Tennessee Turfgrass - October / November 2006 by leadingedgepubs

The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association

TABLE OF CONTENTS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

FEATURED ARTICLES

12 18

Bermudagrass Control in Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass Turf

24 31

Turf Talk — Nitrogen Programs for Tall Fescue Sod Production

10 Recent Event

Applied Research — Security Blankets? The Pros and Cons of Turf Covers

12 Cover Story

Upcoming Event — 2007 TTA Annual Conference & Tradeshow: Program and Registration Forms

DEPARTMENTS

From the TTA President, Bill Francis

From the TVSTMA, Al Ray

Recent Event — UT Field Day

Calendar of Events

Index of Advertisers

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

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Applied Research

R OS M F RT OH ME PT RH EE S TI DT EA N T N EF W

reetings from upper East Tennessee! I trust that each of you survived what, for many of us, was quite a difficult summer. As we enjoy another wonderful fall season, believe it or not, it is time to start thinking about the coming winter and the Tennessee Turfgrass Annual Conference and Tradeshow. With the Marriott Cool Springs providing a brand new venue and Dr. Tom Samples and the TTA Education Committee planning the program, the 2007 Conference and Tradeshow looks to be better than ever. So, be sure and mark your event calendar for January 14-16 because this is one conference you will not want to miss. Thankfully, August seems like ages ago, but I do want to share a little of what I saw at the East Tennessee Turfgrass Research Field Day back on August 10. The Knoxville station, which is situated on the banks of the Tennessee River, has certainly come a long way over the past three years. Along with numerous research plots, a state-of-the-art irrigation system has been installed, and plans for construction of a bentgrass research green may be realized as early as this fall. Under the leadership of Dr. Scott McElroy and Dr. John Sorochan, both the research and education programs have experienced tremendous growth during this period. It is exciting to sense

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

B I L L F R A N C IS

the commitment to grow the University of Tennessee into a premier turfgrass program. With that said, it is important for us as professionals to communicate what specific research is needed to help us better manage turfgrass in the state of Tennessee. Because of this need for greater involvement from the Tennessee turfgrass industry, I am proud to say that the Tennessee Turfgrass Association has taken the first step by committing $11,600 annually for the next two years to the University of Tennessee for research. In addition, a one-time TTA donation of $10,000 is to be earmarked for construction of the new bentgrass research green. Finally, a committee is being formed in an effort to increase industry involvement with the UT turfgrass program. This committee (tentatively referred to as the UT Research Committee) will be directly involved with the UT turfgrass program in the development of research ideas and the procurement of research funds. I feel it is truly a great time to be a part of the turfgrass industry in Tennessee. With the wheels now in motion to build one of the best research, education and Extension programs around, the involvement from turfgrass professionals is never more needed than now. T

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The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association

Tennessee Turfgrass is the official publication of The Tennessee Turfgrass Association 400 Franklin Road Franklin, Tennessee 37069 (615) 591-8286 tnturfgrassassn@aol.com Published by Leading Edge Communications, LLC 206 Bridge Street Franklin, Tennessee 37064 (615) 790-3718 Fax (615) 794-4524 Email:info@leadingedgecommunications.com Editor Mr. Bobby Stringer Scientific Editor Dr. J. Scott McElroy TTA OFFICERS President Mr. Bill Francis The Ridges Golf & CC (423) 913-2276 Vice President Mr. Bob Hogan The Hogan Company (888) 224-6426 Secretary/Treasurer Mr.â&#x20AC;&#x2C6;Bobby Stringer Germantown Country Club (901) 754-7755 Past President Mr. Jeff Case (901) 373-4344 Executive Secretary Mr. Jim Uden (615) 591-8286 TTA 2006 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. Cory Blair Mr. Bart Cash Ms. Monica Lalinde-Cooper Mr. Brad Erickson Ms. Shelia Finney Mr. Roger Frazier Mr. Mickey Lovett Mr. Bill Marbet Mr. Bob McCurdy Mr. Tommy Mittlesteadt Mr. Mitch Parker Mr. Frank Turner TTA ADVISORY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD Mr. Bill Blackburn Mr. Lynn Ray Dr. Tom Samples Dr. Dennis Shepard Dr. John Sorochan

FROM THE TVSTMA

A New TVSTMA Student Scholarship!

hanks to all TVSTMA members who attended the UT Turfgrass Research Field Day on August 10 in Knoxville. We were well represented, having 20-plus members present in what is, for all of us, a very busy time of the year. Thanks also to the University of Tennessee research staff for their hospitality and quality of all the presentations. Research is a key component in our continuing education, efforts to stay on the cutting edge of our industry and the success of our individual endeavors. Managing your time to allow for these educational opportunities requires a great deal of effort and is evidence of the professionalism and dedication prevalent in our chapter. As I have said before and will again, this interest is a direct result of our leadership. It is with that thought in mind that I would like to take time to give special thanks to two of those leaders — Bob Hogan and Bill Marbet. Through their seemingly endless energy and enthusiasm, our two charter members have kept our chapter going and growing. Along the way, they have helped countless turfgrass management professionals and served as an inspiration to us all. They are busy men, but they are never too busy to give of themselves to help a colleague on any level because they truly love what they do. They have done so graciously and without fanfare. In this spirit, I would like to announce that our chapter will, beginning this year, award a scholarship for financial aid to a turfgrass management student within our chapter area. I am proud to say that the initial recipient of this award will be Dearl Lampley, associate professor at Columbia State Community College, to provide financial aid to one of his students choosing the Turfgrass Management Emphasis of the Horticulture Technology Program he describes in the following article. To learn more, visit Columbia State’s website at www.cocc.cc.tn.us. Also, make plans now to attend our next meeting, November 9, 2006, where we will visit our old friend Bo Henley of the Chattanooga Lookouts and Finley Stadium. Our primary topic will be “What we should do this fall to be ready for next spring.” Our annual meeting of the Executive Board will also be conducted. Visit www.tvstma.org for details and updates. See you then!

Al Ray TVSTMA President

Turfgrass Program at Columbia State By Dearl Lampley, Associate Professor, Horticulture Technology Program Director, Columbia State Community College

e may have one of the best-kept secrets in Tennessee’s turf business in our Horticulture Technology A.A.S. Program at Columbia State Community College, and we hope this article helps to change that. The program started three years ago with about five students, and we have grown today to around twenty students. Columbia State serves a nine-county area around the main campus at Columbia, but many students come from the Metro Nashville area to our Williamson County site in Franklin. Students have the option of a Landscape Management or Turfgrass Management emphasis within their degree program. Course work includes the traditional agriculture base courses of plant science, soil science, agricultural business and agricultural engineering, as well as the much-more-specialized subject areas such as landscape design, turfgrass management, grounds-equipment management, irrigation design, pest management and athletic field and golf course management. Roughly 90% of the curriculum is mutual, with the big difference coming in where the students do practicum (internship) work. This is, by far, the best portion of the program, and people from industry have been great in allowing the students to work and in following the spirit of an internship, which sometimes means sacrificing productivity for an educational opportunity. Students and employers are matched by location, need and specialty. We have placed students at all the major golf courses in the area, as well as with the leading landscapers. Athletic field practicums have been conducted with professional teams all the way down to the local parks and recreation playgrounds. We are very proud of a 100% placement rate for graduates, with starting pay within the B.S. pay scale.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

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The Tennessee Turfgrass Association serves its members in the industry through education, promotion and representation. The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, its staff, or its board of directors, Tennessee Turfgrass Magazine, or its editors. Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or Turfgrass Association members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in this, past or subsequent issues of this quarterly publication. Copyright ÂŠ2006 by the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. Tennessee Turfgrass is published bi-monthly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. POSTMASTER: Send change of address notification to Tennessee Turfgrass Association, 400 Franklin Road, Franklin, TN 37069. Postage guaranteed. Third-class postage is paid at Franklin, TN. Printed in the U.S.A. Reprints and Submissions: Tennessee Turfgrass allows reprinting of material. Permission requests should be directed to the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information. Advertising: For display and classified advertising rates and insertions, please contact Leading Edge Communications, LLC, 206 Bridge Street, Franklin, TN 37064, (615) 790-3718, Fax (615) 794-4524.

