Sewing marginal space by mini forest

SEWING MARGINAL SPACE BY MINI FOREST THE WASSON WAY CORRIDOR

XU CAO

BACKGROUND

The proposed Wasson way is divided into three parts, occupying an important position in Cincinnati and promoting the prosperity and development of the Crown trail. To build better infrastructure and provide users with a better environmental experience, the opportunities on this path are discussed in detail. In the initial fantasy, this road evokes lives and is a natural and harmonious ecological marginal space. The active atmosphere aroused people's desire to explore. Due to the rapid development of society, the impact of urban construction on the environment, society, and humanity has forced the living environment and ecosystem to deteriorate. We do not want the earth bleeding!!! It is time for us to deliver resilient natural space and create a sustainable pro-natural environment!

Cincinnat bought 4.1 miles of right-of-way. This 4.1-mile-long road section from Montgomery Road, near Xavier University, to Wooster Road in Fairfax. As a multipurpose bicycle lane and sidewalk corridor, the Wasson way will provide better infrastructure, entertainment facilities, and ecological environment for residents living within one mile of this path. For our research site of this project is located on the 1.86 miles road of Montgomery Road west to Martin Luther King Drive (Phases 6B, 6A, and 7). The major Crown trail system connects the gems and 54 communities of the entire urban system. Tri-States Trails has planned the main trails. Let's roll up our sleeves and work to build our wisdom and vision on the creation of urban corridors. Let's experience the atmospheric corridor landscape!

Trails, as an important movement space for people's daily travel, occupy a large share of the natural environment. However, the rich road construction has fragmented the original earth landscape as a whole, which means that the emergence of landscape fragmentation has led to the diminution of landscape types, biological communities are isolated in the physical environment, and many endangered species cannot move freely on the habitat, It may lead to potential reproductive isolation, not to mention that many organisms have regular migration and reproduction activities, such as salmon reproduction will experience the movement of streams and oceans, and so on. To create the connectivity of the landscape, promote the integration of the landscape structure, and improve the safety of the trail landscape and the dynamic edge effect, we can:

• conceive the urban road system with organized planning

• prioritize reasonable road classification and the right-of-way of biological movement

• develop sustainable landscape infrastructures.

The material exchange activities in the edge environment are very intense, which can promote the species exchange of different landscape communities, as well as the accessibility of humans and nature, and enrich people's understanding of the wild environment. Different activity spaces will be expected to build a dynamic semi-ecological constructed habitat.

Urban trails can be built into flexible and resilient sustainable landscapes. It is not difficult to understand that the landscape can be like a sponge. When it is under pressure and damage, it can empty its water and then shrink; When the conditions are suitable, absorb water again to enrich the internal space and value. Therefore, the resilient landscape can maintain the stability of the ecosystem, enrich the ecological diversity and functions, and maintain and develop more sustainable space over time, helping species and habitats flourish.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

• Setting - determines the landscape limitations and opportunities; The influencing factors include:

P Geographical conditions, ecological environment, culture, and history. Good geographical conditions ensure good environmental background;

• Processes - Landscape creates and dynamically maintains landscape.

P Create mini-forest. Consider the adverse impact of invasive species on the ecosystem. To ensure the stability of the landscape structure, seeding competitive local species every time the road land is renovated to inhibit the growth of invasive species.

P Create a drainage network. Look for potential green infrastructure in the drainage system and provide water for the habitat in the process of landscape development.

• Connectivity - connect the habitat of the whole system, and maintain the relationship between the community interaction process and species exchange. The main measure is to connect habitat patches.

P Green spots- Utilization of available land to build pocket park;

P Green facade- vertical greening to improve greening quantity;

P Green corridor- Connects adjacent patches into bridges or loops

• Redundancy - There are many similar or overlapping elements or functions in the landscape, and the same niche provides a more stable trophic cascade.

P multiple habitats

P species with similar niches

P vegetation continuity vertically and horizontally

P All season food provision

• People - behavior directly and indirectly shapes the landscape.

P Strengthen ecological participation

P Combine education with nature

P Rest and socialize

P Aesthetic value

P Relieve loneliness and stress

Our life is enjoying ecosystem services anytime and anywhere, and so is Wasson way. As individuals in the landscape, roads help us to pass, promote connectivity and accessibility, and give us more opportunities to contact nature. As a landscape group, roads include various habitats, species diversity, and complex functional networks. When we walk on Wasson way, we can hear birds chirping, see raccoons picking fruits, sitting and smelling flowers, and dance with butterflies on the grass. Such ecological services are predictable.

