Scouting in the Baltic Countries. A History in Philately by Darius Liutikas

Darius Liutikas

Scouting in the Baltic Countries A History in Philately

Darius Liutikas

Scouting in the Baltic Countries A History in Philately

VILNIUS 2018

The book is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement

Bibliographic information of the book is provided in the National Bibliographic Data Bank of the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania.

ISBN 978-609-95111-4-6

Darius Liutikas

Scouting in the Baltic Countries A History in Philately

Content Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

I. History of World Scouting

Founder of Scouting, Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Development of World Scouting and Guiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Scout Movement in Philately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

II. Scouting in Estonia

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Estonian Scouts in Exile. Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Estonian Scouts in Exile. Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 The Centenary of Estonian Scouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

III. Scouting in Latvia

197

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Centenary of Latvian Scouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IV. Scouting in Lithuania

269

Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949 . . . . . . . . . . . Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

V. Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

198 208 218 234 262

270 282 292 304 318 350 378

388

World Scout Jamborees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Estonian Scouts and Guides Main Jamborees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Latvian Scouts and Guides Main Jamborees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Lithuanian Scouts and Guides Main Jamborees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Foreword The beginning of the history of the Scout Movement in the Baltic countries is in 1912, when the first Scout troops were formed in Estonia. The first Scout troops were formed in Latvia in 1917, and in Lithuania in 1918. The history of Scouting of the Baltic countries has very similar details and intertwines with the overall history of the Baltic States. The founder of world Scouting, Robert Baden Powell, visited the Baltic countries during his trip on the ship Calgaric in 1933. Organizations of the Scout Movement were particularly active before World War II in their respective countries, followed by activities in refugee camps during and after World War II. Scouting was forbidden in the Baltic countries during the fifty years of the Soviet Occupation. Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian Scouts developed their activities in exile. The Scout Movement in the Baltic countries was re-established after the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1980s. Many Scouts and collectors collect post stamps on the Scouting theme. Usually, these stamps are well designed and could be recognized by the Scout symbol – a stylised lily or fleur-de-lis. The main events of the history of Scouting in the Baltic countries are depicted in philatelic items. The history of Scouting in the Baltic countries is illustrated not only by official post stamps, covers or postcards. A lot of revenue stamps and souvenir covers have been made to commemorate various Scouting events. Philately has a rich history; it involves not only collecting but also the study of postage stamps and other related items. In the past, messengers and couriers handed various news, letters and parcels. Rowland Hill actively participated in English postal reform, which began in 1835. On 1 May 1840, the first postal stamp “Penny Black” became available for distribution. The stamp value was one penny, and it had a profile engraving of the English Queen Victoria. A few days later, the blue two pence stamp was introduced. The idea of issuing postage stamps spread quickly. In 1843, post stamps were published in the Canton of Zurich in Switzerland and in Brazil. In 1847, the first stamps were issued in the United States, and in 1849, in

France and Bavaria. In Tsarist Russia, which ruled the Baltic countries, the first post stamps were issued in 1857. They started to circulate in 1858. The first post stamps in independent Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were published in 1918. Soon after 1840, when Rowland Hill created the first post stamps, philately was born. The first known post stamp collector was Dr. J. E. Gray, a representative of the British Museum. In 1841, he issued a notice in the daily newspaper The Times that he was looking for post stamps. Interest in collecting increased when the number of post stamps multiplied and it became difficult to obtain the first postage stamps of different countries. The first international philatelic exhibition was held in Vienna in 1890. This book presents a thematic collection. The thematic collection is compiled to reflect a specific topic or events (e. g. history of the Scout Movement). The authors chose the collections plan. The collection includes the necessary items to reflect the topic – post stamps, postmarks, cachets, postcards, covers, commemorative cards and labels. The study and collection of postcards is called deltiology or philocarty. Many postcards were sent through the post, but others were obtained as souvenirs, items that you can save, trade or share with your friends and relatives. Various classifications could be applied for Scout themed postcards and postal stationery. Postcards could be sorted into printed (using printing presses or other printing techniques) and real photo postcards (produced on photographic paper). Printed postcards could be classified as animated or based on photos. Other classifications could be related to the publisher of the postcards. The production of postcards is a non-regulated activity. The publisher could be Scout organizations, other local, regional or national organizations, and private persons. In general Scouting topical postcards have historic, aesthetic and overall content significance. The collection presented in this book includes only printed animated or photo based postcards. It doesn’t include photographs or unitary real photo postcards. Too many photos on this topic exist, so it could be the object of another project.

Foreword

More than 1,000 philatelic items from the Baltic countries are presented in this book. The book is divided into five main parts. The history of World Scouting is presented in Part I. In Parts II, III and IV the history of Scouting in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania is presented. In Part V we can find the Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms. At the end of the book the World and National Scout Jamborees are presented in the information tables. This book is intended for readers of all ages, current Scouts and those who are interested in Scouting and youth organizations. This book should be interesting to former Scouts and their family members. They will be reminded of a time when they had youthful smiles and open hearts to the world. This book should also be interesting for philatelists and collectors of Scout memorabilia and employees of postal systems. Collectors also can use this book as a catalogue. A number of illustrations identify different stamps, covers and postcards. All the illustrations in the book are from the author’s personal collection. The collection was

started in preparation for the book Skautai. Dievui, Tėvynei, Artimui! Skautybė pašto ženkluose (Scouts. For God, For Homeland, For Neighbour! Scouting on Post Stamps), which was published at the beginning of 2012. A more active period of the collection of Scouting items of the Baltic countries started from 1 May 2013, when the part of Latvian and Estonian philatelic items were obtained. The main sources of the collection were online auctions and shopping websites (Ebay, Delcampe, Aagallery, etc.) and private collectors met at the collectors’ meetings in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and EuroScout exhibitions. The author especially thanks Pauli Ihamaki (Finland), Nikolaj Aleinikov (Latvia), Vaido Lillemaa (Estonia) and Nomeda Bepirštytė (Lithuania) for their cooperation, exchanged knowledge and philatelic items. The size of post stamps, postcards and other philatelic items presented in this book are close to the original size. This book is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement (1918-2018).

History of World Scouting World Scouting Brand Logo

WORLD SCOUT B IDENTITY GUIDE

The World Scout

The present World Scout Bra was felt appropriate to review use and licensing. This World use of the graphical elements non-commercial licensing arr

WORLD SCOUT EMBLEM IN SUMMARY Non-commercial use

By virtue of their membershi of WOSM, National Scout Organizations, and by extens National Scout Associations, entitled to use the World Sco Emblem for non-commercial purposes as outlined in the g terms for non-commercial us described on page 4.

Partner organizations are sim invited to apply for a noncommercial license whenever need may arise. Commercial use

The reproduction of the Worl Emblem on any item being o for sale is subject to obtainin product specific commercial l for each item.

WORLD SCOUTING

Founder of Scouting, Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941) The founder of the Scout Movement, Lord Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, was a talented and many-sided person. He was born in London on 22 February 1857, and was the eighth of ten children of the Reverend Baden-Powell who was a professor of Geometry at Oxford University. When the boy was three years old, his father died. It was a difficult time for the family. His mother Henrietta Grace Smyth first taught Robert. Later he attended several schools until he finally got a scholarship to attend Charterhouse School. Soon, this school moved from London to Surrey. Young Robert was interested in natural exploration, played piano and violin, and painted. Baden-Powell was able to escape from the teachers and catch small animals for food in a forest surrounding the school. During the holidays, along with his brothers, Baden-Powell was able to take various hikes, yacht and canoe, and constantly develop survival skills in nature. After graduation, Robert failed to enter Oxford University, but he joined the Army Cavalry. In 1876, Baden-Powell joined the 13th Husar Regiment in India. He specialized in exploration, mapping, and soon started to train other soldiers. Under the Baden-Powell training system, small units worked together under the leadership of a single leader. Baden-Powell rewarded his soldiers with badges that resembled the traditional design of the northern pointer of a compass. These badges are very similar to today’s Scout symbol - a lily. Later, Baden-Powell was sent to the Balkans, South Africa, and Malta. He was transferred to the British Secret Service and travelled often. Often, he masqueraded as a collector of butterflies; paintings of their wings depicted plans for military installations. He returned to South Africa before the Second Boer War, and was engaged in various military operations against the Zulus. However, he is most known for the defence of Mafeking when Baden-Powell gained control over the 217 days of siege. Having already received the rank of Major

General, he organized the South African Police. Returning to Britain in 1903, he became a national hero and the Inspector General of Cavalry. The book, Aids to Scouting, which BadenPowell wrote for his soldiers in 1899, began to be used by youth leaders and teachers to develop children’s observation and forest cognition skills. Both recruited novices and young Scouts were trained in discretionary thinking, initiative, and survival in nature according to the information in the book. The courage and cleverness of the young defenders of Mafeking also left a huge impression on Baden-Powell. At a meeting of the Boys’ Brigade, founded by Sir William Smith, Baden-Powell was asked to work on a training program for boys. In the summer of 1907, he organized an experimental camp on Brownsea Island, a small island located on the southern coast of England near Poole harbour. Twenty-two boys from both the higher class and the working class attended this camp. The boys were divided into small groups headed by an elected leader. This camp is considered the beginning of the Scout Movement. In this boys’ education program, Baden-Powell adapted not only his experience but also his interest in various other youth education systems. He read a lot about boys’ education in ancient Sparta and Rome, was interested in African, Australian, American Indian youth education methods, studied the legacy of the ancient Japanese, British and Celtic, and drew attention to the Medieval Knights’ Code of Chivalry. Ernest Thompson Seton, whom he met in 1906, also influenced the Baden-Powell educational system. Seton gave his book The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians to Baden-Powell. Based on the success of Aids to Scouting, Baden-Powell prepared and illustrated a new book. The book Scouting for Boys was published in 1908, and has gained tremendous success. This

book has been published in many countries and translated into more than 35 world languages. This book touches the soul of each child and has helped form specific or simple life goals. In order to implement the book’s ideas, boys organized groups of Scouts. In September 1908, Baden-Powell established an office to respond more easily to many of the inquiries that he received. The Scout Movement quickly spread not only in the British Empire, but also in other countries. In 1908, the Scout Movement from Great Britain spread in Gibraltar, Malta, and later to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Chile was the first non-British Empire country to set up a Scout Organization after Baden-Powell’s visit in 1909. In 1909, London’s Crystal Palace hosted a Scout rally. At this convention, Baden-Powell noticed the first Girl Scouts. Formally, the Girl Guides Movement was founded in 1910 under the auspices of Baden Powell’s sister, Agnes Baden-Powell. In 1910, Baden-Powell accepted the advice of King Edward VII and left the army to promote the Scout Movement. Using his charisma and energy, Baden-Powell dedicated the rest of his life to the Scout Movement. He travelled a lot by spreading and reinforcing the ideas of Scouting, emphasizing the importance of physical and spiritual education, and by encouraging the discovery of humanity and the bright sides of life. The first World Scout Jamboree was held in 1920 in London, exhibition centre Olympia. During the closing of the jamboree, Baden-Powell was acclaimed to be the Chief Scout of the World. In 1929, in the Arrowe Park in Birkenhead, England, BadenPowell was awarded the title of Baron, becoming Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell. Gilwell Park was the international Scout leaders’ training centre. In 1922, there were more than one million Scouts in the world, and around 3.3 million before World War II. During his life, Baden-Powell wrote at least thirty-three books, received honorary doctorate degrees from six universities, twenty-eight foreign orders or medals, and nineteen awards of foreign Scout organizations. In 1938, Baden-Powell moved to Africa because of health problems, where he settled in a cottage in Nyeri, Kenya. A small one-room house, called Paxtu

by Baden-Powell, stood on the grounds owned by his friend Eric Sherbrooke Walker. Until his death, he had the strength to write books and reviews. Baden-Powell died in February 8, 1941, at age 83. He is buried in a simple grave in Nyeri. The words on his tombstone are, “Robert Baden-Powell, Chief Scout of the World” and the birth and death dates, the symbols of Boy and Girl Scouting – lilies and the sign which means, “I have gone home.” Baden-Powell married Olave Soames in 1912. Robert Baden-Powell met his future wife in January 1912, on the Arcadian Ocean Liner when he travelled to New York on a Scouting World Tour. Soames was 23 years old, and Baden-Powell was 55 years old. Despite the difference in age, which was not unusual in those days, the couple was engaged in September of the same year. This message became a media sensation, and they were secretly married on 30 October to avoid publicity. All Scouts in England donated one penny for the gift of a car to Baden-Powell for a wedding present. Olave’s father contributed financially and also bought them a gift – a house in Pax Hill, near Bentley, Hampshire. They lived there from 1918 to 1938 and had three children – Peter, Heather and Betty. In addition, Olave and Robert Baden-Powell raised three nieces after the death of Olave’s sister in 1919. Olave accompanied her husband on various tours and Scout events and helped him prepare letters. She gradually became involved in Scouting activities; in 1918, she became a Chief Guide of the Britain Guides, and in 1930, the World Chief Guide. After the death of her husband in 1941, Lady Olave Baden-Powell continued his activities by promoting Scouting in the world. She travelled often and visited more than a hundred countries around the world. She died in 1977, and is buried in the same tomb next to her husband in Nyeri, Kenya. February 22, which is the birthday of Robert Baden-Powell and his wife Olave, is celebrated as Founders’ Day of Scouting and World Thinking Day. Most of the postage stamps issued with the image Baden-Powell use a portrait of the Scout founder painted by artist David Jagger. This portrait was painted in 1929, during the World Scout Jamboree in August. Of all the portraits, Lord Robert liked it most.

WORLD SCOUTING

Founder of Scouting, Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941)

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Founder of Scouting, Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941)

[1.1.] Maximum card. Lord Robert Baden-Powell. Liechtenstein. 1953.

[1.2.] Maximum card. Lord Robert Baden-Powell. Portugal. 2007.

Bophuthatswana, 1982

Tonga, 1982

Republic of South Africa, 1982 [1.3.] Lord Robert Baden-Powell in military uniform.

Tonga, 1982

Uganda, 1991

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Founder of Scouting, Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941)

Ghana, 1991

[1.4.] Brownsea Island Camp (1907) and “Scouting for Boys” (1908).

Isle of Man, 1982

Tonga, 1982

Falkland Islands, 2007

Malta, 2007

[1.5.] Lord Robert Baden-Powell in visits.

WORLD SCOUTING

Founder of Scouting, Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941)

Wallis and Futuna Islands, 1982

Luxembourg, 1957

ESTONIA

Mali, 1973

Cook Islands, 1969

Isle of Man, 1982

Ajman, 1971

Ajman, 1967

Antigua, 1975

Togo, 1961

Netherlands Antilles, 1957

Mauritania, 1984

Dahomey, 1973

Ajman, 1971 [1.6.] Lord Robert Baden-Powell in post stamps of various countries.

Bolivia, 1982

ESTONIA

Cyprus, 1982

WORLD SCOUTING

Founder of Scouting, Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941)

Grenada, 1968

Sierra Leone, 1982

St. Vincent and the Grenadines, 1998

Nicaragua, 1975

Haiti, 1982

Burundi, 1967

Gambia, 1982

Fujeira, 1970

Lebanon, 1962

Grenadines of St. Vincent, 1982

Jamaica, 1982

Monaco, 1982

[1.7.] Lord Robert Baden-Powell in post stamps of various countries.

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Founder of Scouting, Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941)

Jersey, 1982

Peru, 1995

Dominica, 1985

Fujeira, 1971 [1.8.] Lord Robert Baden-Powell with Lady Olave Baden-Powell in post stamps of various countries.

Kenya, 1982

East Africa, 1973

[1.9.] Paxtu and tomb of Robert Baden-Powell.

WORLD SCOUTING

Founder of Scouting, Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941)

ESTONIA

Maldives, 1987

Isle of Man, 1985

Saint Lucia, 1986

Dominica, 1985

Belize, 1985

British Virgin Islands, 1996

Belize, 1987

[1.10.] Lady Olave Baden-Powell in post stamps.

WORLD SCOUTING

Development of World Scouting and Guiding The Scout Movement developed rapidly. The Boy Scouts of America organization was founded in 1910. Several youth organizations had already been operating here; they successfully became part of the Scout Movement. By 1910, the Scout Movement had already started to operate in different parts of the world – Latin America (Argentina, Mexico), Asia (India, Malaysia, Singapore), Europe (Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, Finland, Norway, Greece, Russia, Netherlands, and Poland, etc.). The Scout Movement created programs for children under the age of 10 years, as well as for Scouts over the age of 18. During the World Wars, Scouts acted as messengers, firewatchers, and carriers of wounded. In developing countries, the Scout Movement was more closely connected with the solutions of local problems: food production and agriculture, training for various jobs, disseminating literacy, and building low-cost houses. Scouting headquarters, permanent camps, and training centres were established in various countries. Scouts started to participate in various mass events and exhibitions as assistants. Girl Guides or Girl Scouts developed their activities in different ways. In some places girls joined Boy Scout organizations and operated together; in other places girls started their Scouting activities independently, but later merged with boys’ organizations. Definitely, separate female oriented Guide or Scout organizations were established. Scouting is a method of development involving different elements. Each of them has an educational significance and complements the other elements, thus forming a unified system. The main elements are the Scout’s promise and observance of the Scout law, learning in practice, the patrol system, the system of symbols, personal development and achievements, the knowledge of nature, and the help of adults. Community activities are an additional element valued especially by Girl Scouts and Guides. The main unit of the Scouts’ organizations is the patrol. It is the smallest organizational unit of

Scout and Guides’ organizations and usually consists of 3-8 Scouts or Guides. The patrol, led by a patrol leader, acts as a united team, where it is necessary share responsibility, organize and implement various activities. A number of patrols form Scout troops. Higher units are Scout groups, consisting of two, three, or four Scout troops. However, these higher units could be called differently in different countries. Scout groups could join higher territorial units. Finally, various executive bodies as boards have the capacity to decide or implement head Scout organizations. The Scout symbol became the lily (fleur-delis). Baden-Powell explained that lilies on maps and compasses point north. So, the Scouts’ symbol indicates the right direction and leads to higher aspirations. It shows the right path to commit to or to help others. The three leaves of lily symbolize the three parts of the Scout promise (oath) – the ministry to God, the Homeland, and other people. In different countries and Scout organizations, the design of the lilies is different. Sometimes a country’s or organization’s symbols are added to the lily (for example, the Cross of Vytis in the lily of the Scout Union of Lithuania). Often, in the strip below the lily leaves, the Scout motto, “Be prepared,” is depicted. In the Estonian language the Scout motto is “Ole Valmis;” in Latvian it is, “Esi Modrs;” in Lithuanian, the motto is “Budėk.” The edges of the strip itself are upright and seem to symbolize the Scout’s good mood and determination to perform his duties with a smile. Girl Guides use the trefoil as a symbol, which is also a lily. Some Lithuanian Girl Scouts organizations use rue as the symbol. The Scout salute and greeting are two of the distinguished attributes of the movement. The three raised middle fingers symbolize the three essential parts of the Scout’s promise, a commitment to serve God, the Homeland, and others. The middle fingers of the right hand are raised to the top. A bent thumb holds the little finger. It symbolizes

the old principle of chivalry – the stronger protects the weaker. At the same time, it is a symbolic link that unites all Scouts. When this Scout sign is displayed by a raised hand, it’s called a salute. The salute itself differs by country or by purpose of use. The salute is used to shake hands with another Scout, reporting, honouring the national flag, expressing respect, singing a national or Scout organization anthem, or during a funeral. The salute is also displayed during the promise ceremony. In the US and in some other countries, Scouts only make the salute when they wear hats. The Scouts say hello or goodbye by shaking each other’s left hand, often at the same time, by also making the right-hand salute. The Scout uniform is one of the distinctive features of the Scout Movement. Although the uniforms currently vary depending on the country or Scout organization, they remain the symbol of unity and fraternity of the Scouts. Uniforms help to hide the differences between origin and social classes, which are often reflected in everyday wear. Baden-Powell also liked to dress in the Scout uniform, including shorts, as he believed that the uniform helped to reduce age differences between adults and children. The founder of Scouts outlined the main parts of the Scout uniform in the book Scouting for Boys. These are Scout shirts, shorts, tie, hat, socks, shoes, and Scout emblems embroidered on the shirt. Baden-Powell also pointed out a stick as the essential Scout attribute that can be used to measure, to produce stretchers, to extinguish fire in a forest, to defend against dogs, to build a bridge or leaf tent, or as a flagstaff. As the model of the uniform, Baden-Powell used the uniform of the South African police officers he led. Scout shirts are usually khaki or sandy, but there are blue, green and other colours. The shirt pockets keep a lot of things that matter to the Scout. Various badges, camp emblems, and specialty emblems are often used on the shirt. These signs indicate how experienced the Scout is and what his duties in the Scout organization are. Today, Scouts often wear long pants and wear shorts only on hot, summer days. A leather belt, worn around the trousers, usually has a special buckle. Instead of hats, today’s Scouts often wear different berets. Scout ties come in a wide variety of colours, depending on the Scout

organization or the Scout experience. The knot or special ring helps to tie the Scout ties. The special ring is usually made of wood, but can also be from metal or bone. Each piece of the uniform is very practical: from a tough Scout shirt, you can make a temporary stretcher, and the tie can be used, if necessary, as a lace, bandage or sun block. The Scout belt and various strings held on the belt or on the neck (e.g. whistle cord) could be also useful in nature. The uniforms are gradually changing, but their main components remain the same. On the other hand, uniforms differ even in the same Scout organization. Different uniforms can signify Girl Scouts and Guides, Senior Scouts, Sea Scouts, Air Scouts, Brownies and Cub Scouts. Scouts or Guides often depicted wearing their uniforms on post stamps, postcards or first day covers. An important element of the public manifestation of the Scout Movement is parades. Along with the formation, parades perform a representative function. The formation is one of the elements of Scouting that unites Scouts and creates a strong brotherly or sisterly relationship with other Scouts. Most often, we notice Scouts on parades on various national, municipal or local holidays and festivals. The Scout Movement aims at fostering the physical, intellectual, social, emotional, and spiritual development of young people so they can play a significant role in society as responsible citizens and members of the local, national, or international community. Scouting activities are inconceivable without camps and camping in nature. The camp is an educational and training activity, the best school for self-sufficiency. The camp builds a love for nature and a Scout’s spiritual, social, and physical skills. It is a school of life, from which memories last forever. The main camping activities are day or night hikes, songs and chants, guitar music and dances, cooking and common meals, games and sports, swimming and kayaking, preparation of fire and campfires, life in a tent, and Scout craft, rope work and art, first aid and serving others, and helping the local community and animals. It is recommended that every Scout participate in at least one camp per year. The camp strengthens Scout values, develops a sense of duty, self-control and obedience, creativity, and ingenuity. Nature is the second home of the Scout.

WORLD SCOUTING

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

WORLD SCOUTING

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

Scouts observe nature and try to get to know the world of living nature – plants, animals, birds, and insects. Scouts also observe physical nature: landscape, stones, sky and stars. The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) was established in 1922. WOSM had 169 members – National Scout Organizations – at the end of 2017. Only one National Scout organization per country can join WOSM. At the end of

Haiti, 1966

Portugal, 2007

2017, 150 Guiding and Scouting organizations had joined the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS). This organization was established in 1928. The first World Scout Jamboree was held in 1920 in London. In total, 23 World Scout Jamborees were organized in the period of 1920-2018. A World Scout Jamboree has usually been organized every four years in different world locations.

Bulgaria, 1999

Isle of Man, 1982

[1.11.] Scouting symbols and values in different post stamps.

Liechtenstein, 1981

Maldives, 1963

Mauritius, 1982

Island, 2007

Libia, 1962

Guatemala, 1966

Bolivia, 1970

Portugal, 2007

Canal Zone, 1960

Ghana, 1991

Egypt, 1968

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

Tunis, 1973

Kuwait, 1966

St. Vincent, 1964

Honduras, 1996

Dominica, 1998

Anguilla, 1968

[1.12.] Scouts’ symbol – Fleur-de-lis (lily) in post stamps.

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

Dominica, 1982

Gilbert Islands, 1977

Nicaragua, 1975

Kiribati, 1982

Cayman Islands, 1982

Samoa, 1973

Belize, 1987

Cayman Islands, 2007

Qatar, 1965 [1.13.] Scouts’ and Guides’ patrols.

Montserrat, 1979

India, 1970

Liberia, 1965

ESTONIA

Andora, 2007

WORLD SCOUTING

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

Liberia, 1979

Guyana, 1995

Mauritius, 1982

Japan, 1972

Fujeira, 1971

Ras al Khaima, 1971

Zimbabwe, 1987 [1.14.] Scouts’ and Guides’ salute.

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

Dominica, 1971

Gibraltar, 2007

Ajman, 1971

Manama, 1971 [1.15.] Scouts’ uniforms.

Guernsey, 2007

Ireland, 2002

Bhutan, 1985

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

Maldives, 1995

Guyana, 1974

Malta, 1993

New Zealand, 1953

Fiji, 1974

Nicaragua, 1975

Zaire, 1982 [1.16.] Scouts’ and Guides’ camps.

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

Tuvalu, 1982

Gambia, 1987

Barbados, 1987

Bulgaria, 2007

Yemen, 1964 [1.17.] Scouts’ and Guides’ camps.

Botswana, 1969

Dubai, 1971

Guyana, 1995

Central Africa, 1985

Belize, 1982

Aitutaki, 1983

Grenadines of Grenada, 1977

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

Bulgaria, 2007

Yemen Arab Republic, 1980

Central Africa, 1988

Mali, 1995 [1.18.] Hikes and nature observation.

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

Niger, 1982

St. Vincent, 1989

Ivory Coast, 1982.

Guyana, 1995

[1.19.] Trips in the sea and rivers.

ESTONIA

[1.20.] Post stamps dedicated to the 4th World Scout Jamboree. Hungary, 1933.

WORLD SCOUTING

Development of World Scouting and Guiding

[1.21.] Post stamp dedicated to the 6th World Scout Jamboree. France, 1947.

[1.22.] Post stamp dedicated to the 7th World Scout Jamboree. Austria, 1951.

[1.23.] Post stamp dedicated to the 12th World Scout Jamboree in USA. Algeria, 1967.

[1.24.] Excerpt from Baden-Powell’s speech at the 3rd World Scout Jamboree in England, 1929. Tristan da Cunha, 1982.

[1.25.] Post stamp dedicated to the 16th World Scout Jamboree in Australia. Tuvalu, 1987.

[1.26] Post stamp dedicated to the 21st World Scout Jamboree. Union Islands, Grenadines of St. Vincent, 2007.

WORLD SCOUTING 30

The Scout Movement in Philately One hundred years ago, it was still possible to compile a collection of post stamps, covers, and postcards issued by all the countries of the world. For example, there were over 15,000 post stamps in the world in 1900. Today, the majority of collectors collect stamps in chronological order or by topic (theme). The chronological collection is a collection of all stamps and blocks issued by a particular country (for example, Lithuanian, Latvian, or Estonian stamps). The chronological collection of the Baltic countries is separated into two periods: 1) Postage stamps of the Interwar Period (1918-1940); 2) Postage stamps after the restoration of the independence of the Baltic countries (after 1990). Part of the postage stamps issued in the Soviet Union was also related to the Baltic countries on various topics. There are other specialized collections where postmarks are collected on the basis of printing methods, watermarks, or perforations. Other collectors are interested only in certain philatelic products, such as covers, postcards, first day postmarks, souvenir and miniature sheets, special postmarks, airmail marks, revenues stamps, or forgeries and other items. A thematic collection can be made according to individual wishes. The most popular themes of thematic collections are sports (football, basketball, chess, or Winter and Summer Olympics), wildlife, fauna and flora (birds, insects, cats, dogs, fishes, butterflies, flowers, mushrooms, or protected and endangered animals), art and music (reproductions of paintings, or musical instruments), transportation (aviation, fleet, railways, or cars), architectural works (lighthouses, churches, or bridges), famous people (politicians, artists, writers, athletes, or popes), or history (significant battles, World War I and II, first flight to space, or postal history). Popular topics include Scouting, postage stamps in other postage stamps, and Christmas stamps. The first post stamps on the Scout topic were related with the activity of Lord Baden-Powell. In 1899, Baden-Powell was sent to South Africa during the second Boer War. Baden-Powell anchored in a small town named Mafeking. Numerous enemy

forces besieged the town, and there was a shortage of adult English men. In 1900, Baden-Powell formed a corps of young cadets from 11-17 year olds. Uniformed young men warned the citizens about the enemy’s intentions and worked as messengers. Children were taught discipline and other things related to warfare. They had to pass commands and messages and deliver mail in the urban area of the town and into more remote outposts. Donkeys helped at the beginning of the siege, but when the siege intensified, the animals were used for food. Then the young messengers travelled by bicycles. During the 217-day siege, the military forces of Colonel Baden-Powell controlled the civil post service. They ordered new inscriptions to be overprinted on existing stamps (Mafeking Besieged) and a new price. When the stocks of these stamps were depleted, new stamps were released at the beginning of April in 1900 (they were called Mafeking Blue because of their colour). One of them, ordered by Baden-Powell, depicted his messenger boy, Cadet Warner Goodyear sitting on the bike. The other two pictured Baden-Powell himself. At that time he had no idea that, at the end of the war, these local postage stamps will be recognized as real stamps. Many people consider Sergeant Major Goodyear as the first Boy Scout, although the Scout Movement was established in 1907. The two stamps containing the portrait of Baden-Powell differ only in size; their design and the nominal value are the same. Several countries issued special post stamps to commemorate these Mafeking stamps. They depict the stamps issued in 1900 with the portraits of Baden-Powell or Cadet Goodyear. These stamps are also important to collectors who collect the thematic collection “Stamps on stamps.” The Mafeking siege ended successfully for the English. Reinforcements arrived, and the siege was ended on 17 May 1900. Britain celebrated, and Colonel Baden-Powell and his comrades became national heroes of England. After the founding of the Scout Movement, the first Scout stamps were issued in Czechoslovakia

in 1918. The history of these stamps is also related with the postal services provided by the Scouts. In the first days of the Republic of Czechoslovakia, the Scout postal service was created in Prague, which operated from 7-25 November 1918. This idea was suggested by Scout and member of the government Mr Rossler Orovsky. He also contributed to creating and issuing the appropriate stamps and postmarks. Therefore, Sea Scouts delivered all official post correspondence sent from and to the members of the National Committee, police and other governmental institutions, as well as individuals from 7 till 25 November. Based on a verbal agreement, the work of the postmen Scouts started on 28 October. On 7 November, their activity was formally legitimate. Post correspondence was delivered quickly and safely. Scouts delivered post on foot or using bicycles. Sixty-six Boy Scouts and three Girl Scouts worked on this mission. The idea of issuing Scout stamps was born in September 1918. On 20 October, the stamp design was approved, and 30,000 pieces of blue 10 heller value stamps and 50,000 pieces of red 20 heller value stamps were printed. Later in the same year on 21 December, a special overprint was made on both the red and blue stamps in the amount of 600 pieces – “Prijezd prezidenta Masaryka“ (Arrival of President Masaryk). This was dedicated to the return of President T. G. Masaryk to Prague. There are a number of colour variations and colour shades of the issued stamps. Letters and post cards had been collected in several locations in Prague. The Scouts postmark and cachet were placed on received mail. There were two types of circular postmarks. The first had the inscription “POSTA SKAUTU Praha 1918” and a hand written date; the second had the inscription “N.V.” Also, the elliptical postmark “NARODNI VYBOR ČEKOSLOVENSKY V PRAZE” (“National Council in Prague. Czechoslovakia”)

was used. A cachet with the text “Dopis od skauta_____ prevzal___” (“Delivered by Scout _______ received_______”) was also used. In delivering the mail to an addressee, the Scout had to sign on the envelope himself and to get the signature of addressee. The cover had to be returned to the original location as proof of delivery. After receiving the letter, the addressee could also sign in the book of mail receipt. A lot of fabrications and forgeries of these stamps and covers exist. The Scout Movement founded by Baden-Powell in 1907 quickly spread to various countries. In more than a hundred years, almost all countries in the world have issued post stamps related to Scout activities or jubilee dates of the Movement. Over 5,700 post stamps have been issued relating to Scouting and its history in the world. And these are only official post stamps. And if we bear in mind non-official stamps (revenue or Cinderella stamps), then collections will be supplemented much more. Scouting has become a popular topic of thematic collections. Collectors of the Scouting topic came together in specific organizations such as Scouts on Stamps Society International (USA), Scouts and Guides Stamp Club (Great Britain), and Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pfadfinder E.V. (Germany). The International Federation of Scout and Guide Stamp Collecting Organizations (IFSCO) provides a classification of Boy and Girl Scout post stamps and postal stationery. Five classes (A, B, C. D, E) distinguished. Authorized authorities or private initiatives can also produce first day covers and postmarks. It is typical to use an official first day postmark on private covers. Various private commemorative cachets are used next to official postmarks. As we will notice later, special official souvenir postmarks applied for Scout jamborees were used for a week or more. Scouts exiles from the Baltic countries made large numbers of souvenir covers and commemorative cachets.

