Itinerant Geographies: Migration Routes, detention Centres & Refugee Organisations in Malta by LezandriVanRooyen

tinerant ItinerantGeographies Geographies

Migration Routes, Detention Organisations in Malta Migration Routes, Detention Centres & Refugee Organisations in Malta Migration Routes, Detention Centres & Refugee Malta

Itinerant Geog

Itinerant Geographies

Migration Routes, Detention Centres & Refugee Organisations in Malta

Lezandri van Rooyen

Contents Introduction Key Statistics Migration Detention Organisations Image Credits Bibliography Webography Contact Established

03 04 12 20 34 45 47 49 51

Introduction The issue of displacement and migration is one of the most controversial topics today. The increasing numbers of conflicts and shifts in our global political and socioeconomic systems have resulted in a persecuted minority having to fight for aid, refuge and survival. Itinerant Geographies presents statistics and facts regarding migration to and through Malta by mapping the various places of transit, the geographical places and the institutional stations on the refugeesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; journeys.

Number of refugees present in European countries

1,450 31,745

24,495 22,710

1,150

64,310

440

5,615

22,5

3,820 13,225 145 81,180 14,680 440

8,020 202,545

555

375

1,145

28,035

385

42,775 1,545

450

64,625

11,070

9,430

1,735

1,350

Population %

Luxembourg

1150 = 0.21%

Malta

1350 = 0.33%

Cyprus

1735 = 0.15%

Ireland

1450 = 0.02%

Sweden

81180 = 0.84%

Austria

28035 = 0.33%

Denmark

28035 = 0.26%

Belgium

22710 = 0.21%

Germany

202545 = 0.25%

United Kingdom

31745 = 0.05%

Netherlands

24495 = 0.15%

Romania

1545 = 0.01%

Lithuania

440 = 0.02%

Slovenia

385 = 0.02%

Spain

5615 = 0.01%

Finland

3820 = 0.07%

Poland

8020 = 0.02%

Italy

64625 = 0.11%

France

64310 = 0.01%

Greece

9430 = 0.09%

Latvia

375 = 0.02%

Hungary

42775 = 0.43%

Estonia

145 = 0.01%

Czech Republic

1145 = 0.01%

Bulgaria

11070 = 0.16%

Croatia

450 = 0.01%

Portugal

440 = 0%

Slovakia

330 = 0.01%

Switzerland

22555 = 0.28%

Iceland

170 = 0.05%

Liechtenstein

65 = 0.17%

Norway

13225 = 0.26%

0.1%

0.2%

0.3%

0.4%

.5%

0.6%

0.7%

0.8%

0.9%

Overall Population 550,000 412,655 1,172,458 6,410,000 9,644,864 8,508,000 5,569,077 10,839,905 82,652,256 63,489,234 16,864,000 21,729,871 2,929,323 2,061,000 46,439,864 5,268,799 38,346,279 61,070,224 64,641,279 10,775,557 1,990,351 9,919,128 1,313,645 10,627,448 6,924,716 4,470,534 10,394,000 5,443,583 8,139,600 326,000 37,313 5,147,792

2008

2009

2010

2011

2,607 Asylum Applications

2,389 Asylum Applications

175 Asylum Applications

1,862 A

Asylum Applications

2012

2013

2014

2,607 Asylum Applications

2,056 Asylum Applications

1,280 Asylum Applications

Malta has the highest rate of Asylum Seekers per its national population of the industrialised world:

412,655 Total Population

Migrants for every

1,000

401,542

9,763

Maltese Born Population

inhabitants

Immigrant Population

1,350

Refugee Population

Migration | the Journey

Stage 1

Stage 3 Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 2

Stage 5 Stage 4

Stage 5

Stage 4

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 5

Current national situations of conflict and tragedy. Stage 1

Forced to flee from conflict and tragedy. Stage 2

Traverse the Sahara via truck, jeep, and foot. Stage 3

Travel to northern African countries boardering the Stage 4 Mediterranean sea.

Board boats cros Mediterranean sea. Stage 5

Current national situations of conflict and tragedy.

Forced to flee from conflict and tragedy.

Traverse the Sahara via truck, jeep, and foot.

Travel to northern African countries boardering the Mediterranean sea.

Board boats cros Mediterranean sea.

