N E X T G E N E R AT I O N ARCHITECTURAL P R A C T I C E How can the Live Build operate as a tool that transcends the academic - practice boundary within the field of architecture?
LEWIS
GRANT
Archit M a s P u b l i 2 0 1 2 0 1 5
ectural t e r s c a t i o n 5 / 1 6 5 5 6 4 6
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(exc. Appendix, Bibliography & List of Figures)
Department of Architecture t:+ 44 (0) 141 548 3023/3097/4219 Head of Department: Professor Ashraf Salama Level 3, James Weir Building 75 Montrose Street Glasgow G1 1XJ e: architecture@strath.ac.uk The place of useful learning The University of Strathclyde is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, number SC015263
Declaration 22 900 MArch Advanced Architectural Design 2015/16
Declaration “I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and has been composed by myself. It contains no unacknowledged text and has not been submitted in any previous context. All quotations have been distinguished by quotation marks and all sources of information, text, llustration, tables, images etc. have been specifically acknowledged. I accept that if having signed this Declaration my work should be found at Examination to show evidence of academic dishonesty the work will fail and I will be liable to face the University Senate Discipline Committee.�
Name:
Lewis Grant
Signed:
_____________________________________________________________
Date:
22.08.16
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank all of those who have aided in the process of this masters
project and over the last six years of my studies.
To the participants of The LAND 2016 event, thank you for making the event such
a succes and an amazing experience for all. Kirsty Cassels, Antony Graham, Karen Heaney, Beth Kytzia, Jamie McCallum, Amy McEwan, Chris McGowan, Aoife Nolan, Ayla Riome and Sinje Westerhaus, it is greatly appreciated.
Derek Hill for supervising me through this project over the last three months
offering much needed guidance, support and opportunity.
Ryan Ried for his expertise and assistance at key stages throughout this project.
Lynne Harvey, Catriona Mirren, Ellen Thomson and Aileen Alexander for much
needed assistance with the numerous orders they helped with.
Lynne Cox and Micheal Holliday of Tog Studio for inspiring me in the field of Live
Builds and for mentoring me in many of their projects.
Paul Pointon, Fiona MacGregor and Ruairidh Moir for their support allowing me to
learn from their experiences.
The Festival of Architecture 2016 for supporting this project.
Wiston Lodge for their accommodation, support and collaboration.
Many thanks to all, without whom this project would not have been possible.
Abstract
In the wake of yet another global recession which had a significant and detrimental
effect on the construction industry, the next generation of the architectural profession have turned to ‘other ways of doing architecture’. These ‘other ways of doing’ are not new ideas, they have been used by the architects of generations past, however there has been an influx in new, emerging architectural practices, made from architectural graduates of the last 10 years, who have embraced them through a modern socially engaged way of thinking.
At a time in the profession when ‘change’ is an important theme of both the
education system and the modes of professional practice, a new generation of architects are reinvigorating ‘spatial tools’ for a new time of social media and inter-connectivity. By categorising them into five discernible silos - ‘Live Build’, Education, Consultation, Creative and Neo-Traditional - we gain a comprehensive understanding of the current approaches to a new generation of practice. This understanding then leads us to accurately suggest a potential outlook for young architects when looking to the future.
With limited resource on a live subject and at an important moment in the
evolution of the architectural profession, this study looks towards the emerging methods and the innovative set of ‘tools’ which comes with them that are stretching the definition of what it is to be an architect. This mindset has created a new trend in next generation architectural practice that looks to become more inherent within a mainstream practice that is continuing to diversify.
A shared abstract by Lewis Grant & Paul Pointon
Table of Contents
I. Acknowledgements II. Abstract
One
: Introduction 1
Two
:
Contemporary Examples of Live Build
3
2.1 The Global Diagram 4
2.2 The European Diagram
10
2.3 The UK Diagram
16
2.4 The Scottish Diagram
22
The Live Build User’s Manual
30
Three
:
3.1 Definition
30
3.2 Live Build Matrix
34
3.3 Development
38
Four
:
58
The LAND 2016
4.1 The Live Build Event
58
4.2 Live Build by Numbers
63
4.3 Event Journal
64
Five :
Conclusions
153
Bibliography
164
List of Figures
168
Appendix A - Participants Info Package
178
Appendix
B - Health and Safety
198
Appendix
C - Construction drawings
204
Appendix
D - Costings for The LAND event
220
Appendix
E - Precedent Questionnaires
Appendix
F - Participants Questionnaires
226
Appendix
G - Team LAND Profiles
236
222
1
1.1 Introduction Throughout it’s projects, constructLab binds the creative and the practical, thinking and making, and sets the project within a social, environmental and temporal context.” (Constructlab, 2016).
Documented in this publication is an examination of the ‘Live Build’ as a tool for
transcending the boundary between academia and practice that exists in contemporary architecture. How might a typically education-based mechanism develop into an approach for establishing future modes of practice? A study of a diverse range of Live Build examples from around the architectural world will be analysed to determine what areas of the academia/practice spectrum they occupy. Through an extensive but non-exhaustive examination of examples from four contexts; Global, European, UK and Scotland, I will develop a cross-sectional overview of current Live Build trends for comparison.
Supplementing the investigation will be reference to the leading figures of Live
Build theories for the purpose of developing a contemporary Live Build User’s Manual that has relevance to the changing architectural education and profession of today. The comparable guidance document, Live Project Good Practice: A Guide for the Implementation of Live Projects (Sara, 2006) will be challenged as part of this process and will demonstrate the progression of thought in this field over the past ten years.
To test the suitability of the Manual it will be deployed as a case study under test
conditions acting as guidance for the organisation and running of this years The LAND 2016 Live Build event. Critical analysis of the subsequent event will reflect the success of the project itself and the suitability of the Manual and the Live Build as an accepted operational tool in the education and profession of architecture.
2
Figure 1 The Fifth Silo. Pointon outlined in part one of The Next Generation of Architectural Practice (section 4.3) the tools being used by emerging Architects. This section considers the Live Build in a comparable manner.
‘LIVE BUILD’ - Folly - Experiment - Education - Community - Construction
3
2.1 Contemporary Examples of Live Build The Global Diagram
“Live projects are one example of innovative educational practice that are being explored in a number of settings in built environment education and have been commonly taken up as an alternative approach to the design studio by the design disciplines.� (Sara 2006)
This section of the study gathers examples of Live Builds from Four contexts;
Global, European, UK and Scotland. The examples are chosen to give a true representation of their location and produce a cross-sectional understanding of what the tendencies and priorities are within each location. Each of the case studies operates either within the construction industry, academia or somewhere in-between. I have identified only examples which meet the criteria and share a degree of construction education in their endeavours.
My intentions are to use the the following examples to construct an overview of
how this tool is used in various different locations, what form it generally takes there and how these can inform the establishment of a new Live Build event.
4
Figure 2,
Rural Studio - Program Location: Auburn, USA Founded: 1993
EUROPE
By: D.K. Ruth and Samuel Mockbee Origin: Designed to give students a hands-on education whilst aiding the local community in western Alabama.
UK
Design/BuildLAB - Programme Location: Virginia Tech / France. Founded: 2008 By: Keith and Marie Zawistowski, Origin: A project based experiential learning programme. Student are encouraged to collaborate with communities and professionals in the process of creating architecture.
5
Global Diagram
GLOBAL
Studio North - Practice Location: Calgary, Canada. Founded: 2009 By: Mathew Kennedy and Mark Erickson. Origin: A design and build practice born from the establishers passion from a young age for hands-on interaction with both designing and building.
Coastal Studio - Programme Location: Nova Scotia, Canada. Founded: 2004 By: Ted Cavanagh, Dalhousie University. Origin: A research unit based in the Faculty of Architecture and Planning at Dalhousie University. It has it’s interests in hands-on engagement with coastal communities.
6
“The Rural Studio philosophy suggests that everyone, both rich and poor, deserves the benefit of good design. To fulfil this ethic, the Studio has evolved towards more communityoriented projects. Projects have become multiyear, multi-phase efforts traveling across three counties.�
Figures 3, 4, 5 , 6 Rural Studio
(Rural Studio)
Rural Studio
Newbern Fire Station - Community facility Operating as more than just a fire station this is the first public building in Newbern for 110 years and gives space for fund raising and other community gatherings.
Rose Lee House - Improving housing One example from the 20k house series where students are involved with designing and building affordable high quality housing for impoverished community members.
Greensboro Animal Shelter - Community facility Using advanced technologies to efficiently create a community facility that otherwise could not be afforded by the community.
Lion Park Scouts - Community facility In an effort of materials research this project involved the sourcing and application of small diameter treated timbers as cladding and structural support.
(http://www.ruralstudio.org/)
“ ...the design/buildLAB is a project-based experiential learning program focused on the research, development and implementation of innovative construction methods and architectural designs. Students collaborate with local communities and industry experts to conceive and realize built works of architecture that are both educational and charitable in nature.�
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 Design/buildLAB
7
(design/buildLAB)
Design/buildLAB
Smith Creek pedestrian Bridge - Redevelopment of public park A project involving mixed materials and involved with connecting public spaces.
Masonic Amphitheatre - Public facility. Technically advanced construction with sculpted timber clad wall to direct acoustics.
Covington Farmers Market - Public facility A project dealing with the scale of a town and its public space. High quality of construction and finish.
Mobile Home Dissection- Affordable housing solutions Third year architecture studio completed this project dealing with complexities of construction at a manageable scale.
(http://www.designbuildlab.org/)
8
Figures 11, 12 ,13 ,14 Studio North
“Studio North connects design with building and craft, where a relationship is maintained between the architectural idea and the act of making.�
(Constructlab)
Studio North
Dining Hall at Ross Creek - Community facility Lamella structure used which involves computer modelling and cnc technology in its process.
Dream Dive - Private commission. A simple structure made from re-used materials on-site.
Parallax - Exhibition Designed as a visual experience to interact with the crowds who view and pass by.
Fort - Playhouse Multilevel playhouse with a play on contrasting material of existing house.
(http://studionorth.ca/projects)
“Coastal Studio works to advance the designbuild model of architectural education and practice. In consultation with coastal communities, Studio students design and construct innovative structures to shelter community activities. Coastal Studio focuses on the development of innovative design and construction techniques that marry new technologies with traditional methods and materials.�
Figures 15, 16, 17, 18 Coastal Studio
Coastal Studio
9
(Coastal Studio)
Camera Obscura Brick Shell - Public space Parabolic structure used to create this shelter shows a use of alternative and experimental construction methods.
Petit Cercle - Community function Designed and built in short time frame. Woven timber structure used.
Lafayette Strong Pavilion - Public gathering space Complex gridshell structure completed in collaboration with University of Louisiana Lafayette.
Farmers Market - Community facility Pavilion structure testing innovative ways of building within regional contexts and local building materials.
(http://dalcoastalstudio.com/)
10
Figure 19
SALT - Event Location: Sandhornøy, Norway Founded: 2010 By: Rintala Eggertsson Architects Origins: An arts festival which involves the design and construction of large scale installations by architects and students.
UK SCOTLAND
Colectivo Warehouse - Collective Location: Lisboa, Portugal Founded: 2003 By: Rúben Teodoro, Ricardo Morais and Sebastião de Botton Origins: An architecture and art collective based on a hands-on approach. Participative architecture is where they angle their focus towards with an aim to have social and cultural impacts.
11
European Diagram
EUROPE
Constructlab - Collaborative practice Location: Berlin Founded: 1997 By: Community organisation Origins: Set up as a collaborative construction practice that specialises in experimental constructions. Its interests include bringing the interests of the architect and the builder closer together.
Raumlabor - Collaboration Location: Berlin Founded: 1999 By: Andrea Hofmann, Axel Timm, Benjamin Foerster-Baldenius, Christof Mayer, Florian Stirnemann, Francesco Apuzzo, Frauke Gerstenberg, Jan Liesegang, Markus Bader, Matthias Rick. Origins: Founded on ideas of changing the world from the ground up, through small scale, deeply rooted interventions.
12
“ConstructLab is the description of a collaborative construction practice working on both ephemeral and permanent projects. Unlike the conventional architectural process in which the architect designs and the builder builds, in constructLab projects conception and construction are brought together.�
Figures 20, 21, 22, 23 Constructlab
(Constructlab)
Constructlab
Constructruir Junto - community functions A series of requested facilities for the community designed and built by students.
Casa do vapor - community function Meeting point for local community with creation of a communal kitchen.
Tearo Del Mare - Community facility This timber pavilion was designed to as historical reference to what existed there before it and provides for functions such as kitchen and events.
UFO in Warsaw - Public events space The transformation of an otherwise unspectacular public space into amulti-use events pavilion.
(http://constructlab.net/)
“Architecture is an experimental laboratory for a moment related to the participatory work practice in urban areas. Architecture is understood not as an object, but rather as history, a layer of the history of the place. As architects, artist we are more of activists, because we operate within the city. Architecture is a tool, in the search for a city of possibilities, the city of tomorrow!”
Figures 24, 25, 26, 27 Raumlabor
13
(Raumlabor)
Raumlabor
Summer School - Experimental Workshop to question the meaning of community in today’s society through various spatial creations.
Kitchen Monument at Berlinische Galerie Mobile pavilion to provide community kitchen in the city.
Vortex - Public pavillion Built for the TODAYSTART festival this sculptural whirlwind was constructed mostly from local waste materials.
Officina Roma - Experimental house Built entirely out of trash providing sleeping room, kitchen and workshop it’s focus was experimental building practice.
(http://raumlabor.net/)
14
“it is a process in which we engage and therefore it includes all our relationships with each other, with materials, with things, with tools, with landscapes, lands and territories, and winds, and suns, and rains and waters and animals and with words, the words we know and the words the others say… And that’s why it is so magic when one can just let go and focus on those relationships, and architecting becomes so entangled with people, their personalities and their personal relationships…”
(SALT)
Fish Rack - Art installation Inspired by Norwegian fish racks the construction is flexible and transportable as required by the festival which has several locations around the artic and subartic area.
SALT Siida - Event lodgings Inspired by artic nomadic structures this accommodation facilities are designed and built by students to withstand rough Arctic climates.
Figures 28, 29, 30, 31 SALT
SALT
Pepper - Art installation Built in contrast to the SALT frame-like structure of the same event this takes on a heavy form with cor-ten steel roof.
Sky bound cabin - Event lodgings Built as part of a series of lodgings this particular one was built to resemble a large insect moving along the sand.
(http://www.salted.no/)
“In our search for what architecture is nowadays and what role the architects play, Warehouse aims to find a contemporary architectural praxis through design, experimentation and hands-on approach on projects for public and private space.”
Figures 32, 33, 34, 35 Colectivo Warehouse
15
(Colectivo Warehouse)
Colectivo Warehouse
Cozinha Comunitária das Terras da Costa - Community facility A highly participatory build event that involved local communities were actively involved in the design and build process.
Sopa Da Pedra - Public intervention The focus of these installations was to reactivate the public realm and gather locals and whoever was passing by.
Observatorium - Public intervention Aiming to become a meeting point and discussion starter this structure has as much interest in its process as its final product.
Casa do Vapor - Community facility Built as a cultural centre for the local community. This projects relates to others by Colectivo Warehouse through the sharing of materials.
(http://warehouse.pt/)
16
Figure 36
Design and Make - Programme Location: Hooke Park, Dorset Founded: 2002 By: Architectural Association School of Architecture Origins: Set up as a Masters programme of the AA school of architecture this example is an off campus extension of the London based school created to give an environment suitable for the “physical realisation of built projects. “
Centre for Alternative Technology - School Location: Powys, Wales Founded: 1973 By: Gerard Morgan-Grenville Origin: Originally formed as a community “dedicated to eco-friendly principles and a ‘test bed’ for new ideas and technologies.”They have graduate school based in the Wales Institute for Sustainable Education offering a professional diploma in architecture.
17
UK Diagram
UK
SCOTLAND Studio Bark -Practice Location: London Founded: 2014 By: Wilf Meynell Origin: This collaborative studio was formed with interests in environmentally-focused design and takes a hands-on approach to research, design and fabrication frequently running student Live Builds.
OB1 Live - Programme Location: Oxford Founded: 2007 By: Jane Anderson Origin: Initiated as an idea to take the long summer break opportunity for architecture students to get hands-on building experience. Now ingrained in the curriculum it’s focus is situating students in real world scenarios in which to carry out projects.
18
“Students of Design & Make use the prototyping and realisation of buildings as vehicles for design research, developing modes of architectural design that integrate full-scale making.�
Figures 37, 38, 39, 40 Design & Make
(AA Design & Make)
Design & Make
Student Lodge 3 - Accommodation for facility Student design and build project using timber-framed construction and recycled local materials.
Biomass boiler house - Facility function Built to supply heat to the Hooke Park campus buildings using local woodchips. Large scale of construction and complex construction.
Big Shed - Facility function The first building of Design and Make produces a large scale building for future events to take place at the facility.
Timber Seasoning Shelter - Facility function An experiment in using steam-bent timber this shelter will be used to stack drying of locally sourced timber.
(http://designandmake.aaschool.ac.uk/)
“We run a range of postgraduate courses on renewable energy and sustainability and adaptation, as well as a Professional Diploma in Architecture. Continuing professional development and short courses are also available.�
Figures 41, 42, 43, 44 CAT
19
(Centre for Alternative Technology)
Centre for Alternative Technology
Rammed Earth Vault - material experiment A student experiment with rammed earth as a construction material testing out the possibility of making an arch, without preceding examples of this.
Palletecture - Structure experiment A limited range of materials given to students to make complex structures from relatively ubiquitous resources.
Build it Live - Workshop event The event included sustainable material seminars on making a cob wall and rendering with clay on hay bales.
Serenity - Facility function A range of constructions were designed and built by students the process included logistic organisations.
(http://www.cat.org.uk/index.html)
20
“Studio Bark designs and builds innovative buildings and installations where poetics of space merge with carefully selected material palettes and considered technical details.�
Figures 45, 46, 47, 48 Studio Bark
(Studio Bark)
Studio Bark
Warren Lodge - Client project Involving the design and construction of a barn using UK sourced materials and a team of students with little construction experience.
