Made in Hammersmith by Leona Vitkova

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

00 Introduction

The document sets out an urban design framework for a study area within Hammersmith, West London, in response to the burial of the A4 which previously dominated the area. The project aims to meets the needs of 21st century Hammersmith, building and enhancing the existing community through the construction of several key community spaces to ensure the community lives despite the threat of gentrification from other developers. This projects puts the community first. A trail of spaces have been designed alongside a large allocation of social housing, private housing and office space for small and large businesses alike. A new square is proposed around the Church and Kings Street is also altered to better cater for people. New movement routes have been devised following the burial of the flyover. A movement network is proposed for the study area including the prioritisation of pedestrians, cyclists over vehicular traffic. True consideration will be given to participation in the development process, spurring on community ownership and collaboration, the first steps in building the community. Phasing options are outlined towards the back of the document, aligning with the burial of the A4 road. This document aims to establish a realistic vision for the community of Hammersmith with ample amount of developable area to ensure financial viability. It gives them the tools to thrive and survive the 21st century market, setting a precedent for others to follow.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Group I2(d) Cox, UrbĂĄnek, VĂtkovĂĄ, Xu

1 2 3 4 5 CHANGING CONTEXT

4 NEW SPACES

WITHOUT

MASTERPLAN

SWOT

THE TRAIL

VISION

COMMUNITY USES

CHURCH SQUARE

MEETING SPACES

NEW STREET

KINGS STREET

BUILDING BLOCKS

PRIVATE AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT

WALKING AND CYCLING

BLOCKS

USES

MATERIALS

DELIVERING CHANGE

35 CONCLUSION

COLLABORATION

CONCLUSION

FUNDING

RESOURCES

PHASING

CONTENTS

This section establishes the changing context of Hammersmith, namely the burying of the A4 and presents the proposed transport routes around the area.

CHANGING CONTEXT

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

01 Changing Context

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

The burial of the A4 flyover drastically changes Hammersmith, and provides the opportunity for major change within the urban form. The flyover leaves a gap in Hammersmith, this document will outline our plans to heal the area of its post-war wounds. It dominated the landscape, providing a physical and visual divide between north and south Hammersmith. Our analysis from Part II shows this divide, with residents conjuring several different districts within the small study area. These are Furnival Gardens and nearby residential properties; Kings Street and St Pauls - all of which are divided by major transport infrastructure.

WITHOUT

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

01 Changing Context

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

This document seeks to build on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats presented in Part II - Analysis and looks to establish a long-term vision for the area in line with policies raised in the draft Hammersmith and Fulham Local Plan (2015). Hammersmith is a highly connected area of London, with many major transport nodes which service four underground lines and many bus services. The area is home to a wide variety of people from different socio-economic groups. There are numerous social housing schemes as well as areas of wealth towards the Thames where houses are worth in excess of one million pounds. Overall the rising population of the borough is relatively young and ethnically diverse, however it is expected that there will be a large growth in elderly residents. This is unique and a key strength of Hammersmith and something we look to expand on. Hammersmith is an attractive area for businesses and is now considered one of the most important sub-regional locations in London. The local economy is the sixth best in the country, worth £9bn and employing over 125,000 people within the borough for a mix of small and large firms.

This document seeks to provide Hammersmith the tools to continue to flourish as a community for both local residents and businesses, taking advantage of the connectivity of the area.

SWOT

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

01 Changing Context

STRENGTHS

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

SW O T

Hammersmith is well connected to London by tube, buses and highway. Strong sense of community

Diverse mix of population, including a range of ages and socio-economic groups Accessibility is very good through the core area of Hammersmith, the paths to shopping centre, tube/bus station and parks are well connected.

WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES

THREATS

The Great West Road along with the Flyover which is a huge barrier divides Hammersmith into two parts, separating the park area along the river from the rest of the town.

There is a free space underneath the flyover and the Town Hall which is currently not used. This area could be used for public welfare and as the third place, as it could allow people to move freely without the barriers caused by transport.

With further development also comes threat such as context disruption by using different and incoherent materials or insensitive projects which could harm the area by blocking the permeability, dislocation and destroying genius loci.

Better spatial definition of squares could attract more social activities.

Due to increasing development of huge shopping malls there is a possible threat of increasing the vacancy rates on high street.

The Flyover together with Talgarath Road isolate St. Paul‘s Church from the rest of the town. Administrative buildings often lack details and depth on façades and give impression of wallpaper.

There are also spaces along the King Street which could be developed. This would improve it’s coherence and land value.

Coherence through building materials and building heights creating visually pleasant neighbourhoods.

Congested roads and negative impacts of traffic heavily impede pedestrian movement.

