Hisn ul muslim (in hindi)

Page 1

fgLuqy eqfLye (d+ d+qjvku o gnhl dh nqvk;sa) vuqoknd

vcq vkfcn QSly fcu lukmYykg enuh lU'kks lU'kks/ku

vrkmjZgeku ft+;kmYykg izdk'kd k'kd

bLykeh vkeU=.k ,oa funZs'k dk;Zky; jc~ok Qksu%4916085 & iksLV ckDl%29465 & fj;kt%11457 lÃ…nh vjc

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٣

ljifo ;"rL ljifo

qm= * izkDdFku * ft+Ø dh Q+t+hyr 1 gL+b ;] hfug] s] afb sL b'cfPF 2 sk8Þf kxgg] sL b'cf . 3 gof sk8Þf kxgg] sL b'cf . 4 gof sk8Þf kxgg] jfn] sf] Sof b'cf bL hfP 5 sk8Þf ptf/] tf] Sof k9Þ] < 6 zf}rfno -a}t'n&vnf_ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] sL b'cf . 7 zf}rfno -a}t'n&vnf_ ;] lgsng] sL b'cf . 8 j'h" z'? s/g] ;] kxn] sL b'cf . 9 j'h" ;] kmfl/uÞ xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf . 10 3/ ;] lgsnt] ;do sL b'cf . 11 3/ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]t] ;do sL b'cf . 12 dl:hb sL cf]/ hfg] sL b'cf . 13 dl:hb d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] sL b'cf . 14 dl:hb ;] lgsng] sL b'cf . 15 chÞfg sL b'cfPF . 16 gdfhÞ z'¿ s/g] sL b'cfPF . 17 ?s"cÞ sL b'cfPF 18 ?s"c ;] p7g] sL b'cfPF . 19 ;hb] sL b'cfPF . 20 bf]gf]+ ;hbf]+ s] aLr a}7g] sL b'cfPF .

k[i7 11 13 19 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 29 30 31 31 33 38 39 40 42

lx:g'n d'l:nd 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

;hbf ltnfjt\ sL b'cf . tzx\x'b\ sL b'cf . tzx\x'b s] afb gaL s/Ld k/ b'¿b z/Lkm . cflvÞ/L tzx\x'b\ s] afb cf}/ ;nfd km]/g] ;] kxn] sL b'cfPF . gdfhÞ ;] ;nfd km]/g] s] afb sL b'cfPF . gdfh+] Ol:tvÞf/f sL b'cf . ;'axÞ\ cf}/ zfd s] chÞ\sf/ cf}/ b'cfPF . ;f]g] s] ;do sL b'cfPF . /ft sf] s/j6 abn\t] ;do sL b'cf . gL+b d]+ a]r}gL cf}/ 3a\/fx6\ sL b'cf . sf]O{ cfbdL a'/f VÞjfa -:jKg_ b]v] tf] Sof s/]< s'g"t] ljq sL b'cf . ljq sf ;nfd km]/g] s] afb sL b'cf . uÞd\ cf}/ lkmqm ;] ghft kfg] sL b'cf a]sÞ/f/L tyf a]r}gL sL b'cf . b'Zdg\ tyf zf;g clwsf/L ;] d'nfsÞft s] ;do sL b'cf . Zff;s\ s] cTofrf/ ;] 8/g] jfn] sL b'cf . b'Zdg\ k/ ab\b'cf . ha ls;L sÞf}d ;] 8/tf xf] tf] sf}Gf;L b'cf k9Þ] < lh;] ckg] O{dfg d]+ zs\ xf]g] nu] tf] jx ox b'cf k9Þ] . sÞh{ -C0f_ sL cbfouL s] lnP b'cf . gdfhÞ d]+ of sÞ'/cfg k9Þt] ;do pTkGg xf]g] jfn] j:f\j;f]+ ;] arg] sL b'cf . p; cfbdL sL b'cf lh; k/ sf]O{ sfd d'lZsn xf] hfP .

٤ 43 44 44 45 50 56 58 71 79 80 80 81 83 83 84 86 87 88 88 89 89 90 90

lx:g'n d'l:nd 44 45 46 47

48 49 50 51 52

53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

u'gfx s/ a}7] tf] sf}Gf;L b'cf k9Þ] cf}/ Sof s/] < jx b'cfPF hf] z}tfg tyf p; s] j:f\j;f]+ sf] b"/ s/tL x}+ . gfk;GbLbf jflscfÞ k]z cfg] of a]a;L sL b'cf lh; s] oxfF sf]O{ cf}nfb k}bf xf] p;] ls; k|sf/ d'af/s\afb -b'cf_ bL hfP cf}/ lh;] d'af/s\afbL bL hf /xL xf] jx d'af/safb b]g] jfn] s] lnP Sof sx] < aRrf]+ sf] lsg slndft s] ;fy cNnfx sL kgfx d]+ lbof hfP . aLdf/ k';L{ s] jSt d/LhÞ s] lnP b'cf aLdf/ k';L{ sL kmhÞLnt\ . p; d/LhÞ sL b'cf hf] ckgL lhÞGbuL ;] dfo"; xf] r'sf xf] . hf] cfbdL d/g] s] sÞ/La xf] p;] yk bykgk bYyYykg k9Þfof hfP . lh;] sf]O{ d';Lat\ kx'Fr] jx ox b'cf k9Þ] . d}lot\ sL cfFv]+ aGb s/t] ;do sL b'cf . gdfhÞ] hgfhÞf sL b'cf . aRr] k/ gdfh hgfhÞf sL b'cf . tf\lhÞot\ -d}lot s] 3/ jfnf]+ sf] t;NnL b]g_] sL b'cf . Df}lot sf] sÞa| d]+ ptf/t] ;do sL b'cf d}lot sf] sÞa| d]+ bkmg\ s/g] s] afb sL b'cf sÞa/f]+ sL lhÞof/t\ sL b'cf . cf¡wL sL b'cf Affbn\ u/ht] ;do k9ÞL hfg] jfnL b'cf . afl/z\ dfFug] sL s'5 b'cfPF .

٥ 91 91 92 93

94 94 95 95 97

97 97 98 100 101 102 103 103 104 104 105

lx:g'n d'l:nd 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

afl/z\ pt/t] ;do sL b'cf . afl/z\ vTd xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf . afl/z\ ?sjfg] s] lnP b'cf . Gfof rfFb b]vg] sL b'cf . /f]hf vf]nt] ;do sL b'cf . vÞfgf vfg] ;] kxn] sL b'cf . vfg] ;] kmfl/uÞ xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf . d]xdfg sL b'cf vfgf lvnfg] jfn] d]hÞafg s] lnP . hf] cfbdL s'5 lknfP of lknfg] sf O/fbf s/] p; s] lnP b'cf . ha ls;L 3/ jfnf]+ s] oxfF /f]hÞf Okm\tf/ s/] tf] pg s] lnP ox b'cf s/] . b'cf ha vfgf xÞflh/ xf] cf}/ /f]hÞfbf/ /f]hÞf g vf]n] . /f]hÞfbf/ sf] ha sf]O{ ufnL b] tf] Sof sx] < kxnf kmn\ b]vg] s] ;do sL b'cf . 5L+s sL b'cf . ha sflkm/ 5L+st] ;do cn\xÞdb\ 'lnNnfx sx] tf] p; s] lnP Sof sxf hfP < zfbL s/g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf . zfbL s/g] cf}/ ;jf/L v/Lbg] sL b'cf . lhdfcÞ -;+Def]u_ ;] kxn sL b'cf . uÞ':;f cfhfg] s] jS+t sL b'cf . ls;L aLdf/L of d';Lat\ d]+ d'Atnf cfbdL sf] b]v] tf] ox b'cf k9Þ] . dhln; d]+ k9Þg] sL b'cf . dhln;\ s] u'gfx b"/ s/g] sL b'cf .

٦ 105 106 106 106 107 107 108 109 109 110 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 114 115

lx:g'n d'l:nd 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93

94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106

hf] cfbdL sx] -uÞkm/Nnfx' nsf__ cyf{t cNnfx t'em] aVÞz b] p; s] lnP b'cf . hf] cR5f ;'n"s s/] p; s] lnP b'cf . jx b'cf lh;] k9Þg] ;] cfbdL bHhfn s] lkmt\g] ;] dxÞ\km"hÞ /xtf x} . hf] cfbdL sx] d'em] t'd ;] cNnfx s] lnP df]xÞAat\ x} p; s] lnP b'cf . hf] cfbdL t'Dxf/] lnP ckgf dfn k]z s/] p; s] lnP b'cf . sÞhÞ{ -C0f_ cbf s/t] ;do sÞh{ b]g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf . lzs{ ;] 8/g] sL b'cf . Tkks vkneh dgs% ^^vYykg rq>s cjdr ns** rks mlds fy, D;k nqvk dh tk;s---------------cnQkyh dks ukilUn djus dh nqvk=============== ;jf/L k/ ;jf/ xf]g] sL b'cf ;km/ sL b'cf ls;L ufjF of zx/ d]+ bflvn\ xf]g] sL b'cf afhÞf/ d]+ bflvÞn xf]g] sL b'cf ;jf/L s] lkm;n\g] of lu/g] s] ;do sL b'cff D'f;flkm/ sL b'cf d'sÞLd s] lnP Df'sÞLd sL b'cf d';flkm/ s] lnP . lQj ds nkSjku ts\aL/ cf}/ t:aLxÞ d';flkm/ sL b'cf ha ;'axÞ\ s/] . ;km/ s] bf}/fg ha d';flkm/ ls;L dlGhÞn\ -d'sÞfd_ k/ pt/] p; ;do sL b'cf ;km/ ;] jfk;L sL b'cf . vÞ'z s/g] jfnL of gf k;GbLbf rLhÞ k]z cfg]

٧ 115 116 116 116 117 117 118 118

118 119 120 121 122 122 122 123 123 124 124 124 125

lx:g'n d'l:nd 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121

122 123 124

k/ Sof sx] < /;"n'Nnfx k/ b¿b sL kmhÞLnt\ ;nfd sf] km}nfgf . ha sflkm/ ;nfd sx] tf] p;] ls; t/x hjfa lbof hfP . d'uÞ{ af]ng] cf}/ ubxf xL+ug] s] ;do sL b'cf . /ft d]+ s'Qf]+ sf e"Fsgf -tyf ubxf]+ sf xL+ugf_ ;'gs/ ox b'cf k9Þ] . p; cfbdL s] lnP b'cf lh;] t'd g] a'/f enf sxf -of ufnL bL_ xf] . sf]O{ d'l:nd ha ls;L d'l:nd sL tf/Lkm s/] tf] Sof sx] < ha ls;L d';ndfg cfbdL sL tf/Lkm sL hfP tf] jx Sof sx] < xÞHh of pd/f sf OxÞ\/fd afFwg] jfnf s};] tn\laof sx]< xÞh/] c:jb\ jfn] sf]g] k/ cNnfx' cs\a/ sxgf rflxP . ?s\g] odfgL cf}/ xÞh\/] c:jb\ s] b/ldofg sL b'cf . ;kmf cf}/ d/jf k/ 7x/g] sL b'cf . c/kmf -(h'n\lxÞHhf_ s] lbg sL b'cf . e'k~vjs gjke ds ikl dh nqvk tejkr dh jeh ds le; gj dadjh ds lkFk rd~chj ¼vYykgq vd~cj½ dguk tcHh'a of v'zL s] ;do sL b'cf . [kq'k[kcjh feyus ij D;k djs < hf] cfbdL ckg] abg\ d]+ bb{ dxÞ;"; s/] jx sf}Gf

٨ 126 127 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 135 135

136 136 137

lx:g'n d'l:nd 125

126 127 128 129

130

131 132

;L b'cf k9Þ] < ftl dks viuh gh ut+j yxus dk Hk; gks rks og D;k djs \ ?kcjkgV ds le; D;k dgk tk, cfd hfgj/ of pm¡6 hÞaxÞ s/t] jSÞt sL b'cf . ;/sz\ z}tfgf]+ sL vÞ'lkmof tbaL/f]+ s] tf]8Þ s] lnP b'cf . tf}af j Ol:tuÞkmf/ s/gf -cNnfx ;] aÞlVzz\ cf}/ dfkmL dfFugf_ rLchg ¼lqCgkuYykg½] rgehn ¼vYgenqfyYykg½] rgyhy ¼yk bykgk bYyYykg½ vkSj rdchj ¼vYykgq vd~cj dgus½ dh Qt+hyr uch rLchg dSls i<+rs Fks< vusd izdkj dh usfd;k vkSj tkfev vknkc

٩ 137

138 138 138 138

142

148 148

lx:g'n d'l:nd

Ù¡Ù

b izkDdFku !"# $ " %& '# $ () * + , ) ) ' ) $ -# . / . $ . ) ' ) $ 01 2 %& /3 4' 56 78) 9 ( ( 9 8 $ , 5( : : ) = >?@ = 6 4 , # $ ; # < ;g lafNIr fdrkc tks vki ds gkFkksa esa gS esjh ,d vU; fdrkc ¼ ‫ ½ا Ø¢ Ùˆا Ø¡ Ùˆا ج ا ب Ùˆا‬dk lkjka'k gS ftl esa eSa us nqvkvksa ds Hkkx dks lafNIr :i esa izLrqqr fd;k gS( rkfd bls lQj esa lkFk j[kuk vklku gksA bl fdrkc esa eSa us dsoy nqvkvksa ds eru dks ft+Ø fd;k gS vkSj vly fdrkc esa mfYyf[kr gokyksa esa ls dsoy ,d ;k nks gokyksa ij cl fd;k gSA ftls lgkch ¼jkoh½ dh tkudkjh ;k vf/kd r[k+jht ¼gokyksa½ ds tkuus dh bPNk gks og vly fdrkc dh vksj iyVsA eSa vYykg vT+t+k o tYy ls mlds vPNs ukeksa vkSj mPp xq.kksa ¼flQkr½ ds okLrs ls nqvk djrk gw¡ fd og bl dke dks viuh

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูก

jt+keUnh ds fy, [kkfyl cuk;s] bl ls eq>s esjh ft+Unxh esa vkSj esjs ejus ds ckn ยผHkhยฝ ykHk igqยกpk, vkSj tks Hkh bl fdrkc dks i<+s ;k Niok, ;k blds izdk'ku dk dkj.k cus bls mlds fy, Qk;nkeUn cuk;sA cs'kd vYykg ikd gh bldk ekfyd vkSj bl ij d+kfnj gSA ! /3 4' 56 78) $B 9 ( : 5 9 ( 9 8 . # $ ; # <

ys[kd fnukยกd% lQ+j 1409 fgtzh

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٢

ft+Ø dh Q+t+hyr cNnfx tcfnf g] km/dfof M— 〈 Èβρã à õ3s? Ÿωuρ ’Í< (#ρã à6ô©$#uρ öΝä.ö ä.øŒr& þ’ÏΤρã ä.øŒ$$sù  E : F

t'd d]/f ft+Ø s/f] d}+ eL t'Dx]+ ofb s?Fuf cf}/ d]/f z'qm s/f] cf}/ esjh uk'kqdjh g s/f] . -;"/f asÞ/fM !%@_ 〈 ∩⊆⊇∪ #[ ÏVx. #X ø.ÏŒ ©!$# (#ρÞ è0øŒ$# (#θãΖtΒ#u tÏ%©!$# $pκš‰r'¯≈tƒ  ( : )

P] O{dfg jfnf] cNnfx sf] ax't Hofbf ofb s/f] . -cx\hÞfa $!_ Μçλm; ª!$# £‰tãr& ÏN¨u Å2¨©%!$#uρ #[ ÏVx. ©!$# šÍ Å2¨©%!$#uρ  ( : )

〈 ∩⊂∈∪ $Vϑ‹Ïàtã #· ô_r&uρ Zοu Ï øó¨Β

cNnfx sf] ax't ofb s/g] jfn] db{ cf}/ ofb s/g] jfnL cf}/t]+ cNnfx g] pg s] lnP aÞlVzz\ cf}/ ax't a8Þf abnf -k'0o_ t}of/ s/ /vf x} . -;"/f cx\hfa #%_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٣

Í ôγyfø9$# tβρߊuρ Zπx ‹½zuρ %Yæ• |Øn@ y7Å¡ø tΡ ’Îû y7−/§‘ ä.øŒ$#uρ  〈 t,Í#Ï ≈tóø9$# zÏiΒ ä3s? Ÿωuρ ÉΑ$|¹Fψ$#uρ Íiρ߉äóø9$$Î/ ÉΑöθs)ø9$# zÏΒ ( : )

cf}/ ckg] /a\ sf] ckg] dg d]+ cflhhÞL cf}/ 8/ ;] a'nGb cfjfhÞ s] lagf ;'AfxÞ j zfd ofb s/ cf}/ uÞflkmnf]+ d]+ ;] dt\ xf] hf . -;"/f cf/fkmM @)%_

9J !I7$K L ?F I M N I M @L OK I#.F Q P OR $S I M NI M @L OK I# Q P OR $S L ?F I )) : GF FH I ( !/ ) ((T R J I $K I /;"n'Nnfx ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfofM -- p; cfbdL sL ld;fn hf] ckg] /a sf] ofb s/tf x} cf}/ hf] ckg] /a sf] ofb gxL+ s/tf lhÞGbf cf}/ d'bf{ sL t/x\Þ x} . - a'vÞf/L kmTx'n af/L s] ;fy !!@@)*_

eqfLye dh fjok;r esa gS% !? & @O# . 0O$ T 5$ & @O# 0O$ T 5$ ? )) (YZ[/W4 U ) ((T U V ml ?kj dh felky ftl esa vYykg dk ft+Ø fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ftl ?kj esa vYykg ft+Ø ugha fd;k tkrk ft+Unk vkSj eqnkZ dh rjg gSA ¼eqfLye 1@539½

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٤

4P \L \R P!R I I P(R I2 F@]P )F I 4P \L $R I (P F) ^ P_ I ^ 4P \L +L5J I)L .F )F )) : GF FH I ` !P aI I b ^ ^ I $K I c ^ 2I OS $ b ^ F P ^ P R P4\L $F ` PaI I 4P \L 6R Id I 1I 9P &R I' R &F P )F I (( f 4P \L HF !I (P )F P

M ^ " P I# I 4P 'M HF I (P )F M ^ " P I&F 4P @L N M (I P eF K 6I K )F P R 4P \L $F (( 9F$ I 6I g M @K R )) : GF FH .9F I P $L FH /;"n'Nnfx ;NnNnfx cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfofM -Sof d}+ t'Dx]+ jx sfd g atfpmF hf] t'Dxf/] ;a sfdf]+ ;] a]xt/ , rqEgkjs ekfyd ds fudV lc ls ifo=] t'Dxf/] dt{af d]+ ;a ;] a'nGb cf}/ t'Dxf/] ;f]gf rfFbL vÞr{ s/g] ;] a]xt/ x} cf}/ t'Dxf/] lnP O; ;] eL a]xt/ x} ls t'd ckg] b'Zdgf]+ ;] ldnf] t'd pgsL ub{g]+ sf6f] cf}/ j] t'Dxf/L ub{g]+ sf6]+ . ;xfaf g] sxf Sof]+ gxL+ h?/ atnfO{P . cfk g] km/dfof cNnfx tcfnf sf] ofb s/gf . -ct&lqldhL %÷$%( OAg] dfhf @÷!@$% cf}/ b]lvP ;xLx OAg] dfhf @÷#!^ cf}/ ;xLx ct&lqldhL # ÷!#(_

F ^ M !I I I )F I 9P ^ Q P R 5P(I J jF I P(R I )F ": 9F$ I 6I h GL P eL I# : GF FH I 9P !R& 9P ^ I @F F K ^ I 9P g K I 9P &R M 6M P @F F R g K I 9P &R 9P ^ I @F F K 3^&F 9P ^ I @F F =( R R P$F ^ T M P N eF 6I = P5 R 9N $F ^ m I N eF 6I K ^ I 4P 'M P R ` PaI l k I 9P &R M 6M P @F F l k I ."n= $F I P 2I M M P6I)F 9P o R P I# 9P ^ I6)F K ^ I =( I R P$F ^ T M P N eF 6I =( I R 9N $F ^ m I N eF 6I K ^ I cf}/ cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd g] km/dfof ls cNnfx tcfnf km/dftf x}M -- d}+ ckg] aGb] s] p; u'dfg s] d'tflasÞ\ x"F hf] jx d]/] af/] d]+ /vtf x} . cf}/ ha jx d'em] ofb s/tf x} tf] d}+ p; s] ;fy xf]tf x"F . olb jx d'em]

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูฅ

ckg] lbn d]+ ofb s/tf x} tf] d}+ p;] ckg] lbn d]+ ofb s/tf x"F cf}/ cu/ jx ls;L hdfct\ d]+ d'em] ofb s/tf x} tf] d}+ p;] P];L hdfct\ d]+ ofb s/tf x"F hf] p; ;] a]xt/ x} cf}/ cu/ jx Ps aflnZt d]/] sร /La cfP tf] d}+ Ps xfy p; s] sร /La cftf x"F cf}/ cu/ jx Ps xfy d]/] sร /La cfP tf] d}+ bf]gf]+ xfy km}nfg] s] a/fa/ p; s] sร /La cftf x"F cf}/ cu/ jx rns/ d]/] kf; cfP tf] d}+ bf}8ร s/ p; s] kf; cftf x"F . -a'vf/L *รท!&! d'l:nd $รท@)^! cf}/ zAb a'vf/L s] x}_+ qI rR I I S ^ g GF P ,M I I# : GF FH% = dM I S )F M P(I h 9I p R I ` P M g R 5PI( P (I I GL IvI#.F )) : GF FH . R ^ s L 5No I 6I)F tk VIo ^ 9P ^ P 5^aP uF&F 9N F(I * P I ?L@F P HF ;^ % F ,P 3^$K (( g ^ @K R P R =5Kw I I M I $R cf}/ cAb'Nnfx lag a';| km/dft] x}+ ls Ps cfbdL g] sxf P] cNnfx s] /;"n d'em k/ O:nfd s] cxร \sfd ax't Hofbf xf] uP x}+ . O; lnP cfk d'em] sf]O{ Ps rLhร atfPF lh;] d}+ dHfร a"tL s] ;fy ks8ร n"F . cfk g] km/dfof ls t]/L hร afg xd]zf cNnfx s] lhร qm ;] t/\ /x] . -ct&lqldhร L %รท$%* OAg] dfhf @รท!@$^ cf}/ b]lvP ;xLx't &lqldhร L #รท!#( cf}/ ;xLx OAg] dfhf @รท#!&_

nL I!I 7 I $K I nx I I /I R ^ M F&F g m ^ I @R P R =&P /I )F I HF P I )) : GF FH I ;z .F I { z P /I | z $R)F : P \R $I { z P /I โ ฉ y ๏ฃจ: GL P HL)F .F I'$R F? P )F ^ o P I ^ (( { z P /I 4z P R I { z P /I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูฆ

cf}/ cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfof hf] cfbdL cNnfx sL lstfa d]+ ;] Ps xร km{ -zAb_ k9ร ] p; s] lnP O; s] abn] d]+ ,d usdh feyrh gS vkSj ,d usdh ยผde ls deยฝ nl xquk dj nh tkrh gSA d}+ ox gxL+ sxtf ls clnkm\ nfd dLd Ps xร km{ -zAb_ x} alNs clnkm\ Ps xร km{ x} nfd Ps xร km{ x} cf}/ dLd Ps xร km{ x} . -lqldhร L %รท!&% cf}/ b]lvP ;xLx lqldh+L #@(, ;xร Lxร 'n\ hfldO:;uร L/ %รท#$)_

M !P7 I I g GL P ,M I } I I aI : GF HF M P(I h 9I p R I ` R I( ^ PnF 5IeK (M P (I I 9F$ ^ P )F F I7ย K M 9F$ ^ ;` P I# S @L I M P I# K )F c ~ 7 R M# 4P \L ~#)F )) : GF Fe&F nR S ~ $ 9R& (( f 4` !R/ I nR I Pย R HF .F I 4` ย K ^ ^ Pย F 9P &R ^ P# I I P @F ^ P IHF I ^ M P R 9I 6RuI &F ย ^ PeR I $K 9!F$ ^ 4P @L M !I/)F M P I# % F &F)F )) : GF FH . I $R c ~ 7 R M g GF P ,M I I# : I K eL &F P !R M !F$ z PaI S dI I vN (I g m ^ I @R P R ^ P II#B )F I eK I# P )F 4I F P I&F R ย ^ P I $K P !R I q` !I P )F P R M $F z PaI qz I P )F I ย ย % F ย F P R M $F z PaI ย x % F ย F I ^ P IHF I (( ^ ^3^$K I R N 2R 1R I (P )F psร \af lag\ cร fld/ - _ km/dft] x}+ ls xd ;'ห kmf d]+ y] ls /;"n'Nnfx ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ 3/ ;] lgsn] cf}/ km/dfof -- t'd d]+ ;] sf}g x} lh;] ox k;Gb xf] ls x/ lbg a't\xร fg of cร sร Lsร jfbL sL cf]/ hfP cf}/ jxfF ;] a8ร L a8ร L sf}xfgf]+ jfnL bf] pmF6lgofF n]s/ cfP cf}/ p;] p; d]+ g sf]O{ u'gfx xf] cf}/ g l/Ztf]+ gftf]+ sf] tf]8ร gf . __ xd g] sxf P] cNnfx s] /;"n xd ;eL nf]u ox k;Gb s/t] x}+ . cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfof tf] t'd d]+ ;] sf]O{ dl:hb d]+ Sof]+ gxL+ hftf tfls cNnfx sL lstfa sL

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٧

bf] cfot]+ ;Lv] of k9Þ], ox p; s] lnP bf] pmF6lgof]+ ;] a]xt/ x},+ tLg cfot]+ xf]+ tf] tLg pmF6lgof]+ ;] a]xt/ x}+ cf}/ rf/ cfot]+ rf/ pmF6lgof]+ ;], O;L k|sf/ lhtgL cfot]+ xf]+ ptg] pmF6f]+ ;] a]xt/ x}+ . - d'l:nd !÷%%#_ ‡x I 6R g I R R PF(I T P I F@ R P&R ˆ ^ @L KOI# 4P $F = I eK I I I HF P I )): GF FH I (( ‡x I 6R g I R R PF(I T P I F@ R P&R ˆ ^ @L OK I# 4P $F = I„" P I qI „ I €F p P ^ I I cf}/ cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfof hf] zV; ls;L P];L hux a}7f lh; d]+ p; g] cNnfx sf] ofb g lsof tf] jx cNnfx sL t/km\ ;] p; s] lnP g's\; Þ fg sf ;aa xf]uL cf}/ hf] zV; ls;L hux n]6f lh; d]+ p; g] cNnfx sf] ofb g lsof tf] jx -n]6gf_ p; s] lnP cNnfx sL cf]/ ;] g's;fgb]x ;flat xf]uf . -ca"bfpmb $÷@^$cflb cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldc\Þ %÷#$@ _

‰!I M# 4P $F I R P&R ˆ M @L OK I# 4P $F = R„ P I ;z P HF Š I FdI I )) : GF FH I 4P 'M $F I F ‚F tˆ I K ^ I 4P 'M IOS (I tˆ I K 3^F& ‡x I 6R 4P '^ PF(I F F@.S ^ 4P '^ J5^ I 9F(I cf}/ cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfofM ha sf]O{ sÞf}d ls;L dhln; d]+ a}7\][ cf}/ p; hux cNnfx sf] ofb g s/] cf}/ ckg] gaL k/ b?b g k9Þ] tf] P];L dhln; pg s] lnP g's;fgb]x ;flat xf]uL . lkm/ cu/ cNnfx rfx] tf] P];L sÞf}d sf] chÞfa b] of pGx]+ dfkm s/ b] . - lqldhÞL cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!$)_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูจ

.S ^ R !P &R ย F P M @L OK I#.F ย ` Rย P I P R F P M P eL I# ;` P HF P R I )) : GF FH I (( ย = I P /I 4P 'M $F F F@ I ` I /R nR F Pd^ ^ ?K R P (I P M FH cf}/ cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfofM ha sf]O{ sร f}d P];L dhln; ;] p7tL x} lh; d]+ pGxf]+ g] cNnfx sf lhร qm g lsof xf] tf] jx ubx] sL -ab\a"bf/_ nfz h};L rLh+ ;] p7tL x} cf}/ jx dhln; pg s] lnP gljr o unker dk dkj.k xf]uL . -ca"bfpmb $รท@^$ , d':gb\ cx\db\ @รท#*( cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร 'n\ hfldc\ร %รท!&^_

1- gL+b ;] hfug] s] afb sL b'cร fP+ (( M P o M ~$ R P$F ^ I I 6I I )F I I P I I I /P )F Q P OR $S R ย $R M P 7 I $K F )) -1 != ;a tf/Lkm]+ cNnfx s] lnP x}+ lh; g] xd]+ df/g] s] afb lhร Gbf lsof cf}/ p;L sL t/km\ p7s/ hfgf x} . -a'vร f/L kmt\xร 'n\af/L s] ;fy !!รท!!# , d'l:nd $รท@)*# _

I 2M I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I P# ^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F )) ย 2 h I h .S ^ I !F$ ^ .F I R ย $R M P 7 I $K I g F I75P,M . z P# R HF tk VP I ย @L 9F(I ((9P $R P R ย K m J I 4^ Pย R I $K VJ R I $K R ย $ ^ .S ^ ย F N HL.F I GF P /I F. I M 5I@K )F @= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt s] nfos+ gxL+, jx cs]nf x}, p;sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ , p;L s] lnP afbzfxL x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhร k/ sร flb/

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٩

x} . cNnfx kfs x} cf}/ ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} cf}/ cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf df\Þa"b gxL+ cf}/ cNnfx ;a ;] a8Þf x} cf}/ a'nGbL cf}/ ch\dt\ jfn] cNnfx sL dbb\ s] lagf g ls;L rLhÞ ;] arg] sL tfst x} cf}/ g s'5 s/g] sL s'Jjt . P] d]/] /a d'em] aVz b] . - hf] cfbdL /ft sf] ls;L eL ;do hfu] cf}/ hfug] s] afb ox b'cf k9Þ] tf] p;] aVÞz lbof hftf x}, lkm/ olb sf]O{ b'cf s/] tf] p; sL b'cf sÞa"n xf]tL x}, lkm/ olb p7 v8Þf xf] j'h" s/] cf}/ gdfhÞ k9Þ] tf] p; sL gdfhÞ sÞa"n xf]tL x} . a'vf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy #÷#( , zAb OAg] dfhf s] x}+ b]lvP ;xLx OAg] dfhf @@##%_

9P !R/ P M VN !F(I 1N I I Q P R I dI 9P &R 9P ^ F& I( Q P OR $S R $R M P 7 I $K F )) Z . (( R ^ @K OR ^ VP $R F R )F I #= ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} lh; g] d]/] abg\ sf] x/

ls+:d sL aLdfl/of]+ ;] kfs /vf cf}/ d]/L hfg sf] d]/] abg\ d]+ nf}6f bL cf}/ d'em] ckg] lhÞqm sL Ohfh+t bL . -lqldhÞL %÷$&# cf}/ ;xL lqldhL #÷!$$_

É#≈n=ÏF÷z$#uρ ÇÚö‘F{$#uρ ÏN¨uθ≈yϑ¡¡9$# È,ù=yz ’Îû "χÎ) 

tβρã ä.õ‹tƒ tÏ%©!$# ∩⊇⊃∪ É=≈t6ø9F{$# ’Í<'ρT[{ ;M≈tƒUψ Í‘$pκ¨]9$#uρ È≅øŠ©9$# È,ù=yz ’Îû tβρã ¤6x tGtƒuρ öΝÎγÎ/θãΖã_ 4’n?tãuρ #YŠθãèè%uρ $Vϑ≈uŠÏ% ©!$# WξÏÜ≈t/ #x‹≈yδ |Mø)n=yz $tΒ $uΖ−/u‘ ÇÚö‘F{$#uρ ÏN¨uθ≈uΚ¡¡9$#

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٢٠

È≅½zô‰è? tΒ y7¯ΡÎ) !$sΨ−/u‘ ∩⊇⊇∪ Í‘$¨Ζ9$# z>#x‹tã $sΨÉ)sù y7sΨ≈ysö6ß™ !$sΨ−/§‘ ∩⊇⊄∪ 9‘$|ÁΡr& ôÏΒ tÏϑÏ=≈©à=Ï9 $tΒuρ ( …çµtF÷ƒu“÷zr& ô‰s)sù u‘$¨Ζ9$# öΝä3În/u Î/ (#θãΨÏΒ#u ÷βr& Ç≈yϑƒM∼Ï9 “ÏŠ$sΨム$ZƒÏŠ$sΨãΒ $sΨ÷èÏϑy™ $sΨ¯ΡÎ) $sΨÏ?$t↔Íh‹y™ $¨Ψtã ö Ïe Ÿ2uρ $sΨt/θçΡèŒ $uΖs9 ö Ï øî$$sù $sΨ−/u‘ 4 $¨ΨtΒ$t↔sù 4’n?tã $sΨ¨?‰tãuρ $tΒ $sΨÏ?#uuρ $sΨ−/u‘ ∩⊇⊂∪ Í‘#u ö/F{$# yìtΒ $sΨ©ùuθs?uρ yŠ$yèŠÎRùQ$# ß#Ï=øƒéB Ÿω y7¯ΡÎ) 3 Ïπyϑ≈uŠÉ)ø9$# tΠöθtƒ $tΡÍ“øƒéB Ÿωuρ y7Ï=ߙ①5≅Ïϑ≈tã Ÿ≅uΗxå ßì‹ÅÊé& Iω ’ÏoΤr& öΝßγš/u‘ öΝßγs9 z>$yftFó™$$sù ∩⊇⊆∪ tÏ%©!$$sù ( <Ù÷èt/ .ÏiΒ Νä3àÒ÷èt/ ( 4s\Ρé& ÷ρr& @ x.sŒ ÏiΒ Νä3ΨÏiΒ (#θè=tG≈s%uρ ’Ì?‹Î6y™ ’Îû (#ρèŒρé&uρ öΝÏδÍ ≈tƒÏŠ ÏΒ (#θã_Í ÷zé&uρ (#ρã y_$yδ “Í øgrB ;M≈¨Ζy_ öΝßγ¨Ψn=Ï{ôŠ_{uρ öΝÎκÌE$t↔Íh‹y™ öΝåκ÷]tã ¨βu Ïe x._{ (#θè=ÏFè%uρ …çνy‰ΨÏã ª!$#uρ 3 «!$# ωΨÏã ôÏiΒ $\/#uθrO ã ≈yγ÷ΡF{$# $pκÉJøtrB ÏΒ

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٢١

’Îû (#ρã x x. tÏ%©!$# Ü===s)s? y7¯Ρ§ äótƒ Ÿω ∩⊇∈∪ É>#uθ¨W9$# ßó¡ãm ߊ$yγÎRùQ$# }§ø⁄Î/uρ 4 ãΜ¨Ζyγy_ öΝßγ1uρù'tΒ ¢ΟèO ×≅ŠÏ=s% Óì≈tFtΒ ∩⊇∉∪ ω≈n=Î6ø9$# ÏΒ “Í øgrB ×M≈¨Ψy_ öΝçλm; öΝßγ−/u‘ (#öθs)¨?$# tÏ%©!$# ÇÅ3≈s9 ∩⊇∠∪ $tΒuρ 3 «!$# ωΨÏã ôÏiΒ Zωâ“çΡ $pκQÏù šÏ$Í#≈yz ã ≈yγ÷ΡF{$# $uηÏFøtrB É=≈tGÅ6ø9$# È≅÷δr& ôÏΒ ¨βÎ)uρ ∩⊇∇∪ Í‘#u ö/F|Ïj9 Ö ö yz «!$# y‰ΨÏã öΝÎκöQs9Î) tΑÍ“Ρé& !$tΒuρ öΝä3ø‹s9Î) tΑÍ“Ρé& !$tΒuρ «!$$Î/ ßÏΒ÷σムyϑs9 y7Íׯ≈s9'ρé& 3 ¸ξŠÏ=s% $YΨyϑrO «!$# ÏM≈tƒ$t↔Î/ tβρã yIô±o„ Ÿω ¬! tÏèϱ≈yz É>$|¡Åsø9$# ßìƒÎ | ©!$# "χÎ) 3 óΟÎγÎn/u‘ y‰ΨÏã öΝèδã ô_r& öΝßγs9 (#θäÜÎ/#u‘uρ (#ρã Î/$|¹uρ (#ρã É9ô¹$# (#θãΨtΒ#u šÏ%©!$# $y㕃r'¯≈tƒ ∩⊇∪ (٢٠٠-١٩٠‫) ل ان‬

〈 ∩⊄⊃⊃∪ šχθßsÏ=ø è? öΝä3¯=yès9 ©!$# (#θà)¨?$#uρ

$= a]zs\ cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg sL k}bfOz\ cf}/ /ft lbg s]

x]/&Qsj d]+ cSÞn\ jfnf]+ s] lnP lgzflgofF x}+ . hf] v8Þ] , a}7] , cf}/ n]6] x/ xÞfnt\ d]+ cNnfx sf] ofb s/t] x}+ cf}/ cf;dfgf]+

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٢٢

cf}/ hÞdLg sL k}bfOz\ d]+ ;f]r&fopkj djrs x}+ cf}/ sxt] x}+ P] xdf/] /a t"g] OGx]+ a]ds+\;b gxL+ k}bf lsof x} . t" kfs x} ctM xd]+ hxGgd s] chÞfa ;] arf n] . P] xdf/] /a lh;sf] t" g] hxGgd\ d]+ 8fnf tf] cjZo p;] t" g] ?:fjf lsof cf}/ hÞflndf]+ sf sf]O{ dbb\uf/ gxL+ . P] xdf/] /a xd g] Ps k'sf/g] jfn] sf] ;'gf hf] O{dfg s] lnP k'sf/ /xf yf ls ckg] /a k/ O{dfg nfcf] tf] xd O{dfg n] cfP . P] xdf/] /a xdf/] u'gfxf]+ sf] dfkm km/df b] cf}/ xdf/] u'gfxf]+ sf] xd ;] ld6f b] cf}/ d/g] s] afb xd]+ g]s aGbf]+ s] ;fy s/ b] . P] xdf/] /a t"g] lhg lhg rLhÞf]+ s] af/] d]+ xd ;] ckg] k}u+ÞDa/f]+ s] hÞafgL jfb] lsP x}+ jx xd]+ ctf s/ cf}/ lsÞofdt\ s] lbg xd]+ ?:fjf g s/gf . O; d]+ s'5 zs\ gxL+ ls t" jfbf lvÞnfkmL gxL+ s/tf . pqukaps muds jc us mudh nqvk d+cwy dj yh fd rqe esa ls fdlh dke djus okys ds dke dks pkgs og enZ gks ;k vkSjr eSa dHkh u"V ugha djrk] rqe vkil esa ,d nwljs ls gks] blfy, og yksx ftUgksa us fgt~jr dh vkSj vius ?kjksa ls fudky fn;s x;s vkSj ftUgsa esjh jkg esa d"V nh xbZ vkSj ftUgksa us ftgkn fd;k vkSj ’kghn fd, x,] eSa vo'; mudh cqjkbZ;k¡ muls nwj dj nw¡xk vkSj vo'; mUgsa mu tUurksa esa ys tkÅ¡xk ftu ds uhps ugjsa cg jgh gSa] ;g gS lokc ¼iq.;½ vYykg dh vksj ls vkSj vYykg gh ds ikl csgrjhu cnyk gSA rq>s dkfQjksa dk uxjksa esa pyuk fQjuk /kks[ks esa u Mky nsA ;g rks cgqr gh FkksM+k ykHk gS] mlds ckn mudk fBdkuk tgUue gS vkSj og cqjk LFkku gSA ysfdu tks yksx vius jc ls Mjrs jgs muds fy, tUursa gSa ftu ds uhps ugjsa cg jgh gSa] mu esa og ges'kk jgsa xs ;g esgekuh gS vYykg dh vksj ls

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٢٣

vkSj usd yksxksa ds fy, tks dqN vYykg rvkyk ds ikl gS og cgqr gh csgrj gSA vo'; vgys fdrkc esa ls dqN ,sls Hkh gSa tks vYykg rvkyk ij bZeku ykrs gSa vkSj rqEgkjh vksj tks mrkjk x;k gS vkSj mudh vksj tks mrjk ml ij Hkh] vYykg rvkyk ls Mjrs gSa vkSj vYykg rvkyk dh vk;rksa dks FkksM+h&FkksM+h d+her ij csprs Hkh ugha] mudk cnyk muds jc ds ikl gS] fu%lUnsg vYykg rvkyk tYn fglkc ysus okyk gSA ,s bZeku okyks! rqe MVs jgks vkSj ,d nwljs dks Fkkes j[kks vkSj ftgkn ds fy, rS;kj jgks vkSj vYykg rvkyk ls Mjrs jgks rkfd rqe dke;kc gksA ¼vky bezku%190&200½ -a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n\ af/L s] ;fy *÷@#& , d'l:nd !÷%#)_

2- sk8 sk8Þf kxgg kxgg] sL b'cf G` P !I/ ^ P‚F P R R P ^HF]I I I (m I S?$ ) FO2I 9P ^ I @F Q P OR $S R ‹$R M P 7 I $K F)) -5 (( ‡… N HL.F I 9P J R %= ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} lh; g] d'em] ox -sk8Þf_ kxgfof cf}/ d]/L ls;L tfsÞt\ s] auÞ}/ d'em] ctf lsof . -ca"bfpmb , lqldhÞL , OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP Ojf{pn\ uÞnLn\ &÷$&_

3- gof sk8 ' cf sk8Þf kxgg] kxgg] sL b'bcf !I ^ PaI I R ^ PaI P R I L+F,P )F R P ^6I P I @F T I P)F M P 7 I $K I $F 4N M'‹$F )) -6 (( M $F qI ^8 M I J I I R J I P R I ^ L P (M )F I M $F qI ^8 M

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูขูค

^= P] cNnfx t]/] xL lnP tf/Lkm x} t" g] d'em] ox kxgfof ,

d}+ t'em ;] O; sL enfO{ cf}/ lh; rLhร s] lnP O;] agfof uof x} p; sL enfO{ rfxtf x"F . cf}/ O; sL a'/fO{ ;] cf}/ lh; rLhร s] lnP O;] agfof uof x} p; sL a'/fO{ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . -ca"bfpmb ,lqldhL , auร jL cf}/ b]lvP z}vร cn\afgL -/lx_ sL lstfa d'Vร t;/ zdfOn lqldhL k[i7 $&_

4- gof sk8 sk8ร f kxgg] kxgg] jfn] jfn] s] lnP b'cf (( 9F$ I 6I ย | M R_ P M# I 9P R5P6M )) -7 & = t" O;] k'/fgf s/] cf}/ cNnfx tcfnf O; s] afb cf}/

H+ofbf sk8+] ctf s/] . - ca"bfpmb $รท$!, b]lvP ;xLx ca" bfpmb @@&^)_

. = P '^ I T P M I = P R /I ย P (R I = P# R dI ย P 5^$K ^ ย 8 * = gof sk8ร f kxg\ , tf/Lkm jfnL lhร GbuL u'hร f/ cf}/

zxLb xf] s] d/ . - OAg] dfhf @รท!!&* auร jL !@รท$! cf}/ b]lvP ;xL OAg] dfhf @รท@&%_

5โ

sk8 sk8fร ptf/] ptf/] tf] tf] Sof k9 k9ร ] < (( g 4^ P ^ )) -9

( = cNnfx s] gfd s] ;fy . -lqldhL @รท%)% ;xร Lx'n\ hfldcร \ #รท@)# cf}/ b]lvP cn\Ojf{ xbL; g)โ $(_

lx:g'n d'l:nd 6-

٢٥

a}t'n&vnf -zf}rfno_ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] sL b'cf (( s R rR I5_ I $K I s R 5M_ M $K I R I ^ L P (M )F 9P J ^ 4N 'M ‹$ [ g 4^ P ^ ] )) Œ10

!)= [ cNnfx s] gfd ;]]

P] cNnfx d}+ vÞaL;f]+ cf}/ vÞaL;lgof]+ -g/ cf}/ dfbf z}tfgf]+_ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F .

- a'vf/L !÷$% d'l:nd !÷@*# z'? d]+ lal:dNnfx sL j[l4 ;'gg\ ;cLb lag\ dG;"/ d]+ x} . b]lvP kmt\x'n\af/L !÷@$$

7-

a}t'n&vnf -zf}rfno_ ;] lgsng] sL b'cf (( I I I K ‚L )) Œ11

!!= -P] cNnfx d}+_ t]/L aVÞlzz\ dfFutf x"F . -lqldhL , ca"bfpmb , OAg] dfhf, cdn'n of}d jn&n}nf g;fO{, b]lvP tv/Lh h+fb'n dcfb @@#*&)

8-

j'h" ;] kxn] sL b'cf (( g 4^ P ^ ))Œ12

!@= cNnfx s] gfd ;] z'? s/tf x"F . -ca"bfpmb , OAg] dfhf , d':gb\ cx\db\, b]lvP Ojf{pn unLn !@!@@_

lx:g'n d'l:nd 9-j'h"

٢٦

;] kmfl/uÞ\ xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf

= !N 7 I M S )F M 'I P )F I M $F I P# ^ I .F M I /P I h S. ^ I $^ .F K )F M 'I P )F )) Œ13 (( M $L P ,M I I M M 5P(I !#= d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls cNnfx s] cnfjf sf]O{ df\a"b gxL+ .

jx cs]nf x} , p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ cf}/ d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls d'xÞDdb p; s] aGb] cf}/ /;"n x}+ . -d'l:nd !@@)(_ (( I P# ^ 'J €F I M $K I R 9P ^K I dP I I P ^ N N$ I R 9P ^K I dP 4N 'M S$F )) Œ14 !$= P] cNnfx d'em] ax't clws tf}af s/g] jfnf]+ d]+ ;] agf

b] cf}/ d'em] kfs ;fkm /xg] jfnf]+ d]+ ;] agf b] . -lqldhL !÷&*cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷!* _

‘I M R P I,P )F T I P)F .S ^ I $^ .S K )F M 'I P )F ‘I R P 7 I ^ I 4N 'M ‹$F I I I75P,M )) Œ15 (( I P$F ^ m M P 6M)F I !%= P] cNnfx t" x/ P]a ;] kfs x} cf}/ t]/] xL lnP ;a

tf/Lkm x} . d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf df\a"b gxL+ . d}+ t'em ;] dfkmL rfxtf x"F cf}/ t'em xL ;] tf}af s/tf x"F . - Odfd g;fO{ sL lstfa cdn'n\ of}ld jNn}nf k[i7 !&# cf}/ b]lvP Ojf{pn\ unLn !÷!#% tyf @÷($ _

10-

3/ ;] lgsnt] ' cf lgsnt] ;do sL b'bcf

(( g ^ .S ^ ‡F N HL.F I GF P /I .F I g 9F(I T M K @S I 6I g 4^ P ^ )) Œ16

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٢٧

!^= cNnfx s] gfd ;] . d}+ g] cNnfx k/ e/f];f lsof cf}/

cNnfx sL dbb\ s] lagf g ls;L rLhÞ ;] arg] sL lxDdt x} g s'5 s/g] sL tfsÞt . -ca"bfpmb $÷#@% , lqldhL %÷$() b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhL #÷!%! _

GS ]I )L P )F GS ]^ )F P )F S p I )L P )F S p R )F K )F I ^ L P (M )F 9P J ^ 4N 'M ‹$F )) ÂŒ17 (( 9N F(I F 'I „ P M# P )F F 'I dP )F P )F 4I FjK )L P )F 4I RjK )F P )F !&= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F O; aft ;] ls u'Df/fx xf] hfpmF of d'em] u'Df/fx lsof hfP of d}+ lkm;n\ hfpmF of d'em] lkm:fnfof hfP of d}+ ls;L k/ h'Nd s?F of sf]O{ d'em k/ h'Nd s/] of d}+ ls;L k/ lhxfnt\ j gfbfgL s?F of sf]O{ d'em k/ lhxfnt\ j gfbfgL s/] . -ca"bfpmb , lqldhL , lg;fO{ , OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLx lqldhL #÷!%@ cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷##^ _

11-

3/ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]t] ;do sL b'cf

(( I K @S I 6I I J I g 9F(I I I dP I aI g 4^ P ^ I I „ P $F I g 4^ P ^ )) Œ18 !*= cNnfx s] gfd ;] xd bflvÞn\ x'P , cNnfx s] gfd s]

;fy lgsn] cf}/ ckg] /a cNnfx xL k/ xd g] e/f];f lsof . fQj og vius ?kj okyksa dks lyke djsA -ca"bfpmb $÷#@%, vYykek bCus ckt+ us rksgQrqy v[;kj esa bl dh lun dks glu dgk gS] nsf[k;s i`"B 28] vkSj lghg eqfLye esa gS fd% ^^ tc vkneh vius ?kj esa nkf[ky gksrs le; vkSj [kkuk [kkrs le; vYykg dk ft+dz djrk

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٢٨ gS rks ’kSrku dgrk gS rqEgkjs fy, jkr fcrkus dh txg gS u [kkuk**A eqfLye 2018_

12-dl:hb

sL t/km\ t/km\ hfg] sL b'cf

9P R P ,I 9P &R I = P M 9P ^ I $R 9P &R I = P M 9P 5^K HF 9P &R K I dP 4N 'M ‹$F )) ÂŒ19 P !I( I = P M 9P R7 P 6I P R I = P M 9P HR P &F P R I = P M Q P ^ I I 9P &R I = P M = P M 9P R K aI P R I = P M 9P R I )F P R I = P M 9P $R I R P (I I = P M 9P ^ P R I# K !I dP I = P M 9P $R 4P ÂŽÂ? (I I = P M 9P $R 4P ÂŽR (P )F I = P M 9P g K I 9P &R K I dP I 9P 5^!I (I 9P !R& K I dP I = P M 9P ^€R (P )F N4'M ‹$ = P M 9P ^K I dP I = P M 9P $R 9P !R& I = P M Q P ^ P I 9P &R I = P M 9P R I1 9P &R I = P M 9P R 7 P $F 9P &R I = P M [V R !FÂŽ(R V!R& = P M I ..0 ^ 5PHF V&R = P M VP $R K I dP 4N 'M S$ ] = P M Q P ^ o I I (([ ` P M ”9F(I = P M V$R c P 2I I ] [ = P M V ^1P ]^ I = P M V ^1P ]^ I = P M V ^1P ]^ I ] !(= P] cNnfx d]/] lbn\ d]+ g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/L hĂžafg d]+ g"/

agf b] cf}/ d]/] sfgf]+ d]+ g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/L cfFvf]+ d]+ g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] pmk/ g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] gLr] g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] bfPF cf}/ afPF g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] cfu] cf}/ kL5] g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] k|f0f d]+ g"/ e/ b] cf}/ d]/] lnP g"/ sf] ljzfn cf}/ ax't clws a8Ăžf agf b] cf}/ d]/] abg d]+ g"/ e/ b] cf}/ d'em] g"/ agf b] . P] cNnfx d'em] g"/ ctf s/ cf}/ d]/L dfF;k]lzof]+ -kÂśf]+_ d]+ g"/ e/ b] cf}/ d]/] uf]Zt d]+ g"/ e/ b] cf}/ d]/] vĂž"g d]+ g"/ k}bf s/ b] cf}/ d]/] afnf]+ d]+

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٢ي

g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] rd8Þ] d]+ g"/ e/ b] . -a'vÞf/L !!@!!^ xbL; g)— ^#!^, d'l:nd !@%@^, %@(, %#), xbL; g)—&^# _

Âż,s vYykg esjh d+cz esa esjs fy, uwj cuk ns vkSj esjh gfM~M;ksa esa Hkh uwj cuk nsAĂ€ Âźf=fet+h gnhl u- 3419] 5@483½ ÂżvkSj esjs uwj dks c<+k ns] esjs uwj dks vf/kd dj ns vkSj esjs uwj dks c<+k nsAĂ€ Âźbls beke cq[kkjh us vncqy&eqQ~jn gnhl u-695] i`"B

u-258 esa fjok;r fd;k gS] vkSj vYykek vyckuh us lghgqy vnfcy&eqQjn gnhl u-536 esa bldh lun dks lghg dgk gS½

ÂżvkSj eq>s uwj ij uwj vrk djAĂ€ Âźbls bCus gtz us QRgqy ckjh esa

ft+Ă˜ fd;k gS vkSj bCus vkfle dh rjQ eu~lwc fd;k gS fd mUgksa us bls fdrkcqn&nqvk esa ft+Ă˜ fd;k gS] nsf[k, QRgqyckjh 11@118 vkSj dgk gS fd eq[rfyQ fjok;rksa ls Âź25½ pht+sa tek gks xbZaA½

13-

dl:hb d]+ bflvĂžn\ xf]g] sL b'cf

I !R 4^ P# R !Fe$K R ^ F€K ,M I 4^ P# ^ \F $K R ^'dP I ^ I 4^ RŽ I $K g ^ L P (M )F )) Œ20 G^ P !M, I 9F(I ;M % F N $ I ] (•)[‡L % F N $ I g 4^ P ^] (W)(( 4^ Pd^ N $ R F€ Po N $ .(�)(( I R I /P I m I I

P)F 9P $R –P I&K 4N 'M ‹$F (Z)[ g @)= d}+ chÞ\dt\ jfn] cNnfx sL cf}/ p; s] s/Ld r]x/] sL

cf}/ p; s] xd]zf ;] /xg] jfn] /fHo sL kgfx rfxtf x"F db{"b z}tfg ;] . cNnfx s] gfd ;] -bflvÞn\ xf]tf x"F _ cf}/ /;"n'Nnfx k/ b?b j ;nfd xf] . P] cNnfx d]/] lnP ckgL /xÞ\dt\ s] b/jfhÞ] vf]n b] . Ÿ-!_ ca"bfpmb b]lvP ;xÞLx'n\hfldcÞ\ xÞbL; g)—$%(! -@_ Oag':;'GgL xÞbL; g)—** z}vÞ

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٣٠ cn\afgL -/lx_ g] O;] x;gÞ sxf x} . -#_ ca"bfpmb !÷!@^ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\ !÷%@* -$_ d'l:nd !÷$($= lqquu bCus ektk esa Qkfrek jft+;Yykgq vUgk dh gnhl esa gS%

((- m

) & 4' $ )) ^^ ,s vYykg rw esjs xqukgksa dks c['k ns vkSj esjs fy, viuh jger ds njokt+s [kksy nsA** vYykek vyckuh us bl gnhl dks blds ’kokfgn dh fcuk ij lghg dgk gSA nsf[k, lghg bCus ektk 1@128&129½

14 -

dl:hb ;] lgsng] sL b'cf

P !R I L+F!P,)F 9P J ^ 4N 'M $ g G^ P ,M I 9F(I L % F N $ g 4^ P ^)) 21 (( 4^ Pd^ N $ R F Po N $ I R 9P ^ P R (P 4N 'M $F I R" P &F @!= cNnfx s] gfd s] ;fy cf}/ ;nft j ;nfd gflhÞn\ xf]

/;"n'Nnfx k/ . P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] t]/] kmHn sf ;jfn s/tf x"F . P] cNnfx d'em] db{"b z}tfg ;] arf . -fiNyh gnhl u-20 dh fjok;rksa ds gokys nsf[k, vkSj ^^ R F Po N $ I R 9P ^ P R (P 4N 'M $F 4^ Pd^ N $ ** dk bt+kQk bCus ektk us fd;k gSA b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷!@( _

15 –

chÞfg sL b'cÞfPF

22 df]clHÞhÞg s] hjfa d]+ jxL slndf sx] hf] df]clHÞhg\ sx /xf xf] n]lsg -- x}Þof cn:;nft __ cf}/ -- xÞ}of cnn\ kmnfxÞ__ s] hjfa d]+ --nf xÞf}nf jnf sÞ'Jjtf ONnf laNnfx__ sx] . -a'vÞf/L !÷!%@ d'l:nd !÷@**_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฃูก

23 - df]clHร hg\ s] --cZfxb' cNnfOnfxf ONnNnfx cf}/ cZfxb' cGgf d'xร Ddb/{;"n'Nnfx __ k9ร g] s] afb ox b'cf k9ร M] M M !P5(I = !N 7 I M S )F I M $F I P# ^ I .F M I /P I h S. ^ I $^ .S K )F M 'I P )F I )F I )) (( = P#1R ;^ % F ,P uR$K ^ I .= P ,M N ย N 7 I M ^ I = ย I R ย $ ^ T M Pp R I )) M $L P ,M I I cf}/ d}+ eL ujfxL b]tf x"F ls cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf dfa"b gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ cf}/ df]xร Ddb p; s] aGb] cf}/ /;"n x}+ . d}+ cNnfx sf] ckgf /a dfgs/ cf}/ df]xร Ddb sf] ckgf /;"n dfg s/ cf}/ O:nfd sf] ckgf bLg dfgs/ /fhL x"F . -OAg] v'h}df !รท@@) d'l;nd !รท@()_

24 โ df]clHร h+g\ s] hjfa ;] kmfl/uร \ xf] s/ /;"n'Nnfx

k/ ;nft -b?b] d:fg"g_ k9ร ] . -d'l:nd !รท@**_ = !N 7 I M * R B nR !I rR Fe$K ย R % F N $ I nR N N $ ย R I (P N $ R OR 2I m N I 4N 'M ย $F)))ย 25 | M R_ P 6M .F I N ^ ] M 6N I( I Q P OR $S =1P M 7 P I = Fe I M ?K I P I nF F P" R F $K I nF F P,R I $K [1I I P R $K @%= P] cNnfx O; d'sDdn\ bfjt\ cf}/ sร fO{d\ ;nft s]

/a\ . d'xร Ddb sf] j;Lnf cf}/ kmhร Lnt\ k|bfg s/ cf}/ pGx]+ p; d'sร fd] dxร \d"b k/ v8ร f s/ lh; sf t" g] pg ;] jfbf lsof x} . a]zs\ t" jfbf lvnfkmL gxL+ s/tf . - a'vร f/L !รท!%@, bf]gf]+ sf]:6 s] aLr s] zAb a}xsร L s] x}+, !@$!) O; sL ;gb\ dks z}vร lag\ afhร jfgegqYykg us t'x\kร mt'n\ cvร \of/ i`"B 38 esa glu dgk gSA_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฃูข

26- chร fg cf}/ Osร fdt\ -ts\aL/_ s] aLr ckg] lnP b'cf

s/] Sof]+ls p; ;do b'cf gxL+ /b\ sL hftL . -lqldhL, ca"bfpmb, cxdb, b]lvP Ojf{pn\ uร nLn !รท@^@_

16 โ

gdfhร z'? s/g] sL b'cfP fPยก

cNnfx' cs\a/\ sx s/ gdfhร z'? s/] cf}/ Og b'cfcf]+ d]+ ;] sf]O{ b'cf k9ร ] M b ^ ^ !Po I $K I P I * I P (I I I @F Q I I# Fย aI I P I I 9P ^ P I P (R I 4N 'M S$F )) โ 27 I !R ย M I PuF$K m M P ?S$ 9Se IM# I @F Q I I# Fย Ia P R 9P ^eS I 4N 'M S$ m ^ ^ P I $K I (( 1R I 5I$K I tg I $K I ย ^ K ?S$ ^ Q I I# Fย aI P R 9^ K g ย K 4N 'M S$ ย ^ I N $ @& = P] cNnfx d]/] cf}/ d]/] u'gfxf]+ s] aLr dzl/s+ cf}/

du+l/a lhtgL b"/L s/ b] . P] cNnfx d'em] d]/] u'gfxf]+ ;] O; t/x kfs j ;fkm s/ b] lh; t/x ;km]b sk8ร f d}n s'r}n ;] ;fkm lsof hftf x} . P] cNnfx d'em] d]/] u'gfxf]+ ;] akm\{, kfgL cf}/ cf]nf]+ s] ;fy wf] b] . - a'vf/L !รท!*! d'l:nd !รท$!( _

I $F ^ .F I ย I ~ dI 9F$ I 6I I I M ,P ย I I I56I I ย I R P 7 I ^ I 4I 'M ย $F I I I75P,M ))ย 28 (( ย I M Pย F @*= P] cNnfx t" kfs x} cf}/ x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm l;km{ t]/]

xL lnP x} . afa/st\ x} t]/f gfd cf}/ a'nGb x} t]/L zfg cf}/ t]/] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf dfร a"b gxL+ .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฃูฃ -ca"bfpmb , lqldhL , g;fO{ , OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L !รท&& cf}/ ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf !รท!#%_

!I )F I I = P ^/I ย I P uF$K I * R I I N $ I ย F &F 0O $ V'd T M 'P dN I ))ย 29 m J I R !ย $R 9P 6R I I I Q I I 7 P I I 9P \R M M I ย %8 S ^ I P@R ^ o P M $K I R T I P)F 4N 'M ย $F . I P R R P M $K I R I )F I * M P R )L I $RO^ I M $F I P# ^ I .F I P R $F I $K T M &K I I(P I VP g K I T M P FjF ย I M 5P(I I )F I 9P J I T I F) . T I P)F .S ^ I $^ .F M R I $K VP ^ R !P2 I . T I P)F .S ^ m I P MOย $ M R P I# .F M N ^ = P R Id VP ^ P M L VP $R P R ย K F& 9P 5^ POF ^ I'+F J!I, VP J(I { P ^ 8 P I T I P)F .S ^ I' ^ I /P uF$R Q P R 'P I# .F b ^% F aP uF$K ^ I /P uF$R I P# I !I ^ M ย @L M P_ I $K I I P# I P ,I I I P 5N$F T I P)F .S ^ I'+F J,I VP J(I { M ^ P I#.F m M P !M6)F I ย I M R P I,P )F T I P$F I 6I I T I @K I I56I I P$F ^ I I ^ I )F I P$F ^ ย I P$F ~ o N $ .(( I P$F ^ @(= d}+ g] ckgf r]x/f p; hร ft sL t/km\ km]/ lnof ftl us

vklekuksa vkSj t+ehu dks cuk;k PS;" -Psfu|lrt\_ xf] s/ cf}/ d}+ d'z\l/sf]+ d]+ ;] gxL+ x"F . d]/L gdfhร d]/L s'ร /afgL , d]/L lhร GbuL cf}/ d]/L df}t cNnfx /Aa'n\ cfndLg s] lnP x} . p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ cf}/ d'em] O;L csร Lb] k/ O{dfg /vg] sf x'Sd lbof uof x} cf}/ d}+ d';ndfgf]+ d]+ ;] x"F . P] cNnfx t" xL afbzfx x}, t]/] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf dfa"b gxL+, t" xL d]/f /a\ x} cf}/ d}+ t]/f aGbf x"F d}+ g] ckg] cfk k/ h+ร 'Nd lsof x} cf}/ ckg] u'gfxf]+ sf Osร /f/ s/tf x"F . O; lnP d]/] ;f/] u'gfxf]+ sf] aVร z b] Sof]+ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ cf}/ u'gfxf]+ sf] gxL+ aVร z ;stf . cf}/ d'em] ;a ;] cR5] cvร nfsร -:jefj_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٣٤

sL cf]/ lxbfot\ b] cf}/ ;a ;] cR5] cvÞnfsÞ sL cf]/ lxbfot\ t]/] l;jf sf]O{ gxL+ b] ;stf . P] cNnfx d}+ Oafbt s] lnP xflh+/ x"F t]/L tf/Lkm s] lnP xflh+/ x"F cf}/ x/ k|sf/ sL enfO{ t]/] xfyf]+ d]+ x} cf}/ a'/fO{ sL lg:fat\ t]/L t/km\ gxL+ sL hf ;stL . d}+ t]/L tf}kmLs+ ;] x"F cf}/ t]/L cf]/ d'tjHh]x x",F t" a/st\ jfnf cf}/ a'nGb x} . d}+ t'em\ ;] dfkmL dfFutf x"F cf}/ tf}af s/tf x"F . -d'l:nd !÷%#$_ * R I I !N $ I wR F& F P&R I !P, ^ I F PrR F\P R I F PrR I 5Pd^ m J I 4N 'M ‹$F ))ÂŒ30 M F@ I P&R ‘I 1R I5(R I P I 4M \L 7 P 6I T I P)F ‡R 1I I'o N $ I c ^ P I $K 4I $R I( ž ^ P uF$K I P R 0 P R 'P 6I I N ^ I ^ K 3^ ^ ƒJ 7 I $K I R R PR& | I R MaP I $R 9P ^ R 2P R . F P L R I_ P I# R P&R (( 4` PeR I P ~  Â… I 8 R 9F$ ^ th Io6I #)= P] cNnfx ! P] lha|fO{n , dLsfO{n cf}/ O;|fkmLn s] /a\

cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg s] k}bf s/g] jfn] , uÞfoa\ cf}/ xÞflh/ sf] hfgg] jfn]! ckg] aGbf]+ s] aLr t" xL p; rLhÞ s] af/] d]+ km}l;nf s/]uf lh; d]+ j] OlVÞtnfkm s/t] y] . xsÞ\ sL lhg aftf]+ d]+ OlVÞtnfkm xf] uof x} t" ckgL Ohfht ;] d'em] ;RrfO{ sL cf]/ lxbfot\ b] b] . a]zs t" lh;] rfxtf x} ;LwL /fx sL t/km\ lxbfot\ b]tf x} . - d'l:nd !÷%#$_ R ‹$R M P 7 I $K I = P 5^@F M 5I@K F h F = P 5^@F M 5I@K )F h F = P 5^@F M 5I@K )F h F ))ÂŒ31 ‡= I !K\ M g F I75P,M I = P ?R@F R ‹$R M P 7 I $K I = P ?R@F R ‹$R M P 7 I $K I = P ?R@F R !R_ K I P !R : R F€ Po N $ I R g ^ L P (M )F )) -tLg af/ k9Þ]_ (( % = P8 R )F N .(( R v^ P 2I I R ?R K I I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٣٥

#!= cNnfx ;a ;] a8Þf x} ax't\ a8Þf, cNnfx ;a ;] a8Þf x}

ax't a8Þf, cNnfx ;a ;] a8Þf x} ax't a8Þf, cf}/ x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm l;km{ cNnfx s] lnP x} ax't H+ofbf tf/Lkm, cf}/ x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm l;km{ cNnfx s] lnP x} ax't Hofbf tf/Lkm cf}/ x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm l;km{ cNnfx s] lnP x} ax't Hofbf tf/Lkm cf}/ d}+ ;'axÞ\ j zfd cNnfx sL kfsL aofg s/tf x"¡ . ¼bl nqvk dks rhu ckj i<+s½ d}+ cNnfx sL kgfx ks8Þtf x"F z}tfg ;] p;sL km"Fs ;],p; s] y's\y'sfg] ;] cf}/ p; s] rf]s] ;] . -ofgL z}tfg s] b'ef{jgf, dqm j km/]a cf}/ j:fj;f ;] cNnfx sL kgfx rfxtf x"F _ -ca"bfpmb !÷@)# , OAg] dfhf !÷@^% , d':gb\ cx\db\ $÷*% cf}/ d'l:nd g] O;] OAg] pd/ - _ ;] l/jfot\ lsof x} ls Ps dt{af xd /;"n'Nnfx s] ;fy gdfhÞ k9Þ /x] y] ls Ps cfbdL g] sxfM -- cNnfx' cs\a/\ saL/f jn\xd\b'lnNnflx s;L/f j ;'AxÞfgNnflx a's\/tf}+ j c;Lnf__ /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof kmnfF kmnfF slndft s] ;fy b'cf dfFug] jfnf sf}g x} < xflh/ nf]uf]+ d]+ ;] Ps zV; g] sxf P] cNnfx s] /;"n d}+ x"F . cfk g] km/dfof d'em] Og slndft ;] tcÞHh'a\ x'cf ls Og s] lnP cf;dfg s] b/jfhÞ] vf]n] uP . -d'l:nd !÷$@)_

/;"n'Nnfx ha /ft sf] txHh'b\ s] lnP p7t] tf] ox b'cf k9Þt] M N '^ P&R P I I ž ^ P uF$K I * R I I N $ M P M T I P)F M P 7 I $K I $F 4N 'M ‹$F ))Œ32 M !P 7 I $K I $F I ] N '^ P&R P I I ž ^ P uF$K I * R I I N $ 4M JHF IT P)F M P 7 I $K I $F I M !K M I !F$ M P 7 I $K I $F I ] [ N '^ P&R P I I ž ^ P uF$K I * R I I N $ m ~ I T I PF)

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฃูฆ

* R I I !N $ M R I T I P)F M P 7 I $K I $F I ] [ N '^ P&R P I I ย ^ P F$K I * R I I N $ I !L$ P HF I ย ~ !I7$K ย I M (P I I ย ~ 7 I $K T I P)F] [ M P 7 I $K I $F I ] [ย ^ P uF$K I ย ยก !I/ F ~ 5^ N$ I ย ยก /I M N $ I ย ยก /I nL Nย I $K I ย ~ 7 I $K ย I th FeR$ I ~ย 7 I $K I !P F(I I T M P F!P,)F I $F 4N 'M ย $F ] ย ยก /I nL (I N $ I ย ยก /I z N 7 I M I I !P $F ^ I T M P !I8 Ia I ^ I T M 5P I)F I PF$ ^ I T M P I B I ^ I T M K @S I 6I !I I * M P I !P,)F I I * M P aN )F I I T M P N HF I VP $R P R ย K F& . T M P @F I/ .F VP ยฃR ^ T I P)F] [T I P)F .S ^ I $^ .F M aJ ยขI M $K T I P)F I ;M J eF M $K T I P)F] [T M PF(P )F .[T I P)F .S ^ I $^ #@= P] cNnfx t]/] lnP xL tf/Lkm x} t" xL cf;dfgf]+ cf}/

hร dLg sf g"/ x} cf}/ pg sf eL -g"/ x}_ hf] pg d]+ x}+ cf}/ t]/] xL lnP ;eL tf/Lkm x}, t" xL cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hร dLg sf] sร fO{d\ /vg] jfnf x} cf}/ pg sf] eL -sร fO{d\ /vg] jfnf x}_ hf] pg d]+ x}+ . cf}/ t]/] xL lnP x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm x} t" xL cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hร dLg sf /a\ x} cf}/ pg sf eL -/a x}_ hf] pg d]+ x}+ . cf}/ t]/] xL lnP tf/Lkm x} t]/] xL lnP cf;dfgf]+ tyf hร dLg sL afbzfxL x} cf}/ hf] s'5 pg d]+ x}+ . cf}/ t]/] xL lnP x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm x} t" cf;dfgf]+ tyf hร dLg sf afbzfx x} . cf}/ x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm s]jn t]/] lnP x} . rw gd+ gS] rsjk oknk gd+ gS] rsjh ckr gd+ gS] t"em ;] d'nfsร ft xร s\ร x}, hGgt\ xร s\ร x} cf}/ hxGgd\ xร s\ร x} cf}/ ;f/] k}uร Da/ xร s\ร x}+ cf}/ d'xร Ddb eL xร s\ร x}+ cf}/ sร ofdt\ xร s\ร x} . P] cNnfx d}+ t]/] lnP d';ndfg x'cf cf}/ t'em k/ d}+ g] e/f];f

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٣٧

lsof cf}/ t'emL k/ d}+ O{dfg nfof cf}/ t]/L xL t/km\ ?h"c\ lsof cf}/ t]/L dbb\ tyf t]/] e/f];] k/ d}+ g] b'Zdg\ ;] emu8Þf lsof cf}/ t'em sf] ckgf xÞflsd\ dfgf . O; lnP d]/] jx u'gfx aVÞz b] hf] d}+ g] kxn] lsof cf}/ hf] kL5] lsof cf}/ hf] d}+ g] l5kf s/ lsof cf}/ hf] d}+ g] hflx/ d]+ lsof . t" xL ;a ;] kxn] yf cf}/ t" xL afb d]+ eL /x]uf t]/] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf df\a"b gxL+ . t" xL d]/f ;Rrf df\a"b x} t]/] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf df\a"b gxL+ . - a'vf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy #@#, !!÷!!^, !#@#&!,$@#, $^% d'l:nd\ !÷%#@ _

17 -

?s"c\Þ sL b'cfPF (( 4^ PŽR I $K VI J I F I75P,M ))Œ33

##= d]/f a8f /a\ kfs x} . -tLg af/ k9Þ] _ -ca"bfpmb , lqldhL , g;fO{ , OAg] dfhf ,cx\db\ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷*# _

(( VP $R P R ‚K 4N 'M ‹$F ‘I R P 7 I ^ I I N I 4N 'M S$ I I I75P,M )) ÂŒ34 #$= P] cNnfx xdf/] /a\ t" kfs x} . x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm t]/] xL lnP x} . P] cNnfx d'em] aVÞz b] . -a'vf/L !÷ (( d'l:nd !÷#%) _

(( ¤ ^ ~ $ I nR \F rR% F I $K m ~ I Â¥ z P ~ HL ¤ z P 5~,M ))ÂŒ35 #%= ax't kfsLhÞuL jfnf , ax't d's2Þ ;\ x} kml/Ztf]+ tyf ?xÞ -lha|Ln_ sf /a\ . - d'l:nd !÷#%#, ca"bfpmb !÷@#) _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٣٨

I $F qI o I aI T M P F,P )F I $F I T M P I B I ^ I T M P @F I I $F 4N 'M ‹$F )) Œ36 R !^ S eF I!P, I I VP 5^ I (I I VP R ŽK (I I VP _ J M I 0 P ^ I I I VP R P ,I P R I HF ((V #^= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/] xL lnP em'sf -?s"c\ lsof_ cf}/ t'emL

k/ O{dfg nfof cf}/ t]/f xL km/df¡a/bf/ agf, cf}/ t]/] lnP ljgLt xf] uP -em's\ uP_ d]/] sfg , d]/L cfFv]+, d]/f dU+hÞ, -e]hf_ d]/L xl•ofF, d]/] k¶] cf}/ -d]/f k"/f abg_ lh;] d]/] bf]gf]+ k}/ p7fP x'P x}+ . - d'l:nd !÷%#$, lqldhL, g;fO{ , ca"bfpmb _

((nR I ÂŽK I $K I tg I# ^ 5P\R $K I * R P \L F I $K I * R P M 5I„ I $K QR F I75P,M )) ÂŒ37 #&= kfs x} ax't H+ofbf tfst /vg] jfnf, a8Þ] d'N\s jfnf cf}/ a8ÞfO{ tyf ch\dt\ jfnf -cNnfx_ . -ca"bfpmb !÷@#), g;fO{ , cx\db\ vkSj bldh lun glu gS_

18 -

?s"c\ ;] p7g] sL b'cfP¡ f (( M I R /I P I $R h qI R ,I )) ÂŒ38

#*= ;'g nL cNnfx g] lh; g] p; sL tf/Lkm sL . -a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy @÷@*@_

.(( R P&R =@I I5 M =5J wF = P ?R@F = P /I M P 7 I $K I $F I I N I )) Œ39

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٣٩

#(= P] xdf/] /a t]/] xL lnP tdfd tf/Lkm x}, ax't clws kfsLhÞf tf/Lkm lh; d]+ a/st\ sL uO{ xf] . - a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy @÷@*$_

P R T I +K R I tˆ K R I I 'M I P I I I ž ^ P uFK$ tˆ K R I * R I I N $ tˆ K R )) Œ40 . z !P5(I I $F I ‰@L I M 5P I $K GF FH I ƒ~ /I )F R „ P I $K I tg I ?S$ F 2P )F . M P I tk VP I I !P R J „ I $K F qM F PI# .F I T I P I I I $R VI €R P M .F I T I P€F (P )F I $R qI ^ I .F 4N 'M ‹$F (( ~ „ I $K $)= -P] xdf/] /a_ t]/] xL lnP tf/Lkm x} cf;dfgf]+ cf}/

hÞdLg e/ cf}/ hf] s'5 pg bf]gf]+ s] aLr x} p;s] e/ cf}/ O; s] afb hf] t" rfx] p;s] e/ . t" tf/Lkm tyf a'hÞ'uL{ jfnf x}\Þ . ;a ;] ;RrL aft hf] aGb] g] sxL ox x} & cf}/ xd ;a t]/] aGb] x}+ & P] cNnfx hf] t" b]] p;] sf]O{ /f]sg] jfnf gxL+ cf}/ hf] t" /f]s n] p;] sf]O{ b]g] jfnf gxL+, cf}/ ls;L zfg jfn] sf] p; sL zfg t]/] oxfF sf]O{ kmfobf gxL+ kx'Frf ;stL . -d'l:nd !÷#$^_ 19 -

;h\ ;hb]\b] sL b'cfP¡ f (( 9 (P uF$K VI J I F I75P,M )) ÂŒ41

$!= d]/f dxfg /a\ kfs x} . -tLg af/ k9Þ]_ ¼ca"bfpmb , lqldh+L, lqldhÞL !÷*# ½

g;fO{ , OAg] dfhf, cx\db cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ

lx:g'n d'l:nd

Ù¤Ù

(( VP $R P R ‚K 4N 'M ‹$ ‘I R P 7 I ^ I I N I 4N 'M ‹$ I I I75P,M ))Œ42 $@= kfs x} t" P] cNnfx P] xdf/] /a\ cf}/ x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm t]/] xL lnP x} . P] cNnfx d'em] aVÞz b] . - a'vÞf/L !@((, d'l:nd !@#%) _

(( ¤ ^ P ~ $ I nR \F rR% F I $K m ~ I Â¥ z P ~ HL ¤ z P 5~M, ))ÂŒ43 $# = ax't Hofbf kfs ax't d's2Þ ;\ x} kml/Ztf]+ tyf ?xÞ -lha|Ln_ sf /a\ . - d'l:nd !÷#%#, ca"bfpmb !÷@#) _ I „ I !I, T M P F!P,)F I $F I T M P I B I ^ I * M P „ I ,I I $F 4N 'M ‹$F )) ÂŒ44 M I /P )F h ‘I I I56I M I I I I M I P ,I ƒN I I M I N 8 I I M eF FaI 0 P OR S$R VI '^ dP I (( I PeR $R I_$K $$= P] cNnfx d}+ g] t]/] lnP xL ;h\bf lsof cf}/ t'emL k/ O{dfg nfof, t]/f xL km/dfFa/bf/ agf . d]/] r]x/] g] p; hÞft s] lnP ;hbf lsof lh; g] p;] k}bf lsof, p; sL ;"/t\ agfO{ cf}/ sfgf]+ d]+ ;"/fvÞ agfP cf}/ cfFvf]+ s] lzufkm agfP . a/\st\ jfnf x} cNnfx hf] tdfd agfg] jfnf]+ ;] cR5f x} . -d'l:nd !÷%#$_ (( nR I ÂŽ F I $K I tg I# ^ 5P\R $K I * R L\F I $K I * R P M 5I„ I $K 0R F I75P,M )) ÂŒ45

$%= kfs x} ax't H+ofbf tfsÞt /vg] jfnf , a8Þ] d'N\s jfnf cf}/ a8ÞfO{ cf}/ ch\dt\ jfnf -cNnfx_ . -ca"bfpmb !÷@#), g;fO{ , cx\db\ vkSj vyckuh us bls lghg vcw nkÃ…n 1@166 esa lghg dgk gSA_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูคูก

M I I ^% F (I I M I aR BI M $F N )F I M Sd^ I M SH1R M S@L VP 5^ P F VP $R P R ย K 4N 'M ย $ ))ย 46 (( M N ,R I $^= P] cNnfx d]/] 5f]6] ,a8ร ] , kxn], lk5n] , hร flx/ cf}/ kf]zLbf tdfd u'gfxf]+ sf] aVร z b] . -d'l:nd !@#%)_ P !R I !R6 F& I M ^ I I ย R _ I ,I P R ย I Ip ^ ^ L P (M )F VP J ^ 4N 'M ย $F )) ย 47 9F(I T I P Iย K)F I @F T I P)F I PF(I tยฆ I ย F 9P R /P )L .F I P R I ^ L P (M )F I I R I P eL (M (( I g K I $&= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/] uร ':;] ;] t]/L /h+f sL kgfx rfxtf x"F

cf}/ t]/L ;hร f ;] t]/L dfkmL sL kgfx rfxtf x"F . cf}/ d}+ t'em ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . d}+ k"/L t/x t]/L tf/Lkm gxL+ s/ ;stf . t" p;L t/x x} lh; t/x t" g] v'b\ ckgL tf/Lkm sL x} . -d'l:nd !@#%@_ 20โ

bf] ;hbf]+ s] aLr a7} g] sL b'cfPF (( VP $R P R ย K m J I VP $R P R ย K m J I ))ย 48

$*= P] d]/] /a d'em] aVร z b] . P] d]/] /a\ d'em] aVร z b] . -ca"bfpmb !รท@#!cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf !รท!$*_

VP ^&R I( I VP ^ P 5MdP I 9P ^ R 2P I V^ P /I P I VP $R P R ย K 4N 'M ย $F )) ย 49 (( VP ^ P &F P I VP ^HK ]M P I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٤٢

$( = P] cNnfx d'em] aVÞz b] cf}/ d'em\ k/ /xd s/ cf}/ d'em] lxbfot\ b] cf}/ d]/] g's\; Þ fg k"/] s/ b] cf}/ d'em] cÞflkmot\ b] cf}/ d'em] /f]hÞL b] cf}/ d'em] a'n+Gb s/ . -ca"bfpmb , lqldhL , OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhL !÷() , ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷!$*_

21-;hbf

ltnfjt\ sL b'cf

R 6R N HL I R $R P 7 I ^ M I I I I M I P ,I ƒN I I M eF FaI 0 P OR S$R VI '^ dP I I „ I ,I )) ÂŒ50 (( I PeR $R I_$K M I /P )F h ‘I I I5 I&F %)= d]/] r]x/] g] p; hÞft s] lnP ;hbf lsof lh; g] p;] k}bf lsof,cf}/ ckgL tfsÞt\ j s'Jjt ;] p; s] sfg d]+ ;'/fvÞ cf}/ cfFvf]+ s] lzufkm agfP . ax't a/st\ jfnf x} cNnfx hf] ;a agfg] jfnf]+ ;] cR5f x} . -lqldhL @÷$&$, cx\db\ ^÷#) cf}/ xÞflsd\ g] O;] l/jfot\ s/s] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} cf}/ Odfd h+ÞxaL g] O; aft sL k'li6 sL x} !@@@) cf}/ --kmtaf/sNnfx' cxÞ\;g'n\ vÞflnsÞLg__ zAb sL j[l4 eL xÞflsd\ sL x} ._

= P] ^ !I' ^ VP !J (I qP !Ip I = Pd)F ‘I I P (R I' ^ VP $R c P M@K 4N 'M ‹$F ÂŒ51 1I §M I1 ‘I R 5P(I P R I' IK 5NeF 6I I @F 9P J R I'K 5NeF 6I I = Pa L ‘I I P(R VP $R I'K I dP I %!= P] cNnfx O; ;h\b] s] abn] d]+ d]/] lnP ckg] kf;

;jfa lnv b] cf}/ O; s] h+l/o] ;] d]/] pmk/ ;] u'gfxf]+ sf af]em ptf/ b] cf}/ O;] d]/] lnP ckg] kf; g]lsof]+ sf vh+fgf agf b] cf}/ O;] d]/L t/km\ ;] O; t/x sÞa"n s/ n] lh; t/x\ t"g] ckg] aGb] bfpmb sL cf]/ ;] sÞa"n lsof yf .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูคูฃ - lqldhร L @รท$&# cf}/ Odfd xร flsd\ g] O;] l/jfot\ s/s] ;xร Lxร sxf x} cf}/ Odfd h+ร xaL g] O; sL k'li6 sL x} !@@!( _ [