The Bench - Public art Experimental design and construction methods using fabric forming to replicate acouch from in concrete.
UEL Construction Week - Public art Focused on delivery technical and structural guidance to UEL students this project invovled experimentation with simple materials to create the pavilion.
Future Bike - Exhibition event A collaborative event with a sustainable and experimental goal of designing a customisable bike that can be grown at home.
(http://www.studiobark.co.uk/)
“An essential part of the OB1 LIVE experience is reality. Real clients. Real planners and building control inspectors. Real institutions. With real budgets, construction and site constraints. We work with many stakeholders and all students participate in the project, as they feel able.�
Figures 49,50,51,52 OB1 Live
21
(OB1 Live)
OB1 live
Sound of place - public intervention Simple materials and simple constructions used to create interesting interventions with a purpose in the city.
Strategies for place improvement - Public intervention Tasks to consider how to improve under-used areas of the city through constructions.
Ightham Mote - Bried development A series of constructions to consider revising the current point of entry to an existing monor house, Ightham Mote.
Playable Buildings - Event A range of structures and interventions designed and built for the Audiograft Festival.
(http://architecture.brookes.ac.uk/)
22
Figure 53
Tog Studio - Summer School Location: Isle of Tiree Founded: 2011 By: RIchard Campbell, Micheal Holliday, Lynne Cox and Chris Hall Origins: With a background interest of selfbuild ideologies, Tog runs summer build projects for a wide range of participants putting a large focus on the construction education that is delivered through it’s events.
Wiston Lodge - Programme Location: Wiston, South Lanarkshire. Founded: 2010 By: Strathclyde Department of Architecture Origin: Bringing hands-on designing and building projects into the architectural curriculum at Strathclyde Wiston Lodge is the location that first year shelter projects are built on a yearly basis.
23
Scottish Diagram
SCOTLAND Mhor Micro - Event Location: Ballquhidder, Stirling Founded: 2014 By: Tom Lewis, Dick Lewis and Darran Crawford. Origin: The stunning setting of Monachyle Mhor provides the backdrop to a creative design laboratory for small scale architectural installations.
Test Unit - Event Location: Glasgow Founded: 2016 By: Lee Ivett, Kate Darby, Neil McGuire and Rebecca Davies. Origin: Based on the conviction that change comes from activism particularly in public space.
24
“Tog is a Gaelic word meaning ‘build’, ‘raise’, ‘educate’ and ‘excite’; just what we hope to achieve..”
Figures 54, 55, 56, 57 Tog Studio
(Tog Studio)
Tog Studio
Tog House - Client project Two week, large scale construction course to fabricate and erect structural walls at ground level and the roof trusses.
Kettle - Community facility Small scale design and build of cafe-kiosk. Involves high level of technical detailing and finishes.
2014 Boathouse - Community facility A second stage project to extend the previous years boathouse with a chard timber clad addition.
2012 Lighthouse - Pavilion Built as a an icon to the historical nature of the site this 5m high timber lighthouse pays homage to the Stevenson’s Skerryvore Lighthouse 11 miles out at sea from this site.
(http://www.togstudio.co.uk/)
Figures 58, 59, 60, 61 Wiston Lodge
“Our initial Project within Year 1 of the Architectural Studies Course continues to challenge the students to consider the notion of “Shelter”. As in previous years, the brief does not prescribe what we may be sheltering from, preferring to evoke individual reactions from the students.” (University of Strathclyde)
Wiston Lodge
To Shelter - experimentation Annual event with around 12 structures produced each year. Prefabrication and simple materials used. Focus on learning construction processes and structural principles.
25
26
“The concept is to challenge Scotland’s creative young minds; to propose new ways to allow visitors to Monachyle to experience this ever-changing landscape and to give young designers both the chance to see their ideas turn into architecture and to also allow them the freedom to build their creations for themselves..”
Figures 62, 63, 64, 65 Mhor Micro
(Mhor Micro)
Mhor Micro
The Lookout - Pavilion A project experimenting with theories of learning by doing and situating an object within a landscape, the structure provides a thing to look at and look from.
Uaimh (the Cave) - Sculpture An experiment in using non-precious materials (OSB) to create an intriguing form with a mix of standard and advanced construction technologies.
The Sheiling - Pavilion Slatted horizontal timbers are layered up to created the pavilion with views through and upwards.
Ferry Terminal - Facility accommodation Re-used structures turned into high quality accommodation spaces within a stunning landscape.
(http://www.mhormicro.net/)
“Change comes from activism in public space – doing, not just talking..”
Figures 66, 67, 68, 69 Test Unit
27
(Test Unit)
Test Unit
The Secret Billboard - Public art A series of installations including sign-age and memorial bench making statement-interventions in the city
The Nettle Inn - Public intervention Timber structure built with the narrative to consider the interactions between a would be traveller and inn keeper.
Bairds Brae Beacon - Public art A ‘beacon’ designed and constructed to spin and recall the sites previous occupation as a cinema.
Ghost Wall - Public intervention A timber structure to bring attention to a piece of ruin in the city.
(www.invisiblestudio.org)
28
29
Summary- Overview of precedent study
It is valuable to take a moment to consider the examples that have been brought
together in this section.
The case studies in Scotland can be generalised as being rural based projects
(with the exception of Test Unit) with a common theme of experimentation and learning by doing through all examples. As Scotland is the narrowest scope taken in this part of the study it is fair to say that these examples give an accurate representation of the majority of Live Builds taking place.
Within the UK diagram it is found that there is a large focus on experimentation
or research with specific materials and construction techniques more than other regions analysed here. Another theme found in the UK is the small scale interventions or events that are less concerned with realistic professional construction and more about interaction with the environment or others.
Examples from Europe appear distinctly different to most other regions in the ethos
of the Live Build. When considering Constructlab, Raumlabor or Constructivo Warehouse it appears there is a priority for Live Builds to be run as temporary events and interactions with urban public spaces. The projects from these examples are largely community involved with the Live Build being used as the producer of necessary functions and spaces for this interaction.
North America dominates the Global diagram with it’s examples. This is due to
the US being home to some of the longest running examples of the modern day Live Build and it’s huge popularity in this region. The examples from this context are diverse and noticeably more advanced (or at least closer to the construction industry standard of built projects) than other regions. Examples including commercial, socially conscious and experimental are well established.
30
Figures 70
31
3 .1 Live Build Users Manual- Definition
Produced in conjunction with the Next Generation of Architectural Practice study
are 5 ‘Newspaper’ supplements. This following section of this publication should be read side by side with the ‘Live Build’ edition of these Newspapers.
As the Live Build project is becoming increasingly prevalent in the academic and
professional worlds (Sara, 2006:1) and (Carpenter, 2010;5) it is important to consider the possible ways in which these may be set up and establish useful ground rules for any budding Live Builder. As such, this newspaper provides a step-by-step User’s Manual for anyone with these considerations.
The literature used to inform this User’s Manual ranges in context and subject
matter. The key informants in the field are as follows:
- Rachel Sara of the University of Plymouth who in 2006 produced Live Project Good
Practice: A Guide for the Implementation of Live Projects.
- Jane Anderson and Colin Priest who are largely responsible for the organisation of the OB1
LIVE events at the Oxford Brookes school of architecture.
- William Carpenter based in the US who complied Design Build Studio in 2010.
- Steve Badanes also based in the US and known in the field as the “Godfather of design-
build” (Butts-Ball, 2014).
32
In 2006 Rachel Sara offered “a checklist of approaches for good practice” as a
piece of guidance for design tutors in the implementation of educational Live Build projects (Sara, 2006:1). This study looks to branch out from the document produced one decade ago with a more generalised piece of guidance that covers all potential avenues of consideration, both within and out-with academia.
The structure of this Sara’s 2006 guidance document has been categorised into
four areas:
-
Setting up the Project
-
Introducing the Project
-
In the Process of the Project
-
At the Close of the Project
Along with the influences stated above the User’s Manual in this study has taken
inspiration from the framework of the 2013 RIBA Plan of Works (RIBA, 2013). The five step plan is as follows:
-
Get a project
- Design - Prepare - Build - Record
This differs from the example set out by Sara due to hers being more concerned
with the Live Build in academia opposed to a more general guide as proposed in the Live Build newspaper.
33
As found in part one of the Next Generation of Architectural Practice the
procurement of projects in general is a changing situation (Pointon, 2016). As the academic Live Build generally has its own systems for ‘getting a project’ Step One offers guidance to those who seek to set up a Live Build out-with academia. The design stage is seen in many Live Build examples to differ in its approach (Rural studio collaborative design/ Yale Building Project competition run design) and as such Step Two attempt to shine light on this stage of the process. A larger proportion of the project than generally assumed is the logistical organisation required in the process of a Live Build and step three details and offers advice on many of the points of consideration. Step four gives an overview of the typical Live Build site-conditions to be expected. The final Step of the guide discusses methods and benefits to documentation of Live Build projects.
Whilst considering the “RIBA/ARB criteria for validation and prescription” that
educational bodies require is important (Sara, 2006:1), alternative ways to develop architectural praxis with the use of the Live Build tool should be considered (Warehouse). The opportunity to maximise the power of the Live Build as a ‘tool’ available to those within academia and those emerging as young architects should be taken.
34
Figures 71
35
3.2 Live build matrix
The Live Build project has multiple forms that it can take and as such there are various decisions to consider before establishing a project or long term programme. The criteria set out by Anderson and Priest uses the following characteristics to analyse the history of OB1 LIVE’s Live Build projects :
-
Number of students
-
Curricular or extra-curricular
-
One idea or multiple ideas generated (for a project)
-
Recording of ideas
-
Is the object created a prototype or final design.
(Anderson and Priest, 2012:52)
These questions can be useful to consider however they are limited in their scope
as they purely focus on the academic Live Build. Also remarked upon is the requirement for academia based Live Builds to require a ‘matching up’ of curricular time with ‘real’ time with the former being deemed more restrictive as it has a narrower annual window. (Anderson and Priest, 2012:52). Inherent in all Live Builds is timing. This takes many guises such as, the length of time the project will take from inception to completion, the length of time the build phase will take, the permanence of the construction or indeed the programme itself (annual, one off etc.) and timing of general preparation.
In her checklist for implementing the Live Build, Sara States that the tutor should
play an advisory role to the students, “develop the position of expert advisor and facilitator to the project…” (Sara, 2006:5). This is understandable as the tutor, by nature offers guidance, however, in the case of the non-academic Live Build project it poses the question; how might one attain a project for the first time?
The architectural office Roots Design were described as being exemplary in
sourcing their multi-disciplinary work as an emerging architects practice (Pidgin Perfect,
36
Figures 72
37
2011). The reason for their success is deemed to be the fact that they are motivated enough to self-initiate it.
Another note on the subject of procuring a Live Build project is to be found in
the interview between Paul Pointon and Sarah Frood. Being questioned on her first steps in the profession of architecture Sarah reflects that as a business, Ice Cream Architecture required time to consider the business strategy whilst at the same time actively seeking out funding. (Frood, 2016)
As demonstrated in the ‘Live Build Matrix’ opposite, this users manual takes many
of the criterion that have been discussed and adds to them. What is produced is a broad range of pointers and their associated spectrum of options to consider in the set up of a Live Build. This matrix should not be used as an exhaustive list but more as a tool to provoke the type of organisational thought required for such a process.
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Figures 73
39
3.3 Development
The three fundamentals of all Live
Build projects, without which the project could not take place are as follows; funding, client and team. The team can consists of various members, generally participants and the organisers. Sara discusses academia based scenarios in which the participants would equate to the students and the organisers would be played by the tutor or ‘facilitator’ (Sara, 2006:5).
The client is often a community or
organisation which can provide a brief, site and occasionally funding (Anderson and Priest, 2012:60). In an institution based Live Build it is not always necessary to involve a client as the project can be briefed and located by tutors, however Sara suggests the involvement of ‘external collaborators’ to allow the project to be as much in the ‘real world’ as possible. (Sara, 2006:4)
As previously mentioned in the
examples of Roots Design, self-initiating a project is a potential method of procurement. Dress for the Weather is an architectural practice which forms itself on self-initiated projects and research (Dress for the Weather, 2016) highlighting that this is a common avenue for emerging architects to pursue
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Figures 74
41
whilst seeking multi-disciplinary work.
Earlier this year a team of architects
and architecture students were gathered to design and eventually fabricate a series of small pavilions for the Mhor Micro event (Mhor Micro, 2016). This gives an example of a client commission Live Build project where there is a desire and brief prepared and ready to go and the initiation of the project comes by the client seeking out suitable organisers and participants.
42
Figures 75
43
An example in the US, Yale Building Project, has come under criticism for the
competitive environment that exists amongst the student design team due to the design process they deploy. Although this reflects common competition based procurement routes of the profession it is claimed that the results from this process fractured team (some members pleased that their design has bee chosen to be built, others unhappy that theirs wasn’t) that then must work together in constructing the project (Carpenter, 2010;35).
The Parade of Lights design and Build event held at Dalhousie University faculty of
Architecture and Planning deployed a competition based design process to determine the submissions for the parade that would be developed and then fabricated amongst the team. An approach taken by event leaders Jen Kinnunen and Shalini Makdani was to host several design charrettes over a period of three weeks in which the team worked in small groups to develop a few different ideas. At the end of these weekly sessions, updates would be discussed and a consensus decision was made on the direction of the overarching concept throughout the team. The development of this ensured that the team had a shared goal to achieve and at the same time the designs were distinct and unique. In the development and fabrication stages that ensued, there was no issues of a fractured team as there was a shared goal from an early stage in the project (Grant, 2016).
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Figures 76
45
Rural Studio is an exemplary programme for the scale and social impact that its
projects manage to achieve (Anderson and Priest, 2012:54). Basing itself in a community to carry out the design and construction of buildings that improve community facilities and the living conditions of the impoverished inhabitants, Rural Studio sets out an ambitious target for itself and manages to achieve this with students at early stages in their architectural education. This example is one of achievable ambition. It would not be as world-renowned a programme if its impact was not as significant as it is, equally it would not accomplish projects without it’s targets being realistic and manageable.
Carpenter, in his eight-points of advice for running Live Build projects states
“Incorporate cutting-edge technology� (Carpenter, 2010:53) as his top priority.
Opposing to this train of though is Ghost Lab, a Live Build example where craft
and traditional construction was at the forefront of its ethos. As an approach this is a wholly justifiable endeavour and the Ghost Lab would not have been as inspirational as it otherwise might have been.
Examples such as the Design and Make, Centre
for Architectural Structures and Technology and Centre for Alternative Technology have established themselves on the involvement of construction technologies as a focus to their hands-on learning environments. The experimentation that takes place at the Design and Make programme, as part of the AA school of architecture, is seen to be hugely valuable, not only to the hands-on learning that it delivers to its students but also in the progression of advanced structural system research. (Nakabayashi, 2012:15). This demonstrates an avenue for the Live Build model to reach its potential as a tool to the education and profession of architecture as demonstrated in the authors 2015 dissertation (grant, 2015:101).
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Figures 77
47
Step three looks at the vital aspect of
the Live Build process; preparation.
In Sara’s good practice guidance
document one of the first points she suggests in the ‘Setting up the project’ stage is to incorporate a flexibility in all time-scales of the project (Sara, 2006:4). Included in this point is that all logistics for the project are prepared as early a stage in the project as possible. She advises that alternatives and back up options should be planned for aspects that may overrun their estimated time-frames.
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Figures 78
49
An important part of the Live Build
User’s Manual preparation stage is to involve expertise in the projects. As seen in Tog Studio events, manufacturers are often invited to give tutorials on how to used their roofing or cladding material, (for example) giving participants expert advice and education of these. Tog Studio events have also included Duncan Roberts of C.A.T and the Walter Segal Self-build Trust as a timber frame and selfbuild expert to deliver tuition and aid in the running of their build projects (Tog Studio, 2014).
Involving external collaborators is
valuable to the project as it can aid to integrate the Live Build team and project into the ‘real world’ (Sara, 2006:4). This can result in a better educational experience for this involved in the project as well as the seeing the project being well received by it’s clients and location.
These thoughts are backed up by
both Carpenter and Badanes each of whom suggest involvement of external collaborators in the Live Build project (Carpenter, 2010:53) and (Badanes, 2010;62).
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Figures 79
51
Stage four of the User Manual looks specifically at the build event itself. Inspiration
for this step has largely come from first hand analysis and reflection of on-site experience.
Micheal Holiday and Lynne Cox organisers of Tog Studio ensure that at each
stage of their Live Builds all members of the team are clear on the overarching tasks to be undertaken by the team. This is reflected in the site briefings given at the beginning of each session on the build site and at additional, key stages throughout the Live Build. This is supplemented by a detailed itinerary included in the Participants Information document delivered to participants in advance of the event (Tog Studio, 2016). All of this goes towards achieving a comprehensive understanding of the process of the build event and what each members role is within the team.
Carpenters suggestion to aid the construction process is to “Integrate the notion
of the unit of production.” (Carpenter; 2010:53). What is meant by this is a similar to prefabrication or modular structural components, both for ease of construction and delivering an education of construction processes. This can result in production lines where all members of the team are operating with an efficient number of members to each task. Too little can make work difficult, too many can waste time.
In the Mhor Micro project, Uaimh (the Cave) delivered in 2016 a team of three
fabricators (the author, Drew Thomson and Ryan Reid) prepared all materials through implicating an efficient production line. The author and Drew Thomson were in charge of marking out 116 layers of 9mm OSB sheets where holding, drawing and moving of sheets required two workers. Ryan Reid was charged with cutting out the markings with a jig-saw. As there was only one tool and one workspace to do this it was a one person task. This is an example of all team members working efficiently in a Live Build construction scenario.
