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MAGAZINE
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
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CONTENTS
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
06 01 | Correspondence
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12 What Happened at CCSF? by Allan Fisher, Wynd Kaufmyn, Marcy Rein and Rick Baum
18 The Term ‘Capitalism’ Has Lost Its Radical Edge by Fred Block and The Editors
23 Not Naming Names by Michael Meeropol
29 The Limits of Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis as an Explanation of the Crisis by Thomas I. Palley
33 Listen Keynesians, It’s the System! Response to Palley by John Bellamy Foster and Robert W. McChesney
37 Prophets of the ‘Permanent War Economy’ by Ernest Haberkern
43 A Guaranteed Annual Income Will Not Work by Ken Collier
48 Dual Power in the Venezuelan Revolution by George Ciccariello-Maher
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35 02 | Excerpts 52 American as Apple Pie by Kent A. MacDougall
58 Lula Won! by Maurice Brazin
64 Apartheid South Africa by Jeremy Cronin
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56
72 What Happened at CCSF?
03 | Interview
by Allan Fisher, Wynd Kaufmyn, Marcy Rein and Rick Baum
86 The Term ‘Capitalism’ Has Lost Its Radical Edge
78
by Fred Block and The Editors
86 Not Naming Names by Michael Meeropol
86 The Limits of Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis as an Explanation of the Crisis by Thomas I. Palley
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JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
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Lifestyle
EDITOR’S LETTER
M AGAZI NE
05 FIRST NOTE MONTHLY REVIEW HAS LONG BEEN ON RECORD AS OPPOSED TO THE EXPANSION Nevertheless, we recognize that many scientists, including climatologist James Hansen and our friend, physicist John W. Farley, now see a place for nuclear energy as a kind of last resort, given the dire planetary threat raised by the burning of fossil fuelsmade even more dire by the current shift toward even dirtier, more carbon-emitting fossil fuels, such as lower grades of coal, oil from tar sands, and shale oil. If nuclear power presents great dangers to the human population and the earth, it also cannot be denied that the continuation of “business as usual” with respect to carbon emissions will lead to eventual social, economic, and ecological collapse, threatening civilization and most species, including our own. Under these circumstances, it is not surprising that some are looking at nuclear energy as a lesser, or more remote, evil. Moreover, the prospect, though still at the theoretical/experimental stage, of namely Generation IV plants, which could greatly increase the efficiency of nuclear fuel use, reducing the nuclear waste generated, is also changing the nature of the controversy for some.
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revolutionary developments in nuclear power technology,
DETAILS POSSIBILITY AND HOPE Nevertheless, we recognize that many scientists, including climatologist James Hansen and our friend, physicist John W. Farley, now see a place for nuclear energy as a kind of last resort, given the dire planetary threat raised by the burning of fossil fuelsmade even more dire by the
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
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current shift toward even dirtier, more carbon-emitting fossil fuels, such as lower grades of coal, oil from tar sands, and shale oil.
1 PRELUDE Pete Seeger is one of the world’s quintessential activists, having played such an important role in singing the songs and engaging in the struggles of civil rights, free speech, human rights, anti-Vietnam War, environmental, peace, anti-nuclear, and social justice movements. (David Kupfer, “Longtime Passing,” Whole Earth Magazine, 104, 2001, p. 19.) Like Muir, Pete Seeger is an environmental advocate who understands the transforming power of immersion in nature. However, his desire to restore his cherished Hudson River posed a monumental challenge in the 1960s. The Hudson
GETTING FROM HERE TO THERE Nevertheless, we recognize that many
River, once so majestic that it inspired the Hudson River School painters, had become a sewer for the communities and
scientists, including climatologist James Hansen
commercial industries that populated its shoreline. Seeger’s
and our friend, physicist John W. Farley, now
approach to reversing the degradation of the Hudson River
see a place for nuclear energy as a kind of last
involved a unique form of advocacy and organizing. He
resort, given the dire planetary threat raised by
envisioned healing the Hudson through immersion.
the burning of fossil fuelsmade even more dire by the current shift toward even dirtier, more carbon-emitting fossil fuels, such as lower grades of coal, oil from tar sands, and shale oil. Thousands of tired, nerve-shaken, over-civilized people are beginning to find that going to the mountains is going home; that wilderness is a necessity; and that mountain parks and reservations are useful not only as fountains of timber and irrigating rivers, but as fountains of life. (p.1)
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5 A RADICAL APPROACH TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS
4
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GIVEN THE STATE OF THE LEFT GLOBALLY
Nevertheless, we recognize that many scientists,
Nevertheless, we recognize that many scientists, including climatologist James
including climatologist James Hansen and our
Hansen and our friend, physicist John W. Farley, now see a place for nuclear
friend, physicist John W. Farley, now see a place for
energy as a kind of last resort, given the dire planetary threat raised by the
nuclear energy as a kind of last resort, given the
burning of fossil fuelsmade even more dire by the current shift toward even
dire planetary threat raised by the burning of fossil
dirtier, more carbon-emitting fossil fuels, such as lower grades of coal, oil from
fuelsmade even more dire by the current shift toward
tar sands, and shale oil. Thousands of tired, nerve-shaken, over-civilized people
even dirtier, more carbon-emitting fossil fuels, such as
are beginning to find that going to the mountains is going home innovative
lower grades of coal, oil from tar sands, and shale oil.
environmental education. Forty years after Pete Seeger wrote the song “My Dirty
Thousands of tired, nerve-shaken, over-civilized people
Stream,” his Hudson River is now clean enough for swimming along the Hudson
are beginning to find that going to the mountains is
Highlands. The Riverpool is a contemporary version.
going home; that wilderness is a necessity; and that mountain parks and reservations are useful not only as fountains of timber and irrigating rivers.