22 โ

tzx\x'b\ sL b'cf

V~ 5^ N$ I'~#)F I PF(I ;M % F N $ * M I5 Jย S $ I * M I F N $ I R ย $R * M N 7 R N$F ย 52 M 'I !P )F . I P7 R $R N $ g 1R I5(R 9F(I I I PF(I ;M % F N $F M 6M F@ I I I g nL I /P I I . M $L P ,M I I M I 5P(I = N 7 I M S )F M 'I P )F I h .S ^ I $^ .F K )F %@= hร afg , abg\ cf}/ dfn s] hl/o] ;] sL hfg] jfnL ;f/L Oafbt]+ cNnfx xL s] lnP x}+ . ;nfd xf] cfk k/ P] gaL cf}/ cNnfx sL /x\dt\ cf}/ p; sL a/st]+ . ;nfd xf] xd k/ cf}/ cNnfx s] g]s aGbf]+ k/ . d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfO{s\ร gxL+ . cf}/ d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls d'xdDb p; s] aGb] cf}/ p; s] /;"n x}+ . -a'vf/L kmt\x'n\ af/L s] ;fy !รท!# cf}/ d'l:nd\ !รท#)!_

23-

tzx\x'b s] afb gaL k/ b?b

ย 9F(I T I PS8 I I @F ย N 7 I M G^ B ย 9F(I I ย N 7 I M ย 9F(I ย 8 I 4N 'M ย $F ))ย 53 ย 9!F(I ย P ^ !I 4N 'M ย $ z Pย ^ I z P R /I I N ^ 4I P2R I P ^ G^ B ย 9F(I I 4I P2R I P ^ 4I P2R I P ^ G^ B ย 9F(I I 4I P2R I P ^ ย 9F(I T I @K I I I @F ย N 7 I M G^ B ย 9F(I I ย N 7 I M (( z Pย ^ I z P R /I I N ^

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูคูค

%#= P] cNnfx /xdt gflh+n s/ d'xDdb\ k/ cf}/

d'xDdb\ sL cfn k/ lh; t/x t" g] /xdt gflh+n sL Oa|fxLd k/ cf}/ Oa|fxLd sL cf}nfb k/, a]zs t" tf/Lkm jfnf a'hร 'uL{ jfnf x} . P] cNnfx a/st\ gflhร n km/df d'xร Ddb k/ cf}/ d'xร Ddb sL cfn k/ lh; t/x t "g] a/st\ gflhร n\ sL Oa|fxLd k/ cf}/ Oa|fxLd sL cf}nfb k/ a]zs t" tf/Lkm cf}/ a'hร 'uL{ jfnf x} . -a'vร f/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy ^รท$)* _

T I PS8 I I @F R RN# J L I R d^ I ]P )F ย 9F(I I ย N 7 I M ย 9F(I ย 8 I 4N 'M ย $F )) ย 54 !I @F R RN# J L I R d^ I ]P )F ย 9F(I I ย N 7 I M ย 9F(I ย P ^ I I . 4I P2R I P ^ G^ B ย 9F(I (( z Pย ^ I z P R /I I N ^ . 4I P2R I P ^ G^ B ย 9F(I T I @K I I

%$= P] cNnfx /xdt gflh+n s/ d'xร Ddb k/ cf}/ cfk sL aLljof]+ tyf cf}nfb k/ lh; t/x t" g] /xdt gflh+n sL Oa|fxLd sL cf}nfb k/ . cf}/ a/st\ gflhร n\ km/df d'xร Ddb\ k/ cf}/ cfk sL aLljof]+ cf}/ cf}nfb k/ lh; t/x a/st\ gflhร n\ sL t" g] Oa|fxLd sL cf}nfb k/, a]zs t" tf/Lkm jfnf a'hร 'uL{ jfnf x} . - a'vf/L kmt\x'n\ af/L s] ;fy ^รท$)& cf}/ d'l:nd !รท#)^ zAb d'l:nd s] x}+ _

cflvร /L tzx\x'b\ s] afb cf}/ ;nfd km]/g] ;] kxn] sL b'cfPF

24 -

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูคูฅ

4I N!I'dI m ^ FO(I P R I ^ 5PeF $ m ^ FO(I P R I ^ L P (M )F VP N ^ 4N 'M ย $F )) -55 (( G^ Nd N $ ย ^ P g I $K nR I P&R J I P R I * R I I $K I I 7 P I $K nR I P&R P R I %%= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx ks8ร tf x"F sร a| s] chร fa ;] cf}/ hxGgd\ s] chร fa ;] cf}/ lhร GbuL tyf df}t s] lkmTg] ;] cf}/ d;Lxร bHhfn s] lkmT\g] sL a'/fO{ ;] . -a'vf/L @รท!)@ cf}/ d'l:nd !รท$!@, cf}/ zAb d'l:nd s] x}_+

nR !I P&R P !R I ^ L M()F I ^ 5PeF $K m ^ FO(I P R I ^ L P (M )F VP J ^ 4N 'M ย $F ))ย 56 VP J ^ 4N 'M ย $F . * R I I $K I I 7 P I $K nR I P&R P R I ^ L M()F I G^ Nd N $ ย I P g I $K (( ;^ I P I $K 4^ ย FuK K$ I R I ^ L M()F %^= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx ks8ร tf x"F sร a| s] chร fa ;] cf}/ t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F d;Lx bHhfn s] lkmTg] ;] cf}/ t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F lhร GbuL cf}/ df}t s] lkmTg] ;] . P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx ks8ร tf x"F u'gfx ;] cf}/ sร h{ -C0f_ ;] . - a'vร f/L !รท@)@ tyf d'l:nd !รท$!@ _

.S ^ m I P MOย !$ M R P I# .F I = P ?R@F = K Lj VP g K I T M P FjF VP N ^ 4N 'M ย $F ย 57 . 4M P/R N $ M P L I $K T I P)F I N ^ V^ P /I P I ย I R P(R P R ย = I R P I VP $R P R ย K F& IT P)F %& = P] cNnfx d}+ g] ckgL hfg k/ ax't h'N\d lsof cf}/ t]/] l;jf sf]O{ cf}/ u'gfxf]+ sf] dfkm gxL s/ ;stf . O; lnP d'em] ckg] vร f; kmhร n ;] aVร z b] cf}/ d'em k/ /xd s/ . a]zs t" aVร zg] jfnf ax't Hofbf /xd s/g] jfnf x} . - a'vร f/L *รท!^* tyf d'l:nd\ $รท@)&*_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٤٦

!I I * M P I !P,)F I I * M P aN )F I I MT P N HF I VP $R P R ‚K 4N 'M ‹$F )) -58 T I !P )F I ;M J eF M $K T I P)F . VP J R R ^ 4M F(P )F T I P)F I I T M &K I ,P )F I I MT PF(P )F (( T I P)F .S ^ I $^ .F M aJ I M $K %*= P] cNnfx d'em] aVÞz b] hf] d}+ g] kxn] lsof cf}/ hf]

kL5] lsof cf}/ hf] d}+ g] l5kfs/ lsof cf}/ hf] d}+ g] h+flx/ d]+ lsof cf}/ hf] d}+ g] HofÞbtL sL cf}/ lh;] t" d'em ;] HÞofbf hfgtf x} . t" xL kxn] s/g] jfnf x} t" xL kL5] s/g] jfnf x} . t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . -d'l:nd !÷%#$_

((I 6R1I I5(R ^ P /M I ‘I ^ \K M I ‘I ^ @K R 9F(I 9P J(R )F 4N 'M ‹$F ))Œ59 %(= P] cNnfx ckgL ofb , ckg] z'qm cf}/ ckgL cR5L

Oafbt\ k/ d]/L dbb\ km/df . -ca"bfpmb @÷*^ tyf g;fO{ #÷%# vkSj vYykek vyckuh us lghg vcw nkÃ…n 1@284 esa bls lghg dgk gS_

^ 5P!M„$K I R I ^ L P (M )F I ^ _ P 5M$K I R I ^ L P (M )F VP J ^ 4N 'M ‹$F ))ÂŒ60 I P ~ !$ nR I P&R P R I ^ L P (M )F I ^ M M $K G^ F P )F 9F$ ^ 1N I )L K )F P R I ^ L P (M )F I (( ^ 5PeF $K m ^ FO(I I ^)= P] cNnfx d}+ sGh";L ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F cf}/ a'h\lÞ bnL ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F cf}/ O; aft ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F ls lgsDdL pd| sL t/km nf}6fof hfpmF cf}/ d}+ b'lgof s] lkmt\g] cf}/ sÞa| s] chÞfa ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . -a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy ^÷#%_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٤٧

(( ^ $ I R I ^ L P (M )F I nF N I $K I L+F,P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M $F )) 61 ^!= P] cNnfx d}+ t'em\ ;] hGgt\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ hxGgd\ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . - ca"bfpmb cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷#@* _

T I P R(I I VP ^ ^/P )F ^ K _ I $K VF(I I 6R I P HL I c I P I $K I R K R ^ 4N 'M $F )) 62 I L+F,P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M $F . VP $R = P aI F F& I $K T I P R(I F ^ VP ^&S I 6II VP $R = P aI F I 7 I $K !Ip J $ VP !R& J 7 I $K nF I R@F I $LuF,P )F I R 1I I'o N $ I c ^ P I $K VP &R I I Io P aI =! P R I I $LuF!P,)F I ^ eK F $K I 9 I R $K VP &R I P eF $K I $LuF,P )F I c ^ " I I $K I I tg I"eF $K I P I Ip J $ I $LuF,P )F I qM R eF P6I.F ` P(I F N HF I $LuF,P )F I M F PI#.F I I !^'dP I 9F$ ^ ^ F N$ F OS $F I $LuF,P )F I * R P I $K I P I ^ P I $K 1I P I I $LuF,P )F nR IP#v^ ^ N J#]I 4N 'M $F . n S" R M n I P&R.F I N " R M t N p I ^ P F VP &R I rR Fe$R 9F$ ^ b I P o N $ (( I P# R I'P M = I 2M I K I dP I R I P#3^$K ^@= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/] uÞ}a hfgg] cf}/ dvÞn"sÞ k/ sÞ'b\/t\ /vg] s] ;fy ;jfn s/tf x"F ls d'´] p; jSÞt ts lhÞGbf /v\ ha ts t" lhÞGbuL d]/] lnP a]xt/ hfg] cf}/ d'´] p; jSÞt jkmft b] ha jkmft d]/] lnP a]xt/ hfg] . P] cNnfx d}+ uÞfOa\ cf}/ xÞflh/ xf]g] sL xÞfnt\ d]+ t'´ ;] t]/] vf}km sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ /hf tyf gf/fh+uL x/ xÞfnt d]+ t'em ;] xÞs\Þ| aft sxg] sL tf}kmLsÞ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ t'´ ;] cdL/L tyf uÞ/LaL d]+ ldofgf /jL sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ t'´ ;] P];L g]dt\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F hf] seL eL vTd g

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٤٨

xf] cf}/ cfFvf]+ sL P];L 7+8s\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F hf] vTd g xf] cf}/ t'´ ;] t]/] km}l;n] k/ /fhÞL /xg] sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ t'´ ;] df}t s] afb v'zujf/ lh++buL sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ t'´ ;] t]/] r]x/] sL t/km b]vg] sL nHÞht\ cf}/ t]/L d'nfsÞft s] zf}sÞ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F lagf ls;L ts\nLkmb]x d';Lat\ cf}/ u'd\/fx s/g] jfn] lkmt\g] s] . P] cNnfx xd]+ O{dfg sL hÞLgt\ -zf]ef_ ;] d'h}+ogÞ km/df cf}/ xd]+ lxbfot\ ofkmtf /xa/ agf b] . -g;fO{ #÷%$, %% tyf cx\db\ $÷#^$ vkSj vYykek vyckuh us lghg vu&ulkbZ 1@281 esa bls lghg dgk gSA_

4P $F 0 P OR $S M I N $ M /I uF$K M /R I $K I NuF^ h F I# I L+F,P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F )) ÂŒ63 T I !P )F I !N ^ VP ^ P M L VP $R I R P 6I K )F z /I )F = L @L M $S P \L I# 4P $F I P $F P M# 4P $F I P RI# (( 4M P/R N $ z L I $K ^#= P] cNnfx d}+ t'´ ;] ;jfn s/tf x"F O; aft s] h+l/o] ;] ls t" cs]nf, Ps cf}/ a]lgofhÞ x} lh; g] g ls;L sf] hgf cf}/ g jx ls;L ;] hgf uof x} cf}/ g xL p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls x} ls t" d]/] u'gfxf]+ sf] dfkm km/df b] . a]zs t" xL aVÞzg] jfnf d]x/afg x} . - g;fO{ zAb s] ;fy #÷%@, cx\db\ $÷##* vkSj vYykek vyckuh us lghg vu&ulkbZ 1@280 esa bls lghg dgk gSA_

‘I I !P/ I T I !P )F .S ^ I $F ^ .F I P 7 I $K I $F S uF ^ I $LuF,P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F ))Œ64 G^ % F !I„$K F !I# ž ^ P uF!K$ I * R I I N $ qI P# R I I# L N I $K F -F$ I P# ^ I .F (( ^ N $ I R I ^ L P (M )F I nF N„ I $K I $LuF,P )F VP J ^ ;M P ~HF I# V~ /I I# ^; I @K 3^$K I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٤٩

^$= P] cNnfx d}+ t'´ ;] ;jfn s/tf x"F O; aft s] ;fy ls x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm t]/] xL lnP x} , t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . t" cs]nf x} t]/f sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . a]xÞb\ OxÞ\;fg s/g] jfnf . P] cf;dfgf]+ tyf hÞdLg sf] agfg] jfn] , P] a'hÞ'uL{ tyf OHÞhÞt\ jfn] , P] lhÞGbf cf}/ sÞfOd\ /vg] jfn] d}+ t'´ ;] hGgt\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ cfu ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . -ca"bfpmb , g;fO{ , lqldhÞL , OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ bCus ektk 2@329½

T I !P )F .S ^ I $F ^ .F h T I P)F I N)F M 'I P )F VP JuF ^ I $LuF,P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F ))ÂŒ 65 (( z /I )F = L @L M $F P \L I# 4P $F I P $F P M# 4P $F I P RI# 4P $F 0 P OR $S M I N $ M /I uF$K ^%= P] cNnfx d}+ t'´ ;] ;jfn s/tf x"F O; aft s] dfWod ;] ls d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls t" xL cNnfx x} t]/] l;jf sf]O{ cGo Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . t" cs]nf x} , a]lgofhÞ x} lh; ;] g sf]O{ k}bf x'cf cf}/ g tf] jx ls;L ;] k}bf x'cf x} cf}/ g xL sf]O{ p; sf xd;/ -;dsIf_ x} . - ca"bfpmb @÷^@, lqldhÞL %÷%!%, OAg] dfhf @÷!@^$, cx\db\ %÷#^) cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷#@( cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!^# _

25 -

gdfhÞ+ ;] ;nfd km]/g] s] afb sL b'cfo] fo+ tLg af/ (( ˆ M R P I,P )F )) –66

^^= d}+ cNnfx ;] alVÞzz\ dfFutf x"F .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٥٠

;^ I @K 3^$K I G^ % F I $K F I# T I @K I I56I ;M % F N $ I P R I ;M % F N $ T I P)F 4N 'M S$F P] cNnfx t" xL ;nfdtL jfnf x} cf}/ t'emL ;] ;nfdtL x} . P] a'hÞ'uL{ cf}/ OHÞhÞt\ jfn] t" a8ÞL a/st\ jfnf x} . - d'l:nd !÷$!$_

I !M2 I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I P# ^ I .F M I /P I h S. ^ I $^ .F )) 67 IT P I I I $R VI R P M .F I T I P F (P )F I $R qI ^ I .F 4N 'M S$F z P# R HF tk VP I @L 9F(I (( ~ I $K I P R J ¨ F F qM F PI# .F I cy{ M— cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ dfa"b gxL+ , jx cs]nf x} , p;sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . p;L s] lnP afbzfxt\ x} , cf}/ p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞflb/ x} . P] cNnfx hf] s'5 t" b] p;sf] sf]O{ /f]sg] jfnf gxL+ , cf}/ lh; rLhÞ ;] t" /f]s b] p;sf] sf]O{ b]g] jfnf gxL+ cf}/ ls;L bf}nt\dGb sf] p;sL bf}nt\ t]/] oxf¡ s'5 kmfobf gxL+ b] ;stL . -a'vf/L !@@%%, d'l:nd !@$!$_ M !P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I P# ^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F )) 68 h S. ^ I !F$ ^ .F g ^ .S ^ F N HL .F I GF P /I .F . z P# R HF tk VP I @L VF(I I 2M I .S ^ I $F ^ .F M I7 I $K th I ?S$ M $F I L " P F $K M $F I nL I P J$ M $F M N# ^ .S ^ M 5M P I .F I (( F P M &R F\$K I ^ @F P $F I I P# J $ M $F I P R R_ P M h ^*= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . afbzfxL p;L sL x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞ'b\/t\

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٥١

/vg] jfnf x} . g arg] sL tfsÞt\ x} g s'5 s/g] sL tfsÞt n]lsg cNnfx sL dbb\ s] ;fy . cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . cf}/ p; s] l;jf xd ls;L sL Oafbt\ gxL+ s/t] . p;L s] lnP g]dt\ x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP kmhÞn cf}/ p;L s] lnP cR5L tf/Lkm x} . cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . xd ckgL Oafbt\ p;L s] lnP vÞfln;\ s/t] x}+ rfx] sflkm/f]+ sf] a'/f xL nu] . -d'l:nd !÷$!%_ h .S ^ I $F ^ .F ## af/ M 5I@K )F h I R $R M P 7 I $K I g F I75P,M )) -69 (( z P# R HF tk VP I @L 9F(I I 2M I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I P# ^ I .F M I /P I ^(= vYykg ikd gS] gj fd+Le dh rkjhQ vYykg ds fy, gS vkSj vyykg lc ls cM+k gSA cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . afbzfxL p;L sL x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞ'b\/t\ /vg] jfnf x} . ¼eqfLye 1@418] hf] cfbdL x/ gdfh+Þ s] afb ox b'cf k9Þ] p; s] u'gfx dfkm s/ lbP hft] x}+ rfx] j] ;d'b| s] ´fu s] a/fa/ xf]+ .½

ª!$# ∩⊇∪ î‰xmr& ª!$# uθèδ ö≅è% 4 / !!$ !!$ 4!! 70 #³θà à2 …ã&©! ä3tƒ öΝs9uρ ∩⊂∪ ô‰s9θムöΝs9uρ ô$Í#tƒ öΝs9 ∩⊄∪ ߉yϑ¢Á9$# (٠٠٤-٠٠١ ‫ ∪⊆∩ 〈 )ا ص‬7‰xmr&

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٥٢

$tΒ Îh Ÿ° ÏΒ ∩⊇∪ È,n=x ø9$# Éb>u Î/ èŒθããr& ö≅è%  4 / $ $ 4

Íh x© ÏΒuρ ∩⊂∪ |=s%uρ #sŒÎ) @,Å™%yñ Îh Ÿ° ÏΒuρ ∩⊄∪ t,n=yz ∩∈∪ y‰|¡xm #sŒÎ) >‰Å™%tn Íh x© ÏΒuρ ∩⊆∪ ωs)ãèø9$# ’Îû ÏM≈sV≈¤ ¨Ζ9$# (٠٠٥-٠٠١ ‫)ا‬ Å7Ï=tΒ ∩⊇∪ Ĩ$¨Ψ9$# Éb>u Î/ èŒθããr& ö≅è%  4 / !$ !$ 4

Ĩ$¨Ψsƒù:$# Ĩ#uθó™uθø9$# Íh x© ÏΒ ∩⊂∪ Ĩ$¨Ψ9$# ϵ≈s9Î) ∩⊄∪ Ĩ$¨Ψ9$# Ïπ¨ΨÅfø9$# zÏΒ ∩∈∪ Ĩ$¨Ψ9$# Í‘ρ߉߹ ’Îû â¨Èθó™uθム“Ï%©!$# ∩⊆∪ (٠٠٦-٠٠١ ‫ ∪∉∩ 〈 )ا س‬Ĩ$¨Ψ9$#uρ

70- vYyk ds uke ls 'kq: djrk gw¡ tks cgqr n;kyw cM+k jge djus okyk gSA ^^ vki dg nhft, og vYykg ,d gS] vYykg rvkyk csfu;kt+ gS] u mldh dksbZ vkSykn gS vkSj u og fdlh dh vkSykn gS vkSj u mldk dksbZ led{k ¼gelj½ gS**A ¼lwjrqy b[ykl% 1&4½ ^^ vki dg nhft, fd eSa lqcg ds jc dh iukg esa vkrk gw¡ gj ml pht+ dh cqjkbZ ls tks mlus iSnk dh gS] vkSj va/ksjh jkr dh cqjkbZ ls tc mldk va/kdkj QSy tk,A vkSj xk¡B yxkdj mu

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٥٣

esa Qw¡dus okfy;ksa dh cqjkbZ ls vkSj gln djus okys dh cqjkbZ ls tc og gln djsA ¼lwjrqy Qyd+%1&5½ vki dg nhft, fd eSa yksxksa ds jc] yksxksa ds ekfy vkSj yksxksa ds ekcwn dh iukg esa vkrk gw¡ oLolk Mkyus okys ihNs gV tkus okys dh cqjkbZ ls] tks yksxksa ds lhuksa esa oLolk Mkyrk gS ¼pkgs½ og ftUu esa ls gks ;k ekuo esa lsA ¼lwjrqUukl%1&6½ -ca"bfpmb @÷*^, g;fO{ #÷^* cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL @÷*, bu rhuksa lwjrksa dks eqvkSfot+kr dgk tkrk gS] nsf[k;s Qr~gqy ckjh 9@62_

71- x/ gdfhÞ s] afb cfotn\ s';L{ k9Þ] M ×πuΖÅ™ …çνä‹è{ù's? Ÿω 4 ãΠθ•‹s)ø9$# I‘ysø9$# uθèδ $ωÎ) tµ≈s9Î) Iω ª!$#  #sŒ tΒ 3 ÇÚö‘F{$# ’Îû $tΒuρ ÏN¨uθ≈yϑ¡¡9$# ’Îû $tΒ …絩9 4 ×ΠöθtΡ Ÿωuρ š÷t/ $tΒ ãΝn=÷ètƒ 4 ϵÏΡøŒÎ*Î/ $ωÎ) ÿ…çνy‰ΨÏã ßìx ô±o„ “Ï%©!$# ÿϵÏϑù=Ïã ôÏiΒ &óy´Î/ tβθäÜŠÅsムŸωuρ ( öΝßγx ù=yz $tΒuρ óΟÎγƒÏ‰÷ƒr& Ÿωuρ ( uÚö‘F{$#uρ ÏN¨uθ≈yϑ¡¡9$# 絕‹Å™ö ä. yìÅ™uρ 4 u!$x© $yϑÎ/ $ωÎ) 〈 ∩⊄∈∈∪ ÞΟŠÏàyèø9$# I’Ì?yèø9$# uθèδuρ 4 $uΚßγÝàø Ïm …çνߊθä↔tƒ (٢٥٥ :‫)ا ة‬

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ټ٤

cy{ M— cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ dfĂža"b -k"hgLo_ gxL+ jx xd]zf lhĂžGbf /xg] jfnf x} , ;asf] sĂžfOd\ /v\g] jfnf x} . p;sf] g pmF3 cftL x} g gL+b cf;dfg cf}/ hdLg sL ;a rLhĂž]+ p;L sL x}+ . sf}g x} hf] p; s] kf; ls;L sL l;kmfl/z\ s/] p;sL OhfhĂžt\ s] auĂž}/ . jx hfgtf x} hf] nf]uf]+ s] ;fdg] x} cf}/ hf] pGfs] kL5] x} , cf}/ nf]u p;s] ON\d ;] s'5 gxL+ 3]/ -dfn"d _ ;s\t] du/ lhtgf cNnfx rfx] , cf}/ p;sL s';L{ g] cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hĂždLg sf] ckg] j':fct\ - 3]/] _ d]+ n] /vf x} . cf}/ pg bf]gf]+ sL lxĂžkĂžmfht\ p;sf] ysf gxL+ ;stL cf}/ jx a'nGb x} chĂž\dt\ jfnf x} .__ Âźtks vkneh gj uekt+ ds ckn bls i<+s mls tUur esa tkus ls ekSr ds flok dksbZ pht+ ugha jksds xhA ulkbZ veyqy ;kSe oYySyg gnhl u-100] bCus lqUuh gnhl u-121] vYykek vyckuh us bls lghgqy tkfev~ 5@339 vkSj flyflyk vgknhl lghgk 2@697] gnhl u-972 esa lghg dgk gSA½

I V^ 7 P M# M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I P# ^ I .F M I /P I h S. ^ I $^ .F ))-72 (( z P# R HF tk VP I Â? @L 9F(I I 2M I T M P R M# 72- cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsĂž\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . afbzfxL p;L sL x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x}, og ekjrk vkSj ftykrk gS] cf}/ jx x/ rLhĂž k/ sĂž'b\/t\ /vg] jfnf x} . b; af/ duĂž\l/a\ cf}/ kmh| s] afb . - lqldhĂžL %á%!% cx\db\ $á@@&, r[kjht ds fy, t+knqy evkn nsf[k, 1@300_

((% = 5NeF I M % = I (I I =5J wF =HP] ^ I = R& I = K (R I L$uF,F) VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F ))Œ73

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٥٥

73- ,s vYykg eSa rq> ls ykHk nsus okys bYe] ikdht+k jkst+h vkSj d+cwy gksus okys vey dk loky djrk gw¡A kmh| sL gdfhÞ ;] ;nfd km]/g] s] afb pmk/ aofg sL uO{ b'cf k9Þ]+ . -OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷!%@, etemT+t+okbn 10@111 _ [

26 –

gdfhÞ] Ol:tvÞf/f sL b'cf

&$= hfla/ - _ km/dft] x}+ ls /;"n'Nnfx xd]+ tdfd

sfdf]+ d]+ Ol:tvÞf/f s/g] sL tfnLd b]t] lh; t/x xd]+ sÞ'/cfg sL ls;L ;"/f sL tfnLd b]t,] cfk km/dft] ls t'd d]+ ;] sf]O{ cfbdL ha ls;L sfd sf O/fbf s/] tf] kmhÞ{ s] l;jf -ufQy dh fu;r ls_ bf] /s\ct gdfh+ cbf s/] lkm/ ox b'cf k9Þ] M P !R I L+F,P F I © I 6R I P eL ^ I M R eK I,P FI © I R K R ^ I M P_ R I,P )F 9 J g 4N 'M S$F ) ;M !S(I T I P F I © 4M F(P F F$ I 4M F P 6I I © M R HK F.I M R eK 6I I N R&F © 4^ P R I $K I R" P &F VPª R I I I VP ^P#1R VP &R VP $R z PaI I P F$K OF 2I S F 4M F P 6I T I P@L K R 4N 'M S$F m ^ P M M K$ VP !R$ M P M !KH F& R Rd^ B I R Rd^ I( :G H P F 0 Pª ^ P F ^ d^ I( I 0 P ^ P F nR 5IHR I( I VPª !R& VP $R ¡ I I P F$K FO2I S F 4M F P 6I T I P@L K R I R P&R VPª $R P ^ I 4N L VP $R M P J I# I VP J(I M &K ^ 8 P F& g R Rd^ B I R Rd^ I( :G H P F 0 Pª ^ P F nR 5IHR I( I VPª R I I I VP ^P#1R (4 ) (( R ^ VP ^p R P F 4N L F F@ s L P/I I P_ I $K VI $R P M HK I M P(I VP ^&K ^ 8 P I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٥٦