In reflection of Tog Studio’s 2016 Tog House event, a key part of the site set-
up was the relationship of storage and function of ancillary spaces. Space for materials was provided close to road access for ease of drop-off, close to the build site and manufacturing areas for limited amounts of material moving and close to shelter for protection of the materials from the elements. A tool storage room was set up in the
52
Figures 80
53
existing building on the site, this offered a sheltered area to protect the tools from the elements and provide a power source for the charging of batteries. The existing house also provided water and shelter for taking breaks from site-work and having on-site lunches in a comfortable environment. A separate portacabin was installed on-site to give space for storing PPE and getting changed. As the toilet in the existing house was non-operational, the portacabin also included toilet facilities for the site. This experience has informed the considerations posed in the Live Build User’s Manual.
54
Figures 81
55
The final step of the Live Build User’s
Manual is to record the process of the Live Build event.
Sara recommends that from an early
stage in the process that documentation of the project begins (Sara, 2006:4). To give a true overview of the process, recording cannot begin early enough.
A video documentation of the
inaugural Tog Studio Lighthouse project is an example of the benefit in taking time to record the process of the Live Build. The film made by Martin Glegg, was premiered at the New York Architecture & Design Film Festival bringing the event publicity to a worldwide audience (Tog Studio, 2012).
56
Figures 82
57
After the project it can be valuable to
involve the participants in reflecting on the proceedings of the project. This can help to re-enforce the lesson that have been learned by the team and allow those involved to feel a greater sense of engagement (Sara, 2006:5). This reflection can take the form of questionnaires, interviews or general discussion.
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Figure 83
Wiston Lodge SiteLab Phase 2 Pro+Col 01 Shona MacVicar Laura Purdie Luke Lim Kok Yong Yun Ying Lee 1.
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4.1 The LAND 2016- Live Build Event
“It needs to be stressed that learning by example is not only the best and most effective way to learn architecture, it is arguably the only effective way to learn any complex body of knowledge.”
(Abel, 1998;81)
This section of the publication details the organisation and running of a Live Build
project The LAND 2016 undertaken during the course of this masters study. Referring to the User’s Manual this section outlines the event proceed through Preparation, Build and Record steps.
The project has builds upon previous endeavours, namely, the Wiston Wanderer
‘Phase 01’ by Clare Paton and Fiona MacGregor and Wiston Wanderer ‘Phase 02’ produced by Shona MacVicar, Laura Purdie, Luke Lim Kok Yong and Yun Ying Lee.
Phase 01, completed as a Masters of Architecture in 2015, saw the creation of a
multi-functioning indoor classroom from the renovation of a disused caravan.
Phase 02 (early 2016 ) proposed in an addition to this classroom in the hope of
addressing accessibility and sheltering issues with the renovated caravan structure. The developed, ready-to-build proposal from this phase is what was inherited by this Masters study. As this Masters investigation is primarily concerned with exploring the Live Build project, Phase 02 was seen as an ideal opportunity that would be mutually beneficial to both this study and Phase 02, which through misfortune had not been able to be realised earlier this year.
Early on in the process I was in contact with Shona MacVicar and Laura Purdie who
transferred all the information documents (MacVicar, et al. 2016) and drawings that had been produced for the project so that I could begin assessing how it might be used as
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61
the subject of a Live Build project. Their case study had documented development of the project from defining a brief with the clients at wiston lodge, through conceptual design, design development and technical design, with a kit-of-parts set of construction drawings. This document had been produced to a level that it could be picked up by someone new to the project and be built from that information. Which is what was attempted here.
The project was received at Technical Design stage and would be taken through
to Handover and Close Out (RIBA, 2013). Thoroughly analysing the information was important and new set of drawings and models were prepared to ensure a full understanding of the construction methods for the project.
On closer inspection the final proposal was a decking of 6 ‘modules’ and 2 porches
over the door. Costings and construction information had only regarded the 6 decking modules. As part of the process of organising The LAND 2016, designing and technical information had to be produced for the porch elements.
One of the next stages of the project was updating and costing a new kit-of-parts
and producing a materials order list to be discussed by DH with GAT to determine the feasibility of the project in terms of costings and whether any reductions would have to be made.
The LAND 2016 event was run under the heading of a larger programme, The City
and The Land as part of the Festival of Architecture 2016 who were the funders for this event. A balance had to be struck between how the funding would be split between The CITY event and The LAND event and this determined the scale of what The LAND 2016 would have.
All key proceedings from attainment of design through to completed build and
hand-over are documented in the following illustrated event journal.
Preparation: Contributors
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Figure 84
Funding -
Client -
Team -
Festival of Architecture 2016
Wiston Lodge FoA 2016
Organisers: Lewis Grant Paul Pointon Derek Hill Participants: Kirsty Cassels Antony Graham Karen Heaney Beth Kytzia Jamie McCallum Amy McEwan Chris McGowan Aoife Nolan Ayla Riome Sinje Westerhaus
Figure 85
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4.2 Live Build by numbers
It is interesting to consider the proportion of time spent in different areas of the project. A surprising amount of time was involved in correspondence.
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Top Right - Figure 86 Top Left - Figure 87 Bottom Right - Figure 88 Bottom Left - Figure 89
TR : Gusset plates in the process of being pre-drilled arranged in A’s and B’s (either sides of trusses)
TL: Pre-cnc-cut brackets being attached to ridge of the trusses at ground level to be lifted up on to roof in pre-assembled sections
Four: Event Journal
65
4.3 Event Journal Friday 10th of June 2016.
Decision to pursue the Live Build event is made.
Saturday 11th of June 2016.
Lewis Grant (LG) departs Glasgow to take part in the second
shift of Tog Studio’s 2016 Live Build event. First hand experience of running a Live Build is gained as well as advanced construction knowledge of timber kit construction, timber joist manufacturing and installation and manufacturing, assembling and raising of roof trusses.
Potential participants for the LAND event are identified.
Opportunity of getting involved in the LAND event is discussed amongst the group however plans are in early stages and no dates have been decided upon.
66
TR - Access to the roof is by ladder through the opening left for the stair case. Trusses being fixed in position one-by-one. BL - Communication holes happen where OSB has been left off, awaiting ripped sheet to be made before fixing. Helpful for shouting down for help rather than leaning over the sides of the floor deck
Top Right - Figure 90 Top Left - Figure 91 Bottom Right - Figure 92 Bottom Left - Figure 93
Preparation: Research
67
Top Right - Figure 94 Top Left - Figure 95 Bottom - Figure 96
TL - Temporary bracing is fixed to the trusses to secure in position during construction as a safety precaution. BR - Jig constructed locating of the trusses lifted on to the roof for taking some of the
to aid the when being deck. Useful load as well.
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BR - View from ground level . Pile of sheet material stored close to site and is covered and used as temporary work bench while not being used.
Top Right - Figure 97 Top Left - Figure 98 Bottom - Figure 99
Preparation: Research Top - Figure 100 Bottom - Figure 101
T Team socialising both on-site and off site and in the evenings.
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Figure 102; Participant gathering, initial email distributed around the student cohort of Strathclyde Architecture
Preparation: Participant gathering
71
Monday 4th of July 2016.
Questionnaire sent to previous students who have organised a
Live Build events during their studies.
Tuesday 5th of July 2016.
Initial call sent out for participants to those involved with
Tog 2016 event as they are know to be interested in the LAND event and are enthusiastic about the experience of building.
Tuesday 11th of July 2016.
Open call announced to years 1 - 3 and ‘year-out’ of
Strathclyde architecture students.
Tuesday 12th of July 2016.
Paul Pointon (PP) is consulted for potential participants as
he has gathered a list of students known to have been interested in his Live Build event earlier in the year.
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Figure 103 ; Minutes from meeting
Preparation: Tool sourcing
Thursday 21st of July 2016.
Ellen Thomson and Catriona Mirren (CM) emailed to source
email addresses for contacts within other schools of architecture in the Scotland. CM forwards flyer around these contacts.
Wednesday 27th of July 2016.
Correspondence with Jonny Sutherland (JS) of Wiston Lodge
(WL) to determine available tools and health and safety issues involved in using power tools. Meeting with Lynne Harvey (LH) to resolve orders required to be put through by office staff.
Friday 29th of July 2016.
Participants info pack sent out to all participants.
(Appendix A)
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Figure 104; Plan B, email informing LG that material supplier cannot supply material
Preparation: Material ordering
75
Monday 1st of August 2016.
Glasgow All trades (GAT), who had agreed to supply materials,
deliver them to site and assist with the post foundations for the build, informed Derek Hill (DH) that they were no longer able to provide these services. Considering the amount of time left to the commencement of the Live Build workshop a reaction to this is required immediately. LG began sourcing material suppliers in coordination with CM in order to have an order put in as soon as possible.
Also to be considered with this decision was the method of
transport for the material. As the post foundations were arranged to be constructed on Wednesday the 3rd of August, it would not be reasonable to expect a supplier to have the stock available and be able to deliver this to WL in this time frame.
Initially the plan would be to hire a van to pick up
materials on the 3rd of August and deliver them to WL whilst on route to begin the foundations. After amending the materials list to lengths of timber that could fit in a 2.4m transit van it transpired that getting the amount of materials ordered on time for pick up on the 3rd would be almost impossible and the volume of materials would take several trips to WL with this size of van, not to mention the time and effort it would require in moving the materials.
Through discussions with Ryan Reid (RR), the decision was
made to only order the posts to be collected for the 3rd of August and the remainder of materials to be delivered to site in time for the commencement of the workshop.
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Figure 105 ; Material order list, re-calculated including order numbers and sent to CM for order
Preparation: Material ordering
77
The material list had to be amended once again to the size
of materials that could be sourced from the universities FMS list (suppliers who already have and account with Strathclyde). Once suitable materials had been identified these were included along with their product code in a new materials list. This was sent to Catriona for putting in an order to the relevant suppliers (Jewson and Screwfix) along with notes on delivery/pick up arrangements.
Correspondence with Micah Barrett (MB) of WL determines
available tools. Discussions regarding the potential for timber shingle production/demonstration for students to take place during the LAND event.
Tuesday 2nd of August 2016.
Hole borer booked from HSS Hire for collection on the morning
of 3rd August. Collection address: Units 2 4 & 6 Houston Place, Kingston Bridge Industrial Estate, Glasgow, Scotland, G5 8SG
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Figure 106 ; Tool purchases in prep for setting posts
Preparation: Tool sourcing
Arnold Clarke transit van for hire booked.
Postcrete order sent to Cat for ordering.
Confirmation of materials order placed to Jewson.
LG to buy buckets, mark out spray, string line, pencils and
saws (Bakho Panel Saw 244) .
LG to print construction drawings.
LG to phone Jewson to confirm pick up of posts and postcrete
in the morning and delivery address given for remainder of material.
Wednesday 3rd of August 2016. Itinerary for foundation preparation. Things to pack:
-
Construction drawings x 2 copies
-
Mark out spray
-
String line
-
Buckets for mixing postcrete and getting water
- Pencils
-
Tape measure
- Saws
-
Scale rule
-
Broom + handles
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80
Figure 107 ; Order confirmation of borer for digging post holes
Preparation: Tool sourcing
81
LG DH RR to meet at James Weir building @ 9am. Depart for WL
stopping off at HSS Hire and Jewson en-route. Tasks at Wiston Lodge.
Arrive at WL with materials.
Unload van with postcrete, hole borer and posts dropped off
at site.
Site inspection.
Locate nearest water source to site (might have to use van to
transport buckets.
Marking out according to layout drawings.
One person begin sawing posts in half.
Begin boring holes.
Two people sawing whilst holes are being bored.
Once holes are bored begin putting posts into place with
postcrete making sure they are level.
If all posts are in place begin marking posts to be cut to
level.
Depart WL.
Return van.
End of itinerary
Diary of proceedings 8:13am LG to collect lunches and print construction drawings. 8:30am LG DH RR arrive James Weir building. Cannot enter to pick
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Figure 108 ; Re-order receipt for automatic post hole borer as a manual borer was mistakenly ordered initially
Preparation: Site Preparation
83
up equipment as fire alarm has sounded requiring the building to be evacuated. Jewson inform LG that Postcrete order has not been received. 9:00am Contact Aileen Alexander (AA) to check that she has approved Postcrete order placed by CM. AA has been delayed by cancelled train service. 9:17am System has delayed the order reaching AA meaning that it has not reached her before the close of play the night before. Order has now been approved and should take a couple of hours to reach Jewson. 9:23am LG DH RR depart James Weir building to collect rental transit van from Livingston tower en route to HSS Hire to collect hole borer. 10:14am Collect hole borer. Found that a manual borer has been accidentally ordered. HSS locate automatic borer at paisley branch.
Discussion regarding plan for remainder of day is had on
the move. Either to continue with the original plan or to forget picking up the materials (posts and Postcrete) and focus on only achieving the holes as these must be completed whilst the tool has been hired and it must be returned before the close of play this day while team has access to the van for transport. 10:47am Reach HSS Hire and collect automatic hole borer.
It transpires that the borer is a 24 hour hire meaning LG
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B - Loading posts and postcrete into van with help of Jewson’s man.
Top - Figure 109 Bottom - Figure 110
Preparation: Site Preparation
85
and RR can return the borer the following morning with RR’s car to transport. Original plan to collect materials is adhered to. 10:59am Phonecall from Jewson confirms postcrete order is now available to collect. 11:12am Arrive at Jewson. Van loaded with 19 posts and 21 bags of Postcrete 11:27am Depart for WL
12:12am Arrive at filling station to collect petrol for automatic hole borer. 12:30am Arrive at WL. Check in at office. 12:50am Unload van, site inspection and begin marking out of hole locations. Inspecting the site reveals that there is an issue regarding the proximity of the trees to the caravan, meaning that their roots are going to cause significant difficulty for boring of the holes.
A decision was made to adjust the design so that no holes
are required too close to the trees whilst avoiding door and window openings at the same time. This design decision also takes into account the understanding that the porches will be clad with 1220mm wide sheets of ply which were to be ripped length ways to cover the original width of the porch (1745mm). Adjusting the
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Top - Figure 111 Middle - Figure 112 Bottom - Figure 113
T - Initial inspection of site with MB of Wiston Lodge .
M - Digging of critical hole next to tree and operable door. Roots causing issues for digging. Solution is to make hole as far from tree as possible to avoid the roots but not so far that post will cover door swing. B - DH making use of chalk board in the caravan as a means of figuring out on-site adjustments to the design.
Preparation: Site Preparation
87
Top - Figure 114 Middle - Figure 115 Bottom - Figure 116
centres of the porch to 1120mm means that the ply will cover the porch without the need to cut lengthways, something that would be time consuming and potentially out-with the skill set of participants.
On-site sketches used to
calculate the implications of this adjustment to modules and determine the new locations for the holes to be dug. Critical holes closest to any tree and root hazards are started first to ensure these are achieved before the following holes are set out.
After the first two holes
are made with the hole borer a mechanical issue means the hole borer ceases to operate. Assistance is given by MB, who is familiar with similar machinery to see if he can fix the borer but to no avail.
A team of grounds workers
come to assist on-site with the
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Top - Figure 117 Middle - Figure 118 Bottom - Figure 119
T - MB Attempting to fix Hole Borer that broke after only two holes were dug.
M - RR Attaching screw onto set in place perimeter post to run a string-line from to other set in place perimeter post. This will give a datum on which to align other posts as they are positioned and set.
B - Team of WL ground workers come to aid with the digging of holes after Borer proves unfixable.
Preparation: Site Preparation
89
Top - Figure 120 Bottom - Figure 121
digging of the holes to 600mm. This proves tricky where roots exists but straight forwards in other cases. Hole-digging and putting posts in with Postcrete continues simultaneously onsite, the amount of people (11) makes it overcrowded and T - Caravan used as tool and material store at this session. This is was not the most efficient method as the door was very narrow making it difficult to move in and out. This also caused the caravan floor to get very dirty very quickly.
difficult to keep an overview of what is happening.
Eighteen holes are
completed. LG DH & RR continue with setting in posts. A string line is used to create a datum of posts from which the remainder can be set of off. Spirit levels and tape measures are used to ensure the posts are level and in the correct
B Team working on setting posts. One person to hold and check the levelness of the post, one person to pour postcrete and one person to pour water and mix.
positions relative to others. Once the post is levelled one third of a bag of Postcrete is poured into the hole. Water is added and mixed in with a stirrer to create the Postcrete mixture. This process is repeated twice more until the bag of Postcrete has been used.
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Top - Figure 122 Middle - Figure 123 Bottom Right - Figure 124 Bottom Left - Figure 125
M - End of work on site. Perimeter posts set in position. All holes are dug. Site cleared and van packed.
Preparation: Site Preparation
91
Depending on how tight fitting the hole is to the post varies the amount of Postcrete required for each hole. The alterations to the design on-site mean that there is enough postcrete to afford more than the one bag per hole that was accounted for. All perimeter post are set in place and site clear-up begins. 5:38pm Depart WL for University of Strathclyde.
Thursday 4th of August 2016.
9:00am LG and RR depart Glasgow for HSS Hire. 9:45am Arrival at HSS Hire. Dispute failure of hired hole borer and the implications this caused (requiring a team of manual hole diggers to complete the task. Full refund is agreed.
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Figure 126 ; Screwfix tool list ordered by LH for delivery to department of architecture in advance of event.
Preparation: Tool ordering / Reflection
93
10:30am Notes are taken in reflection of previous days events in order to improve preparation for the LAND event. Pointers made by DH:
1.
We could/should have a set of drawings on the wall of
the caravan. I’m sure the rain soaked the other ones yesterday? 2. We need to make sure we don;t just use the caravan as a tool store. Perhaps we set up the back of the van for tools leaving the seating to the front usable. 3. Our tool management was pretty bad yesterday - lots lying about. Can we use the large blue crate to store tools when outside? 4. I’m keen to miss out the middle posts - they seem like over kill. 5. Too many people in the area was tricky yesterday so I think we need to consider where everyone works and avoid overlaps.
LG to consider these points and devise solutions for each.