WORLD SCOUTING

The Scout Movement in Philately

WORLD SCOUTING

The Scout Movement in Philately

Class A Universal Postal Union (UPU) recognized country World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) recognized country or World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) recognized country Design to be totally Scout/Girl Scout based within the stamp frame to honour Scouting or a Scouting event Only 6 Scout topic post stamps of Class A exist in the Baltic countries. In 2007, for the Scouting Centenary, Estonia and Latvia issued one stamp each, and Lithuania issued two stamps. For the Centenary of National Scout Movements, one post stamp was issued in Estonia (2012) and Lithuania (2018). Class B UPU recognized country WOSM/WAGGGS recognized country Design to include partial Scouting/Girl Scouting element within the stamp frame, relative to the issue Class C not Scout/Girl Scout related stamps with Scout/Girl Scout overprints In 1938, Lithuania issued 4 Class B stamps. Overprinting Scouts and Guides symbols on the National Olympic Games set made these stamps of the Scouting topic. Class C UPU recognized country WOSM/WAGGGS recognized country Principal design not relating to Scouting, but Scouts/Girl Scouts badges or Baden-Powell cameo included within stamp frame or sheet borders Scout/Girl Scout issues with non-Scout/Girl Scout overprint Class D Non-UPU recognized country, i.e. illegal or bogus issue WOSM/WAGGGS recognized or non-recognized country Design Scout/Girl Scout related or Scout/Girl Scout badge or cameo inclusion in non-Scout/Girl – Scout design Some Class D stamps were issued related to the Scouting in the Baltic countries. Class E Non-official/private issues of restricted availability, for instance Personalised “P” stamps valid for national and international use. Usually, very small numbers of these stamps were issued. These stamps are not recognized as official and independent post stamps. Local private posts, Christmas posts Advertising / event labels The majority of stamps related with Scouting in the Baltic countries were issued as the result of private or communal initiatives (Class E). Exiles from the Baltic countries issued revenue stamps trying to commemorate jamborees, anniversaries or other important dates of national Scouting

WORLD SCOUTING

The Scout Movement in Philately

ESTONIA

[1.27.] The first post stamps of Scouting topic. Cape of Good Hope. Mafeking. 1900.

Ghana, 1991

St. Vincent, 1991

Bophuthatswana, 1982

Tonga, 1982

[1.28.] Mafeking stamps on the stamps of other countries.

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

The Scout Movement in Philately

Ghana, 1991

Saint Thomas and Prince Islands, 1982

[1.29.] Mafeking stamps on the souvenir sheets.

WORLD SCOUTING

The Scout Movement in Philately

ESTONIA

[1.30.] The first Scout topic post stamps after the foundation of the Scout Movement. Czechoslovakia. 1918.

[1.31.] Color variations of the first Scout topic post stamps after the foundation of the Scout Movement. Czechoslovakia. 1918.

[1.32.] Circular postmarks of Scout post. Czechoslovakia. 1918.

Maldives, 1992

Grenadines of St. Vincent, 1991

[1.33.] Czechoslovakia Scout topic stamps on the stamps of other countries.

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

The Scout Movement in Philately

[1.34.] Cover delivered by Scouts. Czechoslovakia (1918-11-16).

[1.35.] Cover delivered by Scouts. Czechoslovakia (1918-11-17).

[1.36.] Souvenir cover dedicated to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Scout post in Czechoslovakia. Cover sent to Praha (1968-10-28).

USA, 1948

USA, 1962

Belgium, 1957

USA, 1987

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

The Scout Movement in Philately

Germany, 2007

[1.37.] Class A post stamps

Guernsey, 1985

Pakistan, 1958

[1.38.] Class B post stamps

WORLD SCOUTING

The Scout Movement in Philately

ESTONIA

Haiti, 1962

Central Africa, 1985

[1.39.] Class C post stamps

Mauritania, 2002 [1.40.] Class D stamps

WORLD SCOUTING ESTONIA

The Scout Movement in Philately

USA

Russian D. P. camp stamps printed on a calendar page [1.41.] Class E stamps

WORLD SCOUTING

Scouting in Estonia

Estonian Scout Movement

ESTONIA

1912-1940

The beginning of Scouting in Estonia was in 1912, when the first Scout troop was formed in Pärnu. It had up to 30 boys aged 12-17 years. This troop was a part of the tsarist Russian Scout Movement. In addition to Estonians, this troop included Latvians and Russians. It was the first Scout troop in the contemporary Baltic countries. The Scout troops in Tallinn were established by Anton Õunapuu (1887-1919) in 1916. He was a teacher of physical education and acquainted himself with Scouting during his studies in Finland. He wrote the first article in the Estonian media about Scouting in 1911. In this article he described the entity and principles of Scouting. Õunapuu tried to design Scouting in Estonia to be acceptable to Estonian youth. Anton Õunapuu died in the battle against the Russians for Estonian independence on 2 April 1919. His funeral service in St John’s Church in Tallinn and the 1940 opening of the memorial in Petserimaa on the battlefield where he died united Estonian Scouts. In 1916, a Scout troop was established in Tartu. After the Independence of Estonia, Scouting spread very quickly. A contingent of 10 Estonian Scouts participated in the first World Scout Jamboree in London in 1920. There was a huge demand to create a central Scout organization in Estonia. The first Estonian Scout conference was held 20-21 March 1921 in Tartu. The Estonian Scout Association was founded at this conference. L. Tõnson was elected as chairman. The organizational model was similar to the British model. Nikolai Kann, principal of a secondary school in Tallinn and later Minister of Education of the Estonian Republic (1933-1936), was elected as Estonian Chief Scout in November 1921. The first Guide units were established in 1919 in Tallinn. The first Guide units came into being as part of Scout units. The Estonian Girl Guide Association was established in 1924. The first Estonian Girl Guides Jamboree was held in 1933 in Narva-Jõesuu; the second was in 1936 in Kiidjärvel.

Around 2,500 members were in the Estonian Girl Guide Association in 1940. The first Scout handbook in the Estonian language was published in 1921. In the same year, the Scout journal Ole Valmis was published, different Scouting branches (e.g. Sea Scouts) were formed, and more than 1,700 Estonian Scouts and Guides visited Finland. The Academic Scout Society was formed in Tartu on 8 December 1922. The Constitution of the Estonian Scout Association was approved in November 1923. Four representatives of the Estonian Scouts participated in the second World Scout Jamboree in Copenhagen in 1924. During the third Estonian Scout conference in 1925, leaders decided to organize a national jamboree in Estonia. The first National Jamboree (I Suurlaager) of the Estonian Scout Association was held in PiritaKosel from 6-12 July 1926. About 400 Estonian and up to 100 foreign Scouts participated in the camp events. The camp chief was Scoutmaster Hugo Paalmann. The emblem of the jamboree was a Scout bugler. It appeared on various printings, including the journal Eesti Skout. This journal was published for the first time in 1921 in newspaper format. The second National Jamboree (II Suurlaager) of the Estonian Scout Association was held in Doberan near Pärnu from 15-25 July 1932. More than 700 Scouts participated in the camp, among them about 150 Scouts from Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, Finland, Hungary and France. The camp was situated on the sea coast. A great campfire was held each evening at which the different Scout contingents gave entertainments of song, dances, etc. A series of competitions, interspersed with displays of Scout craft, was given in the Stadium at Pärnu and was attended by a large number of the public. The Estonian Scouts provided a lot of various activities: camps, training courses, and annual conferences for Scout leaders. Estonian Scout leaders

also took part at the Gilwell courses in England and Finland. Around 1936, there were around 6,000 Scouts in Estonia. However, Estonian youth had some competing organizations that used Scouting ideology. In 1920, the Scout organization Noorseppade Maleva (Young Smiths) was created. It involved both boys and girls. The Estonian Civil Defense League formed a new Scout organization Noored Kotkad (Young Eagles) in 1930. This caused some disapproval among the Scout leaders because this organization tried to involve the whole patrols and troops from the Estonian Scout Association. The Young Eagles successfully involved

new members and developed various trainings, publishing and other activities. This organization stressed more nationalistic and patriotic themes. Many members of Young Smiths joined the Young Eagles after legal reforms in 1936. The Estonian Boy Scout Association and the Noored Kotkad organization united into the Estonian Boy Scout Unit in 1938. However, this junction was formal and both organizations operated separately. Estonian girls also had a similar organization – Kodutütred. In 1940, all Scout and Guide organizations were liquidated.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.1.] Anton Õunapuu – founder of Estonian Scout Movement. Postcard.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.2.] Anton Õunapuu (1887-1919) – founder of Estonian Scout Movement. Postcard, Tallinn.

[2.3.] Postcard depicting the Flag of the Scout Battalion, which was very active during the Estonian War of Independence. A Scouts Battalion was organized and financed by Estonian American and Scout Henry Reissar at the end of 1918.

[2.4.] Anton Õunapuu was a member of the Kalewlaste Malewa – Battalion in the Estonian War of Independence (1918-1920). Mark of Kalewlaste Malewa battalion.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.5.] Postcard sent from Denmark to Estonian Scout leader Hugo Paalmann (1924-12-30).

[2.6.] Postcard. A Scout is trusted.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.7.] Cover of the journal Eesti Skout. No. 4/5, 1926. The emblem of the 1st National Jamboree glued on the cover.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.8.] Jamboree book. Tallinn. 1926.

[2.9.] Postcard with the emblem of the 1st National Jamboree in Pirita-Kosel. Tartu. 2001.

[2.10.] Labels from the 2nd National Jamboree held in Doberan near Pärnu. 1932.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.11.] Estonian Girl Guides postcards.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.12.] Estonian Girl Guides postcard.

[2.13.] Postcard issued by Eesti Skout. Scout Promise. 1926.

[2.14.] About Riga and Latvian Scouts. Postcard issued by Eesti Skout.

[2.15.] About Finland and Finnish Scouts. Postcard issued by Eesti Skout.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.16.] Postcard No. 1 of Tallinn Scouts Issue. Robert BadenPowell.

[2.17.] Postcard No. 2 of Tallinn Scouts Issue. Anton Õunapuu.

[2.18.] Postcard No. 3 of Tallinn Scouts Issue. Semaphore signs.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.19.] Postcard No. 4 of Tallinn Scouts Issue. Invitation to join Estonian Scouts.

[2.20.] Postcard No. 5 of Tallinn Scouts Issue. The Scoutmaster is a brother for younger Scouts.

[2.21.] Postcard No. 7 of Tallinn Scouts Issue. A Scout is always cheerful.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.22.] Postcard No. 8 of Tallinn Scouts Issue. Evening at the camp.

[2.23.] Postcard No. 11 of Tallinn Scouts Issue. Wolf Cub Scout.

[2.24.] Postcard No. 12 of Tallinn Scouts Issue. Wolf Cub Scout obeys the words of the Scouts.

[2.25.] Postcard. Tallinn Scouts at the camp Keila-Joal: group of Scouts standing on the bridge they made themselves.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.26.] Postcard. Tallinn Scouts camp Keila-Joal: Morning check-up.

[2.27.] Postcard. Tartu Young Guides and Cub Scouts collecting donations for disabled people.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.28.] Postcard. Tallinn Scout camp.

[2.29.] Postcard. Solemn Guides formation.

[2.30.] Postcard. Walking Scouts.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.31.] Postcard. Raising the flag in the morning.

[2.32.] Postcard. The Founder of the Scout Movement.

[2.33.] Postcard. At the Scouts’ camp.

[2.34.] Postcard. Scouts on a watch.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.35.] Postcard. Food preparation.

[2.36.] Postcard sent from Tartu to Rakvere (1935-11-09).

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

ESTONIA

[2.37.] Postcard. Lunch at the Girl Guides’ camp.

[2.38.] Postcard. Tallinn district flag.

[2.39.] Postcard. Flag.

[2.40.] Souvenir card with the handwriting “Happy Holidays.” A stamp of the Talinn Sea Scouts is on the other side.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.41.] Stamp of Rakvere Scouts and a photo of the Scout group.

[2.42.] Talinn Scouts’ invitation card sent to Scout K. Krabba in Tallinn (1936-11-16).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.43.] Promotional booklet for the Estonian YMCA Scouts’ camp which was held on 28 June-5 July 1931. There were around 150 participants in this camp.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.44.] Postcard of the Estonian Scout organization Noored Kotkad (Young Eagles). [2.45.] Front side of postcard.

[2.46.] Back side of a postcard with the cachet and stamp of the Estonian Scout organization Noored Kotkad (Young Eagles). Postcard sent to Võhma (1935-06-23).

Estonian Scout Movement 1912-1940

[2.48.] Cover with the cachet of Estonian Scout organization Noored Kotkad (Young Eagles). Cover sent to Jõhvi (1938-06-03).

ESTONIA

[2.47.] Card with the Girl Guides’ symbol.

[2.49.] Photo postcard bearing the stamp of the Rakvere Scouts. Sent from one Tallinn district to another (1938-12-24).

[2.50.] Girl Guide postcard sent to Tallinn (1940-03-02).

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree,

ESTONIA

1936

The 3rd National Jamboree of Estonian Scouts was held in Paralepa near Haapsalu on 10-20 July 1936. More than 2,000 Scouts participated in the camp, including 480 Scouts from Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Denmark, Poland and other countries. The camp chief was Scoutmaster Herbert Michelson. The camp was characterized by a good organization and great discipline. Visitors from all parts of Estonia arrived by special trains or by cars to take part in the festivities of the Scouts. Interesting exhibitions of Scout handcraft and art with illustrations of the historical aspect of the Scout Movement was arranged and proved a great attraction. A Scout parade was held in Haapsalu and campfire was held in the ruins of Haapsalu

Castle. Various excursions for foreign delegations were arranged, including visits to Tallinn, Tartu and Narva. Various postcards, camp stamps, envelopes and other souvenir items were issued to commemorate this jamboree. Great interest was also shown for this camp by Estonian society. The camp symbolized a prosperous period of Estonian Scouting. The Estonian Post issued a special postmark for this event. The text in the postmark was “PARALEPA EESTI SKAUTIDE III SUURLAAGER” (III Estonian Scout Jamboree in Paralepa), the date and letter “A.” There was the possibility to send registered letters; a special registration cachet was used for this purpose. The postmark was used for the camp period from 10-20 July 1936.

[2.51.] Booklet of the 3rd National Estonian Scout Jamboree.

ESTONIA

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936

[2.52.] Information for Scout parents and caretakers about the 3rd National Jamboree. April 1936.

ESTONIA

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936

[2.53.] Jamboree stamps (values of 5, 10, 20, 50).

[2.54.] Variations of Jamboree stamps.

[2.55.] Jamboree labels. 1936.

ESTONIA

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936

[2.56.] Various labels with Jamboree symbols.

ESTONIA

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936

[2.57.] Official postmark of the 3rd National Estonian Scout Jamboree.

[2.58.] Photo sent from the 3rd National Estonian Scout Jamboree. Special Jamboree postmark was used (1936-07-20).

[2.59.] Photo sent from the 3rd National Estonian Scout Jamboree to Tallinn. Special Jamboree postmark was used (1936-07-17).

ESTONIA

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936

[2.60.] Postcard sent from 3rd National Estonian Scout Jamboree to Nõmme (1936-07-17).

[2.61.] Letter written on birch bark roll. Jamboree postmark was used (1936-07-19).

ESTONIA

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936

[2.62.] Souvenir cover of the 3rd National Scout Jamboree with special cachet. Cover sent to Tallinn (1936-05-08).

[2.63.] Souvenir cover sent the 3rd National Estonian Scout Jamboree to Nõmme (1936-07-17).

ESTONIA

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936

[2.64.] Postcard of the Estonian 3rd National Scout Jamboree. Tartu. 1936.

[2.65.] 3rd National Scout Jamboree guide. HaapsaluParalepa. 1936.

[2.66.] Maximum card of the 3rd National Estonian Scout Jamboree. 1936.

ESTONIA

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936

[2.67.] Different official envelops of the 3rd National Estonian Scout Jamboree.

[2.68.] Envelope of the 3rd National Estonian Scout Jamboree.

[2.69.] Registration cachet for registered covers of the 3rd National Jamboree.

ESTONIA

The 3rd National Scouts Jamboree, 1936

[2.70.] Various tickets of the 3rd National Jamboree.

[2.71.] Letterform of Tallinn Scouts with the symbols of the 3rd National Jamboree.

Estonian Scouts in Exile.

ESTONIA

Germany

The Soviet occupation and World War II scattered Estonians in different Western countries. Germany was the first stop for the majority of exiles from the Baltic countries. It was divided into four occupation zones. The British zone was in the northwest part of Germany; the Soviet zone was in northeast; the French were located in the southwest, and the American zone was in the southeast part of Germany. Estonian Scouts exiles were active in the Displaced Persons (D. P.) camps in the British and American zones. Almost all Estonian children were organized into Scout and Guide troops. The first Estonian Scout troops were formed in May 1945. The Central Bureau was formed in August 1946. It was responsible for all Estonian Scout activity in Germany. It had the majority of former leaders of the Estonian Scout Association, including Estonian Chief Scout Nikolai Kann. Nearly 1,500 Scouts were organized into 52 groups participating in Estonian Scout activities in 1947. Thirty-six Estonian Scouts from Displaced Person Camps participated in the World Scout Jamboree at Moisson in 1947. Estonian Scout literature was published and various trainings were organized. Wood-Badge courses were organized for Estonian Scout leaders. One of the organizers was Herbert Michelson, Chief Scout and Head of the Central Bureau of Estonian Scouts in Germany. Estonian Girl Guides also organized their activities in D. P. camps. The Estonian Boy Scout Association in Exile was established in 1949 in London. The modified statute of this organization allowed membership from various countries where Estonians lived. A similar organization was founded for Estonian Girl Guides in exile. Estonian Scouts participated at the Jubilee World Scout Jamboree at Sutton Park, England, in 1957, where they were able to fly their own flag in the camp allotted to the Federation of Scouts in Exile. Estonian D. P. Scouts issued two stamps and a souvenir block to commemorate the 35th

anniversary of the Estonian Boy Scouts in 1948. These stamps were issued in October 1948. The stamps were printed in sheets of eight stamps on white, gummed paper. They were perforated. The stamps were designed by E. Koch. One stamp shows a campfire; another shows a map of Estonia. These stamps were used for camp post and also applied on different covers as revenue stamps. The majority of Estonians left D. P. camps by 1950 and departed for Australia, Canada, USA and other countries. Some Estonian Scouts and Guides stayed in Germany. There were about 300 active Estonians Scouts and their leaders in Germany in 1950. The fourth Estonian Scouts and Guides World Jamboree was organized in Kirn, Germany in 1970. About 700 Estonian Girl Guides and Boy Scouts in exile participated in the jamboree named “Ühendaja“ (Connector). The jamboree was held from 23 July-3 August 1970. The Golden Jubilee anniversary of Estonian Girl Guides was also celebrated during this camp. For this occasion the German post used a special souvenir postmark. A special souvenir postmark was used during the jamboree period. Various souvenir cards, covers, postcards, cachets and other items were issued. A commemorative block of 3000 copies was also issued.

[2.72.] A sketch for the label of the Baltic Scout Camp in AltGarge, near Oldenburg. Camp was held on 11-15 June, 1946.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Germany

[2.73.] Estonian D. P. Scout stamps issued to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the Estonian Boy Scouts. Stamp designer E. Koch. October, 1948.

[2.74.] Souvenir block issued to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the Estonian Boy Scouts. 2075 copies were printed. October, 1948.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Germany

[2.75.] Sheet of eight Estonian D. P. Scout stamps. 1948.

[2.76.] Cover sent to Canada from the U. S. zone in Germany. Estonian D. P. Scout stamps used on the cover (1948-12-19).

[2.77.] Postcard made to commemorate the Estonian Girl Guide and Scout camp “Vanemuine” held on 4-13 August, 1967.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Germany

[2.78.] Postcard made to commemorate the Estonian Girl Guide and Scout camp “Igatsus.” 1969.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Germany

[2.79.] Souvenir sheet dedicated to the 4th Estonian Scouts’ and Guides’ World Jamboree “Ühendaja” and Golden anniversary of the Estonian Girl Guides. Camp Chief was Ülo Semmel. 1970.

[2.80.] Souvenir sheet marked by postmark dedicated to the Golden anniversary of the Estonian Girl Guides. Souvenir block designer was Henry O. Foog. 1970.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Germany

[2.81.] Souvenir cover of the 4th Estonian Scout and Guide World Jamboree “Ühendaja” with special postmark issued by German Post. 1970.

[2.82.] Souvenir cover with special cachet and postmark dedicated to the Golden anniversary of the Estonian Girl Guides. 1970.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Germany

[2.83.] Souvenir postcard sent to Sweden from the 4th Estonian Scout and Guide World Jamboree “Ühendaja” (1970-07-28).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Germany

[2.84.] Souvenir card dedicated to the 4th Estonian Scout and Guide World Jamboree “Ühendaja” and Golden anniversary of the Estonian Girl Guides. 1970.

[2.85.] Letterform on postcard of the Estonian Boy Scouts’ central bureau in exile.

Estonian Scouts in Exile.

ESTONIA

USA

The first Estonian Scout troop in the USA was founded in 1949 in Seabrook, New Jersey. The Estonian Boy Scouts Centre in the USA was formed. During the same year, Estonian Girl Guides troops were formed. The Scout group “Viking” was founded in New York in 1951. About 350 Estonian Scouts participated in Estonian Scout activities in the USA in 1952. There were 13 Estonian Boy Scout units. Estonian Scouts in the USA organized Scout camps and training camps for leaders. Many camps had been organized in the permanent camp area at Lakewood, NJ. Järvemetsa campground was purchased in 1956, by the Federation of Associations for the Advancement of Estonian Youth, which helped to conduct Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides camps. Some camps were dedicated to the Estonian Scouts anniversaries operating in the USA. The Scout group “Viking” was active in publishing commemorative stamps and covers. Various revenue stamps, postcards and souvenir blocks were published to commemorate the 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 35th, and 40th anniversaries of this Scout group. A cachet of this Scout group was used on covers or postcards. In some cases a data overprint was used on souvenir blocks and revenue stamps. The Estonian Scouting World Jamboree “Koguja” (Lakewood, NJ) was held on 21-30 July

[2.86.] Revenue stamp made to commemorate Scout camp “Muistne Eesti” (Ancient Estonia). Designer Elmar Saarniit. Edition 2000 copies. 1955.

1967. More than 800 Scouts participated from the USA, Canada, Sweden and Germany. Special revenue stamps, souvenir blocks, covers and postcards were published. A special souvenir cachet was used. The Estonian Scout camp “Valgeranna” (“White Beach”) was held on 4-12 August 1973 in Lakewood, NJ. Revenue stamps were dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Nikolai Kann’s birth (18731948). He was the Estonian Chief Scout from 1921 to 1948. About 750 Estonian Scouts and Guides from the USA (about 450 participants), Canada, Sweden and Germany participated in the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II” in Lakewood, NJ. The jamboree was held from 7-16 of July 1978. Special souvenir covers, revenue stamps (including overprints of revenue stamps issued in 1967) and souvenir sheets were used to commemorate this camp. The US Post Office in Lakewood used a special postmark for this event. Estonian Scouts in exile continued their activities after the restoration of independence in Estonia. The jubilee jamboree “Lake Forest” was held in Lakewood, N J. on 27 June-4 July 1992. An official souvenir cover and souvenir sheet were issued to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Estonian Scouting (1912-1992).

[2.87.] Revenue stamp issued to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Estonian Scouts in the USA. Designer Riho Vahtel. The camp dedicated to this anniversary was held in Lakewood. 1959.

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

ESTONIA

[2.88.] Revenue stamp from the Scout camp “Vaba Eesti” (Independent Estonia). Designer Aado Perandi. 1956.

[2.89.] Block of four revenue stamps made to commemorate Scout camp “Independent Estonia”. 1956.

[2.90.] Postcard issued to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Estonian Scouts in the USA. 1959.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.91.] Maximum card with special revenue stamp and cachet issued to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. Postcard designer Riho Vahtel. 1961.

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

ESTONIA

[2.92.] Revenue stamp issued to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. Stamp and souvenir sheet designed by Erni Kilm, Linold Milles and Harry Tarmo. 1961.

[2.93.] Stamp sheet dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. 1961.

[2.94.] Souvenir sheet issued to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. 1961.

[2.95.] Revenue stamp and souvenir sheet issued for the 10th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York with overprints and hand writing that commemorate the 15th and 20th anniversaries of the Scout group “Viking.”

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

ESTONIA

[2.96.] Revenue stamp issued to commemorate the Estonian Scouting World Camp “Koguja” held in Lakewood, N. J., USA. 30000 perforated and 5000 imperforated stamps were printed. 1967.

[2.97.] Souvenir cover of the Estonian Scouting World Camp “Koguja” with revenue stamp and special cachet. Cover and stamp designer Jaak Leino. 1967.

[2.98.] Souvenir sheet of revenue stamps of the Estonian Scouting World Camp “Koguja”. Designer Jaak Leino. Edition 2600 copies. 1967.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.99.] Souvenir cover of the Estonian Scouting World Camp “Koguja” sent to Australia (1967-12-28).

[2.100.] Cover with cachet of camp “Koguja” sent to Sweden (1967-12-19).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.101.] Postcard dedicated to the “Koguja” Jamboree. 1967.

[2.102.] Card with revenue stamp of the “Koguja” camp sent to Finland (1967-08-01).

[2.103.] Souvenir cover dedicated the 20th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. Designer Jüri Kirsimägi. 1971.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.104.] Souvenir cover dedicated the 20th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York with “Interphil 76” cachet. 1971.

[2.105.] Souvenir cover dedicated the 20th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York sent to Sweden (1971-11-26).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.106.] Two different color revenue stamps dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Nikolai Kann’s birth. 1973.

[2.107.] Souvenir cover with special cachet of the Estonian Scout camp “Valgeranna” (White Beach) held in Lakewood, N. J., USA. Cover and stamp designer Viktor Nigol. 1973.

[2.108.] Souvenir cover with special cachet of the Estonian Scout camp “Valgeranna” sent to Sweden (1973-09-17).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.109.] Souvenir postcard with special cachet of the Estonian Scout camp “Valgeranna.” Various postcards issued in 1973.

[2.110.] Envelope of the Estonian Scout camp “Karulaane.” Designer Valdmar Heitur. This was the first Estonian Boy Scout camp held on the West Coast of the USA. 1973.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.111.] Revenue stamp issued to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. 1976.

[2.112.] Sheet of revenue stamps issued to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. 1976.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.113.] Souvenir covers dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York marked by special postmark of Estonian Philatelic Society in USA. Cover designer Jüri Kirsimägi. 1976.

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

ESTONIA

[2.114.] Overprinted revenue stamps dedicated to the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II” in Lakewood, N. J., USA. 1978.

[2.115.] Overprinted souvenir sheet dedicated to the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II”. 1978.

[2.116.] Souvenir cover with special postmark and revenue stamp dedicated to the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II.” 1978.

[2.117.] Souvenir cover with special postmark and revenue stamp dedicated to the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II” sent to Canada (1978-07-07).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.118.] Souvenir cover with special postmark and revenue stamps dedicated to the Jamboree “Koguja II” sent to Sweden (1978-07-07).

[2.119.] Cover with special postmark dedicated to the Jamboree “Koguja II” sent to Sacramento, CA (1978-07-11).

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

ESTONIA

[2.120.] Souvenir revenue stamp dedicated to the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II” in Lakewood, N. J., USA. Designer Jüri Kirsimägi. 1978.

[2.121.] Sheet of revenue stamps of the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II.” 1978.

[2.122.] Official souvenir sheet of revenue stamps of the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II.” 1978.

[2.123.] Souvenir cover with special cachets and revenue stamps dedicated to commemorate the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II.” Cover sent to Rochester, N. Y. (1978-07-15).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.124.] Souvenir postcard of the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II.” 1978.

[2.125.] Official souvenir sheet of revenue stamps of the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II” marked by special postmark of Estonian Philatelic Society in USA. 1978.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.126.] Souvenir card of the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II” marked by special postmark of Estonian Philatelic Society in USA. 1978.

[2.127.] Cover depicting different post stamps of Estonian Scout camps sent to Lauderhill, Fl. (1980-06-29).

[2.128.] Souvenir cover issued to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. Designer Jüri Kirsimägi. 1981.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.129.] Sheet of revenue stamps issued to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. Designer Jaan Born. 1986.

[2.130.] Souvenir cover dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. Designer Jüri Kirsimägi. 1986.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.131.] Souvenir sheet issued to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. Designer Jaan Born. 1986.

[2.132.] Souvenir cover with revenue stamp dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” addressed to New York. 1986.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.133.] Special souvenir card prepared for the 35th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. 1986.

[2.134.] Souvenir cover of the 40th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York sent to Lauderhill, FL (1994-05-16).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.135.] Souvenir cover dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking”. Cover designer Jüri Kirsimägi. Cover sent to Old Tappan, N. J. (1991-04-04).

[2.136.] Overprinted souvenir sheet dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Estonian Scout group “Viking” in New York. 1991.

[2.137.] Souvenir card dedicated to Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides 11th World Jamboree and the 80th anniversary of Estonian Scouting. 1992.

100

[2.138.] Official souvenir sheet issued to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Estonian Scouting (1912-1992).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. USA

[2.139.] Souvenir cover dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Estonian Scouting and the Jubilee Jamboree “Järvemetsa” (Lake forest) held in Lakewood, N. J. 1992.

[2.140.] Cover of Estonian Scouts in the USA sent to Felton, CA. (1997-01-27).

101

Estonian Scouts in Exile.