I teach the core agricultural courses, and the horticulture courses are taught by the best professionals available. As a matter of fact, in the Fall 2006 semester, we are proud to say that Luke Davis with the Nashville Sounds will conduct the turfgrass management class, and Susan Toth, a widely known horticultural consultant, will teach landscape design along with pest management. Also, we have expanded our course offerings to the Franklin campus to better serve the students of that area. T

Above, Luke Davis of the Nashville Sounds and Turfgrass Management instructor at Columbia State Community College, and Dearl Lampley, associate professor at Columbia State.

RECENT EVENTS

UT Turfgrass Research Field Day, August 10, in Knoxville

lthough the morning of August 10 dawned relatively cool and damp, with heavy dew blanketing the turf, the University of Tennessee’s Turfgrass Research Field Day in Knoxville quickly heated up. Turf managers from across the state filled the parking area by 8:30 a.m., when UT’s turfgrass researchers — including Dr. Scott McElroy, Dr. John Sorochan, Dr. Tom Samples, Dr. Alan Windham and research associates Greg Breeden and Johnny Parham — walked attendees through the turf program’s most recent research projects. For TTA members who were unable to attend, future issues of Tennessee Turfgrass will feature detailed reports on the impressive and valuable research that UT’s turf scientists are conducting on your behalf! T

Special Thanks to the Following for Sponsoring the Lunch!

Special Thanks to

LADD’S TURF EQUIPMENT and

JACOBSEN TURF EQUIPMENT Bill “the TVSTMA Godfather” Marbet, UT’s Dr. John Sorochan and TTA president Bill Francis discuss one of Dr. Sorochan’s research projects.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

for major turfgrass equipment donations in 2006

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COVER STORY

Controlling Bermudagrass in Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass while Reducing Turf Injury By Scott McElroy, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Turfgrass Weed Science, and Greg Breeden, Research and Extension Associate, Weed Science, University of Tennessee

ermudagrass is one of the most difficult-to-control species in turfgrass systems. Its extensive rhizome and stolon system, its aggressive nature and its tolerance to environmental and management stresses are reasons why it is an excellent (and desirable) turfgrass in some situations, as well as why it is difficult to eradicate in situations where it is not wanted. Bermudagrass is problematic in other warm-season grasses, such as zoysiagrass, centipedegrass and St. Augustinegrass, in addition to cool-season grasses, such as tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and bentgrass. Bermudagrass is especially problematic in zoysiagrass turf because both species are C-4 warm-season grasses with similar herbicide tolerances.

Previous research on bermudagrass control

In the past, fenoxaprop (Acclaim Extra) and fluazifop (Fusilade II) have been the primary herbicides evaluated for bermudagrass control in tall fescue and zoysiagrass turf. However, injury or quality reduction of tall fescue or zoysiagrass from multiple fenoxaprop or fluazifop applications has been previously reported, decreasing the potential use of these herbicides due to potential phytotoxicity.

Table 1. Active ingredient and product names, along with equivalent active ingredient and product rates utilized in the studies. Herbicide Active Ingredient

Herbicide Product

Active Ingredient Rate1

Product Rate

lb. ai or ae/acre oz./acre fenoxaprop

Acclaim Extra

0.12

fluazifop

Fusilade II

0.09

fluroxypyr

Spotlight

0.23

triclopyr

Turflon Ester

1.00

1 Due to differences in herbicide chemistry, fluroxypyr and triclopyr active ingredient rates are presented in acid equivalents per acre, while fenoxaprop and fluazifop are presented as active ingredient per acre. Abbreviations: ai = active ingredient; ae = acid equivalents.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

Although triclopyr (Turflon Ester) is an herbicide that is primarily active on broadleaf (dicotyledenous) weeds species, it has also been reported to significantly injure both common and hybrid bermudagrass when applied at twice the labeled rate (4.3 lb./acre). Multiple applications of triclopyr (0.45 lb./a) or triclopyr + clopyralid (0.45 + 0.56 lb./acre) have been reported to injure bermudagrass up to 30%. In fact, injury is so significant that attempts have been made to utilize triclopyr as a selective bermudagrass-control herbicide.

Our research

The goal of our research was to evaluate the use of triclopyr in tank-mix combinations with fluazifop and fenoxaprop for bermudagrass suppression in tall fescue and zoysiagrass turf. In addition, fluroxypyr (Spotlight) was also evaluated in this research because of its similar chemistry to triclopyr and its recent registration for turfgrass use.

Materials and methods

We conducted our research in 2004 and 2005 at the Little Course at Conner Lane (in Franklin, TN) and in 2005 at the West Tennessee Research and Education Center (WTREC) in

Key Research Points at a Glance • Fluazifop (Fusilade II) and fenoxaprop (Acclaim Extra) are two of the most effective products for bermudagrass control in tall fescue and zoysiagrass. • When applied alone for selective bermudagrass control in established turfgrass, fluazifop and fenoxaprop can injure tall fescue and zoysiagrass. • Adding triclopyr (Turflon Ester) safens the use of fluazifop and fenoxaprop, while improving or providing similar bermudagrass control, compared to the same products applied alone.

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CONTINUED

Fenoxaprop Alone

Fenoxaprop + Triclopyr

Flauzifop Alone

Fluazifop + Triclopyr

Photo 1. Injury to ‘Cavalier’ zoysiagrass, two weeks after three treatment applications.

Jackson, TN. In total, we conducted three zoysiagrass-tolerance experiments, two bermudagrass-control experiments and one tall fescue-tolerance experiment. Zoysiagrass-tolerance studies at the Little Course were conducted on ‘Meyer’ and ‘Cavalier’ zoysiagrass fairways in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Our tall fescue-tolerance study was conducted at the Little Course on ‘Rebel Jr.’ tall fescue managed as a golf course rough. The herbicides we evaluated were fenoxaprop, fluazifop, fluroxypyr and triclopyr applied alone and in combination treatments at the rates listed in Table 1. Combination treatments included fenoxaprop + fluroxypyr, fenoxaprop + triclopyr, fluazifop + fluroxypyr, and fluazifop + triclopyr. Treatments were initiated on June 14 and June 6 in 2005 at the Little Course, and on May 22, 2005, at WTREC. Three applications were made of each herbicide treatment on 28-day intervals. Visual ratings of tall fescue and zoysiagrass injury, as well as bermudagrass suppression, were made two weeks after the third herbicide application. Tall fescue and zoysiagrass injury was visually rated for both experiments using a 0 to 100 scale, where 0% equals no visual injury and 100% equals complete plant death. To facilitate discussion, >20% injury was deemed as unacceptable visual injury (mild phytotoxic bronzing of the leaf tissue is representative of a 20% injury rating). Bermudagrass control was rated on a similar scale of 0 to 100,

where 0% equals no visual phytotoxicity and 100% equals complete plant browning of the aboveground vegetation.

