaborated below: Bangladeshi Context:
Generally, Job Satisfaction is a part of Occupational Commitment. The employees who are Job Satisfied, mostly they are occupationally committed. But, it has some link to Organizational Commitment as well. But the result that got out of the research is totally out of the world. Here, majority of the employees of Prime Bank Limited are Job Satisfied. But a very low percentage of people are Organizationally Committed. The prime reason is that it is Bangladesh. Here, traditionally, long term commitments have no value. Here people are always in search for opportunity. No one is willing to make his or her career in less than three organizations, let alone a single one. Employer’s Practice: The organizations have also some role to play in case of Organizational Commitment. Organization must make the environment as such that the employees do not wish to change their organization. Here, in most of the organizations, the employees are a matter of least concern. If the employers value the employee, only then the employees will value the organization.
The Concept Still Needs to Come: In Bangladesh, there is no term as Organizational Commitment. People always run for opportunities. They start looking for a new job the next day they join one. This is surely
not because they do not like the job, they want more. In such context, according to, the concept of Organizational Commitment still needs to be initiated, as it has not been yet. SUGGESTIONS: The first step towards Organizational Commitment should come from the organization itself. If the organization makes the working environment and the design jobs in a manner that the employee chooses to stay, only then the term can come into use. Employees will always look for better opportunities. They have their career to deal with. The organizations should also think that why is that employee leaving? Why is the other company recruiting him? What is in him or her that the other company wants? Can the organization afford to loose that? If that is not the case, if the organizations think only about short term profitability, then Organizational Commitment will never have its existence here. CONCLUSION: Did not think that hypothesis would be proven wrong. From the result, compelled to conclude that the concept of organizational commitment in our country is yet to build up. The employees of Prime Bank Limited are enthusiastic, creative and they look for scopes. That is why they search for newer employment. They are rather occupationally committed. However, from the research it is clear that neither job satisfaction nor workplace environment or job involvement aids to organizational commitment positively in Bangladeshi context. At the end of the study, there were some questions that were important for conducting research should be answered. The answers are given below with the questions: •
In which way the employees of Prime Bank Limited are committed? o Most of the employees of Prime Bank Limited are occupationally committed.
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Does Job Satisfaction affect their Organizational Commitment?
o No it does not. Many of them are satisfied with their jobs but they will switch if better opportunity is provided. •
If yes, then in which way, positively or negatively? o This cannot be qualified. Majority of the employees are not organizationally committed. Job Satisfaction does not have anything to do with that.
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What other factors affect the organizational commitment? o In case of the employees of Prime Bank Limited, there are no such factors. The concept of Organizational Commitment is not there.
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If the commitment that the employees have is not for the best of the bank, what are the possible ways to cope up with that? o The bank should be proactive in this regard. This point is discussed in the “Suggestions” section.
There were also some broad objectives and some specific objectives. Broad/ General Objective: The general objective of the study was to find out that whether the employees of Prime Bank Limited are job satisfied or not. The majority of employees are satisfied with their jobs. Another objective was to find out the organizational commitment level of the employees. This level is very low among the employees. Specific Objectives: •
Are the employees satisfied with the salary? o Majority of the employees are satisfied with the salary.
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Is the performance evaluation satisfactory? o Majority of the employees pointed out that the performance evaluation system is not satisfactory. They have taken it for granted. Though they are not satisfied with it but they are not willing to do anything about it.
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Is the workplace environment (colleagues, infrastructural condition) up to the mark? o Majority of the employees responded that the workplace environment is up to the mark.
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Are the employees Job Involved? o Majority of the employees say that they are job involved.
REFERENCE: 1. (n.d.). Organizational commitment. Retrieved August 21, 2010, from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organizationalcommitment.html 2. (n.d.). Job satisfaction. Retrieved August 21, 2010, from http://www.answers.com/topic/job-satisfaction 3. (n.d.). Job involvement. Retrieved August 21, 2010, from http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Job_involvement 4. (n.d.). Workplace environment. Retrieved August 21, 2010, from http://www.businessperform.com/html/workplace_environment.html BIBLIOGRAPHY: There is no document that can be included in this part.