• PROVISIONING SERVICES-Products obtained from ecosystems

P Food

P Fresh Water

P Fuelwood

P Fiber

P Biochemicals

P Genetic resources

P Wildlife habitat

• REGULATING SERVICES-Benefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes

P Stormwater interception/infltrtion

P Water quality improvement

P Air quality improvemnt

P Climate mitigation

EXPERIENTIAL TRAIL

P Phytoremediation

P Carbon sequestration

P Disease regulation

• CULTURAL SERVICES-Nonmaterial benefits obtained from ecosystems

P Spiritual, solitude and stress reduction

P Recreation, ecotourism, social interaction

P Aesthetic

P Inspirational

P Educational

P Sense of place

P Cultural heritage

• SUPPORTING SERVICES-Services necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services

P Soil formation

P Nutrient cycling

P Primary production

To create a trail full of memory and atmosphere, enhance the experience of tourists through a series of sensory participation in hearing, vision, taste, aesthetics, and spirit. Wasson way is divided into three design sections, with a total length of 1.86 miles. Different landscape atmospheres can enrich the visual experience of tourists and prevent people from visual fatigue.

• Romantic perennial herbs create a hazy beauty;

• The rhythmic road vegetation gives people a lively atmosphere;

• Neat and marked road grading gives people a top-notch sense of prosperity;

• Commuters listen to the birds singing on the bicycle lane, giving a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere;

• A picnic on the lawn of Pocket Park brings a party atmosphere.

CHALLENGE

For more than 300 years, Cincinnati has been the center of economic and industrial development. Until the 1950s, Cincinnati's industrial sector declined due to the global transfer of manufacturing. This transformation has led to a reduction of nearly 50% in the population, and many buildings in the industrial era have been abandoned or demolished. With the development of manufacturing and industry, the habitat of mill creek has been destroyed. In 1997, mill creek was rated as the most endangered urban river in the United States. Cincinnati also faces considerable air quality challenges, with serious particle pollution, especially the serious impact on the urban population. Long-term consequences include major health problems in some communities, such as an increase in asthma cases and differences in life expectancy.

Today, the expansion of cities has led to the idleness of today's vacant land. Urban roads are dilapidated and in disrepair, resulting in unsafe road environments and inconsistent paths. The environment has been damaged by traffic and industry, people's lives and health have been threatened, and the quality of life of the whole Mill Creek has gradually decreased.

• Re-planning vacant land, the transportation system, and the street environment become challenges to better serve the community;

• Improve the economic situation and environment of the region and attract people to settle again.

By observing the vegetation around the Wasson way, we can find the scattered

Participating communities

vegetation area. The backwardness of the residential environment and landscape construction will indirectly affect the infrastructure and investment around the residential area, as well as the backwardness of commercialization, and then further increase the poverty rate and unemployment rate. According to statistics, the population growth rate of Cincinnati slowed down between 1960 and 2019. The population has gradually stabilized, and there will be a downward trend in the next 10 years.

• When updating the infrastructure on the Wasson way, it is necessary to consider the gentrification, plan more job opportunities in the surrounding areas, and help low-income residents better adapt to the local development and construction;

• At the same time, consider the economic and environmental construction of surrounding communities to build a more influential Crown system.

According to the poverty rate report in 1980 and 2019, the higher poverty rate is mainly concentrated in lower mill creek, while the Wasson way is mainly located in the middle and upper mill creek. People with high education levels mainly live in upper mill creek, while people with low education levels mainly live in the middle and lower mill creek. The such class division has widened the gap between the rich and the poor between regions. The poor people live in unpleasant places, while the rich enjoy better landscape services. There is aggregation and segregation among ethnic groups. The black population tends to live in the lower mill creek, while the white and Asian populations tend to live in the middle and upper mill creek.

• To solve the problem of social equality, emerging employment, education, and tourism opportunities are the breakthrough.

The central communities within 1 mile of Wasson Way include Corryville, Avondale, North Avondale - Paddock Hills, Norwood, Hyde Park, Evanston, East Walnut Hills, Walnut Hills, and Mt.Auburn. These communities are the primary beneficiaries, except for North Avondale - Paddock Hills, Hyde Park, and East Walnut Hills. The annual median household income in other communities is lower than the average level of Cincinnati ($40678). To provide better transportation facilities and a living environment and to avoid the residing burden of low-income families caused by gentrification, the design will consider the economic affordability of residents and easier access. Residents can walk for 10-15 minutes to the road planning system of Wasson Way and enjoy bicycle, walking, and green services. This improves the community's environmental quality, strengthens the participants' physical quality, and encourages people to exercise and participate actively. In addition, the communities within 1 mile of Wasson Way will be the primary service objects. The first-class trail landscape planning is expected to be:

P Road classification with signs - pavement, ground pattern, signboard, road division line

P Design of speed bumps - signs, sidewalks, animal right-of-way

P Planning of road landscape - street trees, tree pools, fences, sidewalks, bicycle lanes, meeting places, animal shelters, mini-forest

P First-class infrastructures: Landmark, milestone, corridor, station and stool at important nodes

WHAT IS MARGINAL SPACE?