P] cNnfx d}+ t]/] ONd sL dbb\ ;] enfO{ tna\ s/tf x"F cf}/ t]/L s'b\/t\ sL dbb\ ;] s'b\/t\ -tfst\_ dfFutf x"F . cf}/ t'em\ ;] t]/f chÞLd kmhÞ\n dfFutf x"F . a]zs\ t" xL sÞ'b\/t\ /vtf x} . cf}/ d}+ sÞ'b\/t\ gxL+ /v\tf cf}/ t" xL hfgtf x} cf}/ d}+ gxL+ hfgtf . cf}/ t" xL u}Þaf]+ -k/f]If_ sf hfgg] jfnf x} . P] cNnfx cu/ t" hfgtf x} ls ox sfd -p; sfd sf gfd n]_ d]/] lnP d]/] bLg cf}/ d]/L lhÞGbuL cf}/ d]/] cGhfd] sf/ d]+ &;k vki us dgk% O; b'lgof s] lnP of cflvÞ/t s] lnP & a]xt/ x} tf] O; sfd sf] d]/] lnP d's+b\b/ s/ b] cf}/ O;sf] d]/] lnP cf;fg agf b] lkm/ d]/] lnP p;d]+ a/st\ b] . cf}/ cu/ t" hfgtf x} ls ox sfd d]/] bLg cf}/ lhGbuL cf}/ cGhfd] sf/ &;k vki us dgk% O; b'lgof s] lnP of cflvÞ/t s] lnP & a'/f x} tf] t" O; sfd sf] d'em\ ;] km]/ b] cf}/ d'em sf] p; sfd ;] km]/ b] . cf}/ d]/] lnP enfO{ d's+b\b/ s/ b] jx hxFf eL xf] . lkm/ t" p; sfd k/ d'em\] /fhÞL s/b] . -cq[kkjh 7@162 _ tks vkneh vYykg ls bfLr[kkjk djs] eksfeu cUns ls e'ojk djs vkSj lkfcr d+neh ¼fLFkjrk½ ls dke djs mls iNrkok ugh gksrkA vYykg rvkyk us Qjek;k% [WY[: ( GB] R $ 9F(I K @S I I&F

T I P vI (I F 3^&F ^ P « VR& 4P 2M P ^ I I

vkSj dke esa mu ls e'ojk ¼ijke'kZ½ dj fy;k dhft,] fQj tc iDdk bjknk dj ysa rks vYykg ij Hkjkslk djsaA ¼vky bezku%159½

lx:g'n d'l:nd 7-

٥٧

;'axÞ\ cf}/ zfd s] chÞ\sf/

lHkh rkjhQ vYykg ds fy, gS tks vdsyk gS vkSj n:n o lyke ml ij ftl ds ckn dksbZ uch ughaA ¼vul c;ku djrs gSa fd uch us Qjek;k% ^^ eq>s ,sls yksxksa ds lkFk cSBuk bLekbZy vySfgLlyke dh larku esa ls pkj x+qykeksa dks vkt+kn djus ls T+;knk ilUn gS tks Qtz dh uekt+ ls lwjt fudyus rd vYykg dk ft+Ø djrs gSaA eq>s ,sls yksxksa ds lkFk cSBuk pkj x+qyke vkt+kn djus ls vf/kd ilUn gS tks vlz dh uekt+ ls lwjt Mwcus rd vYykg dk ft+dz djsaA** vcw nkÃ…n gnhl u-3667] vkSj 'kS[k vyckuh us bls glu dgk gS] nsf[k, lghg vcw nkÃ…n 2@698½

V~ !I7$K I !M2 .S ^ I !F$ ^ .F M ‹$ 4 d $ € o$ () ÂŒ75 I ž ^ P «Âˆ VR& I I * R I I N $ VR& I M $S ;z P I .F I nx I,R M OL aM uK 6I .F ;M ~ eF $K .F I 4P !M' F K aI !I I 4P '^ #R P#)F I P I I 4M F P I# R ^ K 3^ ^ .S ^ M I P(R qM F o P I# 0RO$S F ž I P «Âˆ I * R I I N $ M ~,R P @L qI ,R I t I I ^ .S ^ R R K (R P J tk VP o I ^ F L€ R7M# [•YY:‡ e5$ ] 4M RÂŽ I $K V ~ R I $K I 2M I I 'M ÂŽL K /R M 1M M¢I# .F I &%= eSa /kqRdkjs gq, 'kSrku ls vYykg dh iukg esa vkrk gw¡A cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ dfÞa"b -k"hgLo_ gxL+ jx xd]zf lhÞGbf /xg] jfnf x} , ;asf] sÞfOd\ /v\g] jfnf x} . p;sf] g pmF3 cftL x} g gL+b, cf;dfg cf}/ hdLg sL ;a rLhÞ]+ p;L sL x}+ . sf}g x} hf] p; s] kf; ls;L sL l;kmfl/z\ s/] p;sL OhfhÞt\ s] auÞ}/ . jx hfgtf x} hf] nf]uf]+ s] ;fdg] x} cf}/

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٥٨

hf] pGfs] kL5] x}, cf}/ nf]u p;s] ON\d ;] s'5 gxL+ 3]/ dfn"d_ ;s\t] du/ lhtgf cNnfx rfx] , cf}/ p;sL s';L{ g] cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg sf] ckg] j':fct\ -3]/_] d]+ n] /vf x} . cf}/ pg bf]gf]+ sL lxÞkÞmfh+t\ p;sf] ysf gxL+ ;stL cf}/ jx a'nGb x} chÞ\dt\ jfnf x} .__ -hf] cfbdL ;'AfxÞ s] jSt cfotn\ s';L{ k9Þ n] tf] jx zfd ts lhGgf]+ -s] z/\ j lkmt\g_] ;] dxÞ\km"hÞ xf] hftf x} cf}/ hf] cfbdL zfd s] jSt\ k9Þ n] tf] ;'AfxÞ ts\ lhGgf]+ -s] z/\_ ;] dxÞ\km"hÞ xf] hftf x} . gkfde 1@562] vyckuh us lghgqr&rjx+hc or&rjghc 1@273 esa bls lghg dgk gS vkSj bls ulkbZ vkSj rcjkuh dh vksj eulwc fd;k gS vkSj rcjkuh dh lun dks tSf;n dgk gS_

ª!$# ∩⊇∪ î‰xmr& ª!$# uθèδ ö≅è%  4^ P/R N !!$ ^ P N !!$ g 4^ !!P ^ 76 #³θà à2 …ã&©! ä3tƒ öΝs9uρ ∩⊂∪ ô‰s9θムöΝs9uρ ô$Í#tƒ öΝs9 ∩⊄∪ ߉yϑ¢Á9$# (٠٠٤-٠٠١ ‫ ∪⊆∩ 〈 )ا ص‬7‰xmr& $tΒ Îh Ÿ° ÏΒ ∩⊇∪ È,n=x ø9$# Éb>u Î/ èŒθããr& ö≅è%  4^ P/R N $ ^ P N $ g 4^ P ^ Íh x© ÏΒuρ ∩⊂∪ |=s%uρ #sŒÎ) @,Å™%yñ Îh Ÿ° ÏΒuρ ∩⊄∪ t,n=yz ∩∈∪ y‰|¡xm #sŒÎ) >‰Å™%tn Íh x© ÏΒuρ ∩⊆∪ ωs)ãèø9$# ’Îû ÏM≈sV≈¤ ¨Ζ9$# (٠٠٥-٠٠١ ‫)ا‬

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ŮĽŮŠ

Ă…7Ă?=tÎ’ âˆŠâŠ‡âˆŞ Ă„¨$¨Ψ9$# Éb>u ĂŽ/ èĹ’θããr& Ü≅è%  4^ P/R N !$ ^ — P N !$ g 4^ P ^ Ă„¨$¨ΨsĆ’Ăš:$# Ă„¨#uθó™uθø9$# Ă?h xŠ Ă?Î’ âˆŠâŠ‚âˆŞ Ă„¨$¨Ψ9$# Ă?Âľâ‰ˆs9ĂŽ) âˆŠâŠ„âˆŞ Ă„¨$¨Ψ9$# Ă?Ď€¨ΨĂ…fø9$# zĂ?Î’ âˆŠâˆˆâˆŞ Ă„¨$¨Ψ9$# Ă?â€˜Ď Ă&#x;‰Ă&#x;š ’ÎÝ â¨Ăˆθó™uθãĆ’ “Ă?%Š!$# âˆŠâŠ†âˆŞ (Ů Ů ŮŚ-Ů Ů ŮĄ ‍ âˆŞâˆ‰âˆŠ ⌊ )ا س‏Ĩ$¨Ψ9$#uĎ

76- vYyk ds uke ls 'kq: djrk gw¥ tks cgqr n;kyw cM+k jge djus okyk gSA ^^ vki dg nhft, og vYykg ,d gS] vYykg rvkyk csfu;kt+ gS] u mldh dksbZ vkSykn gS vkSj u og fdlh dh vkSykn gS vkSj u mldk dksbZ led{k Ÿgelj½ gS**A Ÿlwjrqy b[ykl% 1&4½ ^^ vki dg nhft, fd eSa lqcg ds jc dh iukg esa vkrk gw¥ gj ml pht+ dh cqjkbZ ls tks mlus iSnk dh gS] vkSj va/ksjh jkr dh cqjkbZ ls tc mldk va/kdkj QSy tk,A vkSj xk¥B yxkdj mu esa Qw¥dus okfy;ksa dh cqjkbZ ls vkSj gln djus okys dh cqjkbZ ls tc og gln djsA Ÿlwjrqy Qyd+%1&5½ vki dg nhft, fd eSa yksxksa ds jc] yksxksa ds ekfy vkSj yksxksa ds ekcwn dh iukg esa vkrk gw¥ oLolk Mkyus okys ihNs gV tkus okys dh cqjkbZ ls] tks yksxksa ds lhuksa esa oLolk Mkyrk gS Ÿpkgs½ og ftUu esa ls gks ;k ekuo esa lsA ŸlwjrqUukl%1&6½

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٦٠ -hf] cfbdL pmk/ sL tLgf]+ ;"/t]+ ;'AfxÞ s] jSÞt\ tLg af/ cf}/ zfd s] jSÞt\ tLg af/ k9Þ n] tf] o] ;"/t]+ p; s] lnP x/ rLhÞ ;] sfkmL x}+ . vcw nkÅn 4@322] lqldhÞL %@%^&, cf}/ b]lvo] ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!*@ _

h .S ^ I !F$ ^ .F R !S$R M P 7 I $K I R $R M K M $K I 5IP8)F I I 7 P 5I8 P )F )) -77 z P# R HF tk VP I @L 9F(I I 2M I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I P# ^ I .F M I /P I J I P R I ^ L P (M )F I M I P I I I PaI I ;^ P I$K FO2I VP &R I I PaI I $LuF,P )F m J I tg P !M, I ^ !I \F $K I R I ^ L P (M )F m J I M I P I I J I I ;^ P I$K FO2I VP &R I (( ^ 5PeF $K VP &R m ` FO(I I ^ N $ VP &R m ` FO(I P R I ^ L P (M )F m J I ^ 5I\R $K &&= xd g] ;'AfxÞ sL cf}/ cNnfx s] d'Ns g] ;'AfxÞ sL 1 cf}/ ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} . cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . p;L s] lnP d'Ns x} . cf}/ p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞflb/ x} . P] d]/] /a\ cfh s] O; lbg d]+ hf] vÞ}/ j enfO{ x} cf}/ hf] O; lbg s] afb vÞ}/ j enfO{ x} d}+ t'´ ;] O; sf ;jfn s/tf x"F . 2 cf}/ O; lbg s] z/ a'/fO{_ ;] cf}/ O; s] afb jfn] lbg s] z/\ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . P] d]/] /a\ d}+ ;':tL cf}/ a'9Þfk] sL a'/fO{ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . P] d]/] /a\ d}+ hxGgd s] chÞfa cf}/ sÞa| s] chÞfa ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . -d'l:nd $÷@)**_ 1 cf}/ ha zfd s] jsÞt\ k9Þ] tf] ox sx] M 2

g S$R M K P $K 9I P )F I I P I P )F

cf}/ ha zfd s] ;do k9Þ] tf] O; k|sf/ sx] M (( I2 I P I I J I I nR F PS$ R OR 2I J I P R I ^ L P (M )F I I2 I P I I I PaI I nR F PS$ R OR 2I VP &R I I P aI I $LuF,P )F m J I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٦١

* M P M I I ^ I I 7 P I I ^ I I P I P )F I ^ I I 7 P 5I8 P )F I ^ 4N 'M S$F ))ÂŒ78 (( M Mo ~$ I P$F ^ I &* = P] cNnfx t]/] xL gfd ;] xd g] ;'AfxÞ sL cf}/ t]/] xL gfd ;] xd g] zfd sL 3 cf}/ t]/] xL gfd ;] xd lhÞGbf x}+ cf}/ t]/f xL gfd n]t] x'P xd d/]u+ ] cf}/ t]/L xL cf]/ nf}6 s/ hfgf x} . - lqldhÞL %÷$^^ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!$@_ ”9F(I I )F I ‘I M 5P(I I )F I VP ^ IeK FaI T I P)F .S ^ I $F ^ .F VP J I T I P)F 4N 'M S$F ))ÂŒ79 I !F$ th P M)F T M P I8 I I J I P R I ^ L P M()F T M P €F I,P I ‘I R (P I I ‘I R 'P (I (( T I P)F .S ^ m I P MO‰ $ M R P I#.F M N3^&F VP $R P R ‚K F& VP 5^ POF ^ th P M)F I VN F(I I R I P ^ ^ &(= &( P] cNnfx t" xL d]/f /a\ x} . t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . t" g] d'´] k}bf lsof cf}/ d}+ t]/f aGbf x"F cf}/ d}+ ckgL tfsÞt\ e/ t]/] jfb] k/ sÞfOd\ x"F . d}+ g] hf] s'5 lsof p; s] z/\ -a'/fO{_ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . ckg] pmk/ t]/L g]dt\ sf OsÞ\/f/ s/tf x"F . cf}/ ckg] u'gfxf]+ sf OsÞ\/f/ s/tf x"F O; lnP d'´] aVÞz b] Sof]+ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ b";/f u'gfxf]+ sf] gxL+ aVÞz ;stf . 4 -a'vÞf/L &÷!%)_

Z

cf}/ ha zfd s] ;do k9Þ] tf] O; k|sf/ sx] M (( M P R UF I P$F ^ I * M P M I I ^ I I 7 P I I ^ I I 7 P 5I8 P )F I ^ I P I P )F I ^ 4N 'M S$F )) 4 hf] cfbdL O; b'cf k/ osÞLg /vt] x'P zfd sf] k9]Þ] cf}/ p;L /ft p; sf OlGtsÞfn xf] hfP tf] P];f cfbdL hGgt d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]uf cf}/ P];] xL cu/ ox b'cf ;'AfxÞ sf] k9Þ] cf}/ p;L lbg d/ hfP tf] hGgt d]+ bflvÞn xf]uf . -a'vÞf/L &÷!%)_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٦٢

I !R P (I nF !F I /I M '^ !P )L I ‘I M '^ P )L MT7 P 5I8 P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F )) ÂŒ80 ‘I I !P/ I T I !P )F .S ^ I $F ^ .F h T I P)F I N)F I eR K aI qI P R dI I I I\F rR% F I I (( I $L P ,M I I ‘I M 5P(I = N 7 I M S )F I I $F I P# ^ I .F *)= P] cNnfx d}+ g] O; xÞfn d]+ ;'AfxÞ sL5 ls d}+ t'´] ujfx agftf x"F cf}/ t]/f cz{ p7fg] jfnf]+ sf] , t]/] kml/Ztf]+ sf] cf}/ t]/L tdfd dvÞ\n"sÞ sf] ujfx agftf x"F ls t" xL cNnfx x} . rsjs flok dksbZ lPpk ekcwn ugha] t" cs]nf x} . t]/f sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ cf}/ a]zs\ d'xÞDdb t]/] aGb] cf}/ /;"n x}+ . 6 -ca"bfpmb $÷#!& cf}/ Odfd a'vÞf/L -/lxdx'Nnfx_ sL lstfa cn\&cb\a'n\ d'km\/b\ xbL; g= !@)!] ulkbZ dh veyqy&;kSfe oy&ySyk u9] bCuql&lqUuh u-70] vkSj 'kS[k bCus ckt+ us ulkbZ vkSj vcw nkÃ…n dh lun dks glu dgk gS] rqgQrqy&v[;kj i`"B% 23 _

‘I I /P I I P R &F I eR K aI P R Â… /I uF ^ P )F nÂ… I P ^ P R VP ^ –I 5I8 P )F I 4N 'M S$F ))ÂŒ81 (( M \K o ~ $ I $F I M P 7 I $K I F&F I $F I P# ^ I .F *!= *! P] cNnfx d'´ k/ of t]/L dvÞn"sÞ d]+ ;] ls;L k/ lh;

g]dt\ g] eL ;'AfxÞ sL x} 7 jx s]jn t]/L t/km ;] x} . t" cs]nf x} t]/f sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . O; lnP t]/] xL lnP ;a tf/Lkm x} cf}/ t]/] xL lnP z'j|m x} . cf}/ ha zfd sf ;do xf] tf] ox sx] M ((T M P I P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F )) hf] cfbdL ox b'cf ;'AfxÞ of zfd rf/ af/ k9Þ] uf cNnfx tcfnf p;sf] cfu -hxGgd_ ;] cfhÞfb s/ b]uf . 7 cf}/ ha zfd sf ;do xf] tf] ox sx] M ((... n ™ 9 ) 4' $ )) 5 6

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฆูฃ - ftl us ;g nqvk lqcg ds le; i<+h rks mlus ml fnu dk 'kqร vnk dj fn;k vkSj ftl us ;g nqvk 'kke ds le; i<+h ml us ml jkr dk 'kqร vnk dj fn;kA ca"bfpmb $รท#!*, ulkbZ dh veyqy&;kSfe oy&ySyk u-7] bCuql&lqUuh u-41] bCus fgCcku ^eokfjn* u-2361] z}vร OAg] afhร /lxร g] O; sL ;gb\ sf] xร ;g\ sxf x} . b]lvP t'x\kร mt'n\ cvร \of/ k[i7 M=@$ _

VP ^&R I( 4N 'M S$F VP R P ,I VP &R VP ^&R I( 4N 'M S$F VP ^ I I 9P &R VP ^&R I( 4N 'M S$F ))ย 82 ^ eK F $K I ^ K \L $K I R I ^ L P (M )F VP J^ 4N 'M S$F . T I P)F .S ^ I $F ^.F 0 P ^ I I VP &R (( T I P)F .S ^ I $F ^ .F ^ 5PeF $K m ^ FO(I P R I ^ L P (M )F I tLg af/ ;'axร \ cf}/ tLg af/ zfd sf] k9ร gf rflxP .

*@= *@ P] cNnfx d'em] d]/] abg\ d]+ cflkmot\ b] . P] cNnfx d'em] d]/] sfgf]+ d]+ cflkmot\ b] . P] cNnfx d'em] d]/L cfFvf]+ d]+ cflkmot\ b] . t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+ . P] cNnfx d}+ s'k|m cf}/ kmj|ร m -u+/LaL_ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F cf}/ sร a| s] chร fa ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsร gxL+ . -ca"bfpmb $รท#@$, cxdb\ %รท$@, cdn'n\of}ld jNn}nf g;fO{ xbL; g)=@@, bCuql&lqUuh gnhl u-69] cq[kkjh dh vncqy&eqQjn, bCus ckt+ us bldh lun dks glu dgk gS] rqgQrqy v[;kj i`"B% 26_

ยฌ ^ P !I $K m ~ I I !M2 I T M K @S I 6I R PF(I I 2M .S ^ I $F ^ .F h VI 5^ P /I )) ย 83 (( 4 ^ Pย R I $K *#= *# d'em] cNnfx xL sfkmL x} . p; s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s]

nfosร \ gxL+, d}+ g] p;L k/ e/f];f lsof cf}/ jx cz]{ chร Ld sf /a\ x} . -tks vkneh bl nqvk dks ;ft af/ ;'axร \ cf}/ ;ft af/ zfd sf] k9+] uf, vYykg mlds fy, nqfu;k vkSj vkf[kjr ds dkeksa ds fy, dkQh

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฆูค gksxkA bCuql&lqUuh gnhl u-71] ca"bfpmb $รท#@!, 'kqvSc vkSj vCnqy d+kfnj vjukร r us bldh lun dks lghg dgk gSA nsf[k;s% t+knqy evkn 2@376_

VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F ย R I aR ยญK$ I I P ~ $ VP &R nF I&R I $K I I K I $K I $LuF,P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F ))ย 84 P M,P 4N 'M S$F VP $R I I VP R2P )F I 0 I I P 1M I VP ^P#1R VP &R : nF I&R I $K I I K I $K I $LuF,P )F VP R K aI P R I 0 N I I# ^ P I P R VP ^ย K F /P 4N 'M S$ VP 6R I( P I P R BI VP 6R I P (I GF I ย K )L K )F I R I ย F I ^ L P (M )F I VP HR P &F P R I VP $R I R P (I I VP ^ P R I# P (I I (( VP R7 P 6I P R *$= *$ P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] b'lgof cf}/ cflvร /t\ d]+ dfkmL cf}/ cflkmot\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F . P] cNnfx d}+ ckg] bLg, ckgL b'lgof, ckg] vfgbfg cf}/ ckg] dfn d]+ t'em ;] dfkmL cf}/ cflkmot\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F . P] cNnfx d]/L k/bf jfnL rLhร k/ k/bf 8fn b] cf}/ d]/L 3a\/fx6f]+ sf] ;'s"g d]+ abn\ b] . P] cNnfx d]/] ;fdg] ;], d]/] kL5] ;], d]/] bfo]+ t/km ;], cf}/ d]/] afo]+ t/km ;] cf}/ d]/] pmk/ ;] d]/L lxร kmfht\ s/ cf}/ O; aft ;] d}+ t]/L chร \dt\ sL kgfx rfxtf x"F ls crfgs\ ckg] gLr] ;] xnfs lsof hfpmF . -ca"bfpmb, OAg] dfhf, b]lvP ;xLx OAg] dfhf @@@#@_

m N I ย ^ P uF$K I * R I I N $ I wR F& ย R 1I I'o N $ I c ^ P I $K 4I $R I( 4N 'M S$F ))ย 85 J !I P !R I ^ L P (M )F T I P)F .S ^ I $F ^ .S K )F M 'I P )F M \F PR I I tk VP I ย @L P )F =tP ,M VP g K I 9F(I { I ^ IHK )F K )F I R @R P R I R Fย Po N $ J I P R I PV g K I (( 4` R P M 9F$ ^ M N dM )F

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٦٥

*%= P] cNnfx P] uÞ}a tyf xÞflh+/ sf] hfgg] jfn] , cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg sf] k}bf s/g] jfn], x/ rLhÞ s] kfngxf/ cf}/ dflns Û d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F ckg] gkm;\ s] z/\ ;] cf}/ z}tfg s] z/\ cf}/ p; s] lzs{ ;] cf}/ O; aft ;] ls d}+ ckgL hfg k/ sf]O{ a'/fO{ s?F of ls;L cf}/ d';ndfg s] lnP a'/fO{ sf sf/0f ag"F . - lqldhÞL , ca"bfpmb , cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!$@ _

V!R& .F I ž ^ P uF!K$ VR& t® VP I R R ,P qI I ~ M"I#.F 0 P OR $S g 4^ P ^ ))ÂŒ86 tLg af/ k9Þ] (( 4M PR I $K qM P R N $ I 2M I tg I N $ *^= *^ cNnfx s] gfd s] ;fy lh; s] gfd s] ;fy hÞdLg cf}/ cf;dfg d]+ sf]O{ rLhÞ g's\; Þ fg gxL+ kx'FrftL cf}/ jxL ;'gg] jfnf cf}/ hfgg] jfnf x} . -ca"bfpmb $@#@# , lqldhÞL %@$^%, OAg] dfhf, cxdb cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg]dfhf @÷##@, bCus ckt+ 8 us bldh lun dks glu dgk gS] rqg~Qrqy v[;kj%39)_

(( = ^5 I Â… N 7 I M ^ I = P#1R ;^ % F ,P 3^$K ^ I ¯ I g ^ T M Pp R I ))#87

*& = d}+ cNnfx s] /a\ xf]g] k/ cf}/ O:nfd s] bLg xf]g] k/ cf}/ d'xÞDdb s] gaL xf]g] d]+ k/ /fhÞL x"F . 9

8

hf] cfbdL O; b'cf sf] ;'axÞ\ cf}/ zfd tLg tLg af/ k9Þ] uf p;] sf]O{ rLhÞ g's\; Þ fg gxL+ kx'Frf ;stL . 9 hf] cfbdL O; b'cf sf] tLg af/ ;'axÞ\ cf}/ tLg af/ zfd sf] k9Þ] uf, cNnfx tcfnf p;]] sÞofdt\ s] lbg h+/m/ v'z s/ b]uf .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٦٦ -d':fgb\ cxÞ\db\ $÷##&, veyqy&;kSfe oy&ySyk ^ulkbZ* gnhl u-4] bCuql&lqUuh gnhl u-68] vcw nkÃ…n 4@318] lqldhÞL %÷$^%, bCus ckt+ us bldh lun dks glu dgk gS] rqgQ ~ rqy v[;kj i`"B% 39_

.F I M !S@L VP ^uK VP $R –P R8 P )F s L P R I,P )F I- R I /P I ^ ;M P ~HF I# V~ /I I# )) ÂŒ88 (( ` P(I nF &F P wF VP g K I 9F$ ^ VP ^K \R 6I **= P] lhÞGbf /xg] jfn] P] sÞfOd\ /vg] jfn] Û d}+ t]/L xL /x\dt\ ;] km/ofb s/tf x"F t" d]/] tdfd sfd b'?:t s/ b] cf}/ cfFv emks\g] s] a/fa/ eL d'em] d]/] u¶l s] xÞjfn] g s/ . -gkfde us bls fjok;r djds lghg dgk gS vkSj t+gc~ h us bldh iqh"V dh gS 1@545] nsf[k, ;xÞLxÞ t/uÞLa j t/xLa !÷@&#_

I $LuF,P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F ١٠I P R $F I $K m J I R ‹$R M K M $K –I 5I8 P )F I I 7 P 5I8 P )F)) -89 I M I !M2 I M !I @F I I I M I P !M I M I P I I M 7 I P&F WW ;^ P I$K FO2I I PaI (( M I P I I J I I R P&R I J I P R I ^ L P (M )F *(= xd g] ;'axÞ\ sL cf}/ cNnfx /Aa'n\ cfndLg s] d'N\s g] ;'axÞ\ sL . P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] O; lbg sL enfO{, O; sL kmt\xÞ j dbb\ O; sf g"/ cf}/ O;sL a/st\ cf}/ O; sL lxbfot\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ O; lbg sL a'/fO{ tyf O; s] afb jfn] lbgf]+ sL a'/fO{ ;] t]/L kgfx df+utf x"F . 10 11

cf}/ zfd s] jSÞt sx] . I P R $F I $K m J I R ‹$R M K M $K VI P )F I I P I P )F cf}/ zfd s] jSÞt sx] M

I J I I I' P&R I J I P R I ^ L P (M )F I I2 I 2M I I' I@F I I I I2 I P M I I2 I P I I I'7 I P&F nR F PS$ R OR 2I I PaI I $LuF,P )F VP J ^ 4N 'M S$F . I2 I P I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ٌ٧ -ca"bfpmb $á#@@ 'kqvSc vkSj vCnqy d+kfnj vjukĂ…r us bldh lun dks glu dgk gS] hĂžfb'n\ dcĂžfb @á#&# _

^ #R1 9F(I I ´ ^ % F aP Âľg nR I R@F 9F(I I ^; FP,Âľg ‡R I €K &R 9F(I I 7 P 5I8 P )FÂŒ90 I !R F !F@ I I = R P M = ^ /I 4I R2 I P ^ I ^ )F nR S R 9F(I Â… N 7 I M I J5^ I .Âś I @R ^ o P M $K ()= xd g] lkmt\/t] O:nfd cf}/ slndo] OvĂž\nf; cf}/ ckg] gaL d'xĂžDdb s] bLg cf}/ ckg] afk Oa|fxLd sL ldNnt\ k/ ;'axĂž12 \ sL hf] xĂžgLkm j d'l:nd y] cf}/ jx d'z\l/sf]+ d]+ ;] g y] . -cxĂž\db\ #á$)^, $)&, bCuql&lqUuh dh veyqy&;kSfe oy&ySyk gnhl u-34] ;xĂžLxĂž'n\hfldcĂž\ $á@)(_

!)) af/ (( R R P 7 I ^ I g F I75P,M )) ÂŒ91 (!= eSa vYykg dh ikdh c;ku djrk vkSj mldh rkjhQ djrk gwÂĄA Âźtks vkneh lqcg vkSj 'kke bl nqvk dks lkS ckj i<+s xk fd+;ker ds fnu dksbZ vkneh ml ls csgrj vey ysdj ugha vk, xk] gkÂĄ vxj dksbZ vkneh mlh ds cjkcj ;k ml ls vf/kd ckj bl nqvk dks i<+s Âźrks ml ls csgrj gks ldrk gS½A ÂźeqfLye 4@2071½