THE SCIENCE ON THIS IS CLEAR Nevertheless, we recognize that many scientists, including climatologist James Hansen and our friend, physicist John W. Farley, now see a place for nuclear energy as a kind of last resort, given the dire planetary threat raised by the burning of fossil fuelsmade even more dire by the current shift toward even dirtier, more carbon-emitting fossil fuels, such as lower grades of coal, oil from tar sands, and shale oil. Thousands of tired, nerve-shaken, over-civilized people are beginning to find that going to the mountains is going home innovative environmental education. Forty years after Pete Seeger wrote the song “My Dirty Stream,” his Hudson River is
6
now clean enough for swimming along.
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carbon-emitting fossil fuels, such as lower grades of coal, oil from tar sands, and shale oil.
planetary threat raised by the burning of fossil fuelsmade even more dire by the current shift toward even dirtier, more
Hansen and our friend, physicist John W. Farley, now see a place for nuclear energy as a kind of last resort, given the dire
POSSIBILITY AND HOPE Nevertheless, we recognize that many scientists, including climatologist James
A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY LIGHT FALLING USUALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM.
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
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Lifestyle
INTERVIEW
M AGAZI NE
LET’S START WITH YOUR IDEAS ABOUT
AFTER THE POST-2008 HISTORICAL CRISIS OF
RETHINKING MARX, CAPITAL’S LOGIC, AND THE
CAPITALISM AT A GLOBAL SCALE, IN WHICH
LOGIC OF THE WORKING CLASS? AND HOW
DIRECTION AND UNDER WHICH FORMS DO YOU
WE CAN RELATE THESE SUBJECTS WITH TODAY’S
THINK OF THE SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SHOULD FORM
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS?
AND DEVELOP?
For some time, I have argued that Marx did not
I don’t know. One thing that we have to think
develop theoretically the side of the working class.
about is that we traditionally have looked at the
In his major theoretical work, Capital, he looks
organized working class as this main vehicle for
at the nature of capital and capital’s logic. But he
building socialism. Certainly that’s what Marx
doesn’t really develop the other side of capitalism
talked about. He said trade unions were the main
which is the logic of the working class and the
center of organization for the working class. But
drive of the working class and its orientation. So, I
in the creation of workers’ movements, it wasn’t
always say that people have misinterpreted Marx
only their position as wage laborers that created
in the sense that they think he has given a picture
the workers’ movement. They also lived in the same
of capitalism whereas he has only given the picture
neighborhoods.
of capital. That analysis is important because that
THEY RELATED TO THE COMMUNITIES AND THIS
knowledge is a weapon for the working class.
WAS ALWAYS AN ELEMENT. I THINK THAT IT’S A
BUT IT’S NOT THE WHOLE PICTURE. IN MUCH
BIG MISTAKE TO IDENTIFY THE WORKING CLASS
OF HIS OTHER WORK, HE DOES TALK ABOUT THE
AS SIMPLY THOSE WHO ARE WAGE LABORERS IN
WORKING CLASS; HE TALKS ABOUT WORKING-
LARGE-SCALE INDUSTRY.
CLASS STRUGGLES AND HOW WORKERS WHO DO
Other people are separated from the means
NOT STRUGGLE IN FACT PRODUCE THEMSELVES AS
of production and separated from the historical
APATHETIC, MORE OR LESS WELL-FED INSTRUMENTS OF PRODUCTION. You won’t find an examination of struggle,
09
though, from the side of workers in Marx’s Capital. In particular, there is no discussion of the wage struggle. He just assumes that wages are given
volume that he never got around to writing, the planned book on Wage-Labour.
(and Venezuela is not unique in this), half of the working class is in the informal sector. They are not outside capitalism, though. Many of the people
MUSIC
and that there is a given standard of necessity. Removing that assumption was to occur in a later
results of social labor. If you take Venezuela
selling goods on the street are selling capitalistproduced goods; they are simply part of the sphere of circulation of capital. They just have a such
DETAILS (ALBUM), A 2020 PREMIERE ALBUM BY THE MUSICAL GROUP FROU FROU
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weak position that capital manages to get them to bear the risk of selling, rather than just simply being wage laborers in the sphere of circulation.
MEN’S STYLE & FASHION
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
01 MEN’S WATCHES
A smart and elegant Swiss Made watch from Gucci’s G-Timeless collection. It comes in a two-tone gold and silver polished bracelet and bezel, with a subtle diamond checkerboard effect on the dial.
LOOKING FOR MEN’S WATCHES? WE STOCK A HUGE RANGE OF DESIGNER WATCHES FOR GENTS, FROM FAMOUS BRANDS
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Look closely to see an understated ‘G’ logo in brushed stainless steel bordering the dial. With a three hand quartz movement and date window. Fastens with a two-tone bracelet strap, with foldover clasp. Supplied in a presentation box.
Lifestyle M AGAZI NE
03 DIGITAL CAMERA THE 10 BEST DIGITAL CAMERAS IN 2020
Okay, we admit it it’s an impossible question. The best camera for a pro photographer is a million miles from the best camera for an adventure sports nut. So what we’ve done is pick out what we think are the standout cameras in their fields. This may be because they have the most amazing features and specifications, because
02
they’re amazing value for what they offer or because they are just brilliant at the job they’ve been designed for. Along the way we’ll explain some of the jargon and
BACKPACKS
the differences between cameras, though if you need a bit more help deciding what kind of camera you need, you can get a lot more information from our special stepby-step guide: What camera should I buy?
