The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association
The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association
TABLE OF CONTENTS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
FEATURED ARTICLES
11 18 28 34 40
18 Cover Story
Upcoming Event — 2007 TTA Annual Conference & Trade Show Cover Story — Extreme Makeover… Home-Lawn Style Turf Talk — Update on Water-Quality Issues for Golf Courses
Turf Talk
Turf Tips — Effects of Cold Temperatures on Sulfonylurea Herbicides Eye on Business — The ACSP… Good for Golf, Good for the Environment
DEPARTMENTS
4
From the TTA President, Bill Francis
6
From the TVSTMA, Al Ray
8
Calendar of Events
46
Index of Advertisers
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TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
34
Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com
Turf Tips
Short Mountain Silica
Short Mountain Silica is the brightest idea for the whitest sand. We specialize in white sand for new and existing golf courses and athletic fields such as the University of Tennessee football field.
• • • • • •
• White Sand • Meets USGA Specifications • Differet blends of bunker and top dressing sand Green Divot Fix Sand Green Divot Fix Sand with Peat Root Zone Mixes 2 Blenders on site for blending sand and root zone mix Delivered by our own fleet of trucks Sold in bulk, 3000# & 2000# Supersacks, and 50# bags
Other Products include: • High Quality Silica Sand • Glass Grade Sand • Ground Silica Flour
170 Silica Road Mooresburg, TN 37811 Phone: 423-272-5700 Fax: 423-272-9637 www.shortmtnsilica.com
R OS M F RT OH ME PT RH EE S TI DT EA N T N EF W
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reetings from upper East Tennessee! As we enter the winter months and hopefully enjoy a break from the “in season” rigors of the job, it is time to think about continuing education. Therefore, mark your 2007 calendar for the Tennessee Turfgrass Conference and Trade Show, to be held on January 14-16 in Franklin, Tennessee. In my opinion, there is no better place to hear great speakers and to network with fellow turfgrass professionals, as well as receive continuing education credits and pesticide re-certification points. The 2007 event looks to be one of the best ever, as Dr. Tom Samples and the TTA Education Committee have filled the program’s slate with a fabulous host of speakers and topics. With an exciting change of venue this year, we are anticipating a great turnout at the Marriott Cool Springs in Franklin. Therefore, I
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TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
B I L L F R A N C IS
encourage anyone who is planning to attend to register soon. Don’t forget to bring your assistant and/or other key personnel, as this is a great opportunity for them to also further their education. For those who will need overnight accommodations, please make your room reservations through Marriott to ensure you receive the special TTA Conference rate. On behalf of the TTA, I would like to wish you and yours a safe and happy holiday season and a great 2007. I look forward to seeing you in Franklin! T
Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com
The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association
Tennessee Turfgrass is the official publication of The Tennessee Turfgrass Association 400 Franklin Road Franklin, Tennessee 37069 (615) 591-8286 tnturfgrassassn@aol.com Published by Leading Edge Communications, LLC 206 Bridge Street Franklin, Tennessee 37064 (615) 790-3718 Fax (615) 794-4524 Email:info@leadingedgecommunications.com Editor Mr. Bobby Stringer Scientific Editor Dr. J. Scott McElroy TTA OFFICERS President Mr. Bill Francis The Ridges Golf & CC (423) 913-2276 Vice President Mr. Bob Hogan The Hogan Company (888) 224-6426 Secretary/Treasurer Mr. Bobby Stringer Germantown Country Club (901) 754-7755 Past President Mr. Jeff Case (901) 373-4344 Executive Secretary Mr. Jim Uden (615) 591-8286 TTA 2006 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. Cory Blair Mr. Bart Cash Ms. Monica Lalinde-Cooper Mr. Brad Erickson Ms. Shelia Finney Mr. Roger Frazier Mr. Mickey Lovett Mr. Bill Marbet Mr. Bob McCurdy Mr. Tommy Mittlesteadt Mr. Mitch Parker Mr. Frank Turner TTA ADVISORY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD Mr. Bill Blackburn Mr. Lynn Ray Dr. Tom Samples Dr. Dennis Shepard Dr. John Sorochan
FROM THE TVSTMA If You Can Attend Only One Event,
This One Is It!
D
on’t look now, but there goes another year. Boom… just like that… gone. I know we all got everything done we wanted to do, right? Perfectly, just like we planned it, all without a hitch. Our sports fields are showplaces, we’re a shoe-in for our local “yard of the year” award, our kids did chores and homework without being asked, and our spouses just could not be happier with us. The entirety of our professional and personal goals, dreams and aspirations for the year were met. No doubt about it — you’re a peach. Where’s the fun in that? Effective managers in general like to be challenged, but good sports turf managers thrive on it. Come on — admit it. Somewhere deep down, you dare Mother Nature and the “mortal powers that be” to come with their best. Bring on dallisgrass, nutsedge and any turf-devouring vermin. Bring on the stupidest idea anyone ever had for an event to be held on your field. No matter — you’ll take ’em deep. You’ll pull it off in grand fashion. So here’s to you, ‘O Guru of the Grass and Doctor of the Dirt. It’s what makes you special and creates the bond between you and your brethren. I hope everyone’s year was successful and rewarding. The TVSTMA started the year with some goals, and we did a pretty good job achieving them. Meeting attendance was up from last year, and our website is back and updated. Although we gained some new members, membership growth and active membership remain, in my opinion, areas for improvement. We especially have tremendous potential to make an impact within the parks and recreation ranks, as well as the prep ranks. I know I’m preaching to the choir again, but please bring your ideas to the Tennessee Turfgrass Association’s Annual Conference & Trade Show in January. The TVSTMA meets during the Conference. This is when we raise our sail and set our course for another year. It provides the opportunity to openly express our views, elect our leadership and conduct our business in the proper quorum — freely and without
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TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
reservation — in a positive and professional manner. The conference is January 14-16. If you could attend only one conference per year as a sports turf professional in our part of the world, this is the one. Thanks to all who served as hosts, speakers, sponsors and organizers to make our 2006 Field Days successful. Special thanks to those who gave of themselves in their leadership roles and who understand the importance of responsible performance of duties to our chapter. Time is our most precious commodity, and your generosity made our meetings time well spent. Finally, I offer my sincerest thanks to you for allowing me to serve my friends, the members of the Tennessee Valley Chapter of the Sports Turf Managers Association. T Al Ray TVSTMA President
Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com
The Tennessee Turfgrass Association serves its members in the industry through education, promotion and representation. The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, its staff, or its board of directors, Tennessee Turfgrass Magazine, or its editors. Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or Turfgrass Association members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in this, past or subsequent issues of this quarterly publication. Copyright Š2006 by the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. Tennessee Turfgrass is published bi-monthly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. POSTMASTER: Send change of address notification to Tennessee Turfgrass Association, 400 Franklin Road, Franklin, TN 37069. Postage guaranteed. Third-class postage is paid at Franklin, TN. Printed in the U.S.A. Reprints and Submissions: Tennessee Turfgrass allows reprinting of material. Permission requests should be directed to the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information. Advertising: For display and classified advertising rates and insertions, please contact Leading Edge Communications, LLC, 206 Bridge Street, Franklin, TN 37064, (615) 790-3718, Fax (615) 794-4524.