10:59am Contact Jewson to find out what time delivery of materials will be to WL. Delivery has already been made. Phone call to WL to check location of material so that the moving of this can be accounted for on arrival. Also checking that the material delivered includes all items ordered to ensure no shortages of
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Figure 127; Sainsbury’s list compiled by LG.
Preparation: Tool ordering / Reflection
95
material. Materials are stored in car park and will have to be carried from this location to site on arrival. 1:07pm Tool list compiled and sent to LH to be ordered form Screwfix.
Correspondence with Lynne regarding gluten intolerant
participant is required to compile an food order to be delivered by Sainsbury’s to WL. This will provide two lunches and a BBQ and will be prepared by team LAND. 2:43pm Sainsbury’s shopping list sent to LH to be ordered.
Friday 5th of August 2016. 14:00am LG to assist LH in ordering of Sainsbury’s order list and send for approval. LH send tools list order for approval.
Querying of Screwfix order as first order delivery was supposed
to be on the 4th of August. Through checking delivery status it is found that delivery has failed due to address issues. LH chases this up and informs delivery company of the department details for redelivery on Monday.
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Figure 128; Purchasing of tools and materials in prep for event.
Preparation: Tool ordering / Reflection
97
Saturday 6th of August 2016. 9:00am LG to amend construction drawings according to developments on site. This will aid on-site construction by preparing the dimensions of each component to be created. 6:25pm LG and Sinje Westerhaus (SW) to collect remaining tools and equipment in preparation for the event beginning. List of items includes broom handle (for dowel joints, has to be determined in store so that the appropriate dimension of drill bit can be purchased at the same time.) As the dowel detail would require downward force to be applied at high level if the dowel and hole connection is too tight, a slightly oversized drill bit is to be used to allow the dowel connection to easily slide together and be connected with wood glue and pinning screws. RR suggests flat-head drill bit opposed to an auger bit, as the flat-head is easier to used for inexperienced builders.
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Figure 129
Preparation: Production of scale models for demonstration Figure 130
T- Demonstration model of c o m p l e t e d posts of porch. B- Porch section assembled and lifted into position.
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Figure 131 ; Fixings and tool delivery checked over on arrival.
Preparation: Tool preparation
101
Monday 8th of August 2016.
Tasks for final day of preparation.
LG to print:
-
Feedback questionnaire
-
Construction drawings
-
Bee hotel “brief� including inspiration images.
-
Blueprint draft
-
Charge batteries; tools & cameras
Other
10:58am Screwfix deliveries arrive at the department. Checked over to ensure no tools or fixings are missing by LG and batteries put on charge in preparation for following day departure. 5:46pm Documents printed in preparation for tomorrows event. Extra copies made as back ups.
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Figure 132; Team LAND
Build 103
Tuesday 9th of August 2016.
EVENT DAY 01
Travel, introductions and post fixings 9:00am Printing of itinerary and consent forms. Charging of batteries. 9:45am Moving of bags and tools to lobby of James Weir building. Team begin to assemble. 10:00am Introductions and loading of minibus begins. Ayla Riome (AR) held up slightly by train delay. 10:39am Minibus departs Glasgow for WL. 11:28am Phone to announce our approaching arrival and arrange lunch time. 11:32am arrival at WL. 11:45am Introduction to WL given by JS. Fire Register submitted to JS and room allocations decided amongst team. Decant bags from minibus to cabins. 12:15am Lunch provided by the Lodge.
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Top Right - Figure 133 Top Left - Figure 134 Middle Right - Figure 135 Middle Left - Figure 136 Bottom - Figure 137
TR and
- Team meet at James Weir building load their bags into the minibus.
TL - Team introduced to accommodation cabins.
MR - JS gives team introductory welcome to WL and safety briefing.
Build 105
Top Right - Figure 138 Top Left - Figure 139 Middle Right - Figure 140 Middle Left - Figure 141 Bottom - Figure 142
TL - ST provides team with PPE. TR - Pile of delivered material left at lodge by Jewson’s. The team had to spend the first hour carrying materials up to site. This was expected however it was more exhaustive than imagined. ML Working in pairs to share the load and ensure safety when carrying. MR - Pile of material arranged by type and located near to path to save carrying any further than necessary and close to work areas of site for easy access and minimal moving required. B - Material located to right of image space between material pile and caravan includes workspace and the location for construction. Tool store located at front of caravan.
106
Top Right - Figure 143 Top Left - Figure 144 Middle Right - Figure 145 Middle Left - Figure 146 Bottom - Figure 147
TR - MB shows team around Biomass store and boiler. B - DH giving tour and informing team of the history of WL as well as the caravan project that they will shortly be contributing to.
Build 107
12:50am Return to cabins to allow team to get into work clothing and prepare for going on site. Stuart Thomson (ST) a health and safety assistant assigned to the event by WL provides the group with PPE equipment. 1:00pm Team begin carrying materials from Lodge carpark to site. A break is suggested as the carrying of materials proves to be exhaustive work. 1:50pm DH leads team on a tour of the WL grounds, giving background to the Wiston Wanderer project and its history to date. MB gives an impromptu tour of biomass boiler. LG to prepare site and tools. Caravan door proves challenging to open causing delay. LG catches up with tour which concludes back at the site of the caravan. 2:30pm Work begins on site with briefing by LG of post setting procedure. Team divides into groups to position 4 remaining posts. Once complete, demonstration of hand saw cutting is given by LG. Team take turns to cut lengths of timber to act as joists between posts. Another group work on setting a string line level along the posts to give marker points at which the joists will sit. Marks are made and 7 of a required 10 joists are cut by close of play. Site tidied and tools stored in catering cabin over night. 6:00pm Dinner served by WL.
108
TL - Issues with entering caravan as door handle is broken. An unexpected delay but access to the caravan is fortunately not necessary at this point. TR- Postcrete set out and tools prepared by LG whilst DH leads tour of WL so that team are ready to start on site when they return. ML - Site work begins with LG giving demonstration of post setting process using assistants in the process.
MR - Participants get hands-on involved with the post setting. One person holding post level with a spirit level while two others pour postcrete and water, mixing them together.
B - LG gives basic demonstration to entire team on how to use a hand saw. This is will allow a group to work on cutting joists whilst two other groups set the remaining posts in location.
Top Right - Figure 148 Top Left - Figure 149 Middle Right - Figure 150 Middle Left - Figure 151 Bottom - Figure 152
Build 109
Top Right - Figure 153 Top Left - Figure 154 Middle Right - Figure 155 Middle Left - Figure 156 Bottom - Figure 157
TR - AN getting involved in pouring postcrete in to the post hole. MR - AR tasked with untangling stringline so that a group can begin marking out the level that joists should be fixed at to give required finished floor level .
ML - One person holds the post level and the other makes sure that it is located in the correct position relative to the posts already set at the front edge of the decking. The tolerance of some holes that have been dug require some re-digging to allow the posts to sit in their correct location. This is to be expected in these kinds of site conditions. B- Two Teams of 3 and 4 work simultaneously on setting posts.
110
Top Right - Figure 158 Top Left - Figure 159 Bottom Right - Figure 160 Bottom Left - Figure 161
TL - Evenings drawing workshop is both informative and enjoyable. It takes the team on a tour of WL to get a feel for the location that they are contributing to. A large focus is placed on making this as fun as possible to allow the team to get to know each other and establish a pleasant atmosphere on the first night.
Build 111
Top - Figure 162 Middle - Figure 163 Bottom - Figure 164
M Team of the estate at
investigate the Lodge
the after
map dinner.
7:09pm Dinner ends and group gather in sitting room whilst rain passes. Returning to cabins to
B - Team gather and set up a fire for an evening of socialising
prepare for the evenings drawing workshop.
8:00pm Drawing workshop commences. 5 exercises have been prepared by LG and SW. Team given drawing pads to take on tour of the grounds to parts not earlier visited. 5 stopping points are chosen at which the drawing exercises take place, ensuring to chose a range of diverse environments to cover as much of the grounds at WL as possible and give variety to the subject for drawing. This event is an introductory event both in terms of location and as a means of team bonding as many of the team do not know one another. 9:20pm Drawing workshop ends and team return to cabins and set up an evening campfire.
112
Figure 165
Build 113
Wednesday 10th of August 2016.
EVENT DAY 02
Decking carcasses 8:00am Team pre-make sandwiches for on-site lunch. 8:30am Breakfast at the Lodge. 9:09am Return to cabins to pick up tools and head to site. Site briefing and plan of action for day ahead. 9:15am Work begins on site. Joists are started. Demonstration by LG of how the joists are going to be done. Basic intro to using of clamps, hand drills, screw bits and screws. Demonstration include levelling of joists.
Team of 3 cutters cut remainder of joists to length whilst 2
teams attach joists to posts at correct heights making sure they are level. Early on it is noticed that the height of the joists will make the finished floor level so high that it will interfere with swing of door at front end of caravan. This is due to the sloped nature of the caravan. Extra time is required to remark the height for the joists to a position that doesn’t interfere with the swing of either doors and matched up with the internal floor level of the caravan. Once all joists are cut by joist cutting team (SW, AR and Aoife Nolan(AN)) team moves on to commence first of the decking structure modules.
114
Top Right - Figure 166 Top Left - Figure 167 Middle Right - Figure 168 Middle Left - Figure 169 Bottom Right - Figure 170 Bottom Left - Figure 171
TL - LG begins site briefing and gives demonstration of using cordless drills - a valuable skill for the ensuing days. TR - Team working on measuring out level for joists to be marked at, ensuring that these are level as this is important to how the accuracy of the remainder of the build. Markings are squared off to give clear locations for joists to be attached. ML-
Team
of
Joist
cutters.
MR - LG gives demonstration of how to set the joists level using clamps, spirit level, drill and 100mm screws.
BR - Team make packed lunches in the morning to be taken to site.
Build Top - Figure 172 Middle Right - Figure 173 Middle Left - Figure 174 Bottom - Figure 175
115
T - KC and AN work on the carcasses of the decking, fixing a packer piece onto the joist. The packer will not bear any load but provide a surface for the decking to be fixed onto.
ML - Making sure joists and carcass are level.
MR - BK and LG checking what size the outer piece of the carcass will need to be cut to. Cutting pieces and assembling them in-situ proves to be easier as all adjustments are made along the way rather than further down the line when it is harder to correct.
116
Top Right - Figure 176 Top Left - Figure 177 Middle - Figure 178 Bottom Right - Figure 179 Bottom Centre - Figure 180 Bottom Left - Figure 181
TR - First team working on the carcass structure. Three sides of the frame are cut and assembled off-site, and then lifted into place. The fit is checked for accuracy before continuing with the rest of this module. The reason for pre-assembly of these pieces is that the edge piece closest to the caravan must me fixed to the side pieces from the back which would mean being underneath the caravan. This group decided that would be difficult and came up with this pre-assembly method. TR
M of
- Assembling off-site using stack ply sheets as a level surface.
BC the
- Minor adjustments shaving off end of the timber with a rasp.
BR - Typical module drawing from which the carcassing teams work from. It is highlighted that the dimensions on the drawings are indicative and that the ‘real dimensions’ on site should always take priority. A good lesson for the participants to understand the representation to construction process.
-
Trimming
of
the
joist
that
were
oversized.
Build Top Right - Figure 182 Top Left - Figure 183 Middle Right - Figure 184 Middle Left - Figure 185 Bottom Right - Figure 186 Bottom Left - Figure 187
117
TL - Make-shift battery charged and battery to be charged signs. This helps to clarify the status of unknown batteries. This helps to keep efficiency of work-flow high. TR - Fixing of carcass members on flat surface.
ML - The fixed structure being used as a trestle for raising timber off the ground making it easier to cut. This saves moving away from the location that is being worked on however at times caused overcrowding on some parts of the structure. The team became conscious of those working in close proximity to them.
BR - Three groups working on carcass bays at the same time. As there were five bays that meant this stage could be done with a gap between each of the groups.
118
Top Right - Figure 188 Top Left - Figure 189 Middle Right - Figure 190 Middle Left - Figure 191 Bottom Right - Figure 192 Bottom Left - Figure 193
TR - Site conditions were very damp for the majority of the event. The site was often slippy and the more the team worked on it the more the ground became ‘churned up’ but never reached a stage that it became dangerous.
BR - CM fixing internal members of carcass with angled screws from either side. As it was not possible to fix these members from the outside of the carcass frame this method had to be adopted. The participants ensured that there was enough of a ‘catch’ with the screws through both internal and external members to give a secure fixing. BL - The front edge of the decking was calculated to miss the tree that sits very close to it. This was an example in the even of figuring out the structure on-site and highlighted that this kind of thing could not be judged beforehand.
Build 119
Briefed by LG on the module construction drawings and method
of construction the team was charged with the responsibility for creating this piece. The team soon determined it would be easier to construct the module in-situ rather than ‘off-site’ and lift it into place afterwards, as it was planned to happen. The reason for this was that the dimensions would have to be very accurate in order for the module to fit and it was more likely to be more work this way as adjustments would likely have to be made when getting the module to fit into place. The reason for a module system being suggested in the first place was to avoid having too many people working in a tight space. The solution was then to have three team constructing the 2 outer and 1 central module at the same time so that there was a ‘gap’ between each module. As the joists had been ‘left long’ so as to be sure that they would definitely cover the outside of post to outside of post distance it was the task of the decking module teams to trim the joists to give a flush finish to the front edge of the deck. This involves twice as much cutting however with the skill set it was determined that this would be a sure way to achieve a nice finish on the front edge of the decking. Once joist fitting teams had completed all bearing joists between posts they continued to work in their teams (DH, Chris McGowan (CM), Karen Heaney (KH) and Beth Kytzia (BK), Antony Graham (AG)) to construct a decking module each in-situ. 10:00am Jamie McCallum (JM) arrives at WL. LG gives briefing and introduction to sleeping arrangements and catch up on project progress. Removal of bags from car to cabin and prepare for site work. JM joins DH, CM and KH decking module team. SW takes BK to
120
Top Right - Figure 194 Top Left - Figure 195 Middle - Figure 196 Bottom Right - Figure 197 Bottom Left - Figure 198
TL - Making use of the caravan as seating for having lunch break. the participants the importance place to shelter and rest on a
a shelter and This showed of having a building site.
TR - A demonstration of how to mill timber with a chainsaw and jig. It was interesting for the participants to see the process of taking felled timber and making usable cladding boards or joists. BR on
- Freshly milled cladding boards site to be used later in the
stored build.
Build 121
cabin to get cream for bee sting sustained during work on site. 12:00am Kirsty Cassels (KC) arrives on site. LG gives briefing and assists KC with bags from her van and catches her up with project progress. KC joins decking module team with SW, AR and AN. Decking module teams work till lunch break with 2 being complete and 1 close to completion. Ahead of schedule for today’s progress. 1:30pm Break for lunch. Caravan used as on-site lunch shelter. 2:15pm Visit organised by LG to see demonstration of WL ground workers milling timber from felled trees from the estate. On arrival a milling location Gene, the mill operator has ceased working due to damaged chainsaw chain. Team carry boards already saw on way back to site.
Teams remain as they are with the 2 that have completed their
modules moving on to the remaining modules and the other team finishing off the one they had already started. 3:30pm ST of WL, informs LG that the chainsaw has been repaired and is now back in action. Group make way back to milling location for general demonstration of the chainsaw and jig machinery. Example given of how to turn a felled tree into half-inch cladding board or into 4” x 2” structural joist. 4:00pm Return to site to continue module construction. Teams continue in same groupings. First team to finish their module trim all posts not required for porch structure to be flush with top
122
Top Right - Figure 199 Top Left - Figure 200 Middle Left upper - Figure 201 Middle Left lower - Figure 202 Middle Right- Figure 203 Bottom - Figure 204
TL - Proud team checking out the structure having just completed the carcass of the right hand end bay of the deck.
TR - KC making sure the top face of the trimmed timber post is flush with the top edge of the carcass joists so that decking boards can sit on top of a flat surface.
MLU - Clamps used to hold members in position and pull the members together when being fixed with screws. B - End of day on site. All carcass complete and posts trimmed. On schedule.
Build 123
edge of joists, using structure as guide for cutting. Decking boards will cover these in tomorrows session on site. 5:30pm Clear up of site. Ahead of schedule for days work. 6:00pm Dinner provided by the lodge. 7:30pm After dinner there is an appetite announced amongst the team to go back to site to push on ahead of schedule. Team return to site to top up post-holes with remaining postcrete that was supposed to be used for extra posts that are now not being used in the structure. Decking boards are pulled out of pile and team consider strategy for setting out decking in tomorrow’s session on site. 9:00pm Fading light requires work to cease on site. Team return to cabins to change and set up a bonfire at the parachute tent. DH and LG spend evening in Lodge working on other work.
124
Figure 205
Build 125
Thursday 11th of August 2016.
EVENT DAY 03
Decking boards and porch carcasses.
9:15am Tools packed up and taken to site. Site briefing by LG. Overview of tasks for day ahead are given and decking method explained. Types of screws and screw bits for day ahead are made clear. Screwing method and locations are decided amongst team so to give a coherent and considered finish to the decking. Team split into 3 groups. DH, BK and AN to work on large decking section between two porches. AG, AM, CM and KH to work on right hand decking section. SW, KC, AR and JM to work on porch A decking section. 9:30am Work commences. The nature of the decking is very much figuring out as going along. 3 decking sections working side by side proves problematic as ‘ripped’ decking pieces between modules are time consuming to create and each module cannot start before this has been carried out.
Once the ripping has been completed these decking pieces are
fixed into place and run from inside face of post to inside face of post perpendicular to the front of the caravan. The teams then line up decking boards to run parallel
to caravan between ripped
pieces and take custom marks to cut decking boards to. Starting at front edge furthest from caravan the decking is fixed from there piece by piece with 5mm ‘shims’ being used as spacers.
