DESIGN_Sub centre, IPHS

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

4.3 Topography Survey

A topographic survey gathers data about the natural and man-made features of the land, as well as its terrain. Permanent features such as buildings, fences, trees and streams accurately define the ground and its boundaries. Land contours and spot levels show the elevation of the terrain. This can often be related to national Ordnance Survey grid and datum information (often using GPS) and is surveyed by point. It is typically accepted that points are positioned in three dimensions which facilitates ground modelling and visualisations to be produced from the topographical survey Measurements for topographic surveys are done either with a surveying-quality GPS unit, or with an electronic EDM instrument.

A total station (TS) or total station theodolite (TST) is an electronic/optical instrument used for surveying and building construction. It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance measurement (EDM) to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an on-board computer to collect data and perform triangulation calculations.

In YEROOR the highest point of our site is 9 metres above the adjacent road. The entrance is at road level. And the rear side is 5 metres above the road. Existing structure plinth level has been marked. The flora and fauna of the site is also marked. The level of the public drain at the entrance is also marked. The TBM is marked at a level of 99.3 the road has a width of 16m. The Septic tank, Rainwater harvesting tank, Well, Incineration unit is marked

4.4 Facility Survey

Pookutty Foundation

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Yeroor Grama Panchayath

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Project

4.5 Geotechnical Investigations

Soil investigation is performed at the Yeroor Main centre site to know the soil bearing capacity and arrive at the foundation requirement for the proposed G+1 building. The test was performed by an approved geotechnical engineer and the detailed report is generated, the same is attached in the Annexure for reference.

The test is conducted using a rotary power drilling machine. One bore hole is taken to a depth of 10m. SPT is conducted in regular intervals in bore hole. Soil is been lab tested and is observed that ordinary gravel is found up to 0.4m from the ground level. Loose lateritic clayey sand with pebbles are found up to 3m , then loose lateritic clayey silty sand was found up to 6m followed by dense weathered sand up to 9.8m. It is recommended to have an isolated foundation within 1.5m and 2m depth.

4.6 Pollution Test

Air quality test is performed using air sampling instruments of Envirotech Instruments. Sample is been tested to check Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter less than 10 microns, particulate matter less than 2.5 microns and carbon monoxide levels. It is observed that all the parameters are well within the limits.

4.7 Water Quality Test

Water test is been performed with the objective of knowing the quality of water and making sure it is usable and is not harmful to human health. Water from the well at Yeroor Main centre is collected and tested for the parameters including PH, odour, colour, Turbidity,TDS, hardness, presence of chlorides, sulphates, iron, calcium ,magnesium and calcium carbonates. The concentration levels of all the above parameters items are within the range. Test is also made for finding any Ecoli / Coliform bacteria and the result is found to be absent and hence the water is safe for use.

4.8 Noise Test

Ambient Noise level is measured at the site using the sound level meter. Sound level is measured to be 50.1 dB (A) during the day time at 1m away from the main gate. This level is almost equivalent to the silent zone sound level.

Resul Pookutty Foundation

5. Project Design & Project Components

FUNCTIONAL DESIGN

According to IPHS the Sub-Centres is categorized into types - Type A and Type B. Categorization has taken into consideration various factors namely catchment area, health seeking behaviour, case load, location of other facilities like PHC/CHC/FRU/Hospitals in the vicinity of the Sub-centre. Here the Sub-Centre is Type A category it caters all recommended services. A typical layout plan for type A Subcentre with ANM residence having area of 85 square metres. The minimum covered area of a Sub-centre along with residential quarter for ANM will vary depending on land availability, type of Sub-centre and resources.