ESTONIA

Canada

The first Estonian Scout unit in Canada was established in 1949, in Toronto. By 1952, there were five Estonian Scout groups, which had 264 members. The first annual leader’s conference was held in 1953. The Estonian Boy Scout troop Kalev was formed in Montreal in 1953. The first Estonian Girl Guides patrol in Canada was formed in 1949. There were about 390 Estonian Girl Guides in Canada in 1959. The Estonian Scouting organization in Canada organized a World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides in 1962. It celebrated the Golden Jubilee anniversary of Estonian Scouting. The camp took place in the Kotkajarve camping area of Muskoka, Ontario. This area of woodland was purchased in 1953. The owner was the Toronto Estonian Scouting Sponsors Association, established in 1951. The jamboree opened on 28 July and ended on 6 August 1962. About 900 Scouts and Guides participated in this camp. The majority of Scouts arrived from Canada, but there were also Scouts

from the USA, Sweden, Australia and Germany. Lithuanian, Latvian and Hungarian Scouts and Guides representatives in Canada also participated in this camp. This successful camp was a good seed for future Estonian Scouts and Guides camps in exile. Various revenue stamps, postcards, commemorative blocks, and envelopes were issued. A special souvenir cachet was used. For the 50th anniversary of the Estonian Scouts, a special volume about Estonian Scouting history was issued in 1962. There were more than 900 Estonian Scouts and Guides in Canada in 1972. About 1,200 Guides and Scouts from Canada, Sweden, USA, Germany, Australia and South America participated in the fifth World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides. The jamboree again took place in the Kotkajarve camping area. The jamboree took place in conjunction with the first Estonian world festival in Toronto. The sixtieth anniversary of Estonian Scouting was commemorated. The Estonian Scouts and Guides in Canada organized or participated in various other jamborees and camps.

[2.141.] Saving stamp of the camp “Saare.” The camp was held Kotkajärve, near Port Sydney, in 1958.

102

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada

[2.142.] Revenue stamps of the World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides. The jamboree in Kotkajärve commemorated the 50th anniversary of Estonian Scouting. Designers Uno Ong and Heino Jöe. 300 sheets of green labels (96 labels on a sheet) and 3000 (12 labels on a sheet) bigger blue labels were printed. 1962.

[2.143.] Sheet of revenue stamps dedicated to the Golden Jubilee of Estonian Scouting (8 labels on a sheet, 5900 labels printed). 1962.

103

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada

[2.144.] Postcard of the World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides in Kotkajärve. Designer Helmut Jaaguste. 1962.

[2.146.] Souvenir sheet of revenue stamps dedicated to the Golden Jubilee of Estonian Scouting with special jamboree cachet. 1962.

104

[2.145.] Souvenir sheet of revenue stamps issued to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Estonian Scouting. 5000 copies of souvenir blocks were printed. 1962.

[2.147.] Souvenir sheet of revenue stamps dedicated to the Golden Jubilee of Estonian Scouting with a postmark of Metsakodu camp in Sweden. 1962.

[2.148.] Souvenir cover of the World Jamboree of the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides with revenue stamps and special cachet. 1962.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada

[2.149.] Official souvenir cover of the Golden Jubilee year of Estonian Scouting sent from Canada to Sweden (1962-08-07).

[2.150.] Postcard sent from the World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides in Canada to Sweden (1962-08-07).

105

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada

[2.151.] The Altar at the Kotkajärve camp site.

[2.153.] Camp cafeteria. Kotkajärve.

106

[2.152.] Camp Church bell-tower. Kotkajärve.

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada

[2.155.] Souvenir label with a special cachet made to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the Toronto Scout troop Kalev. 1968.

ESTONIA

[2.154.] Revenue stamp made to commemorate the 15th anniversary of Toronto Scout troop Kalev. 1968.

[2.156.] Souvenir cover with special revenue stamp and cachet dedicated to the 15th anniversary of Toronto Scout troop Kalev. Designer Taivo Säägi. Cover was sent to Sweden (1968-03-33).

[2.157.] Souvenir cover dedicated to the 15th anniversary of Toronto Scout troop Kalev sent to Sweden (1968-03-10).

107

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada

ESTONIA

[2.158.] Revenue stamp made to commemorate 5th World Jamboree of the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides which was held in Kotkajärve on 16-23 July, 1972.

[2.159.] Special cachet on postcard from the 5th World Jamboree of the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides in Kotkajärve. Postcard sent to USA (1972-07-21).

[2.160.] Souvenir cover with revenue stamp dedicated to the 5th World Jamboree of the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides. Cover and stamp designer Taivo Säägi. Cover sent to Sweden (1972-08-15).

108

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada

[2.161.] Souvenir card of the Estonian Scouts in Canada sent from Toronto to Sweden (1971-09-21).

[2.162.] Cover dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Estonian Song festivals. The Jubilee festival was held in Toronto in 1969. Special cachet was used and two Koguja revenue stamps glued on the cover. 1978.

109

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada

[2.163.] Postcard with the Girl Guides symbol.

[2.164.] Souvenir cover dedicated to the 40th anniversary of Toronto Scout troop Kalev sent to Sweden (1993-03-14).

110

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Canada

[2.165.] Cover of Estonian Scouts in Canada sent to USA (1994-07-05).

[2.166.] Cover of Estonian Scouts in Canada sent to Estonia (1999-12-10).

111

Estonian Scouts in Exile.

ESTONIA

Australia

The first Estonian Boy Scout troop in Australia was formed on the exiles’ ship to Australia in November 1947. Later, the units were found in Sydney, Melbourne, Thirlmere, and Adelaide. The organization Estonian Scouting Youth in Australia (ESNA) was founded in 1953. It organized various camps and seminars and published their own magazine. Various souvenirs, including covers and revenue stamps were produced to commemorate Estonian Scouts and Guides camps organized by ESNA. In 1978, in Melbourne, the Ethnic Scout and Guide

Association of Victoria (ESGAV) was formed which consisted of Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Ukrainian Scouts. Its major activity is holding the annual three-day camp. The tenth World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides took place in Australia in the conjunction of 1988/1989. Around 100 Scouts and Guides participated. Despite the great distance, they came from Canada, USA, Sweden, Germany, and of course, Australia. The camp was named “Lõunarist” (South Cross).

[2.167.] Cover with special cachet of the 4th Estonian Scouting Youth in Australia (ESNA) jamboree, which was organized in Thirlmere at the conjunction of 1963/1964.

112

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Australia

[2.168.] Revenue stamp of the 5th Estonian Scouting Youth in Australia (ESNA) jamboree. Designer Ants Ranne. 1965/1966.

[2.170.] Revenue stamp of the 6th ESNA jamboree. Designer Ants Ranne. 1968/1969.

[2.169.] Sheet of revenue stamps of the 5th ESNA jamboree. 2000 sheets were printed (6 stamps in sheet). 1965/1966.

[2.171.] Sheet of revenue stamps of the 6th ESNA jamboree. Designer Ants Ranne. 2000 sheets were printed (6 stamps in sheet). 1968/1969.

113

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Australia

[2.172.] Sheet of revenue stamps of the 7th ESNA jamboree. Designer Vaike Liiband. 1971/1972.

[2.173.] Souvenir cover of the 7th ESNA jamboree named “Saare”, organized in Sydney-Bargo. Designer Vaike Liiband. 1971/1972.

114

[2.174.] Revenue stamp of the 8th ESNA jamboree. Designer Bruno Metsar. 1974/1975.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Australia

[2.175.] Souvenir card with text of the 8th ESNA jamboree named “ORU.” Designer Bruno Metsar. 1974/1975.

115

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Australia

[2.176.] Revenue stamp of the 9th ESNA jamboree named “Harju.” Designer Valdek Kangur. 1977/1978.

[2.177.] Souvenir cover with special cachet and revenue stamp of the 9th ESNA jamboree “Harju.” Cover designer Ants Ranne. Cover sent to Canada. 1977/1978.

116

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Australia

[2.178.] Souvenir cover with special cachets of the 10th ESNA jamboree “Kungla.” Cover designer Olev Muska. 1980/1981.

[2.179.] Revenue stamp of the 10th World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides “Lõunarist” held near Melbourne. Designer Bruno Metsar. 1988/1989.

117

Estonian Scouts in Exile.

ESTONIA

Sweden

118

The first Estonian Scout units in Sweden were formed in 1944 at the refugee camps. In total, seventeen Scout troops were formed in these camps. Former Scout and Guide leaders taught Scouting to the boys and girls. At the beginning of 1945, there were more than 400 Estonian Boy Scouts in Sweden. The Boy Scouts as well as the Girl Guides had their own centres to direct their work after 1945. Girl Guides and Boy Scouts organized annual leaders’ meetings, which had been conducted jointly since 1960. The first Estonian Girl Guides and Boy Scouts Jamboree in Sweden were organized in 1949. The Estonian Scouts in Sweden had two permanent camp areas. The Estonian Scout Camp in Central Sweden – Metsakodu – was purchased in 1953, and a permanent camp area Koitjärve near Göteborg was established in 1960. These camping centres provided facilities for numerous Estonian Boy Scout and Girl Guide events as camps, seminars, and trainings. The Estonian Scouts in Sweden were also very active in publishing various philatelic productions. Numerous covers, postcards, labels, commemorative cards, and cachets were designed and produced. The circulation of printed envelopes usually ran about 1,200-2,000 copies. The Swedish Post Office cooperated with the Estonian exiles in Sweden and produced commemorative postmarks on many occasions. Elmar Ojaste (1920-2017), the Estonian historian and philatelist, was one of the key people in preparing, distributing and describing Scout related philatelic issues. Organizing several camps marked the tenth anniversary of Estonian Scouts in Sweden. A commemorative stamp was issued for this anniversary. A Cub camp, “Camp of the Country Estonia,” was held in Metsakodu on 13-18 July 1954. Special revenue stamps were issued, and a special cachet was used. These camp stamps were used on postcards and covers. One of the biggest camps of the Estonian Boy Scouts in Sweden was the third National Scout

Jamboree organized on 18-27 July 1956 in Angelholm. The camp was named “Viru,” and it had about 500 participants. Organizers launched a big information campaign. Different commemorative postcards, covers, and stamps were issued. Commemorative cachets of both green and black colours were used. The fourth National Jamboree of the Estonian Guides and Scouts in Sweden was held in Olofsborg on 16-25 July 1960. About 500 Scouts and Guides participated in this camp. Guests from Finland, Norway, Germany, as well as the USA and Canada, arrived. A special souvenir round postmark was used by the Swedish Post Office to commemorate this event. Souvenir covers and commemorative cards were issued. To commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Estonian Scouts, a display of Scouting was held in the permanent Estonian Scout Camp in Central Sweden – Metsakodu. A special souvenir postmark with the date “23-06-1962” was used by the Swedish Post Office to commemorate this anniversary. Special souvenir covers and commemorative cards were produced. About 700 Estonian Scouts and Guides participated at the second Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree in Lygnern, Sweden. The jamboree was named ”Pöhjala” (North). The jamboree was held in southwest Sweden from 18-27 July 1964. Estonian Scouts and Guides from Sweden, Canada, Norway, Germany, the USA, and Finland participated. Special souvenir covers and commemorative cards were used. The Swedish Post Office used a special postmark dedicated to this event. The Swedish Post Office used a special postmark to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Estonian Scouts in Sweden in 1965. Special revenue stamps were also issued. A stamp was printed in perforated and imperforated sheets (10 stamps per sheet). Special souvenir stamps were issued to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Tallinn troop

in Göteborg. The jubilee camp “Harjuranna” was held in Koitjärve from 11-19 July 1966. The Swedish Post Office used a special souvenir postmark. Special souvenir cachets were also used. The sixth national camp of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden was held at Metsakodu on 19-28 July 1968. About 200 Scouts and Guides participated in this camp named “Uudismaa” (New Land). A souvenir cover and various souvenir cards were produced. A green cachet was used. The Swedish Post Office used a special souvenir postmark with changeable dates. The 60th anniversary of Estonian Scouting was celebrated by the Estonian Scouts in Sweden in 1972. The special souvenir postmark was used by the Swedish Post Office to mark this Anniversary and the 26th annual conference of the Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden. The Estonian Scout Troop “Pärnu” issued special souvenir covers and a special cachet. The sixth Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree was held in Metsakodu, Sweden, from 19-29 July 1975. About 500 Estonian Scouts and Guides from Sweden, Canada, Germany, and the USA participated. Special souvenir covers and commemorative cards were used. The Swedish

Post Office used a special postmark dedicated to this event. The Swedish Post Office used a special souvenir postmark to commemorate the 30th Anniversary of the KARU Estonian Scout Troop in Stockholm (1945-1975). An official souvenir cover was also produced. The eighth Estonian Boy Scout and Girl Guide World Jamboree was held in Metsakodu, Sweden, from 28 June to 6 July 1980. About 800 Estonian Scouts and Guides from Sweden, Canada, Germany, the USA, and Norway participated in the jamboree named “Vikerkaare” (Rainbow). Special souvenir covers, commemorative stamps and postcards were used. The Swedish Post Office used a special postmark dedicated to this event. A special souvenir postmark was used by the Swedish Post Office to mark the 70th anniversary of Estonian Scouting and the 36th annual conference of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden. A special souvenir cover was issued. To commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Estonian Scouts’ permanent camp area Koitjärve near Göteborg, a souvenir cachet was made. The Estonian Scouts’ permanent camp area in Sweden, Metsakodu, celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2004. Special souvenir cachets were produced for this event.

[2.180.] Cachet of the Estonian Scout camp in Ucklum, Gotland, held on 7-13 July, 1947.

[2.181.] Seal of the Estonian Scouts in Göteborg.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.182.] Labels with various signs. 1949.

[2.184.] Postcard of Estonian Scouts in Sweden. Estonian youth – Estonian future.

120

[2.183.] Postcard dedicated to the Estonian Scouts sub-camp in the Swedish National Jamboree AVA-TYR. 1950.

[2.185.] Cover of Estonian Scouts center in Sweden sent to Göteborg (1952-11-11).

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

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[2.186.] Revenue stamps issued to commemorate the Cub Scouts camp “Estonia” in Metsakodu campsite. Designer Lea Aarne. 500 stamps printed in each color. 1954.

[2.187.] Postcard with revenue stamps and special cachet dedicated to the Cub Scouts camp “Estonia” in Metsakodu campsite. Postcard sent to Göteborg (1954-07-17).

121

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.188.] Revenue stamp issued to commemorate the 10th anniversary of Estonian Scouts activities in Sweden. Designer Ilmar Loorand. 1954.

[2.189.] Commemorative stamps of Estonian Scouts in Sweden issued in 1951 (I edition, printed in four different colors: blue, brown, green and grey) and 1954 (II edition printed in brown and blue color).

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.190.] Commemorative stamps of Estonian Scouts in Sweden issued in 1951 (I edition, printed in four different colors: blue, brown, green and grey) and 1954 (II edition printed in brown and blue color). In 1954 stamp sheets (8 stamps on one sheet) printed together with commemorative stamps of Cub Scouts camp “Estonia.” 500 pieces of both brown and blue color sheets printed in 1954. Designer Uno Ong.

123

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.191.] Postcard depicting Metsakodu camp site. Designers Gustav Ilves and Uno Ong. 1955.

[2.192.] Postcard of the 3rd National Estonian Boy Scouts camp in Ängelholm, Sweden. Commemorative stamps issued in 1954 were used. Postcard sent to Finland (1956-07-27).

124

[2.193.] Postcard of the 3rd National Estonian Boy Scouts camp in Ängelholm, Sweden. Black souvenir cachet and revenue stamp were used. 1956.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.194.] Postcard of the 3rd National Estonian Boy Scouts camp in Ängelholm. Green souvenir cachet was used.

[2.195.] Postcard of the 3rd National Estonian Boy Scouts camp in Ängelholm with different revenue stamps.

125

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.196.] Souvenir revenue stamps issued to commemorate the 3rd National Estonian Boy Scouts camp in Ängelholm. 1956.

[2.197.] Postcard of the 3rd National Estonian Boy Scouts camp in Ängelholm, Sweden. 1956.

[2.198.] Cover of the 3rd National Estonian Boy Scouts camp in Ängelholm sent to Falköping (1956-07-18).

126

[2.199.] The emblem of the Girl Guides camp “Saaremaa” was the mill on the Saaremaa map. 1956.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.200.] Revenue stamps issued to commemorate Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides camps in Sweden. 1000 pieces of perforated sheets and 20 pieces of imperforated sheets were issued. Designer Mall Spirka (Girl Guides stamps) and Gustav Ilves (Boy Scouts stamps). 1956.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.201.] Revenue stamps of the Estonian Cub Scouts camp “Peipsi,” which was held in Metsakodu in July 1958. More than 100 Estonian Cub Scouts participated in this camp. Designer Gustav Ilves. 1958.

[2.202.] Cover with revenue stamps and special cachets of the of the Estonian Cub Scouts camp “Peipsi.” Cover sent to Göteborg. 1958.

128

[2.203.] Souvenir cover with special postmark of the 4th National Jamboree of Estonian Guides and Scouts in Olofsborg, Sweden (1960-07-24).

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.204.] Souvenir cover of the 4th National Jamboree of Estonian Guides and Scouts in Sweden. Special round postmark was used. Cover designer Uno Ong. Cover sent to Göteborg (1960-07-16).

[2.205.] Souvenir cover with special postmarks of the 4th National Jamboree of Estonian Guides and Scouts in Olofsborg, Sweden. Cover sent to Stockholm (1960-07-25).

129

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.206.] Souvenir card of the 4th National Jamboree of Estonian Guides and Scouts in Sweden. Camp was named “Olevilinn.”1960.

[2.207.] Registered souvenir cover sent from the 4th National Jamboree of Estonian Guides and Scouts in Olofsborg to Göteborg (1960-07-16).

130

[2.208.] Cover sent from the 4th National Jamboree of Estonian Guides and Scouts in Olofsborg to Koskullskulle (1960-07-16).

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.209.] Postcard with the official postmarks of the 4th National Jamboree of Estonian Guides and Scouts in Olofsborg (1960-07-25).

[2.210.] Postcard depicting the route to the Koitjärve camp site. Designer Evald Soomägi. 1960.

131

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.211.] Souvenir card dedicated to the Golden Jubilee Year of Estonian Scouting and Scouting display at Metsakodu (1962-06-23).

[2.212.] Souvenir cover with special postmark dedicated to the Golden Jubilee Year of Estonian Scouting (1962-06-23). Designer Uno Ong.

[2.213.] Souvenir cover with special postmark of the Golden Jubilee Year of Estonian Scouting (1962-06-23).

132

[2.214.] Special postmark used by the Swedish Post office to commemorate the Golden Jubilee Year of Estonian Scouting. 1962.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.215.] Cover with special postmark of the Golden Jubilee Year of Estonian Scouting and Estonian Scouts revenue stamp sent to Switzerland (1962-06-23).

[2.216.] Postcard with special postmarks of the Golden Jubilee Year of Estonian Scouting and different Estonian Scouts revenue stamps sent to Göteborg (1962-06-23).

133

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.217.] Postcard with special postmark of the Golden Jubilee Year of Estonian Scouting sent to Västra Frölunda (1962-06-23).

134

[2.218.] Souvenir card dedicated to the 5th National Jamboree of Estonian Guides and Scouts in Sweden and the 2nd Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Pöhjala” held in Lygnern, Sweden. 1964.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.219.] Souvenir cover with special postmark dedicated to the 2nd Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Pöhjala” (North) held in Lygnern, Sweden. Cover designer Uno Ong. 1964.

[2.220.] Cover with special postmarks and revenue stamp sent from the 2nd Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Pöhjala” to Switzerland (1964-07-18).

135

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.221.] Souvenir cover with special postmark sent from the 2nd Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Pöhjala” to Switzerland (1964-07-18).

[2.222.] Cover sent from the 2nd Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Pöhjala” to England (1964-07-25).

[2.223.] Labels of Estonian Scouts in Sweden. 1965.

136

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.224.] Postcard of Koitjärve open-air center marked by the official postmark of the 20th anniversary of Estonian Scouts in Sweden. Revenue stamp was also used. 1965.

[2.225.] Souvenir cover with special postmark and revenue stamp dedicated to the 20th anniversary of Estonian Scouts in Sweden. Cover sent to Switzerland (1965-06-13).

137

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.226.] Sheets of perforated and imperforated revenue stamps issued to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Estonian Scouts in Sweden. 10 stamps per sheet were printed. Designer Harald Sepp. 1965.

138

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.227.] Souvenir cover with revenue stamps issued to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Tallinn Scout troop in Göteborg and jubilee camp “Harjuranna,” which was held in Koitjärve. 1966.

[2.228.] Cover with special postmark of the jubilee camp “Harjuranna,” which was held in Koitjärve. Cover sent to Fjärås (1966-06-18).

139

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.229.] Souvenir blocks of revenue stamps dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the Tallinn Scout troop in Göteborg and the jubilee camp “Harjuranna.” Perforated and imperforated stamps were issued. Designer Uno Ong. 1966.

[2.230.] Souvenir sheet of the 10th anniversary of the Tallinn Scout troop in Göteborg and jubilee camp “Harjuranna.” No. 365 (Numbers from 1 to 1000 exist). 1966.

[2.231.] Souvenir sheet of the 10th anniversary of the Tallinn Scout troop in Göteborg and jubilee camp “Harjuranna.” No. 201. Missing colors. 1966.

140

[2.232.] Souvenir block of revenue stamps dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the Tallinn Scout troop in Göteborg and jubilee camp “Harjuranna” marked by special camp cachet. 1966.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.233.] Cover with the postmark and cachet of the jubilee camp “Harjuranna.” 1966.

[2.234.] Cover with the souvenir block of the jubilee camp “Harjuranna” sent to Enskede (1966-06-18).

141

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.235.] Postcard with the Estonian coat of arms and national flag. Estonian Scouts in Sweden. 1966.

[2.236.] Postcard with the national flags of Nordic Countries and Latvia. Estonian Scouts in Sweden. 1966.

[2.237.] Postcard with the coat of arms of Estonian cities. Estonian Scouts in Sweden.

142

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.238.] Postcard of the camp “Lygnern.” Designer Andres Dahlström. Postcard addressed to Enskede. 1967.

[2.239.] Postcard with the postmark of the camp “Lygnern.” 1967.

143

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.240.] Receipt marked with new obtained postmark of the “Lygnern” camp. 1967.

[2.241.] Souvenir card of the 6th National Camp of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden. 1968.

[2.242.] Program of the 27th of July of the 6th National Camp of Estonian Scouts and Guides “Uudismaa”. 1968

144

[2.243.] Souvenir cover of the 6th National Camp of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden. Cover marked with the special souvenir postmark issued by the Swedish Post Office. 1968.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.244.] Souvenir cover of the 6th National Camp of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden with official postmark and different cachets. 1968.

[2.245.] Souvenir cover of the 6th National Camp of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden sent to Västra Frölunda (196807-19).

145

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.246.] Souvenir card of the 6th National Camp of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden. 1968.

[2.247.] Cover with the postmarks of the 6th National Camp of Estonian Scouts and Guides sent to Enskede (1968-07-20).

146

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.248.] Estonian Scout labels issued to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Estonian Independence used at the 6th National Camp of Estonian Scouts and Guides “Uudismaa.” Designer Lea Meerits. 1968.

147

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.249.] Special souvenir card dedicated to commemorate 25th anniversary of Estonian Scout troop “Kalev” in Stockholm. 1969.

[2.250.] Special souvenir cover with special postmark dedicated to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Estonian Scout troop “Kalev” in Stockholm. Postmark designers Sven Hanson and M. Lepp. 1969.

[2.251.] Estonian Scout labels issued to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the first Estonian Song Festival. Labels depicting different national costumes. Designer Lea (Aarne) Meerits. 1969.

148

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.252.] Postcard sent from the Koitjärve campsite to Finland. 1969.

149

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.253.] Estonian Scout labels depicting different national costumes. Labels issued to commemorate the 25th year in exile. Designer Lea Meerits. 1970.

[2.254.] Label of Estonian Scouts in Sweden, 1972.

150

[2.255.] Cover with special postmark issued to commemorate the 26th Annual Conference of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden and the 60th anniversary of Estonian Scouting in Sweden. Cover issued by Estonian Scout troop “Pärnu,” special cachet was used. Cover designers Reet and Leena Kotkas. Cover sent to Borås (1972-11-04).

[2.256.] Cover with special postmark issued to commemorate the 26th Annual Conference of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden and the 60th anniversary of Estonian Scouting in Sweden. Cover sent to Switzerland (1972-11-05).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.257.] Cover with special postmark of the 26th Annual Conference of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden sent to Huddinge (1972-11-04).

[2.258.] Cover with special postmark of the 26th Annual Conference of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden sent to USA (1972-11-05).

151

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.259.] Cover with special postmark of the 26th Annual Conference of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden sent to England (1972-11-04).

[2.260.] Postcard with the scheme of the Estonian camp area Koitjärve in Sweden. Special cachet of the Estonian Scout camp held in 1972 was used. Postcard sent to Switzerland (1972-08-12).

152

[2.261.] Official souvenir cover with special postmark of the 6th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree held in Metsakodu. Designer Heiner Erendi. 1975.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.262.] Postcard sent from the 6th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree to Malmö (1975-07-19).

[2.263.] Souvenir cover with special postmark sent from the 6th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree to USA (1975-07-19).

153

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.264.] Official souvenir cover with special postmark and cachet of the 6th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree. 1975.

[2.265.] Postcard of the 6th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree held in Metsakodu. 1975.

[2.266.] Support card of the 6th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree held in Metsakodu. 1975.

154

[2.267.] Official souvenir cover issued to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the “Karu” Estonian Scout troop in Stockholm. Cover designer Harald Sepp. Special postmark was used. Cover sent to Bromma (1975-11-22).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.268.] Official souvenir cover dedicated to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the “Karu” Estonian Scout troop in Stockholm sent to USA (1975-11-22).

[2.269.] Cover with the special postmark of the 30th anniversary of the “Karu” Estonian Scout troop in Stockholm sent to Belgium (1975-11-22).

155

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.270.] Commemorative card dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the “Karu” Estonian Scout troop in Stockholm. 1975.

[2.271.] Cover with special postmark dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the campsite Koitjärve. Cover sent to Finland (1975-06-07).

[2.272.] Postcard with special postmark dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the campsite Koitjärve. 1975.

156

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.273.] Labels depicting emblems of the Estonian Scout groups and permanent Scout campsites in Sweden. 1976.

157

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.274.] Postcard depicting the emblem of Estonian Scout troop “Pärnu” in Böras, Sweden. Designers Leena and Reet Kotkas. 1977.

[2.275.] Postcard depicting landing bridge of the campsite Koitjärve. 1977.

158

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.276.] Postcards depicting selection of Estonian stamps. 1978.

159

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.277.] Cover with special cachet dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Estonian Scouts campsite in Sweden – Metsakodu. Cover sent to Västra Frölunda (1979-06-25).

[2.278.] Postcard issued by Estonian Scouts in exile depicting Estonian peasant costume from Järva-Jaani. Designer Lea Meerits. Special postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Estonian flag was used. Postcard issued in 1979. 1984.

160

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.279.] Postcards issued by Estonian Scouts in exile depicting Estonian peasant costumes. Designer Lea Meerits. 1979.

161

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.280.] Postcard with special postmark and cachet dedicated to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the campsite Koitjärve. Postcard sent to USA (1980-06-07).

[2.281.] Cover with special postmark dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the campsite Koitjärve. Cover sent to Västra Frölunda (1980-06-07).

162

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.282.] Postcard of the 8th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Vikerkaare” (Rainbow). Special postmark was used. Designer Gustav Ilves. 1980.

[2.283.] Revenue stamps made to commemorate the 8th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Vikerkaare” (Rainbow) held in Metsakodu. 1980.

163

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.284.] Souvenir cover dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Estonian Scout troop “Pärnu” and marked by the postmarks of the 8th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Vikerkaare.” Designers Leena and Reet Kotkas. Cover sent Västra Frölunda (1980-06-28).

[2.285.] Souvenir cover of the 8th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Vikerkaare.” Cover sent Västra Frölunda (198007-04).

[2.286.] Souvenir 286 marked by the postmarks of the 8th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Vikerkaare” sent to USA (1980-06-28).

164

[2.287.] Labels issued by the Estonian Scouts in Sweden depicting emblems of the different Jamborees of Estonian Scouts in Exile. 1980.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.288.] Estonian Scouts postcards issued in Sweden. Photos from the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Vikerkaare” used in the postcards. 1981.

165

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.289.] Label issued to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Estonian Scout troop “Tallinn” in Göteborg. 1981. [2.290.] Cover with the label of the 25th anniversary of Estonian Scout troop “Tallinn” in Göteborg sent to Västra Frölunda (1981-05-12).

[2.291.] Official souvenir cover issued to commemorate the 70th Anniversary of Estonian Scouting and 36th Annual Conference of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden. Cover issued by Estonian Scout troop “Pärnu” in Borås. Special postmark was used. Cover designers Reet and Leena Kotkas. 1982.

[2.292.] Postcard with the postmarks of the 36th Annual Conference of Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden sent to Västra Frölunda (1982-11-06).

166

[2.293.] Commemorative card dedicated to the 36th Annual Conference of the Estonian Scouts and Guides in Sweden and the 70th Anniversary of Estonian Scouting. 1982.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.294.] Postcard dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Estonian Scouting. Designer Sigrid Pödrus. 1982.

[2.295.] Greeting card from the Estonian Scouts campsite Koitjärve.

167

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.296.] Photo postcard with special postmarks dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the campsite Koitjärve. Postcard issued in 1977. 1985.

[2.297.] Cover marked by the special postmark dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the campsite Koitjärve sent to Västra Frölunda (198506-08).

168

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.298.] Postcard dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Estonian flag. Designer: Merike Varma. 1984.

[2.299.] Postcard depicting the emblem of Estonian Scout troop “Kalev” in Stockholm. 1985.

169

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.300.] Postcard depicting various badges of Estonian Scout groups in Sweden. 40 years passed in exile. 1985.

[2.301.] Label issued to represent Estonian Scout movement in Sweden. Designer Sigrid Põdrus. 1986.

170

[2.302.] Label issued to commemorate the 75th anniversary of Estonian Scout movement. Designer Sigrid Põdrus. 1987.

[2.303.] Estonian Scout label dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Estonian Scout movement. 1987.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.304.] Estonian Scout labels depicting different national costumes. Designer Lea Meerits. 1986.

[2.305.] Estonian Scout labels. Designer Lea Meerits. 1986.

[2.306.] Estonian Scout labels with views of Estonia. Designer Harry Laks. 1986.

171

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.307.] Estonian Scout labels with Estonian flag colors. Designer Harry Laks. 1987.

[2.308.] Estonian Scout labels. Designer Lea Meerits. 1987.

172

[2.309.] Estonian Scout labels depicting different national costumes. Designer Lea Meerits. 1987.

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.310.] Postcard issued by Estonian Scouting in exile depicting Estonian peasant costume. Postcard sent to Västra Frölunda. 1988.

[2.311.] Postcard depicting the emblem of the Estonian Scout troop “Lembitu-Tormilinnud.” Designer Arnold Pundi. 1988.

173

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.312.] Postcard depicting Metsakodu camp site in winter. Estonian Scouts in exile. 1989.