41St Annual
2007 Tennessee Turfgrass Association
ANNUAL Conference and trade show PROGRAM
JANUARY 14TH, 15TH AND 16TH, 2007 FRANKLIN MARRIOTT COOL SPRINGS 700 COOL SPRINGS BLVD. • FRANKLIN, TENNESSEE 37067
Program & MEMBER REGISTRATION
CONFERENCE PROGRAM SPEAKERS AND TOPICS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
SUNDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 14.......................................................................... 1:00 p.m. Update from the UT Turf Management and Turfgrass Weed Science Research, Teaching and Extension Team Mr. Steven M. Borst Mr. Gregory Breeden Mr. Matthew A. Cutulle Dr. Frank A. Hale Dr. Charles R. Hall Dr. William E. Klingeman III Mr. James D. McCurdy Dr. J. Scott McElroy Mr. John M. Parham Dr. Tom Samples Dr. John C. Sorochan Mr. Adam Thoms Mr. Rodney V. Tocco Dr. Alan S. Windham Dr. Janice M. Zale
3:00 p.m. State of the Green Industry Mr. Stephen F. Mona, GCSAA 3:45 p.m. The Turfgrass Breeding Program at the Coastal Plains Experiment Station, Tifton, GA Dr. Wayne H. Hanna, University of Georgia 4:30 p.m. Communicating with Golfers and Bosses Mr. Pat S. Jones, Flagstick LLC 5:15 p.m. Managing Turfgrass Diseases on Your Golf Course Dr. Brandon J. Horvath, Virginia Tech 6:00 p.m. ADJOURN
2:45 p.m. BREAK
Golf Course Symposium MONDAY MORNING, JANUARY 15. ........................................................................... 7:00 a.m. PRAYER BREAKFAST (Continental Style)
8:15 a.m. Workshops Designing and Managing Annual and Perennial Beds on Your Golf Course Mr. Dean Bemis, Goldsmith’s Seeds
Learn how to select, plant and maintain flowers, and learn the principles of designing beds for seasonal color. Participants will work as a member of a “design team” during this workshop.
Communicating in Spanish in the Workplace, Part 1 Mr. Ed Gumucio, Hablemos
If you have ever been frustrated by the inability to communicate well in Spanish, but don’t have the time to devote years to learn the language, this workshop is for you.
Stream Corridor Restoration and Management in Tennessee Mr. Joey Woodard and Mr. Greg Babbit, Tennessee Stream Mitigation Program
Tennessee has over 60,000 miles of streams within 13 major basins that support over 300 species of fish. Participants will learn how to develop plans and strategies to protect or restore streambanks and shoreline property.
Irrigation System Maintenance — Troubleshooting and Correcting an Electrical Problem Mr. Vince Nolletti, Paige Electric Co.
Workshop attendees will learn what steps to take when troubleshooting an irrigation-system electrical problem and the importance of effective electrical grounding.
10:00 a.m. BREAK
10:15 a.m. Workshops Shrubs and Perennial Ground Covers for the Golf Course
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Mr. Larry Houser, Woods Edge Greenhouse and Nursery
Learn how these exciting plants can be used to add interest and solve problems without requiring intensive management and straining your budget.
Communicating in Spanish in the Workplace, Part 2 Mr. Ed Gumucio, Hablemos
Mr. Gumucio will identify terms commonly used in the workplace and provide tips to help you improve your skills when both speaking and listening.
Maintaining Healthy Lakes and Ponds Ms. Lynn Rushing
Ms. Rushing, affectionately known as “The Pond Lady,” is here to help you identify and manage aquatic weeds without compromising the quality of the lakes and ponds on the golf course or in the landscape.
New Herbicides for Turfgrass Professionals Dr. J. Scott McElroy and Mr. Gregory Breeden, University of Tennessee Several new herbicides will soon be, or have been, labeled for use in turfgrasses. Come learn how you may be able to use these new chemistries to manage weeds in your turf.
Grinding Reels for a Quality Cut Mr. Brian Bridger, Neary, Foley United
Get the most from your reel mowers. Mr. Bridger will teach attendees reel-grinding methods that will result in a consistent, high-quality cut.
12:00 noon LUNCH
MONDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 15......................................................................... 1 p.m. Special Topics Getting the Most from Ultradwarf Bermudagrasses Mr. Morris Brown, Champion Turf Farm Managing Projects on the Golf Course Mr. Cory Blair, Holston Hills Country Club, and Mr. Scott Severance, Fox Den Country Club Bunker Renovation at Holston Hills Country Club Mr. Ryan Blair, Holston Hills Country Club
A World of Turf Dr. Dennis Shepard, Syngenta Professional Products Around the Southeastern Region in 60 Minutes Mr. Chris Hartwiger
TRADE SHOW 2:15 p.m. - 5:15 p.m.
TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 16............................................................................. 6:45 a.m. AWARDS BREAKFAST and TTA BUSINESS MEETING
Golf Course Session 8:20 a.m. Questions You Always Wanted to Ask One of Those Egomaniacal Designers But Were Afraid to Ask Mr. Robert E. Cupp and Mr. Billy Fuller, Cupp Design
8:20 a.m. Converting Cool-season Athletic Turfs to Seeded and Vegetative Bermudagrasses, and More Research from Virginia Tech Dr. James Michael (Mike) Goatley Jr., Virginia Tech
TRADE SHOW 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Sports Turf Session TUESDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 16......................................................................... Golf Course Session
Sports Turf Session
1:00 p.m. Tennessee Golf Course Superintendents Association Meeting
1:00 p.m. Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association Meeting
1:30 p.m. University of Arkansas Turfgrass Research Update Dr. Michael D. Richardson, University of Arkansas
1:30 p.m. The Challenges of Managing Fifth Third Field (Part 1) Mr. Jake Pylar, Toledo Mud Hens
2:00 p.m. Progress Report: Cool- and Warm-Season Turfgrasses for Tennessee Golf Courses Dr. Leah Brilman, Seed Research of Oregon
2:00 p.m. Getting the Most From Your Athletic Field Management Efforts Dr. Roch E. Gaussoin, University of Nebraska
2:30 p.m. BREAK
2:30 p.m. BREAK
2:45 p.m. Turfgrass Research at Mississippi State – An Update Dr. Gregg C. Munshaw, Mississippi State University
2:45 p.m. Sports Turfs from the Roots Up Dr. James Michael (Mike) Goatley Jr., Virginia Tech
3:15 p.m. Considering Your Turfgrass Management Program Dr. Roch E. Gaussoin, University of Nebraska
3:15 p.m. Seeded Turfgrasses for Athletic Turfs in the Transition Zone Dr. Leah Brilman, Seed Research of Oregon
3:45 p.m. The Problem: Insecticide Resistance in Turfgrass Insects Dr. James A. Reinert, Texas A&M
3:45 p.m. Managing Turfgrass Wear Dr. Michael D. Richardson, University of Arkansas
4:15 p.m. GCSAA Live Webcast
4:15 p.m. The Challenges of Managing Fifth Third Field (Part 2) Mr. Jake Pylar, Toledo Mud Hens
4:45 p.m. ADJOURN Please Have a Safe Trip Home.
4:45 p.m. ADJOURN Please Have a Safe Trip Home.