In view with the IPHS standards we have created a design with exploration of different aspects of the changing society and with additional services. The services offered in the Sub-Centre according to IPHS are:- Maternal Health, Child Health, Family Planning and Contraception, Safe Abortion Services (MTP), Curative Services, Adolescent Health Care, School Health Services, Control of Local Endemic Diseases, Disease Surveillance, Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), Water and Sanitation, Outreach/Field Services, Communicable Disease Programme, Non-communicable Disease (NCD) Programmes, Promotion of Medicinal Herbs, Record of Vital Events. With respect to these services some additional modern utility services of E-health are proposed with space for pharmacy to promote Govt. owned pharmacies and Yoga to envisage the Ayushman Bharat program of Fit India.

The design for the peripheral contact is pivotal for the development of the health care system in our country. The physical and functional aspects of Sub-centre provide the design to be strong in modular and contemporary approach.

Modular Design: A design approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts called modules or skids that can be independently created and then used in different systems. The benefits are flexibility in design and reduction in costs. Examples of modular systems are modular buildings, solar panels, wind turbines and so on. Modular design combines the advantages of standardization with those of customization.

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

Modularity means using the same module in multiple configurations enabling a large variety of designs without using many component types. This modularity brings several advantages such as reduced capital requirements and economies. Modularity is especially advantageous when the scale and scope of the project are relatively large. In such cases, it is a practical and economic option. Through modularity, you can achieve various designs, while achieving lowcost for development, as well as, cost saving in design and construction.

The new subcenter is envisaged to deliver expanded range of services that go beyond Maternal and child health care services to include care for non -communicable diseases and first level care for emergencies and trauma, including free essential drugs and diagnostic services.

Our moto is to create a quality experience in terms of service and infrastructure. The new building is proposed to have dedicated rooms for JPHN, JHI, ASHA WORKER, DOCTOR / DIETICIAN. This can very well protect the patient privacy and ensure the quality care is given to the patients.

The proposed Subcenter shall be equipped with high-speed internet and it is connected to the PHC. The dedicated room for E Health is planned which can be used for preventive screening for all the populations using innovative IOT devices. Electronic Health Records will enable the remote decision making based on clinical data collected. The Yoga Room is proposed for focusing on active preventive and promotive care with emphasis on wellness. This building also incorporates a two-bedroom accommodation for one staff. This with integrated services in the same layout for increasing the Quality for the User.

These services are made into MODULES and can be arranged in different orientation according to the site constraints. This helps in standardising the format for the Sub-Centre.

There are three modules in the ground floor and three in the first floor. These three modules can be arranged in different simulations to provide a better result while in different site conditions. This will help not to change the arrangement of the rooms in a particular module and will help to avail similar services in different simulations without changing the user

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

experience. The Modular Design approach gives way to modular constructions and help in a sustainable development. These can be prefabricated and erected at site or pre-engineered and assembled at site. This will help reduce the use of natural resources. The construction process can be divided into phases for better efficiency of time and cost.

MODULE-1

This module consists of JPHN Room with Antenatal Clinic, Feeding Room and Public toiletFemale in the Ground Floor. Yoga Room, Conference Room and Staff toilet Male & Female in the First Floor

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Yeroor Grama Panchayath

MODULE 2

This module consists of Reception, Electrical Room, Janitors Store, Waiting Area for Antenatal Clinic, Asha worker Room, Caregiving Room with attached toilet in the Ground Floor. Dining Room, JHI Room, IT Room in the First Floor

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

Resul Pookutty Foundation

MODULE 3

This module consists of Pharmacy, Injection / Immunization room, E – Health room, Doctors / Dietician Room with attached toilet, disabled toilet, public toilet – Male in the Ground Floor. Staff quarters (2BHK) two-bedroom, hall, kitchen & toilet in the First Floor

GROUND FLOOR

Resul Pookutty Foundation

FIRST FLOOR MODULE ORIENTATION – 1

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

MODULE ORIENTATION 2

GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR

MODULE ORIENTATION 3

GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR

Resul Pookutty Foundation

MODULE ORIENTATION 4

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

These modules can be arranged in different orientations according to the site conditions. It can be added into the PHC or can be built as a separate block. The design strategy gives a universal appeal and can be implemented in various topographies.

CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE : CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE is the architecture of the 21st century. The different styles and approaches have in common the use of very advanced technology and modern building materials, such as tube structures which allow construction of buildings that are taller, lighter and stronger than those in the 20th century, and the use of new techniques of computer-aided design, which allow buildings to be designed and modeled on computers in three dimensions, and constructed with more precision and speed.

Classicized ideas thrived on specific design elements. The have flourishes that are predictable and distinguishable while contemporary architecture is more flexible. Contemporary architects thrive on sophisticated and innovative ideas. They deviate from traditions and norms. To achieve this, they need contemporary materials to create these ideas. Contemporary architecture uses a vast range of building materials. These include concrete, glass, wood, and aluminum screens. These materials add contrast and homogeneity.

The Sense of Sustainability

The present is an era where global warming is a real issue. It is now essential to take specific measures to ensure nature is not compromised. For this reason, modern architects design buildings that are energy efficient. This is in part thanks to recycled materials for the construction process. This needs to include the use of solar panels for roofing purposes. Contemporary architecture relies on eco-friendly features. It embraces all types of innovations. These bring new meaning to modern building and construction. Moreover, it uses the latest technology and recyclable materials.

Area Calculation:

The areas are calculated using anthropometric and ergonomic data and the number of people using it. We have also incorporated the building furniture and equipment data while approaching the design.

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Resul Pookutty Foundation

SITE PLAN

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

The existing site plan is updated in the land survey. This is the proposed drawing. We have provided the Main Centre building near the entrance. The patients reaching to the site can avail the services of the Main Centre. This will disintegrate the population entering the site making it easy and viable for the patients. Since this building 5 meters above the Road level, it would be visible from any direction of the road

Resul Pookutty Foundation

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

INTERIOR GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLANS

PERSPECTIVE VIEWS

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

FRONT ELEVATION (EAST)

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

Resul Pookutty Foundation

NORTHEAST VIEW

Detailed Project Report

SOUTHEAST VIEW

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

Resul Pookutty Foundation

NORTHWEST TOP VIEW

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH

• Site is located adjacent to the state high way 56 Anchal-Kulathupuzha

• Walkable distance from the near bus stop

• Vehicle accessibility to the site is good

• Parking facility is available

• Connectivity to the Anchal CHC is good

WEAKNESS

• The altitude of the site 9 meter above the road level

• Access road inside the site is in poor condition

• The buildings are not barrier free

OPPORTUNITIES

• Site is near to the main state highway and easily accessible from all wards

• Due to the slopes the building allocation and orientation can be done according to the service provider

Resul Pookutty Foundation

THREATS

• Since the site is near to the state highway and there is no provision of divider on the road accumulation of traffic problem during peak hours

5.2 Value Engineering

Concrete Structure

Concrete is the second most used material for construction after water in the world. Concrete structure can take compressive stresses very effectively but it cannot take tensile stresses. The reinforcement is given to concrete where the structure is under the tension load. Concrete is widely used in construction industry today because of its durability and compatibility. Concrete can be mould in any shape which make it a very useful.

RCC FRAMED STRUCTURE

Concrete structure can be made with many different ways. Some are given below:

Plain Cement Concrete

Plain cement concrete is a hardened mass obtained from a mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water in definite proportion. The concrete structure made by using the plain cement concrete has good compressive strength but very little tensile strength, thus limiting its use in construction. Plain concrete is used where good compressive strength and weight are the main requirement and the tensile stresses are very low. For e.g.: In roads, concrete blocks for walls, etc.

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

Reinforced cement concrete

Plain cement concrete has very low tensile strength. To improve the tensile strength of concrete some sort of reinforcement is needed which can take up the tensile stresses developed in the structure. The most common type of reinforcement is in the form of steel bars which are quite strong in tension. The reinforced concrete has innumerable uses in construction. For e.g.: in building, flyovers, water tanks, etc.