126
Top Right - Figure 206 Top Left - Figure 207 Middle Right - Figure -208 Middle Centre - Figure 209 Middle Left - Figure 210 Bottom - Figure 211
TR - Tools being stored over night in the catering cabin for protection. Wheelbarrows and crates used to transport these to site every morning. It was originally planned that the caravan would be used for this however the door mechanism proved troublesome and required an alternative plan for storing tools.
ML - Measuring of decking boards in position so as to get accurate dimensions for cutting.
MC + MR - Ripping of decking boards. Very difficult task to complete. Time consuming and difficult to get accurate. Ideally the deck would have been made without having to make these kinds of cuts however down to the standard sizes of material involved this was required.
Build 127
Top Right - Figure 212 Top Centre - Figure 213 Top Left - Figure 214 Middle Right - Figure 215 Bottom Right - Figure 216 Bottom Left - Figure 217
TL - Decking being fixed on three bays side by side. This photo highlights the lack of space to operate and the fact that decking teams have to work around each other.
TR - CM cutting a strip 12mm ply to be used as a spacer for the overhang to the front edge of the decking boards
TC - 5mm Shims cut with handsaw by KC. Used for equal spacing of deck boards.
BR
-
Shims
being
placed.
128
Top Right - Figure 218 Top Left - Figure 219 Middle Right - Figure 220 Middle Left - Figure 221 Bottom Right - Figure 222 Bottom Left - Figure 223
ML + BR - Decking boards being placed and marked before cutting to ensure accurate fitting. BL - Rasp being used to trim small amounts off the decking boards that would be too difficult with handsaw. This allows for accurate fit of decking boards MR - 12mm ply spacer temporarily fixed to front edge allows decking board to have equal overhang along the front edge of decking.
Build 129
Top Right - Figure 224 Top Left - Figure 225 Middle Right - Figure 226 Middle Left - Figure 227 Bottom Right - Figure 228 Bottom Left - Figure 229
TL - Wheelbarrows being used as transport for tools but also as a holder to keep tools above ground saving them from becoming overly wet or dirty. BR - Final bay of decking being completed.
130
Top Right - Figure 230 Top Left - Figure 231 Middle Right - Figure 232 Middle Left - Figure 233 Bottom Right - Figure 234 Bottom Left - Figure 235
TR - Timber offcuts being temporarily fixed to posts at marking level to aid with accuracy of cutting with hand saw. The thickness of timber, height and angle that these are to be cut at make it difficult for inexperienced participants to cut .
TL + MR - Briefing delivered by LG on the approach to constructing the porch elements of the build. To aid the communication of this, models and drawings have been prepared.
Build 131
The spacers allows for consistent spacing and give the boards room to swell with water absorption.
Initial figuring out stage is timely and takes up more time
than expected. Once teams get into rhythm of decking pace picks up. No decking modules are complete by lunch and 1 out of 4 has not been started begun. Fallen behind schedule as it is hoped that the carcass of the porches would have been started by one team before lunch.
The porch A decking section team are unable to complete their
section as quickly as expected due to hold ups caused by working side-by-side with other teams. 12:30am Split lunches are taken as lunch not prepared in advance. First group goes for lunch. 1:30pm Second shift of lunches is taken. Returning shift continue with fixing decking boards in their teams. 2:00pm Second shift return from lunch. Photographer RC arrives on site. LG briefs RC on photos to be taken. Teams are taken one at a time to get profile pictures taken. 2:30pm Decking teams are paused once porch A section is complete and a briefing is given to entire team on how the porches are to be constructed. Models and drawings are used to explain this. Team from porch A decking section are charged with task of beginning porch A structure.
132
Top Right - Figure236 Top Left - Figure 237 Middle Right - Figure 238 Middle Left - Figure 239 Bottom- Figure 240
TL + TR - Holes being drilled into posts to for dowel joints. The high level of the posts and the available tools make this task too difficult to achieve.
ML - Construction drawings being used for reference during the build suffered from the damp weather conditions on site. Luckily multiple copies of the drawings had been prepared. The nature of the porch construction meant that the drawings were only refereed to as indicators of construction methodology and as such weren’t relied upon.
MR - The front uprights and header member were offered up into position (once assembled) to check that they were lining up. It was planed that they would be held in place at the same time as the equivalent member for the back side of the porch to determine the angle of cuts for the side members however the height that this would take place at was not reasonable and just complicated the process. The solution was to align the front and back sections on the flat surface of the decking at the correct distances apart holding the side piece in place to be marked.
Build 133
Top - Figure 241 Bottom - Figure 242
3:00pm All decking sections are complete apart from porch B section. Team to work on this and other team begin porch B structure.
Two teams working on porches
simultaneously begins to cause issues. The porch construction process requires a lot of figuring out and with two being worked out concurrently confusion arises amongst the team. There is no opportunity for the required concentration to occur while both porches are being attempted.
Another issue is the difficulty
of fixing 150mm screws through the 100x100mm posts. These are slightly out-with the capacity of the tools and the skill set amongst the team causing large delays. ST is asked to source some pilot-hole drill bits to make screwing of posts easier.
Final decking section is
complete and entire team is split B - Making the top parts for the porch. Due to their angle they required a lot of holding in place whilst fixing.
into three groups once more. One working on dowel fixings for the postsplice junctions, and two working on the cutting and assembly of porch
134
Top Right - Figure 243 Top Left - Figure 244 Middle Right - Figure 245 Middle Left - Figure 246 Bottom Right - Figure 247 Bottom Left - Figure 248
TR - Fixing 150mm screws through the 100mm posts. This proved a very difficult task. As seen several hands were required for this, one or two to hold timbers from moving and another one or two people to operate and push the drill. A rightangled offcut and a flat surface were used to get the structure as square as possible. Due to the difficulties of fixing the members the angles often suffered.
TR - Fixing 150mm screws through the 100mm posts. This proved a very difficult task. As seen several hands were required for this, one or two to hold timbers from moving and another one or two people to operate and push the drill.
BL - Two people holding (standing on) the timber one making sure the join keeps square and two to push the drill. BR - Lining up the porch members and marking out the side member before cutting and assembling. These were roughly cut so that they could be tested in place and altered to suit afterwards.
Build Top Right - Figure 249 Top Left - Figure 250 Middle Right upper - Figure 251 Middle Right lower - Figure 252 Middle Left - Figure 253 Bottom Right - Figure 254 Bottom Left - Figure 255
135
TL - Time efficient cutting of side porch members. Two members of the group cut simultaneously while one holds the timber to stop it moving.
TR - Marking of angle to be cut on side members.
136
Top - Figure 256 Middle Right - Figure 257 Middle Left - Figure 258 Bottom Right - Figure 259 Bottom Left - Figure 260
TL - The parachute tent hosting and sheltering the final evening’s BBQ.
MR - The evenings celebrating and socialising getting underway.
Build 137
components. KC has difficulty with making dowel holed with borer bit on drill. The power of the available tools and the awkwardness of the task are causes for this issue. It proves too difficult to achieve and an internal bracing method is suggested to provide the same structural function as the dowels. 5:30pm KC and SW leave site work to prepare food for the evenings BBQ. 6:15pm Site clear up by remainder of team. By the end of the day the main structure of porch A has been cut and assembled and Porch B has all components cut but only half assembled. 6:30pm Full team gather at parachute tent for final night celebratory BBQ. Evening taken off from work for social evening to continue. Decision is made by team to abandon the Bee Hotel workshop that is planned for the following morning
and instead focus
on the completion of the porches
138
Figure 261
Build 139
Friday 12th of August 2016.
EVENT DAY 04
Completion of porches,hand-over and departure. 8:30am Breakfast at lodge. JS has sourced varnish to be used on ply boards that will allow the cladding boards to be fixed on to ply sheathing. 9:00am Clearing out of cabins. Bags dropped off in lodge. 10:00am Tools taken up to site and site briefing delivered by LG. Pre-organised teams assigned to specific tasks. AM, DH and KH to saw cladding boards to width. Porch A team - AN, AR, JM and SW. Porch B team - AG, BK, CM and KC. LG asks WL assistants ST and Jack Cuddihy to source paint brushes and apply two coatings of varnish to 4 sheets of 18mm ply boards.
Structures are completed for both porches and lifted into
position with temporary decking pieces fixed to posts to stop porches from falling. Adjustment made to allow porches to line up with posts.
Structural members for front of porches measured and cut to
suit.
Porches brought down to decking to allow the roof to be
completed before lifting back into position.
Cladding board sawing team move on to cutting the varnished
sheets of 18mm ply to fit the roof of the porches. Ply to act as
140
Top - Figure 262 Middle Right - Figure 263 Middle Left - Figure 264 Bottom Right - Figure 265 Bottom Left - Figure 266
T - All group at work. Two on porches, one cutting cladding boards and JC and ST coating ply sheets with varnish.
ML - Sawing group. Skills had improved noticeably from the first introductions to sawing three days before.
BL - Figuring out. This was a group task in order to get the method correct in the first instance however there were no other tasks to be completed at this time so not everyone was required in this process, which at times made it more difficult.
MR - Clamps used to hold side members of porch in place be cut in place using post as guide for the saw. BR CM inspects the porch carcass having offered it into position on temporarily fixing it. This was done to adjust any angle issues prior to the ply sheeting being fixed.
Build 141
Top Right - Figure 267 Top Left - Figure 268 Middle Right - Figure 269 Middle Left - Figure 270 Bottom - Figure 271
TR - Miscalculation in length of cut for vertical member for the front of the porch structure. As there was a shortage of the material used for this piece (100x50mm) spare posts were used to pack up the base.
TL - Cutting the ply sheets to size for covering the porch. ML - Two coats of varnish applied to ply sheets to give extra weathering protection. MR - Laying out cladding boards to calculate how many were required and consider the aesthetic finish.
B - Posts being cut to length to then be spliced onto existing posts and form the upright structure to the porch.
142
Top - Figure 272 Middle Left - Figure 273 Middle Right - Figure 274 Bottom Right - Figure 275 Bottom Left - Figure 276
TL - Porches having being fitted with ply sheet are now clad before being lifted into place. Cladding would have been difficult to do in-situ and may have become dangerous as the structure of the porch is designed only to hold its own weight and may not easily support the weight of a person.
ML - Ply sheets were fitted to the porch structure being flush on one side. Due to inaccuracies they needed to be trimmed on the overlapping side.
MR Pilot holes being made and screws being used to fix ply to structure.
BR - Cladding lined up at front edge of porch accommodating changing angle of ply sarking.
Build 143
structural stiffener and sarking board for cladding to be nailed onto. This is then fitted to roof of porches. JS suggests pilot holes to be made in ply to stop the structural integrity of the ply from being damaged by fixing directly with screws. Once fitted, 100mm strips of ply are cut to cover the tops of the posts and finish of the roof coverage.
Cladding boards then nailed onto roofs by each porch team
with 160mm spacers used to keep roughly consistent positioning between bottom edge of board and bottom edge of overlapping board.
Full team required to lift porch A into position. Temporary
bracing fixed to porch to assist lifting and ensure porch won’t fall from position. 1:00pm Lunch provided by the Lodge. Summarising speech given by JS. 1:30pm Team return to site to finish off work on site before departure. Front structural members fixed in place on porch A and ply fixed to front. Adjustments made and clamps used to ensure all edges are as flush as possible before fixing.
A ladder is sourced by ST deeming its usage necessary and
safe. This allows for pilot holes to be drilled in ply to front, screws to fix the ply onto posts and the cladding to be nailed on at high level.
It was originally planned that the ply would be fixed onto the
porches prior to lifting into position so that a ladder would not be required, however it was determined by the team that this would add too much weight and make the porches too difficult to manhandle
144
Top Right - Figure 277 Top Left - Figure 278 Middle Right - Figure 279 Middle Left - Figure 280 Bottom - Figure 281
TR - Break for lunch with porch secured with temporary bracing.
TL - All groups in action. Two on porches and one on ply sheeting duties.
ML- All hand on board. First complete porch is prepared for lifting into position. Caution was take as it was unknown how heavy and difficult it may be to lift.
MR - Vertical member fixed in porch structure ensuring it is level. This provides structure and a location for the ply to be screwed into.
B - Porch being lifted into position. Collars were temporarily fitted to posts to make lining up easier.
Build 145
Top - Figure 282 Middle - Figure 283 Bottom Right - Figure 284 Bottom Left - Figure 285
when lifting. The ply adds structure to the porch, stiffening it up as well as acting as a brace between the upper and lower posts that are being spliced.
Internally strips of ply are
cut and used as bracing between two posts. These are re-enforced by being fitted between the dwangs and the post. Dwangs are trimmed to accommodate this extra strip of ply. The dwangs are then fitted at varying heights to create the opportunity for coat hanging, boot storage and even seating inside the porch.
Originally it was planned
that the internal faces of the porches would be finished with 12mm ply. This was to do with the design intention of applying and external finish of timber shingles. T - Cladding being fitted from edge to back Detail of back edge fixing being considered by AR. M - Team on ply cutting for front face of porch. Other team fixing structural members to front face of porch. BR - Both porches in place, ply and final touches taking place. All bracing left in position until ply fixed as this gives a rigidity to the structure.
Shingles would required an array of nails that would penetrate the internal face of the 18mm ply and for safety and aesthetic is was decided that this should be covered with 12mm ply to the
146
Top Right - Figure 286 Top Left - Figure 287 Bottom RIght - Figure 288 Bottom Left - Figure 289
TL - Pilot holes being made in ply for screws to be guided into position.
BL - Ladders required to fix the ply at high level. Cladding team and ply fixing happening simultaneously due to last minute rush to get finished on site before ‘hand over’ of project. BR - Both groups similar stages of completion. One group having to wait on the other to finish with the use of the ladder as there was only one available on site.
Build 147
Figure 290
inside face. As timber board cladding was the external finish used, less nails are required. The boards were fixed to the sarking boards with nails that lined through with the vertical studs so that the nails would not be seen internally. This meant that internally the structure would be left exposed which had benefits in terms of aesthetic honesty, time and functionality.
Work becomes rushed to complete
construction before hand-over and Group happy to have completed the first porch.
packing up of van. Porch A almost reaches completion and porch B only requires cladding to take place. 3:30pm
LG carries out hand-over with
Meg Beresford whilst team pack up and gather for final group shot. Team head to Lodge to gather bags and begin loading up minibus.
JM and KC stay behind to
complete cladding and minor details as they have their own means of transport and do not need to leave with minibus.
148
Top Right - Figure 291 Top Left - Figure 292 Bottom Right - Figure 293 Bottom Left - Figure 294
TL - Group shot with client meg at close of project. Smiles all round.
TR + BL - State of completion as team left in minibus to return to Glasgow.
BL
-
Final
clear
up
of
site.
BR - LG gives Meg Beresford (client) an overview of the project showing some of the function that the structure provides.
Record Top Right - Figure 295 Top Left - Figure 296 Middle - Figure 297 Bottom - Figure 298
149
All- Photos taken after team had left for returning to Glasgow in the minibus. JM and KC having stayed behind to finish of other porch and check over any incompletions that had been missed in rush to leave site by team. Horizontal cladding picks out horizontal lines of profiled metal finish to caravan but in a distinctly different tone. Vertical massing of porch elements break up the horizontality of the caravan and the deck. Step to aid access on to deck. Comfortable sitting height at left hand side of deck.
150
Figure 299
Final lunch at the lodge before leaving. JS gave the team a final thank you statement before leaving.
Record 151
All PPE borrowed from WL returned to ST. ST and JC to clear
up tools and store them in Strathclyde section of tool sheds.
5:10pm Minibus arrives in Glasgow. Questionnaires and closing summary takes place en-route. Team say fairways and make their own way home. Event comes to an end.
Saturday 13th of August 2016. 11:01am Summarising email sent to participants with link to Dropbox folder that has been set up to collect photos from the event. Participant feedback questionnaires and information to be ‘chased up’ over coming days.
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Figure 300
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5.1 Conclusions “Building implies and evokes optimism: we are able to build only to the degree that we have confidence in the future” (Pallasmaa, 2008:146).
To reflect on the effectiveness of the Live Build User’s Manual as a guidance
document for organising a Live Build event I would say in general all the points it covers are relevant ones that arose during the process of The LAND 2016.
To develop the User’s Manual I would include another point in the preparation
stage - “Make it fun.” (Badanes, 2010;62). As Steve Badenes suggests, the project should be enjoyable. This may be reflected in the motivation or the ambition of the construction that is produced (that is already addressed in the existing User’s Manual) but also in something that seems ubiquitous in all Live Build events (and something that played a major role in The LAND 2016) - the social aspect of the team involved in the event. “Being able to be part of a team that together builds something as well as new friendships.” (McGowan, 2016).
I think an addition to the User’s Manual that suggested different options for team
social events and how to facilitate these would aid Live Builds in becoming educational social events.
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Figure 301
To reflect on the proceedings of The LAND 2016 Live Build event I have considered
areas of weakness and areas of strength present throughout the process. This method of reflection will provide opportunity to take forward lessons learned to future endeavours, both for myself and for others.
In the early stages of the project gathering participants was one of the main
concerns. Contacting people who were already known to have interest in Live Builds and construction proved a good method of approach for this. Contacting younger years within the school, (with aid from DH) was where the majority of participants came from. In reflecting on the feedback from participant questionnaires it appears the reason for this is that this demographic are keen to improve their construction knowledge as they feel under experienced in this area (Graham, 2016)
During the materials and tool sourcing stages it became apparent to me
the commitment to correspondence between numerous parties is essential. When I was informed that GAT had pulled out from supplying and delivering materials I was responsible for communicating between the office staff (Catriona Mirren, Lynne Harvey and Aileen Alexander) within the Strathclyde architecture department, my supervisor Derek Hill, materials and tool suppliers (HSS Hire, Jewson and Screwfix), transport providers (Arnold Clarke) and assistant joiner and architecture student Ryan Reid. This all had to be done with
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urgency and emailing and phone calls as methods of contact were used in abundance. The scale of this involvement was greater than I had anticipated prior to this project and required full commitment for extended hours and an extended period of time to ensure the project would not fall through.