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FEATURED SPEAKERS Mr. Greg Babbit East Tennessee Project Manager Tennessee Stream Mitigation Program Maryville, TN 865-310-2131 Email: greg.babbit@tsmp.us Website: www.tsmp.us
Mr. Billy Fuller Senior Agronomist Cupp Design Atlanta, GA 404-847-0070 Email: cuppdsgn@aol.com Website: www.cuppdesign.com
Mr. Dean Bemis Goldsmith’s Seeds, Inc. St. Charles, IL 630-584-7745 Email: dean@goldsmithseeds.com
Dr. Roch E. Gaussoin Professor, Agronomy & Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 402-472-8619 Email: rgaussoin1@unl.edu
Mr. Cory Blair, CGCS Director of Agronomy Rarity Communities, Inc. Lenoir City, TN Email: coryblair@raritybay.com Mr. Ryan Blair Holston Hills Country Club Knoxville, TN 865-523-7804 Email: blair1927@aol.com Mr. Steven M. Borst Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 Email: sborst1@utk.edu Mr. Gregory Breeden Extension/Research Assistant, Weed Control Knoxville, TN 865-974-7208 Email: gbreeden@utk.edu Mr. Brian Bridger Regional Sales Manager Neary, Foley United River Falls, WI 724-238-3526 Email: brianbridger@nearytec.com Dr. Leah Brilman Director of Research and Technical Services Seed Research of Oregon Corvallis, OR 800-253-5766 Email: srofarm@attglobal.net Mr. Morris Brown Champion Turf Farm, Inc. Bay City, TX 979-245-3231 Robert E. Cupp, ASGCA Cupp Design Atlanta, GA 404-847-0070 Email: cuppdsgn@aol.com Website: www.cuppdesign.com Mr. Matthew A. Cutulle Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 Email: mcutulle@utk.edu
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Mr. Pat S. Jones President Flagstick LLC Rocky River, OH 440-333-0673 Email: psjhawk@cox.net Dr. William E. Klingeman III Associate Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: wklingem@utk.edu
Mr. Ed Gumucio Hablemos Smyrna TN 615-223-1255 Email: ablemos@ablemos.com
Mr. James D. McCurdy Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 Email: jmccurd1@utk.edu
Dr. James Michael (Mike) Goatley Jr. Associate Professor, Ext. Turfgrass Specialist Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 540-231-2951 Email: goatley@vt.edu
Dr. J. Scott McElroy Assistant Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: mcelroy@utk.edu
Dr. Frank A. Hale Professor, Entomology and Plant Pathology The University of Tennessee Nashville, TN 615-832-6802 Email: fahale@utk.edu Dr. Charles R. Hall Professor, Agriculture Economics The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7410 Email: crhall@utk.edu Dr. Wayne H. Hanna University of Georgia Tifton, GA 229-386-3184 Email: whanna@tifton.uga.edu Mr. Chris Hartwiger Senior Agronomist, Southeast Region USGA Green Section Birmingham, AL 205-444-5079 Email: chartwiger@usga.org Dr. Brandon J. Horvath Assistant Professor, Hampton Roads AREC Virginia Tech Virginia Beach, VA 757-363-3884 Email: bhorvath@vt.edu Mr. Larry Houser Owner Woods Edge Greenhouse and Nursery Zionsville, IN 317-733-0693 Email: lho2436619@aol.com
Mr. Stephen F. Mona, CAE Chief Executive Officer Golf Course Superintendents Association of America Lawrence, KS 800-472-7878 Dr. Gregg C. Munshaw Assistant Professor Mississippi State University Starkville, MS 662-325-8280 Email: gcm59@msstate.edu Mr. Vince Nolletti Vice President Irrigation and Landscape Lighting Operations Paige Electric Co., LP Fresno, CA 559-431-2346 Email: vnolletti@paigeelectric.com Website: www.paigewire.com Mr. John M. Parham Research Associate II The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 Email: jparha.m.2@utk.edu
AKE T O M T H E E R U AT BE S TIONS A V R E ES
KLIN FRAN IOTT M A R RP R I N G S
COOL
S
Ms. Lynn Rushing Lexington, KY 859-278-7663 Email: lynn@pondlady.com Dr. Tom Samples Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-4561 865-974-2595 Email: tsamples@utk.edu Mr. Scott Severance Fox Den Country Club Knoxville, TN 865-966-2531 Dr. Dennis Shepard Syngenta Professional Products Franklin, TN 615-790-3281 Email: dennis.shepard@syngenta.com Dr. John C. Sorochan Assistant Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: sorochan@utk.edu Mr. Adam Thoms Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: athoms@utk.edu Mr. Rodney V. Tocco Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: rtocco@utk.edu Dr. Alan S. Windham Professor The University of Tennessee Nashville, TN 615-832-6802 Email: awindha1@utk.edu
Dr. James A. Reinert Professor of Entomology Texas A&M Dallas, TX 972-231-5362 Email: j-reinert@ta.m.u.edu
Mr. Joey Woodard Program Director Tennessee Stream Mitigation Program Nashville, TN 615-831-9311, ext. 111 Email: joey.woodard@tsmp.us Website: www.tsmp.us
Dr. Michael D. Richardson Associate Professor University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR 479-575-2860 Email: mricha@uark.edu
Dr. Janice M. Zale Assistant Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 Email: jzale@utk.edu
41ST Annual Tennessee Turfgrass Association C o n f e r e nc e an d t r a d e s h o w
Please complete, sign and return this form with your payment.
Please list all information as you would like it to appear in the 2007 TTA Annual Directory.
address:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ city/state/zip:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ telephone:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ fax:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ email:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PRIMARY FUNCTION COMMERCIAL VENDOR TURF MANAGER q Commercial Lawn Care q Equipment Dealer q Golf Course q Retail Center q Distributor q Parks & Recreation q Landscaping q Manufacturer q Sports Field q Irrigation Contractor q Other_______________ q Hotel/Resort q DOT q Hospital/Health Care q Other_______________ q School/University q Cemetery q Other_______________
Please list the first and last names of the persons attending the 2007 Conference & Trade Show. Attach separate list if needed. 1 2 3
4
5
6
PLEASE CHECK THE BOX FOR ADDITIONAL ASSOCIATION AFFILIATIONS:
q PGMS
q TNLA
q TVSTMA
q TGCSA
q Other _____________
7 8
REGISTRATION OPTIONS 1 Primary Member Registration
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
$ 175.00
$
Price includes 2007 Membership Dues
Associate Member Registration
TOTAL
$ 120.00 $
Registrants from the same facility are eligible for Associate Membership if the facility has two primary members.
Student Member Registration
$ 60.00
One Day Pass (Limit 1)
$ 75.00
One Day Student Pass (Limit 1)
$ 10.00
Awards Breakfast Ticket
$ 25.00
Endowment Fund Contribution q Research q Scholarship
q
$ $
REGISTRATION FORM
company name:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
$ $
Extension
$
Please make checks payable to:
Tennessee Turfgrass Association • 400 Franklin Road • Franklin, TN 37069
GRAND TOTAL
$
(No Credit Cards)
TTA Office Use Only
Date______________
Check No. ______________
Cash ______________
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CONTRACT FOR EXHIBIT SPACE 16
41st Annual Tennessee Turfgrass Association C o n f e r e nc e an d t r a d e s h o w
Please complete, sign and return this form with your payment.
BOOTHS
BOOTHS 100 – 823
SIZE UNIT PRICE QUANTITY TOTAL 80 SQ FT
$495
(Max limit of 4)
ADDITIONAL MEMBERSHIP TO TTA: (1 included with 10’ x 8’ booth rental.
$50
Attend the TTA Breakfast & Business Meeting!
$25/person
Tues., Jan. 16, 2007, 6:45 a.m.-8 a.m.