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BROWSE A WIDE SELECTION OF PREMIUM JANSPORT BACKPACKS FOR MEN AND WOMEN IN A VARIETY OF SIZES AND STYLES. FREE SHIPPING & FREE RETURNS ON ALL ORDERS! DETAILS Pairing modern elegance with a classic mountaineering style, the everyday Dawson Women’s backpack is equipped with functional storage options and refined hardware finishes. Signature striped fabric liner Internal zippered pocket Adjustable drawcord closure Magnetic strap closures with metal pin clips Side-access zippered storage sleeve Slim padded shoulder straps with smooth webbing details Light back padding Classic woven label
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PROFILE
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
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Lifestyle M AGAZI NE
BY MAXINE LOWY
Singing for Women’s Lives CLAUDIA STERN AND SINGER CECILIA CONCHA LABORDE VOLUNTARILY CO-PRODUCED “NUNCA MÁS MUJER,” A SONG WITH A CAPTIVATING MELODY AND SIMPLE, DIRECT LYRICS.
A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY LIGHT FALLING USUALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM.
Elizabeth Vilma Uribe and her husband, Alan
several carried guitars and percussion instruments into
Velasquez, were known to their neighbors in Coronel,
a sprawling two-story wooden house, the Tremonhue
in the heart of Chile’s former coal mining region, as a
Spirituality and Integral Health Center, in the shadow
“very nice, very friendly couple.” They were shocked
of the gritty mountains towering above the river. The
on November 16, 2016, when Uribe, a schoolteacher and
twelve women were songwriters and musicians convened
mother of two, was choked and stabbed to death by her
by the iconic singer, feminist, and peace activist Holly
husband of thirty years. The next day would have been
Near, in collaboration with the Popular Education for
her fifty-fifth birthday.
Health foundation (EPES) of Santiago, for a weekend
Under the country’s military dictatorship (1973-1990), thousands of political prisoners, but especially women, were subjected to sexual violence and torture. In today’s
workshop to channel the power of song against violence to women. For more than forty years, Near’s music has decried
Chile, the murder of women by a spouse or boyfriend
violence in armed conflicts around the globe. Her voice
has become so common that the press routinely
has also rallied thousands against sexual assault during
categorizes such killings as “femicide.”1 Elizabeth Uribe’s
the Take Back the Night campaigns that began in the
death was the fiftieth femicide in Chile in 2016.
1970s and resumed with force in the early 2000s. Near’s
As the news of her untimely, vicious death resounded in the Chilean media, three hundred kilometers to the north, a group of a dozen women came together at an idyllic setting in the Cajon del Maipu canyon, near the capital city of Santiago. Along with their bags,
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song “Hay una mujer desaparecida” (There’s a woman missing) helped ignite international condemnation of the dictatorship’s forced disappearances and systematic human rights violations. In today’s Chile, the murder of women by a spouse or boyfriend has become so common that the press routinely categorizes.
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
Elizabeth Vilma Uribe and her husband, Alan
thousands of political prisoners, but especially women, were subjected to sexual violence and torture. In
Coronel, in the heart of Chile’s former coal mining
today’s Chile, the murder of women by a spouse or
region, as a “very nice, very friendly couple.” They
boyfriend has become so common that the press
were shocked on November 16, 2016, when Uribe, a
routinely categorizes such killings as “femicide.”1
schoolteacher and mother of two, was choked and
Elizabeth Uribe’s death was the fiftieth femicide in
stabbed to death by her husband of thirty years. The
Chile in 2016. As the news of her untimely, vicious
next day would have been her fifty-fifth birthday.
death resounded in the Chilean media, three hundred
Under the country’s military dictatorship (1973-1990),
kilometers to the north, a group of a dozen women.
A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY LIGHT FALLING USUALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM.
Velasquez, were known to their neighbors in
Claudia Stern and singer Cecilia Concha Laborde voluntarily co-produced “Nunca más mujer,” a song with a captivating melody and simple, direct lyrics. 14 / 0 4 6
Lifestyle M AGAZI NE
Elizabeth Vilma Uribe and her husband, Alan
were subjected to sexual violence and torture. In
Velasquez, were known to their neighbors in
today’s Chile, the murder of women by a spouse or
Coronel, in the heart of Chile’s former coal mining
boyfriend has become so common that the press
region, as a “very nice, very friendly couple.” They
routinely categorizes such killings as “femicide.”1
were shocked on November 16, 2016, when Uribe, a
Elizabeth Uribe’s death was the fiftieth femicide in
schoolteacher and mother of two, was choked and
Chile in 2016. As the news of her untimely, vicious
stabbed to death by her husband of thirty years. The
death resounded in the Chilean media, three hundred
next day would have been her fifty-fifth birthday.
kilometers to the north, a group of a dozen women
Under the country’s military dictatorship (1973-1990),
came together at an idyllic setting in the Cajon del
thousands of political prisoners, but especially women,
Maipu canyon, near the capital city of Santiago.
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PRODUCTS SHOWROOM
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
DESIGNER LUXURY PENS
01
Okay, we admit it it’s an impossible question. The best camera for a pro photographer is a million miles from the best camera for an adventure sports nut. So what we’ve done is pick out what we think are the standout cameras in their fields. This may be because they have the most amazing features and specifications, because they’re amazing value for what they offer or because they are just brilliant at the job they’ve been designed for.
From $250
OBJECT OF
BEAUTY WEDDING DECORATIONS
02
Okay, we admit it it’s an impossible question. The best camera for a pro photographer is a million miles from the best camera for an adventure sports nut. So what we’ve done is pick out what we think are the standout cameras in their fields. This may be because they have the most amazing features and specifications, because they’re amazing value for what they offer or because they are just brilliant at the job they’ve been designed for.
