WELD SOP
Figure 1 Brickpit Ring, SOP (Author, 2020)
Design Research Report for
Landscape WSUD Of Brickpit Site In Sydney Olympic Park (Interim Design Presentation) LAND7313- Studio 6 Capstone Part 2 September, 2020 by Lei Zheng z5236279
- “Acknowledgement to the Wann-gal as the traditional custodians of the land on which Sydney Olympic Park is located. I also pay my respect to Elders past and present and appreciate their contribution to this landscape — its land, waters and skies.” (SOPA) Figure 2 Western Entry of Brickpit, SOP (Author,2020)
CONTENTS 01 FOREWORD - Research Journey and timeline
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02 INTRODUCTION - Research project overview,Topic challenge, personal mission and goals
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03 THE DESIGN PROJECT - Project mission, potential design vision and research methods
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04 SITE ANALYSIS - Site analysis, opportunity and constraints & projections
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05 METHODS AND TECHNIQUES - The overview of proposed design methods and its precedents
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06 DESIGN TESTING - Testing the design methods at the subject site - Brickpit SOP
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07 DESIGN RESEARCH FINDINGS - Synthesis and findings
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REFERENCE LIST
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01 FOREWORD Research Journey and timeline
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Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Foreword Water, it is considered as a most important nature resource that involves in the daily requirement of human. As the rapid urbanisation, increased human population and shortage on the potable water, these factors have facilitated the humankind to rethink of their way in the creation of future built form and urban planning. In order to sustain the human civilisation and future generation, save the water resource becoming a big challenge in the built environment design industry. Water Sensitive Urban Design, a design approach that has been proposed to mitigate the urban stormwater runoff, simulating the water cycle in the landscape setting and treat the stormwater to improve the quality before it flows back to the natural environment. With the increased demand on high quality outdoor open spaces, it is crucial to rethink how to enhance the spatial quality and experience of a WSUD project in relation to its users. This Design Research Proposal will review the relevant landscape WSUD design theories to put forward a theoretical framework for the implementation of future WSUD. A series of design methods and techniques will be utilised to test this framework in the selected subject site at Sydney Olympic Park. The framework will be optimised during the process and come up with the appropriate final theoretical framework, design principles and strategies for the future WSUD projects.
November 2020
Finalise and amend the proposed design based on the outcome of the design testing. Summarise the finding of this design research project
October 2020 Proposed design to subject site is based on the theoritical framework and use the design research methods to test the proposed design.
September 2020
Site visit, a series of detailed site analsys of Brickpit.
August 2002 Investigate the existing WRAMS system on site, site section changed to Brickpit .
July 2020
Exploring experiential landscape approach for informing the future design
June 2020 Investigate (Woo-la-ra) site potential in relation to WSUD theory
May 2020
Establish the theoretical framework and preliminary site selection - Woo-la-ra
April 2020 Literature review, Revealed the theories
Critical inquiry: WSUD, social experience and environmental benefit
March 2020
Research interest: WSUD. Case study investigation on Sydney Park
February 2020
Research project time-line - Key points
Figure 3: Project timeline 5
Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Proposed Project Program- time line Term Break - Weeks
Stages Further Case Study Investigation
1
2
3
4
Term 3 - Weeks 5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Local precedent study (Sydney Park) quantitative & qualitative analysis environmental and social benefits, the outcome will be the reflection of the design measure were put in place. This can contribute to determine whether some of the design measure could be replicated in SOP. Site visit and on-site observation and social media analysis Visual and spatial analysis: mapping, photographing etc.
Site analysis, On-site Data collection
Land form analysis: topography, elevation & levels Existing accessibility, footpath connection mapping analysis Existing WSUD/WRAMS key elements design max capacity Existing water feature in SOP, view points,vegetation Existing stormwater catchment, water outlets,GPT analysis Estimate rainfall and total additional water volume/yr in catchment Opportunity and constraints analysis based on Site Analysis Draft the base context map for design Draft the 3D base model Review design research methods and techniques and precedents Propose sketch concept options to test the theoretical frameworks Refinement to preferred design option based on the received feedback Producting 3d model and perspectives for testing the theories.