[2.313.] Postcard issued by Estonian Scouting in exile. Anthem of Estonian Guides. 1989.

[2.314.] Postcard issued by Estonian Scouting in exile. Anthem of Estonian Scouts. 1989.

174

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.315.] Postcard with special postmarks dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the campsite Koitjärve. Postcard sent to Switzerland (1990-06-09).

[2.316.] Cover with special postmarks dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the campsite Koitjärve. Cover sent to Västra Frölunda (1990-06-09).

175

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Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.317.] Estonian Scouts campsite Metsakodu in Sweden. 2004.

[2.318.] Special postmark and cachets were used to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Estonian Scouts campsite in Sweden Metsakodu. Postcard sent to Estonia (2004-06-19).

176

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts in Exile. Sweden

[2.319.] Special postmark and cachets were used to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Estonian Scouts campsite in Sweden Metsakodu. Vikerkaare jamboree (1980) postcard sent to Estonia (2004-06-19).

[2.320.] Estonian Scout postcard sent to Göteborg. Special Swedish postmark dedicated to the Centenary of the Scout Movement was used (2007-04-14).

177

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in ESTONIA

1991

178

The Estonian Scouts renewed their activities before 20 August 1991, the date of the official restoration of the country’s independence. Estonian Scouts and Guides organizations re-established their activities in 1989, when Eesti Skautide Malev and Eesti Gaidide Malev were restored. Another organization – The Association of Estonian Guides (Eesti Gaidide Ühendus) – was established in October 1989. A special cover was made to commemorate the Estonian Scouts’ joint campfire on 12 January 1991. Soviet stamps and postmarks were still used on the covers. Different covers were issued to commemorate the joint camp of Norwegian and Estonian Scouts in Kloogaranna, Estonia. The camp took place from 23-29 June 1991. Soviet stamps and postmarks still were used on the covers. On 20 August 1991, Estonia officially declared the restoration of independence. Some disputes appeared among different groups of Scouts. The Scout organization named “Estonian Scout Association” (Eesti Skautide Ühing) was founded in 1995. The organization rejoined the World Organization of the Scout Movement in January 1996. Boy and Girl Scouts participated in various national and international Scout events – jamborees, seminars, and training courses. The Estonian Scout Association had about 200300 members in 1996, 1,200 members in 2004 and about 1,350 in 2013. The Estonian Guides Association (Eesti Gaidide Liit) was formed in 1999, when two Guides organizations – Eesti Gaidide Malev and Eesti Gaidide Ühendus – joined their activities. The Estonian Boy Scout Association joined the Estonian Scout Association in 2007. The Tagametsa camping centre and hunting lodge was obtained for Scouting jamborees and

other activities in 1999. This centre is located in the village of Raasi in the Türi municipality. All main national Scout jamborees were held in this place. The first big jamboree in Tagametsa was organized 15-22 July 1995. Special covers were used to commemorate this camp. Almost 300 Scouts from Estonia and other foreign countries participated in this camp. On 18-26 July 1998, the jamboree named “Metsaraamat ’98” (Forest Book, ‘98) was held. About 700 Estonian and foreign Scouts and Guides participated in this camp. The jamboree was organized jointly by the main Estonian Scouts and Guides organizations. The Türi Post office used a special black postmark on 19 July, and a green one on 25 July. Special souvenir cards were used to commemorate this event. The next Estonian Scouts and Guides jamboree was organized 14-22 June 2001. More than 1,000 participants from ten foreign countries participated in this event. The camp was named “Tribe Bridge.” Souvenir cards and postcards were issued, and a special postmark was used by the Türi post office. A registration cachet was used on registered mail. In 2002, the Estonian Scouts celebrated their 90th anniversary. Philatelists made different covers to commemorate this event. The international Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Rännumaa” (Travel Country) was held 23-30 July 2005 in Tagametsa. A special postmark and cover were used to commemorate this event. About 950 Boy Scouts and Girl Guides participated in the camp from Estonia and twelve foreign countries. The Türi Post office used a special postmark on 27 July. The designer was Lembit Lõhmus. The Estonian Post issued a special stamp of EUROPA series for the Centenary of the World

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

(“Be prepared – Always prepared”), and a portrait of Robert Baden-Powell are also depicted in the stamp. The Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Tähemets” (Forest of Stars) was organized 11-18 July 2009. Different souvenir postcards were issued; a special postmark was used by the Türi post office.

ESTONIA

Scout Movement in 2007. The designer of the stamp was Jaan Saar. Edition ran 170,000 copies. The stamp was also available in sheets (2x5). The nominal value of one stamp was 20.50 Estonian kroon or 1.31 Euro. The stamp depicts a Boy Scout and Girl Guide looking at each other, in the background are Scouts on a trek. The Estonian Scout emblem, motto “Ole Valmis – Alati valmis…”

[2.321.] Estonian Scout seals used on the postcard together with Soviet philatelic postmarks (1989-10-10).

[2.322.] Cover dedicated to commemorate Estonian Scouts’ joint campfire held on 12 January 1991. Soviet post stamps and postmarks were used on the cover. Cover sent to Tallinn (1991-01-12).

179

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.323.] Cover dedicated to commemorate Estonian Scouts’ joint campfire held on 12 January 1991. Cover sent to Tallinn (1991-01-12).

[2.324.] Souvenir cover with Saint George who is the patron saint of Scouts and Guides sent to Tallinn. Soviet post stamps and postmark used on the cover (1991-04-23).

[2.325.] Cover dedicated to commemorate joint camp of Norwegian and Estonian Scouts in Kloogaranna (Estonia). 1991.

180

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.326.] Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991.

[2.327.] Postcard of the 4th National Jamboree of Estonian Scouts in Matsiranna (Pärnu County) held on 2-8 August, 1992.

181

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.328.] Souvenir cover of Scout group in KilingiNõmme. Cover sent to Kilingi-Nõmme (1993-03-30).

[2.329.] Cover of Central Anthony Guild of Estonian Scouts and Guides sent to Finland (1995-12-09).

[2.330.] Souvenir cover made to commemorate the the 75th anniversary of Estonian Guides movement. Special cachet was used. Cover sent to Kuressaare (1995-04-23).

182

[2.331.] Souvenir cover made to commemorate the 1st meeting of former Scouts and Guides from Baltic Sea area in Estonia. Meeting was held in Tallinn on 10-13 August, 1995. Special cachet was made for this event. Cover sent to Keila (1995-08-10).

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.332.] Souvenir cover of Estonian Scouts jamboree held in Tagametsa on 1522 July, 1995. Cover sent to Tallinn (1996-08-17).

[2.333.] Souvenir cover of Estonian Scouts jamboree held in Tagametsa on 1522 July, 1995. Cover sent to Tallinn (1998-07-13).

183

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.334.] Souvenir postcard of Estonian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Metsaraamat 98.” Türi post office used special black postmark on 19 July, 1998. Postcard sent to Latvia (1998-07-19).

[2.335.] Souvenir postcard of Estonian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Metsaraamat 98.” Türi Post office used special green postmark on 25 July, 1998.

[2.336.] Souvenir postcard of Estonian Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Hõimusild” (Tribe Bridge). Special postmark used by the Türi post office. 2001.

184

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.337.] Postcards of Estonian Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Hõimusild.” Tartu. 2001.

[2.338.] Registered souvenir postcard of Estonian Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Hõimusild” sent to Finland. Türi post office used special postmark (2001-07-16).

185

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.339.] Cover made to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the Estonian Scout Movement. Cover sent to Tartu (2002-10-29).

[2.340.] Cover dedicated to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the Estonian Scout Movement. 2002.

[2.341.] Cover dedicated to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the Estonian Scout Movement. Cover sent to Tartu (2002-10-29).

186

[2.342.] Cover dedicated to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Estonian Guide movement in USA. 2002.

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.343.] Souvenir cover made to commemorate Boy Scouts and Girl Guides international jamboree “Rännumaa.” Türi post office used special postmark designed by Lembit Lõhmus on 27 July, 2005.

[2.344.] Souvenir cover made to commemorate Boy Scouts and Girl Guides International Jamboree “Rännumaa” sent to Latvia. Türi post office used special postmark (2005-07-25).

187

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.345.] Postcards of the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides International Jamboree “Rännumaa” held in Tagametsa camping area. Tartu, 2005.

188

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.346.] Post stamp dedicated to the Centenary of World Scout Movement. Designer Jaan Saar. Edition 170 000 copies. Estonian Post, 2007.

[2.347.] Souvenir sheet of stamps dedicated to the Centenary of World Scout Movement. Estonian Post, 2007.

[2.348.] Souvenir cover with special postmark dedicated to the Centenary of World Scout Movement. Estonian Post, 2007.

189

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.349.] Postcard with special postmarks of Türi post office dedicated to the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Tähemets.” 2009.

[2.350.] Souvenir cover made to commemorate Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Tähemets.” Türi post office used a special postmark for this event. 2009.

[2.351.] Postcard dedicated to the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Tähamets.” Authors: Ande and Iris Müntel. 2009.

190

ESTONIA

Estonian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1991

[2.352.] Postcard dedicated to the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Tähamets.” Authors: Ande and Iris Müntel. 2009.

[2.353.] Postcards dedicated to the Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree “Tähemets.” Designer Triinu Sarv. Tartu. 2009.

191

ESTONIA

The Centenary of Estonian Scouts In 2012, the Estonian Scouts celebrated their centenary. Different exhibitions were organized for this occasion. Scouts organized various treks, seminars, forums and camps. In April 2012, the Scouts and Guides had a grand gathering at the National Opera House and engaged in a number of other outdoor activities. A jubilee camp was organized 17-21 July in Tagametsa. There were about 200 participants in this camp. Estonian President and Scout Toomas Hendrik Ilves visited the camp and shared his memories about Scouting. A documentary about everyday Estonian Scouts was created. The Estonian Post issued a postal stamp and special postmark for this event. The quantity of the issued stamp was 50,000; the stamp designer was Jaan Saar. The stamp and special postmark were released on 7 November 2012. The stamp dedicated to the Centenary of Estonian Scouting was printed in sheets. One sheet consisted of 20 stamps. A special information postcard was also

used. First day covers with a special postmark were used for the centenary. A special postmark and cover were used to commemorate the Estonian Scout Association’s Jamboree “The World Begins Within,” which was organized in Türi 13-20 July 2013. A special postmark was used by the Türi Post office on 13 July. The designer was Indrek Ilves. Traditionally, the jamboree had campfires, international evenings, visiting day, and other activities related to the theme – Nature and the Environment. About 450 Scouts and Guides participated in this camp. The Estonian camping centre Tagametsa hosted a traditional Baltic Jamboree in July 2015. More than 500 Scouts and Guides from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and some other countries camped together. The Estonian National Jamboree “Seiklusratas” (Wheel of Adventure) was organized 8-15 July 2017. There was the possibility to visit Pärnu during a one-day trip. About 700 Scouts and Guides participated in this camp, including foreign guests and volunteers.

[2.354.] Post stamp dedicated to the Centenary of Estonian Scout Movement. Designer Jaan Saar. Estonian Post, 2012.

[2.355.] First day cover with special postmark dedicated to the Centenary of Estonian Scouting. Designer Jaan Saar. Estonian Post, 2012.

192

ESTONIA

The Centenary of Estonian Scouts

[2.356.] Sheet of post stamps dedicated to the Centenary of Estonian Scout Movement. Designer Jaan Saar. Estonian Post, 2012.

[2.357.] First day cover dedicated to the Centenary of Estonian Scouting sent to Lithuania (2012-11-15).

193

ESTONIA

The Centenary of Estonian Scouts

[2.358.] Information card issued for the Centenary of Estonian Scouting. Estonian Post, 2012.

194

[2.359.] Special cover dedicated to the Estonian Scout Association’s Jamboree “Maailm Algab Minust” (The World Begins Within). Special postmark was used by Türi post office on 13 July. Designer – Indrek Ilves. 2013.

ESTONIA

The Centenary of Estonian Scouts

[2.360.] Souvenir postcard dedicated to the jamboree “Maailm Algab Minust”. Estonian Scout Association. 2013.

[2.361.] Cover with special postmarks of the jamboree “Maailm Algab Minust” sent to Keila (2013-07-13).

195

III

Scouting in Latvia

Latvian Scout Movement

LATVIA

1917-1940

198

The first Latvian Scout units were formed in Tartu (Estonia) by expatriated high school students in 1916. The first Scout troop in Latvia was established 17 April 1917, in Riga, under the leadership of K. Perešs. On 3 August 1917, another unit was founded in Riga under the leadership of Arvīds Brēdermanis. In the same year, the first Scout groups also began their activities in Cēsīs and Alūksnē, and soon afterwards in Jelgavā and Talsi. The idea of Scouting came from Russia, together with young Latvians who returned from refuge in Russia after World War I. At first, all of the units worked without any communication among each other. Common work started in 1920, with the aim at forming a new Scout organization. The Statute of the Latvian Scout Organization was prepared in September 1920. Greetings were sent to the first world Scout conference in London, in the summer of 1920. Latvian Scouts were registered with the World Scout Bureau, which was founded during this conference. For the first time, a Scout parade took place in Riga on 23 April 1921. The Latvian Scout Central Organization (in Latvian: Latvijas Skautu Centrala Organizacija or LSCO) was established in October 1921. General Karlis Goppers was elected as the first president of LSCO. General Karlis Goppers (1876-1941) later became the only Latvian Scout president. He was a popular man who was rewarded with some significant awards for fights in World War I. In 1939, Goppers received the Silver Wolf Order from the founder of the Scout Movement, R. Baden-Powell. In the spring of 1921, there were eight Scout units (five operated in Riga). In the same year, the Latvian Guide Movement began. The founder of the Latvian Guide Movement was Vilhelmīne Vilka. On 15 March 1922, the Latvian Guide Central Organization (LGCO) was established. Vilhelmīne Vilka participated in the Second International Conference of Girl Guides in England, in the summer of 1922. On 16 September 1923, the first parade of the Latvian Guides took place in Riga’s Esplanade Square. The magazine Gaida began publishing in 1924. The Wolf Cub branch (in Latvian – Mazskauti) was formed in 1921, and the Rover branch (in Lat-

vian – Roveri) and Sea Scout branch were formed in 1923. The number of Scouts slowly but steadily continued to grow. Scouting was reorganized on a geographical basis to cover the whole territory of Latvia. In 1923, the Scouts started publishing the magazine Ugunskurs (A Bonfire). In 1923, the first National Scout Jamboree was organized. About 600 Scouts participated in this jamboree, which took place in Mezaparks in Riga from 31 August to 2 September. The Chief Scout of the camp was Scouter K. Dzirkalis. President of Latvia J. Čakste was appointed as the Honorary President of the Latvian Scouts during the camp. The Latvian Scouts attended the second World Scout Jamboree in Denmark in 1924. The second Latvian Scout Jamboree was held in Bulli, near the Lielupe river, from 20-30 July 1928. More than 2,100 Scouts and Guides participated, including guests from 11 countries. Different activities and contests were included in the jamboree program. President G. Zemgals opened the jamboree. In the same year, the Latvian Girl Guides became one of the 26 founding members of the WAGGGS (World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts). A red camp cachet with the text “Skautu „Liela Nometne” 1928. g. 20.-30. jul, Bullos” (Scout Jamboree, 20-30 July 1928. Bulli) was used on the covers and postcards. Different postcards were made as well as the souvenir block of 10 revenue stamps. Until 1940, four national jamborees were held. The training courses for Scout leaders were organized. Books about Scouting were published. More than 3,000 Scouts were registered in LSCO in 1923, and 5,536 Scouts were calculated in 1932. In 1932, there were 123 Scout groups with 434 Scouters and 642 Rovers, 2,677 Scouts, 1,087 Wolf Cubs and 696 associate members. In 1930, there were 66 Guides units with 1,600 Guides. More than 3,000 Guides were in 1937. More than 8,000 Scouts and 200 units followed the ideas of Scouting in 1938. In 1940, when Latvia was occupied by the Soviet Union, the Scout and Guide organizations were liquidated. The Scouts and Guides leaders were arrested and deported. The President of the Scouts, General Goppers was murdered.

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940

LATVIA

[3.1.] General Karlis Goppers (1876-1941). General Goppers Foundation issue. 1961.

[3.2.] Postcard “A Scout is courteous”. Issued by Scoutmaster P. Slotovs. Riga, 1921.

[3.3.] Postcard “A Scout loves animals”. Issued by Scoutmaster P. Slotovs. Riga, 1921.

199

LATVIA

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940

[3.4.] Postcard issued to commemorate the 2nd Latvian Scout Jamboree in Bulli. On the other side, special cachet and text. Issue of Latvian Scout Central Organization. Postcard sent to Ventspils (1928-07-28).

200

LATVIA

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940

[3.5.] Postcard issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. Special cachet of the 2nd Latvian Scout Jamboree was used. Postcard addressed to Estonia (1928-07-23).

201

LATVIA

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940

[3.6.] Postcard issued to commemorate the 2nd Latvian Scout Jamboree in Bulli. Issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. Postcard addressed to Helsinki (1928-07-29).

202

[3.7.] Souvenir sheet of commemorative stamps dedicated to the 2nd Scout Jamboree. 1928.

[3.8.] Postcard “Scout.” Latvia, Riga.

LATVIA

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940

[3.9.] Postcard issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. 1928.

203

LATVIA

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940

[3.10.] New Year postcard depicting Scouts. 1934.

[3.11.] Postcard with New Year Wishes. Issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization.

[3.12.] Humorous postcard No. 1 issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. Artist S. Civinskis.

204

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940

LATVIA

[3.13.] Humorous postcard No. 2 issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. Artist S. Civinskis.

[3.14.] Humorous postcard No. 4 issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. Artist S. Civinskis.

[3.15.] Humorous postcard No. 5 issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. Artist S. Civinskis.

205

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940

LATVIA

[3.16.] Humorous postcard No. 8 issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. Artist S. Civinskis.

[3.17.] Humorous postcard No. 12 issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. Artist S. Civinskis.

[3.18.] Humorous postcard No. 15 issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization. Artist S. Civinskis.

206

Latvian Scout Movement 1917-1940

LATVIA

[3.19.] Back side of the humorous postcard No. 15. Postcard sent from Sigulda to Riga (1937-12-20).

[3.20.] Latvian Scouts Central Organization special cachet on cover for everyday mail. 1939.

[3.21.] Non-Latvian postcard depicting Indonesian village path with Latvian Rover Scouts stamp.

207

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in

LATVIA

1934 and 1938

208

The 3rd Latvian Scouts Jamboree was held in Asari II, near Jūrmala, from 20-30 July 1934. Latvian President A. Kviesis opened the jamboree. About 2,500 Scouts participated in this camp, including foreign guests. A lot of visitors came to this camp. Latvia’s Prime Minister K. Ulmanis and Director of the International Scout Bureau Dr. Hubert Martin were among them. Various Scouting practices, demonstrations, bathing, competitions, campfires and excursions were organized. The Scouts had opportunities to participate in sport games, dances, and opening and closing parades. The Latvian Post established a special post office in the camp. A special postmark with a changeable date was used. The text in the postmark was “SKAUTU NOMETNE ASARI 2 LATVIJA.” Special covers, postcards and seals were made. The main post office in Riga used a special machine postmark to advertise the 3rd Latvian Scouts Jamboree. The text of the postmark was “LATVIJAS SKAUTI / GAIDA JŪS / 3. LIELA NOMETNE ASAROS II / NO 20. - 30. JŪLIJAM 1934” (Latvian Scouts Awaiting You for the 3rd Jamboree in Asari II, 20-30 July 1934). This postmark was used for the jamboree period from the 14th June to the 30th of July. It was intended to be used only for inland mail. However, there is also mail to foreign countries with this postmark. The fourth Latvian Scouts Jamboree was held in Lielupe from 22 July to 1 August 1938. More than 3,000 Scouts took part in this event, together with 180 guests from 10 nations. The Minister of Public Affairs, A. Berzins, opened this jamboree. The Chief Scout of the camp was T. Baltpurvinš. The main camp events were the building of the camp, camp fires, opening and closing ceremonies, services, pa-

rades, sport games, demonstrations, folk dances, visits, Scouting practices, hike, and excursions. The Latvian Post established a special post office in the camp. A special postmark with a changeable date was used. Text in the postmark was “SKAUTU NOMETNE LIELUPE LATVIJA.” There was also the possibility to send registered mail. To commemorate the fourth Latvian Scouts Jamboree in Lielupe a revenue stamp was made. The Latvian Scout Central Organization issued different humorous postcards. Many of them were used in the Lielupe camp. Covers and postcards used a special postmark. Some items were sent abroad via the Bulduri post office.

[3.22.] Commemorative item of the 3rd National Jamboree of Latvian Scouts. 1934.

LATVIA

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938

[3.23.] Revenue stamps issued to commemorate the Asari II Scouts Jamboree, 1934.

[3.24.] Prospectus of the 3rd National Jamboree of Latvian Scouts in Asari II, Riga-Seaside. Issued by Latvian Scout Central Organization, 1934.

209

LATVIA

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938

[3.25.] Symbols used on envelopes of Latvian National Jamboree in Asari II. 1934.

[3.26.] Special bogus souvenir block issued to commemorate the 3rd Latvian Scouts Jamboree in Asari II. 2011.

[3.27.] Special postmark issued by Latvian Post dedicated to the Asari II Scouts Jamboree. 1934.

210

[3.28.] Photo sent from the 3rd Latvian Scouts Jamboree in Asari II to Lvov (Lviv) (1934-07-29).

LATVIA

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938

[3.29.] Machine postmark used to advertise the 3rd Latvian Scouts Jamboree in Asari II (1934-06-27).

211

LATVIA

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938

[3.30.] Machine postmark on cover used to advertise the 3rd Latvian Scouts Jamboree in Asari II (1934-06-23).

[3.31.] Machine postmark on cover used to advertise the 3rd Latvian Scouts Jamboree in Asari II (1934-06-25).

212

[3.32.] Machine postmark on cover used to advertise the 3rd Latvian Scouts Jamboree in Asari II (1934-06-18).

LATVIA

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938

[3.33.] Machine postmark on postcard used to advertise the 3rd Latvian Scouts Jamboree in Asari II (1934-06-23).

213

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938

LATVIA

[3.34.] Revenue stamp made to commemorate the 4th National Jamboree of Latvian Scouts in Lielupe. 1938.

[3.35.] Booklet of the 4th National Jamboree of Latvian Scouts in Lielupe, Riga-Seaside. Issue of Latvian Scout Central Organization, 1938.

214

[3.36.] Special postmark with a changeable date used at the 4th National Jamboree of Latvian Scouts in Lielupe. 1938.

LATVIA

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938

[3.37.] Postcard sent to Finland. Special postmark of the 4th National Jamboree was used (1938-07-30).

215

LATVIA

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938

[3.38.] Souvenir sheet of Latvian stamps issued in 1938 with a special postmark of the 4th National Jamboree. 1938.

[3.39.] Souvenir envelope addressed to England with special postmark of the 4th National Jamboree (1938-07-28).

216

[3.40.] Blank form for writing letters from Lielupe Jamboree. 1938.

LATVIA

The 3rd and 4th National Scouts Jamborees in 1934 and 1938

[3.41.] Information sent to the leaders of 164 Scout unit on the Lielupe Jamboree form (1938-11-22).

217

Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to

LATVIA

1989

218

After the loss of Latvia’s independence in 1940, many Latvian Scouts moved from Latvia as refugees to Western Europe. The majority of them found accommodation in Displaced Persons Camps in Germany and other countries. On 28 May 1945, the first Scout unit was formed in a D. P. camp in western Germany. The Guides also started to organize their activities in D. P. camps. Latvian Scout and Guide units later formed in camps in Denmark, Austria, Sweden and Belgium. The Latvian Scouts in exile had about 4,500 members and the Guides had about 3,000 members (96 units) in the D. P. camps in 1947. The Latvian Scout Organization in Exile was admitted to the Displaced Persons Division of the World Scout Bureau in 1947. So, the delegation of Latvian Scouts participated in the World Scout Jamboree (Jamboree de la Paix) in Moisson, France. The General Goppers Foundation was established in 1947. The purpose was to support Latvian artists in exile and make them known to the youth, to support youth education and camps. Since 1961, with a break from 1980 to 1982, the General Goppers Foundation has issued yearly revenue stamps. The benefits are used to support jamborees, the printing of Scout literature and Scout activities. More than 50 of these revenue stamps had been issued up to 2017. Most of them carry symbols of Latvia and Scouting. The majority of them are printed both in English and Latvian. The first revenue stamp depicts General Karlis Goppers. The stamps were issued in sheets of 50 (circulation – 380,000 stamps). The stamp was designed by Scoutmaster J. Deksnis from Toronto. During the years from 1948 to 1951 most of the displaced persons left the refugee camps and moved to other countries like Canada, Australia, Great Britain and the United States. Latvian Scouting and Guiding units had to operate in exile. The

International Scout Bureau encouraged Scouts in exile to join the national Scout organizations of their country of residence. However, regional headquarters of the Latvian Scouting Movement (Latvian Scouts Organization in Exile) were formed. Since 1967, Latvian Scouts and Guides jamborees in exile were organized every five years. Latvian Scouts and Guides in exile organized all jamborees jointly, but they had separate Guide and Scout camps. The first Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in exile was held from 26 August-3 September 1967. The Latvian Scouts in exile celebrated the Golden Jubilee of the Latvian Scout Movement and 45 years since the foundation of the Girl Guides. About 500 boys and more than 300 girls participated in this jamboree named “Tevzeme” (Fatherland). The jamboree was organized in Three Rivers, Michigan, USA. Special covers and cachets were used, and revenue stamps of General Goppers Foundation were issued. In 1972, the 55th anniversary of the Latvian Boy Scouts and 50th anniversary of the Girl Guide Movement were celebrated at the second jamboree in exile near Barrie, Ontario, Canada. The jamboree named “Riga dimd” (Riga Resounds) lasted from 1-9 July. In total, about 800 Scouts and Guides took part in the jamboree from Australia, Canada, the USA, including some guests from other countries. A special postmark was used. Revenue stamps of the General Goppers Foundation were issued. The third Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in exile was held in Elka Park, New York. More than 800 participants from Australia, Canada, United States, and Venezuela took part in the jamboree from 27 August-4 September in 1977. The jamboree celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Latvian Scout Movement and the 55th anniversa-

1992. The jamboree named “Ugunskurs” was held near Port Sydney, Ontario, Canada, from 26 June to 5 July. Canada Post produced a special circular postmark for this event. The seventh Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile named “Kopsoli” was held in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA, in 1997. The eighth jamboree “Kalnaine” (Highlands) was held in Rutland, Massachusetts, USA, in 2002. A special postmark was used for this jamboree, and special covers were produced. The ninth jamboree “Dziesmu gars” (The Spirit of the Songs) was held in Saulaine, Canada, in 2006. The tenth jamboree “Zvaigšnu sega” (Star Blanket) was held in Wood Lake Scout Reservation, Jones, Michigan, USA, in 2010. The 11th jamboree “Mantojums” (Heritage) was held in Camp Winnebago, New Jersey, USA in 2014.

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ry of the Girl Guides. A special postmark formed by a circular mark and the slogan “THIRD LATVIAN SCOUT & GUIDE GLOBAL JAMBOREE NEW YORK – USA” was used by the United States Post. The 65th anniversary of the founding of the Latvian Boy Scouts and the 60th anniversary of the foundation of the Girl Guides was celebrated in 1982. The 4th Latvian Scouts in Exile Jamboree “Kavu Gaisma” (Shadow of Light) was held near Rose City, Michigan, USA, from 21-29 August. More than 600 Latvian Scouts and Girl Guides participated from the USA, Canada and Australia, as well as Estonian, Lithuanian, Hungarian, Ukrainian. Other guests were also welcomed. The United States Post issued a special postmark formed by a circular mark with the text “JAMBOREE STA. ROSE CITY, MI 48654” and the slogan “FOURTH LATVIAN GUIDE & SCOUT GLOBAL JAMBOREE MICHIGAN – USA.” There were also other commemorative cachets. The fifth Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile was held from 20 to 30 August 1987. It took place near Whitehall, Michigan, USA. Scouts and Guides from Australia, Canada, the USA and other countries participated in this jamboree named “Draudzibas Loka” (The Circle of Friendship). The United States Post established a temporary post office in the camp and again issued a special postmark formed by a circular mark with the text “JAMBOREE STA. TWIN LAKE, MI 49457” and the slogan “FIFTH LATVIAN SCOUT & GUIDE GLOBAL JAMBOREE MICHIGAN – USA.” Beside the slogan, the logo of the camp was depicted – the name of the camp surrounded by the Latvian flag. Special covers and other commemorative cachets were also used. Latvian Scouts and Guides in exile continued their activities after Latvia regained independence in 1990. About 300 Latvian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides from Australia, the United States, and Canada, and for the first time from independent Latvia, participated in the 6th Jamboree in Exile in

[3.42.] Postcard dedicated to the 40th anniversary of Latvian Scout movement and the 35th anniversary of Latvian Guide movement. 1957.

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[3.43.] Envelope dedicated to the 100th Birthday of R. Baden-Powell as well as the 40th anniversary of Latvian Scout Movement and the 35th anniversary of Latvian Guide Movement. 1957.

[3.44.] Cover from the the 1st Latvian Scouts and Guides leaders camp in USA. Camp was held in Kalamazoo, Michigan, on August 26 – September 2, 1962. Special camp cachet was made.

[3.45.] Cover made to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Latvian Rover Scouts. 1963.

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Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989

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[3.46.] Envelope made to commemorate Senior Guides and Scout Rovers camp “Imanta.” 1964.

[3.47.] Envelope made to commemorate Senior Guides and Scout Rovers camp “Dievs, Daba, Darbs” organized in Canada on 23-31 August, 1969.

[3.48.] Envelope made to commemorate Senior Guides and Scout Rovers camp “Zvejniekciems” organized in Cape Cod, USA on 24 August – 1 September, 1974.

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Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989

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[3.49.] Revenue stamps issued by the General Goppers Foundation depicting Karlis Goppers. 1962.

[3.50.] Revenue stamp issued by the General Goppers Foundation on cover sent from New York to Windsor (Canada) (1963-12-10).

[3.51.] Special souvenir cover with different cachets and revenue stamps made to commemorate the 1st Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in exile in Three Rivers, Michigan, USA. 1967.

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Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989

[3.52.] Revenue stamps issued by General Goppers Foundation dedicated to the Golden Jubilee of the Latvian Scout Movement. 1966.

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[3.53.] Saving stamps issued for “LATVIEŠU SKAUTU-GAIDU jubilejas nometnes” (Latvian Scouts and Guides jubilee camps). 1966.

[3.54.] Souvenir card with special cachet of the 1st Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in exile. 1967.

[3.55.] Souvenir cover of the Latvian Scouting Golden Jubilee with cachet sent from the 1st Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in exile in Three Rivers (1967-08-28).

223

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Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989

[3.56.] Sheet of revenue stamps dedicated to the Golden Jubilee of the Latvian Scout Movement. 1966.

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Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989

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[3.57.] Envelope issued to commemorate the Latvian Scouts and Guides camp in Melbourne (Australia) “Riga.” Camp was organized in January 1971.

[3.58.] Envelope issued to commemorate Latvian Scouts and Guides meetings in several places in Australia named “Radu Cilts” (Family tribe) organized at the conjunction of 1974-1975.