Results

While injury differences were observed between locations (Table 2, on page 15), some similar data trends were observed. Fluazifop + fluroxypyr injured zoysiagrass similar to fluazifop alone. However, no injury from fluazifop + triclopyr was observed in any experiment. Fenoxaprop tank-mixtures with triclopyr or fluroxypyr yielded similar results as fluazifop treatments (Table 2 on page 15 and Photo 1, above). Fenoxaprop and fenoxaprop + fluroxypyr injured zoysiagrass greater than fenoxaprop + triclopyr at the Little Course in 2004 and at WTREC in 2005. While fenoxaprop and fenoxaprop + fluroxypyr injured zoysiagrass 18% and 16%, respectively, fenoxaprop + triclopyr resulted in only 5% injury at the Little Course in 2005. Across experiments, triclopyr and fluroxypyr alone injured zoysiagrass <10%. (While these data indicate triclopyr safens the use of fenoxaprop on zoysiagrass, others have reported triclopyr + fenoxaprop applied at similar rates injured perennial ryegrass greater than either herbicide applied alone.) Fluazifop injured tall fescue similar to fluazifop + triclopyr or fluazifop + fluroxypyr; however, injury decrease was

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Table 2. Injury response of ‘Meyer’ and ‘Cavalier’ zoysiagrass cultivars two weeks after three consecutive herbicide treatments. Herbicide treatment

‘Meyer’ zoysia1 Rate

Little Course 2004

Jackson 2005

lb. ai or ae/ acre

‘Cavalier’ zoysia

‘Rebel Jr.’ tall fescue

Little Course 2005

Little Course 2004

% Injury

fenoxaprop

0.12

38%

18%

42%

fluazifop

0.09

23%

38%

29%

fluroxypyr

0.23

triclopyr

1.00

10%

11%

fenoxaprop + fluroxypyr

0.12 + 0.23

18%

16%

38%

fenoxaprop + triclopyr

0.12 + 1.00

13%

fluazifop + fluroxypyr

0.09 + 0.23

20%

39%

16%

fluazifop + triclopyr

0.09 + 1.00

14%

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COVER STORY greatest with fluazifop + triclopyr. Fenoxaprop alone or fenoxaprop + fluroxypyr injured tall fescue minimally. While no statistical difference was observed, a slight numerical increase in tall fescue injury was observed with fluazifop + triclopyr. Triclopyr-alone injury to tall fescue was greater than expected (11%) and likely contributed the injury from fluazifop + triclopyr.

Table 3. Common-bermudagrass suppression two weeks after three consecutive herbicide treatments. Rate

Bermudagrass Suppression1

lb. ai or ae/ acre

fenoxaprop

0.12

39%

fluazifop

0.09

74%

fluroxypyr

0.23

triclopyr

1.00

47%

fenoxaprop + fluroxypyr

0.12 + 0.23

35%

fenoxaprop + triclopyr

0.12 + 1.00

67%

fluazifop + fluroxypyr

0.09 + 0.23

76%

fluazifop + triclopyr

0.09 + 1.00

69%

Herbicide treatment

While triclopyr reduced fluazifop-induced zoysiagrass injury, fluazifop, fluazifop + fluroxypyr, and fluazifop + triclopyr controlled bermudagrass similar amounts â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 74%, 76% and 69%, respectively (Table 3). Fenoxaprop + triclopyr controlled bermudagrass (67%) greater than fenoxaprop (39%) or fenoxaprop + fluroxypyr (35%). Triclopyr alone controlled bermudagrass (47%) greater than fluroxypyr alone. These data indicate that triclopyr is a necessary component for bermudagrass control with fenoxaprop, but no bermudagrass control increase or decrease is observed when tank-mixed with fluazifop.

ConclusionsÂ

Triclopyr is a beneficial herbicide for suppression of bermudagrass in tall fescue and zoysiagrass turf for two primary reasons. First, triclopyr safens the use of both fenoxaprop and fluazifop on tall fescue and zoysiagrass turf. With the addition of triclopyr, injury from fenoxaprop or fluazifop disappeared or decreased to tolerable levels. Second, multiple applications of triclopyr are phytotoxic to bermudagrass turf, thus improving suppression.

Our recommended strategies for bermudagrass control in tall fescue and zoysiagrass

Product-label summaries are presented in Table 4. Presented below are potential strategies for selective bermudagrass

Table 4. Label information and limitation for fenoxaprop, fluazifop and triclopyr products. Generic name

fenoxaprop

fluazifop

triclopyr

Product name1

Acclaim Extra

Fusilade II Turf and Ornamental

Turflon Ester

Maximum label rate for zoysiagrass

28 fl. oz./acre

5 fl. oz./acre

1 qt./acre

Maximum label rate for tall fescue

28 fl. oz./acre

6 fl. oz./acre

1 qt./acre

Yearly maximum

Select label comments

120 fl. oz./acre

Applications should only be made when plants are vigorously growing. Avoid applications under conditions of drought stress.

not available

Add non-ionic surfactant to improve absorption. Droughty conditions can decrease efficacy. Do not reseed for 30 days following application.

not available

Do not apply more than 2 qt./ acre per application. Do not apply to golf course greens. Spray drift can injure desirable broadleaf crops.

The product names provided are the products evaluated in the aforementioned research. Other formulations and product names may exist but have not been tested for tall fescue and zoysiagrass tolerance or bermudagrass control at the University of Tennessee. 1

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

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control. These strategies should be maintained for two years to achieve maximum control. Once the manage-ment strategy starts, it is imperative that that no applications are missed. Delaying an application interval beyond four weeks will allow bermudagrass to recover and decrease long-term control. â&#x20AC;˘ In tall fescue, apply Fusilade II at 6 fl. oz./acre or Acclaim Extra at 28 fl. oz./acre plus Turflon Ester at 1 qt./ acre beginning in mid-May. Apply sequential applications every 4 weeks throughout the growing season ending August 15. Reseed tall fescue into the controlled or killed areas. Increase mowing height to 3 inches or higher. Fertilize September 15, November 1 and March 1 with 1 lb./N/1000 ft2 to encourage vigorous tall fescue growth. Do not fertilize tall fescue after March 1 or before September 15. â&#x20AC;˘ In zoysiagrass, apply Fusilade II at 6 fl. oz./acre or Acclaim Extra at 28 fl. oz./acre plus Turflon Ester at 1 qt./ acre beginning in mid-May. Apply sequential applications every 4 weeks throughout the growing season ending September 15. Limit N fertility to only maintain desirable green color. Re-seed, sprig or sod zoysiagrass in year two between May 15 and June 15 as needed. Control applications for the bermudagrass can resume two to three months following reseeding.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Jerry Craven and Joe Kennedy of the Vanderbilt Legends Club (Franklin, TN) and Dr. Bob Hayes of the West Tennessee Research and Education Center (Jackson, TN) for their assistance with this research. This research was first published in The Journal of Applied Turfgrass Science. T

APPLIED RESEARCH

Security Blankets

The Pros and Cons of Turf Covers

By Mike Goatley, Ph.D., Extension Turfgrass Specialist; Xunzhong Zhang, Ph.D., Research Scientist; John Willis, Graduate Research Assistant; and David McKissack, Research Associate Senior, Virginia Tech

overing cool and warm-season turfgrasses with turf blankets can result in striking and highly desirable turf quality and growth in fall and spring. At the same time, though, there are limitations to how much the covers can do. This article summarizes some of the key findings and observations of the Virginia Tech turfgrass team regarding how turf blankets modify turf growth and development.