Design concept/ resolution
Developing moodboards, materials and planting palette. Detailed spatial design based on experiential landscape key elements Develop detail design for landscape structure and art installation Producing illustrative landscape master plan Producing illustrative landscape detail plans (zoom-in plans) Producing Illustrative landscape sections and elevations Refining 3d model and bird view perspectives. Physical models if required Boards layouts and presentation preparation Figure 4: Project program to 27 Nov,2020
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Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
02 INTRODUCTION Research project overview,Topic challenge, personal mission and goals
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Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Research project overview
The purpose of this design research project is in order to demonstrate the research design strategy, process and goals of Author for the final design project by utilising multiple research design methods to test the theoritical frameworks. The "Research Throught Design" process was triggered by the “Design as research” critical inquiry to discover the answer to specific research question regarding a landscape architecture design topic in the contemporary world. It follows by “Research for Design” to review the definition of the focused design topic; then review the relevant precedent projects and to translate into design strategies as a reflection of “Research on Design”. Finally, the design theory and strategies were revealed need to be applied to the specific project. The following first section will reveal the research question, discuss the challenge, mission and goals from a personal perspective to the topic area as a reflective practitioner; In the next section, author will explore the mission, potential landscape design theory and the design research methods from the research project perspective; Last but not the least, the following section will conduct a detailed site analysis of the subject site to explore the opportunities and constraints for contributing to the concept design in the next stage.
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Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Figure 5 Brickpit Ring, SOP (Goolge map images)
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Contextual relationship between topic and subject site
Place holders
Figure 6 Brickpit montages
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Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Topic challenge
Personal mission
In the recent years, the rapid development of urban spaces and the booming population become concerns to the humankind. It is believed that climate change as the result of the above mentioned issues has impacts on our vulnerable environment. The impacts are widely acknowledged by people as Urban Heat Island Effect, potable water shortfall and irregular rainfall patterns in difference areas etc. The acronym “WSUD� stands for Water Sensitive Urban Design; it is an urban planning adaptable design approach to the urban stormwater treatment solution. The idea of the theory is to provide a system in the landscape to capture/treat the stormwater runoff and reduce the water pollution in contemporary landscape architectural projects. It is observed that most of the stormwater management systems were designed in engineered concrete pipes and channels to treat the stormwater run-off, which is considered not appealing and well-integrated within the landscape in early days. I was always wondering, is there a better way to design the stormwater system so that it can well situates in the appealling landscape and also connect with the human activities? How to diversify the use of space? How can these spaces become evocative and attract people to come in and willing to spend the time with the nature environment? What if landscape can be vertical? how will that change people's perception of the space and also the landscape?
As a landscape architect, I am always interested in how to create well-though-out, sustained and appealing landscape spaces to the public. My mission is to learn desgin theories for human experience and produce appropriate design for creating connections between natural environment and humankind, and also bring in potentional social, environmental and economic beneftis to the community in WSUD project.This is also useful for informing design of similar WSUD projects in my future career. In my opinion, landscape architects play an important role to integrate and recede the engineered stormwater system and spaces and make them become more usable and aesthetically attractive to the public. Therefore, it is critical for landscape architect to appreciate how the design theory of WSUD system works and then able to use the landscape design strategies to enhance the water treatment process as well as provide better experience to users while using the space. It is critical to balance between the functions and spatial configurations and human connections in the landscape design for WSUD projects.
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What if beyond the gravity ?
Personal goals My goal is to develope my design knowledge in relation to landscape WSUD project and use the gained design strategies to test and infrom the final design as a Research Intepreter.This is in order to produce landscape design which should not only just deliver the stormwater management system, but also be integrated with human activities and given the respect to the history of site. While considering the environment,the design should also inform people with educational knowledge of making positive impact on the natural environment in different ways. The desired outcome is to redesign the park become a destination to public and its local community. As an attraction to leading people into the space and interact with the natural environment, t h e w a t e r, t h e p l a n t i n g a n d o f c o u r s e t h e f r o g s .
Figure 7: Thought process (Zheng, 2020)
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
03 THE DESIGN PROJECT
Project mission, potential design vision and research methods
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Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Project mission
Potential landscape design theory
The mission of this design research project is to seek a better way to design the landscape WSUD project and stormwater management system in the contemporary world. The end goal is to integrate the engineered system with the beautiful and evocative landscape that connects to human movement. The research process is deliberate to reveal the answer and further queries to research question of how can landscape design strategies be applied to enhance positive social experience a nd e nvironme nta l benef it s in Wat er Sensitive Urban Design project? The aim of this proposal is to find out the appropriate landscape design theoretical frameworks and design approaches to improve the social experience and provide environmental function in mitigating flooding issue and potable water shortage in Brickpit and its surrounding site at Sydney Olympic Park, ultimately to use the proposed theoretical framework as a reference to design the future landscape WSUD projects.