From $700
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Lifestyle M AGAZI NE
GOLDEN FRAME
03
Okay, we admit it it’s an impossible question. The best camera for a pro photographer is a million miles from the best camera for an adventure sports nut. So what we’ve done is pick out what we think are the standout cameras in their fields. This may be because they have the most amazing features and specifications, because they’re amazing value for what they offer or because they are just brilliant at the job they’ve been designed for.
From $2300
MEN’S WATCHES
04
SPHERE
05
Okay, we admit it it’s an impossible question. The best
Okay, we admit it it’s an impossible question. The best
camera for a pro photographer is a million miles from
camera for a pro photographer is a million miles from the
the best camera for an adventure sports nut. So what
best camera for an adventure sports nut. So what we’ve done
we’ve done is pick out what we think are the standout
is pick out what we think are the standout cameras in their
cameras in their fields. This may be because they have the
fields. This may be because they have the most amazing
most amazing features and specifications, because they’re
features and specifications, because they’re amazing value for
amazing value for what they offer or because they are just
what they offer or because they are just brilliant at the job
brilliant at the job they’ve been designed for.
they’ve been designed for.
From $300
From $3000
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C
PHOTO-STORY
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
Smith saw himself as a beacon of normality. For starters, there was almost
always a tight, crisp shirt to perform in, the sort that the Kinks’s Dave Davies
wore, but probably cheaper. It’s unlikely that, in the 1970s, Smith’s were Vivienne
SUBJECT MATTER
Westwood, although the oversized collar suggests at least some handle on the
decade’s fashion. On stage, these shirts were usually unbuttoned twice, sometimes
18
colourful, and worn under a V-neck. By the early 80s, he leaned more towards white shirts, which he started buttoning up. It was a uniform that, like the music, grew tighter and sharper. But there were flourishes of masculinity, even vanity, which reappeared again and again: the high-waisted trousers, the trimmed moppish hair and the rather excellent leather jackets (which came cropped, or long and creased in perhaps PVC). On stage, Smith wavered between a schoolboy and accidental Hedi Slimane muse. Only his face gave his age away. While influential bands such as the Stooges and Can appeared to consider what they wore not least dressing for their time from the offset, Smith turned aggressively towards a more purposeful blandness, making it impossible to age him or place the band in the context of the late 70s/early 80s Mancunian music scene. But cool begets cool, and Smith would later trade NME centrefolds for interviews in Fantastic Man. He was, of course, a muse for Fred Perry. Indeed, one particular shoot, involving a white shirt, creased-leather coat with giant buttons, shot in front of an orange wall could be straight from the autumn/winter Balenciaga campaign. By the early 80s, he had cut his hair and met Brix Smith Start, a bass player
We give up far too easily
from LA, who would become his wife and the band’s lead guitarist. Now a successful fashion businesswoman, she was largely credited with inspiring.
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A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY LIGHT FALLING USUALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM.
Lifestyle M AGAZI NE
Smith was over 6ft tall, but walked and performed with a stoop, which later caused him back trouble. He often performed with his back to the audience, still in those shirts, and dwarfed by his leather jacket even in summer. Sweating didn’t seem to bother him. The shirt and leather had become his twinset. Later, he became marginally more self-conscious. “I only really look in a mirror before I go on stage, in case I’ve got anything on my face” he once told this newspaper, admitting he did own a comb. “It’s good to look a bit straight: a clean shirt and all that.” The Fall were part of a post-punk scene, weighted by emotion, wisdom and geography, but Smith was an outsider, a performer who performed over the music rather than with it, but it was this outsider image that infected his offbeat style and made him stand out. Despite the alleged 66 band members and their shifting sound, which moved from punk to post-punk to electronic (and even a ballet score), much like Smith the music was never about being hip, which obviously.
WE ALL MUMBLE SILLY PRAYERS INTO THE AIR, OH PLEASE DON’T LET ME MISS THE PLANE, OH PLEASE LET HIM CALL ME BACK. WE NEVER COUNT TIMES OUR WISHES DEFLATE AS FUTILE.
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ART
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
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ARTISTIC GENRE OF ALLEGORY OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY LIGHT FALLING USUALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM.
DANSE MACABRE
In 1919 Hollywood, the then-new motion picture capital of the world, one of the first (and still existing) trade societies was formed: the American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), which stood to recognize the cinematographer’s contribution to the art and science of motion picture making. Similar trade associations have been established in other countries too.
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Smith saw himself as a beacon of normality. For starters, there was almost always a tight, crisp shirt to perform in, the sort that the Kinks’s Dave Davies wore, but probably cheaper. It’s unlikely that, in the 1970s, Smith’s were Vivienne
A CREATIVE AND INTERPRETIVE PROCESS
Westwood, although the oversized collar suggests at least some handle on the decade’s fashion. On stage, these shirts were usually unbuttoned twice, sometimes colourful, and worn under a V-neck. By the early 80s, he leaned more towards
THAT CULMINATES IN THE AUTHORSHIP OF AN
white shirts, which he started buttoning up. It was a uniform that, like the music, grew tighter and sharper. But there were flourishes of masculinity, even vanity, which reappeared again and again: the high-waisted trousers, the trimmed
ORIGINAL WORK OF ART RATHER THAN THE
moppish hair and the rather excellent leather jackets (which came cropped, or long and creased in perhaps PVC). On stage, Smith wavered between a schoolboy
SIMPLE RECORDING OF A PHYSICAL EVENT.
and accidental Hedi Slimane muse. Only his face gave his age away. While influential bands such as the Stooges and Can appeared to consider
CINEMATOGRAPHY IS NOT A SUBCATEGORY OF
what they wore not least dressing for their time from the offset, Smith turned aggressively towards a more purposeful blandness, making it impossible to age him or place the band in the context of the late 70s/early 80s Mancunian music
PHOTOGRAPHY.