[3.59.] Revenue stamps issued by the General Goppers Foundation dedicated to the 50th anniversary of Latvian Guides Movement. 1972.

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Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989

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[3.60.] Souvenir envelope with special cachet dedicated to the 50th anniversary of Latvian Guides Movement and the camp “Riga dimd.” 1972.

[3.61.] Souvenir envelope dedicated to the camp “Riga dimd.” Canada. 1972.

[3.62.] Special cover made for the 50th anniversary of Latvian Guide Movement. 1972.

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[3.63.] Cover with different emblems and cachets of Latvian Scouts and Guides anniversaries. 1972.

[3.64.] Information leaflet about the 3rd Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree. 1977.

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[3.65.] Emblem of the 3rd Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree held in Elka Park, New York. 1977

[3.66.] Official souvenir cover of the 3rd Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree. Special round postmark with the slogan was used. Cover sent to Cleveland (1977-09-06).

[3.67.] Souvenir cover dedicated to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Latvian Young Guides Movement. Special round postmark of the 3rd Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree was used (1977-09-01).

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[3.68.] Souvenir cover with special postmark and cachets of the 4th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree which was held at Rose City, Michigan, USA. 1982.

[3.69.] Souvenir cover with special postmark and cachet of the 4th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree. Postmarked on 26 August, 1982.

[3.70.] Cover with special postmark of the 4th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree. 1982.

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Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989

[3.71.] Souvenir postcard of the 4th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree. 1982

230

[3.72.] Souvenir cover of the 5th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree with the special postmark and cachets. 1987.

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Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989

[3.73.] Card with the special postmark of the 5th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree. 1987.

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Latvian Scouts in Exile from the End of World War II to 1989

1961

1962

1966

1964

1967

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1965

1963

1968

1971

1969

1970

1972

1973

[3.74.] Revenue stamps issued by the General Goppers Foundation 1961-1989. Year of issue is indicated below the stamps. The first stamp was issued only in the Latvian language in 1961. Since 1962, half the stamps of a sheet were in English. A full sheet contains 50 stamps. Issues usually take place before the Latvian Independence Day on November 18. However, the theme of the revenue stamp is appropriate for the following year. Many people like to use these stamps as stickers on Christmas mail. The Foundation does not sell the stamps but requests donations for their cause. Donations enable continued support of projects and programs related with Latvian youth education, nourishing the Latvian language and culture.

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1974

1975

1978

1979

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1977

1976

1983

1986

1988

1984

1986

1987

1989 [3.75.] Revenue stamps issued by the General Goppers Foundation 1961-1989. Year of issue is indicated below sthe tamps.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in

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1990

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The movement of the revival of the Latvian nation started in the late 1980s. The Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia was proclaimed on 4 May 1990. Political changes allowed for the rebirth of the Latvian Scout and Guide Movement. Latvian Scouts and Guides in Exile together with the pre-war Scouts and public activists actively revived the Scout and Guide Movement in Latvia. On 19 February 1989, a meeting of about 200 former Scouts and Guides took place in Riga. Latvia’s Guide and Scout Renewal Council was established in April, 1989. By November, there were nine active units with 158 members. The Latvian Scouts and Guides Central Organization (LSGCO, in Latvian: Latvijas Skautu un Gaidu Centrālā Organizācija) was founded on 24 November 1990. This organization united Latvian Scouts and Guides and had nearly 600 members in 1992. In 1993, LSGCO was accepted as an associate member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS). Official membership was admitted in 1996. There were more than 800 Scouts and Guides in Latvia in 2015. Latvian Scouts and Guides started to organize their own camps and conferences. A delegation of Latvian Scouts participated in the 17th World Scout Jamboree in Korea in 1991. The Museum of Girl Guides and Boy Scouts of Latvia was established in Ogre in 1991. The museum collection includes Scout and Guide literature, documents, photos and educational materials, various uniforms, badges, awards, camp signs and flags. The museum provides an opportunity to learn about Scout and Guide history in Latvia. A special souvenir cover and cachet were made to commemorate the fifth and tenth year anniversaries of this museum.

The Scouts and Guides jamboree “Atdzimsana” (Rebirth) took place from 12-15 July 1990. It was held near Unguri. This was the first jamboree in Latvia after the rebirth of the Latvian Scouts and the fifth jamboree from the establishment of Latvian Scout Movement. For the first time, Scouts and Guides camped together. A commemorative cachet was used for LSGCO conference in Riga, which was held 4-5 December 1993. The second jamboree after the restoration of Latvia’s independence took place in Kauguri, near Riga, from 14-20 July 1994. About 700 Boy Scouts and Girl Guides participated in this camp named “Dzintarjūra” (Amber Sea). Different souvenir covers and cachets were used. The Latvian Post established a temporary post office in the camp and used a black circular postmark with the text “KAUGURI LV-2016” and the number “02.” Different covers and cachets were produced to commemorate various Latvian Scouts and Guides camps and anniversaries. The designer of these cachets was Nikolaj Aleinikov, Scout and philatelist. About 30 different cachets were made in the period of 1994-2017. Special covers with the cachets were usually produced in an edition of 100 copies. The Gilwell Scout leader courses of Forest Sign were held in Dzestrene in July 1995. Special souvenir cards, covers and a special cachet were made for this event. In 1996, the Latvian Scouts celebrated the 120th birthday of General Karlis Goppers (1876 04 02-1941 03 25). Again, special covers and a cachet to commemorate this event were produced. From 26 July-2 August 1996, the International Scouts and Guides Camp “Jaunkemeri” was held at Kauguri. More than 500 Latvian and Swedish Scouts and Guides participated in this camp. A special souvenir cover and cachets were made.

A special cover and cachet were made to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the Latvian Scout Movement in Cesis. The town Cesis is located in the northern part of Latvia in the Gauja River valley. The text on the cover and cachet was “LATVIJU SKAUTISMA ŠŪPULIS * 1917 - CĒSIS 1997 *” (The Cradle of Latvian Scouting * 1917 – Cesis – 1997 *). The Brownies and Cub Scouts camp in Mangalsala (Riga district) named “Saules zaķis” (Solar Hare) was held from 10-15 June 1997. A special cover and two different cachets were made to commemorate this camp. The seventh jamboree (the 3rd after the restoration of independence) of the Latvian Scouts and Girl Guides took place in Mežezers, Plavinas, in 1998. A special cover and cachet were made to commemorate this jamboree camp, which was held on 9-16 July 1998. Special covers and a cachet were made to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Latvian Sea Scouts (1923-1998). The Latvian Sea Scouts were established in 1923. The international meeting of former Scouts and Guides in Latvia, BALTTREFF – 99, took place in Riga, 5-9 August 1999. A commemorative cover and cachet were made. A souvenir cover and special cachet were made to commemorate the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree in Dobelnieki, which was held 16-21 August 2000. The camp was named “Mazā Jugla – 2000” (Small Jugla – 2000). Mazā Jugla is the river located in the central part of Latvia. In 2002, the Latvian Girl Guide Movement celebrated its 80th anniversary. For this event the General Goppers Foundation issued special revenue stamps, and philatelists made a special cachet. In 2004, the Latvian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides national jamboree named “Kursa” was held in Kuldiga. The jamboree took place 26 July-1 August 2004. About 350 Scouts and Guides, including

guests from Lithuania, Germany and the USA, participated in this camp. A special commemorative cover and cachet were made. In 2007, Latvia celebrated the 100th anniversary of World Scouting and the 90th anniversary of the Latvian Scout Movement. The Latvian Post issued post stamp from the EUROPA stamp series dedicated to Scouting. The designer of the stamp was artist Ludis Danilāns. The nominal value was 85 cents in Latvian lat. The edition ran 200 000 copies. Stamps were printed in the Austrian printing house Österreichische Staatsdruckerei GmbH. First day covers with a special postmark were used on 28 April 2007. Two Scouts, the Scout emblem and a compass are displayed on the stamp. In the background is the map of Europe, which highlights Latvia. The Scout emblem and compass are also depicted on the FDC. A bonfire complements them in the background. A Scout bonfire is also shown on the postmark together with the inscription “PIRMĀ DIENA FIRST DAY PASAULES SKAUTISMAM 100 RIGA-51 28.04.2007.” The Latvian Scouts and Guides jamboree “Beverīna” took place 13-18 July 2009 near Strenči. More than 120 participants camped in this jamboree. The next jamboree – “Daugmale” – took place 22-26 July 2013 in the Kegums municipality on the banks of the Daugava river. About 200 Scouts and Guides from different Latvian regions participated in this camp. Some other Scout organizations were founded in Latvia. The Catholic Scout organization “European Scouts and Guides” was founded in 1998. The movement implements the ideas of traditional Scouting, integrating spiritual elements and traditions of the Catholic Church. Latvian Christian Scouts (Organizācija Latvijas Kristīgie Skauti) was established in 2008. This organization became a member of The World Federation of Independent Scouts in 2012.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[3.76.] Souvenir cover of the conference of the Latvian Scouts and Guides Central Organization (LSGCO). 1993-12-04.

[3.77.] Souvenir cover of the LSGCO conference. 1993-12-04.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.78.] Souvenir cover with special cachet of Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Dzintarjūra.” Kauguri post office postmark was used on the cover. 1994.

[3.79.] Souvenir cover with special cachet of Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Dzintarjūra.” Jamboree was held from 14-20 July, 1994.

[3.80.] Souvenir cover with special cachet and Kauguri post office postmark of Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Dzintarjūra.” 1994.

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[3.81.] Registered souvenir cover with special cachet sent from Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Dzintarjūra” to Riga (1994-07-16).

[3.82.] Souvenir card with special cachet from the Gilwell Scouts leaders courses held in Dzestrenē. 1995.

[3.83.] Cover with special cachet sent from the Gilwell Scouts leaders courses in Dzestrenē to Riga (1995-07-21).

238

[3.84.] Special souvenir cover made to commemorate the 5th anniversary of Latvian Guides and Scouts Museum. Special cachets were used. 1996.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[3.85.] Registered souvenir cover made to commemorate the 5th anniversary of Latvian Guides and Scouts Museum sent from Ogre to Riga (1996-12-14).

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.86.] Souvenir cover with special cachets made to commemorate the 120th birth anniversary of General Kārlis Goppers. 1996.

[3.87.] Special souvenir cover made to commemorate the 120th birth anniversary of General Kārlis Goppers (1876 04 02 – 1941 03 25). 1996.

240

Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.88.] Special souvenir cover with special cachet made to commemorate International Scouts and Guides camp “Jaunkemeri” (Kauguri). 1996.

[3.89.] Special souvenir cover with special cachet sent from International Scouts and Guides camp “Jaunkemeri” (Kauguri) to Riga (1996-07-26).

[3.90.] Special souvenir card with special cachets sent from International Scouts and Guides camp “Jaunkemeri” (Kauguri) to Riga (1996-07-22).

241

Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.91.] Special souvenir card with special cachets dedicated to the International Scouts and Guides camp “Jaunkemeri” (Kauguri). 1996.

[3.92.] Special souvenir cover with special cachet made to commemorate Brownies and Cub Scouts camp “Saules zaķis.” 1997.

[3.93.] Special souvenir cover with special cachet sent from Brownies and Cub Scouts camp “Saules zaķis” to Riga (1997-06-14).

242

Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[3.95.] Special souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Latvian Scout Movement in Cēsis sent to Riga (1997-05-17).

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[3.94.] Special souvenir cover and special cachet dedicated to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Latvian Scout Movement in Cēsis. 1997.

[3.96.] Registered souvenir cover with special cachet sent from the 7th Jamboree of Latvian Scouts and Guides (Mežezers) to Tume (1998-07-16).

243

Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.97.] Registered souvenir cover with special cachet sent from the 7th Jamboree of Latvian Scouts and Guides (Mežezers) to USA (1998-07-09).

[3.98.] Special cover with special cachet dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Latvian Sea Scouts. 1998.

[3.99.] Registered souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Latvian Sea Scouts sent to Riga (1998-04-23).

244

[3.100.] Souvenir cover and cachet made to commemorate the International meeting of former Scouts and Guides in Latvia BALTTREFF – 99. 1999.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[3.101.] Souvenir cover with special cachet sent from the International meeting of former Scouts and Guides in Latvia BALTTREFF – 99 to Rucavā (1999-08-09).

245

Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.102.] Souvenir cover with special cachet made to commemorate the Scouts and Guides camp held in Tērvete from 3-8 July, 1999.

[3.103.] Special registered cover with cachet sent from the Scouts and Guides camp in Tērvete to Rucavā (1999-07-03).

[3.104.] Special registered cover with cachet sent from the Scouts and Guides camp in Tērvete to Riga (1999-07-03).

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.105.] Special cover with cachet made to commemorate the Riga region Scouts and Guides camp in Gulbēre held from 15-19 July, 2000.

[3.106.] Special cover with cachet sent from the Riga region Scouts and Guides camp in Gulbēre to USA (2000-07-19).

[3.107.] Special card with cachet sent from the Riga region Scouts and Guides camp in Gulbēre to Riga (2000-07-19).

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.108.] Souvenir cover with special cachet made to commemorate the Scouts and Guides camp in Dobelnieki named “Mazā Jugla”. 2000.

[3.109.] Registered souvenir cover with special cachet sent from the Scouts and Guides camp “Mazā Jugla” to Austria (2000-08-18).

[3.110.] Registered souvenir cover with special cachet sent from the Scouts and Guides camp “Mazā Jugla” to USA (2000-08-18).

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.111.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the Goppers family. 2000.

[3.112.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the Goppers family sent from one to another location in Riga (2000-12-11).

[3.113.] Souvenir card with special cachet dedicated to the 125th anniversary of Latvian Scouts President Kārlis Goppers. 2001.

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[3.114.] Souvenir cover with special blue cachet dedicated to the 125th anniversary of Latvian Scouts President Kārlis Goppers. 2001.

[3.115.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 125th anniversary of Latvian Scouts President Kārlis Goppers. Cover addressed to Australia. 2001.

[3.116.] Souvenir cover with special blue cachet dedicated to the 125th anniversary of Latvian Scouts President Kārlis Goppers sent to Rucavā (2001-04-02).

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[3.118.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the commemorative camp of General Kārlis Goppers. Cover sent from Ādaži to Riga (2001-07-16).

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[3.117.] Souvenir cover with special oval cachet dedicated to the commemorative camp of General Kārlis Goppers. 125 years passed from his birth and 60 years from his death. 2001.

[3.119.] Special souvenir cover and cachet made to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the LSGCO Guides and Scouts museum in Ogre. 2001.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.120.] Registered souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the LSGCO Guides and Scouts museum in Ogre. Cover sent from Ogre to Lithuania (2001-11-08).

[3.121.] Registered souvenir cover with cachet dedicated to the 85th anniversary of Latvian Scout Movement in Cēsis. Cover sent from Cēsis to Rucavā (2002-05-18).

[3.122.] Registered souvenir cover with cachet dedicated to the 85th anniversary of Latvian Scout Movement in Cēsis. Cover sent from Cēsis to Riga (2002-05-18).

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[3.123.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 100th birth anniversary of Latvian Scout leader Kārlis Dzirkalis (19021997). 2002.

[3.124.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Latvian Girl Guide Movement. 2002.

[3.125.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Latvian Girl Guide Movement sent from one Riga location to another (2002-03-15).

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[3.126.] Registered souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Latvian Sea Scouts. Cover sent from Riga to Sweden (2003-06-15).

[3.127.] Registered souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Latvian Sea Scouts. Cover sent from one Riga location to another (2003-06-15).

[3.128.] Special cover with cachet made to commemorate “Cutty Sark Tall Ships Races 2003.” Riga was one of the stop of sailing ships race in August 2003.

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[3.129.] Special cover with cachet made to commemorate “Cutty Sark Tall Ships Races 2003.” 2003.

[3.130.] Souvenir cover with cachet dedicated to commemorate the Latvian Scouts and Guides camp in Daugmale. 2004.

[3.131.] Souvenir cover with cachet dedicated to commemorate the Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Kursa.” 2004.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.132.] Registered souvenir cover with cachet dedicated to commemorate the Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Kursa” (Kuldiga) sent to Rucavā (2004-07-27).

[3.133.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the Vecskautu Goppers family. 2005.

[3.134.] Special cover with cachet made to commemorate the Baltic Scouts and Guides Jamboree held in Kuldiga from 9-16 July, 2006.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.135.] Post stamp dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the World Scout Movement. Latvian Post, 2007.

[3.136.] Souvenir sheet of Latvian post stamps dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the World Scout Movement. Latvian Post, 2007.

[3.137.] First day cover with special postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the World Scout Movement. Latvian Post, 2007.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

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[3.138.] Registered first day cover with special postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the World Scout Movement sent to Riga (2007-04-28).

[3.139.] Souvenir postcard with two different cachets made for the 100th anniversary of the World Scout Movement. 2007.

[3.140.] Souvenir cover made in Great Britain dedicated to commemorate the Scouts Centenary. Revenue stamps of General Goppers Foundation and stamp of Latvian Scout unit also used on the cover. 2007-07-26.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

1991

1992

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1990

1993

1996

1994

1995

1997

1998

1999

[3.141.] Revenue stamps issued by the General Goppers Foundation 1990-2017. Year of issue is indicated below stamps. Since 1994 the official English name of the organization is the General Goppers Fund, Inc.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

2001

2002

LATVIA

2000

2003

2006

2004

2007

2005

2008

[3.142.] Revenue stamps issued by the General Goppers Fund, Inc. 1990-2017. Year of issue is indicated below stamps.

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Latvian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

2010

2011

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2009

2012

2015

2013

2014

2016

2017

[3.143.] Revenue stamps issued by the General Goppers Fund, Inc. 1990-2017. Year of issue is indicated below stamps.

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The Centenary of Latvian Scouts In 2017, Latvia celebrated the centenary of the Latvian Scout Movement. The Latvian Scouts organized the action “100 Good Works for Latvia.” Scouts and Guides were invited to help others and to realize the basic idea of Scouting – to create the better world. The Scouts cleaned the environment, helped a number of animal shelters, and participated as volunteers in various public events. The Jubilee Jamboree “Simtgades Ugunskurs” (Centennial Bonfire) took place 6-12 August in the recreation and tourism centre “Ezernieki,” Lubanas region. More than 450 Scouts and Guides from Latvia and other countries participated in this camp. August 11 was the guest day. Everyone who once gave a Scout or Guide promise was invited to a common campfire. The event was organized by the LSGCO in cooperation with the Latvian Christian Scouts and the Latvian Scout Movements of the Latvian Diaspora. The historic moments of Latvian Scouts and Guides were captured in the book Ziemciešu cilts. Latviešu skautisma 100 gadi (Perennial Tribe.

100 Years for Latvian Scouts). The book documents the period of Latvian Scouts from 1917 to 2017. The book contains almost 600 pages with more than 3,000 photographs of Scouts and Guides in pre-war Latvia, refugees in Germany, the exiles in USA, Canada and Australia, and the rebirth of the Latvian Scout Movement since 1989 in Latvia. To mark the 100th anniversary of the Latvian Scout Movement, the Latvian Post issued a special cover and postmark. The official cancellation of the cover took place at the jubilee jamboree in Ezernieki, Indrāni Parish, Lubāna Municipality on 11 August 2017. The cancellation took from 13 to 18 p.m. However, by the morning of 11 August, special covers could be sent from the Riga post office. The edition of the special cover was 1,000 copies. The designer was Ludis Danilāns. The design of the cover incorporates the symbol of the centennial of Scouting – a bonfire, which represents the Scout’s place of gathering. Latvian philatelists also made their own covers and cachets to commemorate this anniversary. Commemorative revenue stamps were produced.

[3.144.] Souvenir cover with special postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Latvian Scout Movement. Latvian Post, 2017.

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The Centenary of Latvian Scouts

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[3.145.] Souvenir cover with special postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Latvian Scout movement. Cover sent from Riga to Lithuania (2017-08-11).

[3.146.] Souvenir cover sent from the Latvian Scouts and Guides Jubilee Jamboree in Ezernieki to Lithuania (2017-08-11).

[3.147.] Souvenir cover with official postmark and cachet dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Latvian Scout Movement. Cover sent from the Latvian Scouts and Guides Jubilee Jamboree in Ezernieki to Lithuania (2017-08-11).

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The Centenary of Latvian Scouts

[3.148.] Revenue stamps made to commemorate the Centenary of Latvian Scout Movement. Some stamps were printed with an error in the word “Latvijas” (letter “T” is missing). 2017.

[3.149.] Different revenue stamps made to commemorate the Centenary of Latvian Scout Movement. 2017.

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The Centenary of Latvian Scouts

[3.150.] Sheet of revenue stamps dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Latvian Scout Movement. Issue of the General Goppers Fund, Inc. 2016.

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The Centenary of Latvian Scouts

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[3.151.] Souvenir cover with special postmark sent from the Latvian Scouts and Guides Jubilee Jamboree in Ezernieki to Lithuania. Special revenue stamp dedicated to the Centenary of the Latvian Scout Movement was used on the cover (2017-08-11).

[3.152.] Souvenir cover with special postmark and special golden cachet sent from the Latvian Scouts and Guides Jubilee Jamboree in Ezernieki to Lithuania (2017-08-11).

[3.153.] Souvenir cover with special postmark sent from the Latvian Scouts and Guides Jubilee Jamboree in Ezernieki to Lithuania (2017-08-11).

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[3.154.] Special souvenir cover with different cachets dedicated to the Centenary of the Latvian Scout Movement. Cover sent from the Latvian Scouts and Guides Jubilee Jamboree in Ezernieki to Lithuania (2017-08-11).

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The Centenary of Latvian Scouts

[3.155.] Special souvenir cover with different cachets dedicated to the Centenary of the Latvian Scout Movement. Cover sent from the Latvian Scouts and Guides Jubilee Jamboree in Ezernieki to Lithuania (2017-08-11).

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Scouting in Lithuania

Lithuanian Scout Movement

LITHUANIA

1918-1940

270

After World War I on 16 February 1918, Lithuania declared independence and created a sovereign state. The beginning of the Lithuanian Scout Movement is 1 November 1918, when the first meeting of a Scout patrol was held at Vilnius Vytautas the Great Gymnasium. The founder of the first Scout patrol was Petras Jurgėla-Jurgelevičius (1901-1992). The first Scout patrol consisted of ten boys and two girls. The patrol was founded one month before the first meeting. The director of this gymnasium was Mykolas Biržiška, one of twenty signatories of the Act of Independence of Lithuania. He also supported the idea of the establishment of Scouting. It is worth noting that a year before, Jurgelevičius established Scout patrols in the Lithuanian Voronezh M. Yčo Gymnasium, where he studied at that time. In his book Lietuviškoji skautija (Lithuanian Scouting) (New York, 1975), he mentions that he joined the Taganrog Polish Scout troop in 1915, and in 1916, he moved to a RussianUkrainian troop. He acquired experience and began to organize the Lithuanian Scout units. Later, the Boy Scout troop named “Vytautas” and the Girl Guide troop named “Birutė” were formed. The Scout Movement spread quickly. The Common Boy and Girl Scout patrol was founded and led by Kostas Vaitkus in Kaunas in February 1919. Later that year, the Lithuania Scout Support Society was established. J. Alekna became the head of this organization. Gradually, Scout units were formed in various Lithuanian cities. A Scout unit in Rietavas was established in 1919, and in Panevėžys, Šiauliai and Vilkaviškis, they were established in 1920, while Anykščiai and Utena had groups by 1921. In the spring of 1922, the first Scout group (Tuntas) was formed in Kaunas (V. Šenbergas was appointed as the leader). On 30 March 1922, the official Scout uniform and insignia were registered. A convention of Scout leaders was held in June 1922. The Lithuanian Scout Association (in Lithuanian: Lietuvos Skautų Sąjunga) was established. Dr. Jurgis Alekna was elected as Chief Scout. The

General Headquarters of the Lithuanian Scouts was formed in November 1922. In 1924, the Scout Association of Lithuania was registered as a member of the World Bureau. Forty-three Lithuanian Scouts participated in the Second World Scout Jamboree near Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1924. The international relationships formed during this time have continued to develop greatly over the years. Four Scout groups, 20 troops (7 Girl Scouts), and 2 separate patrols operated by this year in Lithuania. A troop of Scouts was formed at Vytautas Magnus University in 1924. President Aleksandras Stulginskis was appointed as Chief Scout in 1925. Rover troops were founded. The Sea Scouts and the Fire Fighter Scouts also organized activities. The Klaipėda Sea Scout yacht Budys shipped on its first trip to Liepoja on 1 October 1926. This date is considered the beginning of Lithuanian maritime sailing. Unfortunately, Budys crashed, impacting the northern pier of the Klaipėda port on 15 July 1933. Three Sea Scouts were lost. The Lithuanian Girl Scouts held a camp for girl leaders near Palanga. A similar camp was also held in 1927. The Lithuanian Girl Scouts, together with Latvian and Estonian Girl Scouts, became a founding member of WAGGGS (World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts) in 1928. WAGGGS was formed at the fifth International Conference in Hungary. In 1928, a special delegation of Lithuanian Scouts participated in the Latvian Scouts jamboree. The first National Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree was held in Aukštoji Panemunė from 28 June-3 July 1928. About 500 Boy and Girl Scouts participated. Boy and Girl Scouts lived in different sectors, and 177 tents were built. The military forces lent tents and field kitchens, installed a ferry over the river Nemunas, and paved the telephone line. President A. Smetona and Prime Minister A. Voldemaras visited the camp. Scouts from other foreign countries such as Latvia, Estonia, France, Great Britain, and the USA also participated. The Lithuanian Boy and Girl Scouts had various contacts with foreign Scouts, especially from

Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

established in Kaunas. These two patrols formed the troop of S. Darius and S. Girėnas in 1939. A delegation of 35 Lithuanian Scouts participated in the fourth World Scout Jamboree in Gödöllö, Hungary, in 1933, and 28 Lithuanian Scouts represented the country during the fifth World Jamboree in Vogelenzang, Netherlands, in 1937. A delegation of 62 Scouts participated at the third Latvian Scout Jamboree in 1934. The Statute of the Lithuanian Scout Association was produced in 1935. Two separate independent branches – Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts – were created. There were about 3,000 Scouts in the country in 1930, and more than 15,000 in 1940. The Lithuanian Scout Association was forbidden in 1940, when the Soviet Union occupied the Baltic countries. At this point the Lithuanian Scout Association had 28 Boy Scout groups and 25 Girl Scout groups. Different Scout literature was issued beginning in 1922. The newspaper Skautų aidas (Echo of the Scouts) was first published in 1923. Later, it became a journal. The book Scouting for Boys by Baden-Powell was translated into Lithuanian and published in 1934. Different Scout groups had their symbols, published various leaflets, postcards, and revenue stamps.

LITHUANIA

the Baltic Sea Region. Four Scouts from Lithuania participated in the third World Jamboree in Arrowe Park, England, in 1929. In 1930, the Law of the Lithuanian Scouts Association was proclaimed. The President of the Republic Antanas Smetona became the Chief Scout, Dr. Jurgis Alekna was declared the Deputy Chief, and Sofija Čiurlionienė was named the Chief of the Girl Scouts. Col. Juozas Šarauskas became the head the of Boy Scouts. The Lithuanian Scout Association was placed under the protection of the Ministry of Education. In 1930, the Girl Scouts established the Student Girl Scout troop at Kaunas University. Various Scouts leader courses and camps were held in 1931-1932. The Ministry of Communications granted discounts on the railway fare (up to 75 percent) for Scouts. The State Forest Bureau granted the right for Scouts to hold their camps in the state forests and to make hikes there. Forty-one Lithuanian Scouts participated in the Estonian Scout jamboree in 1932. In 1933, the total number of Scouts reached 11,100 (7,550 Boys Scouts and 3,550 Girl Scouts). In 1933, a unit of Scout horsemen was established in Alytus. In 1937, two patrols of Air Scouts were

[4.1.] Souvenir card presenting Lithuanian post stamps dedicated to the Centenary of Scouting. Photos of Robert Baden-Powell and founder of Lithuanian Scout Movement Petras Jurgėla-Jurgelevičius are shown in the souvenir card. Lithuanian Post, 2007.

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Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

[4.3.] President of Lithuania Antanas Smetona, who became a Chief Scout in 1930. Lithuanian post stamp, 1928.

[4.4.] Revenue stamp of Scout group in Klaipėda region.

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[4.2.] President of Lithuania Aleksandras Stulginskis, who became a Chief Scout in 1925. Lithuanian post stamp, 1922.

[4.5.] Dr. Jurgis Alekna, first Chief Scout of the Lithuanian Scout Association, later Deputy Chief Scout, President of the Society of Lithuanian Scout Support. Postcard. Kaunas, 1933.

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[4.6.] Colonel Juozas Šarauskas, Chief Commissioner of the Lithuanian Scout Association. Postcard. Kaunas, 1933.

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Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

[4.7.] Postcard issued by Girl Scouts Division of Lithuanian Scouts Brotherhood (Kaunas, 1926). Written text in Russian language. Postcard sent to Estonia (1926-07-31).

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Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

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[4.8.] Cover with Girl Guides symbol from I National Lithuanian Boy and Girl Scouts Jamboree held in Aukštoji Panemunė in 1928. There are doubts that this cover is genuine.

[4.9.] General Robert Baden-Powell, Founder of Scout Movement and Chief Scout of the World. Postcard issued by I-st Kaunas Rover Scouts Troop.

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[4.10.] Girl Scout on medical service. Artist E. Žukauskaitė. Postcard issued by Lithuanian Girl Scouts Sisterhood.

Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

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[4.11.] Flag of the Kęstutis troop (Kretinga territory, Klaipėda group). Issue of Kaunas M. K. Čiurlionis Art Museum. 1989.

[4.12.] Flag of the Zarasai Sea Scouts. Issue of Kaunas M. K. Čiurlionis Art Museum. 1989.

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Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

[4.13.] Letter on the official letterform of Lithuanian Scout Association sent to Belgium. 1932.

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Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

[4.15.] Letter on photo postcard sent to the editor of the Scouts journal Skautų Aidas. Seirijai-Kaunas (1935-01-29).

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[4.14.] Postcard with imprinted post stamp sent to the Scouts journal Skautų Aidas. Kaunas (1930-12-28).

[4.16.] Letter on photo sent from troop leader to Scout Petras Šlapelis. Letter was sent from Kaunas to Skapiškis on 16 June, 1935. On stamp the Chief Scout, President Antanas Smetona. KaunasSkapiškis (1935-07-16).

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Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

[4.18.] St. George in Rover Scouts gathering at the Lithuanian Scouts camp in Sweden, 1935. Postcard issued by Skautų Aidas. Kaunas, 1938.

LITHUANIA

[4.17.] Scout camp. Postcard issued by X K. K. Vaidotas troop to obtain water sport inventory.

[4.19.] Scouts at night. Postcard issued by X K. K. Vaidotas troop to obtain water sport inventory.

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Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

[4.21.] Formation and raising the flag at the Girl Scouts camp in Kalniškės, 1926. Postcard issued by M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art, 2007.

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[4.20.] Back side of the postcard issued by X K. K. Vaidotas troop. Postcard was sent from the 2nd Girl Guides Jamboree in Pažaislis (1938-07-17).

[4.22.] Postcard “Happy Holidays.” Issue of Skautų Aidas. Kaunas.