The this design research project, the potential landscape design theories will be implemented are "Cues to care" in Messy Ecosystem, Orderly Frames by Joan Nassauer (Nassauer, 1995); "Spatial Practice" and "System Logic" in Landscape Theory in Design by Susan Herrington (Herrington, 2017); As well as the "Experiential Landscape: An approach to People, Place and Space" by Ian Simkins and Kevin Thwaites (Simkins, 2007). The above mentioned landscape design theories were put forward by canonical landscape architects who worked in this field for many years and the theories have influenced and inspired lots of landscape architectural students.
Figure 8: Design vision (Zheng, 2020)
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WSUD System Logic
System theory, Cybernetics and Infrastructure Constructed wetland,
regenerative landscape, landscape urbanism,Instrumentalism,soil remediation
Design research methods In order to deliver the desired design outcome, the designer need to investigate and understand how is the stormwater system working in the landscape context and how does it associate with human activities, and then review the relevant design theory and precedent case studies: Sydney Park, Qiaoyuan Wetland Park and Weiliu Wetland Park to generate appropriate design strategies (Francis, 2001). This way can guide the appropriate landscape WSUD design that creates positive impact on social experience. The detail site context and perception analysis can also assist to interpret the needs of redesign, such as Series Vision (cognitive) mapping skills.(Cullen,1961) Other useful analysis in relation to focused topic will also be undertaken to assist the design process, such as demography & social groups analysis, topography and hydrology analysis, existing WRAMS system mapping, parramatta river and stormwater cathcments in SOP, accessibility and circulation analysis and vegetation analysis etc.
Social experience
Environmental benefits
Spatial Practice
Cues to care Neat, Stewardship and Natural of landscape
Spatial Constructs,Phenomenology and Memory & space
Spatial Dimension Centre, Direction, Transition and Area
Cues to care native vegetation, animal habitat, soil remediation
Design with Nature Curbless street, Drainage with open surface, wellretained softscape
Experiential Dimension Attachment of Significance, Orientation and awareness of the home ground.
Figure 9: Theoretical frameworks diagram. (Herrington, 2017b, McHarg and History, 1969, Nassauer, 1995, Herrington, 2017a, Simkins, 2007)
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Conceptual and theoretical frameworks and assumptions
Place holders
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Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Key Questions in the research process
Place holders
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Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
04 SITE ANALYSIS
Site analysis, opportunity and constraints & projections
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Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Context analysis
Parrama
tta River
Parramatta River
Woo-La-ra Newington Reserve
Wentworth Point Development Rhodes Homebush Bay
Bay Marker
Brickpit Ring
Ha s
lam
sC
ree
Sydney Olympic Park
k
Wentworth Common
Sydney Olympic Park
Badu Mangroves
Old businese park
Pa
rra
ma
tta
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17 km
Legend
Pa
rra
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ma
tta
SOP Boundary
Ro
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Primary Site Secondary Site
Figure 10: Sydney Olympic Park in Greater Sydney context 16 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Figure 11: Sydney Olympic Park context map(basemap Mapbox, 2020) Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Residential
Future demography and Built Form analysis
Commercial
Brickpit : E2 zone environmental conservation
Public Open Space Sports/Event
In the long-term development of Sydney Olympic Park, the State Government identified need to upgrade this Olympic game legacy place to accommodate predictable booming population. The aim is to redesign the SOP to become a more active and vibrant town centre within the Greater Sydney Metropolitan. The target is to accommodate a total daily population of 82,500 people by 2030 and total 31,574 residence to 2042, From the predicted growth of population and on-going redevelopment of the site, there will be an increasing demand on the potable water at SOP by 2030.
Transport/ Parking
Based on the future demography and built form analysis, the development will face the shortage of portable water and flooding issues as the increasing of population, as well as the creation of the hardstand surfaces. It is critical to plan for additional stormwater runoff catchment and WSUD system to mitigate the foreseeable water issues in this area to achieve a sustainable future for the development.
