Tennessee Turfgrass - December / January 2005 by leadingedgepubs

The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association

TS COLD TOLERANCE-TN

3/11/04

4:32 PM

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The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association

TABLE OF CONTENTS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2005

FEATURED ARTICLES

10 26

Wear Tolerance of Bermudagrasses

Better Bunkers Through Better Players

Basics of Safety

Basics of Safety for Turfgrass Workers

DEPARTMENTS

From the President, Jeff Case

A Message from TVSTMA, Billy Clark

Greens Gatherings, TGCSA Seminar

TTA 2005 Conference Program

Turf Tips, Dallisgrass Control

Calendar of Events

Index of Advertisers

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2005

Wear Tolerance

Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com

Better Bunkers

FROM THE PRESIDENT

JEFF CASE

Your TTA Conference and Show, January 4-6, 2005, Really Does Have More to Offer!

must begin by sharing some very sad news with you. As many of you may already know, Dr. Houston Couch passed away on September 13. Dr. Couch was a long-time friend of our Association, as well as many other turf organizations. A renowned professor and turf scientist at Virginia Tech, he was a national leader in plant pathology. For many years, he enlightened us with the latest technical information from his research and delivered it in his own unique way. While we could always count on walking away from one of his seminars with invaluable information, it was his style to which most of us were drawn. Dr. Couch was always available and approachable at turf conferences and was an absolute delight to talk with one on one. He will be sorely missed. In the truest sense, he was a gentleman and a scholar. As I began writing this letter, Senator John Kerry had just made his concession speech. George W. Bush will be President for another four years. I know many of you, like me, were on pins and needles the previous 24 hours. What will become of our country if our candidate did not win? How, if at all, will our lives be affected? Then I thought about how very fortunate we are to even be asking those questions. Citizens of most countries can only dream of playing an active role in the choosing of their government. Even if they do have this freedom, their quality of life does not compare to ours. For some reason, God has chosen to bless our young nation, and sometimes I think we take this a little too lightly. It can easily be taken for granted. We should feel very fortunate to have been born here (or immigrated here) because we live in the greatest nation in the world. I guess, with the holidays upon us, my sensitive side got the best of me. I’ll work on that. Now, let me get down from this soapbox, and let’s talk about TTA.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2005

Most of us have several venues in which to learn more about turf management and receive pesticide points. Why, then, is it important to choose the Tennessee Turfgrass Association’s Conference and Show, scheduled this year for January 4-6 at the Opryland Hotel in Nashville? As you might expect, my opinion is somewhat biased, but your TTA Conference and Show really does have more to offer. During our event, more Tennessee turfgrass professionals are together, in one place, at the same time, than at any other time of year. Come with technical questions for any of the University of Tennessee staff who will be attending and presenting. Come ready to discuss possible purchases you may be making with any of our fine vendors that will be on hand. Come ready to “talk shop” with your professional peers (because you know they will be there!). Come to experience one of the best educational events ever put together, including nationally soughtafter experts. Come simply to support your association. Whatever the reason, I hope to see all of you there. On Friday, January 7, the GCSAA and TGCSA will host a seminar on developing your hazard-communication program (see page 15 of this issue.) This is a full-day seminar, also at the Opryland Hotel. I hope to see you there, as well. If you, or anyone you know, wishes to become involved in the TTA at the Board or committee level, please notify Bobby Stringer, Nominating Committee Chairman (901-754-7755). Elections of the new Board will take place during our Annual Meeting, following the Awards and Honors luncheon on Thursday, January 6.

Jeff Case TTA President T

Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com

The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association

GPS

MAPPING SERVICE Tennessee Turfgrass is the official publication of The Tennessee Turfgrass Association 400 Franklin Road Franklin, Tennessee 37069 (615) 591-8286 tnturfgrassassn@aol.com Published by Leading Edge Communications, LLC P.O. Box 680142 Franklin, Tennessee 37068-0142 (615) 790-3718 Fax (615) 794-4524 Email: info@leadingedgecommunications.com Editors Mr. Bill Blackburn Mr. Derek Oglesby Mr. Lynn Ray Mr. Jeff Rumph TTA OFFICERS President Mr. Jeff Case Quail Ridge Golf Course (901) 388-9114 Vice President Mr. Phil Luckett Brentwood Country Club (615) 370-8054 Secretary/Treasurer Mr. Bill Francis The Ridges Golf & Country Club (423) 913-2276 Executive Secretary Jim Uden (615) 591-8286

As-Built Drawings Area Measurements Yardages Custom

(615) 872-7576 Re p a i r • C o n s t r u c t i o n • De s i g n

TTA 2004 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. Dick Breedlove Mrs. Monica Lalinde-Cooper Mr. Bill Francis Mr. Roger Frazier Mr. Bob Hogan Mr. Mickey Lovett Mr. Tommy Mittlesteadt Mr. Derek Oglesby Mr. Mitch Parker Mr. Bobby Stringer Mr. Dan Stump Mr. Tommy Warden Mr. Scott Wicker TTA ADVISORY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD Mr. Bill Blackburn Mr. Jeff Rumph Mr. Lynn Ray Dr. Tom Samples Dr. Dennis Shepard Dr. John Sorochan

SPRIGGING SERVICE ALSO AVAILABLE

A MESSAGE FROM TVSTMA

2004 comes to an end, I must say it has been a fun and informative season with the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association. I am honored to have been elected to serve as the 2004 TVSTMA President.Â

We were fortunate to have three great events in the three grand divisions of Tennessee. First, we visited the Nashville Sounds in the spring, then moved on to UT Knoxville in mid-season and finally ended with UT Martin and the City of Martin Parks in September. Collectively, we had over 150 members and vendors at these events. The TVSTMA also wants to say THANKS to Dr. Neil Rhodes, Dr. Tom Samples, Dr. Scott McElroy and Dr. John Sorochan and their staff at the University of Tennessee, as well as Dr. Terry Vassey at UT-Martin, for their terrific turf plots. With the great research being conducted, they are making an immediate impact on Tennessee sports turf. The TVSTMA is an interactive organization that brings sports-turf managers together to obtain the most solid sports-turf-management practices. In 2005, I urge all members and anyone interested in our growing industry to become involved. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t forget the Tennessee Turfgrass Association Conference, January 4-6, 2005, at the Opryland Hotel in Nashville. Darian Daily with the Cincinnati Bengals will be the keynote speaker for the sportsturf session. Come learn with us! Have a great holiday season!