Please make checks payable to : Tennessee Turfgrass Association 400 Franklin Road Franklin, TN 37069 (No Credit Cards)
TOTAL
FIRST CHOICE
SECOND CHOICE
THIRD CHOICE
BOOTH PREFERENCE All reservations are made on a first-paid, first-reserved basis only. Please note the cancellation policy as outlined in the section of the brochure entitled “Rules & Regulations.” If electricity is required, please contact Jim Uden at (615) 591-8286 for Marriott form and further information. Purchased luncheon tickets will be included in vendor packet upon registration and setup. Please print or type the following: Name:
(Person responsible for the booth)
MEMBER Name:
(To be included in Directory)
Signature: Firm:
(As your ID sign should read)
Mailing Address: City:
State: Zip:
Telephone:
Fax:
EMAIL: **ADDITIONAL NAMES FOR BADGES:
(**If more space is needed, please attach a complete list)
**ADDITIONAL MEMBERSHIPS:
(**If more space is needed, please attach a complete list)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTS/SERVICES YOU SELL OR PROVIDE:
RULES & REGULATIONS Opening and Closing: The exhibit officially opens at 2:15 p.m., Monday, January 15, 2007, and will close at 12:00 p.m., Tuesday, January 16, 2007. Exhibit Set-up and Breakdown: General booth set-up will be from 9:00 a.m., Monday, January 15, 2007, until 2:00 p.m. All exhibits must be dismantled by 5:00 p.m., Tuesday, January 16, 2007.
Insurance and Fire Protection: The Tennessee Turfgrass Association will exercise all reasonable care for the protection of exhibitor’s material and displays. An official of the trade show committee will be on duty in the exhibit area during set-up and breakdown periods. The exhibit area will be secured during non-exhibit hours.
Contract for Space: The application for space and the formal notice of assignment constitutes a contract for the right to use the space so allotted. In the event of fire, strikes, or other uncontrollable circumstances, the contract will not be binding. The Tennessee Turfgrass Association reserves the right to cancel any contract with any exhibitor any time prior to or during the conference.
Liability: The exhibitor agrees to make no claim against the Tennessee Turfgrass Association nor its members or employees for loss, theft, damage or destruction of goods, nor any injury to himself/herself, or employees prior, during or subsequent to the period covered by the exhibit contract, nor for any damage whatsoever, including the damage to his business by reason of failure to provide space for the exhibit, nor for failure to hold the Conference as scheduled. The exhibitor, upon signing the contract for exhibit space, expressly releases the foregoing named conference and individuals from any and all claims for such loss, damage or injury.
Use of Space: All demonstrations, interviews, distributions of advertising material or other activities must be confined to the limits of the exhibit booths. No exhibitor shall assign, sublet or share the whole or part of the space allotted without the knowledge and approval of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association.
Cancellation: In the event an exhibitor must cancel, and cannot exhibit, the following will apply. A. If the reserved booth or island can be contracted, a 100% refund will be granted. B. If the reserved booth or island can not be contracted, a 50% refund will be granted.
Booths: There will be sixty five (59) 10’ x 8’ booths available. Each will be piped and draped. Each will have a 6’ skirted table, 2 chairs, wastebasket and one I.D. sign.
floor plan
Please indicate preferences on Exhibit Space contract
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COVER STORY
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TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
Email TTA at: tnturfgrassassn@aol.com
CONTINUED
By John Sorochan, Ph.D., Scott McElroy, Ph.D., and Tom Samples, Ph.D., Dept. Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee
T
urfgrass is a biological system, subject to weather stresses and pest challenges, so you must always be prepared that the loss of a turfgrass stand is just around the corner. Knowing the necessary steps to establish and renovate turf can save you time and money as you bring a site back to life. Poor soil conditions, pest damage, excessive thatch and improper management are four factors contributing to poor turfgrass stands. Even so, in many cases, properly implementing the five primary cultural practices — mowing, fertility, pest management, cultivation and irrigation — is not enough to sustain or regenerate turfgrass. Therefore, re-establishment or renovation of turf is eventually necessary. The location and function of a turf area are also important. A turf stand that is adequate for a home lawn typically won’t hold up to the rigorous demands of an athletic field or golf course. Therefore, decisions to re-establish or renovate turf will not be the same. For instance, a soil-layering problem that contributes to shallow rooting typically leads to signs of turfgrass stress and decline during hot, dry periods. On an athletic field, addressing such a problem is vital because traffic causes compaction and a shallow turfgrass-root system. Turfgrass growing under these conditions becomes stressed, and the condition is compounded as game traffic continues. However, on a home lawn, the turf’s stressed condition is evident only during hot and dry periods, which may be for only a couple of weeks in summer. Thus, the need to renovate or re-establish the home lawn is not as critical. TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION
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COVER STORY 5. Basic fertilizing 6. Amending and modifying the soil 7. Performing finish grading 8. Applying starter fertilizer 9. Planting 10. Mulching when seeding Depending on the condition of the turf, one or all of these steps may be necessary, but the order is critical for success.
1. Soil sampling and testing Soil sampling is necessary to assess the site’s requirements for lime and fertilizer. Most basic soil-test reports indicate pH, phosphorous and potassium contents. In areas where soil compaction is a significant problem, you should also request a separate soil-particle-size analysis. If you modify the topsoil in any way during establishment, test a second soil sample to ensure you’ve modified it properly. Soil sampling especially benefits home lawns because, quite often, the soil around a home’s foundation is actually subsoil from the hole dug for the basement. Typically, subsoil has a finer texture and is poorer quality than is necessary for a strong, healthy turf. How do you assess an unacceptable turfgrass stand to determine whether to re-establish or renovate? For a home lawn, at least, the typical rule of thumb is to re-establish a lawn if more than 50 percent of the area is comprised of weeds or has poor turf. If turf covers more than 50 percent of the lawn, then you renovate, instead. It is sometimes difficult to totally separate re-establishment from renovation because the two tasks involve the same processes. For the purpose of this article, we’ll define re-establishment as the complete removal of existing turfgrass, followed by the establishment of a new stand by seeding, sodding, sprigging or plugging. Renovation means simply replanting new turfgrass into the existing turfgrass stand. Many re-establishment projects begin as simple renovations. However, as the job unfolds, learning the cause of the troubles may lead to the need for a major overhaul. Always, you must correct the cause of the poor turf stand before you repair the areas, or you’ll be doomed to repeat the process.
When re-establishing a site You can effectively manage turf with proper planning and site preparation during re-establishment. Whether you seed, sod, sprig or plug, you should follow ten steps to establish a new turfgrass area: 1. Soil sampling and testing 2. Controlling persistent weeds 3. Rough grading 4. Liming 20
TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
2. Controlling persistent weeds The presence of perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds will present future problems if you don’t attend to them before establishment. Fumigants (methyl bromide), soil sterilants (dazomet) and non-selective herbicides (glyphosate and glufosinate) are the most effective means of pre-planting weed control. They also are the only means of controlling perennial grassy weeds in your turf. Identifying weeds as annual or perennial will aid you in deciding how to control them. Their identification is also critical in determining whether to renovate or totally re-establish a site.
3. Rough grading Rough grading consists of removing debris, grading the site’s general slope and adding any necessary topsoil. In many instances of re-establishment, you don’t need to rough grade because the builder did it during construction and initial turf establishment. However, the builder may have also buried materials such as large rocks, wood or stumps just under the site’s surface. These objects can eventually make their way back to the soil’s surface and cause problems. You’ll therefore have to remove them if they have presented a problem in the past. In situations where drainage is the cause for a poor turf area, you’ll need to establish a slope to add surface drainage. Since a one-percent crown on athletic fields is often enough slope for surface drainage, this is a good minimum to keep in mind
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COVER STORY
for home lawns as well. The slope away from buildings should never exceed 25 percent because it is difficult to maintain and irrigate steeper slopes. In any case, it is important to ensure that the slope is continuous and that no areas are present where standing water can collect.
4. Liming Proper soil pH is essential for nutrient availability to turfgrass. Liming is necessary only when soil tests indicate that your soil is acidic (with a pH below 6.0). In this case, you’ll need to bring it to the proper pH level (6.0 to 7.0). If you need to lime the site, be sure to apply it a minimum of three weeks before you apply starter fertilizer so that the lime does not inhibit the effectiveness of fertilizer nutrients intended for the germination process. Apply lime according to recommendations from your soil-test report.