Community
Education Hotel and serviced Apartment
Key
Mixed-use, event Commercial Mixed Commercial & Residential
Future Central and Parkview Precinct Land Use (FLOMS, 2020)
Brickpit
Existing Built Form in the Old Business Park (Future Central and Parkview Precinct)
Projected daily population 2030
TOWER ZONE
Brickpit
40-49 storeys 30-39 storeys 20-29 storeys 11-19 storeys 7-10 storeys
Key
4-6 storeys
Figure 12: SOP Population growth trend (Park, 2018) 17 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
1-3 storeys
Expected Future Built Form in Central and Parkview Precinct Figure 13: Land use and built form Source from Development Control Plan (Park, 2018)
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
History and Cultural analysis The traditional land of custodian in Sydney Olympic Park is the Wann-gal people prior to all the industrial history that happened afterwards. The State Government commenced brickmaking at the State Brickworks in 1911 and the operation was till 1988. The residual of brick pit was redeveloped to become the freshwater wetlands and also an adopted habitat for the discovered endangered frog species - Green and Golden Bell Frog. The freshwater wetland at Brickpit was also included as part of The Water Reclamation and Management Scheme for stormwater storage which was built in 2000. The constructed Brick pit Ring walk was opened in 2005. The Brickpit site acts as a stormwater storage reservoir and also treated sewage to provide additional supply for final treatment when there is high water demand. The reservoir contains up to 300 million litres which can be pumped into the Water Treatment Plant for final treatment. (Authority, 2020) Site selection The rational of the site selection is that the brick pit has the existing WRAMS and WSUD system network on-site, which will have consistent water levels through the year. In addition, this area and its adjacent future Central & Parkview Precinct do not form part of the stormwater harvesting catchment in Sydney Olympic Park. It is mentioned by David Martin from SOP that currently SOP is reviewing the possibility to harvest more stormwater from non-stormwater harvesting catchment in order to increase the water volume for solving the high water demand within the development. Potentially design resolutions could be tested and applied in this area for capturing the stormwater and connect it back into the existing WRAMS/WSUD system, or proposed extension of water system if required. Regarding the social experience and environmental benefits, the potential design solution should be focus on the place-making and how to integrate the existing water landscape with human activities and enhance the spatial experience and environmental benefits.
Re-habitation
1982
1992 - 2004
Brick production
2005 Brickpit ring
Wann-gal
1912 Brick production
1992
Discovery frogs
The traditional lands of the Wann-gal (Canada Bay Council, 2020)
Figure 14: Brickpit Re-habitation process (Park, 2018 Review, Zheng, 2020)
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Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Social media analysis Student Resident Worker
Enhancing the visual experience of water clarity
Potential for a better walking trail for worker during lunch break.
Potential Educational observation directly to groundplain and frogs
Reinforcing the history and water narrative in the design at Brickpit. Echoing the elevated structure as part of the design at Brickpit.
Additional elevated structure at different levels, s o that people can visit the ground plain of the Brickpit
Figure 15: Key words exacted from 157 Google visitor’s review of Brickpit (Google, 2020)
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Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Stormwater Catchment and existing outlets analysis
BAULKHAM HILLS
Sydney Olympic Park Parramatta River Homebush Bay
BLACKTOWN
PARRAMATTA
RYDE
HOLROYD HUNTERS HILL
CANADA BAY
AUBURN STRATHFIELD
LEICCHARDT
BURWOOD
FAIRFIELD
Legend
ASHFIELD
SOP Boundary
BANKSTOWN
N
CANTERBURY
Parramatta catchment Homebush Bay Catchment
Figure 16: Parramatta River Catchment map (AECOM,2010) 20 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
er
Riv
tta
Parrama
att
am arr
er
iv aR
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Homebush Bay
Homebush Bay
Haslams Creek
Haslams Creek
ree
k
Stormwater harvesting catchment
sC
Brickpit water storage
Ha
sla m
Powells Creek
Legend
Non- Stormwater harvesting catchment
Stormwater Outlets GPT Location
Powells Creek
Drainage system Stormwater Drainage Figure 17: Sydney Olympic Park SW Catchment (AECOM,2010)
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Figure 18: Sydney Olympic Park SW Outlets map (AECOM,2010)
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Secondary effluent
Exsiting WRAMS system analysis
Stormwater Br
ic
e ag
w Se
5
1
Sydney Olympic Park Monthly Average Rainfall from 1961 - 1982
kp
it
wa
te
Recycle water
120
Secondary effluent
100 80
Rainfall,mm
r
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60 40 20 0 Rainfall,mm
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Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
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Dec
99
101
112
104
100
104
93
68
60
70
72
84
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Sydney Olympic Park Monthly Average Rainfall from 2001 - 2020 140
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Rainfall, mm
120
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40 20 0
Rainfall, mm
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4
80
Jan
Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct Nov Dec
85
133 104
48
49
64
88
62
113
50
82
75
Figure 19: SOP Monthly Average Rainfall in 20 years period (BOM,2020) From the data comparison of Sydney Olympic Park monthly average rainfall from 1961-1982 (Homebush Bay Catchment Stormwater Management Plans, 1999) and from 2001 - 2020, it is believed that the rainfall average in the recent 20 years becomes even more uneven throughout the years. This implies that as the developing of climate change, the monthly rainfall pattern will be keep developing in irregular amount. This consideration need to be taken in the design process how to maintain the water level through the draught period of time. The current existing recycled water demand is 2,640 KL/D and predicted future recycled water demand will be 6,983 KL/D by 2030 based on the residential development projections: 26,000 dwellings. (Listowski, 2014)
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6 2
5 Legend