Billy Clark President, TVSTMA

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2005

Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com

The Tennessee Turfgrass Association serves its members in the industry through education, promotion and representation. The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, its staff, or its board of directors, Tennessee Turfgrass Magazine, or its editors. Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or Turfgrass Association members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in this, past or subsequent issues of this quarterly publication. Copyright ©2004 by the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. Tennessee Turfgrass is published bi-monthly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. POSTMASTER: Send change of address notification to Tennessee Turfgrass Association, 400 Franklin Road, Franklin, TN 37069. Postage guaranteed. Third-class postage is paid at Franklin, TN. Printed in the U.S.A. Reprints and Submissions: Tennessee Turfgrass allows reprinting of material. Permission requests should be directed to the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information. Advertising: For display and classified advertising rates and insertions, please contact Leading Edge Communications, LLC, P.O. Box 680142, Franklin, TN 37068-0142, (615) 790-3718, Fax (615) 794-4524.

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By Theresa Bayrer, Graduate Research Assistant, Virginia Tech

[Editorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Note: Theresa Bayrer graduated from Virginia Tech in Spring 2000, with a B.S. in CSES, Turfgrass Management. She then attended the University of Kentucky from fall 2001 through spring 2004, for her M.S. degree in Plant Science, which is when she conducted the research detailed in this article. Ms. Bayyer returned to Virginia Tech this past summer to work on her Ph.D.]

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2005

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CONTINUED

Wear Tolerance

urfgrass damage from traffic and wear can typically be quantified by that which occurs above and below the soil. The above-ground damage — that of scuffing, tearing and bruising of the leaves, crown and stem tissues — is most commonly termed as wear, and this type of damage was what we studied in this experiment. Each species of turfgrass, and sometimes even each cultivar or variety, has a different ability to tolerate direct physical damage to above-ground tissues. Primarily, though, it is the plants’ above-ground biomass, including a moderate layer of thatch, that helps protect the crowns from damage. More specifically, a turfgrass with stolons and rhizomes is more likely to have a stronger wear tolerance than a turf which lacks one or both of these structures, which is why bermudagrass is such a common turfgrass chosen for athletic fields. Indeed, any increase in the amount of above-ground structures is likely to provide greater resistance to wear.

Materials

and

Methods

This experiment was conducted in 2002 and 2003 at the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station in Fayette County, Kentucky. ‘Quickstand’ bermudagrass was chosen as the vegetative variety, based on its heavy use within the state of Kentucky and throughout the transition zone. The seeded cultivars ‘Riviera’, ‘Yukon’ and ‘Princess 77’ were selected based on University of Kentucky NTEP evaluation data for cold tolerance and overall turf quality. Plots were established in mid-June using Remay® growth covers and had reached full coverage before beginning the trial at the end of August. Seeded cultivars were sown at rates of .5 lb. and 1 lb. of pure live seed per 1,000 ft2. Quickstand was sprigged at 250 and 500 bushels per acre. For both years, only nitrogen fertilizer was applied (.5 lb./1,000 ft2 every two weeks throughout the growing season), as the soil tests indicated more than adequate levels of phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. Studying the conditions of a sports field requires that the type of use, overall playability and safety, as well as aesthetics, be considered as components in the measure of wear tolerance. The forces that represent wear occur at a broad range of angles, but for simplicity they are often reduced to horizontal and vertical forces. Although the random elements associated with athletic play cannot be exactly simulated by a machine, it is more desirable scientifically to have a test that would be easier to reproduce. Therefore, simulated wear was applied using a Brinkman traffic simulator (BTS), which was developed specifically to mimic the shearing forces as well as the number of cleat penetrations that can be measured within the hash marks and 20-yardlines following a typical professional football game. Three levels of simulated traffic (equivalents to one, two or three games) were applied weekly throughout the high-school football season, beginning around the third week of August and ending the second week of November. Plots receiving

three games per week were worn Wednesday, Thursday and Friday in order to simulate the regular use of a high-school football field (i.e., ninth grade, Jr. varsity and varsity games). Similar protocol was followed for other wear applications. All traffic treatments were applied weekly (so the plots received more wear events than a standard high-school field may) in both years and in all weather perceived as permissible for a football game (e.g., any weather with the exception of lightning/ thunderstorms). To compare the differences between damaged turfs, this study included measurements of percent of turfgrass coverage (to account for playability and safety) and turfgrass quality ratings (to provide a picture of the overall aesthetics of each cultivar following simulated wear). Also, previous studies have indicated that moderate thatch accumulations may contribute to increased wear tolerance. Thatch production during the establishment year in swards of non-overseeded bermudagrass (both seeded and vegetative cultivars) is attributed mainly to stolon production. Therefore, in a secondary analysis, samples were harvested from all plots that did not receive traffic, and the fresh weights of stolons were measured and recorded.

Results No differences between seeding or sprigging rates for any measurements in any traffic treatment were seen for any cultivar tested in either year. As a result, all data reported are the averages of both establishment rates. In both years, all cultivars achieved near or equal to 100% turf coverage before the applications of wear were initiated.

Zero Games / Week Within these plots, Riviera maintained higher turf-quality ratings than did Quickstand throughout the 2003 season and also received the highest end-of-year rating of 3.6 (end-ofseason ratings were affected by the discoloration effects of winter dormancy). Princess 77 performed as well as Riviera, but Yukon was out-performed by all other cultivars.

The Brickman Traffic Simulator, University of Kentucky traffic plots

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

Wear Tolerance

CONTINUED

Three Games / Week By the end of the 2002 season, the average turfgrass-coverage ratings were as follows: Riviera (58%), Princess 77 (54%), Quickstand (49%) and Yukon (38%). Also, we felt that any cover rating falling below 50% provided a playing surface that could be considered unsafe. As a result, Figures 1 and 2 have a reference line superimposed at the 50% level. With this in mind, Riviera and Princess 77 provided acceptable coverage throughout the 2002 season.

In 2003, the order of cultivar cover ratings was the same as in 2002: Riviera (73%), Princess 77 (64%), Quickstand (49%) and Yukon (34%). Also, as in 2002, Riviera and Princess were the only cultivars to measure above 50% turf coverage by the last observation date in 2003.

Stolon Fresh Weights We found no correlations between the wear tolerance of a cultivar and the fresh weight of its stolons (Figure 3). However, this study has shown that sports-turf managers may expect no reduction in stolon production, turf quality or wear tolerance at reduced establishment rates (.5 lb. PLS and 1 lb. PLS/1,000 ft2).