M !P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I # ^ I .F M I /P I M S$ .S ^ I $F ^.F )) ÂŒ92 .(( z #R HF tk VP I Â? @L 9F(I I 2M I (@ = cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt s] nfosĂž\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . p;L sf d'N\s x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhĂž k/ sĂžflb/ x} . 12

vkSj 'kke ds le; ;g dgs % ... ;%,¾ ‡ €& 9 ( )

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ٌ٨

nl ckj ŸulkbZ dh veyqy&;kSfe oy&ySyk gnhl u-24] nsf[k, lghg rjx+hc o rjghc 1@272] rqgQrqy v[;kj%44] bl nqvk dh Qt+hyr blh fdrkc dh gnhl u-255 nsf[k;s½

lqLrh ds le; ,d ckj i<+ ysA Âź vcw nkĂ…n 4@319] bCus ektk] vgen 4@60] vkSj nsf[k, lghg rjx+hc o rjghc 1@270] lghg vcw nkĂ…n 2@957] lghg bCus ektk 2@331] t+knqy evkn 2@377½

I !M2 I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I P# ^ I .F M I /P I h S. ^ I $^ .F )) ÂŒ93 ;'axĂž s] jS+t !))af/ (( z P# R HF tk V P I Â? @L ”9F(I (#= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt s] nfosĂž\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . p;L sf d'N\s x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhĂž k/ sĂžflb/ x} .13 R R P (I nF I]^ I R g K I Ip ^ I R eR K aI 1I I (I : R R P 7 I ^ I g F I75P,M )) ÂŒ94 ;'axĂž s] jS+t tLg af/ (( R 6R I R@F 1I I R ($= cNnfx kfs x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm x} p; sL dvĂž\n"sĂž sL tfbfb s] a/fa/ cf}/ p; sL ckgL dhL]{ cf}/ p; s] cz{ s] jhĂžg\ s] a/fa/ cf}/ p; s] slndft sL /f]zgfO{ s] a/fa/ . -d'l:nd $á@)() _ (( % = 5NeF I M % = I (I I = 5J wF =HP] ^ I = R& I = K (R I $LuF,P )F VJ ^ 4N 'M $F ))ÂŒ95 13

hf] cfbdL ;'AfxĂž s] ;do O; b'cf sf] !)) af/ k9Ăž] tf] p; sf]] b; uĂž'nfd cfhĂžfb s/g] sf ;jfa ldn]uf, p;s] lnP ;f} g]lsof+ lnvL hfo]+ uL+ cf}/ p; s] ;f} u'gfx dfkm s/ lbP hfo]+u] cf}/ jx p; lbg zfd ts z}tfg s] z/ ;] dxkm"h+ /x]uf . cf}/ dksbZ vkneh ml ls csgrj vey ysdj ugha vk, xk] gkÂĄ vxj dksbZ vkneh ml ls vf/kd ckj bl nqvk dks i<+s Âźrks ml ls csgrj gks ldrk gS½A -a'vĂžf/L $á(% d'l:nd $á@)&! _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฆูฉ

;g nqvk lqcg ds oD+r i<+sA (%= P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] gkmf b]g] jfn] ONd cf}/ kfsLhร f /f]hร L cf}/ sร a"n xf]g] jfn] cdn\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F . -bCuql&lqUuh us veyqy&;kSfe oy&ySyk esa fjok;r fd;k gS] gnhl u-54] OAg] dfhf g=(@%, 'kqvSc vkSj vCnqy d+kfnj vjukร r us bldh lun dks glu dgk gS] nsf[k, hร fb'n\ dcร fb @รท#&% _

k|ltlbg !)) af/ (( R P$F ^ m M M6 )F I ย M R P I,P )F))ย 96

(^= d}+ cNnfx ;] dfkmL dfFutf x"F cf}/ p;L ;] tf}af s/tf x"F . -a'vร f/L kmtxร 'n\ af/L s] ;fy !!รท!)!, d'l:nd $รท@)&%_ ((ย I Fa I I J I P R * R N N $ g * R I R\F ^ L M()F ))ย 97 zfd s] jSร t tLg af/ k9ร ] .

(&= d}+ cNnfx s] d'sDdn\ slndft s] ;fy pg tdfd rLhร f]+ sL a'/fO{ ;] kgfx rfxtf x"F hf] p; g] k}bf sL x}+ . -tks vkneh 'kke ds oDr rhu ckj bl nqvk dks i<+s rks mls ml jkr dksbZ t+gjhyk tkuoj uqd+~lku ugha igqยกpk,xk] vgen 2@290] veyqy&;kSe oy&ySyk ^ulkbZ* u-590] bCuql&lqUuh u-68] cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!*&, lghg bCus ektk 2@266] rqgQrqy v[;kj%45 _

!) af/ (( ย N 7 I M I J5^ I 9F(I 4P ย ,I I ย 8 I 4N 'M S$F )) ย 98

(*= ,s vYykg gekjs uch eqgEen lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ij n:n o lyke HkstA ยผ /;"n'Nnfx km/dft] x}+ hf] cfbdL !) af/ ;'axร s] jSร t cf}/ !) af/ zfd sf] d'em k/ bยฟb k9ร ] tf] p;] sร ofdt s] lbg d]/L zkmfct\ g;La xf]uL . -rcjkuh us bl gnhl dks nks lunksa ls fjok;r fd;k gS muesa ls ,d tSf;n gS] nsf[k;s et~emT+t+okbn 10@120] ;xร Lxร t/uร La j t/xLa !รท@&#_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٧٠

28 - ;f]g] s] s] ;do sL b'cfPF ((= ckgL bf]gf]+ xy]lnof]+ sf] ldnfs/ pg d]+] km"Fs df/], lkm/ pg d]+ k9Þ] M ߉yϑ¢Á9$# ª!$# ∩⊇∪ î‰xmr& ª!$# uθèδ ö≅è%  4^ P/R N !$ ^ P N $ g 4^ P ^ 7‰xmr& #³θà à2 …ã&©! ä3tƒ öΝs9uρ ∩⊂∪ ô‰s9θムöΝs9uρ ô$Í#tƒ öΝs9 ∩⊄∪ (٠٠٤-٠٠١ ‫∪⊆∩ 〈 )ا ص‬ $tΒ Îh Ÿ° ÏΒ ∩⊇∪ È,n=x ø9$# Éb>u Î/ èŒθããr& ö≅è%  4^ P/R N $ ^ P N $ g 4^ P ^ Íh x© ÏΒuρ ∩⊂∪ |=s%uρ #sŒÎ) @,Å™%yñ Îh Ÿ° ÏΒuρ ∩⊄∪ t,n=yz ∩∈∪ y‰|¡xm #sŒÎ) >‰Å™%tn Íh x© ÏΒuρ ∩⊆∪ ωs)ãèø9$# ’Îû ÏM≈sV≈¤ ¨Ζ9$# (٠٠٥-٠٠١ ‫)ا‬ Å7Ï=tΒ ∩⊇∪ Ĩ$¨Ψ9$# Éb>u Î/ èŒθããr& ö≅è%  4^ P/R N !$ ^ P N !$ g 4^ P ^ Ĩ$¨Ψsƒù:$# Ĩ#uθó™uθø9$# Íh x© ÏΒ ∩⊂∪ Ĩ$¨Ψ9$# ϵ≈s9Î) ∩⊄∪ Ĩ$¨Ψ9$#

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٧٥

Ă?Ď€¨ΨĂ…fø9$# zĂ?Î’ âˆŠâˆˆâˆŞ Ă„¨$¨Ψ9$# Ă?â€˜Ď Ă&#x;‰Ă&#x;š ’ÎÝ â¨Ăˆθó™uθãĆ’ “Ă?%Š!$# âˆŠâŠ†âˆŞ (Ů Ů ŮŚ-Ů Ů ŮĄ ‍ âˆŞâˆ‰âˆŠ ⌊ )ا س‏Ĩ$¨Ψ9$#uĎ

vYyk ds uke ls 'kq: djrk gwÂĄ tks cgqr n;kyw cM+k jge djus okyk gSA ^^ vki dg nhft, og vYykg ,d gS] vYykg rvkyk csfu;kt+ gS] u mldh dksbZ vkSykn gS vkSj u og fdlh dh vkSykn gS vkSj u mldk dksbZ led{k Âźgelj½ gS**A Âźlwjrqy b[ykl% 1&4½ ^^ vki dg nhft, fd eSa lqcg ds jc dh iukg esa vkrk gwÂĄ gj ml pht+ dh cqjkbZ ls tks mlus iSnk dh gS] vkSj va/ksjh jkr dh cqjkbZ ls tc mldk va/kdkj QSy tk,A vkSj xkÂĄB yxkdj mu esa QwÂĄdus okfy;ksa dh cqjkbZ ls vkSj gln djus okys dh cqjkbZ ls tc og gln djs**A Âźlwjrqy Qyd+%1&5½ ^^vki dg nhft, fd eSa yksxksa ds jc] yksxksa ds ekfy vkSj yksxksa ds ekcwn dh iukg esa vkrk gwÂĄ oLolk Mkyus okys ihNs gV tkus okys dh cqjkbZ ls] tks yksxksa ds lhuksa esa oLolk Mkyrk gS Âźpkgs½ og ftUu esa ls gks ;k ekuo esa ls**A ÂźlwjrqUukl%1&6½ lkm/ bf]gf]+ xy]lnof]+ sf] ckg] abg k/ hxfÂĄ ts xf] ;s] km]/] . ;/, r]x/f cf}/ abg\ s] ;fdg] jfn] lx:;] ;] z'Âż s/] . O; k|sf/ tLg af/ s/] M -a'vĂžf/L kmtxĂž'n af/L s] ;fy (á^@ d'l:nd $á!&@# _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٧٢

M $S ;z P I .F I nx I,R M OL aM uK 6I .F ;M ~ eF $K ~V7 I $K I 2M .S ^ I !F$ ^ .F M $ 100 R !^ K 3^ ^ .S ^ M I P(R qM F o P I# 0RO$S F I ^ P « VR& I I * R I I N $ VR& I I ^ .S ^ R R K (R P J tk VP o I ^ F L R7M# .F I 4P 'M F K aI I I 4P '^ #R P#)F I P I I 4M F P I# V~ R I $K I 2M I I 'M L K /R M 1M M¢I# .F I I P « I * R I I N $ M ~,R P @L qI ,R I t I [ YY: e5$ ] 4M R I $K !))= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ dfÞa"b -k"hgLo_ gxL+ jx xd]zf lhÞGbf /xg] jfnf x} , ;asf] sÞfOd\ /v\g] jfnf x} . p;sf] g pmF3 cftL x} g gL+b cf;dfg cf}/ h+dLg sL ;a rLhÞ]+ p;L sL x}+ . sf}g x} hf] p; s] kf; ls;L sL l;kmfl/z\ s/] p;sL OhfhÞt\ s] auÞ}/ . jx hfgtf x} hf] nf]uf]+ s] ;fdg] x} cf}/ hf] pGfs] kL5] x}, cf}/ nf]u p;s] ON\d ;] s'5 gxL+ 3]/ -dfn"d_ ;s\t] du/ lhtgf cNnfx rfx], cf}/ p;sL s';L{ g] cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg sf] ckg] j':fct\ - 3]/] _ d]+ n] /vf x} . cf}/ pg bf]gf]+ sL lxÞkÞmfh+t\ p;sf] ysf gxL+ ;stL cf}/ jx a'nGb x} chÞ\dt\ jfnf x} . -;"/t'n aS+/fM @%%_ ¼cu/ sf]O{ cfbdL ;f]g] s] lnP ha la:t/ k/ cfP cf}/ cfotn\ s';L{ k9Þ n] tf] cNnfx sL cf]/ ;] p; s] lnP Ps d'xÞflkmh -lg/LIfs_ d'sÞ/{/\ -lgo'Qm_ xf] hftf x} cf}/ ;'axÞ ts p; s] sÞ/La z}tfg gxL+ cf ;stf . -a'vÞf/L kmtxÞ'n af/L s] ;fy $÷$*&_ ½

ϵÎn/§‘ ÏΒ Ïµø‹s9Î) tΑÍ“Ρé& !$yϑÎ/ ãΑθß™§ 9$# ztΒ#u  -101 Ï&Í#ß™â‘uρ ϵÎ7çFä.uρ ϵÏFs3Íׯ≈n=tΒuρ «!$$Î/ ztΒ#u <≅ä. 4 tβθãΖÏΒ÷σßϑø9$#uρ

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٧٣

$sΨ÷èsÛr&uρ $uΖ÷èÏϑy™ (#θä9$s%uρ 4 Ï&Í#ß™•‘ ÏiΒ 7‰xmr& š÷t/ ä−Íh x çΡ Ÿω $²¡ø tΡ ª!$# ß#Ïk=s3ムŸω ∩⊄∇∈∪ ã ÅÁyϑø9$# y7ø‹s9Î)uρ $sΨ−/u‘ y7tΡ#u ø äî ( Ÿω $sΨ−/u‘ 3 ôMt6|¡tFø.$# $tΒ $pκöQn=tãuρ ôMt6|¡x. $tΒ $yγs9 4 $yγyèó™ãρ $ωÎ) !$uΖøŠn=tã ö≅Ïϑóss? Ÿωuρ $sΨ−/u‘ 4 $tΡù'sÜ÷zr& ÷ρr& !$uΖŠÅ¡°Σ βÎ) !$tΡõ‹Ï{#xσè? Ÿωuρ $uΖ−/u‘ 4 $uΖÏ=ö6s% ÏΒ šÏ%©!$# ’n?tã …çµtFù=yϑxm $yϑx. #X ô¹Î) $sΨs9 ö Ï øî$#uρ $¨Ψtã ß#ôã$#uρ ( ϵÎ/ $sΨs9 sπs%$sÛ Ÿω $tΒ $sΨù=Ïdϑysè? ÏΘöθs)ø9$# ’n?tã $tΡö ÝÁΡ$$sù $uΖ9s9öθtΒ |MΡr& 4 !$uΖôϑxmö‘$#uρ (٢٨٦-٢٨٥ ‫ ∪∉∇⊄∩ 〈 )ا ة‬šÍ Ï ≈x6ø9$#

!)!= jlwy ml pht+ ij bZeku yk, tks mldh vksj vYykg dh rjQ ls mrkjh xbZ vkSj eqlyeku Hkh bZeku yk,A ;g lc vYykg] mlds Qfj'rs] mldh fdrkcksa vkSj mlds jlwyksa ij bZeku yk,] mlds jlwyksa esa ls fdlh ds e/; ge erHksn ugha djrs] mUgksa us dgk fd ge us lquk vkSj Qjekacjnkjh dh] ,s gekjs jc! rq> ls {kek pkgrs gSa] vkSj ges rsjh gh vksj ykSVuk gSA vYykg fdlh izk.kh ij mldh rkd+r ls vf/kd cks> ugha

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٧٤

Mkyrk] tks usdh og djs og mlh ds fy, gS vkSj tks cqjkbZ og djs og mlh ij gS] gs gekjs jc! vxj ge Hkwy x;s gksa ;k xyrh dh gks] rks gesa u idM+ukA gs gekjs jc! ge ij og cks> u Mky tks gels igys yksxksa ij Mkyk FkkA gs gekjs jc! ge ij og cks> u Mky ftldh gesa rkd+r ugha] vkSj gesa ekQ dj ns vkSj gesa c['k ns vkSj ge ij n;k dj rw gh gekjk ekfyd gS] gesa dkfQj leqnk; ij fot; iznku djA -;"/t'n aS+/fM @*%&@*^_ ¼hf] cfbdL ox bf]gf]+ cfot]+ /ft d]+ k9Þ n] tf] p; s] lnP o] cfot]+ sfkmL xf] hfo]+uL . a'vÞf/L kmtxÞ'n af/L s] ;fy (÷($, d'l:nd !@%%$ ½

Vg K I T I \K I P )F K 3^&F M M &F P )F I ^ I V^5 PdI T M P p I I VJ I I R ,P ^ ))ÂŒ102 .(( ¶ I 7 R $R N $ ‘I 1I I5(R R ^ · L F 7 P 6I I ^ I'ÂŽK F P/ F& I' IK ,I P )F K ^ I I' P /I P F& !)@= t]/] xL gfd14 ;] P] d]/] /a\ d}+ g] ckgf kxn" -s/j6\_

/vf cf}/ t]/L xL tf}kmLs ;] O;] p7fpmFuf . O; lnP cu/ t" d]/L hfg -k|f0f_ sf] /f]s n] tf] p; k/ /xd s/ cf}/ cu/ p;] 5f]8Þ b] tf] t" p; sL lxÞkmfhÞt\ s/ h};f ls t" ckg] g]s aGbf]+ sL lxÞkmfht\ s/tf x} . -a'vÞf/L !!÷!@^ d'l:nd $÷@)*$_

K ^ I2 I 7 P I I I'6M I I I $F I2 S& I 6I T I PF) I Vg K I T I eK FaI I N ^ 4N 'M $F Œ103 . nF I&R I $K I $LuF,P )F VJ ^ 4N 'M $F . I'$F P R ‚K F& I' N I )F K ^ I I'ŽK F /P F& I' I P I/P )F 14

^^ tc rqe esa ls dksbZ vkneh vius fcLrj ls mBs vkSj fQj nqckjk mldh vksj vk, rks mls vius rgcUn ds fdukjs ls rhu ckj >kM+ ys vkSj fcfLeYykg dgs] D;ksafd mls irk ugha fd mlds ckn ml ij dkSu lh pht+ vkxbZ gks vkSj tc fcLrj ij ysVs rks ;g nqvk i<+s ---**

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٧٥

!)#= P] cNnfx t" g] xL d]/L hfg -k|f0f_ k}bf sL cf}/ t" xL p;] df}t b]uf . t]/] xL s+Ah+] d]+ p; sf] df/gf cf}/ lhGbf /vgf x} . cu/ t" O;] lh+Gbf /v] tf] O; sL lxÞkmfhÞt\ s/ cf}/ cu/ O;] df}t b] tf] O;] aVÞz b] . P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] cflkmot\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F . -d'l:nd $÷@)*#, cxdb s] zAb x}+ @@&(_

.‘ I 1I I5(R s L I 5P6I ;I P I# I I FO(I V^ HR 4N 'M $F Œ104

!)$= P] cNnfx d'em] -ml fnu_ ckg] chÞfa ;] arf lh; lbg t" ckg] aGbf]+ sf] p7fo]uf . -/;"n'Nnfx ha ;f]g] sf O/fbf s/t] tf] ckgf bfofF xfy ckg] ?vÞ;f/ -ufn_ s] gLr] /vt] lkm/ tLg af/ ox b'cf k9Þt] . ca"bfpmb s] zAb x}+ $÷#!! cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!$#_

(( I / P )F I * M M )F 4N 'M $F I R ,P ^ ))Œ105

!)%= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/] xL gfd ;] d/tf x"F cf}/ lhÞGbf xf]tf x"F . - a'vÞf/L kmtxÞ'n af/L s] ;fy !!÷!!# d'l:nd $÷@)*# _ af/ 33

g M !P 7 I $K I af/ 33

g F I75P,M Π106 af/ 34 M 5I@K )F h I

!)^= tks vkneh fcLrj ij ysVrs gq, 33 ckj lqCgkuYykg ¼vYykg ikd gS½ 33 ckj vYgenq&fyYykg ¼lc rkjhQ vYykg ds fy, gS½ vkSj 34 ckj vYykgq vDcj ¼vYykg lc ls cM+k gS½ i<+s rks ;g mlds fy, [kkfne ls csgrj gSA ¼ a'vÞf/L kmtxÞ'n af/L s] ;fy &÷&! d'l:nd $÷@)(!½

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٧٦

m N I I I N I 4^ R I $K ¬ ^ P I $K m N I I q^ 5P N $ * R I I N $ m N I 4N 'M $F 107 R FH P L $K I ^ ^ P3^$K I R I P N$ GF v^ P M Q I N$ I c J 7 I $K I $R F& tk VP I @L GL N uF!K$ T I P)F 4N 'M $F . R R I8 R I ^ Ox aR B T I P)F tk VP I @L J I P R I- ^ L M()F I PF&F M 2R S $ T I P)F I t® VP I I I P I I PF&F M aR ¸ T I P)F I t® VP I I F5PHF I PF&F I ^ K )F I I P# N $ N (I ^ HK R t® VP I I I M1 I PF&F M wR I5$K T I P)F I t® VP I I HF P &F . ^ eK F $K I R !)&= P] cNnfx . P] ;ftf]+ cf;dfgf]+ s] /a\ cf}/ cz]{ chÞLd s] /a\ . P] xdf/] cf}/ x/ rLhÞ s] /a . bfg] cf}/ u'7nL sf] kmf8Þg] jfn] , tf}/ft , OGhLn cf}/ km'/sÞfg -s+'/cfg_ s] gflhÞn\ s/g] jfn]Û d}+ x/ p; rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ tyf z/\ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F lh; sL k]zfgL t" ks8Þ] x'P x} . P] cNnfx Û t" xL cJjn\ x} k;\ t'em\ ;] kxn] sf]O{ rLhÞ gxL+ cf}/ t" xL cflvÞ/ x} k;\ t]/] afb sf]O{ rLhÞ gxL+ . t" xL hÞflx/ x} k;\ t'em ;] pmk/ sf]O{ rLhÞ gxL+ cf}/ t" xL afltg\ x} k;\ t'em ;] clws kf]zLbf sf]O{ rLhÞ gxL+ . xdf/f sÞh{ cbf s/ b] cf}/ xd]+ d'xÞtfhuL ;] -lgsfn s/_ uÞgL s/ b] . -d'l:nd $÷@)*$_

4P \F &F I I BI I F @F I I Fe,I I I I I wK )F 0RO$S R S$R M P 7 I $K F)) 108 (( 0 I ^ ¢P M .F I M $F VI &R F@ .F P N R !)*= ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} lh; g] xd]+ lvnfof cf}/

lknfof cf}/ xd]+ sfkmL xf] uof cf}/ xd]+ l7sfgf lbof, k;\

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูงูง

lstg] xL nf]u P];] x}+ lhGx]+ sf]O{ lskmfot\ s/g] jfnf gxL+ g sf]O{ l7sfgf b]g] jfnf x} . -d'l:nd $@@)*% _ ย @L m N I ย ^ P ยซย I * R I ย N $ I wR F& ย R 1I I'o N $ I c ^ P I $K 4I $R I( 4N 'M $F ย 109 P R I Vg K I J I R I ^ L M()F T I P)F .S ^ I $F ^ .F F) M 'I P )F M \F R I I tk VP I .4` R P M < F ^ M N dM )F P )F =t M, Vg K I 9F(I { I ^ IHK )F K )F I R @R P R I R Fย Po N $ J I !)(= P] cNnfx P] uร }a tyf xร flhร / sf] hfgg] jfn], cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hร dLg sf] k}bf s/g] jfn], x/ rLhร s] /a cf}/ dflns ร d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosร \ gxL+ . d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F ckg] gยถ;\ s] z/\ ;] cf}/ z}tfg s] z/\ cf}/ p; s] lzs{ ;] cf}/ O; aft ;] ls d}+ ckgL hfg k/ sf]O{ a'/fO{ s?F of ls;L cf}/ d';ndfg s] lnP a'/fO{ sf sf/0f ag"F . -ca"bfpmb $@#!& , cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!$@_ .M K M $K R R I ^ 0RO$S ย I I I56I I ย R I ย P N $ F #^v P6I 4ย $ย )L I eK I# ย 110

!!)= lwjrql&lt~nk ย R I ย P N $ F #^v P6I 4ยน $ยน vkSj lwjrqy&eqYd M K M $K R R I ^ 0RO$S ย I I I56I i<+sA - lqldhร L , g;fO{ cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร 'n\ hfldcร $รท@%%_

I !P $F ^ 0^ !P )F T M p P N &F I I P$F ^ Vg K I T M P F,P )F 4N 'M ย $F )) ย 111 I P$F ^ n= 5I2P I I n= 5Iย K I I P$F ^ 0^ 'P jF * M uK ย I $K)F I I P$F ^ VI '^ dP I T M 'P dN I I I J5^ I ^ I T I $KvI P)F 0RO$S I ^ I \R ^ T M P I B I P$F ^ .S ^ I P R Iย P I .F I uFย I K I .F ((T I K ,I P )F 0RO$S

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٧٨

!!!= P] cNnfx15 d}+ g] ckg] gkm\; -k|f0f_ sf] t]/] xÞjfn] s/ lbof cf}/ ckgf dfdnf t'em] ;f}+k lbof cf}/ ckgf r]x/f t]/L t/km s/ lnof cf}/ ckgL kL7 t]/L cf]/ e'msfO{ . t]/L t/km /uÞat\ s/t] x'P cf}/ t'em ;] 8/t] x'P . t]/] b/ s] l;jf g sf]O{ kgfx sL hux x} cf}/ g efu s/ hfg] sL . d}+ O{dfg nfof t]/L p; lstfa k/ hf] t" g] ptf/L cf}/ t]/] p; gaL k/ hf] t" g] e]hf . -bl nqvk dks i<+us okys ds ckjs esa uch us Qjek;k% ^^vxj rqEgkjh ekSr gks tk;s rks rqEgkjh ekSr fQr~jrs bLyke ij gksxh**A a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n\ af/L s] ;fy !!÷!!# d'l:nd $÷@)*! _

29- /ft sf] s/\ s/j\ 6\ abn\ abnt]\t] ;do sL b'cf /ft sf] ha s/j6\ abn] tf] ox b'cf k9Þ] M !I I ž ^ P «Âˆ I * R I ” N $ m ~ I M N'eF $K M /R I $K h .S ^ I $F ^.F )) ÂŒ112 (( M S I $K vM #^v I $K I 'M I P I !!@= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . hf] cs]nf cf}/ tfs+tjf/ x} . cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg cf}/ pg s] aLr sL ;f/L rLhÞf]+ sf /a, ax't u+flna ax't dfkm s/g] jfnf x} . -O;] xÞflsd\ g] l/jfot\ s/s] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} cf}/ h+xaL g] O;sL k'li6 sL x} !@%$), cdn'n&of}ld jn&n}nf g;fO{, OAg';&;'GgL, b]lvP ;xÞLx'Þn\ hfldcÞ\ $÷@!#_

15

tc rqe lksus pyks rks uekt+ ds oqt+w dh rjg oqt+w dj yks fQj nkfgus djoV ij ysV dj ;g nqvk i<+ksA

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٧٩

30& gL+ ] gL }gL cf} gLb+ d] d]+ ar cf/} 3a/\ fx6 fx6\

tyf jxÞzt\ \zt\ sL b'cf zt R 1R I5(R J I I R ^ Fe(R I R 5^" I ‚F P R * R N N $ g * R I R\F ^ L M()F ))ÂŒ113 (( R M " M7 P I# K )F I ¶ I wR I o N $ * R Iv I 2I P R I !!#= d}+ cNnfx s] k"/] slndft sL kgfx ks8Þtf x"F p; s]

uÞ':;] cf}/ p; sL ;hÞf ;], p; s] aGbf]+ s] z/\ ;], z}tfgf]+ s] rf]sf]+ ;] cf}/ O; aft ;] ls j] d]/] kf; xÞflh/ xf]+ . -ca"bfpmb $÷!@ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!&!_

31- sf]O{ cfbdL a'/f VÞjfa -;kg ;kgf_ b]v] tf] Sof s/] < !!$=

-!_ ckgL afoL+ cf]/\ tLg af/ y"s] . -d'l:nd $÷!&&@_ -@_ z}tfg cf}/ ckg] O; VÞjfa sL a'/fO{ ;] tLg af/ cNnfx sL kgfx dfFu] . -d'l:nd $÷!&&@] !&&#_ -#_ ox VÞjfa ls;L sf] g ;'gfP . -d'l:nd $÷!&&@_ -$_ lh; kxn" k/ n]6f xf] p;] abn\ b] . -d'l:nd$÷!&&#_ !!%= !!% -%_ cu/ OR5f xf] tf] p7 s/ gdfhÞ k9Þ] . -d'l:nd $@!&&#_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٨٠

