Interconnecting Gouda PT 2 (Master Thesis - Urbanism, TU Delft)

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CHAPTER 4

VISION

The issues regarding the spatial integration of Gouda could be summarized into four main problems. Firstly Gouda is lacking public spatial structures in east-west direction, secondly in the northern half of the city there is no relation with the surrounding water at all, thirdly the western peripheral area is only accessible by functional systems and fourthly there are many example where spatial structures are not synergized with each other at all. How to this conclusions has been come could be read in more detail in chapter 3. But these four issues can on their turn also be translated to four spatial goals for the city. Four requirements for an urban vision Gouda, that need to be achieved when Gouda wishes to be better integrated with its surroundings: Gouda needs a new spatial connection in east-west direction. The relation with the water needs to be strengthened. There is a necessity for a better public spatial embedded peripheral area There needs to be a better collaboration between the spatial structures in the city. How these four goals are converted into new spatial configurations will be explained in this chapter.

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

A NEW SPATIAL CONNECTION IN EAST-WEST DIRECTION

4.1 A NEW SPATIAL CONNECTION IN EAST-west direction The largest part of the new spatial connection in east-west direction are segments of green structures and lintweg structures which are already present, but currently not connected with each other. Fragmented patches and dead endings corridors have been merged with each other to a coherent spatial network. This route will described at the following paragraphs, starting at the most western component and ending in the eastern section. ZUIDPLASPOLDER In the already existing plans from the municipality of Zuidplas and the province of Zuid-Holland there is envisioned a largely scaled spatial framework in the Zuidplaspolder. One of the components of this framework is the ‘Groene Waterparel’. This landscape park is planned to be opened in 2020 and includes a cycling road going from Rotterdam to the Boogpark (Province of South-Holland, 2013). The new spatial connection that is proposed in this graduation project is going to ‘plug in’ on these developments, extending the spatial green structure and the cycling road further towards the east. Eventually this route is reaching the Oostpolder. At the stepping stone between the Zuidplaspolder and the Oostpolder there has been a train station envisioned by several policy documents. This development is currently on the agenda for the longer term of ten years (regio Midden-Holland, 2016). The spatial connection of Gouda is going take advantage of this project, as a function like this attracts people from longer distances. It will use the construction of the station (maybe with some modifications) to cross the ring canal of the Zuidplaspolder into the Oostpolder. OOSTPOLDER In the Oostpolder the east-west route will use the dike body of the light-rail Gouda-Alphen a/d Rijn to go more towards the east. As explained in chapter 3.2 this dike body is much wider than needed because in the past there was more than only one railway-track, so a new cycling- and pedestrian road could fit easily next to it. At several point there will be entry ways into the areas of ‘t Weegje and Wilhelminakade. Making these landscapes more accessible and to link-up with the spatial structures going from south to north. Following the dike body of the light-rail, the route will eventually reach the Gouwe. Because the cyclingand pedestrian road is already at a certain height, it will be less complicated to cross the river. However, a modification of the current railway bridge or an entire new one is needed. The investment to cross the Gouwe is one of the most essential new links of the east-west connection. Without it, the northern part of Gouda will never be proper integrated with the western environments. GOUDSE POORT At a certain moment the route will descend to ground level, going off the dike-body and make a turn towards the north, into the working district of Goudse Poort. This direction change is needed be-

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Boogpark

ZUIDPLASPOLDER

Groene Waterparel


The east-west connection that integrates Gouda with its surroundings

Shopping mall

Bloemendaalseweg

Groenhovenbad

GOUDSE POORT

B

g. ur

v.

Re

e

n ne

sin

ge

Breevaart

BLOEMENDAAL Kamperfoeliepad

REEUWIJKSE PLASSEN

PLASWIJCK

l

Groenhovenpark

Wilhelminakade

‘t Weegje

Burg.