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Our tests showed that two of the newly developed, seeded cultivars (though they were developed on the basis of cold tolerance and improved turf quality) were as good and often better than Quickstand at withstanding the pressures of intense simulated wear. Though Princess 77 and Riviera rarely outperformed each other, previous studies have indicated that Princess 77 is not as cold-tolerant as Riviera and as such exhibits a much slower spring green-up. This was also observed in our work. Yukon was not able to compete with any of the other cultivars under any level of simulated wear in this study. It performed poorly in comparison with Quickstand, and it was often the first plot within each treatment to measure below our defined acceptable levels (in both quality and cover) for both seasons. Therefore, we conclude that Yukon would not be a good cultivar choice for high-traffic situations. Both Princess 77 and Riviera were able to maintain turf cover above 50%, even under the pressure of three games per week. In fact, for the 2003 season, the lowest mean turfgrass cover for Riviera was 73%. Weather data has not been included in this article, but it is likely that the reduced turfcover ratings (that is, reduced wear tolerance) in 2002 vs. 2003 was due to greater rainfall amounts during the 2002 season, specifically immediately prior to or during applications of simulated wear. Therefore it may be concluded that both Riviera and Princess 77 are able to tolerate simulated traffic as well or better than the vegetative standard in Kentucky, Quickstand, and are viable options for

3 c

Wear Tolerance

Princess 77 Riviera Quickstand Yukon

P5ercent Turf Coverage, 21 November, 2002 a

100

100 b

Princess 77 Riviera Quickstand Yukon

4 80

80 b c

3 60

% Turf Cover

2 40

20 20

2002

2003

Experimental year from which samples were taken Figure 3 Stolon fresh weights, by year of study, for Princess 77, Riviera, Quickstand, and Yukon. Bars labeled with the same letter within years are not significantly different (P<0.05). 0 Zero games One game Two games Three games

Zero games One game Two games Three games Simulated traffic applications (games per week in an eleven week season) Simulated traffic applications (games per week in an eleven week season)

Figure 1 Percent turf coverage of Princess, Riviera, Quickstand and Yukon for November 21, 2002. Reference line (50%)

level of percent cover above which turf was deemed acceptable for American football play. Bars labeled with the Figuredenotes 1 Percent Riviera, Quickstand and Yukon for same letters withinturf trafficcoverage treatments areof not Princess, significantly different (P<0.05) November 21, 2002. Reference line (50%) denotes level of percent cover above which turf was deemed acceptable for American football play. Bars labeled with the same letters within traffic treatments are not significantly different (P<0.05)

Percent Turf Coverage, 9 November, 2003 100

100

Princess 77 Riviera Quickstand Yukon

a b

c c

b c

% Turf Cover

60 60

CONTINUED

1 sports-turf managers, either in new 2002 establishments or annual renovations. Experimental year from which sa One striking result of this work will be Figure 3 Stolon fresh weights, by year of study, for Princess 77, Rivier within years are not significantly different (P<0.05). for athletic-fieldlettermanagers who would prefer the durability and resilience of a bermudagrass athletic field, but in the past could not afford it. A sprig-installed, vegetative bermudagrass football field costs about $3,200 for materials and labor. In comparison, the costs of seeded bermudagrass 100varieties Riviera and a a a a a Princess are currently between $15 and b 80 $23 per pound of coated seed. Therefore c b c the materials cost of installing the same field would be between $605â&#x20AC;&#x201C;$1,070 at 60 the .5 lb. PLS/1,000 ft2 rate, and between $1,210 - $2,140 at the 1 lb. PLS/1,000 40 ft2 rate. Additionally, many venues already have the equipment on site and 20 personnel with the ability to establish or renovate by seed, whereas most sprigging and sodding0 is contracted out. T Zero games

One game

a d b

40 40

20 20

Zero games games Zero

One game Two games games Three games One game Two Three games

Simulated traffic applications (games per week in an eleven week season) Figure 2 Percent turf coverage of Princess, Riviera, Quickstand and Yukon for November 9, 2003. Reference line (50%) denotes level of percent cover above which turf was deemed acceptable for American football play. Bars labeled with the same letters within traffic treatments are not significantly different (P<0.05).

Stolon Fresh Weights 6

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Simulated traffic applications (games per Figure 2 Percent turf coverage of Princess, Riviera, Quickstand and denotes level of percent cover above which turf was deemed accept same letters within traffic treatments are not significantly different (

Call this number today for a c free brochure and price list 22 for Golfco urethane rollers, available for all golf course 11 reel-type mowers. Virtually 2002 2003 2002 2003 Experimentalindestructible, year from which samples were takenthese rollers Experimental year from which samples were taken have sealed bearings that Figure 3 Stolon fresh weights, by year of study, for Princess 77, Riviera, Quickstand, and Yukon. Bars labeled are with the same Figure Stolon weights, by(P<0.05). year of study, for Princess 77, Riviera, Quickstand, letter 3 within years arefresh not significantly different are and Yukon. Bars labeled with the non-regreasable same letter within years are and not significantly different (P<0.05). designed to eliminate buildup of debris. T E N N E S S E E T U R F G R A S S A S S O C I A T I O N â&#x20AC;˘ T E N N E S S E E V A L L E Y S P O R T S T U R F M A N A G E R S A S S O C I A T I O N c

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Program & MEMBER REGISTRATION 16

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2005

Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com

Educational Program

39th Annual Tennessee Turfgrass Association Conference and Trade Show

J a n u a r y 4 TH- 6 TH, 2 0 0 5 Opryland Hotel • 2800 Opryland Drive Nashville, TN 37214 • 615-889-1000

TUESday, January 4 Golf Course Symposium

12:30 pm “ The University of Tennessee Turf Management and Turfgrass Weed Science Research & Extension Review.”

2:45 pm “ The Effect of Equipment Changes on Golf Course Design, Construction and Maintenance.” Mr. Gary R. Baird 3:30 pm “Rules For Superintendents.” Mr. Matt Vanderpool

Tennessee DE

Ms. Pamela Baird Mr. Gregory Breeden Mr. Matthew Goddard Mr. Paul Hahn Dr. Frank A. Hale Dr. J. Scott McElroy Dr. Darren K. Robinson Mr. John Robison Dr. Tom Samples Mr. Stephen Sayrs Dr. John C. Sorochan Mr. Daniel Strunk Dr. Alan S. Windham Dr. Janice M. Zale

2:00 pm BREAK 2:15 pm “ Roundup-Ready Bentgrass – An Update.” Dr. Eric K. Nelson

E&S

Dr. J. Scott McElroy and Mr. Gregory Breeden

Delta Island E

8:15 am – “ Workplace Preparation and Communication.” Ms. Susan Herrington Hermitage AB

4:00 pm “Golf Course Management 2020.” Mr. Chris Hartwiger

8:15 am – “ Small Engine Care and Maintenance.” Mr. Gary S. Honea

4:30 pm “ The University of Tennessee Turf Management and Turfgrass Weed Science Research & Extension Review (Continued).”