Prestress concrete

In ordinary reinforced cement concrete, compressive stresses are taken up by concrete and tensile stresses by steel alone. The concrete below the neutral axis is ignored since it is weak in tension. Although steel takes up the tensile stresses, the concrete in the tensile zone develops minute cracks. The load carrying capacity of such concrete sections can be increased if steel and concrete both are stressed before the application of external loads. This is the concept of prestress concrete. The prestressed concrete is used in the structures where tension develops or the structure is subjected to vibrations, impact and shock like girders, bridges, railway sleepers, electric poles, gravity dam, etc.

Advantages of concrete structure

• Ingredients used in concrete such as, cement, aggregates and water are readily available and cheap.

• Concrete assumes the shape of its mould and it can be poured and cast into any shape.

• Concrete when used along with reinforcement, is capable of taking bending and tension forces.

• The compressive strength of concrete is very high making it reliable to be used for

• Structures and components under compressive loads.

• The breakthrough in prestressed concrete applications enables reduced section sizes and reduction in self-weight.

• Due to massive nature, high unit weight and water tightness, concrete can be used for water retaining structures like Dams

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

Disadvantages of concrete structure

• Due to drying shrinkage and moisture expansion concrete may crack

• Therefore construction joints are provided to avoid these types of cracks

• Concrete is weak in tension.

• High Self weight of concrete is not always favourable for seismic prone structures.

• Sustained loads develop creep in structures.

• If salts are present in the concrete then it will result in the efflorescence in concrete structure

Steel structure

• The material steel, is an alloy of iron and carbon percentage (small percentage) and other elements e.g., silicon, phosphorous and sulphur in varying percentage. Depending upon the chemical’s composition, the different types of steel are classified as mild steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, low alloy steel and high alloy steel. The mild steel, medium carbon steel and low alloy steel are generally used for steel structures.

Steel Truss Structures

The steel which is used for the manufacture of rolled steel structural, fastenings and other elements for use in structural steel works is called structural steel. Structural steel to be used for building purposes, has been standardized by Indian Standard Institution (I.S.I) I and specification of various qualities are contained in the following standards (as per I.S 800-1984)

IS: 226-1975 Structural steel (standard quality)

IS: 1977-1975 Structural steel (ordinary quality)

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

IS: 2062-1984 Weldable structural steel (Fusion welding)

IS: 961-1975 Structural steel (High tensile)

IS: 960-1977 weldable structural steel (medium and high strength quality)

Standard quality steel (mild steel)steel is the most commonly used steel for general construction purposes of buildings, railway bridges, transmission line towers, industrial structures etc.

Advantage of steel structure

Lightness: The steel structures are very light in comparison to other structures such as concrete structures

High strength and stiffness per weight: The steel is very stiff and they possess a high strength to weight ratio.

Ease of fabrication and mass production: It is easy to fabricate a steel structure so it is generally used for mass construction.

The steel members can be easily replaced, assembled and disassembled.

Fast and easy erection and installation: The steel structures can be erected very easily and faster than many other structures.

The steel structures can be used soon after their erection

No sudden failure: Steel being a ductile material does not have sudden failure, rather it gives clear indication by deflection before failure.

Formwork unneeded: Unlike concrete structures, the steel structure does not need any kind of formwork

Termite proof and rot proof: Unlike timber the steel doesn’t get corroded by the action of termite and it is pretty much resistance to rusting, If good quality steel is used.

Economy in transportation and handling: Because of being lightweight the steel structures are easy to transport and handling.

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

Disadvantages of steel structure

Susceptibility to corrosion: The steel members are prone to corrosion; therefore, they require some frequent treatment like painting and other methods for their protection.

High initial cost: The initial cost of steel structure is high.

Skilled labour: The steel structure requires skilled labour for their construction.

Point of difference

Concrete structure

Steel structure

Durability

Earthquake resistance

The concrete structure is more durable

The durability of steel structure is adversely affected by weather condition and rusting

The concrete structure is brittle so they are less earthquake resistance.