Jame

ssing

el

Go uw e

Station Gouweknoop

OOSTPOLDER

2 KM

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A NEW SPATIAL CONNECTION IN EAST-WEST DIRECTION

cause the building plots in this area are structured this way and otherwise it would be very difficult to go through and interweave these urban structures. The route will be connected to the the Burgemeester Jamessingel, cross this motor way structure and reach an office building section of Goudse Poort. This open section of the Goudse Poort is currently owned by the municipality, so it is much easier to plan a new spatial structure through it, without changing properties. There is also no need to demolish buildings. After a while the route will reach the Burgemeester van Reenensingel. To cross and interconnect this motor way structure, a spatial modification is needed. For this there could be referred to other crossings of the Burgemeester van Reenensingel that can be found more towards the east, where there is a green ‘isle’ in the middle of the motor road. Now the route has reached a small group of buildings which were first spatially very isolated. At very short term there are planned two well-known restaurant chains in this area (De Krant van Gouda, 2016). These crowd pullers should be interlinked with the route to accommodate more movements.

BLOEMENDAAL Now the route as reached the green patch of Groenhovenpark and will join several pedestrian- and cycle paths which are already there. Taking a slight turn towards the east, the main route will now be charging towards the Groenhovenbad, the swimming pool of Gouda. This recognizable landmark can visually strengthen the route but also stimulate more movements. In between the Groenhovenbad and the park of Kamperfoeliepad a new spatial link will be outlined. In the current situation there is enough space for that, but a road missing (see fig. 4.1.a). This new link results into that the Kamperfoeliepad and the Bloemendaalseweg will now also part of the largely scaled east-west connection, making the neighbourhood of Bloemendaal is now interweaved with a largely spatial structure going to the west. Maybe a small modification of the park is needed to make it more comfortable to cycle here, as in the current situation the road goes straight along some rowhouses.

fig. 4.1.a: current situation in between the Groenhovenbad and Kamperfoeliepad.

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Bentwoud

Lake Area

W’veen

Green Heart Gouda

Zuidplas

Rottewig

R’dam Green Heart

PLASWIJCK The route has now reached the Bloemendaalseweg and the ambition is to extend it further towards the east into the neighbourhood of Plaswijck. As explained in chapter 3, the current spatial structure of Plaswijck is very introverted and has no clear routes towards the Bloemendaalseweg, so a new spatial connection is needed. This is done by extending a ‘branch’ of the Plaswijck green structure towards the Bloemendaalseweg, accompanied with a new cycle- and pedestrian road. For this intervention it is needed to partly change the properties of one or more plots along the Bloemendaalseweg. Because the public spatial system is already quite coherent in Plaswijck, not that much has to be done in this neighbourhood to accommodate qualitative routes in east-west direction. However, at some locations, mostly around the motor way crossings, a modification is needed to make the route more recognizable for people outside the neighbourhood.

At larger scale this east-west connection is extending the metropolitan green structure. Interlinking the green heart with the Bentwoud and Rottewig.

modification one or more properties along the Breevaart need to be (partly) bought by the municipality, but it is the only way to ‘free’ Plaswijck and connect it with the attractive lake area of Reeuwijkse Plassen. Accompanied by one or two small bridges (as the water traffic on the Breevaart is very small scaled), the route will join the largely scaled lintweg network of the Reeuwijkse Plassen, ultimately leading to that there is now a public spatial structure in east-west direction connecting Gouda with its surroundings.

Interventions that need to be done in Plaswijck.

To also connect the lake area of the Reeuwijkse Plassen with this spatial system, some branches of the Plaswijck green structure are going to be extended towards east. For this

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

A STRENGHTENING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CITY AND WATER

4.2 A STRENGHTENING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CITY AND WATER The current relation between the northern half of Gouda with the surrounding water is very weak. Making it quite an obstacle to integrate the city better with its environment. To strengthen the relationship, this graduation project will propose some changes within the neighbourhood of Plaswijck and the working district of Goudse Poort. GOUDSE POORT This project will propose a new cycling- and pedestrian bridge across the Gouwe as could be read in chapter 4.1. As a result it will bring a lot of people more closely towards the water. This proposal however will also be accompanied by a large transformation of the eastern riverbank. Currently this riverbank is

not accessible by foot or per bike. As directly along the water is a busy motor way structure (Nieuwe Gouwe O.Z). The proposal is to shift this road a few meters away from the water to give room for a new spatial structure for cyclists and pedestrians. This results into an attractive staying place were people can spend their free time along the water and for example watch boats and eat lunch. At the same time this structure can be used by cyclists travelling larger distances without cars blocking the view from the Gouwe.