10:15 am – “ New and Not-So-New Herbicides for Broadleaf Weed Control.” Dr. J. Scott McElroy and Mr. Gregory Breeden

WEDNESday, January 5 Workshops

8:15 am – “ Have You Seen This?” Dr. Alan S. Windham, Dr. Frank A. Hale and Dr. Tom Samples Cheekwood ABC

8:15 am – “ Sedges, Rushes and Weed Grasses, Uh Oh!”

Delta Island F

10:15 am – “Getting the Most from Turfgrass Soils.” Dr. F. Clinton (Clint) Waltz, Jr. Delta Island E

10:15 am – “ Resolving Workplace Conflicts Quickly and Successfully.” Ms. Susan Herrington Hermitage AB

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10:15 am – “ Financial Planning Now with the Future in Mind.” AmSouth Investment Services, Inc. Hermitage ABC

12:00 pm – Lunch Special Topics 1:00 pm – “ Biostimulants and Turfgrasses – A Research Update.” Dr. Eric Irvin Hermitage AB

1:00 pm – “ Irrigation Systems for Today’s Turfs.” Ms. Lynda Wightman Cheekwood ABC

1:00 pm – “ Commonly Asked Questions Concerning Pesticides.” Dr. Dennis Shepard Delta Island F

1:35 pm – “ Personnel Management – A Layman’s Perspective.” Dr. Greg Bell Delta Island E

1:35 pm – “ Using Tall Grass Species in the Golf Course Landscape.” Dr. Terry L. Vassey Hermitage E

1:35 pm – “ Fungicide Programs for Turfgrasses in the Southeast.” Dr. S. Bruce Martin, Jr. Delta Island ABC

2:15 pm – Trade Show

THURSday, January 6 Golf Course Session Washington B

8:00 am – Welcome

8:05 am – “Futuristic Turf Fertilization.” Dr. Greg Bell 8:45 am – “ Controlling Algae and Moss on the Green Surface.” Dr. Douglas E. Karcher Lawn and Grounds Session President Chamber B

8:00 am – Welcome 8:05 am – “ Cost-Effective and Environmentally Sound Approaches to Insect Management.” Dr. Rick L. Brandenburg 8:45 am – “ Comparing Northeastern and Southern Landscapes.” Ms. Judy Lowe Sports Turf Session Cheekwood ABC

8:00 am – Welcome

8:05 am – “ Biostimulants on High-Wear Athletic Fields.” Dr. Eric Ervin 8:45 am – “Managing Cincinnati Bengals Turfs.” Mr. Darian Daily

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9:30 am – Trade Show (until 12:30 pm) 12:45 pm – Award and Honors Luncheon (until 2:00 pm) President Chamber A

Golf Course Session

President Chamber B

2:00 pm – TN GCSAA Business Meeting 2:30 pm – “Three-Dimensional Mowing.” Dr. Milt C. Engelke 3:15 pm – “ Effective Management of Golf Course Insect Pests with Today’s New Products.” Dr. Rick L. Brandenburg 4:00 pm – “ Managing Organic Matter and Recovery Time Following the Cultivation of Sand-Based Greens.” Dr. Douglas E. Karcher Lawn

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Joe Hill – East Tennessee Sales P.O. Box 119 Springfield, TN 37172 P: 800/535-4552 F: 615/384-3364 M: 865/567-4210 E: kjhill@prosourceone.com

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Grounds Session

President Chamber B

2:00 pm – “Trees and Tennessee Landscapes” Mr. Hubert P. Conlon 2:30 pm – “Be a Water-Wise Landscaper” Ms. Elizabeth W. Babbit 3:00 pm – “Tennessee Green Roofs.” Mr. David Evans and Mr. Curtis E. Stewart 3:45 pm – “Managing Weeds in the Landscape – An Update.” Dr. Darren K. Robinson Sports Turf Session

Cheekwood ABC

2:00 pm TVSTMA Business Meeting 2:30 pm – “ Soil Physical Properties 101 – Determining Proportions of Sand, Silt and Clay for Athletic Fields.” Dr. Jason Henderson & Dr. Warren Anderson 3:15 pm – “ My Sports Turf Management Experiences.” Mr. Dale Getz 4:00 pm – “ The Role of Herbicides in Overseeded Bermudagrass.” 4:30 pm – ADJOURN – Please have a safe trip home. Presentation titles, times and speakers are subject to change.

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Conference and trade show

Please complete, sign and return this form with your payment.

BOOTHS

BOOTHS 1 – 72

SIZE UNIT PRICE QUANTITY TOTAL 80 SQ FT

$495

(Max limit of 4)

ADDITIONAL MEMBERSHIP TO TTA: (1 included with 10’ x 8’ booth rental.

$50

Attend the TTA Luncheon & Business Meeting! January 6, 2005 Please make checks payable to : Tennessee Turfgrass Association 400 Franklin Road Franklin, TN 37069 (No Credit Cards)

$25/person

TOTAL

FIRST CHOICE

SECOND CHOICE

THIRD CHOICE

BOOTH PREFERENCE All reservations are made on a first-paid, first-reserved basis only. Please note the cancellation policy as outlined in the section of the brochure entitled “Rules & Regulations.” If electricity is required, please contact Opryland Hotel at (615) 889-1000. Purchased luncheon tickets will be included in vendor packet upon registration and setup. Please print or type the following: Name:

(Person responsible for the booth)

MEMBER Name:

(To be included in Directory)

Signature: Firm:

(As your ID sign should read)

Mailing Address: City:

State:

Zip:

Telephone: Fax: EMAIL: **ADDITIONAL NAMES FOR BADGES:

(**If more space is needed, please attach a complete list)

**ADDITIONAL MEMBERSHIPS:

(**If more space is needed, please attach a complete list)

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTS/SERVICES YOU SELL OR PROVIDE:

CONTRACT FOR EXHIBIT SPACE

3 9 t h A n n u a l Tennessee Turfgrass Association

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3 9 t h A n n u a l Tennessee Turfgrass Association Conference and trade show

company name:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Please list all information as you would like it to appear in the directory.

address:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ city/state/zip:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ telephone:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ fax:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ email:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PRIMARY FUNCTION COMMERCIAL VENDOR TURF MANAGER q Commercial Lawn Care q Equipment Dealer q Golf Course q Retail Center q Distributor q Parks & Recreation q Landscaping q Manufacturer q Sports Field q Irrigation Contractor q Other_______________ q Hotel/Resort q Hospital/Health Care q DOT q Other_______________ q School/University q Cemetery q Other_______________

Please list the first and last names of the persons attending the 2005 Conference & Trade Show. Attach separate list if needed. 1 2 3

PLEASE CHECK THE BOX FOR ADDITIONAL ASSOCIATION AFFILIATIONS:

q PGMS

q TNLA

q TVSTMA

q TGCSA

q Other _____________

7 8

REGISTRATION OPTIONS 1 Primary Member Registration

$ 175.00

Price includes 2005 Membership Dues

Associate Member Registration

TOTAL

$ 120.00 $

Registrants from the same facility are eligible for Associate Membership if the facility has two primary members.

Student Member Registration

$ 60.00

One Day Pass (Limit 1)

$ 75.00

One Day Student Pass (Limit 1)

$ 10.00

Awards Luncheon Ticket

$ 25.00

Endowment Fund Contribution q Research qScholarship Please make checks payable to:

$ $ $ $

Extension

Tennessee Turfgrass Association • 400 Franklin Road • Franklin, TN 37069

REGISTRATION FORM

Please complete, sign and return this form with your payment.

GRAND TOTAL

(No Credit Cards)

TTA Office Use Only Date______________ Check No. ______________ Cash ______________ Amount _________________

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RULES & REGULATIONS Opening and Closing: The exhibit officially opens at 2:15 P.M., Wednesday, January 5, 2005, and will close at 12:00 P.M., Thursday, January 6, 2005. Exhibit Set-up and Breakdown: General booth set-up will be from 9:00 A.M., January 5, 2004, until 2:00 P.M. All exhibits must be completed by 2:00 P.M., Wednesday, January 5, 2004.

Insurance and Fire Protection: The Tennessee Turfgrass Association will exercise all reasonable care for the protection of exhibitor’s material and displays. An official of the trade show committee will be on duty in the exhibit area during set-up and breakdown periods. The exhibit area will be secured during nonexhibit hours.

Contract for Space: The application for space and the formal notice of assignment constitutes a contract for the right to use the space so allotted. In the event of fire, strikes, or other uncontrollable circumstances, the contract will not be binding. The Tennessee Turfgrass Association reserves the right to cancel any contract with any exhibitor any time prior to or during the conference.

Liability: The exhibitor agrees to make no claim against the Tennessee Turfgrass Association nor its members or employees for loss, theft, damage or destruction of goods, nor any injury to himself/herself, or employees prior, during or subsequent to the period covered by the exhibit contract, nor for any damage whatsoever, including the damage to his business by reason of failure to provide space for the exhibit, nor for failure to hold the Conference as scheduled. The exhibitor, upon signing the contract for exhibit space, expressly releases the foregoing named conference and individuals from any and all claims for such loss, damage or injury.

Use of Space: All demonstrations, interviews, distributions of advertising material or other activities must be confined to the limits of the exhibit booths. No exhibitor shall assign, sublet or share the whole or part of the space allotted without the knowledge and approval of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association.

Cancellation: In the event an exhibitor must cancel, and cannot exhibit, the following will apply. A. If the reserved booth or island can be contracted, a 100% refund will be granted. B. If the reserved booth or island can not be contracted, a 50% refund will be granted.

Booths: There will be seventy two (72) 10’ x 8’ booths available. Each will be piped and draped. Each will have a 6’ skirted table, 2 chairs, wastebasket and one I.D. sign.

floor plan Please indicate preferences on Exhibit Space contract TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

TURF TALK

The Basics Basics of of Safety Safety The for Turfgrass Turfgrass for Workers Workers Photo by Robert Barksdale, RBB Sales & Consulting, Roanoke, VA.

f you ask turfgrass managers to name their biggest daily challenge, you might get a variety of answers: adequate irrigation resources, equipment maintenance, pest control, water-quality protection, etc. But the truth is that safety is the most important -- and often most overlooked -- aspect of a turfgrass manager’s regular routine. Hazards are part of the everyday workplace in the green industry. Turfgrass employees often face a variety of potentially dangerous situations, such as using high-powered equipment, mowing on steep terrain and working in areas of high automobile traffic. Safety issues must be considered in every element of turfgrass management, from complex tasks such as handling chemicals or operating chain saws to simple things like walking around a maintenance facility. Every turfgrass manager should have a safety plan in effect for the company and its employees. A successful safety program will help: • Reduce accidents. • Minimize employee workers’ compensation claims. • Reduce insurance rates and premiums. • Improve worker productivity. • Provide a positive and professional image for your company. Development of a comprehensive safety program involves understanding regulatory requirements, providing safety information

By Matthew Martin, Turfgrass Specialized Agent, North Carolina Cooperative Extension

for all employees, conducting workplace training and maintaining detailed records. Several critical components must be incorporated into the overall safety program, including a HAZCOM program, a respiratory protection program and a policy of strict adherence to pesticide laws.

HAZCOM Program By law, all employees must be made aware of the hazards associated with their workplace, which means that all turfgrass managers must have a Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) program for their company. HAZCOM components include: • A complete list of all chemicals onsite. • A master list of frequently used chemicals. • Proper labeling of all chemical containers. • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all frequently used chemicals (these sheets must be available to all employees, and all employees must be able to understand what is written on the sheets). • Required training: – For new employees: MSDS, hazards, PPE, emergency procedures, first aid. – For all employees: annual training and updates. Employers must keep this information on file. It is vital to establish a paper trail to ensure – and document – that all

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2005

employees are current on safety training.

Pesticide Laws The 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) changed the way pesticides are tested and registered. The EPA and state agriculture departments now strictly regulate the use of turf and ornamental pesticides. If a turfgrass manager receives pay for application of pesticides, he is required by law to have a pesticide license. Also, turfgrass managers using pesticides are required to have: • Properly labeled pesticides. • Labels and MSDS sheets for all pesticides. • Pesticide use records. • Proper pesticide storage and storage facility (with ventilation and lights, if necessary). • Pesticide storage signs and emergency contact information. • A fire plan with the local fire department. • Proper safety equipment for spraying. • Respirators for all employees who are required to use them. Turfgrass managers should pay close attention to new pesticide laws. For up-todate information, turfgrass managers should contact their local agriculturedepartment pesticide coordinators or local cooperative extension agents.