To grow from this experience and avoid the issues that it caused I would consider
back up options for material and tool supply so that in the event of one ‘pulling out’ another one could be contacted immediately with the necessary order lists (and order numbers specific to the supplier) already at hand and ready to be sent. Delivery time requirements should be researched for the back up supplier. In the event that the supplier would not be able to deliver, the option (as used in The LAND 2016 event) to source a transit van for self-transport of the materials to site should be calculated (this could incur major changes to the material order list as sizing for self-transport may be greatly limited depending on transport method and budget). In the future I would make sure to order the materials well in advance from a reliable source.
When preparing to visit Wiston Lodge before The LAND 2016 event took place
to dig and set posts in place, an issue took place due to my inexperience of tools. The incorrect hole borer (a manual rather than automatic) was ordered for hire. The reason for my mistake on this occasion was down to not understanding the process of hiring tools and not having the experience to know what I was looking for. The order was placed with a degree of urgency, however more care and attention should have been paid whilst doing so. As I am still gaining experience of organising Live Build project I will be sure to consult expertise with any matters, such as this example, where I am not fully confident about what I am doing; the result of these kinds of mistakes can have huge implications to the success of these Live Build projects. On a positive note, the ability to be flexible and resourceful was exercised in this scenario, very useful skills to practice as they are required frequently in construction projects.
The pre-event ‘foundation’ session was a valuable experience to reflect upon in
preparation for the event itself. Using the caravan as a place for materials and tool storage
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Figure 302
was difficult enough with three workers involved never mind the full team of 12. As such I came up with an approach to organise the site with a separate tool store and material store for the event.
On arrival at the site for the first
time it became apparent to me for the first time how close the trees on the site were in proximity to the caravan highlighting immediately a potential issue not only for the finished edge of the deck but for digging holes with large roots existing in much of the surrounding soil. To reflect on this I should have consulted the original designers of the deck on receiving the Wiston Lodge SiteLab Phase 2 document and associated project information (MacVicar, et al., 2016). The information given to me was apparently comprehensive as far as I could observe from studying it, however to have arranged a meeting with the design team to brief me on general pointers like this would have prepared me better for dealing with on-site issues such as this.
There was a lesson to be learned
in flexibility and adaptability of design throughout the project. Altering the design and spacing of the decking modules as a
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result of the tree locations was an example of this and it proved valuable that the design was not rigid due to its modular nature. These modules could be added or subtracted without much consequence other than availability of materials and the widening and narrowing of them was able to happen with ease and little alteration to the construction method.
“If the posts were in exactly the right place I think building the porches and decking
as modules would have worked really well. But the way we did it by building them in-situ made sure they definitely fit properly.� (Riome, 2016)
Ayla commenting on the modular construction method in the post-event
questionnaire states that it was a good decision to not stick rigidly with this plan after assessment of the construction conditions. This exemplifies the thinking of the team of participants involved with beginning the decking carcass. It is good to see that this team were able to take responsibility (which was intentionally given to them) for the task, analyse what was in front of them and determine the best solution to achieving what was required. Often in Live Build events it is seen that participants become over-reliant on the leaders of the build to a point that they compromise efficiency. This case, however, shows that the team were willing to input to the process and as such, gain a sense of ownership of the project.
As an exercise in professional development and preparation for the running of The
LAND 2016, attending Tog 2016 was hugely beneficial. It was good not only to witness but actively participant in this event. Points of experience that I picked up and have played a role in this study are as follows:
-
How production lines can be set up and how they operate.
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How a Live Build site should be arranged and what facilities are required.
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The value of preparing detailed participant information prior to the event.
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Figure 303
The production of the Participants Info Package document (Appendix A) proved
useful as a reference document informing of all required details and acted as a piece of motivation. Feedback from participants state that their excitement for the event heightened as a result of receiving the document. I believe the Participants Info Package also alleviated the need for multiple correspondences with participants on the details of the event, as there was little to non of this prior to the event taking place and the team were all well prepared and aware of what was going to take place from the beginning.
Being responsible for ordering a food delivery for the team opened my eyes to
the importance of such a task. As there were dietary requirements amongst the team I was conscious that I should seek advice to ensure no issues would occur due to my fault. Contacting the relative participants directly proved the best solution to making the correct decisions on food.
During The LAND 2016 event the drawing workshop held on the first night was
a success. As an aside to the main build event this was included as an evening activity and proved valuable as a social exercise and an introduction to Wiston Lodge (Riome, 2016). Other social activities occurred nightly with the fire pits at Wiston Lodge acting as good facilitators. This was partly incidental but proved valuable to the team bonding and
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Figure 304
ultimately the enjoyment and efficiency of onsite work.
Something that was mentioned in the
participant feedback was the amount and types of tools. The use of power tools was suggested by a few participants (Nolan,2016) and (Westerhaus, 2016). The desire for these was for experience in using them and to aid with the productivity of construction. As discussed with JS prior to the event, the involvement of power tools, particularly with inexperienced participants, would bring in major health and safety questions to the project. In reflection on this point the project would have been more efficient and easier with the involvement of chop saws or table saws for example, however the ethos of the project from the outset was always concerned more with the process that with the outcome. The involvement of power tools to this event would have been unnecessary, the question on whether to use them in a Live Build should be case-specific deepening on outcomes for the project and experience level of participants.
I was surprised by the desire of the
team to push on with the main construction event on the final day rather than take-part in the Bee Workshop that had been planned.
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Figure 305
Prior to the event I decided that it
would be alright to leave the project with parts of the build largely unfinished, however through the process both myself and the participants grew noticeably attached to the thought of completing what our time and exertions had been spent on over the first few days. This resulted in a rushed finish to the project and a slight dissatisfaction with not feeling a sense of complete closure, but understandable as motivation grew when the project developed. To reflect on this I would have included another day in the event. This is a common piece of feedback amongst the participants also - “The only improvement I would make would be to have a little bit more time to finish the project.� (Heaney, 2016).
In hindsight the thought of
extending the length of the event was never seriously considered beforehand. When gathering participants for the event I felt it might hamper the ability for people to join the event if it required too much time and consequently cost too much money. However, I feel that the majority of those involved in the build would have signed up to the event if it had included an extra day.
Figure 306
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The lesson to take from this aspect is to ensure the main build event is achievable within the time-scale and include a contingency of time so there is spare rather than a shortage.
One of the shortcomings during the event that caused delays was the construction
of the porches. The timing on site before the porches began resulted in many participants finishing their tasks and ending up having nothing to do while tricky parts of the porch construction were being figured out by other members of the team.
Two pieces of reflection I would consider to overcome this scenario in the future
would, firstly be to consider a list of filler tasks to occupy all members of the team when any delays occur.
The second piece of advice would be to determine the groups of participants who
work well together in advanced to starting the days work on-site and accurately calculate what they will be working on and the timing for this. As McEwan suggests in her feedback on what could be improved about the efficiency of working on-site; “more thought into starting a “production line” before the start of each day(like final day).” A production line was established after discussion with DH prior to the final day commencing, along with detailed programming of the remaining task. This worked very effectively.
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Figure 307
To conclude the overall investigation
it in interesting to remark on the first hand experiences that were part of the organising and running of The LAND 2016 Live Build event. To list the skills that have been developed throughout the process I would include the following: - Resourcefulness - Communication -
Team management
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Project Management
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Conceptual design
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Technical design
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Dealing with material suppliers
-
Dealing with tools suppliers
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Dealing with ordering processes
- Promotion -
Production of construction drawings
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Production of construction models
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Transport organisation
- Adaptability -
On-site problem solving
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On-site tool skills
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Client interaction
-
Arranging of CPD/ educational tutorial
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Documentation of processes
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Producing informative documents
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Arranging general logistics
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Understanding of site layouts
Figure 308
All of these skills have some degree of value to the architectural profession.
The three components of this study; precedents analysis, User’s Guide and Live
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Build event bring together a comprehensive investigation of the Live Build as a topic. Research has given context, proposition has built upon this context and testing of the proposition has outlined future paths to developed. From all of this it can be deduced that the Live Build has value in education but beyond this it has the ability to provide a future for the next generation of architectural practice.
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Abel, Chris.1998. Globalism and the Regional Response. In: Pearce, Martin and Toy, Maggie. Eds. 1995. Educating Architects. London: Wiley- Academy p80-87. Anderson, J, Priest, C. 2012. The Live Education of an Architect: John Hejduk and Oxford Brookes Year One Live Projects. Journal for Education in the Built Environment, 7(2). pp.5062. Badanes, Steve. 2010. The Architect as Builder: The Case for Design / Build. In: Carpenter, William ed. Design Build Studio. Georgia : Lightroom Studio. Butts-Ball, Natalie. 2014. Letter from Hale County. Newbern Times. [Online] Newsletter 2014—2015. Available at: http://www.ruralstudio.org/pdf/2015_RuralStudio_Newsletter.pdf (Accessed 2 August 2016) Carpenter, William . 2010. Design Build Studio. Georgia : Lightroom Studio. Cassels, Kirsty. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016 Dress for the Weather, 2016. Dress for the Weather - About. [online] Available at:http:// www.dressfortheweather.co.uk/about/ (Accessed 2 August 2016) design/buildLAB, 2014. Smith Creek Pedestrian Bridge. [Video Online] Available at: https://vimeo.com/82237450 [Accessed 30 June 2016] Ferro, Shaunacy. 2013. What Architecture Schools Get Wrong. [Online] Available at: http:// www.fastcodesign.com/3024115/what-architecture-schools-get-wrong [Accessed 1 July 2016]
Bibliography
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Frood, Sarah. 2016. Consultation. Interviewed by... Paul Pointon. [transcript] Graham, Antony. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016 Grant, Lewis. 2016. PoL Design and Build Project. [pdf] Glasgow. Available at: http://issuu. com/lewisgrant/docs/pol_publication?workerAddress=ec2-54-210-69-131.compute-1. amazonaws.com (Accessed March 2016) Grant, Lewis. 2015. The Death of the Live Build Project? BSc(Hons). University of Strathclyde. Available at: https://issuu.com/lewisgrant/docs/final_dissertation_19_ march_15 [Accessed March 2015] Heaney, Karen. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016 Kytzia, Beth. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016 MacVicar, S., Purdie, L., Yong, L.L.K., Lee,Y.Y., 2016. Wiston Lodge SiteLab Phase 2 [PDF] McCallum, Jamie. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016 McEwan, Amy. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016 McGowan, Chris. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016 Morrow, R., Parnell, R. & Torrington, J. 2004. Reality versus creativity? CEBE Transactions, 1 (2), 91-99. [online] http://www.cebe.heacademy.ac.uk/transactions/pdf/RuthMorrow.pdf (Accessed 30 June 2016).
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Nakabayashi, Nozomi. 2012. Design By Making. Domus. September 2012:10-15 Nolan, Aoife. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016 Pallasmaa, Juhani. 2008. The Dance of Construction. In: MacKay-Lyons, Brian ed. Ghost: Building an Architectural Vision. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. p143- 152 Pidgin Perfect. 2011. The New Wave: The Environmental Studio.[Online]. Available:
http://archive.ads.org.uk/access/features/the-new-wave-the-environmentalstudio-2[14.06.16] Pointon, Paul. 2016.Next Generation Architectural Practice: What will be the Tools of Choice for the Young Architect in a Changing Profession. [pdf] RIBA, 2013. RIBA Plan of Work 2013. [pdf] Available at: https://www.architecture.com/files/ ribaprofessionalservices/practice/ribaplanofwork2013template.pdf (accessed Janurary 2016) Riome, Ayla. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016 Sara, Rachel. 2006. Live Project Good Practice: A Guide for the Implementation of Live Projects. [pdf] University of Plymouth. Available at: https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/sites/ default/files/briefingguide_08.pdf [Accessed 29 June 2016] Sullivan, Frances. 2016. Rural Studio: A Story of Solutions. [Documentary] Available at :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKqCE1V8u-U [Accessed: 6 June 2016]
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Tog Studio, 2014. Team. [Online] Available at:http://www.togstudio.co.uk/team/ (Accessed June 6 2016) Tog Studio, 2016. Participant Information. [pdf] Tog Studio, 2012. Tog features at New York Architecture & Design Film Festival. [Online] Available at:http://www.togstudio.co.uk/tog-features-at-new-york-architecture-design-filmfestival/ (Accessed December 2012) Warehouse. 2016. About. [Online] Available at:http://warehouse.pt/about.html (Accessed 2 August 2016) Westerhaus, Sinje. 2016. Post event Questionnaire. [Questionnaire] 12 August 2016
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Front Cover Figure 0 - 'Clad'. (Authors Own)
TWO Contemporary Examples of the Live Build
Figure 1 - The Fifth Silo. (Authors own) Figure 2 - Global Diagram (Authors own) Figure 3 - Lion Park Scouts. [Image online] Available at: http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/53fd/4467/c07a/8038/8e00/0919/large_ jpg/PORTADA_TH140425_RS_20anniv_0357.jpg?1409107036 (29 June 2016)
Figure 4 -Client in Her Previous House. [Photograph] (Freear and Barthel, 2014:83) p. 60 Figure 5 -Hale County Animal Shelter [Online] Available: http://www.ruralstudio.org/projects/hale-county-animal-shelter (12.06.16) Figure 6 - Newbern Fire Station [Online]Available: http://www.ruralstudio.org/projects/hale-county-animal-shelter (12.06.16)http://www. ruralstudio.org/projects/newbern-fire-station (29 June 2016)
Figure 7 - S m i t h C re e k p e d e st ri a n Bri d g e. [Image
online] Available at: http://www.designbuildlab.org/gallery-2/smith-
creekpedestrianbridge/ (9 June 2016)
Figure 8 -Masonic Amphitheatre. [Image online] Available at: http://www.designbuildlab.org/gallery-2/masonicamphitheatre/ (10 June 2016)
Figure 9 - Covington Farmers Market. [Image online] Available at: http://www.designbuildlab.org/gallery-2/covingtonfarmersmarket/ (10 June 2016)
Figure 10 - Mobile Home Dissection.[Image online] Available at: http://www.designbuildlab.org/gallery-2/3-columns/ (10 June 2016) Figure 11 - Dining Hall at Ross Creek.[Image online] Available at: http://studionorth.ca/dining-hall-at-ross-creek (24 June 2016) Figure 12 - Dream Dive. [Image online] Available at: http://studionorth.ca/dreamdive. (23 July 2016) Figure 13 - Parallax. [Image online] Available at: http://studionorth.ca/parallax (23 July 2016) Figure 14 - Fort. [Image online] Available at: http://studionorth.ca/fort (23 July 2016) Figure 15 - Camera Obscura Brick Shell. [Image online] Available at:http://dalcoastalstudio.com/#/cameraobscura/ (25 June 2016) Figure 16 - Petit Circle. [Image online] Available at:http://dalcoastalstudio.com/#/cheticamp/gridshell-1/ (25 June 2016) Figure 17 - Lafayette Strong Pavilion. [Image online] Available at:http://dalcoastalstudio.com/#/new-page/ (23 July 2016) Figure 18 - Farmers Market. [Image online] Available at:http://dalcoastalstudio.com/#/cheticamp/gridshell/ (25 June 2016) Figure 19 - European Diagram (Authors own) Figure 20 - Presentation area. [Image online] Available at:http://constructlab.net/projects/construir-juntos-for-curatorslab-ecc2012/ (25 June 2016)
Figure 21 - Kitchen. [Image online] Available at:http://constructlab.net/projects/casa-do-vapor/ (25 June 2016) Figure 22 - Cinema Screening. [Image online] Available at:http://constructlab.net/projects/teatro-del-mare-lungomare-bolzano-2/ (25 June 2016)
Figure 23 -UFO in Warsaw. [Image online] Available at:http://constructlab.net/projects/u-f-o-in-warsaw-exyzt/ (25 June 2016) Figure 24 - Main Hall. [Image online] Available at:http://raumlabor.net/osthang-project/ (25 June 2016) Figure 25 - The kitchen. [Image online] Available at:http://raumlabor.net/kuchenmonument-2/ (25 June 2016)