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Existing pipeline
2
Proposed new pipeline
3
Proposed bridge pipeline
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Water treatment plant
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Brickpit - water storage
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Water reclamation plant
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Recycle water delivery system
Figure 20: Existing WRAMS system mapping Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Ecology, Topography and Hydrology analysis
Figure 21: Sea level rise 2100 (Coastal risk &FLOMS, 2020)
Contour
Hillshade
Slope
Terrain
Figure 22: Brickpit topography analysis (GIS DATA FROM FLOMS, 2020)
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Figure 23: Brickpit topography in relation to surrounding future built form
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Accessibility and visual analysis
Connect to Wentworth common Access to public
son
ack
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r arjo
M
ay Pkw
Carpark
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Focal point/ entry statement
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long P
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kway
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Australian Avenue
Benne
Access to
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2
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Curve/ Openness
Inaccess to public
8 1
1
Brickpit
7
Contrast/ Texture
lian
stra
Au n Ave
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Enclosure/ Narrowness
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Grand Vista
ue N
Carpark ue Inaccess to Murray Rose Avenue
n Ave ose
yR
rra Mu
Legend
4
Portal/ Arches
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Portal/ Arches
From the outcome of both visual analysis and the social media analysis, it is clear that the elevated spaces works really well and impress the visitors with varies spatial experience when within the space. However, there are some improvement could be apply to enhance the spatial experience further based on the current design. The critical queries around where are landscape focal points to be looked at when in the brickpit? How the spaces to be redesigned to create variation in heights? The previous visitors have already made comments about there is no way could get down to the ground level. How can the space be designed to create lower usable spaces but still separate from the frog habitat?
There is also having no access from the future Central and Parkview Precinct direction. From the previous analysis, it is believed that this direction will face a dramatic increase on the populations. Potential opportunity to review the possibility to open up a accessible route to access from the southern side of the brickpit. The current built form at the Brickpit is very enclosed with litter access to the space except the Brickpit ring. This provides the potential opportunity to enhance the accessibility route and a more open dynamic spatial experience at the Brickpit.
Accessible pathway Future Central and Parkview Precinct
Inaccessible route Maintenance path
5 Curve/ Openness
Figure 24: accessibility analysis mapping
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10
Contrast/ Texture
Figure 25: Series Vision visual analysis (Cullen, 1961)
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Existing water features mapping
Vegetation and planting community mapping
1 Northern water feature Recycled water landmark
2
2
9
7
7
6 6
2
1
Coastal Saltmarsh
2
Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest
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Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest
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Mangrove Forest
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Eucalypt forest
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Aborignal forest
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Grassland
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Freshwater wetlands
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Saltwater wetlands
2
Water play
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Water narrative of using recycled water
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1
Brickpit
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1 9
91
7
7
4
3
3
2
Olympic Cauldron
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5 1 4
3
3
3
7 3 N
N
4 Bicentennial Park Water Feature
Figure 26: SOP existing water feature analysis (Google map images)
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Figure 27: SOP vegetaion community analysis (GIS DATA FROM FLOMS, 2020)
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Precedent case studies analysis
Sydne
y Park
Road
Contaminated fill Clean fill cap layer Wetland 2
Existing level
1 nce s
Brownfield
Pri
41.6 ha
Circuit path
Secondary path
3
sto
Clean fill cap layer
Eu
Circuit path
4
Flooding
Ca
m
Typical Cut & Fill section 02 NTS
(Turf Design Studio,2020)
Public Art & viewing platform
Public Art & Animal habitat
Circulation path & Water experience
ell
Sydney Park Site Plan - NTS
Photo by Ethan Rohloff
Figure 28: Sydney Park - Key characteristic and spatial experience diagram. (Turf Design Studio, 2020, Zheng, 2020)
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pb
Biodiversity and accessibility
Integration of water system and human activities
(Turf Design Studio,2020)
n
Barwon Park
Typical Cut & Fill section 01 NTS Contaminated fill
Repaid urbanisation + Climate change
2
5
Constructed wetland Pathway network Munni Channel Bioretention & native species GPT Water flows Water reuse Extent of works
To enhance the social experience in Sydney Park, the amenity of park is designed to become more attractive and appeal to its user from a multi-dimension perspective, such as native vegetation, terraced landscape, variation in spatial design, educational art installation and well-maintenance etc. The flows, sounds and smells of the water create a sensory experience to the visitors. This has strongly emphasis and expresses the water story and themes throughout the park. A circulation hierarchy pathway network and a series of open spaces were designed to provide user with water experience during secondary contact and social interaction opportunities. The design of Sydney Park wetlands has provide a great example of using adaptation WSUD design approach to manage the stormwater onsite and integrate with human activities.