Respiratory Protection

Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com

T U R F T A L K Program In July 1998, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) adopted new certification performance criteria for respirators. Turfgrass managers were required to change respirator types to meet the new guidelines. In addition: • Employers must identify and evaluate the respiratory hazards in the workplace. • Respirators, training and medical evaluations must be provided at no cost to the employee. • Respirators must be certified by NIOSH and must be used in compliance with the conditions of their certifications. • Employers must designate a qualified program administrator to oversee the program. To determine an employee’s ability to use a respirator, employers must provide a medical evaluation, performed by a physician or other licensed healthcare professional. The physician must provide a written recommendation regarding the employee’s ability to use the respirator. Additional medical evaluations are required under certain circumstances, such as an employee’s medical condition, a change in workplace conditions or for any reason the program administrator or supervisor recommends. If medically approved to wear a respirator, the employee then must pass an appropriate fit test. Whenever a different respirator face-piece is used, fit testing is required prior to initial use, and at least annually thereafter, according to manufacturer specifications. Employees who have facial hair or any condition

that interferes with the face-piece seal or valve function should not wear tightfitting respirators. Personal protective equipment should be worn in such a manner that does not interfere with the face-piece seal. Employees should maintain filters and cartridges for respirators. Records of medical evaluations, respirator training and fit testing should also be maintained for all employees.

Putting Your Safety Plan in Place Effective safety education is vital to managing risk, and employee involvement in a safety program is essential. Whenever you hire new employees: • Clearly define the job role. • Make sure the employee understands safety information and your directions. • Train employees for all jobs and on all necessary equipment. • Certify and document all training in writing.

Training Example: Employee Checklist for Mower Safety • Read and review the operator’s manual and training tape. • Know how to stop the machine. • Leave all safety features intact. • Clear the mowing area of people and debris before mowing. • Avoid allowing the mowing blades to impact hard objects. • Wear appropriate personal protective equipment. • Be very careful while refueling equipment.

• Know the machine’s capabilities; never try to push it past its limits. Never carry passengers. Appointing a safety coordinator is a good way to enhance a safety program. The safety coordinator should establish a safety library and keep thorough safety records. The safety coordinator should also document all safety education and training, as well as keep meticulous records of all accidents. Employers, company managers and supervisors should always uphold company standards on safety. If employees see the crew chief not wearing safety equipment or not acting in a safe manner, they will be much more likely to ignore safety regulations.

Two Safety Programs in Action Mark Davis, turf specialist for the city of Asheville Parks Department in North Carolina, and his crew take safety very seriously. “We hold constant inspections and a safety meeting on the first Monday of each month,” he explains. “Our safety meeting usually consists of verbal training, open discussions of concerns and perhaps a film or presentation by our Risk Management department or our in-house Nurses Staff. We consistently rehash subjects such as blood-born pathogens, ladder safety, lifting techniques, equipment issues, etc.” Furthermore, the city provides all employee-safety equipment, such as steel-toe work boots, safety glasses, hearing protection, hard hats, chain-saw chaps and work gloves. All employees are required to have a yearly hearing

Employee Safety Information Sites for Turf Managers Equipment-safety videos – available from the Associated Landscape Contractors of America and at www.safetyvideos.org. Pesticide Health and Safety • www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/index.htm OSHA’s Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Standard – www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/hazardcommunications/ Food Quality Protection Act – www.fqupa-iwg.org, www.acpa.org

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

TURF TALK Safety Training for Non-English-Speaking Employees Communication is the key to a safety program, yet many turf managers are faced with the challenge of training non-English-speaking employees. Employers should seek out training materials that all employees can read and understand. For instance, many power-equipment manufacturers provide user manuals and videos in several languages. Marty Walker, golf course superintendent for Magnolia Greens Golf Plantation in Leland, NC, employs as many as 15 permanent Hispanic employees, most of whom have worked at Magnolia Greens for more than three years. His assistant mechanic serves as the translator for the crew. Employee safety training at Magnolia Greens requires conducting two separate meetings at the same time. Hispanic employees are given all of the safety-training materials in Spanish. • Our Hispanic workers are extremely valuable to our company,” Walker says. “They are very dedicated and safety-conscious. We make sure that they know exactly how to operate the machinery and what kind of personal protective equipment they need to do the job. Making the whole crew more safety-conscious is a continuous job. We can’t afford to lose people to injury and then have to hire and train new staff.”

examination. Any employee who sprays pesticides is required to complete NCDA training and pass the state exam, and label recommendations must be followed to the letter. “All this effort is well worth the time required,” Davis says. “When in the public forum, we can’t afford to be careless or unprepared for any situation.” Steve Hughes, director of POA for the community of Landfall in Wilmington, NC, has also developed a comprehensive and innovative safety program for his employees. Hughes directs a crew of 35 to 40 people throughout the year, maintaining 32 miles of roads inside the Landfall community. His employees also maintain hundreds of lawns and landscaped areas in Landfall. The Landfall POA safety program involves extensive training for all employees. Steve and his staff hold regular training meetings and workshops for employees. On rainy days, employees use training videos and other materials to review safety. Steve also uses these materials to train new employees on equipment. “Safety is our number one priority,” Hughes says.

CONTINUED “Before any employee can operate a piece of equipment, he or she must go through the training manual and watch the manufacturer’s video. Then the employee must show the mechanic and the crew leader that he or she can use the piece of equipment in the field.” Every year the Landfall POA holds a safety day and cookout. “We take the entire day to go through the maintenance facility and re-train employees on equipment,” Hughes says. Some of Hughes’ employees have been through this training for the last ten years, and to Hughes, the refresher courses are just as important as new-employee training. “We can’t afford to have accidents,” he says. “Insurance rates and the possibility of employee disability make safety extremely important.” T

TURF TIPS Dallisgrass Control…

Things Are Looking Up

By Dr. Scott McElroy, Assistant Professor of Turfgrass Weed Science, and Greg Breeden, Extension Assistant for Turfgrass and Forage Weed Science, University of Tennessee

ithout a doubt, dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) is the most difficult-to-control weed in turfgrass systems in the state of Tennessee. This vigorous perennial develops a strong root system, thus requiring multiple applications of all potential control measures. Even a non-selective herbicide such as glyphosate (Roundup and many other formulations) requires multiple applications for complete control. Also, variation in dallisgrass control is often observed from site to site, typically depending on the age of the stand. The older the stand, the more difficult dallisgrass is to control.