List of Figures
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Figure 26 - Vortex. [Image online] Available at:http://raumlabor.net/vortex/ (25 June 2016) Figure 27 - Officina Roma. [Image online] Available at:http://raumlabor.net/officina-roma/ Figure 28 - SALT Fish Rack. [Image online] Available at:http://www.archdaily.com/540981/salt-festival-installations-rintala-eggertsson-architects/ 53fbfd4dc07a80388e000878-salt-festival-installations-rintala-eggertsson-architects-photo (26 June 2016)
Figure 29 - Pepper. [Image online] Available at:http://www.archdaily.com/540981/salt-festival-installations-rintala-eggertsson-architects/53fbffd7c07a 80c384000911-salt-festival-installations-rintala-eggertsson-architects-photo (26 June 2016)
Figure 30 - Sky Bound Cabin. [Image online] Available at:http://www.archdaily.com/540981/salt-festival-installations-rintala-eggertsson-archit ects/53fc020cc07a80096200084c-salt-festival-installations-rintala-eggertsson-architects-photo (26 June 2016)
Figure 31 - Sky Bound Cabin. [Image online] Available at:http://www.archdaily.com/540981/salt-festival-installations-rintala-eggertsson-archit ects/53fc020cc07a80096200084c-salt-festival-installations-rintala-eggertsson-architeccts-photo (26 June 2016)
Figure 32 - Cozinha Comunitรกria das Terras da Costa. [Image online] Available at:http://warehouse.pt/c011.html (25 June 2016)
Figure 33 - Sopa Da Pedra. [Image online] Available at:http://warehouse.pt/c017.html (25 June 2016) Figure 34 - Observatorium. [Image online] Available at:http://warehouse.pt/w025.html (25 June 2016) Figure 35 - Casa do Vapor. [Image online] Available at:http://warehouse.pt/c004.html (25 June 2016) Figure 36 - UK Diagram (Authors own) Figure 37 - Student Lodge 3. [Image online] Available at:http://designandmake.aaschool.ac.uk/student-lodge-3/ (22 June 2016) Figure 38 - Biomass boiler. [Image online] Available at:httphttp://designandmake.aaschool.ac.uk/biomass-boiler-house/ (22 June 2016) Figure 39 - Big Shed. [Image online] Available at:http://designandmake.aaschool.ac.uk/prpject-big-shed-2010-12/ (22 June 2016) Figure 40 - Timber Seasoning Shelter. [Image online] Available at:http://designandmake.aaschool.ac.uk/timber-seasoning-shelter/ (22 June 2016)
Figure 41 - Rammed Earth Vault. [Image online] Available at:http://blog.cat.org.uk/2016/01/08/rammed-earth-vault-a-world-first/ (23 June 2016)
Figure 42 - Palletecture. [Image online] Available at:http://blog.cat.org.uk/2015/03/13/palletecture-from-packing-cases-to-lamella-structures/ (23 June 2016)
Figure 43 - Build it Live. [Image online] Available at:http://blog.cat.org.uk/2014/02/17/build-it-live-getting-muddy-with-self-builders-in-kent-22nd-
23rd-feb/ (23 June 2016)
Figure 44 - Serenity. [Image online] Available at:http://blog.cat.org.uk/2013/09/23/the-sanctuary-cat-professional-diploma-summer-buildingproject-2013/ (23 June 2016)
Figure 45 - Warren Lodge. [Image online] Available at:http://www.studiobark.co.uk/portfolio-item/warren-lodge-bark-live-build/ (25 June 2016) Figure 46 - The Bench. [Image online] Available at:http://www.studiobark.co.uk/portfolio-item/a119-the-bench/# (25 June 2016) Figure 47 - UEL Construction week. [Image online] Available at:http://www.studiobark.co.uk/category/education/ (25 June 2016) Figure 48 - Future Bike. [Image online] Available at:http://www.studiobark.co.uk/portfolio-item/future-bike/ (25 June 2016) Figure 49 - Sounds of the place. [Image online] Available at:http://architecture.brookes.ac.uk/galleries/ob1/ (21 July 2016) Figure 50 - Strategies for place improvement. [Image online] Available at:http://architecture.brookes.ac.uk/galleries/ob1/ (21 July 2016)
Figure 51 - Ightham Mote. [Image online] Available at:http://architecture.brookes.ac.uk/galleries/ob1/ (21 July 2016) Figure 52 - Playable Buildings for the Audiograft Festival. [Image online] Available at:http://architecture.brookes. ac.uk/galleries/ob1/ (21 July 2016)
Figure 53 - Scottish Diagram (Authors own)
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Figure 54 - Tog House. [Image online] Available at:http://www.togstudio.co.uk/portfolio/2016-tog-house/ (4 July 2016) Figure 55 - Kettle. [Image online] Available at:http://www.togstudio.co.uk/portfolio/2015-kettle/ (4 July 2016) Figure 56 - 2014 Boathouse. [Image online] Available at:http://www.togstudio.co.uk/portfolio/2014-boathouse/ (4 July 2016) Figure 57 - 2012 Lighthouse. [Image online] Available at:http://www.togstudio.co.uk/portfolio/lighthouse/ (4 July 2016) Figure 58 - Construction. [Image online] Available at:http://www.ross-campbell.co.uk/construction/idt0xqjc7rlfabesm7llulntry0qc2 (21 July 2016)
Figure 59 - Construction. [Image online] Available at:http://www.ross-campbell.co.uk/construction/0ygns7qt3szjs60ypwjh7bsbgemh1s (21 July 2016)
Figure 60 - Construction. [Image online] Available at: http://www.ross-campbell.co.uk/construction/dvl9nwmyas6tz0ypsyunyhxdq0bo4e (21 July 2016)
Figure 61 - Construction. [Image online] Available at: http://www.ross-campbell.co.uk/blog/ (21 July 2016)
Figure 62 Figure 63 Figure 64 Figure 65 Figure 66
- The Lookout. ‘[Image online] Available at: http:// www.mhormicro.net/cave/ (25 June 2016) - The cave.[Image online] Available at: http:// www.mhormicro.net/cave/ (25 June 2016) - The Shieling. [Image online] Available at:http://www.mhormicro.net/shieling/ (25 June 2016) - The Ferry Bothy. [Image online] Available at:http://www.mhormicro.net/ferrybothy/ (25 June 2016) - The secret billboard. [Image online] Available at:http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/architecture-summer-school-
reimagines-glasgow-wasteland-site/10009251.article
Figure 67 - NETTLE http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/architecture-summer-school-reimagines-glasgow-wasteland-site/10009251.article
(22 July 2016)
Figure 68 - The bairds brae beacon. [Image online] Available at:http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/architecture-summer-
school-reimagines-glasgow-wasteland-site/10009251.article
Figure 69 - GHOST WALL [Image online] Available at:http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/architecture-summer-school-reimagines-
glasgow-wasteland-site/10009251.article
THREE The Live Build User’s Manual
Figure 70 Figure 71 Figure 72 Figure 73 Figure 74 Figure 75 Figure 76 Figure 77 Figure 78 Figure 79 Figure 80 Figure 81 Figure 82
- Live Build front page (Authors own) - Live Build matrix 1 (Authors own) - Live Build matrix 1(Authors own) - Live Build step 1.1 (Authors own) - Live Build step 1.2 (Authors own) - Live Build step 2.1 (Authors own) - Live Build step 2.2 (Authors own) - Live Build step 3.1 (Authors own) - Live Build step 3.2 (Authors own) - Live Build step 4.1 (Authors own) - Live Build step 4.2 (Authors own) - Live Build step 5.1 (Authors own) - Live Build step 5.2 (Authors own)
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FOUR The LAND 2016 Figure 83 -Wiston Lodge SiteLab Phase 2 [PDF] Figure 84 - Contributors (Authors own diagrsm) Figure 85 - Live build by numbers (Authors own diagrsm) Figure 86 - Gusset plates (Authors own) Figure 87 - Bracket plates (Authors own) Figure 88 - Window (Authors own) Figure 89 - Level working surface (Authors own) Figure 90 - Throught the stairwell (Authors own) Figure 91 - Wall heads (Authors own) Figure 92 - Looking down (Authors own) Figure 93 - Looking up (Authors own) Figure 94 - Top of the trusses (Authors own) Figure 95 - Trusses fixed (Authors own) Figure 96 - Jig (Authors own) Figure 97 - Side of the trusses (Authors own) Figure 98 - Moving the jig (Authors own) Figure 99 - Overview of the site (Authors own) Figure 100 - Lucnh break (Authors own) Figure 101 - Sunset at the beach (Authors own) Figure 102 - Participants email (Authors own) Figure 103 - Minutes from meeting27.7.16 (Authors own) Figure 104 - Email - plan B (Authors own) Figure 105 - Material order list (Authors own) Figure 106 - Tool purchase receipt (Authors own) Figure 107 - Order confirmation HSS Hire (Authors own) Figure 108 - Re-order paperwork (Authors own) Figure 109 - Loading the van (Authors own) Figure 110 - Jewson assistant (Authors own) Figure 111 - Site inspection (Authors own) Figure 112 - Digging first hole (Authors own) Figure 113 - Site drawing (Authors own) Figure 114 - Automatic hole borer (Authors own) Figure 115 - Roots (Authors own) Figure 116 - Hole digging trouble (Authors own) Figure 117 - Automatic hole borer trouble (Authors own) Figure 118 - Making a string line (Authors own) Figure 119 - Hole digging helpers (Authors own) Figure 120 - Bad choice of store (Authors own) Figure 121 - Setting the post (Authors own)
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Figure 122 - Elevation (Authors own) Figure 123 - Posts and trees (Authors own) Figure 124 - Packing up the van (Authors own) Figure 125 - Posts in place (Authors own) Figure 126 - Tool list ordered (Authors own) Figure 127 - Sainsbury’s list ordered (Authors own) Figure 128 - Receipts for tools (Authors own) Figure 129 - Typical decking module scale model (Authors own) Figure 130 - Porch scale model (Authors own) Figure 131 - Order of fixings and tools opened and checked before departure (Authors own) Figure 132 - Team photo Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 133 - Gathering (Authors own) Figure 134 - Cabin drop off (Authors own) Figure 135 - Intro to Wiston Lodge (Authors own) Figure 136 - First meal at the lodge (Authors own) Figure 137 - Heading to the cabins. Amy McEwan Figure 138 - Moving the material pile (Authors own) Figure 139 - Stuart handing out PPE (Authors own) Figure 140 - Finally finished moving the material (Authors own) Figure 141 - Moving the material pile up to the site (Authors own) Figure 142 - Site set up. (Authors own) Figure 143 - Tour of Biomass boiler. (Aoife Nolan) Figure 144 - Tour of Biomass boiler 2. (Antony Graham) Figure 145 - Tour of Wiston Lodge including existing structures. (Authors own) Figure 146 - Tour of Biomass boiler 2. (Antony Graham) Figure 147 - Tour of Wiston Lodge including existing structures 2. (Authors own) Figure 148 - Site prepared in advance. (Authors own) Figure 149 - Introduction to site. (Antony Graham) Figure 150 - Post demonstration (Derek Hill) Figure 151 - Post demonstration 2 (Antony Graham) Figure 152 - Hand sawing demonstration (Aoife Nolan) Figure 153 - Pouring postcrete. (Authors own) Figure 154 - Buckets and tools. (Authors own) Figure 155 - Untangling the stringline (Authors own) Figure 156 - Checking the levels (Authors own) Figure 157 - All hands on post duties (Authors own) Figure 158 - Drawing workshop in the woods. (Authors own) Figure 159 - Drawing workshop visits the parachute tents (Derek Hill) Figure 160 - Drawing workshop level 3 (Authors own) Figure 161 - Last glimpses of the sun (Authors own)
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Figure 162 - Team day one (Authors own) Figure 163 - Investigating the maps (Authors own) Figure 164 - Gathering around the fire, night one (Antony Graham) Figure 165 - Cladding Boards Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 166 - Marking out the position of the joists on the posts (Authors own) Figure 167 - Drill demonstration (Derek Hill) Figure 168 - Levelling and fixing the joists (Derek Hill) Figure 169 - Joist cutting team (Authors own) Figure 170 - Lunch pre-making (Authors own) Figure 171 - Nice morning weather (Authors own) Figure 172 - Fixing packers (Authors own) Figure 173 - Carcass measuring (Antony Graham) Figure 174 - Getting level (Kirsty Cassels) Figure 175 - Joist teams (Chris McGowan) Figure 176 - Trimming the joists (Authors own) Figure 177 - Placing the carcass (Authors own) Figure 178 - Level surface (Authors own) Figure 179 - Pinned up drawing (Authors own) Figure 180 - Shaving the joists. (Authors own) Figure 181 - Caracass measuring from site (Aoife Nolan) Figure 182 - Fixing carcass members (Kirsty Cassels) Figure 183 - Battery set up (Authors own) Figure 184 - Carcass placing (Aoife Nolan) Figure 185 - Cutting members (Authors own) Figure 186 - Carcass teams. (Antony Graham) Figure 187 - Joist teams (Aoife Nolan) Figure 188 - Wet conditions. (Authors own) Figure 189 - Carcass overview (Authors own) Figure 190 - Drawing board. (Beth Kytzia) Figure 191 - Team assesment (Aoife Nolan) Figure 192 - Fixing internal members of carcass. (Antony Graham) Figure 193 - Carcass coming together (Authors own) Figure 194 - Milling demonstration (Authors own) Figure 195 - Lunch in the caravan. (Derek Hill) Figure 196 - Milling demonstration 2 (Aoife Nolan) Figure 197 - Boards delivered to site. (Chris McGowan) Figure 198 - Pile of boards (Authors own) Figure 199 - Trimming posts (Authors own) Figure 200 - Team carcass (Derek Hill) Figure 201 - Testing structure. (Authors own)
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Figure 202 Figure 203 Figure 204 Figure 205 Figure 206 Figure 207 Figure 208 Figure 209 Figure 210 Figure 211 Figure 212 Figure 213 Figure 214 Figure 215 Figure 216 Figure 217 Figure 218 Figure 219 Figure 220 Figure 221 Figure 222 Figure 223 Figure 224 Figure 225 Figure 226 Figure 227 Figure 228 Figure 229 Figure 230 Figure 231 Figure 232 Figure 233 Figure 234 Figure 235 Figure 236 Figure 237 Figure 238 Figure 239 Figure 240 Figure 241 -
Complete carcass bay (Chris McGowna) End of day. (Chris McGowna) End of day 2 (Authors own) Porch begining Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Packing up tools (Authors own) Moving boards. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Ripping boards of decking 2 (Authors own) Ripping boards of decking. (Amy McEwan) Measuring boards. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Discussions Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Making packers (Antony Graham) Shims. (Derek Hill) Arranging decking (Authors own) Adjusting. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Using shims. (Authors own) Figuring out Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Site overview (Authors own) Large decking section. (Beth Kytzia) Setting out (Antony Graham) Marking in place. (Antony Graham) Trimming in place. (Antony Graham) More adjusting Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Decking progress (Jamie McCallum) Decking and porch demo. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Porch demonsration (Derek Hill) Room with a view. (Derek Hill) Almost decked. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. On the edge. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Fising guides (Authors own) Porch demo. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Porch demonsration 2 (Aoife Nolan) Considering. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Freehand trim. (Authors own) Visual aid. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Dowel drilling. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Dowel drilling 2 Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Porch testing. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Damp drawings. (Derek Hill) Explain. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Too long. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016.
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Figure 242 - Internal members of porch. (Antony Graham) Figure 243 - Hold on. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 244 - Discussions. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 245 - Pose. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 246 - Trimming the posts. (Authors own) Figure 247 - Line up. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 248 - Hold on 2. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 249 - Getting the angle.Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 250 - Cutting the angle. (Antony Graham) Figure 251 - Lookingn on. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 252 - Part assambled. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 253 - Discussions 2. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 254 - Progress 2. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 255 - End of day three. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 256 - BBQ in the tent. (Jamie McCallum) Figure 257 - Party. (beth Kytzia) Figure 258 - Tent. (Authors own) Figure 259 - Final Fire. (Authors own) Figure 260 - Lit up tent. (Authors own) Figure 261 - Post. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 262 - Up and running on the final day. (Authors own) Figure 263 - Fixing porch members. (Derek Hill) Figure 264 - Sawing boards. (Derek Hill) Figure 265 - Porch testing. (Antony Graham) Figure 266 - Figuring out. (Antony Graham) Figure 267 - Porch structures coming together. (Authors own) Figure 268 - Cutting ply sheeting. (Authors own) Figure 269 - Laying boards. (Authors own) Figure 270 - Varnishing ply. (Authors own) Figure 271 - Chop. Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 272 - Cladding roofs. (Antony Graham) Figure 273 - Pilot holes. (Aoife Nolan) Figure 274 - Trim. (Aoife Nolan) Figure 275 - Cladding finish. (Aoife Nolan) Figure 276 - Team clad. (Amy McEwan) Figure 277 - Lunch break. (Authors own) Figure 278 - All hands on porch making. (Authors own) Figure 279 - Porch verticals. (Authors own) Figure 280 - Ready to lift. (Authors own) Figure 281 - Lift (Authors own)
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Figure 282 - Cladding details. (Aoife Nolan) Figure 283 - Porch A prgress. (Antony Graham) Figure 284 - Almost there. (Antony Graham) Figure 285 - Almost ther 2. (Authors own) Figure 286 - Preparing for final cladding. (Authors own) Figure 287 - Pilot holes vertical. (Jamie McCallum) Figure 288 - Cladding vertical A (Antony Graham) Figure 289 - Pre-drliing porch A face (Antony Graham) Figure 290 - Pleased with the finish (Beth Kytzia) Figure 291 - Finished half. (Chris McGowan) Figure 292 - Final team photo with client (Derek Hill) Figure 293 - Handover (Derek Hill) Figure 294 - Half and half (Antony Graham) Figure 295 - Porch B . (Jamie McCallum) Figure 296 - Complete (Jamie McCallum) Figure 297 - Porch A (Jamie McCallum) Figure 298 - Perspective through porches (Jamie McCallum) Figure 299 - Final meal (Antony Graham)
FIVE Conclusions
Figure 300 - Team testing the seating Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 301 - Post selfie Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 302 - Tools Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 303 - Muddy boots Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 304 - Clean saws Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 305 - Get the angle right Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 306 - Off-cuts Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 307 - Workbench Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016. Figure 308 - Accuracy Ross Campbell. Photographer 2016.
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The City and the LAND 2016 Participants information package
Appendix A - Info Pack
Contents
- Welcome
- Wiston Lodge
- Accommodation
- Transport
- Food
- Event
- Site information
- What to pack
- Activities
- Daily schedule
- Schedule of events
- Contact numbers
- Documenting information
- Participants information
- Team LAND
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Welcome to the city and the LAND 2016
We are delighted that you will be attending the City and the LAND workshop this August and are truly hoping that it will be an enjoyable and educational experience for everyone. This information package has been composed to allow participants to get a comprehensive introduction to what’s going to take place over the course of the four day workshop and allow you to prepare for this exciting venture. Preparation for the workshop is in full swing at the minute and the site preparation for the main build will be underway soon. If you would like to get in contact the following information will be useful for you:
Email: lewis.grant.2013@uni.strath.ac.uk Phone: 07972154930 Facebook: Lewis Grant The workshop will be documented on social media at the Instagram name below. Any sharing or enthusiasm that can be achieved through this will be beneficial to everyone. Go ahead and check it out‌ Instagram: @20theland16
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Wiston Lodge
General overview.