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Avenue Weiguo Suitable planting
PH 6-8
2 5
Brownfield Saline-alkali soil
8
Polluted
Let nature work
Provide nice aesthetic place to users
(Turenscape,2009)
14 15
18 21
Adaptive vegetation in wetlands Design concepts
Pan
Qiaoyuan Wetland Park Site Plan - NTS
Circulation boardwalk
Social gathering space
n sha
ad
Ro
Constructed wetland Pathway network Social interaction Lookout platform Water flows
Photo by Turenscape
Figure 29: Qiaoyuan Wetland Park - Key characteristic and spatial experience diagram. (Turenscape, 2009, Zheng, 2020)
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16
13
(Turenscape, 2009)
The play & observation space
The wetland & observation space
20
12
17
19
9
Sponge City
Community
Viewing and rest platform
d orth Roa
Repaid urbanisation + Climate
10
1
3 7
6
11
Kunlun N
Typical long section NTS
4
oad han R Tians
22 ha
PH 4-9 PH 6-8 PH 5.5-7 PH 6.5-8 PH 6-8 PH 5.5-6 PH 7.5-8.5 PH 6.5-7.5 PH 7.5-8.5
Extent of works
Under the design concept of “let nature work” (Turenscape, 2009),the implementation of ‘Cut and fill’ strategy for creating constructed wetlands in order to capture and filtered the acid stormwater runoff, simulating the nature process of the stormwater life circle,as well as providing the sustainable education purpose to park users. Some of the twenty-one constructed wetlands are completely dry and planted with native vegetation; some of the wetlands contain water and use native vegetation to enhance the water quality. A series of outdoor recreational spaces with varies materials (red asphalt, timber deck, concrete paving etc.) and accessible footpath, boardwalk and viewing platforms; A continues neat pedestrian boardwalk has been designed to connect each of the wetlands for providing access. These enclosure and defined spaces generate varies spatial experience to park users from different dimensions. The design strategies of Qiaoyuan have revealed the design frameworks of “Cues to care”(Nassauer, 1995) and “Spatial Practice” (Herrington, 2017a) in many ways. The regenerative landscape and educational signs in the park helps to accomplish the environmental benefits.
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Ecological degradation
125 ha
Recreational urban park with educational value for water & social interaction
Floodable park/ Flooding adaptive Varies of planting species Constructed wetlands
Repaid urbanisation + Climate change
Flooding Polluted water
iver
Constructed wetland to collect/cleaning/ reuse stormwater runoff and waste water
R Wei
Loss of rural landscape
Biodiversity Restoration
Integrated green infrastructure
(Landezine,2019)
(Landezine,2019)
Viewing and rest platform
The water play space
The wetlands & Social gathering
Native bird habitats
Circulation boardwalk
The design has reserved the rural landscape spatial experience in order to differentiate the natural riparian area to the urban space. This design strategy is not only to retain the genius loci of this place, but also reserve the existing ecosystem and environmental characteristic of existing site. A numbers of gathering spaces have been constructed for social interaction and activities. The treated waste water goes through the wetlands enable the water play for children to explore and embrace the natural environment.
Photo by Yueyan JIN, Bo LUAN, Fang LI
Figure 30: Weiliu Wetland Park - Key characteristic and spatial experience diagram. (Landezine, 2019, Zheng, 2020)
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Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Opportunities and constraints analysis Extend of works
er
m
m Su
Opportunity Sun path
er
t in W
Potential for additional accessible entry Potential for accessible elevated spaces Potential for public access ground level spaces Potential for water movement Potential for additional wetlands for storage Potential for bioretention areas Potential for regenerative landscape Potential for additional water harvesting catchment Potential for water features as focal point Potential for educational public art installation Increasing of population
Constraints Unstable geographical character Irregular rainfall pattern Frogs habitat Strong wind
The Opportunity and constranits map is produced based on the outcome of previous site analysis. This provide some guidence on what potential design opportunity and strateties could tested and applied in the next concept design stage by using the proposed design theoritical frameworks. N
Figure 31: Opportunity and constraints at Brickpit map 29 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
The aim is to sought out the most suitable design solutions to brickpit and its surrounding area in order to achieving collect/ treat/store/reuse more stormwater runoff, better social experience and environmental benefits in this design project.