scene. But cool begets cool, and Smith would later trade NME centrefolds for interviews in Fantastic Man. He was, of course, a muse for Fred Perry. Indeed, one particular shoot, involving a white shirt, creased-leather coat with giant buttons, shot in front of an orange wall could be straight from the autumn/winter Balenciaga campaign. By the early 80s, he had cut his hair and met Brix Smith
Smith saw himself as a beacon of normality. For
Start, a bass player from LA, who would become his wife and the band’s lead
starters, there was almost always a tight, crisp shirt
guitarist. Now a successful fashion businesswoman.
to perform in, the sort that the Kinks’s Dave Davies wore, but probably cheaper. It’s unlikely that, in the 1970s, Smith’s were Vivienne Westwood, although the oversized collar suggests at least some handle on the decade’s fashion. On stage, these shirts were usually unbuttoned twice, sometimes colourful, and worn under a V-neck. By the early 80s, he leaned more towards white shirts, which he started buttoning up. It was a uniform that, like the music, grew tighter and sharper. But there were flourishes of masculinity, even vanity, which reappeared again and again: the high-waisted trousers, the trimmed moppish hair and the rather excellent.
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COMMUNICATION
JULY 2020. | VOLUME 5 | ISSUE 8 | US $9 | EUROPE 8 €
IN PHOTOGRAPHY AND CINEMATOGRAPHY, AVAILABLE LIGHT OR AMBIENT LIGHT REFERS TO ANY SOURCE OF LIGHT THAT IS NOT EXPLICITLY SUPPLIED BY THE PHOTOGRAPHER FOR THE PURPOSE OF TAKING PHOTOS. THE TERM USUALLY REFERS TO SOURCES OF LIGHT THAT ARE ALREADY AVAILABLE
A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY LIGHT FALLING USUALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM.
NATURALLY (E.G. THE SUN, MOON, LIGHTNING) OR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT ALREADY BEING USED.
Smith saw himself as a beacon of normality. For starters, there was almost always a tight, crisp shirt to perform in, the sort that the Kinks’s Dave Davies wore, but probably cheaper. It’s unlikely that, in the 1970s, Smith’s were Vivienne Westwood, although the oversized collar suggests at least some handle on the decade’s fashion. On stage, these shirts were usually unbuttoned twice, sometimes colourful, and worn under a V-neck. By the early 80s, he leaned more towards white shirts, which he started buttoning up. It was a uniform that, like the music, grew tighter and sharper. But there were flourishes of masculinity, even vanity, which reappeared again and again: the high-waisted trousers, the trimmed moppish hair and the rather excellent leather jackets (which came cropped, or long and creased in perhaps PVC). On stage, Smith wavered between a schoolboy and accidental Hedi Slimane muse. Only his face gave his age away. While influential bands such as the Stooges and Can appeared to consider what they wore not least dressing for their time from the offset, Smith turned aggressively towards a more purposeful blandness, making it impossible to age him or place the band in the context of the late 70s/early 80s Mancunian music scene. But cool begets cool, and Smith would later trade NME centrefolds for interviews in Fantastic Man. He was, of course, a muse for Fred Perry. Indeed, one particular shoot, involving a white shirt, creased-leather coat with giant buttons, shot in front of an orange wall could be straight from the autumn/winter Balenciaga campaign. By the early 80s, he had cut his hair and met Brix Smith Start, a bass player from LA, who would become his wife and the band’s lead guitarist. Now a successful fashion businesswoman.
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23 CINEMATOGRAPHY CINEMATOGRAPHY IS THE SCIENCE OR ART OF MOTION-PICTURE PHOTOGRAPHY BY RECORDING LIGHT
Ambient
LIGHT
Levels of ambient light are most frequently considered relative to additional lighting used as fill light, in which case the ambient light is normally treated as the key light.
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NUMBERS
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DESIGN A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY LIGHT FALLING USUALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM.
COMMERCIAL INTERIOR DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
24
Interior designer implies that there is more of an emphasis on planning, functional design and the effective use of space, as compared to interior decorating. An interior designer in fineline design can undertake projects that include arranging the
red box
basic layout of spaces within a building as well as projects that require an understanding of technical issues such as window and door positioning, acoustics, and lighting.[1] Although an interior designer may create the layout of a space, they may not alter load-bearing walls without having their designs stamped for approval by a structural engineer. Interior designers often work directly with architects, engineers and contractors. Interior designers must be highly skilled in order to create interior environments that are functional, safe, and
INTERIOR DESIGN
adhere to building codes.
Interior designers must be highly skilled in order to create interior environments that are functional, safe, and adhere to building codes, regulations and ADA requirements. They go beyond the selection of color palettes and furnishings and apply their knowledge to the development of construction documents, occupancy loads, healthcare regulations and sustainable design principles, as well as the management and coordination of professional services including mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and life safety—all to ensure that people can live, learn or work in an innocuous environment that is also aesthetically pleasing.
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Interior designers must be highly skilled in order to create interior environments that are functional, safe, and adhere to building codes, regulations and ADA requirements. They go beyond the selection of color palettes and furnishings and apply their knowledge to the development of construction documents, occupancy loads, healthcare regulations and sustainable design principles, as well as the management and coordination of professional services including mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and life safety—all to ensure that people can live, learn or work in an innocuous environment that is also aesthetically pleasing. Interior designers must be highly skilled in order to create interior environments that are functional, safe, and adhere to building codes, regulations and ADA requirements. They go beyond the selection of color palettes and furnishings and apply their knowledge to the development of construction
Color is a powerful design tool in decoration, as well as in interior design which is the art of composing, and coordinating colors together to create a stylish scheme on the interior architecture of the space. documents, occupancy loads, healthcare regulations A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY LIGHT FALLING USUALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM.
and sustainable design principles, as well as the
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management and coordination of professional services including mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and life safety—all to ensure that people can live, learn or work in an innocuous environment that is also aesthetically pleasing. Interior designers must be highly skilled in order to create interior environments that are functional, safe, and adhere to building codes, regulations and ADA requirements. They go beyond the selection of color palettes and furnishings and apply their knowledge to the development of construction documents, occupancy loads, healthcare regulations and sustainable design principles, as well as the management and coordination of professional services including mechanical.