Water interventions in Plaswijck and Goudse Poort.

Reeu w Plas ijkse sen

Breevaart

PLASWIJCK

GOUDSE POORT

Gou

we

Bridge

Gou we 2 KM

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At some point the new structure along the water has some entry ways going into the Goudse Poort. This will lead to that people can go more easily to the water during their lunch break, but also that the atmosphere of the Gouwe is better noticeable in the working district itself, making it more interesting than other business areas.

link 2

link 1

PLASWIJCK Plaswijck has currently a very coherent waterway structure of ditches and ponds, but this system is not connected with the canal of the Breevaart and the lakes of Reeuwijkse Plassen. With only two modifications these systems could be interlinked with each other. The first modification could be done at the same location where one of the green structure ‘branches’ was already extended (see 4.1). A small canal or ditch with a bridge for the Bodegraafsestraatweg can link the Breevaart with a large part of the waterway system of Plaswijck. It might be that this new connection needs to paired with a lock, as Plaswijck in a different polder situated (polder Bloemendaal) then the Breevaart (polder Reeuwijk & Sluipwijk). But the water levels are the same, so it should not cost much space.

To Alphen

a/d Rijn, A’dam

However, a second water connection is needed when wishing to reach the inner parts of Plaswijck. This connection is proposed at a point where there is already a crossing for pedestrians and cyclists, and has enough free space for some extra water. This transformation could be accompanied with a nice iconic bridge of the Plaswijckweg crossing the water.

A better relation with the water also makes the larger region more accessible.

W’veen Gouda

, art He n e ht Gre To Utrec

Zuidplas

To Do R’dam rdr ec , ht

R’dam

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

EMBEDDING THE PERIPHERAL AREA INTO THE PUBLIC SPATIAL NETWORK

4.3 EMBEDDING THE PERIPHERAL AREA INTO THE PUBLIC SPATIAL NETWORK W’veen centre

station swimming pool Gouweplein

shopping mall

W’VEEN ZUIDPLAS

WADDINXVEEN

GoStores

station

Goudse Poort

high schools

NIeuwe Park Gouwepark

station

Gouweknoop ZUIDPLAS

WESTERGOUWE

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The amount of commercial- and social functions is rapidly increasing in the peripheral area. However these are not that easy to reach per bike or by foot. This vision is trying to make these areas more attractive to reach. Making the edges of the city just as important as the inner areas. The east-west route proposed in 4.1 make the peripheral area already much more easier to reach from Plaswijck, Bloemendaal and the Zuidplaspolder. But there are much more neighbourhoods and nodes that could be better connected to the periphery in between Gouda and the Zuidplaspolder. PLASWIJCK

To strengthen the relation to the south-west there should be a clear and attractive relation with the Winterdijk and Burgemeester Jamessingel. These structures are already strong at themselves, but are in their current form not that well integrated with the most western urban areas.

shopping mall

The town of Waddinxveen can be linked through the already existing western dike along the Gouwe.

hospital

station

Gouda city centre

2 KM

Periphery as centrality.

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

INTERWEAVING THE SPATIAL STRUCTURES WITH EACH OTHER

4.4 INTERWEAVING the SPATIAL STRUCTURES WITH EACH OTHER Currently the spatial structures in Gouda, both the public and functional ones, do not have any relation with each other at all. From the motor way structure you have no visual relationship with the green structure or lintweg structures, or the other way around. In the vision this problem is going to be tackled by making it more accessible to shift between travel methods and making more visual relations between certain structures. The largest modification fitting this theme is the transformation of the area around the gas station along the A12. This gas station is currently situated where the spatial structures in between Plaswijck and Polder Bloemendaal are interrupted. The vision will propose a new connection going through this gas station area and under the highway of the A12, making the polder landscape in the north now more accessible for the neighbourhood of Plaswijck. This intervention could also be used as car user, as you can park your car at the gas station and walk directly into the polder landscape (for hiking) or walk 1 kilometer towards the east into the lake area of Reeuwijkse Plassen. Another example of a transformation interweaving spatial structures with each other can be found in the area near the Gouwe. Here, a parking garage or parking zone could be made at the eastern side of the Gouwe. After people park their car here, they can walk across the bridge to the green area of the Oostpolder. Where they for example can walk their dog or do some jogging and can go back towards their car. In the current situation it is by car quite difficult to reach the Oostpolder from the eastern side of the Gouwe. This link between Gouda and the Oostpolder could also be strengthened to have more visual relations between the Burgemeester Jamessingel and the recreational area of Wilhelminakade, at the other side of the Gouwe. To achieve this, some shrubbery need to be cut down along the eastern riverbank.