Marginal space mainly describes the connection between two adjacent landscape spaces, that is, "transition space," to realize the resilient landscape with sustainable development, improve the ecological value, human value, and identity of those spaces, and improve the sustainability, resilience, adaptability, and transformability of the landscape

NEIGHBORHOODS BUFFER ZONE

To better connect the primary space, the restricted area range is within 1 mile, and different levels of the area range will experience impressive scenes.

CONTEXT

1/4 MILE - 5 MINITUES

• Enjoy cycling, walking, and green services

• Improve the environmental quality of the community Encourage people to walk and exercise

• Street trees and open green spaces to encourage gatherings

Occupied

10

1/2 MILE - 10 MINUTES

• Connect existing vacant land and possible green infrastructures

Support bicycle and entertainment services in the community

• Connect the existing Topographic, Vegetation, Built, and water marginal spaces.

• Encourage people to come into contact with the ecological environment

3/4 MILE - 15 MINUTES

• Support students and workers commuting

Enjoy a sound road system

• Connect a broken road

• Support neighboring communities for morning running.

• The bus station can reach planned trails.

1 MILE - 20 MINUTES

• Expand to education and other cultural spaces, establish the marginal space between buildings and nature

• Promote the accessibility of trails and residential sites

• Connect available water resources

Connect the business district and provide accessibility to the workplace for low-income people.

• Connect habitats, encourage cultural education, and biophilia contact

TRANSPORTATION TRAIL SYSTEM

Onsite trail system within 1 mile buffer

3.6 Miles Multi-Use Paths (paved)

3.84 Miles Bike lane facilites(Asphalt)

0.84 Miles Planned Multi-Use Paths(Arterial)

1.86 Miles Wasson Way expansion - Multi-Use Paths(Arterial)

MULTI-USE PATHS (PAVED) MATERIAL

55% Constitution of Asphalt

45% Constitution of Concrete

WASSON WAY EXPANSION LENGTH

Marginal spaces often do not connect well together. How are they joined in the city? The answer is pavement. Artificial roads limit the connection and communication between spaces.

PROPOSED CROWN LOOP

WASSON WAY EXPANSION

PLANNED MULTI-USE PATHS

BUS STOP

MULTI-USE PATHS (PAVED)

ON-ROAD BIKING FACILITIES BUS ROUTES

15 Bus Routes & 368 Bus Stops involved to bring our visitors

NEIGHBORHOODS POPULATION

Between 1980 and 2020, the population of communities near Wasson Way also changed. According to census data, between 1980 and 2020, the population of the area covered by the site decreased significantly. It is not difficult to imagine whether the quality of life in the local area is poor. Sustainable community development is controlled jointly by the economy, society, culture, and ecology. It is obvious that people's desire to live in Cincinnati is insufficient.

LANDUSE PARKS & RECREATIONS

Parks within 1 mile buffer

70 Parks & Green Spaces are involved

527.5 Acres of Green Spaces are saved there

TRAILS DISCONNECTED

• PLAN A BIKE LANE TO JOIN THE CORRIDORS

• ENRICHES TRAIL EXPERIENCES

• EDUCATIONAL & HEALTHY OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

SUM OF ACRES BY EACH PARKTYPE

GREEN SPACE DISCONNECTED

• SPARSELY GREEN SPACE LEAD TO FRAGMENTATION

• VACANT LAND PPOSSIBILITIES & MINI-FOREST CAN LEAD

SUM OF ACRES BY EACH PARKTYPE

GREEN SPACE WITHIN THE BUFFER

Surprisingly, the green space rate in Cincinnati is 18%, while the 1-mile corridor involved in the Wasson Way only has a 10% green space rate. It is no wonder that the quality of life in Cincinnati is poor, and people lack basic environmental facilities and sports space, making it difficult to form a livable city. Many companies find that the environmental quality is too poor, and the wealthy are unwilling to live here, so they are unwilling to invest in the development of Cincinnati, further exacerbating social inequality.

PLACES OF interest

PROPOSED CROWN LOOP

MULTI-USE PATHS (PAVED)

GREEN SPACE WITHIN THE WHOLE CINCINNATI

% of Green Use

10.5%

527.5 Acres of f Green Use

5003.78 Acres of 1 mile

WASSON WAY EXPANSION

ON-ROAD BIKING FACILITIES

% of Green Use

18%

15306 Acres of Green Use

84,960.8 Acres of CINCINNATI

PLANNED MULTI-USE PATHS

LAND USE VACANCY

As discussed earlier, different land uses develop connections and influence on marginal space, affecting the environment, human life, and economy. And urban vacant land is a unique existence because its appearance is unfavorable to nature. Urban vacant land has led to social inequalities, such as resource waste, exacerbation of urban poverty, traffic congestion, inadequate infrastructure, and social stratification.