The aspect ratio (width/height) is often attractive for pedestrians in line with Camillo Sitte‘s theory of a good street.

There is lack of third places and green areas or small parks around the core of Hammersmith.

Rearrangement of vehicular routes could provide more spaces for pedestrians. Completion of cycle routes could improve the safety and accessibility of the whole area.

Less accessible paths for disabled people.

Enhancing the dynamic green network into the core area of Hammersmith.

Barely any activities at night in some spaces.

Important transport duty at Hammersmith (A4, District and Piccadilly tube lines) can bring more development opportunities of public or private transportation.

Broadway, King‘s Mall and Lyric Square serve as core location of society activity. Traditional sport of rowing can attract people to the area and help to strengthen local communities, through both regular and temporal events. There are good quality spaces where the seasonal changes take place through the colour and form of the flora along streets and in parks.

The route choice is limited as Broadway to King Street to Hammersmith Creek caused by transport barriers which only allow movement east to west.

New development could congest the town centre and make it less liveable and less pedestrian accessible. Rising crimes and housing prices throughout the nodes of Hammersmith could damage the development of Hammersmith. The routes lacking lighting may let people feel unsafe.

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

01 Changing Context

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

VISION We are placemaking, not gentrifying. The flyover may have gone, but it still leaves a scar on Hammersmith. Through the reforming the urban blocks and the provision and facilitation of community uses and projects, Hammersmith will be healed and the neighbourhood will thrive. We are giving the community the tools to do this through smaller interventions as well as large development for other a mix of uses. OBJECTIVES 1. Provide community facilities to help the neighbourhood grow 2. Reform the urban blocks and improve connections north to south 3. Enhance current squares and devise new spaces 4. Encourage modal shift towards walking and cycling 5. Take advantage of development opportunities 6. Enhance the setting of key buildings PRINCIPLES The vision and objectives help to form the following development principles for the framework: 1. Allow the chance for interaction/ meeting 2. Provide the opportunity for exchange 3. Facilitate the learning of new skills 4. Help people enjoy Hammersmith

MEET

EXCHANGE

LEARN

ENJOY

Spaces for residents and visitors to meet and mix. Hammersmith has such a diverse population which was bisected by the A4. Now residents have the opportunity to mix.

Hammersmith already has a thriving economy, places for exchange aims to capitalise this and provide space for both large corporations and small start-up businesses.

Acquiring, learning and teaching new skills can further help residents of Hammersmith come together. Providing spaces for this is essential in making Hammersmith a community.

Spaces for enjoyment is all encompassing. The final principle will steer development to be enjoyable for the pedestrian, promoting active, beautiful and interesting places to be in.

A NEW VISION

This section outlines a series of new spaces designed to be inclusive for residents and visitors alike. They are a combination of public and semi-public spaces.

NEW SPACES

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

The masterplan sets out the principles of urban structure, (i.e. the framework and the layout of streets and pedestrian routes), and the urban grain, (i.e. the location, arrangement and design of the development blocks, plot arrangement, and green infrastructure). Key features of the masterplan are explained through various graphics and accompanying text over throughout this section and the next. These include: 1. Pedestrian trail through the scheme connecting the new community uses and spaces 2. Public realm scheme for Kings Street including area at front of Town Hall and Nigel Play Avenue 3. New central square around St Paul’s Church 4. New blocks along New Street creating new through routes northsouth 5. New block on King Street allowing connections from Lyric Square to Church Square 6. Mixture of new uses including provision of a large amount of council rented properties 7. Rearrangement of vehicular routes through the area and new route hierarchy

MASTERPLAN

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

3 2 4 6

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

The MADE IN HAMMERSMITH trail connects up nine new community spaces in Hammersmith. It flows Through the use of materials, principally a pavement trail, visitors will follow the route through the proposed new blocks to each of the new facilities. It trails along New Street from Furnival Gardens through to Church Square, two major nodes within Hammersmith.

THE TRAIL

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

A series of new community facilities are proposed and are considered one of the most important aspects of the framework. They will work in conjunction with existing facilities namely the Macbeth Centre and Hammersmith Library to help Hammersmith and it’s residents thrive. As mentioned they are all located along the trail and are described over the next two pages:

Dance area The dance area offers residents and users a place to sit, meet and dance within an urban block. It is known that dancing can play a vital part in the health of the elderly and it is fun!

The Nursery New residential dwellings will need to be supported by adequate childcare facilties. It would be unreasonable to expect the existing facilities to cater for such an increase in population due to increase number of residential dwellings. A new day-centre will be set up within one of the new blocks. Parents will be encouraged to volunteer to work within the centre. It will be at heart of the community and allow children and parents to mix.