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
05 METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
The overview of proposed design methods and its precedents
30 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Methods and techniques. The proposed design methods to test the proposed design concept are plan mapping, landscape sections and photo montages. The aim of this testing is to use these methods to analyse the proposed design and determine whether it will enhance the social experience and environmental benefits to the subject site or it will need to be amended to achieve the desired outcome. Why do I need three methods to test the proposed concept at Brickpit? Firstly, the key components of the design will be stormwater management system, social experience and it’s following environmental benefits. In order to design the stormwater system, it is very important to understand how water flows and what direction it flows so that the designed landscape can capture and treat the stormwater runoff efficiently. Section is a useful technique to test the water levels and landform changes in this case to test how the water flows, as well as to understand some of the landscape design elements in relation to its surrounding environment; The design is also about enhancing the social experience at Brickpit, the experiential landscape approach is a great method to test the proposed design by using mapping experiential landscape vocabulary on the plan and it has been undertaken previously to analyse landscape project by the researchers; As the human experience can be multi-dimensional and the complexity level changes at Brickpit, the photo montages are considering useful techniques for designer to understand the spatial design and how the human experience will be after the proposed design get constructed. After this step, the analysis will be undertaken to assess whether the design need to be amended to achieve the desired outcome .
Precedent project 1
Research project: Experiential Landscape as a Tool to Enhance Behavioral Response of users in Urban Parks Case Study of Al-Azhar Park In this precedent, the researcher has utilised the Experiential landscape as tool to examine human experience at an urban park to inform whether the design can be enhance to achieve better user experience of this park. The technique that was used is the experiential vocabulary and plan mapping, refer Figure 32 (Nassar, 2010). The reason being the experiential landscape approach is often being used in the design to provide positive spatial experience in a landscape project, the researcher has reversed the process and use it as a tool to examine the space in order to inform the design changes. It is crucial way to advise the design based on relevant design approach and/or theoriesas academic support. Therefore, this method is considered useful for testing the proposed design at Brickpit.
31 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Figure 32: Experiential landscape analysis precedents 1 (Nassar, 2010)
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Precedent project 2
Copenhagen Strategic Flood Masterplan- Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl The precedent project has the similarity in stormwater management in relation to the scope of works at the Brickpit. The designer has utilised sections, section elevations, photo montages and bird views to demonstrate the level changes in landform and the methods to manage stormwater runoff in the flooding event. Refer Figure 33 (Dreiseitl, 2015). The reason being that the before and after montages express clearly how the floodable landscape will change in varies weather scenarios; the sections demonstrate the water and landform changes efficiently. As the flooding event may not apply to the Brickpit at SOP, therefore, photo montages and sections are considered relevant for testing the proposed design at Brickpit.
Figure 33: Experiential landscape analysis precedents 2 (Dreiseitl, 2015) 32 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
06 DESIGN TESTING
Testing the design methods at the subject site - Brickpit SOP
33 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Design Principles Design Principle 3:
Design Principle 1:
Design Principle 2:
Provide addtional wetlands and bioretention stormwater management system in the brickpit to capture, treat and store the harvested stormwater runoff. Continue the reuse
Provide multi-dimensional spatial and sensory design to enhance the social experience in the Brickpit.
Provide additional habitat for water birds and protect existing frog habitat to enhance the environmental benefits in the Brickpit.
of water narrative at the Brickpit.
Room for water
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Figure 34: Wetlands and bioretention design intent 34 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Figure 35: Spatial Dimension Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Design process and ideas
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Figure 36: System Logic - Proposed WSUD network 35 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Water flow
Street median & raingarden -Typical Boulevarde stormwater runoff collection
Figure 37: Water system typologies Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Landform and wetlands
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Figure 38: Proposed Wetland networks 36 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
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Figure 39: Proposed landform and defined wetlands typologies Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Boardwalk structure
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Figure 40: Proposed Elevated Boardwalk 37 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
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Elevated path structure with glass surface
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Elevated path structure with arbour structure