“Wiston Lodge, a residential centre that specialises in Personal, Social and Emotional Development (PSED) particularly relating to young people and at-risk adults.” The village of Wiston is located in rural South Lanarkshire, roughly an hour south of Glasgow and Edinburgh with it’s closest town being Biggar. Wiston Lodge is a former Victorian Hunting lodge from the 1850s situated amongst 52 acres of varying woodland ground. Generally used for Personal, Social and Emotional Development (PSED) functions the charity also has facilities for a range of outdoor based activities and events. We have booked out the timber cabins on the grounds of Wiston Lodge for the duration of the workshop. Three sleeper cabins will provide our accommodation and one communal cabin gives us space for sitting and kitchen facilities. Each of the sleeper cabins have two bedrooms containing one bunk bed and a single bed each (6 people per cabin) Each cabin has its own WC & shower room. The cabins are within walking distance of both the build site and the Lodge itself so there will be no need for transport after arrival.
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Transport The plan is to convene in the Foyer of the James Weir building at the University of Strathclyde on the morning of Tuesday the 9th of August at 10:00am for a 10:30am departure. From there a minibus will take the team to Wiston Lodge. The address for the James Weir building is: 68 Montrose St, Glasgow G1 1XL Anyone who thinks they might struggle to find or make it to the foyer by this time please let us know and we will sort something out. A map shows the James Weir building in black, access to the foyer is from Montrose street.
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Food All meals (Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner) are covered by the attendance fee, the majority of which will be supplied by the Lodge. A packed lunch will be provided for the busy days on site and there is a hopeful plan of a BBQ on the final night depending on the weather If you wish to bring any other food/snacks/drinks you are welcome to as there won’t be a chance to purchase these after departing Glasgow.
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Event
Background The LAND build workshop is a part of Festival of Architecture 2016’s the City and the Land event. The overall project is concerned with bringing attention to the architecture of Glasgow and it’s surrounding rural landscapes. This event is a collaboration of between the FoA2016 event and the masters in architecture project ‘Next Generation of Architectural Practice’ being undertaken by Lewis Grant and Paul Pointon. Paul’s volume of the study involves a general investigation into new and emerging architectural practices from recent years and the tools they use to establish themselves. Lewis’ study focuses specifically on one of these tools that crosses the boundary between education and practice - the Live Build. In the process of setting up the LAND build event there has been extensive research into how the Live Build operates as a educational vehicle and the benefits to be gained from taking part in hands on construction. These include a whole range of skills and abilities relevant to the practice of architecture including communication, working with others, design ability and technical knowledge. The hope is that this research will inform the build event to make it worthwhile and enjoyable for all involved, with as much of a focus on the process of things as the finished products.
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Event
Proceedings There will be three workshops taking place over the four day event. They will, at times, run simultaneously and occasionally linking into one another. The main BUILD workshop involves the improvement of access to an outdoor classroom that is housed in a recently renovated caravan. Designed by a team of Strathclyde fourth year architecture students earlier this year, the construction creates a level access decking and porches that offer shelter over the doors and storage for muddy boots. The focus of this workshop will be timber construction. This will involve a range of construction processes which you may be familiar to you or they might be completely new, the objective is for everyone to learn something about the act of working with a team in a hands-on environment with tools and materials to create a desired structure. The BEE HOTEL workshop stems from the ethos of Wiston Lodge. With a keen interest in nature and sustainable futures the charity has been eager to support the bee population due to their important role in nature. This workshop will involve designing and building bee shelters or ‘hotels’ to offer protection to solitary bees and will run simultaneously to the other workshops. The DRAWING workshop will be run in two parts. An introductory drawing session will allow students to get to know each other and the grounds of Wiston Lodge whilst giving everyone a chance to practice their drawing skills. The second drawing session will feed into the BEE HOTEL workshop, encouraging participant to think about their position in the nature and what it means to shelter within this.
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04
01
02
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44mm softwood deck joists
06 07
x 44mm softwood deck joists
x 44mm softwood deck joists
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09
x6
4 x 28mm deck board
x 44mm softwood deck joists 44mm softwood deck joists
x 100mm timber posts
0 x 100mm timber posts
(15no. 2400 x100 x 100mm timber posts) DATE:
20.03.16
PROJECT TITLE:
x 28mm deck board
Wiston Lodge SiteLab Phase 2
x 28mm (trimmed) deck board
10
DRAWING TITLE:
Kit of Parts DRAWING NUMBER:
600-01 SCALE: DRAWN BY:
1:10 LP,DH
37.
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Site information As the build site is very much a woodland area, expect a bit of shelter from any rain or wind that might occur however do bring waterproof clothing and layer to keep you comfortable in an average of about 15℃. Woodland also mean uneven ground, this is something to be conscious of at all times and appropriate footwear should be worn, steel toe cap boots are not necessary but sturdy shoes/boots would be recommended. Safety briefings will be given before each stage of the build and before using any potentially dangerous tools. It is important to ask questions for anything you are slightly unsure about for both your safety and your learning. Take care and pay attention at all times. The sketch map opposite indicates the location of the build site with a red circle.
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What to pack Expect to be in the outdoors for the majority of the event. As mentioned Wiston Lodge is a largely woodland area there is a lot of grass and muddy ground so bring appropriate work clothes that are likely to get dirty. Good sturdy shoes/boots, comfortable working clothes and a waterproof over layer to prepare for wet conditions would generally be ideal. Bedding will be provided by the lodge but bring your own towel with you. It would be wise to bring suncream, hats, sunglasses and midge repellent too. You can bring your own pens/pencils/sketching equipment for the drawing workshop if you like, there will also be some provided (but we all know how architects have their favourite pens!). It is not necessary that you bring your own sketchbook however you may wish to do so if you are a keen drawer. The landscape is rather scenic so you might like to bring a camera to capture some of this or indeed take photos of the event itself. If there is any medication you might need, please bring this with you.
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Other Activities. After the working day we may have some time in the evenings for socialising in the cabin or checking out the grounds surrounding the Lodge. There is also, as mentioned, a plan to have a final night BBQ.
Daily schedule Workshops will generally start at 9am each morning and finish at 18:30pm with tea and lunch breaks throughout the day. It will not necessarily be a tight schedule however it is intended that a range of diverse activities will be completed over the four days at a challenging yet enjoyable pace. As mentioned the ultimate the goal of the workshop is the process and value of that experience rather than finished object(s). Scheduling has been designed with the aim of completing all of the outlined tasks but at the same time it has a flexibility to allow for changes depending on progress. The ethos of Wiston Lodge is very organic in every sense - it is not essential for every project to have completion point! A day-by-day itinerary has been included on the following page. If there are any major changes to times you will be informed as soon as possible.
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Morning
Tuesday 9th August
Wednesday 10th August
Transport and intro to Wiston Lodge
Build
Shingle making
10:00 Gather in foyer of James Weir Building University of Strathclyde.
09:00 Briefing on site.
09:00 Briefing on site.
Introductions + loading up minibus. 10:30 Minibus departs Glasgow.
Finish cutting posts. Binding timbers fixed to posts. Cutting and assembling carcass timbers for decking modules.
Rotation of shingle making groups happening simultaneously to build on site.
11:30 Arrival at Wiston Lodge.
Lunch
12:00 - 13:00 Lunch at the Lodge.
Lunch 13:00 -13:30
Afternoon
13:00 Drop off bags in cabins.
13:30 - 18:30
13:30 - 18:30
Continuing with cutting and assembling carcasses for decking modules.
Rotation of shingle making groups happening simultaneously to build on site.
13:30 Introduction to Wiston Lodge and tour. 14:00 Introductory drawing workshop. 16:00 Introduction to build site and briefing of construction project. Commence marking out of posts and cutting.
18:30 Clear up site
Evening
Dinner 19:00
Dinner 19:00 19:00 - 21:00 Begin marking and cutting decking boards.
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Thursday 11th August
Friday 12th August
Build
Bee Hotel Pt I
Bee Hotel pt II
09:00 Briefing on site.
09:00 Briefing on site.
09:00 Briefing on site.
Photographer present on site Continue cutting of decking boards. Secure decking boards on to carcasses.
Rotation of bee hotel groups happening simultaneously to build on site.
Making of Bee Hotels.
Attach decking modules to posts.
Lunch 13:00 -13:30
Lunch 13:00 -14:00
13:30 - 18:30
13:30 - 15:30
14:00
Cutting and assembling carcass of porch.
Rotation of bee hotel groups happening simultaneously to build on site.
Round up session. Photographs and feedback
Sheeting of porch. Making of steps. Constructing boot store within porch. Erecting porch. Begin shingling.
BBQ 19:00
Load up minibus. Minibus departs Wiston Lodge for Glasgow 17:00
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Contact numbers Useful numbers to take note of‌ Lewis Grant (co-ordinator) - 07972154930 Derek Hill (advisor) - 07545 620997 Wiston Lodge - 01899 850 228
Documentation As this event is being undertaken as part of a masters in architecture project there is an element of documentation required throughout the process. Photographs will be getting taken regularly throughout the workshops. There will be a feedback session before we leave on the Friday to get an insight for the useful and enjoyable parts of the event and any things you think could have been improved for whatever reason. Feedback will also be useful for participants as a means of reflection on lessons learned. Your participation in this event will encourage educational development and as such you might find it useful to document this event as part of your own portfolio.
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Participant information I have attached a participants consent form required by Wiston Lodge. Not all questions will be appropriate to the activities we will be carrying out but they require all fields to be filled in as a formality. Please complete this form and send to lewis.grant.2013@uni.strath. ac.uk as soon as possible.
Team LAND It’s great to see we have a great range of participants from across Scotland and further afield. Hopefully it will be a fun, educational and memorable event with like minded people for a shared goal. We are very much looking forward to it, hope you are too. Welcome aboard.
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Appendix B - Health and Safety
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Health and Safety
Prior to the event taking place the participants were briefed and the staff at Wiston
Lodge were consulted on their health and safety procedures.
Included in the Participants Information Package were notes of guidance on what
to pack. This included things like appropriate clothing for the uneven woodland ground that the event would take place in. Along with this things like warm clothing, waterproof clothing, mosquito replant and sun-cream were advised for the participants to prepare in their packing. A general briefing of what to expect on site in terms of site conditions and activities was communicated to all participants through the Participants Information Package or via other means.
Consultation with the staff at Wiston Lodge involved advice such as the use of
manual tools only on-site to avoid any potential health and safety issues that could arise with inexperienced users and highly dangerous machinery. This incurred changes to plan in methods of assembly however it showed a priority for safety to be a part of this event over progress in speed of construction. A benefit to this was to be found in the fact that the participants would gain a more in depth understanding and potentially a better appreciation for the skills required and general modes of construction that are necessary in some building processes. Micah of Wiston Lodge was able to inform me of the available PPE equipment that was available to be used on-site - gloves, ear-protection, eye protection and dust masks. All of this would be sufficient to protect the participants from any of the perceived risks that could occur. The main risk highlighted by Paul Pointon, who has previous Live Build experience, was that inexperienced users of hand saws often injure their hands whilst learning this skill. It was determined that gloves would be provided for sawing activities.
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Appendix C - Construction drawing, used
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Appendix D - Total costings for event
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Appendix E - Questionnaires for preceeding student run Live Builds
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Appendix F - Questionnaires for participants of The LAND 2016
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All Photos in this Appendix credited to Ross Campbell Photographer 2016. http:// www.ross-campbell.co.uk/
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Name : Lewis Grant Masters of Architecture student and Organiser of The LAND 2016 Live Build
Appendix G - Team LAND profiles
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Name : Derek Hill Head of First year at Strathclyde Department of Architecture and Supervisor to The LAND 2016 Masters of Architecture project.
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Name : Kirsty Cassels
Background I am interested in building with natural building materials, low impact design and physically building what you design. I studied my part one, part-time while working full time for a commercial architects firm. I studied my part two at the Centre for Alternative Technology in Sustainability & Adaptation in the Built Environment. I’ve worked on numerous Live Builds, including project managing the build of a school with local labour in Sierra Leone. My aspiration is to run a successful design and build firm where every member of the team both designs and builds a project one at a time, preferably low impact and using natural building materials.
Building experience I have plenty of prior building experience but never pass up the opportunity to take part in a live build, especially when it helps out someone I know.
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Name : Antony Graham
Background I am a very creative, passionate and determined individual. When I gained the opportunity to study Architecture I seen it as a chance to demonstrate my passion for buildings, the environment and how it impacts the lives of human beings for the better. I’ve spent most my life in education. I had one summer job working at JD sports which was an interesting public experience. I am very interested in travelling, eventually trying different cultures, socialising with friends, reading and meeting new people. Drawing, painting, helping others and walking while taking in sights is also some. My aspirations are clear: To travel the world insight of culture, knowledge and excitement, to gain my degree and become a licensed architect that hopefully one day will specialise in the field of accessibility. I can also talk for Scotland.
Building experience My first year project at Wiston Lodge involved building shelters. The process of manufacturing and live building is my only building experience. I decided to join this project because I aim to take every opportunity to learn, gain key knowledge and skills, and meet new people as much as possible. I would also love to help the children, young adults and staff at Wiston Lodge.
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Name : Karen Heaney
Background I am 21 years old and about to start my third year of Architecture at Strathclyde. I work part-time at Tesco in the clothing department. I like travelling, watching films and spending time with my 3 year old niece. My aspiration is to become a successful architect.
Building experience I don’t have any building experience as of yet, except for the Wiston Lodge project in first year. However I love making models and I think i’ll really enjoy taking part in hands on work and seeing the structure materialise.
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Name : Beth Kytzia
Background Education/Employment wise, I left school in 6th year and went straight to studying Law & Business at UWS in Paisley, absolutely hated it, dropped out after year 1 and took a year out working full-time in a local restaurant, then applied to Strathclyde to study architecture, going into year 2 after the summer and have really loved it so far. I’m currently working in a coffee shop and with a local practice, ‘James Harper Architect’ , which is giving me pretty good experience, mainly in residential projects. Regarding interests and aspirations, I just want to gain as much experience as possible in this kind of field and travel loads. I love being outdoors.
Building experience Not going to lie, I have next to no experience. If anything, I guess you can count the live build project carried out at Wiston at the start of year 1. I became interested in this event as it would provide me with some live build experience, plus it seems like a really cool project so I’m chuffed that I’m getting to play a part in it.
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Name : Jamie McCallum
Background I am an Architecture student based in Glasgow. By completing aN HND in Architectural Technology, my understanding of the built environment was created before I moved on to a BSc in Architectural Studies where I have recently completed my third year. I am currently undertaking a placement as a Part 1 Architectural Assistant. In my spare time I enjoy cycling regularly with friends. As a keen rock and metal fan I like to attend concerts whenever possible. My ambition in architecture is to focus on residential spaces and explore digital design to improve the sustainability of the domestic environment.
Building experience I have previously been involved with two live build events for Tog 2014, the building of a boat house and Tog 2016, the building of a house. I have also worked for small builders and contractors. I was interested in this event because I wanted to learn more about working with wood.
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Name : Amy McEwan
Background I’m quite an outgoing and sociable person from Falkirk. I went to uni straight after high school knowing that I wanted to be an architect after spending time working in a local practice. I work at Next Ltd part time, and in my own time I try to travel as much as possible, continue to work in my local architects practice and do anything arty. I like to live each day as it comes and don’t have anything more planned for my future other than to see as much of the world as I can and to do what makes me happy.
Building experience The only prior hands on building experience I have is building a wooden frame for a bath-tub chair as part of 1st year live build project for Wiston Lodge. I have been on plenty of building sites. I was interested in joining the event as I expected the group to be full of fun and sociable people who are keen and excited about architecture. I also want to get as much hands on experience as possible as I struggle to understand how structures are built without seeing it for myself.
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Name : Chris McGowan
Background My Name is Chris McGowan and i am 23 years old. I’ve just finished my first year of Architecture at Strathclyde and have previously studied interior design for 4 years, in which I have a BA(hons). I’ve been working as a designer for Claremont Office Furniture for over a year now and am currently head of design. I have a keen interest in many sports and like to keep fit, more recently taken up running and cycling which i’m trying to build up to longer distances. I am recently back from a euro trip which involved a lot of visits to many significant pieces of architecture and i’m looking forward to returning to uni for 2nd year and getting back in to the swing of being a part of a design project which is what drew me to this event.
Building experience In terms of building experience, i have moved house many times which has required a lot of furniture building but also kitchen fitting and 2 decks when i was in my earlier teens. Not afraid of hard work and look forward to being part of the group,
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Name : Aoife Nolan
Background I’m going into my 3rd year of architecture school at Strathclyde. In 2012 I graduated with a degree in art and had been hungry to pursue architecture in order to amalgamate both disciplines. My goal is to become an architect, absolutely. But I think the marriage of art and architecture could really benefit and enhance communities and people’s wellbeing. My aspiration will be to experiment with that as a professional.
Building experience I have no prior building experience whatsoever. Learning through doing is what works best for me and this event interested me. It’s a great opportunity for someone with as little hands on experience as I have, while getting a chance to work on a team and give back to a fantastic place like Wiston Lodge.
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Name : Ayla Rioma
Background I recently completed my undergrad at the University of Edinburgh and have remained there to study my masters as I’m particularly interested in Scottish architecture. My awareness of Scottish heritage, from childhood, and my recent experience of live builds has honed my interest in intimate design and architecture within a rural context.
Building experience I have recently become involved with building particularly this summer and to continue this I was interested in taking part in this event to further my experience in this area. I hope to be involved in more build projects in the future and incorporate what I have learnt during the construction processes into my designs.
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Name : Sinje Westerhaus
Background I am an architecture student from Hanover, Germany and I am going to start my final semester of Master’s soon. I have worked in two architecture offices before (one in Germany and one in Scotland) which made me realise that I am not one for working in a traditional practice. I am interested in small scale architectural designs, graphic- and product design so I am hoping that I will be able to pursue a career in these fields.
Building experience Before I started uni I built the stage design for a youth theatre play with a friend which required some sawing and screwing. I have a licence for the wood workshop at my uni which means I am able to use all the heavy tools (like a circular saw bench e.g.). Last year I was part of a group of students who designed and fabricated a series of parade installations. I was interested in this event because I have never had the opportunity to build anything of this scale since it is not part of the architectural education of my uni and I was hoping to gain some valuable construction experiences.
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