Chess Board A large chess board is suggested in the new space along New Street. This will provide people to meet and enjoy themselves in the public space.

Hammersmith Theatre School Hammersmith Apollo is one of the greatest entertainment venues in the United Kingdom and creates a buzz within Hammersmith. A theatre school will educate local residents and hopefully see them grace the stage at the Apollo. The school will have outdoor and indoor performance spaces. The Workshop Running alongside and linking strongly with the Macbeth Centre, an existing adult and learning service located in the area, the workshop will provide more practical study space for existing students and new users. Classes will be held, teaching visitors key skills to enhance their career options.

COMMUNITY USES

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

Hammersmith Urban Farm The urban farm, located in the courtyard of the large block near Furnival Gardens. Given the small size of the space compared to rural farms, and the density of the local population the farm isn’t going to feed all of Hammersmith. However, it will touch a far bigger number. It will teach users about the realities of agriculture, enlighten people as to the environmental impact of farming and teach people to work together, thus improving the community. School of Cooking and Eatery The School of Cookery and Cafe will serve food grown in the farm, adding to the community network in Hammersmith. Ran by local residents, the school will provide cookery masterclasses for all abilities and offer junior chefs the chance to cook for a lively eatery. It will be located on New Street, fronting onto the central square.

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MADE IN HAMMERSMITH Shop The shop is the place where all these uses come together. It has the community running through its veins. It will be ran by the community, for the community, selling products made in the community. Products will range from fruit and vegetables grown in the farm, to objects made in the workshop as well as time vouchers for the nursery or for skills offered by members of the community.

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School play space/football pitch A flexible space with two uses depending on the time of the day. An outdoor play area for St Pauls Primary School during the day, with gates to ensure its safety. Out of school hours, the space is open to the public will be able to a slot to play on the pitch.

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The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

The new Church Square will be the new centre of Hammersmith and the start and end of the trail. It is a large public open space, simple in nature, allowing for activity to naturally unfold. The space also allows flexibility for large public events or markets. It will become the vocal point of community life. Ample benches and street furniture to allow visitors to stay and enjoy the space. The pedestrianised square is lined by shops on the ground floor, with cafes also spilling out onto the square. On the upper floors, there is a large allocation of grade A office space within an easy walking distance of the two underground stations. The construction of a new block will allow for users to walk from Lyric Square over Kings Street to the new square. St Pauls Church will sit proudly in the square, enhancing the setting of this grade II* listed building and its modern extension as well as the grade II listed Bradmore House which will form part of the eastern edge of the square. Both no longer crowded by the vehicular traffic of the A4 flyover or the Broadway roundabout due to their demolition and redirection. A statue or piece of public art is to be created and placed in line with the centre of Bradmore House.

CHURCH SQUARE

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

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The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

Within the large blocks located around Church Square, there will be a series of more corporate style spaces to cater for the large amount of Grade A office space. These space will allow informal meetings to take place and stimulate further business and innovation. They will often have cafés in the ground floor units fronting onto the spaces with offices above.

MEETING SPACES

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

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Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

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02 New Spaces

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

New Street takes the place of the A4 flyover, however that is the one of few similarities. New Street is a small residential street, similar to that of Mall Street or Macbeth Street. It will be quiet and enclosed with a range of different uses spread through the low-rise new street.

statue/piece of public art which will align with the centre of the Town Hall.

The new blocks form an enclosed streets, in keeping with the morphology of the surrounding area. They help create new public spaces along the route, with semi-public spaces behind. These spaces follow the pattern: public (Furnival Gardens); semi-public; public (New Square); semi-public.

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

Crossing points have been proposed to ensure pedestrian safety. Some of these are level crossings, others are raised. These are located at key points along the route for convenience, including outside the Apollo Theatre. Trees will also be used to slow traffic, these will help to change the character of the area for drivers. By reducing a drivers vision, it is possible to reduce their speed. These are also key features in stopping New Street becoming a ‘rat-run’.

New Square, located at a central point along New Street is a new public space with cafe and community shop fronting onto it ensuring active frontages and eyes on the street as Jane Jacobs would wish. From a serial vision perspective, views from the MADE IN HAMMERSMITH trail and its different paving which will suddenly reveal this central enclave. It will be on a raised surface to slow traffic ensuring pedestrian priority and safety and will be of high quality public realm, focussed around a centre piece.

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The street will be tree lined, and as mentioned the priority will be given to pedestrians and cyclists. This will be achieved by wide pavements and sections of raised surfaces.