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Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

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[4.23.] St. Casimir. The relief made by the Scout J. Vainauskas at the camp in Washington, 1937. Postcard issued by Skautų Aidas. Kaunas, 1938.

[4.24.] Resting on the hike. Postcard issued by Skautų Aidas. Kaunas, 1938.

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Lithuanian Scout Movement 1918-1940

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[4.25.] Patrol leader on watch. Postcard issued by Skautų Aidas. Kaunas, 1938.

[4.26.] Camp friends. Clay models made by A. Nesavas at the Scouts leaders camp in Pažaislis, 1937. Postcard issued by Skautų Aidas. Kaunas, 1938.

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Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries,

LITHUANIA

1933

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In 1933, Lord and Lady Baden-Powell led a contingent of 650 British Guides and Scouts on a cruise to the Baltic nations. The cruise of the SS Calgaric (White Star Line) started its peace journey from Southampton on 12 August 1933. The route included the Netherlands, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Britain. On 13 August, the cruise visited Rotterdam and the Hague, on 16 August, Gdynia and Danzig, on 17 August, Klaipėda and Palanga, on 18 August, Riga, on 19 August, Tallinn, on 20 August, Helsinki, on 21 August, Stockholm, on 25 August, Oslo, and on 29 August, Oban and Liverpool. Actually, except for the Baden-Powell family, 475 Guides, 100 Scouts and about 80 non-Scouts were on board. Mrs. Rose Kerr, the International Girl Guide Commissioner, wrote the book The Cruise of the Calgaric published by the Guide Association in 1934. The cruise arrived at the Lithuanian shores on 17 August 1933. Smaller ships transferred the guests to the coast because the SS Calgaric was too big for the Klaipėda seaport. The guests were driven to Palanga. Lithuanian Boy and Girl Scouts welcomed the guests with Lithuanian and British flags from both sides of the road to Palanga. This surprise moved Baden-Powell to tears. Palanga mayor J. Šliūpas and members of the city board welcomed the guests near the Gate of Honour that was built specially to meet the founder of Scouting. Baden Powell opened the street named after him. He was awarded the diploma of an honorary citizen of Palanga and an artistic piece of amber. Baden-Powell and his wife Olave met with President Smetona and his wife Sofia. Lithuanian Scout Chief President Smetona awarded Baden-Powell, the World Scout Chief, of the Order of Gediminas’ Wolf. A Boy and Girl Scout jamboree was held in the Palanga pinewood for this occasion. Although the jamboree was held on 14-18 August, some groups camped

longer. Altogether, over 1,700 Boy and Girl Scouts camped at this jamboree. The camp was well equipped and decorated. A total of 1,500 people could sit at a nearby table. The camp was equipped with kitchen, tents, hospital, hotel, commandant place, phone centre, photo lab, speakers, and hundreds of other tents stood, and several gates were made. Badges and other souvenir items were made to commemorate this camp and the visit of Lord Baden Powell. Guests had a sightseeing tour of the camp. They were served Lithuanian snacks and offered a variety of gifts. All three chiefs left their autographs on a large stone, which was brought into the pine forest and later remained as a jamboree monument. A Boy and Girl Scout parade took place at the seaside. After, the guests were treated at Tiškevičiai Palace in Palanga. In the evening the guests returned to the ship and continued their trip to Latvia. The English press carried abundant articles on this trip and the excellent reception by the Lithuanian Scouts. On 18 of August, the cruise participants received a warm welcome from the Latvian Scouts. The Chief Scout, General Goppers, came on board to greet the Chiefs. Baden-Powell visited Warriors Cemetery and had a dinner in the Officers’ Club. Latvian President Kviesis received Baden-Powell at the Castle of Riga and decorated him with the highest Latvian order, “Three Stars Order.” On 19 August, the SS Calgaric arrived at Tallinn. It was a rainy day. The guests had a short excursion in the town. A dinner party was given at the Foreign Office. The Head of State of Estonia awarded Lord and Lady Baden-Powell the Order of the Estonian Red Cross for their work at humanitarian services. In the evening at the Tallinn Stadium a campfire was held. Traditional Estonian games were shown to the guests. About 1,500 Estonian Scouts and Guides gathered at this event.

Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933

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[4.27.] Robert Baden-Powell, Chief Scout of the World. Postcard. Kaunas, Issue of Skautų Aidas. 1933.

[4.28.] Postcard depicting Ocean Liner S.S. Calgaric, which was built in 1918.

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Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933

[4.29.] Klaipėda (Memel). Scouts and Guides Cruise Program. 12-29 August, 1933.

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Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933

[4.30.] About Klaipėda. Scouts and Guides Cruise Program. 12-29 August, 1933.

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Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933

[4.31.] Riga. Scouts and Guides Cruise Program. 12-29 August, 1933.

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Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933

[4.32.] Tallinn (Reval). Scouts and Guides Cruise Program. 12-29 August, 1933.

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Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933

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[4.33.] Founder of Scouting R. Baden-Powell opening the street named after him in Palanga. 1933. Postcard issued by M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art, 2007.

[4.34.] Sea Scouts at the camp in Palanga dedicated to R. Baden-Powell’s visit in Lithuania. 1933. Postcard issued by M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art, 2007.

[4.35.] Scout parade in Palanga seaside. 1933. Postcard issued by M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art, 2007.

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Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933

[4.36.] R. Baden-Powell with his wife Olave and President of Lithuania A. Smetona and his wife Sofia. 1933. Souvenir cover issued by Lithuanian Post, 2007.

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[4.37.] Welcoming of R. BadenPowell in Palanga. 1933. Back side of souvenir cover issued by Lithuanian Post, 2007.

[4.38.] R. Baden-Powell opening the street named after him in Palanga in 1933. Non-official envelope, 2007.

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Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933

[4.39.] Pinewoods in Palanga and the Palace of the Counts Tiškevičiai where the receptions were held. Post stamp issued by Lithuanian Post, 1997.

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[4.40.] Photo postcard sent from a Boy and Girl Scouts Jamboree in Palanga to Pušalotas (1933-08-16).

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[4.41.] The camp had a special cachet with the text “SĄSKRIDŽIO PAŠTAS.” The letters “BP” and “AS” were the initials of Baden Powell and the President of Lithuania, Antanas Smetona. Photo postcard sent from Palanga to Lampėdžiai (Kaunas) (1933-08-17).

[4.42.] Booklet “Lithuanian Scouts and their Country” dedicated to R. Baden-Powell’s visit. Published by the Scout Association of Lithuania. Kaunas, 1933.

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Visit of Baden-Powell to the Baltic Countries, 1933

291

The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree,

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1938

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The Second National Lithuanian Boy and Girl Scouts Jamboree was held in July 1938. Lithuanian Scouts celebrated the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Scout Movement and restoration of the independence of Lithuania. There were two camps: the Boy Scouts brotherhood camped at Aukštoji Panemunė, and the Girl Scouts sisterhood camped at Pažaislis. The Boy Scouts camp was held on 8-18 July. Over 2,000 Scouts (including about 130 Scouts from foreign countries – Estonia, Latvia, England, France, and Finland participated). Among the foreign Scout delegations, 30 Scouts came from Estonia and Latvia. A pantone bridge was constructed over the Nemunas river, and there was a post office at the camp. Every morning the flag opening ceremony was held, and the flag closing ceremony was held every evening. Campfires were organized during the evenings. Also, different competitions, services, along with a Girl Scout procession took place at Kaunas. Scout groups and troops competed in such contests as the installation of a camp, the building of tents, first aid, signals, shooting, the installation of telephone lines, and basketball. Twenty bonfires were burnt on the other shore of the Nemunas river at the closing ceremony of the camp, while 20 small bonfires were burnt on small rafts in the Nemunas river by the Sea Scouts. This symbolized 20 years of Scouting in Lithuania. The Girl Scouts camp was held near the Pažaislis Monastery on 13-20 July. Over 1,500 Girl Scouts participated. There were guest Scouts from more than ten countries. Groups of Girl Scouts competed at the decoration of sub-camps, contests of songs and housewifery. On 17 July, President Smetona visited the camp. Foreign guests who participated in the camp praised the hospitality, organizational skills and the fostering of national culture by the Lithuanian girls.

A special post office was founded at both camps. Each post office had special postmarks, which ran for the camp period. There was the possibility to send registered letters, and special registration cachets were used for this purpose. Special post stamps were available to buy at these post offices. Special camp stamps and sticker depicting the Iron Wolf were available to purchase at the Boy Scouts camp in Aukštoji Panemunė. Lots of different other souvenirs were issued for this anniversary: pins, badges, pennants, postcards, and camp guides. Postcards depicted stylised Lithuanian Boy and Girl Scouts. For the occasion of the Second National Scouts Jamboree, the Lithuanian Post issued post stamps. These were the first official post stamps dedicated to Scouting in the Baltic countries. The stamps were made by overprinting a special seal on the four stamps of the National Olympic Games. The green and brown stamps were sealed with the note “TAUTINĖ SKAUTŲ STOVYKLA“ (“National Boy Scouts Jamboree”) and the Scout emblem with the Cross of Vytis. Red and blue stamps were sealed by the note “TAUTINĖ SKAUČIŲ STOVYKLA“ (“National Girl Scouts Jamboree”) and the Girl Scouts emblem in the shape of rue with the Cross of Vytis. Designers of the stamps were Jonas Burba and Eduardas Krasauskas; the seal designer was Jonas Burba. The edition ran 50,000 pieces. Until 30 November 1938, these stamps were on sale at the post offices. On 1 January 1939, their official usage expired. Later, a number of falsified covers and letters of the Second National Boy and Girl Scouts Jamboree appeared. Usually, original post stamps were used, but falsified envelopes, special camp postmarks and registration cachets were made.

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The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

[4.43.] Booklet of the Lithuanian Boy Scout Brotherhood jamboree at Aukštoji Panemunė. 1938.

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The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

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[4.44.] Guidebook of Lithuanian 2nd National Scouts Jamboree in A. Panemunė. Kaunas. Issued by the leaders of the Scouts camp. 1938.

[4.46.] Revenue stamps of the 2nd National Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree in A. Panemunė. 1938.

[4.45.] Poster of 2nd National Boy Scouts Jamboree. Postcard issued by Skautų Aidas. Kaunas, 1938.

[4.47.] Revenue stamp with the Iron Wolf of the 2nd National Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree in A. Panemunė. 1938.

[4.48.] Set of semi postal stamps dedicated to the 2nd National Boy and Girl Scouts Jamboree. Lithuanian Post, 1938.

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The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

[4.49.] Used stamps of the 2nd National Boy and Girl Scouts Jamboree set. Lithuanian Post, 1938.

[4.51.] Plate error of the brown 60+15 value stamp. White hook after number “1” of “1938.” Lithuanian Post, 1938.

[4.52.] Plate error of the brown 60+15 value stamp. Brown spot on the letter “A.” Lithuanian Post, 1938.

[4.53.] Plate error of the brown 60+15 value stamp. Break of the Olympic Circle (possibility 500 times). Lithuanian Post, 1938.

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[4.50.] Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts Overprints used on semi postal stamps. 1938.

[4.54.] Size variations of the red 15+5 value stamp. Lithuanian Post, 1938.

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The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

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[4.55.] Corner stamps of the 2nd National Boy and Girl Scouts Jamboree set. Lithuanian Post, 1938.

[4.56.] Blocks of four stamps of the 2nd National Boy and Girl Scouts Jamboree set. Lithuanian Post, 1938.

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The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

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[4.57.] A document sent to the head of the Petrašiūnai post office, Mr. Valaitis. It states that a temporary post and telephone office will be established in the Aukštoji Panemunė forest during the 2nd Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree from 7 July to 19 July. Mr. Valaitis was appointed the head of this office. It was pointed out that the temporary post and telephone office had to be open on time. The information about the opening and closing of the post and telephone office had to be submitted to the Board of the Lithuanian Post. The director of the Board of the Lithuanian Post, Mr. V. Birutavičius, signed the document together with Administration referent Mr. Bereiša. The document was received in the Petrašiūnai post office on 23 June 1938.

[4.58.] Cover with special postmarks sent from the Boy Scouts camp to Kaunas (1938-07-17).

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The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

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[4.59.] Cover with special postmarks and registration cachet sent from the Boy Scouts camp to Sweden (1938-07-10).

[4.60.] Special souvenir cover with special postmarks and registration cachet sent from the Boy Scouts camp to Kaunas (1938-07-13).

298

The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

[4.62.] Special cover with special postmarks and registration cachet sent from the Girl Scouts camp to Panevėžys (1938-07-13).

LITHUANIA

[4.61.] Maximum card from the Girl Scouts camp. Postcard artist E. Žukauskaitė. Postcard issued by Lithuanian Girl Scouts Sisterhood. 1938.

[4.63.] Cover with special postmarks and registration cachet sent from the Girl Scouts camp to Kaunas (1938-07-20).

299

The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

[4.65.] Maximum card from the Girl Scouts camp. Postcard “M. K. Čiurlionis (1875-1911). Crosses of Samogitia”. Postcard issued by Čiurlionis Gallery of Vytautas Magnus Cultural Museum. 1938.

LITHUANIA

[4.64.] Maximum card from the Girl Scouts camp. Postcard issued by Lithuanian Girl Scouts Sisterhood. 1938.

[4.66.] Maximum card from the Girl Scouts camp. Postcard artist K. Šimonis. Postcard named “Lithuanian Girl”. 1938.

300

[4.67.] Camp calendar of the 2nd National Jamboree. 1938.

The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

[4.68.] Pažaislis Monastery. Lithuanian Post, 1938.

[4.70.] Letter sent from Helsinki (Finland) to Saga Blomgvist to the Pažaislis National Girl Scouts Jamboree (1938-07-15).

LITHUANIA

[4.69.] Certificate of the Lithuanian Scout Association inviting Girl Scout Saga Blomgvist from Finland to take part in the Lithuanian National Jamboree. June, 1938.

[4.71.] Pažaislis National Girl Scout Jamboree. From left: Chief of Girl Scouts S. Čiurlionienė, President of Lithuania A. Smetona and guide K. Žilinskienė. Postcard issued by M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art, 2007.

301

The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

LITHUANIA

[4.72.] Forged envelope, postmark and registration cachet of the Pažaislis National Girl Scouts Jamboree.

[4.73.] Forged postmark and registration cachet of the Pažaislis National Girl Scouts Jamboree. The oval postmark is uneven, hook used under the second “U” in “SKAUČIŲ” (the genuine postmark has a stroke), the “S” is bigger than the “K” in “SKAUČIŲ” and differs from the “S” in “STOVYKLA.” “R” in registration cachet is bold and different from original cachet.

[4.74.] Forged envelope, postmark and registration cachet of the 2nd National Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts Jamboree. Forged registration cachet from A. Panemunė and forged postmarks of the Pažaislis camp were used on the same cover.

302

The 2nd National Scouts Jamboree, 1938

[4.76.] Cover with special postmarks and registration cachet sent from the Boy Scouts camp to Kaunas (1938-07-13). There are doubts about authenticity of this cover.

LITHUANIA

[4.75.] Forged envelope, postmark and registration cachet of the Pažaislis National Girl Scouts Jamboree.

[4.77.] Postcard with the 2nd National Boy and Girl Scouts Jamboree set and postmark of KaunasSenamiestis (1940-02-16).

303

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany,

LITHUANIA

1945-1949

304

On 15 June 1940, Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union. In July 1940, the Lithuanian Scout Association was dissolved. World War II drove thousands of Lithuanians to various European countries. The Lithuanian Scout Movement was dispersed. Scout refugees from Lithuania had the hope of restoring the Lithuanian Scout Movement. Many Lithuanian Scouts landed up at refugee or Displaced Persons (D. P.) camps in West Germany and Austria in 1945. They had the idea to restore the Lithuanian Scout units. In July 1945, because of the initiative of Dr. V. Čepas, the Provisional leader group of Lithuanian Scout Association was formed. The first Lithuanian Scout unit in exile was formed at the end of July, 1945, in Oldenburg. The mixed Boy and Girl Scout troop had the name of “Kunigaikštis Margis.” On 2628 October 1945, the first convention of Lithuanian Scout leaders in exile was held in Detmold. Ninetynine delegates from different Lithuanian Scout units and 22 Scout leaders participated. They decided to restore the Lithuanian Scout Association. In 1946 and 1947, Scout leader camps were held in Regensburg. The second general convention of the leaders of the Lithuanian Boy and Girl Scouts in exile was held in Augsburg 28-29 April 1946. More than 300 Boy and Girl Scouts participated. They elected 24 members to the Council of Lithuanian Scout Association. J. Vaičiūnienė was elected the Chief Scout of Girl sisterhood, and the chief Scout of brotherhood was V. Čepas. The publishing of Scout press (the newspaper Skautų aidas) and various other literatures started. The activities of the Scouts expanded, and new Scout units were established. The most active Scouts were in the English and American-controlled zones, where most war refugees came from Lithuania. A total of over 50,000 Lithuanian war refugees were at Western controlled zones at that time.

Eighty-one Lithuanian Scouts went to the World Scout Jamboree (Jamboree de la Paix) in France in 1947. The Lithuanian D. P. delegation produced an advertising cover to commemorate this jamboree. Christoph Gartner Auction sold one of the examples of such cover for 600 euros (plus 22 per cent buyers premium) in 2016. In July of that year, the Congress of the restored Lithuanian Scout Association was held in Kassel. The question of spiritual leaders being incorporated into Scout leadership was solved. The Academic Scout Movement was established, which brings together Lithuanian Scout students. In 1948, the Lithuanian Scout Movement celebrated its 30th anniversary. On 2-14 August the third National Scout Jamboree was held in two German occupation zones. One camp was held on the River Isar near Mittenwald (the American zone), and another camp occurred near Timmendorf on the shores of the Baltic Sea (the British zone). Lithuanian Scouts were able to get to these camps by using free train tickets. Over 1,000 Boy and Girl Scouts and about 200 guests participated at the Mittenwald camp in the Alps, and more than 500 Boy and Girl Scouts participated at the camp in Timmendorf. There were Scout units in all Lithuanian D. P. camps. In total, more than 2,900 Lithuanian Boy Scouts (127 Scout units) and 2,400 Girl Scouts (16 groups, 10 regional units and 15 sections) participated in Scout activities at D. P. camps. D. P. camps were similar to small towns. They had their own local post stamps, which helped send post to other D. P. camps. Lithuanian refugees issued several sets of D. P. stamps including Scout topic stamps. To commemorate the convention of Lithuanian Scout leaders in Augsburg (April 1946) special stamps with fleur-de-lis were issued. The convention had to be held in Detmold at 2-4 May, so the

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

stamp was designed for it. The red overprint ”Augsburg” and the date of the convention “28.4.46” were set on the printed stamps. The stamps have orange margins and green background in the middle. 7,030 pieces of perforated and 2,340 pieces without perforation were issued. Several months later, set of other three stamps was produced: 10 Pf. value, light and dark blue (19,480 pieces), 20 Pf. orange and brown (9,750 pieces) and 50 Pf. light and dark violet (6,700 pieces). These three stamps have the same picture as before, but the red overprint is missing. The text at the bottom of the stamp is replaced by the stamp value. D. P. post offices also had their own postmarks. Post stamps were issued by the postal services of D. P. camps. They were not valid for official

postal use, but appear on covers, both alone and in combination with regular German issues. Genuine covers with intercamp, intracamp, local and international destinations exist. Some of the stamps are posted on covers or special cards together with the postmark of the annual Convention of the Philatelistic Society of Baltia, which was held 5 October 1947. The refugees’ emigration from D. P. camps in Germany to other countries started in 19481949: England, the USA, Canada, Australia, South America. Lithuanian Scout units were started their activities in those countries. Scout Leaders at the Lithuanian Boy and Girl Scout Leaders Congress at Augsburg-Scheinfeld in 1949 decided to establish the World Lithuanian Scouts Association.

LITHUANIA

[4.78.] Lithuanian D. P. post stamps on Scouting issued in Detmold. 1946.

[4.79.] Perforated and imperforated Lithuanian D. P. post stamps on Scouting issued in Detmold with Augsburg overprint. 1946.

305

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

LITHUANIA

[4.80.] Lithuanian D. P. post stamps on Scouting with Detmold 1 postmark (1947-10-25).

[4.81.] Proofs of Detmold Lithuanian D. P. camp stamps. Some stamps with special cachets or postmarks. 1946.

306

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

[4.82.] Blocks of four stamps of Lithuanian D. P. camps Scouts stamp issue. 1946.

307

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

3x8=24 (20 Pf) Total

50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Gutter

50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

2x8=16 (50 Pf)

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Gutter

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

[4.83.] Three Detmold Lithuanian Scouts stamps (10 Pf, 20 Pf and 50 Pf) were printed together in sheets of 88 stamps. Two types of gutter pairs exist.

6x8=48 (10 Pf)

88 per sheet

[4.84.] Imperforated Augsburg overprint stamp issued by Lithuanian Scouts (1946-04-28).

308

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

[4.85.] Revenue stamp from the Lithuanian Scout troop of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas in Germany (1947-07-26).

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

[4.87.] Cover sent from Augsburg to Kempten, Allgau, Lithuanian D. P. camp. Special cachet marking Jungborn Scouts camp was used on the cover (1946-08-25).

LITHUANIA

[4.86.] Souvenir card with two Detmold Scouts stamps and one Augsburg overprint stamp. Special cachet of the Jungborn Scouts camp of the Scouts Group of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas Castle was used (1946-08-25).

[4.88.] Cover sent from Detmold D. P. camp to Wehnen (Oldenburg) D. P. camp. Post stamps and postmarks as well as Detmold Scouts stamps and special cachets marking Jungborn Scouts camp were used on the cover (1946-08-26).

309

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

[4.89.] Detmold Scouts stamps postmarked by the special circular cachet on the souvenir page. 1946.

310

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

LITHUANIA

[4.90.] Cover sent to Consul of Lithuania in Chicago (USA) from Eichstadt-Rebdorf D. P. camp (1948-07-20).

[4.91.] Cover sent to Lithuanian D. P. camp in Meerbeck. Lithuanian Girl Scouts symbol – Rue – is depicted on the envelope (1947-10-11).

311

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

LITHUANIA

[4.92.] Postcard with Detmold stamp. Special circular cachet was used on the stamp. Postcard also sealed with Stuttgart industrial exhibition seal. 1947.

[4.93.] Card with Detmold Scouts stamps. Special cachet “The Scout Post in Germany” was used.

312

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

LITHUANIA

[4.94.] Postcard issued to commemorate the Annual Convention of the Philatelic Society Baltia. Artist – Eduardas Krasauskas. Special souvenir cachet of the Convention was used. Postcard issued in Augsburg, Germany. 1947.

[4.95.] Postcard sent from the Annual Convention of the Philatelic Society Baltia to Munich. Special cachet of the Convention was used (1947-10-05).

313

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

LITHUANIA

[4.96.] Cover sent from Oldenburg to the Baltic Camp in Hannover (1949-03-23).

[4.97.] Souvenir card and cover with Detmold and Augsburg Lithuanian Scouts stamps. Souvenir items marked by the Lithuanian Wurzburg D. P. camp postmark.

314

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

[4.99.] Postcard with special cachets and souvenir stamps of the 3rd Lithuanian Boy Scouts National Jamboree sent from Mittenwald to Schongau (1948-08-05).

LITHUANIA

[4.98.] Postcard with special cachet of the 3rd Lithuanian National Jamboree (2-14 August, 1948) sent from Mittenwald to Mettlach (1948-08-06).

[4.100.] Cover with special cachets and souvenir stamps of the 3rd Lithuanian Girl Guides National Jamboree sent from Mittenwald to Kempten (1948-08-06).

315

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

[4.102.] Postcard issued to commemorate the 3rd Lithuanian National Jamboree held at Timmendorf (3-15 August, 1948).

LITHUANIA

[4.101.] 3rd Lithuanian Scouts National Jamboree at Isar-Horn (Mittenwald). Scout Algis Tursa near camp board. Postcard issued by M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art. 2007.

[4.103.] Back side of the postcard issued to commemorate the 3rd Lithuanian National Jamboree held at Timmendorf. Postcard sent to USA (1948-07-13).

316

Lithuanian Scouts at Displaced Persons Camps in Germany, 1945-1949

[4.105.] Vignette with Lithuanian Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts symbols.

LITHUANIA

[4.104.] Vignette issued to commemorate the 3rd Lithuanian National Girl Guides Jamboree held at Mittenwald. Postcard with the same motive also exist. 1948.

[4.106.] Souvenir sheet with various Lithuanian D. P. camps post stamps and two different postmarks of Wehnen D. P. camp. 1948.

317

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile,

LITHUANIA

1950-1989

318

Lithuanian Scouts in exile fostered national identity and national values. Lithuanian Boy and Girl Scout units were founded in various cities where at least a little bit more Lithuanians were settled. By the spring of 1949, the leaders of the World Lithuanian Scouts Association operated in Chicago. The journal Skautų aidas (Scout Echo) once again began to be published in Canada in 1950. A delegation of 21 Lithuanian Scouts participated in the 7th World Scout Jamboree near Bad Ischl, Austria, in 1951. The Academic Scout Movement established the Vydūnas Fund in 1952, the purpose of which was to support Lithuanians studies as well as book publishing. In 1953, leaders of the Lithuanian Scout Association agreed to organize jubilee camps every five years between national jamborees, and every ten years, national jamborees in exile were held. In 1956, the Lithuanian pharmacist Pranas Rakas gave the Lithuanian Scouts his land located about 400 miles from Chicago. Gradually, a large Lithuanian Scout campsite was created, and various buildings were erected. The campsite was named in honor of Rakas. The World Lithuanian Scout Association changed its name to the Lithuanian Scout Association in 1957. In the 1960s, the tradition of organizing a Kaziukas Fair was born in the United States and Australia. The first fairs were held in Adelaide, Boston, Chicago and Cleveland. This tradition has remained until now. Such fairs are an opportunity to raise funds for the activities of the Lithuanian Scouts in exile. The new Statute of Lithuanian Scout Association was approved in 1962. The Academic Scout Movement was recognized as an independent third branch parallel to the Scouts brotherhood and sisterhood. The Foundation of the Lithuanian Scout Movement was established in 1975. Its aim is to use the interest of the capital raised to support the Lithuanian Scout activities and the press.

In order to remember the important dates of the Lithuanian Scouts, especially anniversaries, the Lithuanian Scouts in exile issued a lot of various philatelic items: revenue stamps, special covers, postcards, commemorative and anniversary postmarks. The majority of them were intended to commemorate various Scout camps. To commemorate some important dates of Lithuanian Scouting, foreign post offices issued special official commemorative postmarks. In 1953, the Lithuanian Scouts celebrated their 35th anniversary. For this occasion the Scout camp near Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, was organized. More than 500 Boy and Girl Scouts took part. In 1957, the world celebrated 50 years of Scouting and the 100th birthday of Lord Baden-Powell. A jubilee World Jamboree took place in Sutton Coldfield, England. To enable Lithuanian Scouts, to participate in this jamboree, a Jamboree Fund (Džiamborės fondas) was founded in Boston, MA, USA. The fund was partly financed by the sale of revenue stamps. The Lithuanian Scout units in different continents could buy stamps in the currency of the host countries (pfennigs, cents, etc.). The first set of stamps were issued on the birthday of Lord Baden-Powell on 22 February (values of 10, 20, 30 and 50), and another set of different designs were issued on 1 August (values of 5, 10, 15, 20). Lithuanians distributed these stamps around the world. These stamps were not valid for postal use, but they can be found on postal covers and postcards together with valid stamps. The fourth National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts was held at Highland, Michigan, USA, 15-30 August 1958. More than 1,000 Scouts and Guides participated at the camp and celebrated the 40th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement. In 1963, the 45th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement was celebrated in a Scout camp near Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. Over 700 Boy and Girl Scouts participated. Three revenue

stamps in the colours of the Lithuanian flag (yellow, green and red) were issued, and a special souvenir cover was produced. In 1966, the Lithuanian Scout Association had around 4,000 Boy and Girl Scouts. In 1968, the Lithuanian Scout Movement celebrated its 50th anniversary. The fifth National Jamboree was held in Rakas camp near Custer, Michigan, USA. Over 1,600 Boy and Girl Scouts participated from different countries around the world. Special cachets were produced, and a revenue stamp was issued. In 1973, the 55th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement was celebrated in a Scout camp near Beaumont, Ohio, USA. Over 700 Boy and Girl Scouts participated in the camp from 19-29 August. Special cachets were produced. In 1978, the Lithuanian Scouts in exile celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement. Two national jamboree camps were held on two different continents – Australia and North America. The first national jamboree camp took place near Melbourne at Gembrook, Victoria, Australia, from 2-15 January. Over 400 Boy and Girl Scouts participated, including about 100 foreign Scouts. For this occasion the Australian Post issued a special postmark with the text “6th WORLD LITHUANIAN SCOUT JAMBOREE, Gembrook, Vic 3783.” Special souvenir covers were issued. The second national jamboree camp took place near Paxton, Massachusetts, USA, from 13-26 August with over 800 participants. Here again, the USA Post Office issued a special postmark with the text “6th LITHUANIAN SCOUT JAMBOREE STA. PAXTON, MA 01612.” A special revenue stamp

was issued, souvenir covers and postcards were published, and special cachets were also used. In 1983, the Lithuanian Scout Movement celebrated its 65th anniversary. The jubilee camp named “Aušra” (Dawn) was held in Aurora, Ontario, Canada. Over 800 Boy and Girl Scouts participated in the camp from 31 July to 13 August. The Toronto Post Office used a special postmark with the English/French text. Special souvenir covers and cachets were produced, and a revenue stamp was issued. On 14-24 August 1988, the seventh National Jamboree took place near Kensington, Ohio, USA. Over 1,000 Boy and Girl Scouts from different countries participated in this camp. A special postmark was allowed by the United States Post. The text on postmark was “7th LITHUANIAN SCOUT JAMBOREE STA. KENSINGTON, OH 44427.” This postmark was used at the temporary post office at the camp. Special souvenir covers, postcards, and a cachet were produced. Special souvenir cachets, postcards and covers were also used to commemorate other Boy and Girl Scout camps of the Lithuanian exiles in Australia, USA, Germany, and other countries. These camps were often related to different anniversaries. The Lithuanian Scouts Association continued its activities in exile after the restoration of independence of Lithuania. Special postmarks were used to commemorate the anniversary camp at Rakas (Custer, Michigan) in 1993 and at the national Scout Jamboree in Paxton (Massachusetts, USA) in 1998. Representatives of the rebirth Scouts of Lithuania participated in these camps.

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.107.] Revenue stamps issued by the Jamboree Fund (values of 10, 20, 30 and 50). 1957.

319

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.108.] Revenue stamps issued by the Jamboree Fund (values of 5, 10, 15, 20). 1957.

[4.109.] Imperforated souvenir sheets issued by the Jamboree Fund (values of 5, 10, 15, 20). 1957.

320

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.110.] Corner stamps of the Jamboree Fund issue (values of 10, 20, 30, 50). 1957.

[4.111.] Perforated souvenir sheets issued by the Jamboree Fund (values of 10, 20, 30, 50). 1957.

321

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.112.] Imperforated blocks of the Jamboree Fund issue (values of 10, 20, 30, 50). Tête-bêche stamps. 1957.