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WADDINXVEEN


A1

2

REEUWIJK POLDER BLOEMENDAAL

gas station

REEUWIJKSE PLASSEN

BLOEMENDAAL

Gouwe visual relation

GOUDA

2 KM

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

TOTAL VISION MAP

4.5 TOTAL VISION MAP

ALPHEN A/D RIJN

W’VEEN

GoStores

GOU W

E

E GJ

EE

‘T

W

ER

LD

O TP OS

O

WESTERGOUWE

R’DAM NESSELANDE

2 KM


REEUWIJK

W’VEEN

N

REEUWIJK

REE

UW PL A IJKSE SSE N

BREEVAART

tre en gc n i p op sh

ing swimlm poo GOUDA CENTRE

high s chools city hall

cinem a

GOUDA CENTRE

station

high schools

GOUDA CENTRE

R’DAM

LEGEND CONNECTING

CHANCES FOR NEW DEVELOPMENTS

THE FIVE SPATIAL STRUCTURES

EXISTING SPACE

cycle + pedestrian path

spatial node of Goudse Poort

‘lintweg’ structure

open space

pedestrian path

extroverted Plaswijck

waterway structure

built space

route for light water traffic

plot for new developments

train structure

planned developments (<2030)

amenities at city/regional scale

periphery, ‘new midpoints’ of urbanity

motorway structure

planned devellopments (2030>)

green structure


CHAPTER 4: VISION

ELABORATION: NODE GOUDSE POORT

Location


4.6 elaboration: NODE GOUDSE POORT The next pages of this graduation report will show an example elaboration of the vision in the area of Goudse Poort. This will be presented in a slide-like manner and includes hand drawn maps, sections and impressions. Firstly a quick-scan will be shown with the current weaknesses and opportunities of the area. The conclusions of this quick-scan are similar as the conclusions from chapter 3.4, but are now shown at a more smaller scale. After this quick research there will be linked to some of the main goals of the vision. So shall be presented that this area should have a better relation with the water, needs to include an eastwest connection and is also part of the periphery, why it should be better embedded into the public spatial network. Then, starting at page 107, all the components of the new spatial framework will be step for step introduced with a small explanation. Ultimately ending with a total view of the elaboration with some artist impressions.

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

ELABORATION: NODE GOUDSE POORT

A) QUICK-SCAN WEAKNESSES, VACANCY

2

5600 m

5750 m 2

3900 m 2

5575 m 2

Lots of vacancy!

100% vacant 33%-99% vacant

WEAKNESSES, ONLY CONNECTED TO MOTORWAY structure

backside ‘island’

Go ud se

Po or t

access

Nieu we Gou we O.Z.

Burg. v. Reenensingel

Burg. Jamessing el

d’ ‘islan

backside

access high level access-way entrances + parking lots

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‘island’

Nieuwe Gouwe O.Z.

backside

access


CHAPTER 4: VISION

ELABORATION: NODE GOUDSE POORT

WEAKNESSES, UNATTRACTIVE BIKE ROUTE

Plaswijck

start

Ouwe Gouwe

Goudse Poort start

end poin t

bike route motor way structure traffic lights

WEAKNESSES, DETOUR WHEN CYCLING WEST

Bloemendaal

start

oint endp

Wilhelminakade

bike route motor way structure traffic lights


CHAPTER 4: VISION

ELABORATION: NODE GOUDSE POORT

OPPORTUNITIES, NEW KIND OF AMENITIES ARE POPPING UP

large scale retailers shopping leisure & restaurants public & culture

OPPORTUNITIES, (FRAGMENTS OF) SPATIAL STRUCTURES NEARBY

Kamperfoeliepad

Groenhovenpark Nieuw e Gou we

e Gouw

Wilhelminakade

‘t Weegje Winterd ijk

cycle routes ‘lintweg’ structure waterway structure green structure

nweg tse Vee M’drech

Broekweg


OPPORTUNITIES, DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WEST Shopping mall Gouweplein

iangel: W’veen Trlings el 2.900 dw

ord Distripark A12-No

Gouweknoop

Gouwe Park

train station

Gouweknoop: Municipality Zuidplas:

1.000+ dwellings

polderpark

10.000+ dwellings

Westergouwe:

football

3.750 dwellings

new residential area new working area new park

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

ELABORATION: NODE GOUDSE POORT

B) LINK WITH THE VISION I. A SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP WITH THE WATER

GOUDSE poort

Gouda

II. A EAST TO WEST CONNECTION

GOUDSE poort

Gouda

III. BETTER INTEGRATION OF THE PERIPHERY

Gouda

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C) A NEW FRAMEWORK step 1

ATTRACTIVE CYCLE ROUTE FROM EAST TO WEST Plaswijck

Groenhovenbad

altering the Burg. v. Reenen singel

using the old/new bridge

Zuidplaspolde r

step 2

opportunities for the eastern riverbank

attractive public space at riverside

plots for commercial// residential working

elevated ‘street’ along railway side

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

ELABORATION: NODE GOUDSE POORT

TRANSFORMATION OF RAILWAY DIKE old situation

section location

NEW situation

ELEVATED 'STREET' along the railway & its relation with other structures Overview

Bridge OVER motorway nieuwe gouwe o.z. section location

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TRANSFORMATION OF space through working area old situation

section location

NEW situation

PEDESTRIAN SLOPE TO RIVERSIDE

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

ELABORATION: NODE GOUDSE POORT

step 3

OPPORTUNITIES FOR WESTERN RIVERBANK

recreational zone

pedestrian path to Wilhelminakade to cycling pathkade Wilhelmina

step 4

CONNECTING THE AXIS OF THE BURG. JAMESSINGEL

visual relation qualitative entry of Gouda

plinths toward s the Burg. Jamessin gel

Winterdijk

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step 5

GIVING THE ROUTE ALONG THE GOUWE NEW QUALITY W’veen-Noord W’veen-Zuid spatial relation/ pedestrian paths to the Gouwe

cycling/pedestrian path directlly along the Gouwe

attractive public space

Nieuwe Gouwe O.Z.

TRANSFORMATION OF DIKE ALONG THE GOUWE old situation

section location

NEW situation

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CHAPTER 4: VISION

ELABORATION: NODE GOUDSE POORT

ARTIST IMPRESSIONS View 1: the modified cycle bridge seen from the eastern riverbank

View 2: thenew route atop of the dike-body of the light-rail (+ suggestion for buildings along it)

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TOTAL VIEW OF THE FRAMEWORK

BLOEMENDAAL

Bloemendaal + Plaswijck

ad ep eli o rf pe m Ka

Waddinxveen

Swimming Pool

GOUDSE POORT

Gouw e Cycli ng/p edet rian

rout e alo ng G ouw e

Burg. v. Reenensingel

GOUDSE POORT

Wilhelminakade View 1

View 2 light-rail line

Burg . Jam essin gel

e Bridg

‘T WEEGJE es train lin

W int er dij k

NIEUWE PARK Korte Akkeren

Zuidplas + Westergouwe

OOSTPOLDER

Gouda center



CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATION

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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSIONS

5.1 CONCLUSIONS The conflict between the current society and in what way our cities are built was the starting point of this graduation project. This topic became very clear in the city of Gouda, a city were its spatial network is still too much fixed to the ‘outdated’ nodes and also a city which is lacking a good spatial integration with its surroundings. These aspects could lead to bad consequences for the liveability of Gouda. A new spatial configuration which includes a connection is east-west direction, a better relation with the water, a more accessible periphery and were its spatial structures have a certain synergy with each other could help prevent these problems. The next pages will reflect the proposed vision with the problems stated earlier in this report. Hereafter will follow a short recommendation to how to go further with this end product and what could still be done to lift it to a higher level.