Famous brands and designers from France
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include Chanel, Louis Vuitton, L’Oreal, Christian Louboutin, Balmain, Lancôme, Givenchy, Le Coq Sportif, Cartier, Guerlain, Sonia Rykiel, Longchamp, Pierre Cardin, Kenzo, Yves Saint Laurent, Dior, Clarins, A.P.C., Jean Paul Gaultier, Lacoste, Hermès, Thierry Mugler, Lanvin, Inès de La Fressange, Quechua, Chloé, Lolita Lempicka, Nina Ricci,
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Rochas, Cerruti, Oxbow and Céline.
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Q Most American fashion houses are based in New
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States for sport-influenced day wear throughout the 1940s and 50s was Claire McCardell. Many of her designs have been revived in recent decades. Famous American brands and designers include Vera Wang, Bill Blass, Joseph Abboud, Calvin Klein, Bob Mackie, Anna Sui, Ralph Lauren, Oscar de la Renta, Carolina Herrera, Michael Kors, Marc Jacobs, Tom Ford, Tommy Hilfiger, Geoffrey Beene, Oleg Cassini, Perry Ellis, Kenneth Cole, James Galanos, Todd Oldham, Donna Karan, Liz Claiborne, and Nolan Miller. Most American fashion houses are based in New York City, with a high concentration centered in the Garment District neighborhood. On the west coast, there are also a significant number of fashion houses
York City, with a high concentration centered in the
in Los Angeles, where a substantial percentage of
Garment District neighborhood. On the west coast,
high fashion clothing manufactured in the United
there are also a significant number of fashion houses
States is actually made. Beverly Hills, particularly
in Los Angeles, where a substantial percentage of
on Rodeo Drive, is globally renowned for its fashion
high fashion clothing manufactured in the United
design and prestigious shopping. Burgeoning
States is actually made. Beverly Hills, particularly
industries in Miami, Chicago, Dallas, and especially
on Rodeo Drive, is globally renowned for its fashion
San Francisco have developed as well. A semi-annual
design and prestigious shopping. Burgeoning
event held every February and September, New
industries in Miami, Chicago, Dallas, and especially
York Fashion Week is one of four major fashion
San Francisco have developed as well. A semi-annual
weeks held throughout the world. Parsons The New
event held every February and September, New
School for Design, located in the Greenwich Village
York Fashion Week is one of four major fashion
neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City,
weeks held throughout the world. Parsons The New
is considered as one of the top fashion schools in the
School for Design, located in the Greenwich Village
world. American fashion design is dominated by a
neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City,
clean-cut, urban, casual style; reflecting the athletic,
is considered as one of the top fashion schools in the
health-conscious lifestyles of urban city-dwellers. A
world. American fashion design is dominated by a
designer who helped to set the trend in the United
clean-cut, urban, casual style; reflecting the athletic,
States for sport-influenced day wear throughout the
health-conscious lifestyles of urban city-dwellers. A
1940s and 50s was Claire McCardell. Many of her
designer who helped to set the trend in the United
designs have been revived in recent decades.
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29 MADE IN ITALY
FASHION
ITALY IS ONE OF THE LEADING
Italian fashion can be also connected to the most generalized concept of “Made in Italy”, a sort of merchandise brand expressing excellence of creativity and
COUNTRIES IN FASHION DESIGN,
craftsmanship. Italian luxury goods are renowned for the high quality of their own textiles and the elegance and refinement that goes into making them up, as well as for
ALONGSIDE OTHERS SUCH AS
the guarantee of quality materials. Many French, British and American high-top luxury brands (such as Chanel, Dior, Balmain, the main line of Ralph Lauren, to name a
FRANCE, UNITED STATES, UNITED
few) also refer to Italian craft factories, located in highly specialized areas especially in the Centre-North of Italy,
KINGDOM, GERMANY AND
to produce either part of their apparel and accessories. Italian fashion can be also connected to the most generalized concept of “Made in Italy”, a sort of
JAPAN. FASHION HAS ALWAYS
merchandise brand expressing excellence of creativity and craftsmanship. Italian luxury goods are renowned for
BEEN AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE
the high quality of their own textiles and the elegance and refinement that goes into making them up, as well as for the guarantee of quality materials. Many French,
COUNTRY’S CULTURAL LIFE AND
British and American high-top luxury brands (such as Chanel, Dior, Balmain, the main line of Ralph Lauren, to name a few) also refer to Italian craft factories, located
SOCIETY, AND ITALIANS ARE WELL
in highly specialized areas especially in the CentreNorth of Italy, to produce either part of their apparel
KNOWN FOR THEIR ATTENTION OF
and accessories. Italian fashion can be also connected to the most generalized concept of “Made in Italy”, a sort of merchandise brand expressing excellence of creativity
DRESSING-UP WEL
and craftsmanship. Italian luxury goods.
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30 HISTORY
PHOTO STORY Interior designers must be highly skilled in order to create interior environments that are functional, safe, and adhere to building codes, regulations and ADA requirements. They go beyond the selection of color palettes and furnishings and apply their knowledge to the development of construction documents, occupancy loads, healthcare regulations and sustainable design principles, as well as the management and coordination of professional services including mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and life safety—all to ensure that people can live, learn or work in an innocuous environment that is also aesthetically pleasing.