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The street will end at the Town Hall. Where to the front, there will be another public square, drastically enhancing the setting of the grade II listed building. Again, this will be on a raised surface to ensure safety. The centre piece of the square will be a tre e

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HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

02 New Spaces

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

Kings Street will be transformed into a pedestrian-friendly high street through a comprehensive shared space initiative which will also help to link it with Church Square and New Street. Like the square to the rear of the Town Hall, there will also be one in front of the Town Hall extension. The square will help to book-end the street, with The extension itself will be refurbished allowing the creation of Impact Hub Hammersmith. Demolition of One Kings Street allows for easy pedestrian connections to Church Square. Nigel Play Avenue, which runs to the immediate west of the Town Hall is an important route in connecting Kings Street with New Street. The construction of a new block, in the location of an identified development site from part II will help to create a better, more completed street.

These improvements will ensure that the other proposed developments will not detract from the success of Kings Street, ensuring the survival of the existing high street.

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KINGS STREET

This section establishes the fundamental building blocks for the functionality of the scheme. These include public and private transport; walking and cycling as well as development blocks and the proposed uses, amount of floorspace and chosen materials.

BUILDING BLOCKS

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

03 Building Blocks

The map (left) shows the new vehicular network for Hammersmith. The main traffic now flows around the perimeter of the area, ensuring safety and security for pedestrians within the core. The traffic also now two-way, coming in from the east from Earls Court, running up the side of the Broadway Centre with turning onto Hammersmith Road and Shepards Bush Road before going north-west along the A315, south along Studland Street and out of the area past the Town Hall. It also maintains access to Hammersmith Bus Station. This layout is now possible given the 50% reduction in traffic that will now flow through the area due to the burial of the A4 and the loss of the junction to the A4 itself (London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham Flyover Feasibility Study, 2011). The current road layout can cater for up to 2000 cars an hour, but actually only 900-1000 pass through. It can be expected that 400500 cars or less will pass through the area therefore enabling the road layout to return to two-way traffic. Smaller residential streets will provide access to housing and service access to shops along King Street only. The connectivity of Hammersmith to the rest of London via public transport is one of its key strengths, therefore will not be drastically altered in the design framework. However, the new road network will change the bus routes in and out of the area. Bus stops will now have to be relocated at points outside the core area, but still within an easy walking distance.

PRIVATE AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

03 Building Blocks

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

Through the establishment of good pedestrian routes, it is hoped that walking will become the main method of transport around Hammersmith given the compact nature of the area. Many of the routes follow existing street patterns. The grid like street pattern makes navigation easy for residents and visitors a like. Most of the routes will end at key nodes such the new Church Square and Furvnival Gardens. A walking trail will run through the area, through new blocks and streets connecting the proposed community facilities up and encouraging residents and visitors to follow the trail. Capitalising on the existing cycle network and Santander Bike Stations in the area, the framework aims to further promote cycling as a principal method of transport. The degradation of roads and elimination of main vehicular traffic through the core of the area will make the roads a safer place for cyclists. An increased number of Santander Bike Stations will also encourage residents and visitors to cycle around, in and out of the area. A large amount of cycle parking will also be provided at each underground station, prompting further cycle use. The Legible London wayfinding scheme totems will be dotted around the area at key points. In order to achieve this routes need to be safe, legible and interesting. This spans far beyond the layout itself and includes details such as lighting, wayfinding and different land uses which can attract people to different areas.

WALKING AND CYCLING

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

03 Building Blocks

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

The scale and massing of elements within the framework aids the creation of a high quality built environment. Buildings are formative elements of the public realm, and their scale and massing reinforce the townscape. The scale of development proposed has been designed to sit comfortably within Hammersmith, which following are analysis in Part II is largely varied. Therefore each block is tailored to its immediate surroundings, from two storey blocks near Furnival Gardens gradually upto 6 storeys near the Broadway. By varying building heights, even within the same block, an visually appealing and legible urban form will be created. Taller buildings could be utilised to define key views down key routes, thus creating landmarks within the study area. Gaps within blocks also help to form the MADE IN HAMMERMSMITH trail. Gaps in the facade will show glimpses of some spaces enticing the visitor in, whilst others will be more open. Varying scales compliment the existing character of Hammersmith and allows the scale of buildings to define and enclose key routes, frontages, gateways and spaces effectively and enhance legibility and wayfinding.

BLOCKS

D A

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

03 Building Blocks

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

Community dance floor

Dance floor instead of parking- designed for local people

B Church Square Church square - used large scale paving, no access by cars, new tree alley and wyter ellement as well as new blocks define the space. Used for markets, performances,...