[4.113.] Various imperforated stamps of the Jamboree Fund issue. 1957.

[4.114.] Perforated block of the Jamboree Fund issue (value of 20). 1957.

322

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.115.] Lithuanian Jamboree Fund stamps (1957) were printed together with Ukrainian Scouts and Guides commemorative stamps. The same palette of colors was used for printing these stamps. 1957.

[4.116.] Cover from the Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree held at Valley Forge (Pennsylvania) in which Lithuanian delegation participated. 1957.

323

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.117.] Souvenir postcard from the 4th National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts (Highland, Michigan, USA). 1958.

[4.118.] Different design of the souvenir postcard from the 4th National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts. Sea Scouts added their symbol instead of Vytis Cross. 1958.

[4.119.] Souvenir postcard sent from the 4th National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts to Finland (1958-08-19).

324

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.120.] Postcard of the 4th National Jamboree with Lithuanian Scouts symbols (including Sea Scouts symbol). 1958.

[4.121.] Official postcard of different design of the 4th National Jamboree of the Lithuanian Scouts (there is no symbol of the Sea Scouts in this postcard). Special Jamboree cachet was used on the postcard. 1958.

325

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.122.] Special overprint made by the Ukrainian Scouts and dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Lithuanian Boy Scouts. 1958.

[4.123.] Cover with the cachet of the Lithuanian Scouts camp Žalgiris. 1960.

[4.124.] Revenue stamps in the colors of Lithuanian flag (yellow, green and red) issued to commemorate the jubilee camp in Plymouth, Massachusetts. 1963.

326

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.126.] Revenue stamp issued to commemorate the Wolf Cubs and Birdies (Brownies) Jubilee Camp at Rakas campsite. 1963.

LITHUANIA

[4.125.] Four in line revenue stamps issued to commemorate the jubilee camp in Plymouth, Massachusetts. 1963.

[4.127.] Souvenir cover sent from Lithuanian Scouts Jubilee camp in Plymouth to Chicago (1963-08-17).

327

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.128.] Letter sent from the Lithuanian Scouts Jubilee camp (1963-08-30).

328

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.130.] Revenue stamps issued to commemorate the 5th National Jamboree in Rakas camp, Michigan, USA. 1968.

[4.131.] Special souvenir cover with sticker and cachet dedicated to the Golden Anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting sent to Chicago. 1968.

LITHUANIA

[4.129.] Postcard issued to commemorate the 45th anniversary of the Lithuanian Sea Scouts. The camp for this occasion was organized in Wasaga (Canada) on 12-27 August, 1967.

[4.132.] Envelope of Lithuanian Scouts in USA. 1968.

329

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.133.] Postcard with different cachets and revenue stamp dedicated to the Golden Anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting sent to Chicago (1968-07-08).

[4.134.] Postcard with different cachets and revenue stamp dedicated to the Golden Anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting sent to Chicago (1968-07-16).

330

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.136.] Souvenir cover with different cachets dedicated to the Golden Anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. 1968.

LITHUANIA

[4.135.] Souvenir cover with the cachet made for the 50th Anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. Cover signed by the founder of Lithuanian Scout movement – Petras JurgėlaJurgelevičius. Cover sent to Chicago (1968-11-01).

[4.137.] Souvenir cover dedicated to the Golden Anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting sent to Chicago (1968-07-13).

331

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.138.] Postcard sent from the Lithuanian Scouts camp held near Schwetzingen (Germany) on 17-31 July, 1971. The camp was held to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scouting movement in Germany.

[4.139.] Special cachets were made to commemorate the Lithuanian Scouts camp Neris in Custer (Michigan, USA) in 1971.

332

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.141.] Souvenir cover from the jubilee camp in Ingleburn (New South Wales, Australia). The camp was held on 1-13 January, 1973. The camp commemorated the 25th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting in Australia.

LITHUANIA

[4.140.] Souvenir cover with special round cachet dedicated to the Australian Lithuanian the Scouts camp Nemunas organized in Wonga Park, Melbourne on 2-13 January, 1971.

[4.142.] Souvenir cover of Lithuanian Scouts Camp in Adelaide (Australia) held on 3-13 January, 1975.

333

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.143.] Souvenir postcard from the jubilee camp in Beaumont, Ohio, USA. The camp was held for the 55th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. Special cachets were used on the postcard. Postcard sent to Australia (1973-08-27).

[4.144.] Souvenir postcard from the jubilee camp in Beaumont, Ohio, USA. Special cachets were used on the postcard. Postcard sent to Chicago (1973-08-28).

334

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.145.] Covers with the emblem of the Lithuanian Scouts camp Lituanica at RAKAS campsite in Custer, Michigan, USA. Covers sent to Chicago. 1974.

[4.146.] Cover with special cachet of the camp “AUŠROS VARTŲ SUTARTINĖ” (campsite RAKAS, Custer, Michigan, USA). Cover sent to Burlingham. 1975.

335

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.147.] Cover with various cachets of Lithuanian Scouts camps and groups. Cover sent to Chicago. 1975.

[4.148.] Cover with cachets of the Lithuanian Scouts camps Žalgiris and Aušros vartai. Cover sent to Chicago (1976-07-10).

[4.149.] Special cachet produced for the troop leaders meeting of the Lithuanian Scouts Association in 1976.

336

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.151.] Souvenir cover from the 6th Lithuanian Scout Jamboree in Paxton, Massachusetts, USA. Special postmark and cachet were used. 1978.

LITHUANIA

[4.150.] Souvenir cover from the 6th World Lithuanian Scout Jamboree in Australia. Special postmark was used. 1978.

[4.152.] Cover with postmarks of the Australian post and USA post dedicated to the 6th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree. 1978.

337

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.154.] Block of four revenue stamps of the 60 anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. 1978.

LITHUANIA

[4.153.] Postcard sent from the 6th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree in Paxton (Massachusetts) to Chicago. Special postmark and cachet were used (1978-08-13).

[4.155.] Souvenir cover with postmarks of the Australian post and USA post dedicated to the 6th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree. 1978.

338

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.157.] Revenue stamps issued to commemorate the 60th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting, 1978.

[4.158.] Souvenir cover from the 6th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree in Paxton, Massachusetts, USA. Special postmark and cachet were used. 1978.

LITHUANIA

[4.156.] Souvenir cover from the 6th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree in Paxton, Massachusetts, USA. Special postmark used on Scouts post stamps issued in USA. 1978.

[4.159.] Souvenir cover sent from the 6th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree in Paxton (Massachusetts, USA) to Australia (1978-08-18).

339

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.160.] Souvenir postcard dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. View of camp Romuva in Canada. Photo by V. Bacevičius. Cleveland, 1978.

[4.161.] Souvenir postcard dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. Lithuanian Scouts in Australia. Photo by V. Bacevičius. Cleveland, 1978.

[4.162.] Souvenir postcard dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. Photo by V. Bacevičius. Cleveland, 1978.

340

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.163.] Cover of Lithuanian Scouts Association sent to Australia (1978-02-22).

[4.164.] Cover with cachet of Lithuanian Girl Scouts camp Gija sent to Chicago (1979-07-14).

341

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.165.] Revenue stamp of Saint Casimir (1458-1484), patron saint of Lithuania and youth. Issue of Lithuanian Scouts in Exile.

[4.166.] Envelopes made by Lithuanian Wolf Cubs for traditional “Kaziukas fair.” This fair is an opportunity for them to gather finance for Scouting activities.

342

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.167.] Postcard depicting Scout camp. Boston.

[4.168.] Cover dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouts campsite “Rakas.” Special cachet was used. Cover sent to Chicago (1981-07-20).

343

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.169.] Revenue stamps issued to commemorate the 65th Jubilee of Lithuanian Scouting, 1983.

[4.170.] Special slogan postmark of the Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree in Aurora (Ontario, C anada) used on the postcard of the 15th World Scout Jamboree, which was held at Alberta, Canada on 4-14 July, 1983.

[4.171.] Souvenir cover from the 65th Jubilee of the Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree in Aurora. Cover sent to Chicago (1983-07-31).

344

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.172.] Souvenir postcard of the 65th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. Photo by V. Bacevičius. Cleveland. Postcard with special cachet sent to Chicago (1983-07-15).

345

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

[4.173.] Souvenir postcard of the 65th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. Postcard depicts Lithuanian Scout stamps and pennants. Photo by V. Bacevičius. Cleveland. Postcard with special cachets sent to Chicago (1983-07-31).

346

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.174.] Cover with cachet of the Lithuanian Scouts camp Šventaragis. Cover sent to Chicago (1987-08-22).

[4.175.] 16th World Scouting Jamboree souvenir cover marked by the special postmark and cachet of the 7th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree. 1988.

347

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.176.] Special postmark of the 7th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree. 1988.

[4.177.] Souvenir cover dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. Special postmark was used by the United States Post. 1988.

[4.178.] Souvenir cover addressed to Lithuania from the 7th National Scouts Jamboree held in Kensington, Ohio, USA. Special postmark and cachet were used. 1988.

348

Lithuanian Scouts in Exile, 1950-1989

LITHUANIA

[4.179.] Postcard from the 7th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree held in Kensington (Ohio, USA) on 14-24 August, 1988.

[4.180.] Postcard from the 7th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree held in Kensington, Ohio, USA. 1988.

349

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in

LITHUANIA

1990

350

The revival of the Lithuanian Scouts in Lithuania started together with the revival of the nation and activities of the Lithuanian Sąjūdis (The Movement for Independence). The headquarter of the Recovery of the Lithuanian Scout Association was formed in Vilnius on 14 November 1988. On 2930 April 1989 the Revival Congress of the Lithuanian Scout Association was held in Vilnius. Feliksas Šakalys was elected as the Chairman of the Scout Council. Scouting activities restarted. The journal Skautų aidas started to be published again. The number of Scouts increased in various cities, and leader trainings were organized. Lithuanian exiles supported the restored Scout Movement in Lithuania as much as possible. Some Lithuanian Scouts participated at the World Scout Jamboree in Korea in 1991. However, the revived Lithuanian Scouts have not remained united. In 1992, after the second Lithuanian Scout Association Congress in Kaunas, the Scouts split into two parts. Other Scout organizations were established. In March 1991, Žemaitijos skautų organizacija (Samogitian Scout Organization) was formed, and in April 1992, the Lithuanian National Association of European Scouts was founded, which, in the same year, became a member of the Federation of European Scouting. Activities also started the Lithuanian Polish (Harcerstwa) Scout Association and the Visaginas Scout organization. The fragmentation of Scouting and the absence of a solid national Scout organization forbade the Lithuanian Scouts to become members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1992. In 1993, the Lithuanian Scout Movement celebrated its 75th anniversary. Jubilee camps were held in two places: Kunigiškės, Palanga, and Gulbinai near Vilnius. The jubilee camp “Lituanica” was held in Palanga on 3-10 July. A special cachet was produced to commemorate the event. About

900 Boy and Girl Scouts participated at the camp in Palanga, and about 400 at the camp in Gulbinai. A jubilee camp was also held in Custer (Michigan, USA) on 31 June-11 August 1993. The camp had a special postmark issued by the USA post. For this occasion the Lithuanian Post produced a special cover with a triangular postmark. The text on postmark said, “LIETUVOS SKAUTŲ SĄJUNGAI 75“ (75 Years For the Lithuanian Scout Association). This postmark was used at the Vilnius Central Post Office. Another Scout congress was held in Vilnius in 1994. Various camps were organized during the summer, and various training occurred during the wintertime. Little by little, relationships with various foreign Scout organizations were established. The number of Scout literature and publications increased. Scouts from different regions of Lithuania, as well as Scout groups or troops, produced various small-circulation newsletters, e. g. the Šiauliai city Scouts of the Samogitian Scout organization issued the Scout newspaper Dievui, Tėvynei, Artimui! (For God, For Homeland, For Neighbor!, editor D. Liutikas) in 1994. Thirty-five Lithuanian Boy and Girl Scouts participated in the World Scout Jamboree in Holland in 1995. Finally, the majority of Lithuanian Scouts united in 1996. On 23-24 November, the Convention of the Leaders of the Lithuanian Scouts (Unity Convention) was held in Kaunas. The majority of Lithuanian Scouts bunched themselves into an organization named Lietuvos Skautija (Lithuanian Scouting). The new organization had 3,000 Boy and Girl Scouts, 250 Scout leaders and nearly 140 troops. A new constitution was adopted, and new National Council was elected. The convention had a special cachet, which was used on the covers or postcards. On 25 July 1997 Lithuanian Scouting became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.

In 1998, the Lithuanian Scouts celebrated their 80th anniversary. A National Jamboree was held in Nemunaitis (Alytus Region) on 17-27 July. About 2,000 Boy and Girl Scouts participated at this jamboree. Special cachets were made to commemorate this event. Another Lithuanian Scout organization operating in Lithuania, the Lithuanian Scout Association held a National Jamboree in Valakampiai near Vilnius during the same year. The Lithuanian Scout Association in exile organized a jamboree in Paxton, Massachusetts, USA on 8-21 August 1998. To commemorate the 85th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement, Lithuanian Scouting organized the jubilee camp “Skilties dvasia” (Spirit of Patrol) in Plateliai in 2003. Over 1,200 Boy and Girl Scouts participated in this camp. The 90th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement was marked by the national jamboree “Legenda tęsiasi” (The Legend Continues), in which about 1,000 Scouts participated. The jamboree was organized on the island of Lake Dūburys (Zarasai Region) on 12-20 July 2008. Jubilee camps were also organized by the Lithuanian Scout Association (operating in Lithuania). In 2003, a jamboree was held in Trakai near Totoriškis Lake, and in 2008, near Akmena Lake in Trakai Region. The latter camp was named “Draugystės ugnis” (Fire of Friendship) and was organized together with some other Scout organizations. All Lithuanian Scout organizations jointly organized a jubilee camp of Lithuanian Scouts in 2013. The camp named “Gėrio pėdomis” (At the Footsteps of Kindness…) was held on 6-14 July 2013 near Lake Mastis in Telšiai. About 2,000 Boy and Girl Scouts from various Lithuanian Scout organizations participated in this camp. The Lithuanian Scout Association in Exile organized the jubilee camp “Viltis” (The Hope) at Camp Manatoc, Ohio, USA. The camp was held on 7-17 August 2013. A special post stamp and souvenir cover were issued. Since 2006, various Lithuanian Scout organizations have participated in the Round Table Meetings. Apart from the Lithuanian Scouting and the Lithuanian Scout Association (Lithuania), other Lithuanian Scout organizations have been involved: the Lithuanian Sea Scouts, the Lithuanian Scouts Sisterhood, the Lithuania Adult Scout Community, the Lithuanian National Association of European Scouts, the Student Scout corporation “Vytis” and Academic Girl Scouts troop, the Boy and Girl

Scouts of the Lithuanian Young Christians’ Association, the Lithuanian Polish (Harcerstwa) Scout Association, and the Samogitian Scout organization. In 2007, Lithuania, together with the entire world, celebrated 100 years of Scouting. The twenty-first World Scout Jamboree was held in England, near Chelmsford (50 km northeast from London). Forty Girl and Boy Scouts from Lithuania participated in this jamboree. Many countries issued post stamps dedicated to the anniversary of the Scout Movement in that year. The Lithuanian Post also issued two post stamps dedicated to the Scout Centenary. Two EUROPA stamps of Scouting were issued on 14 April 2007. Their nominal value was 1.7 Lt each. The designer of the stamps was V. Jasanauskas, and the edition ran 200,000. Stamps were issued in small sheets, 5 stamps were arranged in two rows down. Ten stamps occupied one sheet; the corners of the sheet were set with inscriptions and decorations. Symbols of the Lithuanian Scout Association – the lily and rue – were depicted on one stamp, and on another stamp were the symbols of WOSM. On 14 April 2007, the Central Office of the Lithuanian Post in Vilnius used a special postmark of the first day. The symbol of the World Scouts – a lily – was depicted on the postmark. A Special First Day Cover and souvenir leaflet were also issued. On the main side of the First Day Cover is a picture from 1933, when Scout founder Lord Robert Baden-Powell and his wife Olave met Lithuanian Scout Chief president Antanas Smetona and his wife Sofia in Palanga. On the other side of the cover is the image of the welcoming of Robert Baden-Powell at the Scout camp in Palanga. Stamps and the first day postmark, photos of Baden-Powell and Lithuanian Scout founder Petras Jurgėla-Jurgelevičius were included in the souvenir leaflet. There is also a text with a short introduction of Scout history. In 2012, Dr. Darius Liutikas published the book Skautai. Dievui, Tėvynei, Artimui! Skautybė pašto ženkluose (Scouts. For God, For Homeland, For Neighbour! Scouting on Post Stamps). This book is illustrated with more than 1200 Scout topic post stamps and covers from more than 240 countries and regions. The book introduces readers with the history, values and activities of the Scout Movement.

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

351

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.181.] Special souvenir cover dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Association. Triangular postmark was valid on 3 July 1993.

352

[4.182.] Special souvenir cover dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Association sent to Latvia (1993-07-03).

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.184.] Special souvenir cover dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement with two different cachets. 1993.

LITHUANIA

[4.183.] Postcard with red cachet dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement. 1993.

[4.185.] Cover with two different cachets. Red cachet dedicated to the jubilee camp Lituanica in Palanga. 1993.

353

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.186.] Commemorative cover with cachet of the jubilee camp Lituanica in Palanga. Lithuanian Post, 1993.

[4.187.] Cover with cachet of the Lithuanian Scout Association Jubilee camp in Gulbinai. 1993.

354

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.188.] Sticker used on envelopes dedicated to commemorate the National Jamboree of the Lithuanian Scout Association organized in Valakupiai. 1998.

LITHUANIA

[4.189.] Souvenir cover sent from the jubilee camp Lituanica (“Rakas” campsite, Custer, Michigan) to Australia (1993-08-10).

[4.190.] Cover with cachet and postmark sent from the jubilee camp Lituanica (“Rakas” campsite, Custer, Michigan) to Palos Park (1993-08-09).

355

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.191.] Special cachet made to commemorate the Convention of the Leaders of Lithuanian Scouts in Kaunas. The convention was held at 23-24 November, 1996.

[4.192.] Special cover with cachet dedicated to the Convention of the Leaders of Lithuanian Scouts in Kaunas. 1996.

[4.193.] Souvenir cover with special cachet of Lithuanian Scouts National Jamboree in Nemunaitis. 1998.

356

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.194.] Souvenir cover with special cachet sent from the Lithuanian Scouts National Jamboree in Nemunaitis to USA (1998-07-16).

[4.195.] Special souvenir cover with special cachet sent from the Lithuanian Scouts National Jamboree in Nemunaitis to Austria (1998-07-25).

357

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.196.] Special cachets used to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting. 1998.

[4.197.] Cover with special cachet dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scouts Association. 1998.

[4.198.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Association. 1998.

358

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.200.] Envelope made for the Convention of Lithuanian Scouting in Kaunas. 21-22 November, 1998.

LITHUANIA

[4.199.] Special cachet made for the Convention of Lithuanian Scouting. The convention took place in Kaunas on 21-22 November, 1998.

[4.201.] Registered cover with special cachet dedicated to 80th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting and cachet dedicated to registration of Lithuanian Scouting in WOSM. Cover sent to Palanga (1999-10-11).

359

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.202.] Souvenir cover with two different cachets. One of them dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the restoration activities of Lithuanian Scouting in the Fatherland. 1999.

[4.203.] Souvenir cover with special cachet dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the restoration activities of Lithuanian Scouting in the Fatherland. 1999.

360

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.205.] Cover with the special cachet “Laimingų Naujųjų metų” (Happy New Year). Cachet designer S. Bladžius. 1999.

LITHUANIA

[4.204.] Special envelope made for the Lithuanian Scouts camp in Melbourne (Australia) Eukalipto šešėly held on 2-11 January, 1997.

[4.206.] Cover with special revenue stamp dedicated to R. Baden-Powell. Revenue stamp was made by FILOP philatelic organization in 2002. Cover sent to Vilnius (2003-08-16).

361

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.207.] Cover with a special cachet for Balttreff 2002, Baltic Gathering of International Scouts and Guides Fellowship. The gathering was held in Trakai on 4-8 September, 2002.

[4.208.] A special cachet was made to commemorate Balttreff 2002, the Baltic Gathering of International Scouts and Guides Fellowship. This is a worldwide organization for adults, former Scouts and Guides, and adults who believe in Scout ideals. Cover sent to Latvia (2002-09-06).

362

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.209.] Cover with the seal of the Brotherhood of Lithuanian Scouts Association. 2005.

[4.210.] Cover with the sticker of R. Baden-Powell. Photo of R. Baden-Powell is depicted during his visit at Palanga in 1933. Cover sent to Vilnius (2007-04-14).

363

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.212.] Special postmark used by Lithuanian Post on 14 April 2007. Postmark together with the issued post stamps were dedicated to the 100 year anniversary of World Scout Movement (2007-04-14).

LITHUANIA

[4.211.] EUROPA post stamps dedicated to the Scout Centenary. Designer V. Jasanauskas. Lithuanian Post. 2007.

[4.213.] Souvenir sheets of Scouts post stamps issued for the Scouts Centenary. Lithuanian Post. 2007.

364

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.214.] Souvenir booklet dedicated to the Centenary of the Scout Movement. Lithuanian Post. 2007.

[4.215.] Cover with post stamps and postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the World Scout Movement. 2007.

365

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.216.] Cover with Lithuanian post stamps and postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the World Scout Movement. Cover designer A. R. Šakalys. 2007.

[4.217.] Cover with Lithuanian post stamps and postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the World Scout Movement. Cover designer A. R. Šakalys. 2007.

[4.218.] Cover with Lithuanian post stamps and postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the World Scout Movement. Cover designer A. R. Šakalys. 2007.

366

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.219.] Cover with the special post stamp dedicated to the 9th National Jamboree held in Ohio on 9-19 August, 2008.

[4.220.] Special souvenir cover of the Lithuanian Scouts Association in Exile jubilee camp Viltis sent from USA to Lithuania. Special post stamps were issued for this camp. The camp was held at Manatoc (Ohio, USA) on 7-17 August 2013.

367

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.221.] Book cover of D. Liutikas book Skautai. Dievui, Tėvynei, Artimui! Skautybė pašto ženkluose (Scouts. To God, to Homeland, to Neighbour! Scouting on Post Stamps). Published by the Community of Lithuanian Pilgrims. 2011.

[4.222.] Postcard sent from the Lithuanian Scout Jubilee Jamboree in Telšiai to Vilnius (2013-07-10).

368

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.223.] Used post stamp issued by the Lithuanian Scouts Association for the 85th anniversary of the journal Skautų Aidas. USA, 2009.

[4.224.] Program of the 85th anniversary of the journal Skautų aidas. Lemont, Il. (2009-11-14).

369

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

LITHUANIA

[4.225.] Special souvenir cover sent from the Lithuanian Scouts Jubilee Jamboree “Gėrio pėdomis…” (Following Kindness) in Telšiai to Vilnius (2013-07-10).

[4.226.] Special souvenir cover sent from the Lithuanian Scouts Jubilee Jamboree in Telšiai to Vilnius (2013-07-10).

370

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.228.] Envelope with Lithuanian president, Rover Scout Valdas Adamkus. 2000 year was declared Year of the Youth. Envelope designer A. R. Šakalys. 2000.

LITHUANIA

[4.227.] Envelope with Lithuanian Scout leader Pranas Žižmaras (19071944). Envelope designer A. R. Šakalys.

[4.229.] Envelope dedicated to the 90th anniversary of publicist and writer, Scout Vilius Bražėnas (1913-2010). Envelope designer A. R. Šakalys. 2003.

371

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.230.] Envelopes inviting the Lithuanian Government to give more attention to the Scout Movement. Envelopes designer A. R. Šakalys.

372

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.231.] Envelopes inviting the Lithuanian Government to give more attention to the Scout Movement. Envelopes designer A. R. Šakalys. 2011.

373

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.232.] Postcards issued for Christmas and New Year Holidays. Lithuanian Scouting.

374

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.233.] Postcards issued for Christmas and New Year Holidays. Lithuanian Scouting.

375

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.234.] Postcards issued for Christmas and New Year Holidays. Lithuanian Scouting.

376

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts after the Restoration of Independence in 1990

[4.235.] Postcards issued for Christmas and New Year Holidays. Lithuanian Scouting.

377

LITHUANIA

The Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts The Centenary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement was celebrated in 2018. Three Jamborees of Lithuanian Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts were organized on three different continents. The first was organized near Melbourne, Australia on 2-12 January 2018. About 200 Boy and Girl Scouts including 30 from Lithuania celebrated the Centenary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement in this camp. The main Jamboree “Laužų karta” (Bonfire generation) was organized in Rumšiškės, near Kaunas, on 14-21 July. The camp place is in the territory of the Open-Air Museum of Lithuania. This museum is one of the largest (195 ha) ethnographic open-air museums in Europe. Different programs were made for Scouts and Guides of various ages. More than 3000 participants were expected at this Jamboree. The third jamboree was organized near Custer (Michigan) in USA on 29 July - 8 August. The Lithuanian Post issued a special post stamp for the Centenary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement. The stamp was issued on 30 March 2018. The stamp designer was Darius Laumenis, and the denomination was 0.52 EUR. The post stamp depicts a joyful moment of the Scout camp. 20,000 copies of the stamp were issued. On 30 March, the Central Office of the Lithuanian Post

[4.236.] Post stamp dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Lithuanian Scout Movement. Lithuanian Post. 2018.

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used a special First Day Cover, and the mail was marked by special postmark. The emblem of the National Jamboree “Laužų karta” was depicted on the First Day Cover. The emblem of the Centenary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement was created in 2016. The designer was Sigita Penikaitė. The artist Antanas Rimantas Šakalys created 30 envelope series “Lithuanian Scouting History,” which was dedicated to the Centenary of Lithuanian Scouting. The comprehensive book on the history of Lithuanian Scouting from 1986-2018 was prepared for this event. Other different Scouting events were organized and will be organized in Lithuania in 2018. St. George Day in Vilnius was organized on 21 April 2018. The celebration included a Scout parade, a solemn formation and a concert. Various exhibitions dedicated to Lithuanian Scout history were also organized. A Traditional Scouts’ Song Contest and various treks were arranged. Darius Liutikas presented a philatelic exhibition “100 Years for the Lithuanian Scout Movement.” This exhibition was held in Evora (Portugal) at the “Euro Scout 2018” event. It was also exhibited in Chicago (USA) and several places in Lithuania. At the end of the year, a scientific conference on Scouting values will be organized.

[4.237.] Special first day postmark dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Lithuanian Scout Movement. Lithuanian Post. 2018.

Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts

[4.239.] First Day Cover dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Lithuanian Scout Movement. Lithuanian Post. 2018.

LITHUANIA

[4.238.] Block of post stamps dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Lithuanian Scout Movement. Lithuanian Post. 2018.

[4.240.] First Day Cover dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Lithuanian Scout Movement sent to Šiauliai (2018-03-30).

379

Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts

LITHUANIA

[4.241.] Cover with the emblem of the Centenary of Lithuanian Scout Movement and special postmark sent to Šiauliai (2018-03-30).

[4.242.] First Day Cover dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement with the special commemorative label. Cover sent to Vilnius (2018-03-30).

380

Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts

LITHUANIA

[4.243.] Registered cover dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement sent to Vilnius (2018-03-30).

[4.244.] Registered cover dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement sent to Vilnius (2018-03-30).

381

Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts

Logo of Centenary of Lithuanian Scouting created by S. Penikas.

LITHUANIA

Founder of Scouting in Lithuania Petras Jurgėla (1901-1992).

Founder of Scouting Lord R. Baden-Powell.

[4.245.] Envelopes No. 1-3 from the series “Lithuanian Scouting History.” Artist A. R. Šakalys. 2016

382

Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts

Scout uniform.

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian Scouts pins.

Lithuanian Scouts orders.

[4.246.] Envelopes No. 4-6 from the series “Lithuanian Scouting History.” Artist A. R. Šakalys. 2016.

383

Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts

Welcome of R. Baden-Powell in Palanga.

Opening of Lithuanian National Jamboree in 1938.

Scouts camp near Veliuona.

Pranas Žižmaras (1907-1944) – Scout leader in Vilnius region.

Lithuanian Scouts near Gediminas Mount in Vilnius which was occupied by Poland.

LITHUANIA

R. Baden-Powell with his wife Olave and Lithuanian President A. Smetona with his wife Sofija in Palanga in 1933.

[4.247.] Envelopes No. 7-12 from the series “Lithuanian Scouting History.” Artist A. R. Šakalys. 2016

384

Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts

Vilnius Scouts near the “Three Crosses” monument (1927).

Vilius Bražėnas – publicist and Scout.

Baltic Scouts camp in Germany (1948).

Lithuanian Scouts jamboree in Timmendorf (Germany, 1948).

Scout V. Bražėnas in Lithuanian Scouts camp in USA (2000).

LITHUANIA

Dr. Jonas Basanavičius – honorary member of King Gediminas Scout group in Vilnius.

[4.248.] Envelopes No. 13-18 from the series “Lithuanian Scouting History.” Artist A. R. Šakalys. 2016.

385

Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts

Leader characteristic training at the Scout camps.

Lithuanian Wolf Cubs.

Young Beavers - future Sea Scouts.

Lithuanian Scouts camp in USA (1969).

Lithuanian Girl Scouts.

LITHUANIA

Scout, prof. A. A. Avižienis.

[4.249.] Envelopes No. 19-24 from the series “Lithuanian Scouting History.” Artist A. R. Šakalys. 2016.

386

Centenary of Lithuanian Scouts

Order of Scout group “Valdovų rūmai.”

Preparation of tea at the Scouts camp.

Scout trek “In the footsteps of Vytautas Magnus.”

At the ceremony of the Scout Promise.

100 years for Lithuanian Scouts.

LITHUANIA

Young Scouts with flag bearers and their leader R. Simonaitis.

[4.250.] Envelopes No. 25-30 from the series “Lithuanian Scouting History.” Artist A. R. Šakalys. 2016.

387

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms Airmail – Mail carried or partly carried by air. Some postage stamps, envelopes, postal cards and aerograms specially designed for airmail use. Usually, air labels or stickers (“Par Avion”, “By airmail”, and others) are used.

[5.1.] Registered cover sent by air mail from Great Britain to Lithuania (2014-0814).

GLOSSARY

Block – A group of four or more unseparated stamps, arranged in at least two rows (two stamps both vertically and horizontally), and taken from any place of the sheet. The blocks also consist of post stamps, compiled in two rows on a sheet and having a single element of the drawing. A block of four stamps is the most common. In these blocks, four identical postage stamps (2x2) are separated from any place of the sheet. A block of four stamps separated from the corner of the sheet is called a corner block. A plate number block is the block of stamps from the corner or side of the sheet including the selvage and having the number(s) of the plate(s) used to print the sheet.

388

[5.2.] A block of four stamps. Brazil, 1960.

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Bogus stamps – A completely fictitious, worthless stamplike label created to sell to collectors. It also could include labels for nonexistent values added to regularly issued sets, issues for nations or regions without postal systems.

Lithuania, 2008

Estonia, 2013

[5.3.] Bogus stamps related with Lithuanian Scout Movement.

[5.4.] Circular cachet on the cover dedicated to the First National Boy Scouts Jamboree in the Philippines. 1954.