Stage 6a

Stage 6b

Stage 9 Stage 7

Stage 8

Stage 7

Stage 8

Stage 9

Stage 6c

Stage 6a

Stage 7

Stage 8

Stage 9

ssing the

Shipwrecked or found by the Malta coast guard and Stageto6aport. taken

Seized by governmental authorities upon arrival. Stage 7

Screened by local authorities and recorded on Stage arrival in8 EU.

Detained for up to 18 months in governemntal detention Stage facilities9and Open Centres.

ssing the

Shipwrecked or found by the Malta Stage 6b coast guard and taken to port. Arrive at chosen destination after days at sea. Stage 6b

Seized by governmental authorities upon arrival.

Screened by local authorities and recorded on arrival in EU.

Detained for up to 18 months in governemntal detention facilities and Open Centres.

Arrive at6cchosen destination Stage after days at sea. Due to harsh conditions at sea a large percentage nevStage er make6cit beyond this point. Due to harsh conditions at sea a large percentage never make it beyond this point.

Migrants seeking refuge in Malta come predominantly from troubled African states, as well as some from Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Somalian migrants make up the vast majority of refugees in Malta, closely followed by Ethiopia, Eritrea, Ghana, Nigeria, Libya and Serbia.

Mali Senegal Guinea

Ivory Coast Nigeria Ghana Togo

Ukraine

Serbia

Syria

Libya

Chad

Egypt

Eritrea Ethiopia Somalia 15

HighlyHighly Trafficked Zone |Zone 68% |Captured Here Here Trafficed 68% Captured BodiesBodies of Landof Land SailingSaiing / Landing Points Points / Landing Legal Routes Used Illegally Legal Routes Used Illigially Illegal Routes Legal Routes Used Illigially

The vast majority of migrants journey to Malta by illegal boat through the Mediterranean Sea. A considerable fee is normally paid in Libya or other northern African states to secure entry onto smugglers’ vessels both small and large. Many migrants are caught oﬀ guard by the rough sea conditions, lack of food, dehydration, and the cramped living conditions on board causing 68% of the migrants to be spotted and caught / reported by the Maltese Coast Guard (grey zone indicated). Many make their way to the small island Lampendusa and then endeavour to journey to mainland Europe. Arrival in Malta is often accidental and prone to diﬃcult boating circumstances.

Mountains | Rugged Landscape

Harbours | Port Zones

Urban Beaches | Dangerous

Rural Beaches | Safe Landing

Migrants hoping to reach the shores of Malta are brought in either by coast guard (once located and rescued from the southern Mediterranean outside Libya and Tunisia) or by the arrival of their illegal vessel in the Ports of Malta. This page presents a study of what opportunities might present themselves if the Migrants Mountains | Rugged were able to swim / make their own way Landscape to shore. Harbours | Port Zones The southern coast of Malta presents a few rural / unpopulated beaches for safe landing. The southern coast of the island is also concealed by the mountainous Urban Beaches | Dangerous / hillside areas. The ports of Malta are mostly located on the northern side of the island. Likewise, beaches in the north are Rural Beaches | Safe Landing vastly urbanised and open.

Detention Centre | In Use

Detention Centre | Closed Down

B2 B2

Siggiewi Siggiewi

A1 B B3 A3 A1 B B3 A3

Open Centre | Post Detention

With approximately 15,000 migrants seeking refuge in Malta since 2002 this small island now has the highest number of asylum seekers relative to the national population of any country in the industrialised world. Once on the island, all migrants without required documentation for entry into Malta and the EU are taken into detention facilities until their documentation is applied for and processed. In some cases this can take up to 18 months and the individuals are detained. In the absence of documentation, or when there is a refusal to provide any, a migrant will be returned to their Nation of departure, and refused entry and asylum in Malta. As a result of the influx of migrants breaching the shores of Malta via the Mediterranean, the island developed a series of detention facilities of varying scope and size: Safi Barracks, Lyster Barracks, Ta’kanja Closed Centre, Marsa Open Centre, and Hal Far Open Centre. A sudden fall in migration between 2011 and 2013 resulted in closure of three of Malta’s detention facilities (indicated in beige), two of which were located at Safi Barracks and the other at Ta’kandja. Only three facilities remain open and functioning to date (indicated in orange), two units at Safi Barracks and one at Lyster Barracks. Open Centres are reserved for individuals who have gained their asylum / refugee status. These centres act as transition centres from detention into the Maltese community.