Urban vacant land can indirectly lead to negative emotions such as loneliness, isolation, lack of cultural value, dirtiness, and unsuitable living conditions, reducing people's sense of identity with the region.

VACANT LAND REASSEMBLE PLAN

VACANT LAND

SMALL-MODERATE-SIZE SCATTERED LOTS IN VIABLE NEIGHBORHOODS

Park expansion

Side lots

Stabilization/minimal treatment

Pathways

Mini-parks

Community gardens

LARGE PARCELS IN LARGELY DISINVESTED AREAS

Stormwater management

Low-intensity open space

Greenways

Alternative energy production

Urban farms

Stabilization / minimal treatment

Stream daylighting

Alternative energy production

REGULATIVE ECOSYSTEM SERVICE

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURES VALUES

GOALS & OBJECTIVES

According to the inventory and analysis of the Wasson way corridor, this path mainly includes five problems to be solved. Green space connectivity, water resources accessibility, urban vacant land planning, population loss, and trail system planning. These five categories propose a mission, vision, goals, and objectives to solve the existing environmental problems.

VISON GOALS

Green space connectivity needs to focus on existing parks and green space, re-imagining nature-deprived areas, providing green infrastructures, and creating more effective ecosystem services. Water resources are scarce, aiming to develop wetlands and retention ponds that exist in nature. Water resources can provide a resting place and habitat for creatures, reduce the urban heat island effect, and provide services and a better environment for wildlife to survive. Urban vacant land, mainly composed of residential and institutional land uses, needs to consider the connection between the residential environment and the vacant land to improve the value of ecological connectivity, ecotourism, and permeable corridors. This is the location of the potential pocket garden, which can solve the above environmental problems and improve the site identity and land value.

OBJECTIVES

Population loss and population decline lead to a vicious circle of economic recession with regional investment reduction, further increasing the urban vacancy rate. Therefore, first-class landscape planning and construction that can be gathered and participated in can attract more customers to enter the Crown Loop Corridor, improve environmental quality, and attract surrounding land construction. Finally, the trail system should integrate the discontinuous MULTI-USE PATHS into the Crown loop system, improve people's chances of reaching the site, increase walking, running, biking, bus-taking, and other opportunities, and promote a healthy road system. In general, the potential of transitional space is found according to the definition of marginal space. Landscape planning is created for those spaces, which inspires creating of these trail landscapes.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

OVERVIEW

Cincinnati's crown trail loop is a planned urban road corridor that is expected to connect all entertainment facilities and green facilities in the big Cincinnati city. The crow trail system runs through the Cincinnati Downtown area, aiming to awaken the city's vitality, renew the old urban facilities, and preserve the historical memory. In the Letter of Intent study, then zoom in to the research area "the wasson way," we can find significant urban environmental problems. The green space is scattered on both sides of the Corridor. In the wasson way 1-mile buffer, urban impervious pavement accounts for up to 50%. As a result, the urban heat island effect intensifies and occurs near the Crown corridor. In addition, the whole 1milebuffer lacks water connectivity, the site's wetland cannot contact the stream, and the unconnected river basin leads to habitat fragmentation, reducing the living space of creatures and food resources.

INEQUALITY - EQUALITY PLAN

This mini forest approach considers designing pollinator strips, using different pollinator strips as threads to sew the marginal space of the earth-targeted area. The four designed pollinator strips mainly display three different plant dimensions, forest (shaded space), shrub/scrub or edge (semi-shaded), and meadow/grassland (open). Select native plants based on these three different landscapes.

mainly shade loving plant types. The structure of forest is complex and there are many hierarchical structures. It is the main habitat for animals and plants. According to the height, type and function of plants, judge the niche of plants. The plants in the upper layer absorb a large amount of sunlight. The plants in the middle layer are mainly composed of small trees and shrubs, which absorb filtered sunlight. The herbs on the ground are shade loving plants.

The characteristics of these plants include - Aboveground space( a.Upper level; b.Middle level; c.Ground level); Belowground space( a.Surface and rhizomatous; b.Middle and deep fibrous roots; c.Deep taproot) .3.Seasonal time(a.Cool-season species; b.Warm-season species). 4.Time in years( a.Initial – year 1; b.Midterm – year 2-4; c.Long term – year 5+ ). 5.Nitrogen-fixing legumes.

The shrub space is between open and shaded. This allows animals to browse shrubs and herbs, which make it easier for them to come into contact with plants and form their habitat. The open space is mainly composed of low shrubs and grassland plants, and animals can easily browse the grassland space.