GLOSSARY

Cachet – A specially designed mark or seal usually with an inscription or slogan. Usually used on covers and postcards. A cachet is different than a cancellation or pre-printed postage. Could be official (issued by postal authorities) or private. Usually a cachet corresponds to the design of the postage stamp, envelope or informs about some special events. Various special cachets can be placed on covers, their inform about form or type of the letter, etc. (Registered, Par Avion, Express, Priority). Labels and stickers are also used for this special information.

389

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Cancellation – A postal marking applied so the use of the postage stamp is not allowed a second time. Usually, a calendar round postmark is used for this purpose, but winding machine lines may also be used. Sometimes, postage stamps are cancelled on purpose and sold to philatelists for collecting purposes. Sometimes, the philatelists seek to buy both “clean” and cancelled postage stamps. When cancelled post stamps are collected, it is necessary to ensure that the cancellation does not damage the overall image of the stamp and the date of cancellation should be seen. There are cases in which the cancelled post stamps are valued more than unused stamps.

Ireland, 1977

USA, 1950

Malaysia, 1974 [5.5.] Mint and cancelled post stamps.

GLOSSARY

Collectors – (in Latin, collectio – set) People who collect and systematize various human made or natural objects. Collectors experience the joy of discovery, and their collections often become important objects from the viewpoint of cognition, aesthetics or science.

[5.6.] Postcard. Scout and Guide Stamps Club. 1995.

390

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Cover – An envelope or package with the stamp and/or address. Usually, postage stamps are cancelled in the covers. Some covers have special postmarks or cachets. The picture on the cover could resemble a postal stamp or commemorate the event or anniversary.

[5.7.] Cover sent from Canada to USA (1955-08-20).

GLOSSARY

[5.8.] Cover of the 10th EuroScout meeting in Denmark. Cover sent to Lithuania (2014-08-10).

[5.9.] Cover of the 11th EuroScout meeting in Austria. Cover sent to Lithuania (2016-05-27).

391

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

First day cover (FDC) –An envelope with a cancelled postal stamp or stamps on its/their first day of issue. Usually, a special envelope with the corresponding illustration is prepared for this purpose. Special first day postmarks with the text “Premier Jour” (“First Day” in French) are usually produced and used for philatelic purposes. Often, these postmarks refer to the city in which the stamp is first put into circulation.

[5.10.] First Day Cover of Boy Scouts Jamboree in Japan. 1956.

GLOSSARY

[5.11.] First Day Cover of Bhutan Boy Scouts. 1967.

[5.12.] First day Cover of the 7th Pan Arab Jamboree held in Libya.

392

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Forgeries (fakes) – Fraudulent post stamps, postmarks or covers made for profit purposes. Sometimes, existing postage stamps are rearranged (an unofficial text is printed or an official reprint is faked), or the colour of the postal stamp is changed. The most expensive post stamps are reprinted. Faked postmarks referring to the originals are made. Occasionally, post stamps are also issued for non-existing countries.

[5.13.] Forged postmark and cachet of the Lithuanian Girl Scouts National Jamboree in Pažaislis, 1938.

[5.14.] Maximum card. Portugal, 2007.

[5.15.] Maximum card. Czechoslovakia. 1969.

GLOSSARY

Maximum card (maxicard) – A picture postcard, cancel, and a postal stamp presenting compatibility or concordance. The postal stamp is usually placed on the picture side of the card and tied by the related cancellation. Usually, the first day of issue postmark or cachet is used. The highest possible concordance between the postage stamp, postcard, and the postmark could be in the subject, place or time.

393

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Overprint – Any printing over the original completed design of a stamp. When the realization of new stamps is not possible in the time frame, stamps that are already in circulation are supplemented with a new inscription, e.g. the anniversary of Scouting. By changing the postal rates of the currency of the country, it is possible to overprint the value shown on the post stamps. This kind of overprint is also called a surcharge. Post stamps are often overprinted with special marks when a country loses its independence.

Philippines, 1961

Philippines, 1979

[5.16.] Different overprints on Philippines Scout post stamps.

Perforation – A series of holes bored or punched through a sheet in order to facilitate the separation of postage stamps. Circular holes are usually punched through the perforation, but they can also be quadrilateral, square, angled or various other lines. The first post stamps were not perforated. They were simply cut out of a sheet. Today, non-perforated post stamps can also be released. Occasionally, the same series of both perforated and non-perforated post stamps are issued. Sometimes, a souvenir sheet has an imitation perforation marked with black dots.

GLOSSARY

Brazil, 1960

Bhutan, 1967 [5.17.] Perforated and non-perforated post stamps.

394

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Philately – (in Greek, phileo – love, ateleia – exemption from taxation) The study of post stamps and postal history, also the collecting of philatelic products (post stamps, sheets, special postmarks, covers, or postal cards). Philatelic products can be classified according to various attributes. Depending on the initiator of the release, they can be divided into official, semi-official, and unofficial ones. The official items are those issued by the central postal administration of any country. Semi-official are issued by various organizations, in agreement with the country’s central postal administration, and unofficial items are issued without the permission of the postal administration.

Uganda, 1991

GLOSSARY

Uganda, 1987

[5.18.] Sets of post stamps.

395

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Post stamp (postage stamp) – Usually, a small piece of adhesive paper of certain value for use as evidence of prepayment of postage. Today, post stamps could be very different. They can be in the form of various geometric shapes (rectangle, square, triangle, circle, hexagon, or irregular configurations). The most common elements of the post stamps are the following: 1) perforation, 2) a background with a drawing, 3) informative text, 4) the name of the country, 5) the nominal value and monetary unit, 6) a border, 7) the year of issue, 8) the name, surname or initials of the artist or publisher (in small script), and 9) jubilee date. Post stamps also could be imprinted on the cover or postcard. The size of the post stamp is also different. In most cases, the post stamp ranges from 10 to 60 mm in different directions. Most post stamps are made of paper, but they can also be made of plastic, wood, or the like. Many older postage stamps feature watermarks that are extracted in the production of paper. Postage stamps can be printed in a variety of methods (intaglio, offset lithography, or letterpress). During production, the second side of the stamp is applied with glue. The adhesive layer of unused stamps should not be damaged, cracked, greased, and fingerprints can not be seen on it. Postage stamp stickers are also becoming more common. The other side of these post stamps is protected by an extra layer of paper.

GLOSSARY

Barbados, 1978

Norfolk Island, 1978 [5.19.] Post stamps of various shapes.

396

Tonga, 1980

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Postcard (post card) – A card made of paper on which a message could be written without an envelope. Usually, postcards have a picture on one side and space for text on the other. Sometimes the picture and space for text is designed on one side of the postcard. The sender has to use a stamp to mail the postcard. Postal cards differ from postcards, they have a stamp imprint in the upper right corner. Postal cards are produced by the relevant postal authority.

[5.20.] Postcard. Hungary, 1938.

GLOSSARY

Postmark – A postal marking made on covers, postcards, or letters. It usually indicates date and post office location. Postmarks could be made by hand or by machines. Postmarks help to control when and where the correspondence is sent.

[5.21.] Postmarks on cover. Libya, 1964-07-24.

397

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Proofs – A trial print of postage stamps before the actual stamp production. Proofs are made to examine the printing plate or die for defects and to compare the results using different inks.

Original

Proofs

Original

Proofs

[5.22.] Proofs of Gabon (1966) and South Vietnam (1959) post stamps.

GLOSSARY

Registered mail – Mail with a numbered receipt aiming for full or part compensation if the mail is lost. Registration cachets or registration labels were used indicating the registry number, date and place of origin for registered items. Some countries have issued special postage stamps for registered mail. Today, registration is computerized; usually, barcode registration labels are used.

398

[5.23.] Registered cover sent from USA to Lithuania (2012-10-18).

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Revenue stamps (Cinderella stamp) – Virtually resembling real post stamps, but they usually don’t have the name of the country and/or value inscription. Some revenue stamps could be officially issued by governmental agencies, but the majority of them are not used for postal purposes. Charity labels seek to increase the charity’s funds; advertising or information labels try to draw attention to a product, event, or anniversary. Often, the design of these informational stamps includes the name of the issuing organization or the purpose of stamp release.

[5.24.] Boy Scout Charity Stamp. Hungary, 1927.

[5.25.] Charity Stamp. Hungary. 1927.

[5.26.] Stamp of Australasian Jamboree, Sydney. 29 December 1938 – 9 January 1939.

[5.27.] Revenue stamp from the National Scout camp in Netherlands, 1950.

GLOSSARY

[5.28.] Revenue stamps of Polish Scouts (Harcerska post).

399

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Rocket mail – Mail flown in a rocket (or missile), even if only for a short distance. Special covers, cachets, or labels usually have a note that the mail was carried on a rocket. The rocket usually lands by deploying an internal parachute upon arrival.

[5.29.] Mail carrying rocket “Daniel Beard.” Guyana. 1991.

GLOSSARY

[5.30.] Cover addressed to USA was flown on rocket “Daniel Beard.” 1960.

400

[5.31.] Souvenir sheet was flown on rocket “BadenPowell II.” 1960.

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Semi postal stamp (charity stamp) – A postal stamp from which part or all of the sales profits go to charity or other causes. Usually, these stamps are sold at a greater price than their postage value. Sometimes recognized by the presence of two different values, separated by “+” sign on a single stamp.

Romania, 1936

Indonesia, 1955 [5.32.] Semi postal stamps.

Series of post stamps – A group of stamps with similar characteristics. The similarity could be design and layout, theme, and subject of the postage stamps. The series are released over a period of time. Long lasting series could be issued. They represent natural or cultural objects of the country, famous people, various symbols (coat of arms, awards, or flags), or important issues of daily life. The Central Post Office usually orders the theme and purpose of the post stamp, and the artist has to present it creatively and visually. Europa stamps are special stamps issued by European postal administrations and have Europa logo. Common design or theme selected every year. Common theme of 2007 was Scout Centenary.

Moldova, 2007

Monaco, 2007

France, 2007

GLOSSARY

Finland, 2007

Italia, 2007 [5.33.] Post stamps of Europa series. 2007.

401

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Set of stamps – A group of stamps which has common design elements or themes, often issued at one time.

Congo, 1982

Nevis, 1982

GLOSSARY

Laos, 1973

Qatar, 1969 [5.34.] Different sets of stamps.

402

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

[5.35.] Sheet of stamps. Nicaragua, 1949.

GLOSSARY

Sheet – A complete unit of stamps as printed. Sheets usually consist of 10 to 100 pieces of post stamps. Small sheets consist from 4 to 12 pieces of the same (or of the same series) postage stamps. The distinctive feature of a small sheet is that the perforation extends to the edges of the sheet.

403

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Souvenir sheet – One or more stamps printed in a separate leaflet. Stamps in the souvenir sheet could be one value or a set. This sheet usually provides additional visual or textual information about an event or topic. Post stamps in a souvenir sheet could be with or without perforation. Typically, the perforation does not reach the edges of the sheet.

Chad, 1983

Antigua and Barbuda, 1995

Grenadines of Grenada, 1977

GLOSSARY

[5.36.] Souvenir sheets.

404

Maldives, 1995

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Special postmark – A postmark made specifically for a special event or date. Normally, this includes additional information about the event (e.g. Scouting anniversary, or jubilee camp). Special postmarks are used only for a specified time and only in designated places, for example, in a central post office, or in a Scout camp. As a rule, they can be used both as for cancellation of correspondence and for philatelic purposes without sending correspondence. National central post offices give advance notice about the use of official special postmarks. There are also various special postmarks made on private initiative. Sometimes special postmarks are regular or could be used for a temporary period. In these cases they have a removable calendar date. First day postmarks also are special postmarks.

GLOSSARY

[5.37.] First day postmark. Central Africa, 1965-09-27.

[5.38.] Special first day postmark. Vatikan, 2007-06-12.

405

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

GLOSSARY

Stamp variety – A variation from the standard form of a stamp. Particular features in which the mark differs from the main part of the printed stamps usually are fixed in the catalogues. These may include various printing errors as inverts, constant plate flaws, unusual dots, and missing colours or various colours shifts. These are also changes in paper, differences in printing methods or format, different watermarks, and perforation, The variety is not considered as a printing or other spoilage which occurs only in single copies.

406

[5.39.] Above is presented standard form of a stamps. Below is presented stamps with double overprints, inverted overprints and moved color of flag (Stamp of 5c value). Dominican Republic, 1957.

Illustrated Glossary of Philatelic Terms

Tête-bêche – (in French, head-to-tail) is a vertical or horizontal unseparated pair of stamps in which one is upside-down in relation to other. This could be produced intentionally or accidentally (printing error).

[5.40.] Cover with tête-bêche stamps. Switzerland, 2007.

[5.41.] Missing postcard to the collection. Lithuanian postcard of the World Jamboree in Austria, 1951.

[5.42.] Missing postcard to the collection. Latvian Scout postcard, 1934.

GLOSSARY

Want list – A list of needed stamps, covers or postcards, identified by description, catalogue number or other characteristics. A want list usually includes requirements on condition and price.

407

World Scout Jamborees Jamboree

Number of participants, countries attended

1920 (30 July-8 August), London, United Kingdom

I World Scout Jamboree

8000 (34 countries)

1924 (10-17 August), Ermelunden, Copenhagen, Denmark

II World Scout Jamboree

4500 (34 countries)

1929 (31 July-13 August), Arrowe Park, Birkenhead, England

III World Scout Jamboree

50000 (69 countries)

1933 (2-15 August), Gödöllö, Hungary

IV World Scout Jamboree

< 26000 (32 countries)

1937 (31 July-9 August), VogelensangBloemendaal, Netherlands

V World Scout Jamboree

< 29000 (54 countries)

1947 (9-20 August), Moisson, France

VI World Scout Jamboree

> 24000 (42 countries)

1951 (3-13 August), Bad Ischl, Austria

VII World Scout Jamboree

< 13000 (61 country)

1955 (18-28 August), Niagara on the Lake, Canada

VIII World Scout Jamboree

> 11000 (71 country)

1957 (1-12 August), Sutton Park, England

IX World Scout Jamboree

> 30000 (80 countries)

1959 (17-26 July), Laguna, Philippines

X World Scout Jamboree

> 12000 (44 countries)

1963 (1-11 August), Marathon, Greece

XI World Scout Jamboree

11000 (89 countries)

1967 (1-9 August), Farragut State Park, Idaho, USA

XII World Scout Jamboree

12000 (105 countries)

1971 (2-10 August), Asagiri Heights, Shizuoka, Japan

XIII World Scout Jamboree

< 24000 (87 countries)

1975 (29 July-5 August), Lake Mjosa, Lillehammer, Norway

XIV World Scout Jamboree

> 17000 (91 country)

1983 (5-15 July), Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada

XV World Scout Jamboree

< 15000 (106 countries)

1987-1988 (30 December-7 January), Cataract Scout Park, New South Wales, Australia

XVI World Scout Jamboree

> 14000 (84 countries)

1991 (8-16 August), Seoraksan National Park, Korea

XVII World Scout Jamboree

< 20000 (135 country)

1995 (1-11 August), Flevoland, Netherlands

XVIII World Scout Jamboree

29000 (166 country)

1998-1999 (27 December-6 January), Picarquin, Chile

XIX World Scout Jamboree

> 31000 (157 country)

2002-2003 (28 December-7 January), Sattahip, Thailand

XX World Scout Jamboree

24000 (147 countries)

2007 (28 July-8 August), Chelmsford, England

XXI World Scout Jamboree

38000 (158 countries)

2011 (27 July-7 August), Kristianstad, Sweden

XXII World Scout Jamboree

40000 (146 countries)

2015 (28 July-7 August), Kirara-hama, Yamaguchi, Japan

XXIII World Scout Jamboree

< 34000 (155 countries and territories)

2019 (22 July-2 August), West Virginia, USA

XXIV World Scout Jamboree

Date and place

408

Estonian Scouts and Guides Main Jamborees Jamboree

Number of participants

1926 (6-12 July), Pirita-Kosel, Estonia

First National Jamboree (I Suurlaager) of the Estonian Scout Association

500

1932 (15-25 July), Doberan near Pärnu, Estonia

2nd National Jamboree (II Suurlaager) of the Estonian Scout Association

> 700

3rd National Jamboree (III Suurlaager) of Estonian Scouts

> 2000

1962 (28 July-6 August), Kotkajarve camping area, Muskoka, Ontario, Canada

1st World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides

900

1964 (18-27 July), Lygnern, Sweden

2nd Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree Pöhjala (North)

700

1967 (21-30 July), Lakewood, N. J., USA

3rd Estonian Scouting World Jamboree “Koguja”

> 800

1970 (23 July-3 August), Kirn, Germany

4th Estonian Scouts and Guides World Jamboree “Ühendaja” (Connector)

700

1972 Kotkajarve, Ontario, Canada

5th World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides

1200

1975 (19-29 July), Metsakodu, Sweden

6th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree

500

1978 (7-16 July), Lakewood, N. J., USA

7th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Koguja II”

750

1980 (28 June-6 July), Metsakodu, Sweden

8th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Vikerkaare” (Rainbow)

800

1984 (30 June-8 July), Kotkajarve, Ontario, Canada

9th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Eesti Lipp” (Estonian Flag)

600

10th World Jamboree of Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides “Lõunarist” (South Cross)

100

11th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Lake Forest”

350

4th National Jamboree of Estonian Scouts

450

1995 (15-22 July), Tagametsa, Türi municipality, Estonia

Jamboree of Estonian Scouts

<300

1996 (25 July-1 August), Koitjärvel, Sweden

12th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Vahelduste” (Interchange)

200

1998 (18-26 July), Tagametsa, Türi municipality, Estonia

Estonian national jamboree METSARAAMAT’98 (Forest Book, 98) (organized by Estonian Scouts and Guides organizations)

700

2000 (1-7 July), Kotkajarve, Ontario, Canada

13th Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Julgus! 2000” (Courage, 2000)

> 300

2001 (14-22 June), Tagametsa, Türi municipality, Estonia

Estonian Scouts and Guides jamboree “Hõimusild” (Tribe Bridge).

> 1000

2005 (23-30 July), Tagametsa, Türi municipality, Estonia

National Boy Scouts and Girl Guides jamboree “Rännumaa” (Travel Country)

950

2009 (11-18 July), Tagametsa, Türi municipality, Estonia

Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides jamboree „Tähemets” (Forest of Stars)

> 800

2013 (13-20 July), Tagametsa, Türi municipality, Estonia

Estonian Scout Association’s jamboree MAM (The World Begins Within)

450

2015 (15-22 August), Kotkajärve camp in Muskoka, Canada

Estonian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides World Jamboree “Rahvakett 2015”

200

2017 (8-15 July), Tagametsa, Türi municipality, Estonia

Estonian National Jamboree “Seiklusratas” (Wheel of Adventure)

700

Date and place

1936 (10-20 July), Paralepa near Haapsalu, Estonia

Conjunction of 1988/1989, Australia 1992 (27 June-4 July), Lakewood, N. J., USA 1992 (2-8 August), Matsiranna, Pärnu county, Estonia

409

Latvian Scouts and Guides Main Jamborees Jamboree

Number of participants

1923 (31 August-2 September), Mezaparks in Riga, Latvia

1st National Scout Jamboree (1 Liela Nometne)

600

1928 (20-30 July), Bulli, near the Lielupe river, Latvia

2nd Latvian Scout Jamboree (2 Liela Nometne)

2100

1934 (20-30 July), Asari II, near Jūrmala, Latvia

3rd Latvian Scout Jamboree (3 Liela Nometne)

2500

1938 (22 July-1 August), Lielupe, Latvia

4th Latvian Scout Jamboree (4 Liela Nometne)

>3000

1967 (26 August-3 September), Three Rivers, Michigan, USA.

1st Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile “Tevzeme” (Fatherland)

800

1972 (1-9 July), Barrie, Ontario, Canada

2nd Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile “Riga dimd” (Riga Resounds)

800

1977 (27 August-4 September), Elka Park, New York, USA

3rd Latvian Scout and Guide Jamboree in Exile

800

1982 (21-29 August), Rose City, Michigan, USA

4th Latvian Scout and Guide Jamboree in Exile “Kavu Gaisma” (Shadow of Light)

600

5th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile “Draudzibas Loka” (The Circle of Friendship)

400

1st Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree after Restoration of Independence “Atdzimšana” (Rebirth)

120

6th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile ”Ugunskurs”

300

2nd Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree after Restoration of Independence “Dzintarjūra” (Amber Sea)

700

7th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile “Kopsoli”

<300

3rd Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Mežezers”

>1000

2002 (17-24 August), Rutland, Massachusetts, USA

8th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile “Kalnaine” (Highlands)

250

2004 (26 July-1 August), Kuldiga, Latvia

4th Latvian Boy Scouts and Girl Guides National Jamboree “Kursa”

>400

2006 (13-19 August), Saulaine, Canada

9th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile “Dziesmu gars” (The Spirit of the Songs)

<200

2009 (13-18 July), Strenči, Gauja region, Latvia

5th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree "Beverīna"

>120

2010 (14-21 August), Wood Lake Scout Reservation, Jones, Michigan, USA

10th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile “Zvaigšnu sega” (Star Blanket)

200

2013 (22-26 July), Daugava river banks, Kegums municipality, Latvia

6th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree “Daugmale”

200

2014 (17-23 August), Winnebago, New Jersey, USA

11th Latvian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in Exile “Mantojums” (Heritage)

250

The Jubillee Jamboree “Simtgades Ugunskurs” (Centennial Bonfire)

>450

Date and place

1987 (22-30 August), Whitehall, Michigan, USA 1990 (12-15 July), Vidzeme, Unguri, Latvia 1992 (26 June-5 July), Port Sydney, Ontario, Canada 1994 (14-20 July), Kauguri, Latvia 1997 (16-24 August), Catskill Mountains, New York, USA 1998 (9-16 July), Mežezers, Plavinas, Latvia

2017 (6-12 August), recreation and tourism center “Ezernieki”, Lubanas region, Latvia

410

Lithuanian Scouts and Guides Main Jamborees Jamboree

Number of participants

First National Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree (I Tautinė Stovykla)

500

Jamboree for the visit of Lord Baden-Powell

1700

1938 (8-18 July), Aukštoji Panemunė, Lithuania

2nd National Lithuanian Boy Scouts Jamboree (II Tautinė Stovykla)

2000

1938 (13-20 July), Pažaislis, Kaunas, Lithuania

2nd National Lithuanian Girl Scouts Jamboree (II Tautinė Stovykla)

1500

1948 (2-14 August), River Isar near Mittenwald, American zone, Germany

3rd National Lithuanian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in two different German occupation zones

1200

1948 (2-14 August), Timmendorf on the shores of the Baltic sea, British zone, Germany

3rd National Lithuanian Scouts and Guides Jamboree in two different German occupation zones

500

Jubilee Jamboree (35th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting)

500

4th National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts

>1000

Jubilee Jamboree (45th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting)

700

1968 (8-20 July), Rakas campsite, near Custer, Michigan, USA

5th National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts

1600

1973 (19-29 August), Beaumont, Ohio, USA

Jubilee Jamboree (55th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting)

>700

1978 (2-15 January), Gembrook, Victoria, Australia

6th National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts

400

1978 (13-26 August), Paxton, Massachusetts, USA

6th National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts

>800

Jubilee Jamboree (65th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting) “Aušra” (Dawn)

>800

7th National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts

>1000

1993 (3-10 July), Palanga, Lithuania

Jubilee Jamboree (75th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting)

900

1993 (31 July-11 August), Rakas campsite, near Custer, Michigan, USA

Jubilee Jamboree (75th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting)

>700

1993 (3-13 July), Gulbinai, Lithuania

Jubilee Jamboree (75th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting) (organized by Lithuanian Scout Association)

400

National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts (organized by Lithuanian Scouting)

2000

National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts (organized by Lithuanian Scout Association)

>300

8th Lithuanian Scouts Jamboree

750

Jubilee Jamboree (85th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting) (organized by Lithuanian Scouting) “Skilties dvasia” (“Spirit of Patrol”)

>1200

Date and place 1928 (28 June-3 July), Aukštoji Panemunė, Lithuania 1933 (14-18 August), Palanga, Lithuania

1953 (26 June-4 July), Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada 1958 (15-30 August), Highland, Michigan, USA 1963 (17 August-1 September), Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA

1983 (31 July-13 August), Aurora, Ontario, Canada 1988 (14-24 August), Kensington, Ohio, USA

1998 (17-27 July), Nemunaitis, Lithuania 1998 (3-12 July), Valakampiai, Vilnius, Lithuania 1998 (8-21 August), Paxton, Massachusetts, USA 2003 (17-27 July), Plateliai, Lithuania

411

Lithuanian Scouts and Guides Main Jamborees

Jamboree

Number of participants

Jubilee Jamboree (85th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting) (organized by Lithuanian Scout Association)

230

2003 (6-16 August), Holcomb Valley, California, USA

Jubilee Jamboree (85th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting)

560

2008 (9-19 August), Manatoc Scout Reservation Peninsula, Ohio, USA

9th National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts

500

National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts (organized by Lithuanian Scouting) “Legenda tęsiasi” (Legend Continues)

1000

2008 (4-13 July), Trakai, Lithuania

National Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts (organized by Lithuanian Scout Association) “Draugystės ugnis” (Fire of Friendship)

<450

2013 (6-14 July), Telšiai, Lithuania

Jubilee Jamboree of Lithuanian Scouts (organized jointly by Scout organizations in Lithuania) “Gėrio pėdomis” (At the Footsteps of Kindness…)

2000

Jubilee Jamboree (95th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting) “Viltis” (The Hope)

360

2018 (2-12 January), Clifford Park, near Melbourne, Australia

10th World Lithuanian Scout Jamboree

200

2018 (14-22 July), Rumšiškės, Lithuania

Jubilee Jamboree (100th anniversary of Lithuanian Scouting) “Laužų karta” (Bonfire Generation)

3000

Date and place 2003 (4-13 July), Trakai, Lithuania

2008 (12-20 July), island of lake Duburys, Zarasai region, Lithuania

2013 (7-17 August), Manatoc, Ohio, USA

2018 (29 July-8 August), Rakas campsite, near Custer, Michigan, USA

412

10th World Lithuanian Scout Jamboree in North America

Literature 1.

Domfil (2000) Catalogo de Sellos Tematicos. Escultismo y otros movimientos juveniles. Thematic Stamp Catalogue. Scouting and other youth movements... Spain. 2. Eesti Skautide Liit (2003) Eesti Skautlus. 50. Aastat Võõrsil. Canada. 3. Eesti Skautide Malev (1994) Skautluse aastakümned. Trükikoda “Kiir” Viljandis. 4. Estonian Boy Scout Associations in Exile (1962) Estonian Scouting 1912-1962. Sweden: Tryckeri AB Esto. 5. Pomm, K. (2009) Tagametsast Enne Tähemetsa, Eesti Skaut, April 2009, p. 12-13. 6. Jurgėla, P. (1975) Lietuviškoji skautija. New York: Lietuvių skautų sąjunga. 7. Latviešu skautu kustība (2017) Ziemciešu Cilts. Latviešu skautisma 100 gadi. 1917-2017. Riga. 8. Latvijas Skauti un Gaidas (2018) Vēsture. Online: http://skauti.lv/?page_id=57 [accessed 2017-08-22] 9. Lemerle, L. (2007) A Century of Scouting on Stamps of the World. Dordives- France: Carrick. 10. Lillemaa, V. (2002) 90 years of Estonian Scouting. Online: http://www.vaido.net/youth/Eesti_skautlus_90/EstScouting90.html [accessed 2018-01-22]

11. Liutikas, D. (2011) Skautai. Dievui, Tėvynei, Artimui! Skautybė pašto ženkluose. Vilnius: Lie tuvos piligrimų bendrija. 12. Ojaste, E. Eesti Skautlus Paguluses 1944-1991 (Austraalia, Kanada, Rootsi, Saksamaa, USA). Exhibition leaves gifted to the Estonian Post Museum. Online: http://www.filateelia.ee/naitus/001/leht-1-01.html [accessed 2018-02-22] 13. Rauschenberger, M. (2004) The History of the Lithuanian Scout Movement, 1918 to 2003 and Philately from the Lithuanian Scout Jamborees, Jubilee Camps and D. P. Camps, 1928 to 1998. Germany. Home made book in German and English. 14. Rauschenberger, M. (2004) The History of the Latvian Scout Movement, 1917 to 2003 and Philately from the Latvian Scout Jamborees, 1923 to 2002. Germany. Home made book in German and English. 15. Säägi, T. (1991) Estonian Scout Labels and Covers. Home made book. 16. World Organization of the Scout Movement (2011) Fact sheet. World Scout Jamborees History. Geneva. Online: https://www.scout.org/ sites/default/files/library_files/amboree%20 History%20.pdf [accessed 2018-01-22]

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About the Author Scouting topic. His book in the Lithuanian Skautai. Dievui, Tėvynei, Artimui! Skautybė pašto ženkluose (Scouts. For God, For Homeland, For Neighbour! Scouting on Postage Stamps) was published at the beginning of 2012. This book is illustrated with more than 1200 Scout topic post stamps and covers more than 240 countries and regions.

Darius Liutikas was born in Šiauliai (Lithuania) on 10 November 1977. He studied Social Geography and Sociology at Vilnius University. In 2008, he received his PhD in Sociology from Vilnius University. In 1992, he became engaged in the activities of the Scout Movement and joined the Samogitian Scout Organization. Between 1996-1998, while studying at Vilnius University, he participated in Scout student (academic) activities. Since 1993, he has collected postage stamps and other philatelic items on the

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Since 2012, Liutikas has participated in EuroScout exhibitions and World Scout Collectors meetings. He presented philatelic expositions in Germany (2012), Denmark (2014), Austria (2016), and Portugal (2018). In 2014, at the “EuroScout 2014” exhibition in Denmark, D. Liutikas was awarded the main exhibition award – the Walter Grob Award – for the exposition “History of Lithuanian Scouting.” In 2018, for the 100th anniversary of the Lithuanian Scout Movement, he prepared and presented several philatelic expositions in Lithuania, the USA, and Estonia. Darius Liutikas, together with his associates, founded the Community of Lithuanian Pilgrims in 2004. He is the chairman of the Community of Lithuanian Pilgrims. Liutikas has published more than 30 scientific articles about the value and identity manifestation in journeys and a monograph about pilgrimage journeys and the map guide Pilgrim Routes in Lithuania.

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Darius Liutikas

Scouting in the Baltic Countries A History in Philately

PUBLISHERS:

COMMUNITY OF LITHUANIAN PILGRIMS Bitininkų 1C-6, LT-08417 Vilnius www.piligrimai.lt

LIETUVIŲ SKAUTŲ SĄJUNGA LITHUANIAN SCOUTS ASSOCIATION www.skautai.net Language editor: Kritina Schimmels

DESIGN:

PRINTED:

LĮ „KRIVENTA“ V. Pietario g. 5-3, LT-03122 Vilnius E-mail: kriventa@kriventa.lt www.kriventa.lt Designer: Simonas Barščiauskas

JSC STANDARTU SPAUSTUVE Dariaus ir Gireno str. 39, LT – 02189 Vilnius E-mail: info@standart.lt Signed for press 10 04 2018 500 copies

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