C1 C1

Safi

Safi Hal Far

A2 C2 Hal Far C3 A2 C2 C3

Saﬁ Detention Centre

Fig. 01 | Migrants sleep in their dormitory at Saﬁ Barracks

Fig. 02 | Migrants sit crammed in their dormitory at B-Block

Fig. 03 | Enclosed compound at the Saﬁ Detention Centre

Fig. 04 | Aerial mapping of Saﬁ Detention Centre

Name | B-Block and Warehouse One at Safi Barracks, Hal Safi Detention Time frame | Long term (up to eighteen months) Security | Secure (detainees unable to leave facility) Management | Detention Service / Ministry for Home Affairs and National Security Capacity | 160 (B-Block) and 200 (Warehouse One) Demographics | Adult Males and Male Minors 23

Lyster Detention Centre

Fig. 05 | Somalian woman at Lyster Barracks Detention Centre

Fig. 06 | Detention service oďŹ&#x192;cer distributing blankets in the common room at the Lyster Barracks

Fig. 07 | Migrants await processing and registration upon arrival

Fig. 08 | Aerial mapping of Lyster Detention Centre

Name | Hermes Block at Lyster Barracks, Hal Far Detention Time frame | Long term (up to eighteen months) Security | Secure (detainees unable to leave facility) Management | Detention Service / Ministry for Home AďŹ&#x20AC;airs and National Security Capacity | 380 Demographics | Adult Males, Adult Females, Families and Minors 25

Marsa Open Centre

Fig. 09 | Marsa Open Centre from Valletta Port

Fig. 10 | African immigrants play football at the Marsa Open Centre

Fig. 11 | Common room facilities at the Open Centre

Fig. 12 | Aerial mapping of Marsa Open Centre

Hal Far Open Centre

Fig. 13 | Prefabricated container homes at Hal Far Open Centre

Fig. 14 | Hal Far Hangar with inﬂammable oil on ﬂoor of open centre

Fig. 15 | Former ‘Tent Village’ as part of Hal Far Open Centre

Fig.16 | Aerial mapping of Hal Far Open Centre

Name | Hal Far Open Centre, Hal Far Detention Time frame | Long Term Security | Open Security - Residents are free to enter and exit open centres. Public visitors require security clearance. Management | Agency for the Welfare of Asylum Seekers Capacity | 1000+ Demographics | Adult Males, Adult Females, Families and Minors

Detention | the Journey

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 1 for up to 18 months in Detained governmental detention facilities Detained for up to 18 months in while awaiting confirmation of asygovernmental facilities lum applicationdetention and immigration while awaiting confirmation of asydocumentation. lum application and immigration documentation.

Stageclothing 2 Basic is provided on arrival at the detention facilities. Basic clothing is provided on arrival at the detention facilities.

Stage 3 are provided with a Detainees bed for sleeping (often alongside Detainees within a at least 20 are otherprovided individuals) bed for sleeping alongside barrack dormitory.(often No storage is at least 20 individuals) in a provided forother personal belongings. barrack dormitory. No storage is provided for personal belongings.

Stage 4 All detainees amined by a All detainees fessional with amined by a at the facility. fessional with at the facility.

s are seen and exa Dr / medical proshinare seen of and exa week arrival a. Dr / medical prohin a week of arrival .

Stage 6a Stage 6a

Stage 5

Stage 6b

Stage 5

Stage 6b

Stage 6c Stage 6c

Stage 5

Stage 6a

Stage 5 official visa / immigraArrival of tion documentation from counArrival of official immigratry of origin can visa take/ up to 18 tion documentation from counmonths of waiting in detention. try of origin can take up to 18 months of waiting in detention.

Stage 6a Most detainees seek entry into mainland Europe or America. Most detainees seek entry into Provision of official documentamainland Europe or Malta America. tion provides exit from and Provision of official entry via plane route.documentation provides exit from Malta and entry via plane route. Stage 6b Stage 6b seeking integration Individuals into Maltese society are transiIndividuals integration tioned eitherseeking to an Open Centre into Maltese are transior moved intosociety community houstioned either run to an Centre ing projects byOpen charities on or moved into community housthe island. ing projects run by charities on the island. Stage 6c Stage Failure 6c to gain official documentation may result in deportation Failure to gain official documenor returning to country of origin. tation may result in deportation or returning to country of origin.