Winter protection/spring greening trial on bermudagrass Since the fall of 2004-05, we have conducted research on a ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass turf maintained at a 0.75” cutting height at the old Virginia Tech golf course. We are evaluating both white and black polypropylene blankets (from Xton, Inc., in Florence, AL) for their effects on bermudagrass growth and development, as well as a silver, reflective fabric (50% porosity) that is commonly used in greenhouseproduction systems as a means of reflecting solar radiation. Each year, the trial is initiated in the fall prior to the first predicted killing frost event (typically mid-October in Blacksburg,VA). 18

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

CONTINUED To date, our observations include: • All covers provided acceptable turf quality through the month of November, with the highest quality observed with the black cover (Figure 1). • Black consistently provided the warmest temperatures, but also the largest range in temperatures. • Reflective and white blankets enhanced significant spring greening by at least two weeks, whereas black delayed spring greening due to lack of sunlight (Figure 2). • Levels of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC, i.e., stored food reserves) in stems tended to be lower in covered plots as compared to uncovered control in October and December, but differences were not significantly different. In the March sampling, all covered plots had significantly greater TNC levels than the control. • Photochemical efficiency (PE) measurements (a non-destructive method measuring chlorophyll activity) were two to four times higher in covered plots as compared to the uncovered control through December.

In spring, reflective and white covers had greater PE than the control, but black was significantly lower than all treatments. These trials indicate that it is possible to maintain active bermudagrass growth into early winter with any of these cover sources, primarily by providing frost protection and

Figure 1. Bermudagrass quality on Nov. 17, 2004, as influenced by the application of turf blankets.

Figure 2. Spring greening characteristics of bermudagrass under turf blankets on April 26, 2005.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

APPLIED RESEARCH the maintenance of chlorophyll activity in the leaves. Black covers are the most effective for maintaining bermudagrass quality and color in the fall, but they are counterproductive for spring greening because of the lack of light penetration. Both reflective and white covers provided desirable responses in fall and spring, with the porous reflective cover surprisingly providing comparable or better visual rating than the white cover at almost all rating dates. These data apply only to these particular cover materials and colors. Clearly, different cover sources might have different responses, and their use warrants further research.

Temporary blanket applications in spring

Figure 3. Orange turf blankets applied approximately four weeks in advance of spring practice at Virginia Tech delivered the quality desired by the coaching staff.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

Previous graduate research at Virginia Tech indicated that orange-colored blankets enhanced early spring Kentucky bluegrass quality by four to six weeks as compared to uncovered turf. With this in mind, we installed large blocks of white, black and orange blankets on the VT campus this past spring, two to four weeks prior to spring football practice.

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CONTINUED The orange tarp applied approximately four weeks prior to practice definitely resulted in superior turf density and color for the duration of spring practice through late April (Figure 3). However, later in the spring, what had been the best-looking turf under the orange tarp actually regressed in terms of turf quality as compared to the uncovered control and the other blanket treatments. The loss in quality was not “unacceptable” in terms of overall turf density and color, but the formerly covered turf was certainly lower quality when compared side-by-side to the uncovered control. What happened here? We hypo-thesize that it was part of the natural growing cycle — when you accelerate plant growth and development, eventually there will be a surge in the senescence and death of all the plant material you have promoted. In a similar trial this spring to evaluate different blanket sources and colors, we saw the same response on ‘Patriot’ bermudagrass. Any blankets that accelerated greening eventually resulted in lower turf quality than the uncovered control later in the spring. I have long preached to turfgrass managers the reality of a “peaks and valleys” philosophy in turfgrass management, and it certainly seems to apply here. It is impossible to maintain “peak” turf indefinitely, and after our peak growing periods, you must anticipate a decline in growth (and likely quality) that must naturally follow. The accelerated spring growth rate and the accompanying utilization of nutrients and food reserves for the leaf and shoot development was eventually balanced by a subsequent decline in leaf number, and the senescence and eventual death of many of these leaves that were produced during the covering period. Are there ways to somewhat even out these peak and valley responses? Perhaps. Dr. Erik Ervin at Virginia Tech has an interesting idea that we plan to research further that involves the use of a plant growth regulator such as trinexapac ethyl (Primo Maxx) soon after cover enhancement to see if we can regulate this surge in growth.

Turf covers to enhance perennial ryegrass control with herbicides We have also attempted to define management programs that maximize the potential uses of foramsulfuron (Revolver) in fine turf. One feature that has been noted over and again in Virginia is Revolver’s lack of activity in cooler temperatures. Therefore, our hypothesis was that perhaps a turf cover (the

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

CONTINUED previously mentioned white and black polypropylene materials were used) applied either a week before, a week after or remaining on both before and after a herbicide treatment would improve cool-season turf control with Revolver. What have we observed to date? â&#x20AC;˘ Black and white blankets used one week before Revolver application did not improve perennial ryegrass control. â&#x20AC;˘ Covers applied before-and-after and after Revolver application significantly improved perennial ryegrass control compared to Revolver application without covers (Figure 4). Black covers applied one week before and after herbicide application controlled perennial ryegrass best (83%). Black covers had an advantage over white covers only when covered one week after Revolver application, but when covered before and after, black and white were equivalent. â&#x20AC;˘ When used for one week, white blankets significantly improved turf color, while black blankets caused severe chlorosis that greatly reduced turf color.

Summary No single turf blanket fits all uses. Instead, different covers are appropriate for different situations. Research at Virginia Tech continues in an effort to identify how turf-blanket composition and color affects turfgrass growth and development so that they can be used most effectively. T

Figure 4. The use of turf covers maximized the use of Revolver on overseeded perennial ryegrass control.

TURF TALK

NITROGEN PROGRAMS

for Tall Fescue Sod Development By Erik Ervin, Ph.D., and Mike Goatley, Ph.D., Virginia Tech

he faster Mother Nature and sod producers’ skills allow them to harvest a crop, the better the potential profitability. As the nutrient most required by turfgrasses for proper growth and development, nitrogen (N) plays a primary role in the quest for quick harvest of a high-quality sod. Unfortunately, as natural gas and oil prices continue to rise, so do the costs of nitrogen. While soil tests are quite adequate in recommending how much phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) should be added to the soil at establishment to provide sufficiency during sod development, there is no such test for N needs. Given variable soil conditions and fall weather patterns that exert substantial controlling effects on the rate of fescue development, sod growers must base much of their nitrogen scheduling on experience. To provide growers with more detailed information on which to base their nitrogen scheduling decisions, we conducted a study at Brookmeade Sod Farm in Doswell, VA, from September 2005 to June 2006, investigating a number of nitrogen sources, applied at two rates and two timings. Our objective was to determine the most cost-effective nitrogen fertilization program to go from an early September seeding of netted tall fescue to an effective harvest.