7. Performing finish grading
5. Basic fertilizing Phosphate (P) and potash (K) are termed “basic fertilizer nutrients.” You should apply them in accordance with soil-test recommendations (according to Step 1). Till in the basic fertilizer to a depth of 4” to 6”. Because these basic nutrients do not readily move through soil when applied to established turf, it’s important to incorporate them into topsoil before seeding.
6. Amending and modifying the soil You can improve soil that has low organic matter or poor soil texture (which can lead to poor water infiltration, water 22
TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
retention or compaction) by amending or modifying it. Amending and modifying soil is an easier step than substituting new soil, which is a major task. Many turf managers use reed sedge and sphagnum peat mosses as soil amendments. If you decide to add sand to improve soil texture in a poorly drained area, you must add more than 60 percent of a properly selected sand before infiltration will improve. Adding any amount less than 60 percent (of the total soil composition) is typically ineffective. In addition, if you select the wrong size or type of sand particle, you can worsen the situation. Finally, you must thoroughly mix the sand into the soil to avoid layering. Because soil modification is a difficult process, you may want to hire a soil consultant to determine if soil modification is warranted and the appropriate solution to your soil problem.
The finish grade is the final preparation step for the seedbed or planting surface. Smooth the surface with a yard rake, and lightly roll the area to smooth any depressions. You may need to perform repeated raking, leveling and settling (using water) to avoid depressions that allow water to pond. This step is the cheapest way to ensure that water drains away from buildings or other undesirable areas.
8. Adding starter fertilizer Think of starter fertilizer as a nutrient source for the turf to
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CONTINUED use immediately after germination. You can combine this step with finish grading if your turf area is large. A starter fertilizer should consist of a 1:2:1 ratio of N-P-K. The high P aids in seedling establishment or root promotion of harvested sod. Base the rate on pounds of N per 1,000 square feet, and apply it at 0.5 to 1 pound N per 1,000 square feet.
9. Planting Before you decide whether to seed, sprig, plug or sod in an area, you must select the proper turf species. The species must be adapted to the area, or else it won’t thrive. It is also critical that you purchase high-quality seed that is free of weed seed. Consult with your county or state extension offices to find out the best varieties for your area. When establishing turfgrass by seed, the method and timing of seed application are as important as appropriate seed selection. You should plant turfgrass seed when growing conditions are most favorable for the desired species. For example, establish cool-season species in late summer or early fall, and establish warm-season species in late spring or early summer. To ensure a uniform coverage, apply the seed in two directions. After seeding, lightly rake the soil surface with a leaf rake and then roll the establishment site, to ensure seed-to-soil contact. For cool-season turfgrass seeding, apply Quinclorac herbicide at 1 lb./a before or 28 days after the emergence of tall fescue or Kentucky bluegrass, for annual grass-weed control. Sodding is a more rapid method of establishment than seeding, but it is also more expensive (usually by about 50 percent). Select sod that is free of weeds and weedy grasses (such as crabgrass, dallisgrass and non-desirable turfgrasses) and that contains the species and cultivar(s) recommended for your location. It is important to select sod that has been grown on a soil type that matches the site where you will lay it, particularly if your site will experience traffic. Washed sod or soil-less sod grown on plastic is an alternative sodding method that prevents potential soil-layering problems. It is even more expensive, however, than conventional sod — about two to five times greater in cost. You can lay sod nearly any time of year if the soil is dry enough to allow preparation and if environmental conditions are favorable (offering adequate
light, temperature and water). Sprigging is the process where the stolons and rhizomes of warm-season grasses are harvested and used to grow-in turfgrasses such as bermudagrass. Sprigging is cheaper than sodding and is done for species where seed is not viable. Plugging is space-planting whole plugs of warm-season turfgrasses (such as bermudagrass, zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass) and allowing them to fill in over time.
Crossroads Sod Farm, LLC Bermudas, Turf-Type Tall Fescues, and Zoysia Howard Pickett, Manager
166 Lester Limbaugh Lane • Belvedere, TN 37306 Cell: 931-703-9758 • Phone: 931-962-3481 Fax: 931-967-7865 member
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COVER STORY Bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass plugs can be planted 12” to 18” apart, and zoysiagrass plugs can be planted 6” to 12” apart. Plugs are cheaper than sod, but the planting process is much more time-consuming and, therefore, may cost more if you are contracting the work. When sprigging or plugging, it is best to apply a pre-emergent herbicide (such as oxadiazon) to reduce crabgrass and goosegrass competition.
10. Mulching when seeding If you seed your site, then mulching is the final step to ensure uniform germination and establishment. Mulching helps control erosion and seed movement, and it helps retain moisture. Avoid mulching with materials (such as sawdust) that compete with seedlings for nutrients. Paper mulches and straw are good choices, but straw needs to be weed-free. The critical follow-up step, of course, is irrigation, regardless of whether you sod or seed the site. Make sure that the soil remains moist until a new root system develops. Basically, this means irrigating about 1/4” per
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day for the first week after installation. After a sufficient root system develops, reduce irrigation frequency and irrigate to a depth of 4” to 6” every 5 to 10 days.
When renovation is the proper technique… How do you decide whether to renovate a turf area or re-establish it? To answer this, you must determine the severity of the problem that is causing turf decline. In many instances, it is not necessary to completely re-establish a poor turf area. Therefore, renovating the area is more cost-effective and less time-consuming. Nevertheless, when renovating a turf area, just as with re-establishment, you must determine and correct the cause of poor turf before you replant. You’ll know to renovate when you can’t improve turf performance through one or all of the five primary cultural practices — mowing, fertilizing, managing pests, irrigating and cultivating. Too much or too little of any of them may have caused the poor turf stand simply by making it more susceptible to disease, insect damage or weed encroachment. For instance, mowing too short causes stressed turf, which in
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CONTINUED turn makes it more susceptible to pest damage and turf decline. After you’ve identified the cause(s) of turf problems, you’ll need to prepare the site before replanting. You must eliminate undesirable weeds and insects to achieve and maintain a desirable turf stand. Cultivation (aerifying) is another practice that can alleviate many problems associated with poor turf, sometimes allowing you to renovate rather than totally re-establish a site. For example, core-aerating or spiking can improve soil-layering problems. Verticutting, core-aerating and slicing also help modify thatch layers that cause poor turf. You’ll also want to scalp the turf by setting your mower low, then either verticut, slice or spike the turf to set the stage for good seed-to-soil contact when you seed. If you verticut, be sure to rake up any debris before seeding. Take soil tests to determine if any nutrient deficiencies exist or if your site needs liming. Finally, apply a starter fertilizer before seeding. To replant, spread the seed with a drop or broadcast spreader, and then go over the area with a drag mat, brush or rake to achieve proper seed-to-soil contact. Slit-seeding is another effective method for replanting because it ensures good seed-to-soil contact. Again, which-ever method you use, you should seed in two directions to ensure uniform coverage. As mentioned previously in the re-establishment sections, irrigation is the final key to ensuring healthy turf success. Follow the steps described above for renovation, just as for re-establishment. We can’t overemphasize the importance of implementing the five primary cultural practices. Properly performing each provides the most favorable growing conditions for desired turfgrass species to help your site achieve and maintain a healthy turf stand. T
HERBICIDES COMMONLY USED IN RENOVATING TURF COMMON NAME Dazomet
TRADE NAMES 1 (PRODUCERS) Basamid (Certis)
Glufosinate-ammonium
Finale (Bayer Environmental Science)
Glyphosate
NS-220 (Check-Mark) H Hoedown (Chemsearch) Quick Claim (Certified Labs) Trailblazer (Mantek) Roundup ProDry, Roundup Pro (Monsanto)
Methybromide
rom-O-Gas, Terr-O-Gas (Great Lakes) B MB 98, MBC (Hendrix and Dail)
Siduron
rabgrass Control 4.6% Tupersan (Lebanon) C Crabgrass Preventer and Weed Killer (Bonide) Super Tupersan (Rockland) Tupersan WP (PBI/Gordon)
1 No endorsement of named products by the author or publisher is intended, nor criticism implied, for products that are not mentioned.
TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION
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TURF TALK
By Daniel C. Bowman, Ph.D., and Thomas W. Rufty Jr., Ph.D., Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University
28
Update on Water-Quality Issues for Golf Courses
TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
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CONTINUED
Of
the 16 essential nutrients needed by turfgrasses, nitrogen (N) is required in the greatest quantity, promoting visual quality, damage recovery and vigor. Because most soils supply insufficient amounts of N to support quality turf, nitrogen-containing fertilizers must be applied throughout the growing season. Soil N is continually changing form, from organic N to ammonium, then on to nitrate and possibly back to organic N. It can also exit the turfgrass system as a gas or in clippings, and through runoff and leaching. Of these, nitrate leaching is usually considered as the greatest environmental threat. Most research conducted over the last three decades describes a fairly low potential for nitrate leaching from properly managed turf. There are, of course, always exceptions, such as when bermudagrass is fertilized during the winter or when excessive irrigation is applied. One of the shortcomings with much of the scientific research, however, is that most has been conducted on relative small plots of carefully managed turf. This may not adequately reflect the real world, where soil processes (such as nitrate leaching) occur on a much larger scale. Ecological studies at this larger, “landscape” scale are more difficult, more expensive and often more timeconsuming, which is why only a handful of such projects have been conducted on turfgrass systems (and mostly on cool-season turf). Because of continuing concern about nitrate leaching, and to fill in the gap for warm-season turf, we undertook a multi-year, landscape-scale study to evaluate nitrate dynamics on two golf courses located in the coastal plain of North Carolina. We designed this study to answer several questions regarding nitrate concentrations and movement under bermudagrass: • Are soil and groundwater nitrate concentrations dependent on location (comparing fairway, rough and unfertilized out-of-play areas)? • Do nitrate concentrations vary by season? • Is there evidence that nitrate moves towards, and ultimately contaminates, adjacent surface waters? • Do normal golf-course fertilizer practices represent a threat to surface waters and groundwater?
Figure 1: Layout of the lysimeters and wells.
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TURF TALK Our research
On both golf courses in our recent research, several holes were chosen for study, each adjacent to a stream (or pond). Surface contours sloped towards the water, suggesting that the shallow water table under each fairway flowed to and drained into the stream. Two types of sampling devices were installed at intervals across each golf hole so that the fairway, the rough on each side of the fairway and out-of-play areas (buffers) adjacent to the rough were included (see Figure 1). The first device, called a lysimeter, extracts the soil solution directly from the rootzone. We could then measure the nitrate concentration that the roots are “seeing,” and we could follow changes with soil depth and over time. The second device is a shallow well, from which we obtained samples of the groundwater for analysis. As it turned out, the groundwater under the fairways was in direct contact with, and fed into, the streams. Thus, the nitrate in the groundwater was very important since it also was feeding into the stream. If there were high nitrate levels in the groundwater, this could ultimately cause contamination of the stream. Conversely, if the levels were low, it would indicate that the golf course posed little threat to
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TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
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CONTINUED the stream. We also sampled the streams at two locations, the first just before the streams entered the golf course and the second just as they left the golf course. Samples were taken numerous times during the seasons and analyzed for nitrate. We were interested in comparing the two locations, since higher concentrations at the outflow would indicate nitrate contamination originating from the golf course. On the other hand, if the two locations had similar nitrate levels, it would mean the golf course was not damaging the water quality in the stream.
Figure 2: Nitrate concentrations as ppm N. values are averages of all samples taken over the two-year study.
Our results
The results from our study are encouraging. We found consistent patterns for nitrate within the rootzone at both golf courses, with higher concentrations in the fairway and rough and very low concentrations in the unfertilized non-play areas. This is important, as it indicates that the strategy of maintaining a buffer next to the streams reduces nitrate loading at a very sensitive location in the ecosystem. Although the average levels in the fairway and rough were higher than in the buffers, they are still fairly low compared to most agricultural cropping systems. Over the seasons, we also observed
… the strategy of maintaining a buffer next to the streams reduces nitrate loading at a very sensitive location in the ecosystem.
DIXIE TURF & TREE Serving East Tennessee and Surrounding Area
Locally Grown Sod Fescue Bermudas Zoysia Heat Tolerant Bluegrass Pick Up & Delivery Slab or Big Roll Sod Sprigs Also Available
some interesting patterns that suggest that winter overseeding helps to reduce nitrate concentrations, even though more fertilizer is used on overseeded turf. Perennial ryegrass is known to be extremely efficient at scavenging soil N, so our findings aren’t
1945 General Carl W. Stiner Hwy. • LaFollette, TN 37766 Phone: 423–562–1643 • Fax: 423–562–1069
1–800–633–8873
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TURF TALK
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Figure 3: Nitrate concentrations at the inflow and outflow points of a stream running through the Cape Fear golf course. 1.2
1 Nitrate Concentration, ppm N
too surprising. And it seems somewhat ironic that overseeding, an often unpopular chore, might actually have some environmental benefit. Data from the shallow wells reflected the nitrate profile found in the rootzone, with higher concentrations under the fairway and low (often very low) concentrations in the lower non-play area. Again, this indicates that the non-play area was working effectively as a buffer to keep nitrates from entering the surface water. Most ecologists define buffers as consisting of deeply rooted native trees and shrubs. Our research indicates that other plants, such as turfgrasses, may function equally well, at least under golf course conditions. Nitrate concentrations in the streams running through the golf courses were measured at the inflow and outflow points (see Figure 3). For almost every sampling date, outflow concentrations were equal to or, more often, less than the inflow concentrations. This suggests that the shallow groundwater seeping into the stream was cleaner than the stream inflow and that it was diluting the nitrate already present. The results support the findings from the lysimeters and wells, namely that the golf course was not a significant contributor of nitrates to the surface water. These data present a comprehensive picture of nitrate dynamics on golf courses planted in bermudagrass. They indicate complexity within the turfgrass system at both a spatial and temporal level, but also document that a properly managed turf is an excellent filter for removing nitrate from the soil and keeping it out of streams. Further, bermudagrass appears to be a reasonable plant system for riparian buffers, especially where trees and shrubs are functionally incompatible. T
Stream In Stream Out 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2/9/1999 5/20/1999 8/28/1999 12/6/1999 3/15/2000 6/23/2000 10/1/2000 1/9/2001
TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
Date
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TURF TIPS
CONTINUED By Shawn D. Askew, Ph.D., Assistant Professor and Extension Turfgrass Weed Scientist, and John Willis, Research Associate, Virginia Tech
Number of Plots with 70% or Greater Perennial Ryegrass Control as Affected by Average Air Temperature for 5 days Before and After Treatment
Revolver 100
Percentage of >70% control
M
onument™ (trifloxysulfuron-sodium) and Revolver™ (foramsulfuron) are two of the most common sulfonylurea herbicides used for controlling over-seeded perennial ryegrass in bermudagrass golf and sports turf. Turfgrass managers have frequently complained, however, about sulfonylurea herbicides performing below expectations. In a transition-zone climate, temperatures can fluctuate widely during the time of year that these herbicides are used. Although cold temperatures have been suspected as a reason for decreased control of cool-season grasses, little is known about the severity or duration of performance-inhibiting cold temperatures. To characterize this cold-temperature phenomenon, we initiated research in February 2006 (in Blacksburg, Virginia).