C Community garden Community garden - area surrounded by 3 storey houses. The trail leads between the houses and so it gives more of a rural expresion of the space together with the garden divided to glass houses area, fields, orchard and outter kitchen and seating places

D Corporate spaces 1 consistent block cut through 2 levels by passages which lead the trail from the communities spaces to the church square and king street. Inner courtyard creates urban space occupied by cafes and restaurant

KEY SECTIONS

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

03 Building Blocks

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

The use of these new buildings is arguably the most important part of the framework. The wrong allocation of uses spells gentrification, not placemaking. We are giving Hammersmith the tools to help a community grow. Each new block will house a mixture of different uses across each floor. The ground floor will provide an active frontage onto the streets ensuring passive surveillance. The previously mentioned community uses will play a vital role in ensuring this. We are proposing much of the new floor space will be given over to the community for various activities. Each block will incorporate a community facility tied together by the walking trail and it is hoped that will take ownership of these facilities and help to form social networks within the blocks and across the area. New cafes and retail space will compliment these other uses and thrive off there success. There will be discount rent for independent businesses.

RESIDENTIAL

GROUND FLOOR USES

OFFICE SPACE

COMMUNITY/EDUCATIONAL

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

03 Building Blocks

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

The upper floors will usually be more private and provide much needed office and residential space. We hope to alleviate some of the housing pressure on Hammersmith through the allocation of much residential floorspace. This will be at least 60% social housing which will be managed by Notting Hill Housing Association to ensure the survival and growth of the diverse socio-economic groups within Hammersmith. The rest will be available on the open market on the condition new homes are actually lived in. Both residential types will be completely mixed to avoid the creation of ghettos and promote social inclusion. A mixture of housing types will be provided to cater for all needs. The feasibility study suggests a high desire for housing from local residents. Business uses will also be allocated floor space. Buidling on the existing success of Hammersmith as a commerial centre, the framework aims to attract large and small businesses to the area. Much of the development on the upper floors around the New Church Square will be Grade A office space. It close location to the both underground stations and other businesses will make it an invaluable space for large multinational businesses. Further space will be allocated to small and medium size enterprises. The Town Hall extension will be retained and refurbished forming the new Impact Hub Hammersmith. A place for innovation, collaboration and cheap desk space for start-up businesses. This will also house the new social enterprise. These will all be accessbile by safe walking routes due to the lack of vehicualr traffic through the core of the area. By locating facilities at the different ends of the study area, it will ensure pedestrian traffic and activity along the routes. LEISURE

RETAIL

FACILITIES

UPPER FLOORS USES

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

03 Building Blocks

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

A consistent pallet of materials is essential in establishing the character of the area as a coherent whole. The pictures to the left outline our ideas for Hammersmith. Our design establishes two character areas: rural and urban. Rural being located towards the western end by Furnival Gardens. Urban is located around the new Church Square and Kings Street.

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A distinctive paving trail will help to establish the route of community spaces, in turn linking them together and encouraging users to flow from space to space. Within the courtyard areas, the trails will continue and will often be complimented by areas of grass which will intertwine with the trail as shown to the left. Other paving materials will mainly be large square paving stones

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The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

03 Building Blocks

TREE & BUSH

STREET & BLOCK LIGHTING

BENCH

SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

DISABLED FACILITIES DESIGN

STREET ART

Ash: a large and long life tree. - When it fully grown: • height can up to 35m • 2m diameter • 8m broad. Although trees are pruned every 3-4 years, considering ash is a large tree have big risk for blocking street lighting, therefore are suggesting to plant an ash tree in every 4m away from street lighting.

The original street lighting is redesigned to: • 3 - meter - high solar power honey coloured LED lighting for blocks • 6-meter-high solar power white LED street lighting with lighting bench at the bottom and CCTV on the top.

Additional benches: - 1.3m * 1.3m solar lighting bench for: • streets, roads • small areas, such as Nigal Playfair Ave. - 5 - meter - long and 2 - meter wide lighting bench for: • squares, • inside of blocks • parks, etc.

Water and flood risk must be managed well and sustainably, this has been addressed through:

Currently, there are poor facilities for disabled people, children and the elderly at Hammersmith.

- green roof on the top of our blocks - permeable surfaces

As a part of the framework disabled people, children and the aged can get free vocal sensor loop which they can wear it as a bracelet. The sensor can then tell users how many footsteps to wherever they want to go and where they can safely cross the main roads.

Street art will be installed across the study area to help create a sense of place. These will range in size from statues in the main squares to manhole cover art. An example can be seen below, reflecting Hammersmith’s connecting with rowing.

Snowberry bush: White flower blooms in Spring and white berry forms in Autumn. -It is planned for inside area of blocks as it can grow well at shaded area. • The height and width of it is 1m. • It can survive more than 40 years in the wild.