Sunlight is mainly absorbed by tall trees. Tall trees on the ground become dominant species. Trees, shrubs and herbs under the forest are

SCENE 01 - WETLAND BOARDWALK

CARDINAL, HOUSE WREN, CROW LOSSING

WITHIN 1 MILE WASSON WAY BUFFER

11 PARKS 164.3 ACRES OCCUCPIES 3.3% OF THE BUFFER

1,267.36 ACRES OF TREE CANOPY OCCUIES

25.3% OF THE BUFFER ( 5003 ACRES)

12 ONSITE PONDINGS 14.3 ACRES OCCUCPIES

0.1% OF THE 2 MILE BUFFER

2 MILE BUFFER (13969ACRES) REACHES

Water Features

1614 VACANT LAND PARCELS 391.7 ACRES OCCUCPIES 7.8% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER ( 5003 ACRES)

THE BUFFER ZONE REACHES MILL CREEK BRANCH & YONONTE CREEK BRANCH WITHIN 2 MILE BUFFER (13969ACRES) ... ...

VANCANT LAND AREA WORKED AS A POTENTIAL AREA FOR GREEN INFRASTRUCTURES, MINII-FOREST, POCKET PARKS, PONDINGS ... TO FORM WATER TUNNELS

SCENE 02 - TENNIS COURT + DANCE PLAZA

RR XING: SINAGE & PUBLICIZE

RR

STREET: GREEN WAYS

BRIDGE: GREEN WALLS

STREET: GREEN WAYS

INTERSECTION: COMMUNITY GARDENS

BRIDGE: GREEN WALLS

INTERSECTION: COMMUNITY GARDENS

690.6 ACRES OF PAVEMENT OCCUCPIES

13.8% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

OCCUCPIES

WETLAND

GREEN TRAIL

RETENTIONAL POOL

RAIN GARDENS

PERMEABLE PAVERS

MINI-WOODLAND

PAVEMENT POLYGONS

CROWN LOOP TRAIL

INSTRUCTIVE EXPERIENCE

NATURE PARTICIPATION

GREEN WALKING

WATER ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY FARMING

FAMILY ENGAGED

PROPOSED FUNCTIONS

PARKS

CROWN LOOP TRAIL

VACANT LAND PARCELS

PERIODIC EVENTS

BIKING

FFER

26.1% OF THE IM2638.02

THE PAVEMENT OCCUCPIES 26.1% OF THE IMPERVIOUS SURFACES AREA ( 2638.02 ACRES)

THE IMPERVIOUS SURFACES AREA OCCUCPIES

52.7% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER ( 5003 ACRES)

AREA OCCUCPIES BUFFER ( 5003

IMPERVIOUS SURFACES & PAVEMENT

THE AREA “83.85-86.77 ℉” OCCUPIES

2614 ACRES OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

℉” OCCUPIES BUFFER

THESES HEATED AREA OCCUPIES 53% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT AREA IS 3.3 -

OCCUPIES 53% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

3.8 ℉HIGHER THAN THE NORMAL AREA

WASSON WAY EXPANSION IS EXPERIENCING HIGH TEMPERATURE ZONE

THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT AREA IS 3.33.8 ℉HIGHER THAN THE NORMAL AREA WASSON WAY EXPANSION IS EXPERIENCING HIGH TEMPERATURE ZONE

2021 september 20th Afternoon Air Temperature

2021 september 20th Afternoon Air Temperature

FAMILY ENGAGED - - VACANT LAND FOR RESIDENTIAL USE

COMMUNITY FARMING - - SUSTAINABLE

FAMILY ENGAGED - - VACANT LAND FOR RESIDENTIAL USE

COMMUNITY FARMING - - SUSTAINABLE GREEN INDUSTRY

GREEN INDUSTRY

WATER ENGAGEMENT - - HABITAT RECHARGE & HUMAN TOURISM

WATER ENGAGEMENT - - HABITAT RECHARGE & HUMAN TOURISM

GREEN WALKING - - SUSTAINABLE PAVEMENT & BIOPHILIA EXPERIENCE

GREEN WALKING - - SUSTAINABLE PAVEMENT & BIOPHILIA EXPERIENCE

SCENE 03 - DOWNHILL STAIRS

STREET:

BRIDGE: GREEN WALLS

+ GRASSLAND

690.6 ACRES OF PAVEMENT OCCUCPIES

13.8% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

CROWN LOOP TRAIL

PROPOSED PROGRAMS

RETENTIONAL POOL

INSTRUCTIVE EXPERIENCE

PERIODIC EVENTS BIKING

WATER ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY FARMING

FAMILY ENGAGED

THE PAVEMENT OCCUCPIES 26.1% OF THE IMPERVIOUS SURFACES AREA ( 2638.02 ACRES)

3853 ACRES OF THE LAND OCCUCPIES

76% OF THE BUFFER, WITHIN GENTLE SLOPING, SUTIABLE FOR WALKWAYS, MULTI-USE PATHS, SERVICES AREA, LAWN, POCKET-FOREST...

