Cochlear Implant Hearing Loss Treatment
What is Cochlear Implant? It
is a combination of external and internal devices that aim to restore hearing to sensorineural hearing loss patients It corrects both pre- and post-lingual hearing loss It does not restore functionality to natural cochlea; only stimulates auditory nerve directly Restored hearing after the device being installed is not exactly like natural hearing
Problem being solved with the help of Cochlear Implant Sensorineural hearing loss It is found to be the most common form of hearing loss Damage caused to either brain or auditory nerve, but most commonly sensory cells of cochlea (cochlear implant used for patients with this type) More than 1.2 million people are affected by hearing loss; sensorineural being the most common form Functioning cochlea: vibrations cause fluid movement, which is sensed by hair cells of cochlea causing action potential firing to auditory nerve These cells don’t function in those with cochlear implants
Current Technology
5 major components External devices: Microphone-wraps around front of ear Speech processor-behind ear; attached to microphone Transmitter-above processor Internal devices: Receiver/stimulator-across from transmitter Electrode array-placed on natural cochlea; wired to receiver
How Cochlear Implant works
Microphone picks up sound, and further sends it to speech processor Speech processor filters sound, converts to electrical signals through fast Fourier Transforms Transmitter wirelessly sends signals to receiver/stimulator Receiver/stimulator sends electrical current according to received signal to electrodes Electrodes stimulate auditory nerve
Who is a Candidate for a cochlear implant?
Children Have profound hearing loss in both ears. Get little or no benefit through the use of hearing aids. Are healthy and any medical conditions would not compromise surgery. Understand (when able), along with their parents, their role in the successful use of cochlear implants. Have support from an educational program that will emphasize the development of auditory skills.
Continue Adults Have severe or profound hearing loss in both ears. Get little or no benefit from hearing aids. Have
no medical problems that could put them at risk during surgery. Have a strong desire to be part of the hearing world and communicate through listening, speaking, and speech reading.
Risks and Complications
During surgery remaining hearing in the implanted ear may be lost permanently. Because the surgery is done in the vicinity of the nerve that moves the face, there is a remote possibility that temporary or permanent facial paralysis may occur after surgery. There is a slight risk that the patient may experience taste disturbances, such as a metallic taste, following cochlear implant surgery. There is the risk that the surgical site may become infected, which might require removal of the device.
Effectiveness of the Procedure
One study shows ability of cochlear implant recipients to identify sentences over telephone with 82 % success rate (prelingual) and 70% success rate (post-lingual) With an adaptor, the success rate increases to 93% and 88%, respectively Speech development in children For each 6 month period over first 30 months after receiving implant, subjects’ increase in “language age” was about double that of subjects without implants Some performed at around same level as non-impaired
Limitations of Cochlear Implant
The procedure requires intense therapy post-implantation to achieve high level of speech comprehension (especially for post-lingual patients) Device has trouble processing late echoing effects that go unnoticed by non-impaired ears Cochlear Implant costs between $45,000 and $125,000 Surgical complications of the procedure include infection, facial muscle weakness, facial paralysis, damaged vestibular system, loss of all residual hearing
Future Direction Improvement
in surgical techniques to keep residual
hearing intact If cure came about, patients would want what natural hearing still remained Different electrode arrangements Longer electrode arrays have shown potential to increase pitch range Variations in electrode spacing at different points on the cochlea could improve sound quality
Best hospitals available for Cochlear Implant in India?
Apollo Spectra Hospital, Bangalore Apollo Spectra Hospital, New Delhi Columbia Asia Hospital, Bangalore Columbia Asia Hospital, Gurgaon Apollo Hospital, Chennai Sevenhills Hospital, Mumbai Fortis Vasant Kunj, New Delhi Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon BLK Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi Moolchand Medcity, New Delhi Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata Wockhardt Hospital, Bangalore
Cost of Cochlear Implant in India? The average cost of cochlear implant in India
will cost around Rs. 20 lakhs. The average cost of Cochlear Implant in India is very
low as compared to the other countries.
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