Approximately two weeks after seedling emergence (September 30), we applied the following N-fertilizer treatments every 30 or 60 days, through November, for a range of two to three fall applications. Total N applied during grow-in (not including the amount supplied by the starter fertilizer) ranged from 1.5 to 6 lb./1000 ft2. Table 1 outlines the treatments and the estimated total cost of each treatment as of December 2005. Here is a short summary of the nitrogen sources or products tested in this trial. • Urea (46-0-0) is a quick-release, soluble N source. • Ammonium sulfate (AS) is a quick-release, soluble N source. • Sulfur-coated urea (SCU) is a slow-release N source. SCU is made by spraying preheated urea prills with molten sulfur. A sealant such as wax is usually applied to seal pores and imperfections in the sulfur coating, and a diatomaceous earth conditioner is used to decrease stickiness. N content of SCU

Materials and methods The soil test conducted prior to seeding indicated a pH of 6.6, organic matter of 1.3%, with P levels rated as high and K as low. On Sept. 1, 2005, we seeded a test area with 200 lbs./acre of a 90% tall fescue/10% Kentucky bluegrass mix. A starter fertilizer to supply 100 lbs. N/acre, 50 lbs. P2O5/acre and 150 lbs. K2O/acre was applied uniformly over the whole test area, followed by netting.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

Photo 1: Winter color and density on January 9, 2006, as affected by fertilizer treatments in September through November 2005.

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CONTINUED is usually in the range of 32% to 38% and is dependent on coating thickness. For N release to occur, water vapor or liquid water enters the particle through pores or imperfections in the coating. Release rate increases as coating thickness decreases and as temperature increases. • UFlexx and UMaxx (Agrotain International) are slow-release stabilized-N products. These products contain urea (46-0-0) that is formulated with nitrification and urease inhibitors. The urease inhibitor delays the conversion of urea-N to ammonium-N, while the nitrification inhibitor delays the conversion of ammonium to nitrate. UFlexx is designed to release N over 6 to 8 weeks, while UMaxx’s release period is 12 to 16 weeks. • CoRoN (28-0-0 from Helena Chemical) stands for Controlled Release Nitrogen. This solution contains water-soluble methylene ureas and some free urea. Approximately 30% of the N is quick release, while the remaining 70% is slow release in short chains of methylene urea that require microbial action for N release. • Helena programs 1 and 2 consist of three products: Asset RTU (at 1.5 oz./1000 ft2), Hydra-Hume (at 4.5 oz./1000 ft2) and CoRoN (at 0.5 lbs. N/1000 ft2 for program 1, and 1 lb. N/1000 ft2 for program 2). Asset RTU has a 6-20-5 analysis and contains micronutrients as well as carboxylate and polyacrylate additives meant to increase plant nutrient uptake. Hydra-Hume (0-0-1) contains 16% humic and fulvic acids meant to increase plant nutrient availability and stress tolerance. Helena Chemical’s goal in including these two programs was to determine if their additives would allow 50% less N to be applied with adequate results. Visual rating of percent ground cover and leaf color were taken monthly during active growth. Sod strength was measured at the end of the trial.

Fig. 1: Effect of quick-release N source and Fall-applied amount on tall fescue ground cover

100 90 80 70 60 Nov05 Apr06 May06

50 40 30 20 10 0

Check

Urea 2 lb

Urea 4 lb

AS 2 lb

AS 4 lb

Fig. 2: Effect of urea vs. slow-release N source at 3 lb/M (Fall-applied) on tall fescue ground cover

100 90 80 70 60 Nov05 Apr06 May06

50 40 30 20 10 0 Check

Urea 3lb

SCU 3lb UFlexx CoRoN Helena 3lb 3lb 1.5lb

Photo 2: Check plot color and density compared (on the day of harvest) to fall-applied ammonium sulfate at 4 lbs. N/1000 ft2. 25

CONTINUED

Results Weather September 2005 was unique in that only 0.04” of precipitation occurred, and it was 5º F warmer than the 30-year average for the area. Adequate germination, providing 30% to 60% plot area coverage, was still achieved by two weeks after planting due to irrigation. October provided above-normal rainfall and normal temperatures, and N response became apparent. However, poor rainfall in November, followed by colder-than-normal temperatures in December, slowed fescue development considerably. Lower-than-normal precipitation in February, followed by the lowest rainfall amount on record in March 2006, brought this comment from Louis Brooking of Brookmeade Sod Farm: “This is the slowest fescue grow-in I’ve experienced in thirty-five years at this site!”

May. Comparing the rates of fescue cover achieved with the use of urea at 2, 3 and 4 lbs./1000 ft2 of fall-applied N (Figs. 1 and 2), it appears that the 3 lb. rate provided an acceptable rate of cover for less cost per acre than the 4 lb. rate ($66 vs. $88, see Table 1, on page 29).

Percent Ground Cover By November 2005, percent fescue ground cover was between 40% and 80%, with the unfertilized check stalled at 40% cover (Fig. 1). The extra 1 lb. of N/1000 ft2 applied in late September of the quick-release sources, as represented in Fig. 1 by the 4 lb. total fall-applied rates, resulted in greater percent cover at the November 2005 rating date (as seen in Photo 2). This slight increase in density, due to higher fall-applied quick-release N, persisted into the April 2006 rating date but did not make a significant difference once temperature and rainfall increased enough to actively push growth in late April through TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

TN UE W R FS TF AR LOKM T H E T T A Comparing urea to the slow-release N sources tested in this trial (Fig. 2), no significant advantage in the rate of ground cover achieved was apparent due to the fall application of 3 lbs. N/1000 ft2 of a slow-release source. Thus, the extra cost associated with the use of these slow-release sources was not justified. When urea or ammonium sulfate (AS) at 3 lbs./1000 ft2 of fall-applied N are compared to a 50/50 combination of quick- and slow-release sources (Fig. 3), it is apparent that there was no observed advantage to adding the more costly slow-release sources. Further, no percentcover advantage was observed when additives were applied with the CoRoN in the Helena2 program (Fig. 3). However, the Helena2 program provided the darkest leaf color at the late May harvest (Fig. 4); however, this dark color was matched by the AS treatment (see Photo 3). Netted fescue sod strength Small increases in sod strength at the May 25, 2006 harvest were seen due to urea, SCU and UFlexx, relative to

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006

the unfertilized check. However, our results were quite variable due to the confounding effects of the netting.

Recommendations The sub-optimum rainfall and temperatures of Sept. 2005 through March 2006 severely limited tall fescue sod development. Therefore, the results of the present trial may not be indicative of normal growing conditions. Given these stipulations, our data indicate that an additional 3 lbs./1000 ft2 (about 150 lb./ acre) of fall-applied N, following a starter fertilizer application, was sufficient to produce a harvestable netted tall fescue sod. Further, no significant advantage of using slow-release or combinations of quickand slow-release N sources was found in terms of producing a harvestable netted fescue sod. Use of 2 to 4 lbs./1000 ft2 of quick-release N (about 100 to 200 lbs. N/acre) during fall and winter grow-in of fescue should be cost effective and adequate for proper sod development in Virginia. T

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CONTINUED Table 1: N-source Comparison for VA Sod Growers’ Tall Fescue Trial: 2005-2006 Total lbs. applied in fall