THE IMPERVIOUS SURFACES AREA OCCUCPIES

52.7% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER ( 5003 ACRES)

IMPERVIOUS SURFACES & PAVEMENT

5% OF THE MODERATELY STEEP AREA AND THE STEEP AREA OCCUCPIES 4% OF THE BUFFER

THE AREA “83.85-86.77 ℉” OCCUPIES

LANDSLIDE POTENTIAL

2614 ACRES OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

THESES HEATED AREA OCCUPIES 53% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT AREA IS 3.3 -

THE SLOPE ON THE SIDEWALK AND WALKWAYS IS 0% - 5%, ACCOUNTING FOR 37%, 1843ARES

3.8 ℉HIGHER THAN THE NORMAL AREA

WASSON WAY EXPANSION IS EXPERIENCING HIGH TEMPERATURE ZONE

2021 september 20th Afternoon Air Temperature

RAMPS AND MULTI-USE PATHS MAINLY FLUCTUATE BETWEEN 8.33% AND 15%, ACCOUNTING FOR 26%, 1297 ACES

Slope Percent Rise

ENTRANCE GARDEN- - GREEN SWALE, RAINGARDEN, NURSERY...

FAMILY ENGAGED - - VACANT LAND FOR RESIDENTIAL USE

UPHILL FOREST - - HABITAT FOR WILDLIFE

COMMUNITY FARMING - - SUSTAINABLE GREEN INDUSTRY

WOODLAND SERVICES - - TRAIL TO THE WOODLAND, WALKIN, BIKING

WATER ENGAGEMENT - - HABITAT RECHARGE & HUMAN TOURISM

FOREST TERRACES - -POSSIBLE TERRACES TO ACCESS TO THE DOWNHILL

GREEN WALKING - - SUSTAINABLE PAVEMENT & BIOPHILIA EXPERIENCE

FOREST FARMING - - NATURE PARTICIPATIION, INTERCROPPING...

ON-SITE SLOPE POSSIBILITIES

RAMPS WALKWAYS APPROACHES AND ENTRANCES

TERRACES & SITTING AREAS LAWN AREA & PLAYGROUNDS SWALES GRASSED BANKS PLANTED BANKS (UNMOWED VINES OR GROUND COVERS)

RR XING: SINAGE & PUBLICIZE

STREET: GREEN WAYS

BRIDGE: GREEN WALLS

INTERSECTION: COMMUNITY GARDENS

LANDUSE

10.2 ACRES 92.5 ACRES 0.1 ACRES 587.8 ACRES

1 % 13 % 0.02 % 85 %

690.6 ACRES OF PAVEMENT OCCUCPIES

13.8% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

THE PAVEMENT OCCUCPIES 26.1% OF THE IMPERVIOUS SURFACES AREA ( 2638.02 ACRES)

THE IMPERVIOUS SURFACES AREA OCCUCPIES

VACANT

PARKS

52.7% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER ( 5003 ACRES)

IMPERVIOUS SURFACES & PAVEMENT

RETENTIONAL POOL

THE AREA “83.85-86.77 ℉” OCCUPIES

INSTRUCTIVE EXPERIENCE PERIODIC EVENTS BIKING

CROWN LOOP TRAIL WASSON WAY EXPANSION PROJECT BOUNDARY RESIDENTIAL LANDFILLS TENNIS COURT BASKETBALL COURT RETENTIONAL WATER TANKS SIGNS FOR HISTORC SOCIAL CONNECTOR POLLINATOR PATHS COMMERCIAL GRASSED BANKS PUBLIC SERVICES UNIMPROVED NATURAL FOREST MANUFACTURING BROWN-FIELDS EDUCATIONAL ROAD TRACKS ENERGY PRODUCTION NEIBORHOOD GARDEN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT LOW-INTENSITY OPEN SPACE COMMUNITY EVENTS SCENE 04 - VACANT LAND SCENARIO TEMPERATURE (℉) 80.91-82.97 82.97-83.43 83.43-83.85 83.85-84.21 84.21-86.77 385 ACRES 875 ACRES 1127 ACRES 1330 ACRES 1284 ACRES 7.7 % 17 % 22 % 27 % 26 % AVON FIELDS GOLF COURSE EVANSTON PLAYGROUND FLEISCHMANN GARDENS HAUCK BOTANIC GARDENS HOYLES PARK LOSANTIVILLE TRIANGLE M.L.K. MILLCREST PARK SEASONGOOD SQUARE VICTORY WOODWARD PARK

GREEN TRAIL RAIN GARDENS WETLAND NATURE PARTICIPATION GREEN WALKING MINI-WOODLAND PERMEABLE PAVERS

WATER ENGAGEMENT

FAMILY ENGAGED

WITHIN 1/4MILE LANDUSE EXPERIENCE

2614 ACRES OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

THESES HEATED AREA OCCUPIES 53% OF THE 1 MILE BUFFER

THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT AREA IS 3.3 -

3.8 ℉HIGHER THAN THE NORMAL AREA

PROPOSED PROGRAMS ON VACANCY PARKS CROWN LOOP TRAIL CROWN LOOP TRAIL PAVEMENT POLYGONS

THE RESIDENTIAL & MANUFACTURING VACANT LAND TAKES 82% OF THE OVERALL VACANT LAND. 98 ACRES OF VACANT LAND IS FEATURED.