Detention | the Reality The reality of detainment in Maltese facilities culminates in an ongoing process of waiting for relocation, or likely leaving Malta. The process of awaiting documentation results in months of emotional toil, with little to entertain, stimulate or comfort the mind and body. The facilities are poor, underdeveloped and unmaintained. Inadequate temperature control results in extreme internal conditions throughout the year - cold in winter and hot in summer.

“Unsanitary” “No privacy” “Overcrowded” “Declining mental health” “No heating or ventilation” “No computer or internet access” “Lacking educational or recreation facilities” 32

Getting out of Malta | The Aim

Documentation

Leisure Waiting | The Reality

Leaving

Language & Life Skill Training

Food

Recreation

Temperature

There are a number of charities, local and global non governmental organisations, as well as governmental organisations situated around Malta (predominantly near the capital, Valletta) that assist in humanitarian aid issues and the ongoing refugee / migrant crisis on the island.

Sliema

Valletta

Birkirka

Msida

Floriana

Santa Venera

Blata l-Bajda C1

Zurrieq A1

B3 A5

A1 Peace Peace Lab | Zurrieq A1

A2 Commission A2Emigrants Emigrants Commission A1 Peace Lab | Zurrieq| Valletta

A2 Emigrants Commission | Valletta

A3 A3 Migrant Offshore Aid Station | Sliema

A4 Aditus Foundation | Valletta

A5 Intergra Integra | Valletta A5

A5 Integra | Valletta

A6 Solidarity Solidarity Overseas Service Service | Santa Venera A6 Solidarity Overseas Service | Santa Venera

B1 B1 Jesuit Refugee Centre | Birkirka B1 Jesuit Refugee Centre | Birkirka

B2 UNHCR Malta | Floriana B2 UNHCR Malta | Floriana

B3 B3 Malta Red Cross | Valletta B3 Malta Red Cross | Valletta

B4 VictumSupport Malta | Msida B4 VictumSupport Malta | Msida

C1 National Commission for the Promotion of Equality | Blata I-Bajda l-Bajda

C1 National Commission for the Promotion of Equality | Blata l-Bajda

C2 The Ombudsmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office | Valletta C2

C2 The Ombudsmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office | Valletta

Non-Governmental Organisations | Local

A1 Peace Lab | Zurrieq

A2 Emigrants Commission | Valletta

Adult Educational Programme, Internet Cafe, Medical Clinic, Hospitality and Shelter services, Library services, Assistance in finding Shelter, Work and Community in Malta.

Protection, basic needs, accommodation, recreation, and schooling.

A3 Migrant Offshore Aid Station | Sliema MOAS patrols major migrant shipping lanes stocked with water, non-perishable food, life jackets, blankets, and medical supplies.

Non-Governmental Organisations | Global

B1 Jesuit Refugee Centre | Birkirka Legal assistance, social work services, healthcare and psychological support, awareness-raising in schools, spiritual care.

B2 UNHCR Malta | Floriana

B3 Malta Red Cross | Valletta

Work toward finding solutions for refugees and beneficiaries of protection in Malta, advocate for protection and conditions of asylum in Malta.

Prevent and alleviate human suffering, improving the situation of vulnerable people with absolute impartiality and without discrimination.

A4 Aditus Foundation | Valletta

A5 Integra | Valletta

Human rights advocacy and law services.

Advocacy, research, lobbying, health care, housing, education, employment, and basic social protection.

A6 Solidarity Overseas Service | Santa Venera Support services, education, humanitarian aid, food supplies, advocacy and research into future economic, social and political development

Governmental Organisations | National

B4 VictumSupport Malta | Msida Provide support and assistance to victims of crime, provide emotional support in overcoming the trauma following a crime; and provide legal information.

C1 National Commission for the Promotion of Equality | Blata l-Bajda

C2 The Ombudsmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office | Valletta

Work to eliminate discrimination by promoting equality for all and diversity as an added value for society.

Act to safeguard the rights of individuals against abuse of power or violations of fundamental human rights by the public au-

John XXII Peace Lab

Fig. 17 | A mobile home for immigrants being assembled on the grounds of the Peace Laboratory in Hal Far.