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Diet deficiencies NUTRIENTS IN FOOD ARE GROUPED INTO SEVERAL CATEGORIES. MACRONUTRIENTS ARE FAT, PROTEIN, AND CARBOHYDRATES. MICRONUTRIENTS ARE THE MINERALS AND VITAMINS. ADDITIONALLY, FOOD CONTAINS WATER AND DIETARY FIBER.
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33 FOOD & DRINK
As previously discussed, the body is designed by natural selection to enjoy sweet and fattening foods for evolutionary diets Between the extremes of optimal health and death from starvation or malnutrition, there is an array of disease states that can be caused or alleviated by changes in diet. Deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances in diet can produce negative impacts on health, which may lead to various health problems such as scurvy, obesity, or osteoporosis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases as well as psychological and behavioral problems. The science of nutrition attempts to understand how and why specific dietary aspects influence health. Nutrients in food are grouped into several categories. Macronutrients are fat, protein, and carbohydrates. Micronutrients are the minerals and vitamins. Additionally, food contains water and dietary fiber. As previously discussed, the body is designed by natural selection to enjoy sweet and fattening foods for evolutionary diets, ideal for hunters and gatherers. Thus, sweet and fattening foods in nature are typically rare and are very pleasurable to eat. In modern times, with advanced technology, enjoyable foods are easily available to consumers. Unfortunately, this promotes obesity in adults and children alike. Some countries list a legal definition of food, often referring them with the word foodstuff. These countries list food as any item that is to be processed, partially processed.
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A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY LIGHT FALLING USUALLY PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM.
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35 STYLE
ARAB
MATERIALS THE GEOMETRIC DESIGNS AND HEAVY LINES SEEM TO BE ADAPTED FROM THE AREA’S TEXTILE AND WEAVING PATTERNS Interior design has become the subject of television shows. In the United Kingdom (UK), popular interior design and decorating programs include 60 Minute Makeover (ITV), Changing Rooms (BBC), and Selling Houses (Channel 4). Famous interior designers whose work is featured in these programs include Linda Barker and Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen. In the United States, the TLC Network aired a popular program called Trading Spaces, a show based on the UK program Changing Rooms. In addition, both HGTV and the DIY Network also televise many programs about interior design and decorating, featuring the works of a variety of interior designers, decorators, and home improvement experts in a myriad of projects. Fictional interior decorators include the Sugarbaker sisters on Designing Women and Grace Adler on Will & Grace. There is also another show called Home MADE. There are two teams and two houses and whoever has the designed and made the worst room, according to the judges, is eliminated. Another show on the Style Network, hosted by Niecy Nash, is Clean House where they re-do messy homes into themed rooms that the clients would like. Other shows include Design on a Dime, Designed to Sell, and The Decorating Adventures of Ambrose Price. The show called Design Star has become more popular through the 5 seasons that have already aired. The winners of this show end up getting their own TV shows, of which are Color Splash hosted by David Bromstad, Myles of Style hosted by Kim Myles, Paint-Over! hosted by Jennifer Bertrand, The Antonio Treatment hosted by Antonio Ballatore, and finally Secrets from a Stylist hosted by Emily Henderson. Bravo also has a variety of shows that explore the lives of interior.
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PRODUCTS SHOWROOM
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36 COUCH AND LOUNGE
Beautiful Sofa Design to Inspire You THESE MAGAZINE OFTEN FOCUS ON RELATED SUBJECTS
TO DRAW A MORE SPECIFIC AUDIENCE. FOR INSTANCE, ARCHITECTURE AS A PRIMARY ASPECT OF DWELL, WHILE VERANDA IS WELL KNOWN AS A LUXURY LIVING MAGAZINE.
Interior design has become the subject of television shows. In the United Kingdom (UK), popular interior design and decorating programs include 60 Minute Makeover (ITV), Changing Rooms (BBC), and Selling Houses (Channel 4). Famous interior designers whose work is featured in these programs include Linda Barker and Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen. In the United States, the TLC Network aired a popular program called Trading Spaces, a show based on the UK program Changing Rooms. In addition, both HGTV and the DIY Network also televise many programs about interior design and decorating, featuring the works of a variety of interior designers, decorators, and home improvement experts in a myriad of projects. Fictional interior decorators include the Sugarbaker sisters on Designing Women and Grace Adler on Will & Grace. There is also another show called Home MADE. There are two teams and two houses and whoever has the designed and made the worst room, according to the judges, is eliminated. Another show on the Style Network, hosted by Niecy Nash, is Clean House where they re-do messy homes into themed rooms.
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1
01 UNVEILED DURING Salone del Mobile in Milan, the Brut sofa contrasts soft upholstery including a tubular backrest with a solid metal framework. Angular armrests allude to cast iron’s industrial history. From $1300
02 DESIGNED TO HAVE “comfortable yet bare ergonomics”, the furniture features black leather upholstery with a ribbed pattern that runs across the seats. The seating’s frame is made from large pieces of moulded
2
foam, to create a single shape with “tensed curves”. From $1400
3 04 THE ABU DHABI LOUVRE building is part of a new cultural district on the city’s
4
Saadiyat Island, that will also host a new outpost of the Guggenheim, designed by Frank Gehry, and the Foster + Partners-designed Zayed National Museum. From $1500
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03 THE FURNITURE, WHICH was created in partnership with Poltrona Frau, was unveiled during Milan design week, in time for the museum’s planned opening later this year. From $1500
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39 DECORATOR TRAINING MANY OF THE MOST FAMOUS DESIGNERS AND DECORATORS DURING THE 20TH CENTURY HAD NO FORMAL TRAINING. SOME EXAMPLES INCLUDE SISTER PARISH, ROBERT DENNING AND VINCENT FOURCADE
NOTABLE INTERIOR DECORATORS Interior design has become the subject of television shows. In the United Kingdom (UK), popular interior design and decorating programs include 60 Minute Makeover (ITV), Changing Rooms (BBC), and Selling Houses (Channel 4). Famous interior designers whose work is featured in these programs include Linda Barker and Laurence LlewelynBowen. In the United States, the TLC Network aired a popular program called Trading Spaces, a show based on the UK program Changing Rooms. In addition, both HGTV and the DIY Network also televise many programs about interior design and decorating, featuring the works of a variety of interior designers, decorators, and home improvement experts in a myriad of projects. Fictional interior decorators include the Sugarbaker sisters on Designing Women and Grace Adler on Will & Grace. There is also another show called Home MADE. There are two teams and two houses and whoever has the designed and made the worst room, according to the judges, is eliminated. Another show on the Style Network, hosted by Niecy Nash, is Clean House where they re-do messy homes into themed rooms that the clients would like. Other shows include Design on a Dime, Designed to Sell, and The Decorating Adventures of Ambrose Price.
