Introduction Have you ever wondered why do we start to rub our hands together the moment we start to feel a bit cold? You know the answer, don’t you? That action heats up your hands and gives you a little bit of comfort in that particular situation. When we rub our hands together, we use mechanical energy to create friction that generates heat energy. As you may realize, the heat does not just appear out of nowhere
So What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? •
As you may realize, the term “conservation” refers to the principle by which the total value of a particular physical quantity or parameter remains unchanged within a system, unless the system is subject to external influence.
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By that definition, the conservation of energy means that the amount of energy within a system will remain unaltered over time.
So What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? There are several examples that can simplify the concept for you:•
When you switch on the fan in your bedroom, the electrical energy gets converted into the mechanical energy. Similarly, when you switch on a bulb, the electrical energy that flows within the wire gets converted into light and heat energy.
So What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? •
The green plants use sunlight to carry out the photosynthesis process. It allows them to store the energy in their cells. In this process, the light energy is converted into chemical energy which they use for their growth and nourishment.
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In thermal power stations, the heat energy is converted to electrical energy. The heat, however, is generated from the combustion of fossil fuel, which is a transformation of chemical energy into heat energy.
So What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? •
When you stop a ball from rolling on the floor, it may seem like there’s no conversion of energy, but in reality, you absorb the kinetic energy of the ball and turn it into heat potential energy.
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Even when you are pushing a chair to move it from its static position, you are using the potential energy stored in your body to do the task. At first, your potential energy gets transferred to the chair.
What does “System” Mean in the Context of “Conversion of Energy”? •
A system can mean a lot of things in science, but to give the term a general outline, it can be said any collection of objects that we choose to model with our calculations is a system. When the matter of “conversion of energy” is involved, a system generally involves the object of interest and anything that interacts with it.
What does “System” Mean in the Context of “Conversion of Energy”? •
However, in practice, physicists often ignore some interactions while outlining a system for their convenience. Usually, the things that are excluded from the “system” are collectively termed as the “environment”.
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Even though ignoring some part of the environment will make the calculations less accurate, but the physicists continue to ignore several aspects of the “environment” while working on their hypotheses.
What does “System” Mean in the Context of “Conversion of Energy”? •
For instance, in case of air rifle shooting, the objects of interest are the rifle, the bullet and the target. But if you need to be more specific, you need to include Earth’s gravitation pull as well which has an influence on the motion if the bullet.
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Now that you have a decent idea about the law of conservation of energy and the concept of “system”, we can proceed to the part we discuss the law of conservation of energy formula.
What does “System” Mean in the Context of “Conversion of Energy”? The formula of conservation of energy: An object (or multiple objects) in a closed system can have both kinetic and potential energy. The total energy in that system, which is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy, is termed as total mechanical energy. As mentioned earlier, if the system is not subject to external influence, the total mechanical energy remains conserved.
What does “System” Mean in the Context of “Conversion of Energy”? The kinetic energy can change into potential energy and vice versa without altering the total energy with the system. However, when the mechanical system is not fully closed, external influence can change in the total mechanical energy. The system can perform “work” in the surroundings, or some “work” can be done on the system. This other work is often considered as the external influence.
What does “System” Mean in the Context of “Conversion of Energy”? The following equation explains how the whole thing is measured:
K1 + U1 + W = K2 + U2 In this conservation of energy equation, K1 denotes the initial kinetic energy in the system while U1 indicates the initial potential energy.
What does “System” Mean in the Context of “Conversion of Energy”? Interestingly, the conservation of energy also outlines the first law of Thermodynamics. It states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the difference of the heat transfer into the system and the work done by the system. The first law of thermodynamics is often explained by the following equation:
ΔU = Q – W
What does “System” Mean in the Context of “Conversion of Energy”? In this equation, ΔU denotes the change in the internal energy, while Q denotes the heat transfer into the system and W the work done by the system respectively. While this particular law of Thermodynamics is an application of the conservation of energy, there is another famous formula in the field of Physics that talked about something on the similar line.
E = mc^2
What does “System” Mean in the Context of “Conversion of Energy”? This formula of mass-energy equivalence, which was discovered by Albert Einstein, identifies the mass of an object as a form of energy. Mass and energy – these two fundamental quantities relate to each other as per the formula mentioned above. Here, E signifies energy while m denotes mass and c stands of the speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s). This brings us to the parallel concept of conservation of mass.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? •
Interestingly, the law of conservation of mass was discovered by Antoine Lavoisier in 1785, 57 years before the law of conservation of energy by Julius Robert Mayer. However, there’s no harm in learning about conservation of energy before the conservation of mass.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? •
If you are looking for the law of conservation of mass definition, all you need to do is repeat the law of conservation of energy definition and replace “energy” with “mass” in the statement.
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If you burn a candle in a properly sealed room, where nothing (not even air) can come in or get out, you will find that some of the melted wax gets deposited at the bottom of the candle
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? Einstein’s Mass-Energy Relation: •
In the year 1905, Einstein changed the perception of people reading the concept of mass with his theory of relativity. He established the fact that mass is not absolute. It can be converted into energy and increase significantly at exceedingly high speeds near that of light.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? •
According to Einstein’s equation of massenergy equivalence, the total energy of an object comprises of its rest mass and the increase of mass caused by high speed. For any atomic or chemical reaction, some conversion between rest mass and the energy takes place. This is why the products of a reaction process usually have a smaller or greater amount of mass than the reactants.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? •
This brings us to the idea of conservation of mass-energy. It suggests that the mass and energy associated with the object (or objects) within an isolated system remain unchanged in quantity. Though, these elements (mass and energy) can be converted into one another within the system.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? •
During the event of nuclear fission or nuclear fusion, some mass of the nucleus turns into a massive amount of energy. This explains why a certain amount of mass goes missing from the total mass of the original particles once the event is completed. The binding of nuclei generates massive energy which is used in nuclear power plants and often as nuclear weapons.
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