This design can provide comfortable lighting and can save energy and provide people safe place for seating.

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

Both constructions can soak the water which reduce the flood risk.

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making In Hammersmith, many trees are up to 150 years old. We want to keep these in line with local policy goals regarding trees. We will maintain existing trees and plant more trees (main existing tree species) along the New A4, Hammersmith Bridge Road, A219, Black‘s Road and Hammersmith Creek. Besides, more 4 seasons view shrubs inside of blocks. Davis (2009) recommended that trees should be located at a minimum of 3m away from street lighting. As Horitz (2001) recorded, the main existing tree of Hammersmith is Ash.

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

03 Building Blocks Before

This texture on the right maps presents the existing tree which is Ash.

To avoid the overshading issue, we move some big trees inside of buildings to A219 from broadway to the church square to give a view of green path. Snowberry is planned for inside area of blocks as it can grow well at shaded area. White flower blooms in Spring and white berry forms in Autumn. The height and width of it is 1m. Besides, it can survive more than 40 years in the wild.

The front view (right) shows even when the ash fully grown, the street lighting still won‘t be blocked which ensures good lighting level.

The left view (right) shows when the ash fully grown on the shared space of King‘s street (19m width), the tree won‘t touch surrounded buildings.

After

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

‘Lighting can contribute to: • reducing risks, accidents and crimes; • assisting in the protection of property; • making residents and street users feel secure • Increasing pedestrian activity • enhancing the appearance of the area after dark.‘

• Colour: Arrangements of lighting

(Department of Transport: Manual for Streets, 2007)

•

Key issues of our lighting planning are: • Context: Lighting should be planned as an integral part of the design of the street layout, and in conjunction with the location and anticipated growth of planting. Different type of lighting can cause different effect on efficiency, environment, and human health. In our design, we use LED lighting (Light Emitting Diodes) as it is: 1. high energy efficiency (80%-90%); 2. long lifetime (17 years lifespan with 8 hours per day using); 3. high durable quality (resist to shock, vibration and extreme temperature); 4. ecologically friendly (no toxic material, 100% recyclable); 5. most importantly, human friendly ( zero IR or UV emissions which can extremely damage artwork, fabrics, human exposed skin and eye compared with traditional incandescent, fluorescent, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting. • Lighting intensity: As the road lighting requirements of BS EN 13201-2, Road Lighting-Performance Requirements, luminance of main two way road is 1 cd/ m2, one way road is 0.75 cd/m2, pedestrian way is 0.5 cd/m2. In this case, LED lighting can meet these requirements as its 1 cd/m2 lighting intensity. Besides, avoiding over-lighting as well. • Scale: A good scale of lighting should be more human and intimate, compared with some 3-4 floor level lighting, the solution would be shortening the height of lighting. In our design, we use 3 meters LED block lighting and 6 meters LED street lighting.

colour can have different effects, for example, honey coloured lighting can make people feel happy, and white coloured street lighting makes people feel clear and clean. For this reason, in our design, we apply white LED lighting on the streets and roads, and honey coloured LED lighting inside each block. Energy: As sustainability is a key factor for planning nowadays, we use solar power white LED lighting for Hammersmith which can turn the sunlight into solar power then generate electricity for lighting.

03 Building Blocks

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

1p.m. Hammersmith Shadowing diagrams of Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox (top left), Summer Solstice (middle left) and Winter Solstice (bottom left) show most of time, the inner region are shaded by surrounded buildings, hence, lighting inside blocks and lanes are considered in our design.

Annually sun-path diagram of Hammersmith (left) shows West-East can gain more solar radiation, which means more solar energy. In this case, more solar power street lightings at West-East direction of Hammmesmith are planned. The average solar radiation is about 200W/m2 from the graph (bottom left), that is to say. for a 0.7m*0.5m leaf PV panel of our design, 735kWh electricity can be generated annually by calculation. Those electricity are about 67 days total unadjusted electricity consumption per household in 2014 according to the data from Department of Energy & Climate Change: Energy Consumption in the UK (2015). Therefore, our design can save total energy consumption of Hammersmith and money of course.

It is stated that a standard distance between 60 watts 6-meter-high LED lights is 18m, and for 3-meter-high lights is 9m. Because of West-East sun-path, street lightings at WestEast direction are placed with 18m gap, on the other hand, at other direction, the distance between two street lightings is 9m.

