PORTFOLIO LEE FANG
2015 - 2016 Selected Works
LEE FANG ARB/RIBA PART I +44 7851 957001 +65 9061 2066 lee.fang@zoho.com lee-fang.com Singaporean
EDUCATION
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
School of the Arts, Singapore International Baccalaureate Diploma 2008 - 2012
DP Architects Intern in Architecture February 2013 - March 2013
Architectural Association (AA) RIBA Part 1 AA Diploma, RIBA Part 2 Candidate 2014 -
OrkidStudio Volunteer for Swawou Project in Kenema May 2014
PERSONAL SKILLS Languages English Mandarin Chinese Technical Skills Rhino3D AutoCAD Adobe Photoshop Adobe Illustrator Adobe Indesign V-Ray (Render Plug-in) Maxwell (Render Suite) Google Sketchup Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel
Urban Redevelopment Authority Intern in Urban Design & Projects July 2015 - September 2015
AWARDS Urban Redevelopment Authority MND Edge Scholarship (Overseas-Architecture) Awarded 2013
CONTENTS 2015-2016
01.
INTRODUCTION
p.06 - 07
02.
URBAN & SITE ANALYSIS
p.08 - 13
03.
PRECEDENTS
p.14 - 17
04.
DESIGN PROPOSAL
p.18 - 29
05.
INTRODUCTION
p.30 - 31
06.
URBAN ANALYSIS
p.32 - 37
07.
SITE
p.38 - 41
08.
DESIGN PROPOSAL
p.42 - 51
SPATIAL WALLS
LIMA AND LA VICTORIA
FORM, PREVI, WALL-TYPE
HYPER-WALL
PARIS VOIDS
FILLING THE VOIDS
LA SAMARITAINE
GHOSTS OF SAMARITAINE
01.
INTRODUCTION SPATIAL WALLS
In the context of Latin America, large urban scale walls are treated as divisive structures. Whilst the conventional view is that they should be torn down, it can also be argued that they allow for the coexistence of urban dichotomies in the city. What if we were to treat walls not as linear divide by spatial inhabitation? How can infrastructure and inhabitation be used to negotiate spatiality?
Right: 1:250 Model Below: Test Models
02.
CONTEXT & SITE ANALYSIS LIMA AND LA VICTORIA
Lima is a divided city, after Alberto Fujimori, one of Peru’s past presidents, enacted neoliberal reforms in the city in the 1990s, Lima underwent dramatic urban glorification and tragedies. The epitome of the divide within the city is the wall of shame, a three-meter-tall concrete
Lima
17 DEC 2015
6 OCT 2015 “Este muro divide a San Juan de Miraflores de Las Casuarinas” The Wall that divides San Juan Miraflores from Las Casuarinas
22 DEC 2015
9 OCT 2015
“Niños brigadistas contra el muro de la vergüenza” Children against the wall of shame
Peru’s ten-foot high Wall Of Shame tIopped with razor wire which divides the rich and poor to stop the less welloff stealing from the wealthy
Above: Wall of Shame News Coverage
wall that divides Las Casuarina, one of the richest neighborhood in the city, from Vista Hermosa, an informal settlement. Ironically, residents of the informal slum pay much more for water to come in trucks than those living with tapped water at Las Casuarina.
In Peru water is a high price for Lima’s poor
SOCIO ECONOMIC LEVELS AND THE WALL PHENOMENA LIMA, PERU
SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEVELS
Middle High Villa MarÃa Del Triunfo District
Santiago de Surco District
on
-ec
sing
rea
c De
Miraflores District
San Juan Miraflores District
La Victoria District
io Soc
ic om
els
lev
Low
STREET VENDORS: VICTIMS OF THE NEOLIBERAL PARADOX Neoliberalism replaces the concept of “public good” with “individual responsibility”. As a result, the urban poor is forced to find solutions for their lack of economic opportunity, thus creating the informal sector. Despite being a result of neoliberalism, the same informal vendors face expulsion from neoliberalist policies that attacks the informal sector. The proposal seeks to become a refuge for this precariat class.
INFORMAL STREET VENDORS LIMA, PERU
NUMBER OF VENDORS
0-4
LA VICTORIA Number of Vendors: 1501-3000 Number of Police Operations: 23-44
0-300
5-12
30-800
13-22
801-1500
23-44
1501-3000
45-65
3001A-12500
NUMBER OF POLICE OPERATIONS
SPLIT URBAN REALITIES IN LA VICTORIA
Cerro San Cosme (Demolished La Parada in the foreground)
Gamarra Shopping Area
e2 Li n Me tro
SITE MAP 1:2500
Nicolas Ayllon
Site 28 De Julio
Parque del Migrante
Gamarra
Metro Line 1
03.