Fig. 18 | US Ambassador to Malta Douglas Kmiec visits the Peace Lab

Fig. 19 | An African child talks with Maltese children during a musical integration party at the Peace Lab

Fig.20 | Aerial mapping of the John XXII Peace Lab (in orange)

Name | John XXII Peace Lab, Hal Far Headquarters | Peace Lab, Triq Hal-Far, Zurrieq, ZRQ 2609, Malta Management | Local Catholic Church Authorities Local Authority | Ministry for the Family and Social Solidarity Type | Non-Governmental Organisation / Charity Focus | Empowering, encouraging and aiding integration in society among refugees Concept | “Trying to give a voice to the voiceless” Accommodation | Peace Lab is one of two NGOs in Malta providing lodging facilities for asylum seekers upon their exit of Detention Centres. •

Peace Lab provides sheltered accommodation for 45 immigrants.

•

Signed an agreement in 2005 with the Ministry for the Family and Social Solidarity to provide accommodation at the Peace Lab Headquarters to a maximum of 20 adult asylum seekers at on time.

•

Peace Lab provide adult educational programmes through radio programmes and newspapers.

•

Meet and provide immigrants with essential information and educational resources that respond to their needs.

Malta Emigrants Commission

Fig. 21 | Volunteers assisting in building the Balzan Residential Complex for Refugees

Fig. 22 | Window construction of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Cluster Homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Accommodation by volunteers

Fig. 23 | Opening of a new annex at Good Shepherd Residential Complex for Irregular migrants

Fig.24 | Aerial mapping of Malta Emigrants Commission HQ (in orange) and other related accommodation properties (in beige)

Name | Malta Emigrant Commission (MEC) Headquarters | Dar l-Emigrant, Castille Place, Valletta, VLT 01, Malta Management | Local Catholic Church Authorities Type | Non-Governmental Organisation / Charity Focus | Provision of protection and assistance for refugees in Malta Concept | “Building a community of communities” Accommodation | MEC is one of two NGOs in Malta providing lodging facilities for asylum seekers upon their exit of Detention Centres. •

MEC houses approximately 44% of all individuals located in open centres within Malta.

•

MEC possesses 14 accommodation facilities throughout and around Malta at varying locations: Floriana, Msida, Valletta, Marsa, Balzan, Guardamangia and Santa Venera.

•

Balzan Residential Complex for Refugees (Emigrants Commission Open Centre)

•

‘Cluster Home’ Accommodation

•

The subtotal of accommodation units shelter an average of 400 people.

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Visit Polyclinic

Check for infectious disease

Issue medical certificates

Stage 4 Apply for Identity Card

Stage 5 Visit Refugee Commissions

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are at their beck and call; to meet their manifold needs for as long as they stay in our country.â&#x20AC;? Fr. Alfred Vella

Integration | the Process Stage by stage guide for integration into Maltese society in accordance with the Malta Emigrant Commission Guidelines. As recorded in Fr. Alfred Vellaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s report entitled: Working Among Asylum Seekers and Refugees - The Emigrantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Commission Experience.

Stage 6 Gain official documentation

Stage 7 Register for work

Stage 8 Apply for Passport

Stage 9 Enrol children at school

Image Credits Fig. 1 Available at: http-//dynewsportal.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/isle-landers-what-happens-to-migrants (Accessed: 20 October 2015). Fig. 2 Available at: http-//islelanders.com/2014/05/13/asylum-seekers-malta-detention/ (Accessed: 20 October 2015). Fig. 3 Available at: http-//dynewsportal.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/isle-landers-what-happens-to-migrants (Accessed: 20 October 2015). Fig. 4 Google Earth 7.1.5.1557 (20 October, 2015). Safi Detention Barracks, Hal Safi, Malta. DigitalGlobe 2015. http://www.earth.google.com [20 October, 2015] Fig. 5 Available at: http-//qz.com/204804/four-unexpected-and-terrible-destinations-for-the-worldspersecuted/ (Accessed: 20 October 2015). Fig. 6 Available at: http-//townhall.com/photos/2012/01/20/somali_immigrants_gather_around_detention_ service_officers_distributing_blankets_in_the_common_room_at_the_lyster_barracks_detention_centre_in_ hal_far (Accessed: 20 October 2015). Fig. 7 Available at: giannicipriano.photoshelter.com/image/I0000xVgtGiqEzDU (Accessed: 20 October 2015). Fig. 8 Google Earth 7.1.5.1557 (20 October, 2015). Lyster Detention Barracks, Hal Far, Malta. DigitalGlobe 2015. http://www.earth.google.com [20 October, 2015] Fig. 9 Available at: http-//www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110918/local/Migrants-given-marching-ordersfrom-open-centre.385114 (Accessed: 20 October 2015). Fig. 10 Available at: http://islelanders.com/2014/06/16/migrants-playing-football-in-malta/ (Accessed: 20 October 2015).