WASSON WAY EXPANSION IS EXPERIENCING HIGH TEMPERATURE ZONE

ANOTHER IMPACTFUL LANDUSE FEATURED BY COMMERCIAL, WHICH TAKES 14% OF THE VACANT LAND, 17 ACRES.

FAMILY ENGAGED - - VACANT LAND FOR RESIDENTIAL USE

COMMUNITY FARMING - - SUSTAINABLE GREEN INDUSTRY

MULTI-USE BIKE LANES CAN CONNECT EXISTING PARK FACILITIES AND PROVIDE ACTIVE PLACES.

WATER ENGAGEMENT - - HABITAT RECHARGE & HUMAN TOURISM

GREEN WALKING - - SUSTAINABLE PAVEMENT & BIOPHILIA EXPERIENCE WASSON WAY EXPANSION

24

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

OVERVIEW

A delightful discovery, yeah! Finally discovered, the potential location of the marginal space. These locations can be vacant land, further classified as i. post-industrial sites; ii. derelict sites; iii. unattended with vegetation sites; iv. natural sites; v.transportation-related sites; These locations are potential landscape construction sites. So, what will happen in these places? It may be Park expansion, Pathways, Mini parks, Community parks, or Stormwater management. There are many possible forms. Are you curious how mini forest connects these spaces, creating sidewalks, bike paths, habitats, and wetlands? Yes or no/ >

GENTRIFICATION + REVITALIZATION PLAN

WASSON WAY CORRIDOR ZONING

NeighborhoodBarbeque

NurseryMarketingTrellis

SupportiveFarming WetlandBoardwalk

NurseryGardenLogs&Bushes

BasketballCourtBadmintonCourtMeadow/shrub/treeBikeLane TennisCourt

CastleBeachAndGreenWall Dance/stayingPlaza

TerraceWalk/runningTrackCulturalRailroadTrack

OpenGrasslandOutlook UphillWalkingWildlifeRechagingPond

DownhillStairs&OutlookPlatformShrubby&Perennials&Grassland

WindbreakShrubsWildlifeRechargingPond PollinatorGarden

BikeLaneForestShadingAvenue Flower -watchingDetrntionalPool

MarketingUnderTrellisMarketingUnderTrellis OpenLawn ForestGroup AvailableVacantLandForMiniforest

BikeLandExit/entrance

PRO-FORMA GRADING CRITERIA

ECOLOGICAL MARGINAL SPACE LINKAGE WITH MINI-FORESTS

STAIRWAY AT RAILWAY FOREST

SHRUBBY GRASSLAND - POLLINATOR STRIP

RAILWAY FOREST ENTRANCE

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

OVERVIEW

I'm glad you can read it here. Along the way, you saw many imagined landscapes and primitive landforms, as well as lengthy analyses. Because my purpose is to describe the shortcomings and areas for improvement in the marginal space. The mini forest is an excellent green infrastructure approach. Combined with other green infrastructure measures, it will create rich ecological, economic, social, cultural, and aesthetic values and provide emotional support for people. When people begin to identify with the landscape of a place, it means that they are familiar with the surrounding area and willing to participate. Speaking without proof, this chapter will explain how to use quantitative tools to measure the landscape benefits of mini forests. This can have a significant impact, and I hope you can maintain your enthusiasm for the Wasson Way Corridor!

STAIRWAY AT RAILWAY FOREST

( OVER 1200 SQ.FT. PLANTING BED)

SHRUBBY GRASSLAND - POLLINATOR STRIP

The reason to find Marginal space:

1.Dee, Catherine. Form and fabric in landscape architecture: a visual introduction. Taylor & Francis, 2001. DOI 10.4324/9780203639078

Resilient Landscape Metrics idea:

2.Beller, E. E.; Robinson, A.; Grossinger, R. M.; Grenier, J. Letitia. 2015. Landscape Resilience Framework: Operationalizing Ecological Resilience at the Landscape Scale. SFEI Contribution No. 752. San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center: Richmond, CA.