Selective Control in Bermudagrass Turf Traditionally, herbicides such as MSMA (many formulations) and Sencor (metribuzin) have been utilized in combination, with repeat applications every 7-10 days being required for complete control. New herbicides such as Revolver (foramsulfuron) and Monument (trifloxysulfuron) have potential for use in a dallisgrass management plan. However, both herbicides are still being evaluated for specific rates and timings to achieve adequate control. Below are four management options for dallisgrass control in bermudagrass turf.

Management Option #1 — MSMA Alone Apply MSMA (6 lb. ai/gal.) at a rate of 2 lb. ai/ acre (2.67 pt./acre for a 6 lb. ai/ gal. product) every 7 to 10 days for a 30

maximum of 4 applications in one season. MSMA has an 8 lb. ai/acre maximum yearly application limit. Regrowth will likely occur, so a second year of applications may be required. Always check your formulation of MSMA. Some MSMA formulations contain surfactant, and some do not. If the formulation does not contain surfactant, add approximately 1 fluid ounce of surfactant per gallon of spray solution.

Management Option #2 — MSMA plus Sencor Apply MSMA (2 lb. ai/a) plus Sencor (0.5 lb. ai/a, 0.67 lb. product/a) every 10 to 14 days for three applications. If regrowth occurs, follow up — 14 days after the last application — with an application of MSMA alone. Applying Sencor at intervals of less 10 days could potentially injure bermudagrass.

Management Option #3 — Revolver or Monument The new sulfonylurea herbicide Revolver (foramsulfuron) seems to have potential use in controlling dallisgrass. However, spotspraying of Revolver seems to be more effective than broadcast applications. The Revolver herbicide label has a special provision for spot-spraying that allows for the use of 1 fl. oz./gallon of spray solution. For dallisgrass control using Revolver, the following protocol seems to work best. Apply MSMA at 2 lb. ai/acre followed by Revolver as a spot spray at 1 fl. oz./gallon of spray solution. Up to 80% control of dallisgrass has been

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2005

observed with this combination, and it has the potential to get dallisgrass control down to 2-3 applications, which is better than has currently been achieved with MSMA or MSMA + Sencor. Spot-spraying can be difficult to achieve on dallisgrass that has taken over large areas. This management option may be easier to attempt when dallisgrass is in distinct clumps of a turfgrass area and not when it is basically a solid blanket over an area.

Management Option #4 — Renovation Sometimes the best option is to simply start all over. Any many cases, if you are dealing with dallisgrass plants that are greater than one foot in diameter, it may take two years of selective herbicide applications to completely control the dallisgrass. In such a situation, the amount of bermudagrass that will be available to occupy the desiccated area will most likely be limited, due to the suppression from the dallisgrass. In other words, there may not be any bermudagrass to take over and fill in the area once the dallisgrass is gone.

Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com

Seedhead of dallisgrass

CONTINUED

DALLISGRASS CONTROL In these situations, renovation may be the best option. Start by applying two applications of glyphosate at 2 lb. ai/ acre with the second application coming 21 to 28 days later, or when green vegetation begins to appear. Seven to 14 days after the second application, till and level the entire area for seed or sod preparation, adding the proper lime and fertility according to soil tests. Remember, if there is little bermudagrass intermixed with dallisgrass, after you selectively remove the dallisgrass, a re-sodding or seeding may be necessary to return to 100% green turf cover. In such a case, you will have to renovate any way, so why waste your time with numerous repeat applications of selective herbicides?

Dallisgrass Control in Turf-Type Tall Fescue Really, the only selective option for dallisgrass control in tall fescue turf is MSMA. However, MSMA can injure — even kill — tall fescue if it’s under heat or drought stress, and applications should be reduced to 1 lb. ai/a with repeat applications as needed. If the stand is simply overrun with dallisgrass, apply glyphosate to the area and completely renovate. Realistically, since tall fescue is a clumping grass, it will not fill in the gaps of the dead dallisgrass, so you’ll have to reseed anyway. To save time, instead of numerous applications that may damage

your existing fescue anyway, it is probably better to simply start all over. A word of warning: It is illegal to use MSMA on tall fescue grown as forage. While it can be used on turf-type tall fescue, do not use it on forage tall fescue.

Research for 2005 Next year at the University of Tennessee, we are going to try throwing everything but the kitchen sink at dallisRegrowth of dallisgrass six weeks grass. Approximately after three applications of MSMA 100 sulfonylurea herbicides have been synthesized and patented worldwide, so who knows? One of those herbicides may be the “magic pill” for dallisgrass control. We will also be evaluating various timings and rates of the herbicides discussed in this article to determine if there is a point in the growth cycle of dallisgrass in which it is more susceptible. T

Variations in control can be attributed to the maturity of the dallisgrass stand, young (left) versus old (right).

Table 1. Primary products utilized for dallisgrass control. Product Product Name Name Generic Generic Name Name

Formulation Formulation

Rate Rate

Many product MSMA 6 lb. ai/gal 2.7 pt./a (2 lb. ai/a) names

Sencor 75

Metribuzin

75% w/w

Max. Max. Yearly Yearly Rate Rate 8 lb. ai/a (4 applications)

0.67 lb./a (0.5 lb. ai/a) 1.5 lb. ai/a (3 applications)

Revolver Foramsulfuron 0.19 lb. ai/gal. 27.4 fl. oz./a (18.5 g ai/a)

54.5 fl. oz./a, 37 g ai/a (2 apps at the 27 fl. oz./a rate)

Monument Trifloxysulfuron 75% w/w 0.56 oz./a (0.42 oz. ai/a)

1.7 oz./a, 1.3 lb. ai/a (3 apps at the 0.56 oz./a rate)

Many Products

Glyphosate

4 lb. ai/gal.