Treatment Number

N-Source

N-Release

Urea

quick

30 days

$66

Urea

quick

60 days

$44

Urea

quick

30 days

$132

Urea

quick

60 days

$88

SCU

slow

30 days

$120

SCU

slow

60 days

$80

SCU

slow

30 days

$240

SCU

slow

60 days

$160

quick

30 days

$81

quick

60 days

$54

quick

30 days

$162

quick

60 days

$108

UFlexx

slow

30 days

$150

UFlexx

slow

60 days

$100

UFlexx

slow

30 days

$300

UFlexx

slow

60 days

$200

CoRoN

slow

30 days

$243

CoRoN

slow

60 days

$162

CoRoN

slow

30 days

$486

CoRoN

slow

60 days

$324

Urea + SCU

mixed

30 days

$93

Urea + SCU

mixed

60 days

$62

Urea + SCU

mixed

30 days

$186

Urea + SCU

mixed

60 days

$124

AS + SCU

mixed

30 days

$102

AS + SCU

mixed

60 days

$62

AS + SCU

mixed

30 days

$186

AS + SCU

mixed

60 days

$124

UMaxx

slow

30 days

$180

UMaxx

slow

60 days

$120

UMaxx

slow

30 days

$360

UMaxx

slow

60 days

$240

Helena-1

slow

0.5

30 days

1.5

$205

Helena-2

slow

30 days

$329

Check

Lbs. N/ M/app.

Frequency

Cost per acre

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

41St Annual

2007 Tennessee Turfgrass Association

ANNUAL Conference and trade showPROGRAM

JANUARY 14TH, 15TH AND 16TH, 2007 FRANKLIN MARRIOTT COOL SPRINGS 700 COOL SPRINGS BLVD. â&#x20AC;¢ FRANKLIN, TENNESSEE 37067

Program & MEMBER REGISTRATION

CONFERENCE PROGRAM SPEAKERS AND TOPICS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE

SUNDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 14.......................................................................... 1:00 p.m. Update from the UT Turf Management and Turfgrass Weed Science Research, Teaching and Extension Team Mr. Steven M. Borst Mr. Gregory Breeden Mr. Matthew A. Cutulle Dr. Frank A. Hale Dr. Charles R. Hall Dr. William E. Klingeman III Mr. James D. McCurdy Dr. J. Scott McElroy Mr. John M. Parham Dr. Tom Samples Dr. John C. Sorochan Mr. Adam Thoms Mr. Rodney V. Tocco Dr. Alan S. Windham Dr. Janice M. Zale

3:00 p.m. State of the Green Industry Mr. Stephen F. Mona, GCSAA 3:45 p.m. The Turfgrass Breeding Program at the Coastal Plains Experiment Station, Tifton, GA Dr. Wayne H. Hanna, University of Georgia 4:30 p.m. Communicating with Golfers and Bosses Mr. Pat S. Jones, Flagstick LLC 5:15 p.m. Managing Turfgrass Diseases on Your Golf Course Dr. Brandon J. Horvath, Virginia Tech 6:00 p.m. ADJOURN

2:45 p.m. BREAK

Golf Course Symposium MONDAY MORNING, JANUARY 15. ........................................................................... 7:00 a.m. PRAYER BREAKFAST (Continental Style)

8:15 a.m. Workshops Designing and Managing Annual and Perennial Beds on Your Golf Course Mr. Dean Bemis, Goldsmith’s Seeds Learn how to select, plant and maintain flowers, and learn the principles of designing beds for seasonal color. Participants will work as a member of a “design team” during this workshop. Communicating in Spanish in the Workplace, Part 1 Mr. Ed Gumucio, Hablemos If you have ever been frustrated by the inability to communicate well in Spanish, but don’t have the time to devote years to learn the language, this workshop is for you. Stream Corridor Restoration and Management in Tennessee Mr. Joey Woodard and Mr. Greg Babbit, Tennessee Stream Mitigation Program Tennessee has over 60,000 miles of streams within 13 major basins that support over 300 species of fish. Participants will learn how to develop plans and strategies to protect or restore streambanks and shoreline property. Irrigation System Maintenance — Troubleshooting and Correcting an Electrical Problem Mr. Vince Nolletti, Paige Electric Co.

Workshop attendees will learn what steps to take when troubleshooting an irrigation- system electrical problem and the importance of effective electrical grounding.

10:00 a.m. BREAK

10:15 a.m. Workshops 32

Shrubs and Perennial Ground Covers for the Golf Course Mr. Larry Houser, Woods Edge Greenhouse and Nursery Learn how these exciting plants can be used to add interest and solve problems without requiring intensive management and straining your budget. Communicating in Spanish in the Workplace, Part 2 Mr. Ed Gumucio, Hablemos Mr. Gumucio will identify terms commonly used in the workplace and provide tips to help you improve your skills when both speaking and listening. Maintaining Healthy Lakes and Ponds Ms. Lynn Rushing Ms. Rushing, affectionately known as “The Pond Lady,” is here to help you identify and manage aquatic weeds without compromising the quality of the lakes and ponds on the golf course or in the landscape. New Herbicides for Turfgrass Professionals Dr. J. Scott McElroy and Mr. Gregory Breeden, University of Tennessee Several new herbicides will soon be, or have been, labeled for use in turfgrasses. Come learn how you may be able to use these new chemistries to manage weeds in your turf. Grinding Reels for a Quality Cut Mr. Brian Bridger, Neary, Foley United Get the most from your reel mowers. Mr. Bridger will teach attendees reel-grinding methods that will result in a consistent, high-quality cut. 12:00 noon LUNCH

MONDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 15......................................................................... 1 p.m. Special Topics Getting the Most from Ultradwarf Bermudagrasses Mr. Morris Brown, Champion Turf Farm Managing Projects on the Golf Course Mr. Cory Blair, Holston Hills Country Club, and Mr. Scott Severance, Fox Den Country Club Bunker Renovation at Holston Hills Country Club Mr. Ryan Blair, Holston Hills Country Club

A World of Turf Dr. Dennis Shepard, Syngenta Professional Products Around the Southeastern Region in 60 Minutes Mr. Chris Hartwiger

TRADE SHOW 2:15 p.m. - 5:15 p.m.

TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 16............................................................................. 6:45 a.m. AWARDS BREAKFAST and TTA BUSINESS MEETING

Golf Course Session 8:20 a.m. Questions You Always Wanted to Ask One of Those Egomaniacal Designers But Were Afraid to Ask Mr. Robert E. Cupp and Mr. Billy Fuller, Cupp Design

8:20 a.m. Converting Cool-season Athletic Turfs to Seeded and Vegetative Bermudagrasses, and More Research from Virginia Tech Dr. James Michael (Mike) Goatley Jr., Virginia Tech

TRADE SHOW 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

Sports Turf Session TUESDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 16......................................................................... Golf Course Session

Sports Turf Session

1:00 p.m. Tennessee Golf Course Superintendents Association Meeting

1:00 p.m. Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association Meeting

1:30 p.m. University of Arkansas Turfgrass Research Update Dr. Michael D. Richardson, University of Arkansas

1:30 p.m. TBA – presentation title presenter’s name

2:00 p.m. Progress Report: Cool- and Warm-Season Turfgrasses for Tennessee Golf Courses Dr. Leah Brilman, Seed Research of Oregon

2:00 p.m. Getting the Most From Your Athletic Field Management Efforts Dr. Roch E. Gaussoin, University of Nebraska

2:30 p.m. BREAK

2:45 p.m. TBA Dr. Gregg C. Munshaw, Mississippi State University

2:45 p.m. Sports Turfs from the Roots Up Dr. James Michael (Mike) Goatley Jr., Virginia Tech

3:15 p.m. Considering Your Turfgrass Management Program Dr. Roch E. Gaussoin, University of Nebraska

3:15 p.m. Seeded Turfgrasses for Athletic Turfs in the Transition Zone Dr. Leah Brilman, Seed Research of Oregon

3:45 p.m. The Problem: Insecticide Resistance in Turfgrass Insects Dr. James A. Reinert, Texas A&M

3:45 p.m. Managing Turfgrass Wear Dr. Michael D. Richardson, University of Arkansas

4:15 p.m. GCSAA Live Webcast

4:15 p.m. TBA – name of presentation presenter’s name

4:45 p.m. ADJOURN Please Have a Safe Trip Home.