Monument
80 60 40 20 0 <65 F
> 65 F
Avg. 10-day temperature at treatment
Non-overseeded perennial ryegrass research areas (one cut at 0.5” and another cut at 2.5”) were selected to receive treatments of Revolver or Monument at weekly intervals from late February to mid-July. Revolver was applied at 17.4 fl. oz./A and Monument was applied at 0.33 oz./A in 30 gallons per acre. Non-overseeded perennial ryegrass was used to remove the variable of bermudagrass competition, which would not be consistent through the duration of the trial. Weather data was collected using Watchdog (Model 800) weather stations located at each site.
Monument. Perennial ryegrass control nine weeks after treatment with Monument was not correlated to temperature and tended to be inconsistent at both high and low temperatures. Revolver tended to control perennial ryegrass consistently when the average temperature for five days before and after treatment was 65° F or higher. Despite some inconsistencies, Monument controlled at least 70% of perennial ryegrass 65% of the time when temperatures were below 65° F and 67% of the time when temperatures were above 65° F. In contrast, Revolver™ controlled perennial ryegrass equivalently only 10% of the time at temperatures below 65° F and 88% of the time when temperatures were above 65° F. In short, Monument is more effective than Revolver when average temperature is below 65° F.
Temperature effects on herbicide efficacy
Temperature may not be your problem
Research methods
Cold temperatures negatively impacted Revolver more than
Research Results at a Glance • When using Revolver, the minimum average daily temperature should be 65° F or higher. • Monument is less affected by cold than Revolver. • Monument was less consistent (plot to plot variability) than Revolver.
Several things may cause poor herbicide performance. Let’s examine a few other reasons sulfonylurea herbicides like Monument and Revolver may perform poorly: • The target weed was stressed due to heat, drought, disease, etc. As a rule, you want the target weed to be as happy as possible when you apply an herbicide. Any stressful condition, such as extremely cold temperatures, will reduce the effectiveness of the herbicide. • Rain fell soon after treatment, or turf was mown soon after treatment. Both Revolver and Monument depend on foliar absorption to maximize effectiveness. Post-treatment mowing or rainfall can limit translocation of the herbicide throughout the plant and reduce control. • Errors were made in mixing and calibration. Even under the best environmental conditions, an application of the wrong
TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION
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CONTINUED Perennial Ryegrass Control with Revolver™ and Monument™ as Affected by Average Air Temperature for 5 days Before and After Treatment Revolver™ (R2 = 0.60)
Monument™ (R2 = 0.02)
100
Perennial ryegrass control (%)
rate will be less effective. Among the more common mixing errors are worn, clogged or inconsistent spray nozzles. If the agitation system in your sprayer is not operating efficiently, or is not given enough time to dissolve or mix the herbicide, perennial ryegrass control will be poor early in the spray event and will improve dramatically as most of the herbicide is dispensed later, when it is fully mixed in the spray solution. • Water quality was poor (hard water, or pH was 2 units above or below 7). Most spray solutions contain water as the carrier. Sulfonylurea herbicides tend to react with water and will become deactivated over time. If your water has a pH of near 7, the herbicide can remain mixed in the tank for a day or more without major problems. If your water pH is near 4 or 9, half of your herbicide may be gone in just four hours. • The weeds were large, and/or the bermudagrass was not competitive. Bear in mind that healthy bermudagrass plays an important role in perennial ryegrass control. Areas such as the center of athletic fields typically have thin bermudagrass and large perennial ryegrass. These sites will need higher rates or sequential treatments for
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 30
40
50
60
70
80
Avg. 10-day temperature at treatment
Perennial ryegrass was treated weekly for 21 weeks at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg to examine the impact of environmental conditions on the effectiveness of sulfonylurea herbicides. Unlike Revolver, Monument was not influenced by temperature. Monument controlled perennial ryegrass acceptably in 65% to 67% of plots, regardless of temperature. Revolver controlled perennial ryegrass in only 10% of the plots when temperatures were below 65° F. Notice how well Revolver worked at higher temperatures.
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TURF TIPS complete control due to the lack of bermudagrass competition and the size of perennial ryegrass. • An adjuvant was not used. Our data suggest that temperature has major influence on the activity of Revolver and minimal influence on the effectiveness of Monument. Please note that these experiments were conducted on pure perennial ryegrass. Bermudagrass competition plays an important role in the ultimate death of perennial ryegrass. Our studies represent a worst-case scenario for perennial ryegrass control. It appears that temperatures above 65° F are needed for the best herbicide effectiveness. Only a fragment of our data was used in this article. As we continue to analyze, we may be able to fine-tune the specific temperature or other environmental responses associated with decreased perennial ryegrass control. T
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EYE ON BUSINESS The Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program… Good for Golf, Good for the Environment By Chris Hartwiger and Patrick O’Brien, USGA Green Section, Southeast Region
In
June 2006, Hoover Country Club in Birmingham, Alabama, became the first golf course in the state of Alabama to become fully certified in the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program (ACSP) for golf courses. Hoover Country Club’s golf course superintendent, Doug Trosper, led the efforts to achieve this historic accomplishment. In this article we will review how and why Mr. Trosper led the effort at Hoover Country Club to become fully certified and why following his lead will be good not only for your golf course, but also for your career as a golf course superintendent.
What is the ACSP?
The information contained in this section is quoted from the Audubon International website. Much more information on the program can be found at www.auduboninternational.org. The ACSP is an award-winning education and certification program that helps golf courses protect our environment and preserve the natural heritage of the game of golf. By helping people (1) enhance the valuable natural areas and wildlife habitats that golf courses provide, (2) improve efficiency and (3) minimize potentially harmful impacts of golf operations, the ACSP serves as vital resource for golf courses. The ACSP helps each golf-course 40
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CONTINUED member take stock of its environmental resources and any potential liabilities and then develop a plan that fits its unique setting, goals, staff, budget and timing. The program is easily tailored to a variety of different types of courses, including private clubs, public and municipal courses, PGA sites, nine-hole facilities, resort courses and golf residential communities. Audubon International provides information to help golf courses with: • Environmental Planning • Wildlife and Habitat Management • Chemical Use Reduction and Safety • Water Conservation • Water-Quality Management • Outreach and Education By implementing standard manage-ment practices in these six areas, a golf course is eligible for designation as a Certified Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary, improving its stature and reputation.
Getting started at Hoover Country Club
In the late 1990s, Doug was employed as an assistant superintendent at The Farm Golf Club in Dalton, Georgia, while they worked toward certification. One of Doug’s goals when he arrived at Hoover Country Club was to participate in the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program and to have the club reach full certification status. In 2005, Doug seriously began pursuing certification. One of his biggest hurdles was getting started, and Doug believes this is the barrier that keeps many golf courses from seeking certification. Once the process was underway, however, Doug realized that he could delegate many of the tasks. All he had to do was ask. Once Doug received certification in two or three of the categories, he saw that the end was in site, and he pushed through to reach his goal. In June 2006, Hoover Country Club received word that they had received full certification in the ACSP Program.
The Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program for Golf Courses… Saving you money and time! In spring 2001, Audubon conducted a survey of participants in their ACSP program. Here are just a few of the results. Since joining the program: • 75% of participants have reduced their pesticide costs. • 60% have reduced their water costs. • 92% are using pesticides with a lower toxicity level. • 82% have reduced their pesticide use on the property. • 80% have decreased the amount of managed turfgrass on the property. • 100% report that playing quality has either improved (46%) or remained the same (54%). • 97% report that golfer satisfaction has either improved (46%) or remained the same (51%). • 100% report that their own job satisfaction has either improved (70%) or remained the same (30%). Clearly, being a ACSP participant can help you reduce maintenance costs and labor, while making your golf course a more enjoyable place for your golfers, your staff and you!
EYE ON BUSINESS
Benefits realized
does not appear to be growing, anything clubs can do to garner favorable publicity has an economic value in terms of recruiting more members or golfers.
The certification process has been beneficial to both Doug and Hoover Country Club. Doug has reported that the fact-gathering process involved in the program provides him with more Good for golf, information at his fingertips when discussing golf course good for the environment management with governmental agencies and others outside the club. If he is ever questioned on water, fertilizer or pesticide The ACSP presents a win-win opportunity for the game of golf use, Doug is able to respond quickly and accurately. and the environment. Here are just a few of the many program There should be little doubt in anyone’s mind that the benefits (as frequently reported by participants): regulation of fertilizer, pesticide and water use is increasing. • Provides on-going technical information, support and We believe this trend will continue and that superintendents guidance for implementing environmental projects. who have led their course to achieve certification in the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program for Tennessee Golf Courses Lagging Behind in ACSP golf courses are in a stronger position in this environment. According to Joellen Zeh, fewer golf courses in Tennessee have participated in the Audubon For example, imagine you are a Cooperative Sanctuary Program than clubs in other parts of the country. For instance, only 9.6 superintendent interviewing for a percent of all courses in Tennessee — less than the national average of 12 percent — are job and one of the questions in the interview deals with managing the members of either the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program or the Audubon Signature golf course from an environmental Cooperative Sanctuary Program. Only 1.4 percent of Tennessee’s golf courses have achieved point of view. Who is going to be Certified Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary status (less than half the national average of 3 percent). in a stronger position to answer Much to their credit, however, the following Tennessee courses have been designated as a the question — a golf course Certified Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary: superintendent who has led a club to certification or one who has not? Another benefit to receiving full Hermitage Golf Course (Presidents Reserve), Old Hickory certification is the positive publicity Legacy Golf Course, Springfield that will be generated about the club. Paris Landing Golf Course, Buchanan Local newspapers and magazines are TPC at Southwind, Memphis constantly on the lookout for positive stories about the environment. This is free publicity for the club! In a time Kudos to these environmentally minded facilities! when the number of regular golfers 42
TENNESSEE TURFGRASS DECEMBER/JANUARY 2007
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Mayes Turf Machines. LLC • Results in financial savings on course maintenance. • Enhances the natural beauty of the golf course. • Reduces water use and the need for expensive chemical applications. • Promotes the course’s positive, pro-active environmental achievements. • Educates golf-course employees about habitat management, Best Management Practices and publicoutreach strategies designed especially for golf courses. • Connects superintendents and course personnel with local resource people and organizations that can support the golf course’s environmentalmanagement programs. • Improves job satisfaction.
Get involved in the program! Getting started in the program is easy. Visit the website — www.audubon international.org/programs/acss/golf. htm — and all the information is right there. Another option is to call Joellen Zeh at Audubon International at (518) 767-9051, extension 14. Participation in the program will benefit the environment, will leave your legacy at your golf course and enhance your career. T
PROFESSIONAL GRADE TURF MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT SALES & SPECIALIZED CONTRACT SERVICES
Phone: 270-306-9170 Email: MayesTurf@msn.com Visit our website for a full listing of equipment & services at:
www.MayesTurf.com
I N D E X O F ADVERTISE RS BWI Companies www.bwicompanies.com.................................. 7, 44 Commercial Discount Parts www.cdpparts.com...............................41 Covermaster, Inc. www.covermaster.com.......................................44 Crossroads Sod Farm ...................................................................23 Dixie Turf and Tree .......................................................................31 E & S Soil and Peat www.eandssoil.com.........................................26 Ewing Irrigation www.Ewing1.com........................... Inside Back Cover Garick/Hydroches/Arkalite Agro-Turf ..............................................10 Greenville Turf & Tractor www.JohnDeere.com.................................3 Harrell’s Custom Fertilizer www.harrells.com...................................36 Jackson Sand ..............................................................................23 K-Rain Manufacturing Corp. www.krain.com...................................43 Keeling Company www.keelingcompany.com..................................38 Kesmac Inc. www.kesmac.com................................................ 24-25 Mayes Turf Machines, LLC www.MayesTurfMachines.com..............43 Mid Tenn Turf www.midtennturf.com................................................9 Pennington Seed, Inc. www.penningtonseed.com............................39 Princeton Delivery systems, Inc. www.piggy-back.com..........................................Inside Front Cover Prosource One www.prosourceone.com..........................................30 Regal Chemical www.regalchem.com.............................................21 Short Mountain Silica . ....................................................................5 Smith Turf & Irrigation www.smithturf.com.........................Back Cover Southeastern Turf, LLC www.southeasternturf.com.........................26 Syngenta www.syngentaprofessionalproducts.com..........................45 Turf Mountain Sod www.turfmountain.com.....................................46 Turf Specialties, Inc. .....................................................................44 Turfgrass America www.turfgrassamerica.com..................................9 United Agriculture SVCS of America www.uas-cropmaster.com............................................................7 Winstead Turf Farms Inc. www.winsteadturf.com............................33
classified
McKamey Landscapes, L.L.C. Phone: (423) 236-4363 For Sale – $17,000 O.B.O. 1992 Izuzu NRR Diesel Lawn Spray Truck 130,000 Miles, Refurbished 2003, 3 Roll-up Doors, 200 Gallon (2)Lawn & (2)Tree/ Shrub Tanks with Pumps, & (2)Pony Tanks
CALENDAR OF EVENTS January 4-5, 2007
Mid-States Horticultural Expo Location: Kentucky Exposition Center, Louisville, KY
January 14–16, 2007
41st Annual TTA Conference & Trade Show Location: Marriott Cool Springs, Franklin, TN
January 17, 2007
GCSAA Seminar “Management Strategies for the Turfgrass System” Taught by Dr. Joe Vargas of Michigan State Location: Marriott Cool Springs, Franklin, TN
January 17–21, 2007
STMA Annual Conference & Exhibition (Sports Turf Managers Assn.) Location: San Antonio, TX
Jan. 31 – Feb. 3, 2007 ANLA Management Clinic (American Nursery & Landscape Assn.) Location: Galt House, Louisville, KY February 5-6, 2007
TNLA Winter Education Program (TN Nursery & Landscape Assn.) Location: Music Row Convention Center, Pigeon Forge, TN
February 5–9, 2007
TPI Midwinter Conference (Turfgrass Producers International) Location: Queensland, Australia
February 19-24, 2007 Golf Industry Show Location: Anaheim, CA July 23–26, 2007
TPI Summer Convention & Field Days Location: Madison, WI
Name the
Critical Component
Look closely. It’s not the fairway or greens mowers. Is it the irrigation system? Nope. The Sand Pro? Guess again. Give up? Look there on the Workman. It’s you, the golf course superintendent. At Smith Turf & Irrigation, we know that without your guidance, even the best equipment won’t perform crucial tasks at optimum performance levels. So we work hard to understand your goals and then deliver the products that will help ensure your success. And while there are many other essential elements to achieving great course conditions, they all require solid, dependable service and support. At STI, we do that better than anybody else. We’re with you every step of the way.
Office 1.800.575.4784 • Orders 1.800.585.4784 www.smithturf.com