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

Top left symbol presents solar power white coloured LED street lighting with 6m height, and top right symbol presents solar power honey coloured LED street lighting with 3m height. White coloured solar power LED lighting is only applied where are main traffic roads or streets, and wider streets. The distance between two white coloured lightings is 18m. Honey coloured solar power LED lighting is used for narrow areas and community blocks with 8m gap. It can be seen from after map of lighting (right), almost every corner is placed with LED lighting and mainly shaded areas as well. Hence, ensure people feel safe at night wherever they want to go and standard lighting level for activities inside of blocks and squares. Street furniture that encourages human activity can also contribute to a sense of place. The most obvious example of this is bench, people can have a rest on it and have a communication with others. However, according to the statement of Department of Transport: Manual for Streets, benches should be sympathetic to the street design and pedestrian desire lines. Besides, for places with mobility or visual impairments, more benches should be utilized, such as retails, local community council, and squares. Nevertheless, for safety concern, benches should have good lighting function on them as benches with no or poor lighting can attract crime of anti-social behaviour. As it mentioned before, our LED lighting has bench at bottom, hence after map is built on the base map of after lighting map in the previous part: Redesign of Street Lighting. People can sit, relax and have a communication with others in every 9m or 18m by using the lighting bench of LED lighting. This 1.3m * 1.3m bench can allow 4 people to sit. Besides, beacuse it has CCTV and lighting function, human safty is insured.

This symbol represents banches in the area. This design is mainly used on the open spaces, community blocks for bringing people together.

03 Building Blocks

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

This section establishes the future management of the area and the community uses as well as phasing and consultation options. It also examines funding for the scheme.

DELIVERING CHANGE

Given the emphasis placed on community facilities and particularly community-run facilities it is of vital importance for the sustainability of the project to have a solid management system.

A truly community-led regeneration involves the community throughout its development and this project is no different.

Hammersmith is already has a number of successful community groups. Sobus is one key community group, described as a new Community Development Agency for Hammersmith & Fulham created through the merger of Community and Voluntary Sector Association Hammersmith & Fulham (CaVSA) and the Fulham Community Partnership Trust (FCPT). Other groups include Hammersmith Community Gardens. This project hopes to build on the existing success of these groups and to increase their success. Community facilities will therefore be handed over to such groups and managed these groups to ensure their success today and in the future as the community take ownership of the project.

The Flyover Feasibility study has already made some inquests into the potential uses on the site and these have been taken into account. The Hammersmith and Fulham Local Plan also makes some strong suggestions as the redevelopment of the area and the need for such facilities. We feel we have more than met these expectations through our framework.

04 Delivering Change

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

co m

m ovlement in v

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

ity un

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

The community facilities have been suggested through various brainstorming sessions and desk based research. It is hoped that through proper consultation with the community these proposals will be liked. The community will also be able to choose other community facilities if they so wish.

The social housing will be stock transferred over to Notting Hill Housing, a large and successful housing association who are based within the study area. This will safeguarding and delegating homes for people who need them. It is known that housing associations have greater borrowing power than councils, therefore means they have more money for maintenance and repair ensuring the sustainability of the project. These groups will then report to an overarching social enterprises called MADE IN HAMMERSMITH whom will oversee the future management of the study area and will be located in the Impact Hub on Kings Street.

MANAGEMENT THROUGH COLLABORATION

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

04 Delivering Change

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

The burial of the A4 flyover is estimated to cost up to £1.2 billion (Hammersmith and Fulham Council, 2014) and some of this figure needs to be offset by development taking place on the site. The table to the right shows the potential value of the scheme. The total value is estimated to be £484,108,400.00, which will go some-way to offsetting the cost of the flyunder. This has been estimated using new building floorspace and an average of £8,000 per square meter (Zoopla, 2015).

FUNDING

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

04 Delivering Change

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

Our framework will be implemented over different phases; Phase 0, Phase 1 and Phase 2. This is illustrated to the left.

Phase 0:‘tomorrow‘: 0 - 1 year (2015 - 2016) ----Hammersmith Town Hall (number 1 in the map), King‘s mall (2), Lyric Square (3), and place with number 4 on the map are planned for future development after 1 month approbation for the detailed usage plan. For example, what kind of social activities will happen here. -----Blue S shaped symbol as example of number 5 on the map presents our new s shaped lighting bench. All these benches can be applied quickly once the electric wires of the lighting bench is established. ------Pink lines on the phase 0 map are planned for shared space which can be done after 1 year approbation from local transport department. -----Road section (number 7) are planned for two way traffic flow.

PHASING

-----Road sections like number 8 and 9 on the map are planned not to be used as traffic roads.

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

04 Delivering Change

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

Phase 1: 1 - 10 years (2016-2026)

Phase 2: 10-14 years (2026-2030)

-----

Street lighting (solar power LED lighting) are fully applied at our region which only takes 1 year for suggestion from lighting engineer, specific source of solar panel should be chosen. It can be finished by 2016 / 2017.