FEATURED SPEAKERS Mr. Greg Babbit East Tennessee Project Manager Tennessee Stream Mitigation Program Maryville, TN 865-310-2131 Email: greg.babbit@tsmp.us Website: www.tsmp.us

Mr. Billy Fuller Senior Agronomist Cupp Design Atlanta, GA 404-847-0070 Email: cuppdsgn@aol.com Website: www.cuppdesign.com

Mr. Dean Bemis Goldsmith’s Seeds, Inc. St. Charles, IL 630-584-7745 Email: dean@goldsmithseeds.com

Dr. Roch E. Gaussoin Professor, Agronomy & Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 402-472-8619 Email: rgaussoin1@unl.edu

Mr. Cory Blair, CGCS Director of Agronomy Rarity Communities, Inc. Lenoir City, TN Email: coryblair@raritybay.com Mr. Ryan Blair Holston Hills Country Club Knoxville, TN 865-523-7804 Email: blair1927@aol.com Mr. Steven M. Borst Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 Email: sborst1@utk.edu Mr. Gregory Breeden Extension/Research Assistant, Weed Control Knoxville, TN 865-974-7208 Email: gbreeden@utk.edu Mr. Brian Bridger Regional Sales Manager Neary, Foley United River Falls, WI 724-238-3526 Email: brianbridger@nearytec.com Dr. Leah Brilman Director of Research and Technical Services Seed Research of Oregon Corvallis, OR 800-253-5766 Email: srofarm@attglobal.net Mr. Morris Brown Champion Turf Farm, Inc. Bay City, TX 979-245-3231 Robert E. Cupp, ASGCA Cupp Design Atlanta, GA 404-847-0070 Email: cuppdsgn@aol.com Website: www.cuppdesign.com Mr. Matthew A. Cutulle Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 Email: mcutulle@utk.edu

Mr. Pat S. Jones President Flagstick LLC Rocky River, OH 440-333-0673 Email: psjhawk@cox.net Dr. William E. Klingeman III Associate Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: wklingem@utk.edu

Mr. Ed Gumucio Hablemos Smyrna TN 615-223-1255 Email: ablemos@ablemos.com

Mr. James D. McCurdy Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 Email: jmccurd1@utk.edu

Dr. James Michael (Mike) Goatley Jr. Associate Professor, Ext. Turfgrass Specialist Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 540-231-2951 Email: goatley@vt.edu

Dr. J. Scott McElroy Assistant Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: mcelroy@utk.edu

Dr. Frank A. Hale Professor, Entomology and Plant Pathology The University of Tennessee Nashville, TN 615-832-6802 Email: fahale@utk.edu Dr. Charles R. Hall Professor, Agriculture Economics The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7410 Email: crhall@utk.edu Dr. Wayne H. Hanna University of Georgia Tifton, GA 229-386-3184 Email: whanna@tifton.uga.edu Mr. Chris Hartwiger Senior Agronomist, Southeast Region USGA Green Section Birmingham, AL 205-444-5079 Email: chartwiger@usga.org Dr. Brandon J. Horvath Assistant Professor, Hampton Roads AREC Virginia Tech Virginia Beach, VA 757-363-3884 Email: bhorvath@vt.edu Mr. Larry Houser Owner Woods Edge Greenhouse and Nursery Zionsville, IN 317-733-0693 Email: lho2436619@aol.com

Mr. Stephen F. Mona, CAE Chief Executive Officer Golf Course Superintendents Association of America Lawrence, KS 800-472-7878 Dr. Gregg C. Munshaw Assistant Professor Mississippi State University Starkville, MS 662-325-8280 Email: gcm59@msstate.edu Mr. Vince Nolletti Vice President Irrigation and Landscape Lighting Operations Paige Electric Co., LP Fresno, CA 559-431-2346 Email: vnolletti@paigeelectric.com Website: www.paigewire.com Mr. John M. Parham Research Associate II The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 Email: jparha.m.2@utk.edu

AKE T O M T H E E R U AT BE S TIONS A V R E ES

KLIN FRAN IOTT M A R RP R I N G S

COOL

Ms. Lynn Rushing Lexington, KY 859-278-7663 Email: lynn@pondlady.com Dr. Tom Samples Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 865-974-2595 Email: tsamples@utk.edu Mr. Scott Severance Fox Den Country Club Knoxville, TN 865-966-2531 Dr. Dennis Shepard Syngenta Professional Products Franklin, TN 615-790-3281 Email: dennis.shepard@syngenta.com Dr. John C. Sorochan Assistant Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: sorochan@utk.edu Mr. Adam Thoms Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: athoms@utk.edu Mr. Rodney V. Tocco Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: rtocco@utk.edu Dr. Alan S. Windham Professor The University of Tennessee Nashville, TN 615-832-6802 Email: awindha1@utk.edu

Dr. James A. Reinert Professor of Entomology Texas A&M Dallas, TX 972-231-5362 Email: j-reinert@ta.m.u.edu

Mr. Joey Woodard Program Director Tennessee Stream Mitigation Program Nashville, TN 615-831-9311, ext. 111 Email: joey.woodard@tsmp.us Website: www.tsmp.us

Dr. Michael D. Richardson Associate Professor University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR 479-575-2860 Email: mricha@uark.edu

Dr. Janice M. Zale Assistant Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: jzale@utk.edu

41ST Annual Tennessee Turfgrass Association C o n f e r e nc e an d t r a d e s h o w

Please complete, sign and return this form with your payment.

Please list all information as you would like it to appear in the 2007 TTA Annual Directory.

address:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ city/state/zip:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ telephone:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ fax:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ email:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PRIMARY FUNCTION COMMERCIAL VENDOR TURF MANAGER q Commercial Lawn Care q Equipment Dealer q Golf Course q Retail Center q Distributor q Parks & Recreation q Landscaping q Manufacturer q Sports Field q Irrigation Contractor q Other_______________ q Hotel/Resort q DOT q Hospital/Health Care q Other_______________ q School/University q Cemetery q Other_______________

Please list the first and last names of the persons attending the 2007 Conference & Trade Show. Attach separate list if needed. 1 2 3

PLEASE CHECK THE BOX FOR ADDITIONAL ASSOCIATION AFFILIATIONS:

q PGMS

q TNLA

q TVSTMA

q TGCSA

q Other _____________

7 8

REGISTRATION OPTIONS 1 Primary Member Registration

$ 175.00

Price includes 2007 Membership Dues

Associate Member Registration

TOTAL

$ 120.00 $

Registrants from the same facility are eligible for Associate Membership if the facility has two primary members.