Figure 41: Proposed Boardwalk Typologies Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Planting strategies - Spatial, Instrumental and sensory
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38 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Semi-dry wetland - Semi inundation
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Sensory planting species
Figure 43: Proposed Planting Typologies & species
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Landscape Master plan
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Figure 44: Proposed Landscaepe Master Plan Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Experiential landscape testing mapping
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40 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
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Figure 46: Experiential landscape testing - Transition
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
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41 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
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Figure 48: Experiential landscape testing - Area
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
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Figure 49: Conclusion diagram of experiential landscape at Brickpit 42 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Photomontages testing
Experiential Landscape Assessment Chart 1
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Figure 50: Proposed Photomontage testing 1 43 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Experiential Landscape Assessment Chart 1
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Figure 51: Proposed Photomontage testing 2 44 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
DRAFT
Place holders
- montages
Figure 52: Proposed Photomontage testing 3 45 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
DRAFT
Place holders
- montages
Figure 53: Proposed Photomontage testing 4 46 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
07 Design Research Findings Synthesis and findings
47 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Illustrative Landscape Master plan
DRAFT
48 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Place holders
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Illustrative Landscape Sections
DRAFT
49 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Place holders
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Illustrative Landscape renders
DRAFT
50 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Place holders
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Bird views
DRAFT
Figure 57 tbc: Proposed brickpit bird view 51 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
Future implementation
DRAFT
52 Landscape WSUD at Brickpit, SOP
Place holders Potential opportunity for future implementation to the Greater Sydney Area
Interim Design Research Report by Lei Zheng
REFERENCE LIST AECOM, 2010. Parramatta River Estuary Processes Study. AUTHORITY, M. D. B. 2016. The triple bottom line framework. In: GOVERNMENT, A. (ed.). Murray‒Darling Basin Authority. AUTHORITY, S. O. P. Water Catchment [Online]. Sydney. Available: https://www.sopa.nsw.gov.au/environment/water-and-catchments [Accessed 01.08.20 2020]. AUTHORITY, S. O. P. 2006. Urban Water Reuse & integrated water management. In: AUTHORITY, S. O. P. (ed.). Sydney. AUTHORITY, S. O. P. 2020. Sydney Olympic Park Education Standard Teacher Resource Kit 2020. In: AUTHORITY, S. O. P. (ed.). Sydney. BUYS, K. O. D. F. C. L. 2015. Renewable energy distribution in public space: analysing the case of Ballast Point Park in Sydney. Journal of Landscape Architecture, 10, 18-31. C.RADCLIFFE, J. 2019. History of Water Sensitive Urban Design/Low Impact Development Adoption in Australia and Internationally. Approaches to Water Sensitive Urban Design. COASTAL RISK. 2020. Sydney Olympic Park Flooding risk [Online]. Coastal risk. Available: http://coastalrisk.com.au/viewer [Accessed 08, march 2020]. CULLEN, G. 1961. Townscape, New York, Reinhold Pub. Corp. DREISEITL, R. S. 2015. Copenhagen Strategic Flood Masterplan. Landezine. GHD 1999. Homebush Bay Catchment Stormwater Management Plan. FRANCIS, M. 2001. A case study method for landscape architecture. Landscape Journal. FLOMS, 2020. Term 1 2020 Landscape Studio 5 group work. H.CHAPMAN 2005. WRAMS, sustainable water recycling. Elsevier. HERRINGTON, S. 2017a. Spatial Practice. Landscape Theory in Design. New York: New York, NY : Routledge. HERRINGTON, S. 2017b. System Logic. Landscape Theory in Design. New York: New York, NY : Routledge. LANDEZINE 2019. Weiliu Wetland Park by Yifang Ecoscape. Landezine. LISTOWSKI, A. 2014. Innovative Recycles Water Scheme – Challenges and Opportunities [Online]. Available: https://www.awa.asn.au/documents/Innovative%20Recycles%20Water%20Scheme%20 %E2%80%93%20Challenges%20and%20Opportunities.pdf [Accessed 01.08.20 2020]. MCHARG, I. L. & HISTORY, A. M. O. N. 1969. Design with nature, American Museum of Natural History New York. METEOROLOGY, A. G. B. O. 2020. Monthly rainfall Sydney Olympic Park. NASSAR, U. A. 2010. Experiential Landscape as a Tool to Enhance Behavioral Response of users in Urban Parks - Case Study of Al-Azhar Park. ResearchGate, 15. NASSAUER, J. I. 1995. Messy Ecosystems, Orderly Frames. Landscape Journal, 14, 161-170. PARK, S. O. 2018 Review. Sydney Olympic Park Master Plan 2030. In: AUTHORITY, S. O. P. (ed.). Sydney. POLICY, S. O. P. A. 2016. Stormwater Management and Water Sensitive Urban Design. In: AUTHORITY, S. O. P. (ed.). Sydney. SIMKINS, K. T. I. 2007. Experiential Landscape: An approach to people, place and space, New York, Routledge. TURENSCAPE. 2009. Tianjin Qiaoyuan Wetland Park [Online]. Available: https://www.turenscape.com/en/project/detail/339.html [Accessed 23.03.20 2020]. TURF DESIGN STUDIO. 2020. Sydney Park Water Re-use Project [Online]. Available: http://turfdesign.com/sydney-park-water-re-use-project/ [Accessed 23.03.20 2020]. ZHENG, L. 2020. Illustrated Design Research Proposal.
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