Planting method and greening methods for sustainability:

3.Garden Revolution: How Our Landscapes Can Be a Source of Environmental Change, Larry Weaner & Thomas Christopher, 2016

https://npj.uwpress.org/content/17/3/281

4.Nature's best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard by Tallamy, Douglas W；2019, ISBN 1604699000, 9781604699005 https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/43212849-nature-s-best-hope

Connectivity and Resilience and Marginal space measures:

5.Particulate Matter Mitigation Through Urban Green Infrastructure: Research on Optimization of Block-scale Green Space, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC,2015) https://www.asla.org/2020awards/466.html

6.Swingland, Ian. (2013). Biodiversity, Definition of. 10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00009-5.

7. Urban birds and planting design: strategies for incorporating ecological goals into residential landscapes, (Joshua & Rhiannon, 2016 ) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11252-016-0570-0

Ecosystem services & sustainability & Landscape Resilience Relationships

8.Ahern, Jack. "Novel urban ecosystems: concepts, definitions and a strategy to support urban sustainability and resilience." Landscape Architecture Frontiers 4.1 (2016): 10-22. (Jack, 2016) https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1067&context=larp_faculty_pubs

9.Balloffet, N; Deal, R; Hines, Sarah; Larry, B; Smith, N. 2012. Ecosystem Services and Climate Change. (February 4, 2012). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Climate Change Resource Center. www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/topics/ ecosystem-services

Vacant land measures:

10.Kim, Gunwoo. 2016. "The Public Value of Urban Vacant Land: Social Responses and Ecological Value" Sustainability 8, no. 5: 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050486

12(2015). Resilience of and through urban ecosystem services. Ecosystem Services, 12, 152-156. Timon & Erik &Thomas & Niki 2014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.07.012

13. Seong-Kyu Ha, 2007. “Housing regeneration and building sustainable low-income communities in Korea”. Habitat International, Volume 31, Issue 1, Pages 116-129.

14.Andrew Stanislav, Jae Teuk Chin, 2019, “Evaluating livability and perceived values of sustainable neighborhood design: New Urbanism and original urban suburbs”, Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 47

15.Kim, Gunwoo. 2016. "The Public Value of Urban Vacant Land: Social Responses and Ecological Value" Sustainability 8, no. 5: 486. Sustainability 2016. 10 of 19.

16.Pumphrey, Jared T. The exchange: reprogramming vacant built landscapes to increase social equity and create identity：1-165

17.Gunwoo Kim, Patrick A. Miller, David J. Nowak, 2018, Urban vacant land typology: A tool for managing urban vacant land, Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 36, Pages 144-156

18.Shao, Huamei, and Gunwoo Kim. 2022. "A Comprehensive Review of Different Types of Green Infrastructure to Mitigate Urban Heat Islands: Progress, Functions, and Benefits" Land 11, no. 10: 1792.

19.Ozdil, Taner R., Sameepa Modi, and Dylan Stewart. “University of Texas at Dallas Landscape Enhancements.” Landscape Performance Series. Landscape Architecture Foundation, 2013.

20.Arthur S. Alderson and François Nielsen. 1999 “Income Inequality, Development, and Dependence: A Reconsideration”. American Sociological Review , Aug., 1999, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Aug., 1999), pp. 606-631

IMAGES

1. GRADIENT TRANSITIONS. Forest Succession - nw outdoor science school. https://www.nwoutdoorschool.org/forest-succession.html

2. PUBLIC, SEMI-PRIVATE, PRIVATE SPACE

An example of delineation of private, semi private, semi-public and private spaces. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/An-example-of-delineation-of-private-semi-private-semi-public-and-privatespaces_fig2_342437005

3.ECOTONE. Why? – Ecotone, Inc. https://www.ecotoneinc.com/why/

4. THICKENED PERMEABLE ‘WALL’

Ventilation and Shade: Permeable Walls in Colombian Architecture | ArchDaily https://www.archdaily.com/941485/ventilation-and-shade-permeable-walls-in-colombian-architecture

5.PLANTING DETAIL BIO-RETENTION AREA

Meisner + Associates / LandVision http://meisnerandassociates.com/Main%20Pages/Services.html

6. 6" PERFORATED PVC

JM Eagle 2733 Sewer Pipe, 3 in, 10 ft L, Solvent Weld, PVC, White https://www.thelumberyard.com/PIPE-SEWER-PVC-PERF-3X10-p/9117821.htm

7. SCHEDULE 80 PIPE

PVC Pipe and PVC Fittings Explained : Drip Depot DIY Irrigation Support https://help.dripdepot.com/support/solutions/articles/11000062020-pvc-buying-guide

A Closing Thought...

Animals Are Willing To Participate In This Corridor, The Average Temperature Has Decreased, And More Birds Are Willing To Migrate To This Corridor. Children Have A Complete Childhood That Is Close To Nature. Many Flowers Are Along The Pathway; "I Am The Queen Of Plants!" " I Am The Fairy Of Flowers ! " "I Am The Prince Of Flowers," Said The Children Eagerly As They Played Games

--THANKS! Xu