Steel Structure can withstand earthquake more effectively than concrete structure

Load carrying capacity

In the comparison to the steel the load carrying capacity of the concrete is low.

The load carrying capacity of steel structure is good

Scrap value

The scrap value of concrete is nil

The scrap value of steel is good

Self-weight

The self-weight of concrete is more

The steel is 60% lighter than the concrete

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Foundation

Detailed Project Report

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

The foundation for the concrete structure should be strong because of the larger weight of concrete

The steel structure can be made with less expensive foundation

Construction time

The concrete structure generally needed 28 days before they are ready to use

The steel structure is fast in their erection and can be used soon after their erection

Labour

It requires less skilled labour

It requires more skilled labour Cost

The cost of construction is less

The cost of construction is more

Joining

The joints such as construction joint, expansion joint, contraction joint, etc are needed in concrete structure

The steel component is joined by using rivets, welding, nuts & bolts, etc. in steel structure

Steel buildings gives the leverage of time and cost other than the RCC buildings. Since we are using modular design and the project category comes under healthcare it would be easy for construction without disturbing the surroundings. It is more effective when different orientation happens across the site this keeps the budget stable as the module sizes are same.

5.3 Engineering Design

ENGINEERING DESIGN:

MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

There are many different ways to define the modular construction but one basic definition of modular construction can be given as follows: “Modular Construction is a preengineered process of making any structures or elements in a factory that is off-site and

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Sub Centre

Detailed Project Report

– Yeroor Grama

Panchayath

are delivered to the sites and assembled as large volumetric components or as substantial elements of any structures.”

It can also be defined as “A modular building is a pre-engineered structure that is flexible enough to satisfy virtually any requirement tougher than standard drywall construction, expandable, can be relocated and completely re-usable.”

With increasing industrialization to the building industry, steadily larger parts of buildings are made up of prefabricated components, delivered to the building site from the factories.

• Modular design, or "modularity in design", is a design approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts called modules or skids that can be independently created and then used in different systems.

WHY CHOOSE MODULAR CONSTRUCTION?

One of the major reason to adopt modular construction is that not only can one save up to 35% on the initial construction costs like labor and materials, but there are other benefits as well. Another major reason is about the quality as one can attain a suitable quality in the elements of any structures that are to be pre-fabricated or pre-cast in the construction factory. Modular construction takes most of the construction phase away from the building site. Quicker and efficient factory processes are replacing the slow, less productive site activities.

Sustainability in modular construction can be achieved through the factory production of the modular units for a modular construction project to complete with a good result, proper planning, coordination and communication must exist between various relevant parties involved from the early stage of the project.

The construction process can be divided into phases for better efficiency of time and cost.

PHASE 0

General material assembly

PHASE 1

Floor framing & decking

Int. /Ext. wall framing

‘Box’ mounted to chassis

Resul Pookutty Foundation

PHASE 2

Roof framing/mounting

Ceiling attached to ‘box’

Interior partition installation rough plumbing

PHASE 3

Sheetrock (walls)

Rough electrical (walls)

PHASE 4

Sheetrock (ceiling)

Batt/spray foam insulation

Rough electrical

PHASE 5

Exterior plywood sheathing

Rough opening cleanup

General interior cleanup

PHASE 6

Exterior plastic sheathing

Interior finish work (paint, trim)

PHASE 7

Finish plumbing

Finish electrical

Install flooring

PHASE 8

Install windows

Install siding

Weatherproof

Resul Pookutty Foundation

Sub Centre – Yeroor Grama Panchayath

DRAWINGS FOR THE ENGINEERING MODEL STUDY

Yeroor Grama Panchayath

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Resul Pookutty Foundation

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

EAST ELEVATION (FRONT)

Resul Pookutty Foundation

NORTH ELEVATION (RIGHT)

SOUTH ELEVATION (LEFT)

WEST ELEVATION (REAR)

SECTION THROUGH THE STAIRS

Yeroor Grama Panchayath

Resul Pookutty Foundation