2 qt./a (2 lb. ai/a)

———

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

TURF TALK

By Chris Hartwiger and Patrick O’Brien, USGA Green Section

he topic of bunkers has been on the minds of many golfers these days. Even though construction techniques have never been better and the intensity of maintenance has never been higher, I’m not sure the overall level of satisfaction is higher. If I were king for a day, or at least if I were in charge of a golf club with a rising tide of dissatisfaction among members aimed at the bunkers, this is what I would do…

Dear Members of Thick Woods CC, It has come to my attention that there is a growing undercurrent of dissatisfaction with the condition of the bunkers on our golf course. The course officials and staff are getting bombarded with complaints about the bunkers being too wet, too dry, inconsistent sand depths, and having the wrong color sand. We have studied these comments and can only conclude that almost all of them are specific to that person’s game. For some reason, golfers at our club are more likely to blame the condition of the bunkers as the primary reason they are not getting up and down as often as they believe they should. On the contrary, apparently there is nothing wrong with a bunker when a golfer hits a bunker shot and has a tap-in for par. I have come to the conclusion that (1) our members are not sure what a bunker is or how it should be maintained, (2) golfers do not practice bunker shots, and (3) most are not fitted with the proper equipment to be reasonably proficient in hitting bunker shots. We asked the golf shop how many bunker lessons have been given in the last year. The answer was zero because our course does not have a practice bunker. We asked the golf shop how many of our members have sought advice for what type of sand wedge is best for our specific sand. Again, the answer was zero. Outlined below is a multi-step solution that is much less expensive to the club than the

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2005

Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com

TURF TALK estimated cost of $250,000 to rebuild our existing bunkers. For this solution to be successful, you must follow each and every recommendation. If at the end of these recommendations, you remain dissatisfied, we can return to the critic’s solution of reconstruction and sand replacement, which, by the way, hasn’t really worked in the past either. 1.) Define and understand what a bunker is. Our club’s expectations for the bunkers will be crystal clear among members and staff. We will agree with The Rules of Golf that bunkers are hazards, and they will be classified as such. The bunkers on our course will be edged regularly so that golfers can determine quickly whether their ball is in or out of the bunkers. Efforts will be taken to ensure that the bunkers continue to drain properly after rainfall. The bunkers will be raked four times per week and touched up on the days they are not raked. 2.) Improve practice facility. We have allocated funds to construct a practice bunker adjacent to our chipping green. As you know, our club has lacked a practice bunker for the last 25 years. 3.) Increase golfer skill level. We have negotiated a contract with our professional staff to offer group bunkers lessons twice per week for this entire season. Sign up is first come, first served. There is no additional cost to you. 4.) Select proper equipment. The golf shop has agreed to personally fit each and every one of you with a sand wedge that is appropriate for your skill level and the type of sand in our bunkers. To all those who believe our bunkers are terrible, the ball is now in your court. Follow our four-step program. We can’t guarantee that you never receive a lie you don’t like, but we do promise that you will never forget that bunkers are hazards and we promise that your skill at bunker play will improve. Good luck to you as you help improve our bunkers through better play. With Highest Regards, General C.M. Shanks, Golf Chairman

It has been written many times that decisions on a golf course involve agronomic, economic and political components. Our letter here is fictitious, to be sure, but its message is that sometimes problems are deeper than what they seem. At our fictitious golf course, the bunkers are being maintained more intensively than at any time in their past, yet criticisms are just as high as they ever were. Thick Woods CC’s solution to bunker problems delved heavily into the political or personal side. They realized that changing people’s perceptions and skills were just as important as what type of sand was in the bunkers. They believed they could create better bunkers through better players. Their solutions were radical, but their approach was not. They took the time to understand what the real problem was and implemented solutions that addressed the agronomic, economic and political components. Following this approach to problems that you face can allow you to solve the real problem the first time. T

I N D E X O F ADVERTISERS

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

BWI of Memphis......................................................... 33

January 4-6

TTA 39th Annual Conference & Trade Show (Tennessee Turfgrass Association) Location: Opryland Hotel, Nashville, TN

Covermaster, Inc.......................................................... 9

January 7

GSHA Seminar Developing Your Hazard Communication Program

January 11-13

Virginia Turfgrass Council’s Annual Turf & Landscape Conference and Marketplace Location: Richmond Marriott, Richmond, VA

January 11-15

Green & Growin’ Show Location: Greensboro Coliseum, Greensboro, NC

January 17-19

North Carolina Turfgrass Industry Expo Location: Adam’s Mark Hotel & Grand Pavilion, Winston-Salem, NC

January 19-23

STMA Annual Conference (Sport Turf Managers Association) Location: Phoenix Civic Center, Phoenix, AZ

February 2-4

TPI Midwinter Conference Location: Cancun, Mexico

February 10-12

2005 Golf Industry Show (GCSAA and NGCOA) Location: Orlando County Convention Center, Orlando, FL

Aquatrols................................................................... 24

E & S Soil and Peat.................................................... 17 Flowtronex PSI........................................................... 29 Four Seasons Golf Co................................................. 13 Greenville Turf & Tractor............................................... 5 Harrell’s Custom Fertilizer..................... Inside Back Cover Keeling Company........................................................ 14 K-Rain Manufacturing Corp......................................... 12 Kesmac, Inc............................................................... 20 Landforms.................................................................. 17 Mid Tenn Turf, Inc...................................................... 14 Oasis Irrigations Systems, Inc............................................. 7 Oldham Chemicals Co.....................................................22 Patten Seed Company / Super Sod.............................. 24 ProSource One............................................................ 19 Smith Turf & Irrigation.....................................Back Cover Southeastern Turf, LLC.............................. 9 Sprigger’s Choice, Inc................................ 7 Syngenta Turf & Ornamental.................... 22 Tieco, Inc.................................................. 3 Tifsport Growers Assoc..... Inside Front Cover Turfgrass America................................... 19 Turf Mountain Sod, Inc............................ 34 Turf Solutions, Inc................................... 18 Winstead Turf..................................28 & 29

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Call to speak with a Harrell’s family representative or call toll-free 1-800-433-1550 Or visit our Web site: www.harrells.com

In fact, we’ve always considered customers, employees and suppliers as family. Because we are all connected. Harrell’s has spent years ensuring that you can count on us for quality ingredients, state-of-the-art technology and old-fashioned service. And we’ve come to depend on you for friendship, business and new ideas. That’s a relationship to be proud of – and a family worth growing.

Time.Your Most Important Resource.

So many blades of grass, so little time. When you are responsible for a golf course, it seems there aren’t enough hours in the day to meet all the challenges you face. That’s why STI has developed a portfolio of equipment, service and support that is unmatched in the golf industry. As the exclusive distributor of TORO irrigation systems and TORO commercial turf care equipment since 1925, we provide total turf solutions that maximize efficiencies. Time after time.

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