MIRADOR
PRECEDENTS
FORM, PREVI, WALL-TYPE
Below: Analysing Form
CENTRAAL BEHEER
LINKED HYBRID SCALE
SOLID - VOID
CIRCULATION
PUBLIC - PRIVATE
KUWAIT EMBASSY
CASE STUDY: PREVI LIMA, PERU JAMES STIRLING: THE ZAMORA FAMILY CASE STUDY
Case study house with similar typologies
0
1978 81 m2 Original House
Ground
Floor Original
Floor Plans, 1978
1
No date 91 m2 Shop
2 Ground Floor
1984 214 m2 Ground floor: Shop, office and services First floor: Family house
3
First Floor
1992 240 m2 Ground floor: Shop, office and nursery First floor: Family house Second floor: Services
Second Floor Floor Plan Changes, 2003
CASE STUDY: PEDREGULHO HOUSING COMPLEX AFFONSO REIDY, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL ARCHITECTURE AND TOPOGRAPHY
TOPOGRAPHICAL CONNECTION
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR
A bridge extends outwards from the building to provide a connection between the hill and the residential block.
The end of the bridge is met by an intermediate floor. The intermediate floor provides free space for its residents to appropriate and inhabit.
LIMITED PUBLIC/COMMUNAL FACILITIES
STANDARD HOUSING UNIT
Besides housing, there is little communal and pubic programes. Hence the building has very little contribution to the city’s fabric despite occupying a large footprint.
Apartments in the residential block are either single or double units and are all connected via a communal corridoor that allows for light and ventilation.
CASE STUDY: PARQUE NOVO SANTO AMARO V VIGLIECCA & ASSOCIADOS, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL ARCHITECTURE AS URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
INSERTION WITHIN THE CITY
HOUSING AS INTERFACE
Footbridges extend across the valley to shorten the previous circumnavigating route, thereby giving residents of the area greater geographical mobility.
The housing buildings compose the interface between the official street of the surroundings and the park internal area through access on both sides.
GREEN CENTRAL AXIS
LEISURE AND EDUCATIONAL EDGES
The green axis, a linear park, is designed as an animated axis that brings quality to the area and stimulate a sense of identity for its inhabitants.
Leisure and educational facilities placed on the axis’ edges work as attraction points to stimulate people to circulate, thereby ensuring the place security and entertainment.
04.
DESIGN PROPOSAL HYPER-WALL
Hyperwall is a manifestation of the socio-spatial and economic division in Lima. Instead of negating the existence of a division, the wall seeks to assert itself and at the same time, renegotiate urban dichotomies of the megacity. Through creating spatiality and through the provision of infrastructure, the Hyperwall seeks to articulate and connect the urban dichotomies of Lima and to negotiate a new intermediate reality within its walls.
1:500 Detail Model
IMPACT OF PROPOSAL ON SITE
Gamarra
M et
ro
Lin
e
1
28 De Julio
M
et
ro
Lin
e
2
1:1000 SITE MODEL
ACKNOWLEDGING THE DIVISION
HOUSING PLAN
BRIDGE PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
BRIDGE FLOOR: SEMI-FORMAL VENDING SPACE AND ACCESS TO PUBLIC PROGRAMME
COMMUNAL CORRIDOR: HOUSING FOR THE PRECARIAT CLASS
LONG SECTION
CROSS SECTION
BUILDING AS CIRCULATORY INFRASTRUCTURE
HYPERBUILDING AS OPPURTUNITY FOR ADDRESSING LIMA’S INFRASTRUCTURAL AND HOUSING SHORTAGE
1
3
2
Base and Core Construction
4
Frame and Basic Amenities Construction for Private Floors
Rental Housing Units Construction
Bridge and Public Infrastructure Construction
6
5
Gradual Occupation
Full Occupancy
POTENTIAL WALL EXPANSION ZONES
05.
INTRODUCTION PARIS VOIDS
In a city that wishes to remain horizontal and complete, the phenomena of urban voids create an unwelcomed tension in the city of Paris. A desire to protect “postcard” views and a rejection of unintended incoherencies often result in attempt to “cover” the void – in a way that mimics what was once there.
PARIS: A HORIZONTAL SKYLINE
SINGAPORE
06.
URBAN ANALYSIS FILLING THE VOIDS
Speculating on what would happen if we take the notion of urban voids to an extreme through carving view-cones for the city of monuments, the following studies examine the hypothetical ways in which these voids would be filled based on the various view management policies of major cities.
Local View Points
>1 connective points represented by n value
LEGEND
Park
n=4
Monument
Viewcone
Redefinition of Monument
n=2
n=7
HYPOTHETICAL INSERTIONS
pre-existing
inspired by view management of vancouver
inspired by view management of london
inspired by view management of singapore
MONUMENTALITY IN THE CITY SUMMARY
connections
relationship to surroundings
composition
MAP SHOWING HIERARCHY
sacré-cœur
lariboisière hospital
paroisse saint vincent de paul church of st. augustine notre dame la lorette
palais garnier
l’église de la madeleine
importance/ iconicity
RULE-BASED INSERTIONS
H=P+4
H=P+4
P = 10 m
Derivation of urban block
Consideration of street width
Selection of Parisian blocks that are obstructing local view cones.