32- sÞ'g"t] ljq sL b'cfPF . V^ $S I !I6 I T I !P &F I( P I R& V^ &R I( I ITP# I 2I P I R& V^ R 2P 4N 'M S$F )) 116 I !N 3^&F T I P!I"HF I N I V^ HR I T I P F P()F I R& VR$ P ^ I I T I P$S I 6I P I R& [T I P#1I I( P I v~ R I#.F I ] T I P$F I P I G OR I# .F M N ^ I PF(I 9I"eK M# .F I VR"eK 6I (( T I P$F I 6I I I N I T I @K I I56I !!^= P] cNnfx t" g] lhg nf]uf]+ sf] lxbfot\ bL x} pGxL+ lxbfot ofkmtf nf]uf]+ d]+ ;] d'em] eL s/ b] cf}/ lhg nf]uf]+ sf] t"g] cÞflkmot\ bL x} pGxL+ s] ;fy d'em] eL cÞflkmot\ b] cf}/ lhg sf t" jfnL agf x} pGxL+ s] ;fy ;fy d]/f eL jfnL ag hf , cf}/ t"g] hf] s'5 d'em] ctf lsof x} p; d]+ d]/] lnP a/st\ b] , cf}/ hf] km}l;n] t"g] lsP x}+ pg sL a'/fO{ ;] d'em] dxÞ\km"h /v\ . Sof]+ls t" xL km}l;nf s/g] jfnf x} cf}/ t]/] lvnfkm sf]O{ eL km}l;nf gxL+ s/ ;stf . lh; sf t" bf]:t ag hfP jx seL ?:fjf gxL+ xf] ;stf , cf}/ lh; sf t" b'Zdg ag hfP jx OHÞhÞt\ jfnf gxL+ xf] ;stf . P] xdf/] /a\ t" ax't a/st\ jfnf cf}/ a'nGb x} . - vcw nkÅn] f=fet+h] ulkbZ] bCus ektk] vgen] nkjeh] gkfde] cSgd+h] nksuks dks"Bksa ds chp cSgd+h ds 'kCn gSa] vkSj nsf[k,% ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷!$$, ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷!($, bjokmy x+yhy ^vyckuh* 2@172 _

P !R I !R6 F& I M ^ I I R _ I ,I P R I Ip ^ ^ L P (M )F VJ ^ 4N 'M S$F )) 117 T I !P I K)F I @F T I P)F I PF(I t¦ I F 9R /P )L .F I P R I ^ L M()F I I R I Le(M I g K I 9F(I . (( -

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูจูก

!!&= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L gf/fhร uL ;] efu s/ t]/L /h+f sL cf]/ kgfx ks8ร tf x"F cf}/ t]/L ;hร f ;] t]/L dfkmL sL kgfx rfxtf x"F, cf}/ t'em ;] t]/L xL kgfx rfxtf x"F . d}+ t]/L k"/L tf/Lkm aofg s/g] sL tfsร t\ gxL+ /vtf . t" p;L t/x x} lh; t/x t" g] vร 'b\ ckgL tf/Lkm sL x} . - vcw nkร n] f=fet+h] ulkbZ] bCus ektk, cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!*) cf}/ ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf !รท!($, bjokmy x+yhy ^vyckuh* 2@175_

ย 9 I !P I I !P $F ^ I M ย M !P I I Vย I M I $F I M 5M P I ย I N# ^ 4N 'M S$F ย 118 I #^ &R !F\$K ^ I I FO(I S ^ I I FO(I ย 9o I_ P I I I I I /P I Md P I M R 7 P I I .F I I !P _ I $K I PF(I V^ ?K M I ย I M R P I P I I I M R I P I N ^ 4N 'M S$F .ย z 7 I K M . ย I M L \K I# P I qM F_ P I I I $F qM " I ยบK I I- ^ M R ยขP M I ย I M L \K I !!*= P] cNnfx xd t]/L xL Oafbt\ s/t] x}+ . t]/] lnP xL gdfhร k9ร t] cf}/ ;h\bf s/t] x}+ . t]/L t/km xL sf]lzz\ cf}/ hNbL s/t] x}+ . t]/L /xร dt\\ sL pDdLb /vt] x}+ cf}/ t]/] chร fa ;] 8/t] x}+ . t]/f chร fa sflkm/f]+ sf] ldng] jfnf x} . P] cNnfx xd t'em ;] dbb\ dfFut] x}+ cf}/ t'em ;] alVzz\ dfFut] x}+ . t]/L cR5L tf/Lkm s/t] x}+ . t'em ;] s'k|m gxL+ s/t] cf}/ t'em k/ O{dfg /vt] x}+ cf}/ t]/] ;fdg] em'st] x}+ cf}/ hf] t'em ;] s'k|m s/]] xd p; ;] ckgf l/Ztf vTd s/t] x}+ . -lquu dqczk cSgd+h 2@211 vkSj cSgd+h us bldh lun dks lghg dgk gS] z}vร cn\afgL ckgL lstfa Ojf{pn\ uร nLn d]+ km/dft] x}+ ls O; sL ;gb\ ;xร Lxร x} @รท!&) cf}/ ox b'cf pd/ - _ s] sร f}n ;] ;flat x} /;"n'Nnfx ;] gxL+ _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูจูข

33- ljq ;] ;nfd km]/g] s] afb sL b'cf .ยฅ ^ ~ eL $K R R I $K F I75P,M ย 119 !!(= kfs x} ax't kfsLhร uL jfnf afbzfx . fo= ls lyke Qsjus ckn ;g nqvk rhu ckj i<+s] rhljh ckj cqyUn vkokt+ ls i<+s vkSj vkokt+ yEch djs vkSj mlds lkFk ;g Hkh i<+s %

[ยค ^ ~ $ I nR \F rR% F I $K m J I ] kml/Ztf]+ cf}/ /mx -lha|Ln_ sf /a\ . -g;fO{ #รท@$$, bf/sร 'tgL, a/]ls6 s] aLr s] zAb bf/sร 'tgL s] x}+ @@#!, O;sL ;gb\ ;xร Lxร x}, nsf[k, t+knqy evkn 'kqvSc vkSj vCnqy d+kfnj vjukร r dh rgd+hd+ 1@337_

34- uร d\ -lrGtf_cf}/ lkmj|m s] ;do sL b'cfP fP+ Iย R !I ^ VR I!R8 I I- R I )F M P Iย R 5P(I M P Iย M 5P(I VJ ^ 4N 'M S$F ))ย 120 I-!F$ I 2M 4` ,P ย \L ^ I $LuF,P )F Iย ยงM I"HF VN &R Gx P (I I M \K /M VN &R ย ` I I-eR K aI P R = I/)F M I P S(I P )F I ^ I @R VR& M I$KvI P)F P )F I- I K I R ^ T I P N ,I V!^5K HF qI ^ I F BP eL $K F I ย P 6I K )F Iย I P(R c ^ P I $K 4^ K (R VR& R ^ * I P ย FuK I,P ^ )F (( VJ 2I m I I2 F I V^ vP /M tย % F dI I 0^ P 8 I I M I !@)= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/f aGbf x"F . t]/] aGb] cf}/ t]/L aGbL sf a]6f x"F . t]/f x'Sd d'em d]+ hf/L x} . d]/] af/] d]+ t]/f km}l;nf

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٨٣

O+;fkm k/ da\gL x} . d}+ t'em ;] t]/] x/ p; vÞf; gfd s] h+l/P] hf] t" g] vÞ'b ckgf gfd /vf x} of p;] ckgL lstfa d]+ gflhÞn lsof x} of ckgL dvÞ\n"sÞ d]+ ;] ls;L sf] l;vfof x} of t"g] p;] ckg] ONd] uÞ}a d]+ dxÞ\km"hÞ s/ /vf x} ox ;jfn s/tf x"F ls t" s'Þ/cfg sf] d]/] lbn sL axf/ cf}/ d]/] ;Lg] sf g"/ cf}/ d]/] uÞd\ sf] b"/ s/g] jfnf cf}/ d]/L k/]zfgL sf] vTd s/g] jfnf agf b] . -d':fgb\ cxÞ\db\ !÷#(! Zf}vÞ cn\afgL -/lx_ g] O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} _

^ !I \F $K I v^ „ P I $K I R vI 7 I $K I 4J 'I $K I R I ^ L M()F VJ ^ 4N 'M S$F )) ÂŒ121 .(( G^ Id J $ nR 5IF‚F I ^ P# N $ q^ Fp I I ^ 5P„ M K$ I ^ _ P 5M$K I !@!= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F k/]zfgL cf}/ uÞd\ ;] cf}/ cÞflhhÞ\ xf] hfg] tyf ;':tL j sflxnL ;] cf}/ a'HfÞ lbnL cf}/ a'Vn\ -sGh";L_ ;] cf}/ sÞh{ -C0f_ s] af]em cf}/ nf]uf]+ s] u+Na] ;] . -a'vÞf/L &÷!%* /;"n'Nnfx ox b'cf clws ;] clws lsof s/t] y] . b]lvP a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n\af/L s] ;fy !!÷!&# _

35 - a]sÞ/f/L tyf a]r}gL sL b'cf ¬ ^ P !I $K m ~ I h .S ^ I !F$ ^ .F 4M R7 I $K 4M RÂŽ I $K h .S ^ I $F ^.F )) ÂŒ122 ¬ ^ P !I $K m ~ I I ž ^ P «Âˆ m ~ I I * R I I !N $ m ~ I h .S ^ I $F ^.F 4^ RÂŽ I $K .((»^ ^ \ F $K !@@= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL+ . jx chÞ\dt\ jfnf tyf a'ba{ f/ x} . cNnfx s] cnfjf sf]O{

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูจูค

Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+ hf] a8]+ cz{ sf /a\ x} . cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+ hf] cf;dfgf]+ sf /a\ cf}/ hร dLg sf /a\ cf}/ cz]{ s/Ld sf /a\ x} . -a'vร f/L &รท!%$ d'l:nd $รท@)(@ _

ย P R8 P )F I ` P(I nF &F P wF Vg K I < F ^ V^ K \R 6I % F &F Md P )F I I I /P I 4N 'M S$F )) ย 123 (( T I P)F .S ^ I $F ^ .F M S@L V^ uK I VR$ !@#= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L /xร \dt\ xL sL cfzf /vtf x"F . O; lnP t" d'em] kns\ emks\g] s] a/fa/ eL d]/] gkm\; -cfTdf_ s] xร jfn] g s/ cf}/ d]/] lnP d]/] tdfd sfd 7Ls s/ b] . t]/] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt\ s] nfosร gxL+ . -ca"bfpmb $รท#@$ cxร db\ %รท$@ z}vร cn\afgL /lxร g] O;] xร ;g\ sxf x}, b]lvP ;xLx ca"bfpmb #รท(%( ._

.ยถ I R $R Sย $ I R T M P@L VJ ^ I I I75P,M T I P)F .S ^ I $F ^ .F ย 124 !@$= t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร gxL+ , t" kfs x} . a]zs d}+ xL hร flndf]+ d]+ ;] x"F . -lqldhร L %รท%@(, cf}/ xflsd g] O;] ;xLx sxf x} cf}/ h+X\aL g] O;sL k'li6 sL x} !@%)%, cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!^* _

. =+P I R ^ ย M ^ P )L .F VJ I h h ย 125 !@%= cNnfx, cNnfx d]/f /a\ x}, d}+ p; s] ;fy ls;L rLhร sf] z/Ls gxL+ s/tf . -ca"bfpmb @รท*& cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf @รท##% _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูจูฅ

36- b'Zdg\ dg\ tyf zf;g\ zf;g\ clwsf/L ;] d'nfsร ft s] ;do sL b'cf .4P 2R ^ M M P R I ^ L M I I 4P 2R ^ M7 M VR& I L I Pย I N ^ 4N 'M S$F ย 126 !@^= P] cNnfx xd t'emL sf] pg s] d'sร flan] d]+ s/t] x}+ cf}/ pg sL z/f/tf]+ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxt] x}+ . -ca"bfpmb @รท*(, xร flsd g] O;] ;xร Lxร sxf x} cf}/ hร xaL g] eL O; k/ ckgL ;xdlt JoQm sL x} @รท!$@ _

GL M8)F I ^ I GL P /M )F I ^ 0>^ R I T I P)F I 0R " M (I T I P)F 4N 'M S$F ย 127 . L 6R FH)L I ^ I !@&= P] cNnfx t" xL d]/] afh+" -;xfos_ x} cf}/ t" xL d]/f dbb\uf/ x} . t]/L xL dbb ;] d}+ b'Zdg sL rfnf]+ sf] /f]stf x"ยก cf}/ t]/L xL tf}kmLs+ ;] d}+ xร dnf s/tf x"F cf}/ t]/L tfs+t s] ;fy xL d}+ b'Zdg ;] n8ร tf x"F . -ca"bfpmb #รท$# lqldhร L %รท%&@ cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!*#_

. L R@ I $K 4I P ^ I h I 5M P /I ย 128 !@*= xdf/] lnP cNnfx xL sfkmL x} cf}/ jx a]xt/Lg sf/;fhร x} . - a'vfร /L %รท!&@ _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٨٦

37- zf;s\ zf;s\ s] cTofrf/ ;] 8/g] jfn] jfn] sL b'cfP+ fP+ V!R$ P @L ^4 ^ R I $K ¬ ^ P I $K m N I I ^q5P N $ * R I I N $ m N I 4N 'M S$F 129 z !I/)F VN (I F M K I# K )F I-eR rR% F aI P R R ^ Iv/P )F I % F &L ^ P R % F &L P R = Id .T I P)F .S ^ I $F ^ .F I I §M I F S dI I I M Id vN (I 9 I K I# P )F 4P 'M P R !@(= P] cNnfx . ;ftf]+ cf;dfgf]+ s] /a\ cf}/ a8] cz{ s] /a\ d]/] lnP kmnfF lag kmnfF ;] cf}/ ckgL dVn"s+ d]+ ;] pgs] hTyf]+ ;] O; aft ;] kgfx b]g] jfnf ag hf ls pg d]+ ;] sf]O{ d]/] pmk/ lh+ofbtL s/] of ;/szL s/] . t]/L kgfx ax't dh+a"t x} cf}/ t]/L tf/Lkm ax't a8+L x} cf}/ t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL+ . - cb\a'n\ d'km\/b lnn a'vf/L g= &)&, z}v cnafgL g] O;] ;xLx sxf x}, ;xÞLxÞ cb\a'n\ d'km\/b\ %$% _

I { M !Ia)F !N R v~ (I )F h F = R dI R eR K aI P R v~ (I )F h F M 5I@K )F h F 130 K )F q^ 5P!N $ * R I I N $ R g P M $K I 2M .S ^ I $F ^ .F 0OR $S g L M()F M OF /P )F R !R( I56P)F I R 1R !M dM I % F &L I R 5P(I J I P R R ^ K 3^ ^ .S ^ ^ P « 9F(I I P eF I# S !Id P42R J !I P R = Id VR$ P @L 4N 'M $F ^ Pµg I J ^ $K I R R (R I P )I . I M P F I $F ^ .F I I- M ,P I I I56I I I M Id vN (I I I §M I F !#)= cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . cNnfx ckgL ;f/L dvÞn"sÞft ;] ;a ;] H++ofbf tfs+t cf}/ uNaf jfnf x} . d}+ lh; rLhÞ ;] 8/tf cf}/ vf}km vftf x"F cNnfx p; ;] sxL+ H+ofbf tfs+tjf/ x} . d}+ p; cNnfx sL kgfx d]+ cftf x"F lh; s]

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٨٧

l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL,hf] ;ftf]+ cf;dfgf]+ sf] hÞdLg k/ lu/g] ;] yfd] x'P x} n]lsg p; sL Ohfht ;] -lu/;st] x}+_, t]/] kmnfF aGb] s] z/\ ;], cf}/ p; s] nZs/f],+ r]nf]+ cf}/ lhGgftf]+ cf}/ OG;fgf]+ d]+ ;] p;s] hTyf]+ sL a'/fO{ ;] -t]/L kgfx d]+ cftf x"¡_ . P] cNnfx t" pg s] z/ ;] d]/] lnP dbbuf/ ag hf . t]/L tf/Lkm ax't a8+L x}, t]/L kgfx ax't dh+a"t x} cf}/ t]/f gfd ax't a/st jfnf x} cf}/ t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL+ . -cb\a'n\ d'km\/b lnn a'vf/L xbl; g= &)*, z}v cnafgL g] O;] ;xLx sxf x}, ;xÞLxÞ'n\ cb\lan\ d'km\/b\ %$^_

38 – b'Zdg\ ' f dg\ s] lnP ab\ abb'\bc 4N 'M S$F m I Iv/P «Âˆ ;^ v^ 2P ^m I 7 R $K qI #^ ,I ^m I \R $K GF v^ P M 4N 'M S$F ÂŒ 131 .4P 'M $Kv^ $K]I I 4P 'M P v^ 2P !#!= P] cNnfx Û P] lstfa ptf/g] jfn], hNbL lxÞ;fa n]g] jfn] Og hdfctf]+ sf] lzs:t b] b], P] cNnfx OGx]+ lzs:t b] cf}/ OGx]+ ;VÞt lem+emf]8Þ b] . -d'l:nd #÷!#^@_ 39–

yksxksa ls Mjs rks ;g nqvk ek¡xs .T I +K R I ^ 4P '^ ^ R @K 4N 'M $F ÂŒ132

!#@= P] cNnfx d'em] Og ;] sfkmL xf] hf lh; t/x t" rfx] . -d'l:nd $÷@#))_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูจูจ

40 - lh;] ckg] O{dfg d]+

zs\ zs\ xf] hfP p;s] lnP b'cf !##= -!_ cNnfx sL kgfx dfFu] . -a'vร f/L kmt\xร 'n\af/L s] ;fy ^รท##^, d'l:nd !@!@)_

-@_ lh; rLhร d]+ zs k}bf xf] /xf x} p; ;] ?s hfP . -a'vร f/L kmt\xร 'n\af/L s] ;fy ^รท##^, d'l:nd !@!@) _

!#$= -#_ ox b'cf k9ร ] M R R,M M I g ^ T M P I B ย 134 d}+ O{dfg nfof cNnfx cf}/ p; s] /;"nf]+ k/ . - d'l:nd !รท!!(+&!@) _

!#%= -$_ cNnfx sf ox km/dfg k9ร ] M tk VP !I ย \L ^ I 2M I M wR I5$K I M 2R Sย $ I M aR ยธ I GL N ยซย N 2M ย 135 4z R(I jxL cJjn\ x} jxL cflvร / x} jxL hflx/ x} jxL afltg\ x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhร sf] hfgg] jfnf x} . - ca"bfpmb $รท#@( z}vร cn\afgL -/lx_ g] O;] xร ;g\ sxf x} ,;xLx ca"bfpmb #รท(^@.

41 - sร h{ sL cbfouL s] lnP b'cf .ย I I ,R P N (I I R" P F ^ V^ ^ย K )F I I R I /I P (I I $R% F7 I ^ V^ R @K 4N 'M S$F ย 136

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูจูฉ

!#^= P] cNnfx d]/] lnP ckgL xร nfn rLhfร ]+ s] ;fy ckgL xร /fd rLhร f]+ ;] sfkmL xf] hf cf}/ d'em] ckg] kmh\ร n j s/d\ s] hร l/of ckg] l;jf ;eL nf]uf]+ ;] a]lgofh+ s/ b] . -lqldhร L %รท%^), b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!*) _

^ !I \F $K I v^ ย P I $K I R vI 7 I $K I 4J 'I $K I R I ^ L M()F VJ ^ 4N 'M S$F ย 137 .G^ Id J $ nR 5IFย F I ^ P# N $ q^ Fp I I ^ 5Pย M $K I ^ _ P 5M$K I !#&= P] cNnfx d}+ k/]zfgL cf}/ uร d\ ;], cร flhhร L tyf ;':tL ;], avร LnL -sGh";L_ tyf a'h+lร bnL ;], sร h{ -C0f_ s] af]em cf}/ nf]uf]+ s] ckg] ร ij x+kfyc vkus ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . -a'vร f/L &รท!%*_

42 โ gdfhร d] d]+ of sร /' cfg k9 k9ร t] ;do

k}bf xf]g] jfn] j:f j:fj;f]+ ;] arg] sL b'cf .4^ ^d N $ R Fย Po N $ I R g ^ L M()F ย 138

!#*= eSa 'kSrku enZwn ls vYykg dh iukg esa vkrk gwยกA ;g i<+ dj ck;ha vksj rhu ckj Fkwd nksA - d'l:nd $รท!&@( O; s] /fjL p:dfg -/lh_ km/dft] x}+ ls d}+ g] P];f xL lsof tf] cNnfx tcfnf g] O;] d'em ;] b"/ s/ lbof_

43 โ p; cfbdL sL b'cf lh; k/ sf]O{ sfd d'lZsn\ Zsn\ \ xf] hfP

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٩٠

F ^ F vP !I7$K L !I P 6I T I P)F I % = 'P ,I M IK I dI I .S ^ F 'P ,I .F 4N 'M S$F 139 .% = 'P ,I T I +K R !#(= P] cNnfx sf]O{ sfd cf;fg gxL+ du/ lh;] t" cf;fg s/ b] cf}/ t" ha rfx] d'lZsn\ sf] cf;fg s/ b]tf x} . -;xÞLxÞ OAg] lxÞAafg xÞbL; g) @$@& -djfl/b_ OAg';&;'GgL g=#%!, gkfQt+ us dgk % ;g gnhl lghg gSA vkSj vCnqy d+kfnj vjukÅr us beke uooh dh fdrkc vy&vt+dkj dh r[kjht esa bl gnhl dks lghg dgk gSA nsf[k, i`"B u-106_

44– u'gfx s/ a} a7} ] tf] tf] sf}Gf

;L bcf 'cf k9 k9Þ] cf} cf/} Sof s/] s/] < V !I M&F ;M !LeI# 4N L I M' $ M g7 P M&F =5P F c M ^OK M# 5P(I P R I 140 . M $F h I F F .S ^ M R P I P I# 4N L ^ P II @K I !$)= ha ls;L aGb] ;] u'gfx xf] hfP tf] jx cR5L t/x\Þ j'h" s/] lkm/ v8+f xf]s/ bf] /s\ct -gk\mnL_ gdfhÞ k9Þ] lkm/ cNnfx ;] av\Þlzz\ sL b'cf dfFu] tf] cNnfx tcfnf P];] aGb] sf] aVÞz b]tf x} . -ca"bfpmb @÷*^ lqldhÞL @÷@%& cf}/ z}v vyckuh us bls lghg dgk gS] lghg vcw nkÅn 1@283_

45-

z}tfg cf}/ p; s] j:f j:fj;] j;] b"/ s/g] s/g] sL b'cf M P R g ^ L F I R,P . 141

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٩١

!$!= -!_ z}tfg ;] cNnfx sL kgfx df+ugf . -ca"bfpmb !÷@)^ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷&& cf}/ b]lvP ;"/f cn&d"ldg"g M (* , (( _

L F « 142 !$@= -@_ chÞfg . -d'l:nd !÷@(! a'vÞf/L !÷!%! _

B e$ t H @ « 143 !$#= -#_ d:fg"g b'cfPF cf}/ s'/cfg sL ltnfjt\ . ¼/;"n'Nnfx km/dft] x}+ ls ckg] 3/f]+ sf] sÞa/:tfg g agfcf], z}tfg p; 3/ ;] efutf x} lh; d]+ ;"/f as\Þ/f k9ÞL hfo] . -d'l:nd !÷%#(_ cf}/ ;'axÞ j zfd tyf ;f]g] hfug] sL b'cfo],+ 3/ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] cf}/ 3/ ;] afx/ lgsn\g] sL b'cfPF, dl:hb d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] cf}/ dl:hb ;] afx/ lgsn\g] sL b'cfPF eL z}tfg sf] euftL x}+ . O;L t/x b";/L d:fg"g b'cfPF h};] ;f]t] ;do cfotn\ s';L{ k9Þgf, ;"/f asÞ\/f sL cflvÞ/L bf] cfot]+ k9Þgf cf}/ hf] cfbdL ;f} af/ k9Þ] M --nf Onfxf OnnNnfx' jxÞ\bx" nf z/Ls nx" nx'n\ d'n\s' j nx'n\ xÞDb' jx'jf cnf s'lNn z}Og\ sÞbL/ __ tf] k"/f lbg z}tfg ;] dxÞkm"hÞ /x]uf . O;L t/x chÞfg eL z}tfg sf] euftL x} .½

46 – gfk;GbLbf jflsÞcf k]z cfg] of a]a;L sL b'cf /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M cNnfx s] oxf¡ tfsÞt\j/ df]ldg\ sDfhÞf]/ df]ldg\ ;] a]xt/ cf}/ dxa"a x} hals bf]gf]+ d]+ enfO{ x}, hf] sfd t'Dx]+ gkmf b] p; s] clenfifL agf] cf}/ cNnfx ;] dbb df+uf], a]a; xf]s/ g a}7f], cu/ t'Dx]+ sf]O{ g's\; Þ fg kx'Fr hfP tf] ox dt\ sxf] ls -- cu/ d}+ O; t/x\ s/tf tf] ox xf] hftf __ alNs o"F sxf] M

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٩٢

F I &F t I I I h I N HF 144 !$$= cNnfx g] -P];f xL_ tsÞbL/ d]+ lnvf yf cf}/ p; g] hf] rfxf lsof . Sof]+ls --cu/__ sf zAb z}tfg sf sfd z'¿ s/ b]tf x} . - d'l:nd $÷@)%@_

47 – gof k}bf xf]g] g] jfn] aRr]

sL d'af/s\ \afb cf}/ p;sf hjfa f/safb ¼F !F I I Ic!R2 I $K * I P \F I I I-$F m ^ M2 P I $K VR& I $F h I I I 145 . M N ^ T I HK ]^ M I M N M )F !$%= cNnfx t'Dx]+ O; aRr] d]+ hf] t'Dx]+ ctf lsof uof x} a/st\ b] . b]g] jfn] cNnfx sf t'd z'qm cbf s/f] . jx ckgL hjfgL sf] kx'+r] cf}/ t'Dx]+ p; sf cR5f ;'n"s g;La xf] .

lh;] d'af/s\afb bL hf /xL xf] jx d'af/s\afb b]g] jfn] s] lnP O; t/x b'cf s/] M M !F?K R h I !FH]I I I = P aI h I IvdI I I- PF(I I I I I I $F h I I I

.I I I F GF vI dP )F I cNnfx t]/] lnP cf}/ t'em k/ a/st\ km/dfo] cf}/ cNnfx t'em] a]xt/Lg abnf b] cf}/ cNnfx p; h};f t'em] eL gjfhÞ] cf}/ t'em] ax't H+ofbf ;jfa b] . -uooh dh vt+~dkj i`"B 349] vkSj lyhe fgykyh dh lghgqy vt+dkj fyu&uooh 2@713_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฉูฃ

48 - aRrf]+ sf] lsg slndft s]

;fy cNnfx sL kgfx d]+ lbof hfP /;"n'Nnfx xร ;g\ cf}/ xร ';}g sf] Og slndft s] ;fy cNnfx sL kgfx d]+ lbof s/t] y] M ย @L P R I nย N I2 I ย Fย P I ย @L P R nR N N $ g * R I R\F ^ I @L OL R()L ย 146 .nย N .F ` P(I !$^= d}+ t'd bf]gf]+ sf] x/ z}tfg cf}/ hร x\/Ln] hfgj/ ;] cf}/ x/ nu\ hfg] jfnL ghร / ;] cNnfx s] d'sDdn\ slndft s] ;fy kgfx b]tf x"F . -a'vร f/L $รท!!( OAg] cAaf; sL xbL;_

49 - aLdf/ k';L{ s] jS+ jS+t d/Lhร s] lnP b'cf h tย I K ^ z M'wF ยฅ I uK I.F ย 147

!$&= sf]O{ xร /h\ gxL+ ox aLdf/L cNnfx g] rfxf tf] -u'gfxf]+ ;]_ kfs s/g] jfnL x} . -a'vร f/L kmTx'naf/L s] ;fy !)รท!!*_