THE ‘TRADITIONAL’ CITY THAT BECAME LESS RELEVANT Chapter 2.1 showed that households are much more mobile and diverse then fifty years ago, leading to that they are less bonded with the neighbourhood and city they live in. They are composing their own ‘city’ from several pieces of urbanity that can be found in a whole larger region. These do not necessarily have to be close to their home, but could also be in a neighbouring town or at the edge of city. But due the polycentric nature of the Randstad and decentralized planning structure, the cities have grown to introverted entities. Cities are hierarchically built around its historical city centres and sub-centres and barrier-like functions, like industry and heavy infrastructure, are kept in the edges. The ‘traditional centres’ are getting less relevant for the daily movements of people. More and more public and commercial functions, like supermarkets, retail stores, restaurants and religious buildings are popping up in the periphery of the city, as these locations are much easier to reach by car from the larger region and the land is cheaper. The introverted neighbourhood, built around a sub-centre, and which is enclosed by buffer areas has gotten outdated. THE LIVEABILITY OF GOUDA IS AT RISK These issues will play a huge role the next coming years for the city of Gouda, as shown in chapter 2.3. Half of this city is built according to these outdated concepts of the city. You have the main centre (the historical city centre) and two sub-centres (shopping malls in Plaswijck and Goverwelle) which are spatially very good integrated into the city. Lintweg structures like the Bloemendaalseweg and green structures like the one in Plaswijck are hierarchically built around these nodes, making it very comfortable for people to go to these areas by bike or per foot. However, the periphery of Gouda and the surrounding landscapes and towns are much harder to reach, as Gouda and its neighbourhoods are orientated towards their inner nodes and their edges are enclosed by heavy infrastructure, large scale business ‘islands’ and impermeable green buffer zones. The only coherent network that integrates the city with its periphery and surroundings is the system of motor ways. Yet, in the periphery of Gouda the amount of social and commercial functions is growing. Also, a huge development is going on in the neighbouring area to the west of Gouda: in the Zuidplaspolder thousands of new dwellings and several ha. of business parks and landscapes are being planned. These developments have already been initiated and their position towards the larger region is much better compared to the neighbourhoods in Gouda.

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The combination of the changed socio-economic context, the introverted urban concept of Gouda and the new developments in the Zuidplaspolder could lead to problems regarding the liveability in the city, as summarized in chapter 2.4: a growing number of amenities is only attractive to reach by car and hard to reach by bike or per foot, the landscape is becoming less accessible and more fragmented while it is only more needed in fast expanding metropolitan region and the developments in the west could compete with the older areas in Gouda, which are much segregated and growing obsolete, leading to high- and middle-class people and companies leaving the city. URBAN VISION VS PROBLEMS To help resolve the issues in Gouda, this report proposes a new spatial configuration for the city. Formed from the results of the research of chapter 3, chapter 4 introduced an urban vision that releases Gouda from its cage and integrates the city with its surrounding urbanity and landscapes. But how does the result of this vision relate with the problems mentioned just earlier chapters? MAKING THE GROWING NUMBER OF AMENITIES IN THE PERIPHERY ALSO REACHABLE BY SLOW TRAFFIC One of the main problems was that a growing number of functions were only accessible by motor ways. Unattractive routes which went along the ‘backsides’ of the city and where public areas or even pedestrian paths were missing. This encouraged more car use when moving to a certain function, leading to problems regarding liveability and sustainability. The new urban configuration solves this problem, because it integrates the peripheral area with new and old public spatial systems. The business park of Goudse Poort is not anymore only connected to the monotonous motor way system, but has now also several routes going through the inner parts of the surroundings neighbourhood. Because these routes go along the front sides of the buildings, are more recognizable and could be used for more activities then only ‘travelling’, it is much more attractive for people to travel by bike or per foot to amenities in the periphery. MAKING THE LANDSCAPE MORE COHERENT AND ACCESSIBLE AGAIN Another problem was that the landscape around Gouda was not accessible enough and only getting more fragmented due developments in the west.