Student Member Registration

$ 60.00

One Day Pass (Limit 1)

$ 75.00

One Day Student Pass (Limit 1)

$ 10.00

Awards Breakfast Ticket

$ 25.00

Endowment Fund Contribution q Research q Scholarship

$ $

REGISTRATION FORM

company name:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

$ $

Extension

Please make checks payable to:

Tennessee Turfgrass Association • 400 Franklin Road • Franklin, TN 37069

GRAND TOTAL

(No Credit Cards)

TTA Office Use Only

Date______________

Check No. ______________

Cash ______________

CONTRACT FOR EXHIBIT SPACE 36

41st Annual Tennessee Turfgrass Association C o n f e r e nc e an d t r a d e s h o w

Please complete, sign and return this form with your payment.

BOOTHS

BOOTHS 1 – 76

SIZE UNIT PRICE QUANTITY TOTAL 80 SQ FT

$495

(Max limit of 4)

ADDITIONAL MEMBERSHIP TO TTA: (1 included with 10’ x 8’ booth rental.

$50

Attend the TTA Breakfast & Business Meeting!

$25/person

Tues., Jan. 16, 2007, 6:45 a.m.-8 a.m.

Please make checks payable to : Tennessee Turfgrass Association 400 Franklin Road Franklin, TN 37069 (No Credit Cards)

TOTAL

FIRST CHOICE

SECOND CHOICE

THIRD CHOICE

BOOTH PREFERENCE All reservations are made on a first-paid, first-reserved basis only. Please note the cancellation policy as outlined in the section of the brochure entitled “Rules & Regulations.” If electricity is required, please contact Jim Uden at (615) 591-8286 for Marriott form and further information. Purchased luncheon tickets will be included in vendor packet upon registration and setup. Please print or type the following: Name:

(Person responsible for the booth)

MEMBER Name:

(To be included in Directory)

Signature: Firm:

(As your ID sign should read)

Mailing Address: City:

State: Zip:

Telephone:

Fax:

EMAIL: **ADDITIONAL NAMES FOR BADGES:

(**If more space is needed, please attach a complete list)

**ADDITIONAL MEMBERSHIPS:

(**If more space is needed, please attach a complete list)

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTS/SERVICES YOU SELL OR PROVIDE:

RULES & REGULATIONS Opening and Closing: The exhibit officially opens at 2:15 p.m., Monday, January 15, 2007, and will close at 12:00 p.m., Tuesday, January 16, 2007. Exhibit Set-up and Breakdown: General booth set-up will be from 9:00 a.m., Monday, January 15, 2007, until 2:00 p.m. All exhibits must be dismantled by 5:00 p.m., Tuesday, January 16, 2007.

Insurance and Fire Protection: The Tennessee Turfgrass Association will exercise all reasonable care for the protection of exhibitor’s material and displays. An official of the trade show committee will be on duty in the exhibit area during set-up and breakdown periods. The exhibit area will be secured during non-exhibit hours.

Contract for Space: The application for space and the formal notice of assignment constitutes a contract for the right to use the space so allotted. In the event of fire, strikes, or other uncontrollable circumstances, the contract will not be binding. The Tennessee Turfgrass Association reserves the right to cancel any contract with any exhibitor any time prior to or during the conference.

Liability: The exhibitor agrees to make no claim against the Tennessee Turfgrass Association nor its members or employees for loss, theft, damage or destruction of goods, nor any injury to himself/herself, or employees prior, during or subsequent to the period covered by the exhibit contract, nor for any damage whatsoever, including the damage to his business by reason of failure to provide space for the exhibit, nor for failure to hold the Conference as scheduled. The exhibitor, upon signing the contract for exhibit space, expressly releases the foregoing named conference and individuals from any and all claims for such loss, damage or injury.

Use of Space: All demonstrations, interviews, distributions of advertising material or other activities must be confined to the limits of the exhibit booths. No exhibitor shall assign, sublet or share the whole or part of the space allotted without the knowledge and approval of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association.

Cancellation: In the event an exhibitor must cancel, and cannot exhibit, the following will apply. A. If the reserved booth or island can be contracted, a 100% refund will be granted. B. If the reserved booth or island can not be contracted, a 50% refund will be granted.

Booths: There will be sixty five (65) 10’ x 8’ booths available. Each will be piped and draped. Each will have a 6’ skirted table, 2 chairs, wastebasket and one I.D. sign.

floor plan

Please indicate preferences on Exhibit Space contract

I N D E X O F ADVERTISE RS BWI Companies www.bwicompanies.com........................... 11 & 28 Commercial Discount Parts www.cdpparts.com............................ 7 Covermaster, Inc. www.covermaster.com.................................... 5 Dixie Turf and Tree . .......................................................... 17 E & S Soil and Peat www.eandssoil.com.................................... 11 Ewing Irrigation www.Ewing1.com........................ Inside Back Cover Greenville Turf & Tractor www.JohnDeere.com............................. 3 Harrell’s www.harrells.com..................................................... 17 Jackson Sand ................................................................... 22 K-Rain Manufacturing Corp. www.krain.com. ............................. 19 Keeling Company www.keelingcompany.com................................ 9 Ladd’s www.bobladd.com...................................................... 30 Mayes Turf Machines, LLC www.MayesTurfMachines.com. ............. 21 Mid Tenn Turf www.midtennturf.com. ........................................ 5 Patten Seed Company/Super Sod www.zoysiagolf.com.................. 11 Princeton Delivery Systems, Inc. www.piggy-back.com..................................... Inside Front Cover ProSource One www.prosourceone.com..................................... 15 Quail Valley Farm ............................................................... 22 Regal Chemical www.regalchem.com........................................ 14 Smith Turf & Irrigation www.smithturf.com...................... Back Cover Southeastern Turf, LLC www.southeasternturf.com. ...................... 27 Sur-Line Turf, Inc. .............................................................. 20 Syngenta www.syngentaprofessionalproducts.com.................................... 26 Turf Mountain Sod www.turfmountain.com....................................................... 38 Turf Specialties, Inc. ........................................................... 28 Turfgrass America www.turfgrassamerica.com. .................................................. 7 United Agriculture SVCS of America www.uas-cropmaster.com........ 21 Winstead Turf Farms, Inc. www.winsteadturf.com........................................................ 23

classified

McKamey Landscapes, L.L.C. Phone: (423) 236-4363 Fax: (423) 236-4007 For Sale – $19,000 O.B.O. 1992 Izuzu NRR Diesel Truck 130,000 Miles Refurbished 2003

CALENDAR OF EVENTS October 16, 2006

ETGCSA – S & R Tournament Location: Green Meadows Country Club, Alcoa, TN

October 16, 2006

MAGCSA – S & R Tournament Location: Glen Eagles Country Club, Millington, TN

November 5-7, 2006

International Irrigation Show Location: San Antonio, TX

November 7, 2006

MTGCSA – S & R Tournament Location: Belle Meade Country Club, Nashville, TN

November 9, 2006

TVSTMA Sports Tour Location: Chattanooga Lookouts/ Finley Stadium, Chattanooga, TN

January 4-5, 2007

Mid-States Horticultural Expo Location: Kentucky Exposition Center, Louisville, KY

January 14–16, 2007

41st Annual TTA Conference & Tradeshow Location: Marriott Cool Springs, Franklin, TN

January 17–21, 2007

STMA Annual Conference & Exhibition Location: San Antonio, TX

February 19-24, 2007 Golf Industry Show Location: Anaheim, CA