Using the widths of the streets surrounding the identified urban block to determine the height (H) of the new block.
Applic re
1
2. Incline of
cation of urban egulations
1. H = P + 4
f roof at 2/1 and 1/1
Taking into account viewcone(s) Cutting of the new block to make way for the local view cones.
Reorganization of fabric Reorganisation of displaced buildings within new block in the form of an expanded street fabric.
07.
SITE
LA SAMARITAINE The protagonist of the proposal is the urban void of La Samaritaine, a famous French departmental store that is now vacated and torn down. By capitalizing on the uncertain future of the site – whereby the building permit of SANAA, the firm commissioned by LVMH for the departmental store, is revoked after the buildings were torn down, the project seeks to offset the liminal quality of the site through a temporal structure that will occupy the space for as long as it remains empty.
Hoarding at Place Vendome
La Samaritaine’s Void
Historical Axis
The Louvre Site
A CONTINUOUS METAMORPHOSIS
1870
1886 - 1904
1904
1905 - 1910
1922 - 1925
Ernest Cognacq and his wife Marie-Louise Jay opened their first shop in the corner of Pont Neuf. By 1883, magasin 1 consisted of several adjoining buildings that were acquired and converted by commerce.
Magasin 2 gradually spread through the surrounding buildings through continous acquistion. These buildings were then reconfigured by architects Henri Sauvage and Franz Jourdain.
Franz Jourdain designed a Master Plan in 1904 to oversee the redevelopment of the clusters of buildings. The dream was to one day have 2 “beautiful facades” facing the significant Quai du Louvre and Rue de Rivoli
Construction starts and the department store was ornamented with a pair of glass domes. Jourdain’s plans were completed in 1910.
Henri Sauvage’s Art Deco style was prefered over Jourdain and the facade facing Seine was replaced with Sauvage’s design.
1930
1932
1984 - 1987
1990
2005
The construction of magasin 3 begins.After the death of Ernest Cognacq in 1928.
La Samaritaine acquired buildings on the block facing Rue de Rivoli.
Heritage Restorations were carried out.
Magasin 2 declared as historical monument and given protection.
Closure of the department store over fire safety concerns.
2009
2014 - 2015
2015
2015
Alternative Futures
Call for architectural bids. SANAA was selected.
Court decision stopping work on Samaritaine was overturned first then subsequently reinstated. In between the stop start nature of the legal tussle, Magasin 4 was torn down. However, the court injunction remains effective and SANAA’s building permit has been withdrawn. The site now sits empty with an uncertain furture.
Empty site
Temporal structure inserted in present void
SANAA’s building permission reinstated and the contemporary facade built.
No building is built and the temporal structure remains.
? A new firm takes over the project/site and implements a new proposal.
PAST AND FUTURE PLANS OF SITE
rue b
aillet
SANAA [uncertain] Henri Sauvage Interior [1932] Before Samaritaine [1800s]
rue
de
rivo
li
0
2
5
10 m
08.
DESIGN PROPOSAL
GHOSTS OF LA SAMARITATINE
In a city of continuous change that always seek to portray a fixed instant in time, the proposal draws upon the rich history of La Samaritaine to perform the opposite: by revealing the multiple instances of time that no longer exist or have yet to exist. Through the uncovering of the 5 “ghosts” of Samaritaine, I sought to resurrect them in a new series of void spaces that will
re-solidify their place in history. Using my proposal as a primer that a city is not one fixed in time – despite Paris’ appearance of being one, the project reveals that a city is one that is in constant transformation, unveiled through the micro changes of the local skyline, under its appearance of coherency and continuity.
Art Noveau Dome of La Samaritaine
GHOSTS OF LA SAMARITAINE the forgotten dome
the excavated courtyard
the old gateway
the bridge to nowhere
the conflicted facade
GHOSTS OF SAMARITAINE
LAYERS OF HISTORY
SANAA’s proposal for LVMH (uncertain)
Current state of site (2015)
Henri Sauvage Interior (1932)
Hausmanian Buildings before La Samaritaine (1800s)
REBAR BONES
Pre Samaritaine (Haussmanian)
Henri Sauvage
SANAA
CONFLICTED FACADE
street approach 1
street approach 2
THE OLD GATEWAY
Plan
rue
de
rivo
Entrance Hall
rue b
aillet
Interior of magasin 4
li
THE FORGOTTEN DOME
Plan
rue
Dome
rue b
aillet
Old Samaritaine Dome
de
rivo
li
THE BRIDGE TO NOWHERE
Plan
rue
rue b
aillet
Old link between 2 magasins
de
rivo
li
Bridge
LEE FANG 2015 - 2016 Selected Works