PROSTATE CANCER
CAUSES | SYMPTOMS | DIAGNOSIS | TREATMENT
INTRODUCTION TO PROSTATE CANCER is one of the • Prostate cancer most common types of cancer in men that occurs in a man's prostate gland- a small walnut-shaped gland that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. • Some prostate cancers grow very slowly and may not cause symptoms or problems for years. • Compared with other forms of cancer, prostate cancer is different because many tumours do not spread from the prostate. • There
are
two
types
of
prostate cancers-
SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH PROSTATE CANCER In the early stages, prostate cancer never shows any signs. It is only in the advanced stage when the symptoms start to appear. • Frequent urination • Weak or interrupted urine flow or the need to strain to empty the bladder • Blood in the urine • The urge to urinate frequently at night • Blood in the seminal fluid • Pain or burning during urination, which is much less common • Discomfort when sitting, caused by an enlarged prostate
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS FOR PROSTATE CANCER If your oncologist suspects you of prostate cancer, he may suggest the following tests and procedures to diagnose prostate cancer : • Ultrasound: Your oncologist may use ultrasound to further evaluate your prostate when other test results are suspicious. • Collecting a sample of prostate tissue: A prostate biopsy will be performed if the initial test results suggest prostate cancer. The tissue sample is analyzed in a lab to determine whether cancer cells are present.
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS FOR PROSTATE CANCER • Digital rectal exam (DRE): During this procedure, your doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into your rectum to examine your prostate. If he finds any irregularity, you may need more tests. sample is • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test : Blood drawn from a vein in your arm and analyzed for PSA. Presence of small amount of PSA is considered normal but a higher than normal level may be an indication of prostate infection , inflammation, enlargement or cancer.
AVAILABLE TREATMENTS FOR PROSTATE CANCER Immediate treatment may not be necessary for men diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer. When the cancer advances, the following treatment options can be explored: • Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses highpowered energy to kill cancer cells. For prostate cancer , it can be delivered in two ways, (i) external beam radiation and (ii) radiation placed inside your body. • Hormone therapy: Hormone therapy is treatment to stop your body from making the male hormone testosterone. Prostate cancer cells rely on testosterone to help them grow. Cutting off the supply of hormones
AVAILABLE TREATMENTS FOR PROSTATE CANCER for prostate cancer involves • Surgery: Surgery removing the prostate gland, some surrounding tissue and a few lymph nodes. Cryosurgery: The procedure involves freezing tissue to kill cancer cells. • Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill rapidly growing cells, including cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be administered through a vein in your arm, in pill form or both. • Biological therapy: Also known as immunotherapy, this procedure uses your body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.
PROSTATE CANCER RISK REDUCTION • Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains • Limit your intake of red meat (beef, pork or lamb), especially high fat or processed meats like deli meat, hot dogs and bacon • Get to and stay at a healthy weight • Be physically active • Get sufficient vitamin D - The American cancer society states that recent studies found that men with high levels of vitamin D seems to have lower risk of developing more lethal forms of prostate cancer • Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake
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