Blocks below flyover (number 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) are built.

-----Ash trees and snowberry bushes are distributed around Hammersmith after 78 weeks approbation from local planning department. ------Whole shared space are established as pink lines on the map which can be established in 2017. -----Whole two - way traffic paths are fully established as black lines on the map. (Done by 2017) -----Blocks beyond flyover (number 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) are built. Planning, negotiating with local residents, and building will take 5 and a half years. (This included time for any unforeseen circumstances). Block 6 and 7 will take 10 years considering the existing buildings need to be fully demolished. ----demolishing).

Flyover (the road which has number 3 on it) is demolished by 2020. (3 years for negotiating, 1 year for

------Trails between Hammersmith and communities are established. ------For year after 2030, the new blocks will last at least for 50 years, ash can live for more than 150 years, snowberry bushes can live for 40 years. The only thing maybe changed in the future would be: • Lighting sources could be changed to new generation high efficiency lighting. • Old building could be developed after the local residents see the benefits of our design after these years.

CONCLUSION

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

05 Conclusion

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

This document communicates a design framework for Hammersmith in the context of the A4 flyunder. The framework principally proposes a number of new community spaces and facilities and new mixed use blocks made up of residential and commercial use alongside a new transport framework for the area. It is hoped the scheme will be a pioneering project which could be used as an exemplar in how to building on the success of an existing community and provide them with the tools to continue their successes in the future through a mixed-used regeneration project like no other. The proposal would create a new Hammersmith within which residents and visitors could meet, exchange, learn and enjoy.

The Bartlett School of Planning Urban Design: Place Making

HAMMERSMITH Project, part III - Framework

05 Conclusion

Group I2(d) Cox, Urbánek, Vítková, Xu

Applied (N/A) Legible London [online] Available from: http://appliedwayfinding.com/legible-london/ Bristol Pound (2015) The Official Bristol Pound Directory 2015 [online] Available from: http://bristolpound.org/library/Bristol20Pound20Directory20201520for20web.compressed.pdf Carmona, M., Heath, T., Oc, T. and Tiesdell, S. (2003). Public Places, Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design, London: Architectural Press. Grist (2014) Urban farms won’t feed us, but they just might teach us [online] Available from: http://grist.org/food/urban-farms-wont-feed-us-but-they-just-might-teach-us/ Hammersmith Community Gardens (2015) About [online] Available from: http://hcga.org.uk Hammersmith and Fulham Council (2015) Draft Local Plan Hammersmith and Fulham Council (2014) Flyover Feasibility Study Hammersmith and Fulham Council (2015) Adult Learning Services [online] Available from: http://www.hfals.co.uk Hammersmith Today (N/A) Community Forum [online] Available from: http://www.hammersmithtoday.co.uk/ Jacobs, J (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities: The Failure of Modern Town Planning. Peregrine Books, London. Lynch, K (1960) The Image of the City, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press Notting Hill Housing (2015) About Us [online] Available from: http://www.nottinghillhousing.org.uk/about-us Maslow, A (1968) Towards a Psychology of Being. Van Nostrand, New York. Pop Up City (N/A) Pop Up City [online] Available from: http://popupcity.net Sobus (2015) About us [online] Available from: http://www.meandhimclients.co.uk/sobus-dev/about-us/ Street Life (N/A) http://www.streetlife.nl/en Zoopla (2015) Area guide for Hammersmith [online] Avaliable from: http://www.zoopla.co.uk/market/hammersmith/ Department for Communities and Local Government (2007) Manual for Streets [online] Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/manual-for-streets Project for Public Spaces (N/A) Street lights [online] Avaliable from: http://www.pps.org/reference/streetlights/ http://ailiteled.com/Article/nizhidaoyibandeLEDlu_1.html http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=o5dQzSy8mjMYZOJUqITQ_09zr3jdayljUiYobO243W0b93RC8q1WO3EOh-zaeigdn2SnrylxiElyOiU6c5O1aEv-qWRTN07nI7A5py6hmfi https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/449134/ECUK_Chapter_3_-_Domestic_factsheet.pdf Hammersmith and Fulham Council (2007) Street light [online] Available from: http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Images/CMDStreetLight2007_tcm21-111594.pdf https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/idoxWAM/doc/Other-1400796.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=1400796&location=volume2&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1 http://www3.westminster.gov.uk/docstores/publications_store/Planning/Westminsterway/TreeStrategyDRAFTJan10.pdf http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/external/la21/pdf/HFBiodiversityActionPlan.pdf

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