Also this problem will be solved by the proposed vision. The large landscape patch of Oostpolder has in the current situation no relation with parks in the city of Gouda itself. These parks, like the Groenhovenpark and Kamperfoeliepad, are isolated or part of a route leading to a dead end. The new spatial configuration will connect these fragmented areas and will also join the green structure planned in the Zuidplaspolder through a spatial system in Gouda with the lake area of Reeuwijkse Plassen. The landscape is also made more accessible by accommodating some new routes from Gouda. The proposed bridge across the Gouwe towards the Oostpolder and the cycling road through the gas station area of the A12 for example do this. MAKING THE OBSOLETE NEIGHBOURHOODS AND WORKING AREAS UP TO DATE AGAIN The urbanity of the northern half of Gouda is built according urban concepts from the ‘60s and ‘70s. Nowadays these areas are getting obsolete at a fast rate, even strengthened by the fact that nearby (in the Zuidplaspolder) a brand new urban area is being built. These older urban areas, which are the

neighbourhoods of Plaswijck and Bloemendaal and the working district of Goudse Poort, are missing a clear spatial integration with their surroundings. The public spatial system of Plaswijck is only focused around its shopping mall, Bloemendaal only to the Bloemendaalseweg and the Goudse Poort has no public system at all. This make these areas less attractive for people and companies to settle, resulting in them leaving these parts of the city. The proposed spatial configuration will fix these issues. As it strongly integrates these isolated parts of the city with the stronger elements in and around the city. Some of these strong points are nearby landscapes, like the Reeuwijkse Plassen or the Gouwe. Other strong elements are urban areas, like the Groenhovenbad and future developments in the Zuidplaspolder. By integrating these stronger areas with the ‘outdated’ neighbourhoods they will share their qualities with each other. Plaswijck will for example now have a relation with the water and Bloemendaalseweg and the landscapes of Oostpolder and the Gouwe will be better noticeable in Goudse Poort, making it more attractive for companies to settle here.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION To make Gouda better prepared for the future a new spatial configuration is necessary. Without it, large parts the city will lose its attractiveness, resulting in people and companies leaving the city for more fitting alternatives. This new spatial configuration focusses itself at the northern half of the city, where a better spatial integration is most needed. In any case this new system needs to include an attractive slow traffic route in east-west direction, a integration with the Gouwe and Breevaart, an integration with Goudse Poort and good synergy with already existing spatial structures. AND WHAT NOW? This report showed a vision for the city. The next step could be to come with a strategy with how to exactly initiate a spatial configuration like this. Which parties need to do what? Which components of the

vision could be done at shorter term, which at longer term? Unfortunately, due the restricted time of the graduation project these kind of questions could not be answered during the process. Still, they are quite important to give a better idea of what exactly needs to happen in Gouda for a better liveability. One more step that could be done is a more detailed research and design of what should exactly happen at eye level in this spatial system. We now know where these routes need to be situated and what needs to be connected, but how about materialization? What kind of trees need to be planted along the route and what other recognizable elements will lead the people through this new system? A right follow-on could be to also work out these kind of questions. Lifting the plan to a higher level.

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DERKSEN, W. VAN HOORN, A. LÖRZING, S. & TENNEKES, J. 2007. “De staat van de ruimte 2007: Nederland zien veranderen”. Rotterdam: NAi Uitgevers. DRAMSTAD, W.E. OLSON, J.D. & FORMAN, R.T.T. 1996. “Landscape ecology principles in landscape architecture and land-use planning”. Washington: Harvard University Graduate School of Design. GEHL, J. & SVARRE, B. 2013. “How to study Public Life”. Washington: Island Press. HEYNEN, H. 1990. “Fragmentatie in de periferie – de ‘tapijtmetropool’ van Willem-Jan Neutelings”. Archis, 1990-3. KUNSTLER, J.H. 1996. “Home from Nowhere: Remaking Our Everyday World for the 21st Century”. New York: Simon and Schuster. LAEREMANS, C. BRAAKSMA, J. VAN DER PERRE, K. & PAPLAUSKAITE, S.S. 2014. “Expeditie stadsranden, observaties van de stadsrander en zijn habitat”. Den Haag: provincie Zuid-Holland. MONTGOMERY, J. 1998. “Making a city: urbanity, vitality and urban design”. Journal of urban design, 3:1 93-116. MUNICIPALITY OF GOUDA. 1969. “Gouda 2000: een studie over de ontwikkelingsmogelijkheden der Gemeente Gouda”. Gouda: Gemeentebestuur. MUNICIPALITY OF ZUIDPLAS. 2012. “Structuurvisie Zuidplas 2030 – ruimte voor dorps wonen in de Randstad”.

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