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PRODUCTS SHOWROOM
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3 BEAUTIFUL BED GREAT IDEA
01
01 CHEVRON RUG In the master bedroom of a Los Angeles farmhouse, the giltwood settee is Italian, the light fixture made from vintage airplane trusses is from Get Back Inc., the Swedish rug is from Lief, and the flooring is walnut.
From $1500
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DROOMS WITH AS TO STEAL USE THESE BEAUTIFUL BEDROOMS AS INSPIRATION FOR YOUR
03
OWN FABULOUS SCHEME.
03 PERSIAN RUG The guest room in an Oakland bungalow features a custom bed that is upholstered in a Holland & Sherry check, the
02
linens are by Ralph Lauren Home, the floor lamp is by Original BTC, the rug is Persian and the glitter-on-canvas artwork is by René Garcia, Jr.
From $1500
02 WORN FLORAL RUG Inside Amanda Seyfried’s Catskills refuge, the bed is by Restoration Hardware, the bench is from Gilt, and the rug is from ABC Carpet & Home; the pendant light is by &tradition, and the beadboard walls are painted in Ammonite by Farrow & Ball.
From $1500
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43 BROADCASTING HOUSE
Pierre-François Léonard Fontaine PIERRE-FRANÇOIS-LÉONARD FONTAINE, SEPTEMBER 20, 1762 – OCTOBER 10, 1853) WAS A NEOCLASSICAL FRENCH ARCHITECT, INTERIOR DECORATOR AND DESIGNER.
Since its conception, the field has been committed
Lately, alongside the increased focus on climate change
to the development of a discipline that is both value
in society and the social sciences and the re-emergence
oriented and problem oriented, prioritizing research
of limits-to-growth concerns, there has been increased
aimed at solving complex environmental problems in the
focus on environmental sustainability issues within the
pursuit of individual well-being within a larger society.
field. Since its conception, the field has been committed
[1] When solving problems involving human-environment
to the development of a discipline that is both value
interactions, whether global or local, one must have a
oriented and problem oriented, prioritizing research
model of human nature that predicts the environmental
aimed at solving complex environmental problems in the
conditions under which humans will respond well. This
pursuit of individual well-being within a larger society.
model can help design, manage, protect and/or restore
[1] When solving problems involving human-environment
environments that enhance reasonable behavior, predict
interactions, whether global or local, one must have a
the likely outcomes when these conditions are not met,
model of human nature that predicts the environmental
and diagnose problem situations. The field develops
conditions under which humans will respond well. This
such a model of human nature while retaining a broad
model can help design, manage, protect and/or restore
and inherently multidisciplinary focus. It explores
environments that enhance reasonable behavior, predict
such dissimilar issues as common property resource
the likely outcomes when these conditions are not met,
management, wayfinding in complex settings, the
and diagnose problem situations. The field develops
effect of environmental stress on human performance,
such a model of human nature while retaining a broad
the characteristics of restorative environments, human
and inherently multidisciplinary focus. It explores
information processing, and the promotion of durable
such dissimilar issues as common property resource
conservation behavior.
management, wayfinding in complex settings.
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05
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09
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BEST PRICES
01 CASSINA
02 SEGIS
03 GENIE
FLOE INSEL LOUNGE
HAMMER CHAIRS &
COPPER MESH
STOOLS
TASK
Available in many fabric and leather
Floe Insel’s three-seat sofa and pouf can be
upholstery options, the sofa employs
combined units and a chaise lounge, which
diagonal stitching to emphasize.
is offered in two sizes.
Patricia Urquiola’s soft multisided sofa for Cassina conjures irregular masses of ice floating in arctic waters.
$299
$450
$350
04 ANDREU
05 LAXSERIES
06 MITAB
WORLD NUEZ
WEDGE LOUNGE
ASCENT BENCHES
CHAIRS & STOOLS Patricia Urquiola’s soft multisided sofa for Cassina conjures irregular masses of ice Dual Lounge, designed by Toan Nguyen for
The relaxed posture supports a variety of functions.
floating in arctic waters.
Studio TK, features an organic form with a design that.
$350
$499
$790
07 ARPER CILA
08 HERMAN MILLER
09 FRITZ HANSEN
CHAIRS & STOOL
COLOUR LOUNGE
PAIR CHAIRS & STOOLS
The four-spoke die-cast-aluminum swivel
The chair comes with a coordinating
Dual Lounge is available in myriad finish
base, in burnished or polished finishes,
ottoman, both of which are upholstered in
and textile options. The relaxed posture
permits 360- degree rotation with automatic
leather from Pelle Frau.
supports a variety of functions.
return.
$299
$599
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$385
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