Fig. 11

Available at: http-//www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110804/local/Open-centre-residentsmust-move-on-.378658 (Accessed: 20 October 2015).

Fig. 12

Google Earth 7.1.5.1557 (20 October, 2015). Marsa Open Centre, Marsa, Malta. DigitalGlobe 2015. http://www.earth.google.com [20 October, 2015]

Fig. 13

Available at: http-//dynewsportal.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/isle-landers-what-happens-to-migrants (Accessed: 20 October 2015).

Fig. 14

Available at: giannicipriano.photoshelter.com/image/I0000kldAVLvHVBc (Accessed: 20 October 2015).

Fig. 15

Available at: https-//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Malta-halfar-tentvillage-nov2009.jpg

Fig. 16

Google Earth 7.1.5.1557 (20 October, 2015). Hal Far Open Centre, Hal Far, Malta DigitalGlobe 2015. http://www.earth.google.com [20 October, 2015]

Fig. 17

Available at: http-//www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080826/local/peace-lab-to-provide-more-shelterfor-immigrants.222298.jpg (Accessed: 29 October 2015).

Fig. 18

Available at: https-//3a09223b3cd53870eeaa-7f75e5eb51943043279413a54aaa858a.ssl.cf3.rackcdn. com//opinion_01_temp-1324801092-4ef6dc44-620x348.jpg (Accessed: 29 October 2015).

Fig. 19

Available at: https-//islelanders.ďŹ les.wordpress.com/2014/03/25jun13_zl_9436 png?w=384&h=384&crop=1 (Accessed: 29 October 2015).

Fig. 20

Google Earth 7.1.5.1557 (29 October, 2015). John XXII Peace Lab, Hal Far, Malta DigitalGlobe 2015. http://www.earth.google.com [29 October, 2015]

Fig. 21

Available at: orderofmalta-malta.org.mt. (Accessed: 29 October 2015).

Fig. 22 Available at: orderofmalta-malta.org.mt (Accessed: 29 October 2015). Fig. 23 Available at: orderofmalta-malta.org.mt (Accessed: 29 October 2015). Fig. 24 Google Earth 7.1.5.1557 (29 October, 2015). Malta Emigrants Commission, Valletta, Malta DigitalGlobe 2015. http://www.earth.google.com [29 October, 2015]

Bibliography Hailey, C. (2009) Camps: A guide to 21st-century space. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Swithinbank, T. (2001) Coming up from the streets: The story of the big issue.London: Earthscan/James & James.

Webography http://www.globaldetentionproject.org/countries/europe/malta/introduction.html http://www.unhcr.org.mt/charts/ http://www.islelanders.com http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2013-07-20/news/inside-detention-centres-for-irregularmigrants-2116583425/ http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/malta/general http://efus.eu/en/topics/people/migrants-minorities/efus/2966/ https://maltaremembrances.wordpress.com/page/2/ http://www.orangemagazine.eu/the-forced-journey/ http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Main_Page https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/07/18/boat-ride-detention/adult-and-child-migrants-malta http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2009-07-27/news/the-emigrants-commissionassisting-asylum-seekers-ďŹ rst-228334/ http://www.euroinfo.ee/malta/pdf/24.pdf http://orderofmalta-malta.org.mt/wp/wordpress/home/ http://www.timesofmalta.com

http://www.mecmalta.com/emmcomm.html http://peacelab.org http://www.moas.eu http://aditus.org.mt http://integrafoundation.org http://www.sosmalta.org/ http://www.jrsmalta.org http://www.redcross.org.mt http://victimsupport.org.mt http://ncpe.gov.mt/en/Pages/NCPE_Home.aspx http://www.ombudsman.org.mt

Contact Established UNHCR Malta Emigrants Commission John XXll Peace Lab Jesuit Refugee Services SOS Malta Darrin Zammit (blogger) Jedidiah Gordon-Morgan (student)

Lezandri van Rooyen

Itinerant Geographies Lezandri van Rooyen

Itinerant Geographie

Lezandri Lezandri vanvan Rooyen van Rooyen Lezandri Rooyen

Migration Routes, Detention Centres & Refugee Org

Itinerant Geog