-@_

.I I R o P I# K )F 4^ Rย I $K ยฌ ^ P I $K m N I 4^ Rย I $K ย GL uF,P )F ย 148 !$*= d}+ a8ร L chร \dt\ jfn] cNnfx ;] hf] cz]{ chร Ld sf /a x} ;jfn s/tf x"F ls jx t'em] lzkmf b] . -sf]O{ d';ndfg P];] d/Lhร sL aLdf/ k';L{ s/] lh; sL df}t sf ;do g cf kx'Frf xf] cf}/ ;ft af/

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٩٤ ox b'cf k9Þ] tf] cNnfx s] x'Sd ;] p;] lzkmf ldn hftL x}, lqldhÞL , ca"bfpmb cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL @÷@!) cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\ %÷!*)_

50- aLdf/ k';L{ sL kmhÞLnt n ¨ n& a ½ 9o 4 U a) d $ 1 ( )) G H 149 ! ( 9 !8 @ 3& n $ 6 d 3& ¾ ¿/ |$) 5, ( 9 8 t @ V À ¿/ - |$) 5, (( 5 # ¿/ - !$(= xh/t cnL -/lh+_ km/dft] x}+ ls d}+ g] /;"n'Nnfx

;] ;'gf ls -cfbdL ha ckg] d'l:nd efO{ sL aLdf/ k';L{ s] lnP hftf x} tf] jx a}7g] ts hGgt s] kmnf]+ tyf d]jf]+ d]+ rntf x}, ha jx a}7 hftf x} tf] p;] -cNnfx sL_ /x\Þdt\ 9fFk n]tL x}, cu/ ;'axÞ s] ;do uof xf] tf] zfd ts ;Q/ xhÞf/ kml/Zt] p; s] lnP b'cf s/t] /xt] x}+ cf}/ cu/ zfd s] ;do uof xf] tf] ;Q/ xhÞf/ kml/Zt] ;'axÞ ts b'cf s/t] /xt] x}+ . - lqldhÞL , OAg] dfhf , cxÞdb cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷@$$ cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷@*^ z}vÞ cxdb zfls/ g] eL O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} _

51 - lhÞGbuL ;] dfo"; d/LhÞ sL b'cf . 9F(P « ^ R& N $ ^ V^ eK 7 R $K)F I V^ P /I P I VR$ P R K 4N 'M S$F 150

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฉูฅ

!%)= P] cNnfx d'em] aVร z b], d'em k/ /xร d\ s/ cf}/ d'em]

/kmLsร ] cfnf s] ;fy ldnf b] . -a'vร f/L & รท!) d'l:nd $รท!*(# _ !%!= cfOzf -/lh+_ km/dftL x}+ ls /;"n'Nnfx jkmft s] ;do ckg] bf]gf]+ xfyf]+ sf] kfgL d]+ 8fn s/ ckg] r]x/] k/ km]/g] nu] cf}/ ox b'cf k9+g] nu] M * ย I \F I $F * R P I K $R S ^ h .S ^ I $F ^ .F ย 151 cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+ , a]zs\ df}t sL sO{ ;v\ร ltofF x}+ . -a'vร f/L kmt\xร 'n af/L s] ;fy *รท!$$, O; xbL; d]+ ld;jfs sf eL pNn]v x}_

h .S ^ I $F ^ .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F P 5I@K )F h I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F ย 152 h .S ^ I $F ^ .F M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F h .S ^ I $F ^ .F M $F I #^ I .F M I /P I . g g ^ .S ^ ย F N HL .F I GF P /I .F I !%@= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+ cf}/ cNnfx ;a ;] a8ร f x} . cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+, jx cs]nf x} , cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+, jx cs]nf x}, p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ , cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+, p;L s] lnP d'Ns x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm x} . cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ aGbuL s] nfosร \ gxL+ cf}/ g arg] sL tfsร t\ x} cf}/ g s'5 s/g] sL du/ cNnfx sL dbb\ ;] . -lqldhร L , OAg] dfhf, z}vร cn\afgL -/lx_ g] O;] ;xร Lxร sxf x} b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!%@ cf}/ ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf @รท#!& _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٩٦

52 - hf] hf] cfbdL d/g] s] sÞ/La

xf] p;] ox slndf k9 k9Þfof hfP (( h .S ^ I $F ^ .F )) – 153

!%#= lh; sf clvÞ/L snfd -- nfOnfxf ONnNnfx __ xf]uf jx hGgt d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]uf . - ca"bfpmb #÷!() cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\ %÷#$@ _

53- lh;] sf]O{ d' ';Lat\ kx'Fr] d;Lat\ ;Lat jx lgDglnlvt b'bcf 'cf k9 k9Þ] VR$ | P RaP )F I VR 5I R M VR& V^ P dM )K 4N 'M S$F F M d^ I R P$F ^ N ^ I R S$R N ^ ÂŒ154 . I' P R =>a !%$= a]zs\ xd cNnfx xL sL ldnlsot x}+ cf}/ xd p;L sL t/km nf}6 s/ hfg] jfn] x}+ . P] cNnfx d'em] d]/L d';Lat\ d]+ ;jfa b] cf}/ d'em] O; s] abn] d]+ O; ;] a]xt/ rLhÞ ctf s/ . - d'l:nd @÷^#@ _

54 - dl} ot sL cfFv]+ aGb s/t] jS+ jS+t sL b'cf VR& R 5^eR (I VR& M K LaP I ¶ I J# R 'P I $K VR& M I dI I 1I qP &F P I Â… % F L $R P R ‚K 4N 'M S$F ÂŒ155 . R R& M $F P J I I R ^ 5PHF VR& M $F –P I &K I ¶ I R $F I $K m N I I# M $F I I $F P R ‚K I I #^ ^ I $K

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٩٧

!%%= P] cNnfx kmnfF sf] -gfd n]s/ sx]_ aVÞz b] cf}/ lxbfot\ kfg] jfnf]+ d]+ O; sf bhf{ -kb_ a'nGb s/ cf}/ O; s] afb O; s] kL5] /xg] jfnf]+ d]+ t" O; sf hfgzLg -k|ltlglw_ ag hf . cf}/ P] /Aa'n\ cfndLg xd]+ cf}/ O;] aVÞz b] cf}/ O; s] lnP O; sL sÞa| sf] s'zfbf s/ b] cf}/ O; s] lnP p; d]+ /f}zgL s/ b] . - d'l:nd @÷^#$ _

55 – gdfhÞ] hgfhÞf sL b'cf M !F$vM M ;P ^ @K )F I M P(I | M (P I R &R I( I M P /I P I M F$ P R K 4N 'M S$F 156 I @F I# F _ I $K I R R e I I 1R I 5I$K I ^ K ?S$ I tg I $K ^ M K g K I M FaI P M qP ,J I I % = !P2)F I R ^ I1 P R = P aI = I1 M $K R P)F I ^ I N $ I R I I P« m I P ?S$ T I PeS I P !R M OK (R )F I nF N I $K M K aR 1P )F I R d^ P ]I P R = P aI =dP ]I I R R2P )F P R = P aI [ ^ N $ m I FO(I ] ^ 5PeF $K m ^ FO(I !%^= P] cNnfx O;sf] aVz b], cf}/ O; k/ /xÞd\ km/df, cf}/ O;sf] cflkmot\ b], cf}/ O; sf] dfkm s/ b] , cf}/ O; sL cR5L d]xdfg gjfh+L s/, cf}/ O; sL sÞa| sf] s'zfbf s/ b] , cf}/ O; s] u'gfx sf] kfgL, akm{ cf}/ cf]n] ;] w'n\ b] . cf}/ O; sf] u'gfxf]+ ;] O; t/x ;fkm s/ b] h};] t" g] ;km]b sk\8Þ] sf] d}n ;] ;fkm s/ lbof x} . cf}/ O;] abn] d]+ O; s] 3/ ;] cR5f 3/ b], cf}/ O; s] 3/ jfnf]+ ;] cR5] 3/ jfn] b] cf}/ O; s] hf]8Þ] ;] cR5f hf]8Þf b] . cf}/ O; sf] hGgt\ d]+ bflvÞn\ km/df . cf}/ O;sf] sÞa| cf}/ hxGgd\ s] chÞfa ;] arf n] . -d'l:nd @ ÷^^# _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูฉูจ

I >^ R !I8 I !I 5^rR Fย I I R 2R !I I I R J I I I J7 I $R P R ย K 4N 'M S$F ย 157 ;^ % F !P,ยตg 9F(I R ^/P uF&F N R M I P I/P )F P I 4N 'M S$F . I F? P)L I I ^ @F F I I >^ 5^@F I I S!R"6M .F I M I dP )F I P ^ 7 P 6I .F 4N 'M S$F R Iร ยตg 9F(I M &S I I&F N R M I P&S I 6I P I I . M I P I !%&= P] cNnfx xdf/] lhGbf]+ cf}/ d'bf],{+] xdf/] xflh/ cf}/ ufoa, xdf/] 5f]6f]+ cf}/ a8ร f]+ cf}/ xdf/] dbf]{+ cf}/ cf}/tf]+ sf] aVร z b] . P] cNnfx xd d] ;] lh;sf] t" lh+Gbf /v] p;sf] O:nfd k/ lh+Gbf /v\ cf}/ xd d]+ ;] lh;sf] t" df}t b] p;sf] O{dfg k/ df}t b] . P] cNnfx O;s] ab\n] -chz_ ;] xd sf] dx\ยฟd g /v\ cf}/ O; s] afb xd sf] u'Df/fx g s/ . -OAg] dfhf !@$*), cxdb @@#^*, b]lvP ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf !รท@%!_ P R R eR &F ย I ^ I d^ ^ 5P/ I I R N R VR& ย F%&L I P F % F &L S ^ 4N 'M S$F ย 158 M P /I P I M $F P R ย K F& . ย J 7 I $K I tg &F I $K L 2P )F T I P)F I ^ N $ m ^ FO(I I ^ 5PeF K$ nR I P&R .4M R/ N $ M L I $K T I P)F I N ^ !%*= P] cNnfx kmnfF lag\ kmnfF t]/] lhร Dd] cf}/ t]/L kgfx d]+ x} . O; lnP t" O;] sร a| sL cfhร dfOz\ cf}/ hxGgd s] ch+ร fa ;] arf . t" jkmf cf}/ xsร \ jfnf x} . O; lnP O;] aVร z b] cf}/ O; k/ /xd s/ . a]zs t" xL aVร zg] jfnf ax't Hofbf d]xร /afg x} . -OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf !รท@%! cf}/ ca"bfpmb #รท@!!_

P (I Vยก ^ย F T I P)F I I R I /P I 9F$ ^ } I I /P I- R I )F M P I ย I M 5P(I 4N 'M S$F ย 159 . M P(I ]P I Iย I&F =+ g M F F@ K ^ I R 6R I I I/ VR& 1P v^ &F ร g7 P M F F@ K ^ R ^ FO(I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ŮŠŮŠ

!%(= P] cNnfx ox t]/f aGbf cf}/ t]/L af+bL sf a]6f t]/L /xĂž\dt\ sf d'x\tĂž fh xf] uof x} cf}/ t" O; sf] chĂžfa b]g] ;] a]lgofh+ x} . cu/ ox g]sL s/g] jfnf yf tf] O; sL g]lsof]+ d]+ Oh+fkmf s/ cf}/ cu/ a'/fO{ s/g] jfnf yf tf] O; ;] b/\u'hĂž/ -dfkm_ km/df . -xĂžflsd g] O;] l/jfot\ lsof cf}/ ;xĂžLxĂž sxf x} cf}/ Odfd hĂžxaL g] eL O; k/ ;xdlt JoQm sL x} !á#%( cf}/ b]lvP z}vĂž cn\afgL -/lx_ sL lstfa cxĂž\sfd'n\ hgfOhĂž\ k[i7 !@% _

56ÂŒ aRr] k/ gdfh+ gdfh+] hgfhĂžf s] bf}/fg sL b'cfP+ fP+ (( ^ 5PeF $K m ^ FO(I P R M OK (R )F 4N 'M $F )) ÂŒ160

160- ,s vYykg bls d+cz ds vt+kc ls cPkkA ÂźlbZn fcu eqlSbc dgrs gSa fd eSa us vcw gqjSjk ds ihNs ,d ,sls cPps dh uekt+ tukt+k i<+h ftl us dHkh dksbZ iki ugha fd;k Fkk] eSa us mUgsa bu 'kCnksa esa nqvk djrs gq;s lqukA--- eqoRrk 1@288] eqlUuQ bCus vch 'kSck 2@217] cSgd+h 4@9] vkSj bldh lun dks 'kqvSc vjukĂ…r us 'kjgql&lqUuk fyy&cx+oh dh rgd+hd+ esa lghg dgk gS 5@257½

;g nqvk i<+uk Hkh csgrj gS%

R !^ K !Â?e F 4N 'M $F . = I„ M = R I I R P# I $R I $R = Pa L I =wI &F M K I dP 4N 'M $F VR& M K I dP I Âś I ^ R ¢P M $K –^ $R I ^ M eK 7 R $K)F I I 2M I Md)L R ^ 4P ÂŽR (P )F I I 'M I#^] I I P !R = P aI = I1 M $K R P)F I ^4 R7„ I $K m I FO(I I R I /P I ^ R HR I I4 R2 I P ^ nR $F F @F I eF 5I,I P I I I wR I &K )F I I &R% F ,P ÂŤÂˆ P R ‚K 4N 'M $F R R2P )F P R = P aI % = 2P )F I R ^ I1 . R IÀ¾g ^

lx:g'n d'l:nd

Ù¡Ù Ù

!^)= P] cNnfx O;] O; s] dfF afk s] lnP kxn] hfs/ d]xdfg gjfh+L sL t}of/L s/g] jfnf cf}/ hÞvÞL/f agf b] cf}/ P];f l;kmfl/zL agf lh; sL l;kmfl/z\ sÞa"n xf] . P] cNnfx O; s] ;fy O; s] dfF afk bf]gf]+ s] t/fhÞ" sf] ef/L s/ b] cf}/ O; s] hl/]o] ] ;] pg bf]gf]+ s] ;jfa sf] a9Þf b] cf}/ O;] g]s df]ldgf]+ s] ;fy ldnf b] cf}/ O;] Oa|fxLd sL skmfnt\ d]+ s/ b] cf}/ ckgL /xÞ\dt\ ;] O;] hxGgd s] chÞfa ;] arf . ,s vYykg bl dks cnys esa bl ds ?kj ls vPNk ?kj vkSj bl ds ?kj okyksa ls vPNk ?kj okys nsA ,s vYykg gekjs vlYkkQ vkSj gekjs igys tkdj esgeku uokt+h dh rS;kjh djus okyksa vkSj ge ls igys xqt+js gq,s bZeku okyksa dks ekQ dj nsA -b]lvP M OAg] s'+bfdf sL d'ugL #@$!^, z}vÞ lag\ afhÞ -/lx_ sL lstfa -- cb\b'¿;'n\ d'lxDdf lncfDdltn\ pDdf __ k[i7 !%_

. = Pd)F I = F,I I =wI &F I $F M K I dP 4N M' $F ÂŒ161 !^!= P] cNnfx O;] xdf/] lnP kxn] ;] hfs/ d]xdfg gjfh+L s] lnP t}of/L s/g] jfnf cf}/ k]z/j\ cf}/ ;jfa sf hl/of agf b] . - xÞ;g\ a;/L tfaO{ -/lx_ aRr] s] hgfh+f k/ ;"/f kmfltxf cf}/ ox b'cf k9+t] y] . auÞjL sL lstfa z/x':;'Ggf %÷#%&, d';Ggkm cAb'/{H+h+fs+ xbL; g=^%**, a'vf/L g] O;] lstfa'n hgfO{h+ d]+ d'cNns+ lh+s| lsof x}, ^% hgfh+f k/ kmfltxf k9+g] sf afa @@!!# _

57 – tflhÞot\t\ sL b'cf -d}lot s] s] 3/ jfnf] jfnf]+ sf] sf] ls; ls; t/x t; t;NnL b]b_]+

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٠١

9 N I M ` dI uF ^ M I P(R tk VP I @L I 9 F (P )F I M $F I OF aI )F I R S$R S 162 P g I7 P I$K I P 5^ P I &F .... .c !^@= cNnfx xL sf x} hf] p; g] n] lnof cf}/ p;L sf x} hf] p; g] ctf lsof cf}/ p; s] kf; x/ rLhÞ s] lnP Ps d's+/{/ jSt x} . O; lnP cfk ;a| ;] sfd n]+ cf}/ ;jfa sL gLot\ /v]+ . - a'vÞf/L @÷*) d'l:nd @÷^#^ _ cf}/ cu/ O; k|sf/ sx] tf] cR5f x} M I R J I $R I F F I I t Iv(I I I /P )F I I dP )F h 4I F (P )F cNnfx tcfnf cfk sf] ax't H+ofbf ;jfa b] cf}/ cfk nf]uf]+ sf] cR5L t/x t;NnL b], cf}/ cfk s] d/g] jfn]\ sf] aVÞz b] . - Odfd gjjL sL lstfa cn\chÞ\sf/ k[i7 M !@^ _

58 – dl} ot sf] sÞa| d]+

bflvÞn\ s/t] ;do sL b'cf . g G^ M, I nR N,M 9F(I I g 4^ P ^ 163

!^#= cNnfx s] gfd ;] cf}/ /;"n'Nnfx sL ;'Ggt s] d'tflasÞ t'Dx]+ sÞa| d]+ bflvÞn s/ /xf x"F . -ca"bfpmb #÷#!$ ;gb\ ;xÞLxÞ x} . d':fgb\ cxÞ\db\ s] zAb ox x}+ M g G^ P ,M I nR S R 9F(I I g 4^ P ^ cf}/ O; sL ;gb\ eL ;xÞLxÞ x}_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٠٢

59 - d}lot sf] bkmg\ bkmg\ s/g] s] afb sL b'cf . M P5J F 4N 'M S$F M $F P R K 4N 'M S$F 164 !^$= P] cNnfx O;] dfkm s/ b], P] cNnfx O;] ;flat sÞbd /v . -/;"n'Nnfx ha d'b]{ sf] bkmg s/g] ;] kmfl/uÞ xf]t] tf] p; s] kf; 7x/ s/ km/dft]M -ckg] efO{ s] lnP cNnfx ;] avÞ\lzz\ dfFuf]+ cf}/ O; s] lnP ;flat\ sÞbd\ /xg] sL b'cf s/f] Sof]+ls ca O; ;] ;jfn lsof hfo]uf . ca"bfpmb #÷#!% cf}/ Odfd xÞflsd g] O;] l/jfot s/s] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} cf}/ Odfd hÞxaL g] O; k/ ;xdlt JoQm sL x} !÷#&)_

60 – sÞaf]|f+] sL lhÞof/t\ f/t\ sL b'cf K ^ !N ^ I ¶ I R R P M $K I ¶ I ^ R ¢P M $K I R ^ I# J $ F 2P )F 4P \L PF(I ;M %N $F 165 [ I #^ aR uK I!P M $K I N R ¶ I R R eK I P M $K h 4M /I P I# I ] F Le/R .F 4P \L ^ h t I . nL I&R I $K 4M \L $F I I $F h GL uF,P )F !^%= P] O; 3/ jfn] -sÞa| tyf ahÞ{vÞL 3/ jfn]_ df]ldgf] cf}/ d';ndfgf] Û t'd k/ ;nfd xf] cf}/ xd eL cu/ cNnfx g] rfxf tf] t'd ;] ldng] jfn] x}+ . [ cf}/ xd d]+ ;] kxn] hfg] jfnf]+ k/ cf}/ afb d]+ hfg] jfnf]+ k/ cNnfx /x\d km/dfP .] d}+ ckg] lnP cf}/ t'Dxf/] lnP cNnfx ;] cÞflkmot\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"+ . -d'l:nd @÷^&!, OAg] dfhf !@$($, cf}/ zAb pGxL+ s] x}+ cf}/ a'/}bf /fjL x}+, bf]gf]+ a/]ls6f]+ s] aLr d'l:nd d]+ cfOzf /lh+oNnfx' cGxf sL xbL; s] zAb x}+ @@^&! _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٠٣

61-

cf¡ wL sL b'cfP cf¡wL fP ¡

. I2 J I P R I ^ L M()F I I2 I PaI I $LuF,P )F VJ ^ 4N 'M S$F 166 !^^= P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] O; sL enfO{ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ O; sL a'/fO{ ;] t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F . -ca"bfpmb $÷#@^ OAg] dfhf @÷!@@* cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷#)%_

T P F!R, P )L I I PaI I I' R& I I PaI I I2 I PaI I $LuF,P )F VJ ^ 4N 'M S$F 167 . R ^ T P F,R P )L I J I I I' R& I J I I I2 J I P R I ^ L M()F I R ^ !^&= P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] ;jfn s/tf x"F O; sL enfO{ sf cf}/ p; rLhÞ sL enfO{ sf hf] O; d]+ x} cf}/ p; rLhÞ sL enfO{ sf lh; s] ;fy ox e]hL uO{ x} cf}/ d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F O; sL a'/fO{ ;] cf}/ p; rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] O; d]+ x} cf}/ p; rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ ;] lh; s] ;fy ox e]hL uO{ x} . -d'l:nd @÷^!^ a'vÞf/L $÷&^_ 62-

afbn u/ ' cf u/ht] ht] ;do k9 k9ÞL hfg] hfg] jfnL b'bcf

cAb'Nnfx lag\ h+Þ'a}/ - _ ha afbn sL u/h\ ;'gt] tf] aft]+ 5f]8Þ b]t] cf}/ ox b'cf k9Þt] M R R F Ra P R nL \F rR% F I $K I R R P 7 I ^ M (P N $ M 5J I M# 0RO$S F I75P,M 168 !^*= kfs x} jx hÞft afbn\ sL u/h lh; sL t:aLxÞ

aofg s/tL x} p; sL tf/Lkm s] ;fy cf}/ kml/Zt] eL p; s] 8/ ;] p; sL t:aLxÞ k9Þt] x}+ . -df]jQf @÷((@ z}vÞ cn\afgL -/lx_ km/dft] x}+ ls ;xÞfaL ;] O; b'cf sL ;gb\ ;xÞLxÞ x}_

lx:g'n d'l:nd 63-

Ù¡Ù Ù¤

afl/z\ ' b'bcfPF 'cfPF afl/z\ dfFug]g] sL s' s5

% = d^ !I(  Ip I P‚F = R& I = #^ I =+#^ I =? R M =?P ‚F I eR ,P )F 4N 'M S$F Œ169 . ` d^ B I P‚F !^(= P] cNnfx xd]+ P];L afl/z\ ctf s/ hf] dbb\ uf/,

vÞ'z\ujf/ , ;/;AhÞ s/g] jfnL cf}/ kmfobf kx'Frfg] jfnL xf], g's\; Þ fg b]g] jfnL g xf], hNbL cfg] jfnL xf] g ls b]/ ;] cfg] jfnL . -ca"bfpmb !÷#)#, z}v cnafgL g] ;xLx ca" bfpmb d]+ O; sL ;gb sf] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} !@@!^_

. I ?K‚R )F 4N 'M S$ I ?K‚R )F 4N 'M S$ I ?K‚R )F 4N 'M S$ ÂŒ170 !&)= P] cNnfx xd]+ afl/z\ b] . P] cNnfx xd]+ afl/z\ b] . P] cNnfx xd]+ afl/z\ b] . - a'vÞf/L !÷@@$ d'l:nd @÷^!# _ ‘I I F I V ^/P )I I I I /P I P o M P I I I rR 'I I I ‘I 1I I5(R ƒ^ ,P 4N 'M S$ ÂŒ171 .T I J I $K !&!= P] cNnfx ckg] aGbf]+ cf}/ ckg] rf}kfof]+ sf] kfgL lknf

cf}/ ckgL /xÞdt\ sf] km}nf b] cf}/ ckg] d'bf{ zx/ sf] lhÞGbf s/ b] . -ca"bfpmb !÷#)% cf}/ z}v cnafgL g] ;xLx ca"bfpmb d]+ O;] x;g sxf x} !@@!*_

64-

afl/z\ afl/z\ pt/t] ;do sL b'cf = R& I =5J 8 I 4N 'M S$ F Œ172

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٠٥

!&@= P] cNnfx O;] gkmf b]g] jfnL afl/z\ agf b] . -a'vÞf/L kmtxÞ'n\ af/L s] ;fy @÷%!*_

65-

afl/z\ afl/z\ pt/g]] s] afb sL b'cf . R R I / P I I g ^ " P F ^ I P R M 173

!&#= xd k/ cNnfx s] kmh\Þn cf}/ p; sL /xÞdt\ ;] afl/z\ x'O{ . - a'vÞf/L !÷@)% d'l;nd !÷*#_ 66-

afl/z\ afl/z\ ?sjfg] s] lnP b'cf

R L M I m ^ I $ ;^ F@¸ 9F(I 4N 'M S$ F . I PF(I .F I I P$F I /I 4N 'M S$ F 174 ^ Io N $ T R ^ I I I nR I#1R P « !&$= P] cNnfx xdf/] cf; kf; afl/z\ a/;f cf}/ -ca_ xd

k/ g a/;f . P] cNnfx 6Lnf]+ cf}/ kxfl8Þof]+ k/ cf}/ jflbof]+ s] aLr cf}/ k]8Þf]+ s] pug] sL huxf]+ k/ afl/z\ a/;f . - a'vÞf/L !÷@@$ d'l:nd @÷^!$_

67-

gof rfFb b]vg] sL b'cf

nR I %!N $ I R !IÀµg I ^ P « !^ I PF(I M S2R )F 4N 'M S$ F M 5I@K )F h 175 h I ~ I I I ~ I 9Ip P 6I I I N I c ~ 7 R 6M I $R ^ R& P N$ I ;^ % F ,P µg I . !&%= cNnfx ;a ;] a8Þf x} . P] cNnfx t" O;] xd k/ t'n"

s/ cd\g , O{dfg , ;nfdtL cf}/ O:nfd s] ;fy cf}/ p;

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٠٦

rLhÞ sL tf}kmLsÞ s] ;fy lh; sf] t" k;Gb s/tf x} P] xdf/] /a cf}/ lh; ;] t" v'z xf]tf x} . -P] rfFb_ xdf/f /a\ cf}/ t]/f /a\ cNnfx x} . -lqldhÞL %÷%)$ bf/dL !÷##^ zAb bf/dL s] x}+ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%& _

68-

/f]hÞf vf]nt] ;do sL b'cfo] fo]+

h t I K ^ M dP « T I 5I F I b M M M $K T R SI P I uL I S $ c I 2I F 176 !&^= Kof; rnL uO{ cf}/ /u]+ t/ xf] uO{+ cf}/ cu/ cNnfx g] rfxf tf] ch\/ -;jfa_ ;flat\ xf] uof . - ca"bfpmb @÷#)^ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\ $÷@)( _

VR$ I R P 6I K )F Ã P I S @L T P I ,R I VR $S I RI /P I ^ I $LuF,P )F VJ ^ 4N 'M $ 177 !&&= P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] t]/L p; /xÞdt s] hl/o] ;] lh; g] x/ rLhÞ sf] 3]/ /vf x} ox ;jfn s/tf x"F ls t" d'em] aVÞz b] . -OAg] dfhf !÷%%&, ox b'cf cAb'Nnfx lag cd\/ lag\ cÞf; - _ /f]hfÞ vf]nt] ;do k9f s/Þt] y], xÞflkmhÞ g] cn\chÞ\sf/ sL tvÞ/Lh d]+ O;] xÞ;g\ sxf x} . b]lvP chÞsf/ sL z/xÞ $÷#$@ _

69-

vfgf vfg] ;] kxn] sL b'cf

-!_ /;"n'Nnfx km/dft] x}+ ls ha t'd d]+ ;] sf]O{ vfgf vfg] nu] tf] k9Þ] M (( g 4^ P ^)) 178

!&*= cNnfx s] gfd ;] vfgf z'/m s/tf x"F .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٠٧

cf}/ cu/ z'¿ d]+ sxgf e"n hfP tf] sx] M (( R ^ a R BI R $R N )F VR& g 4^ P ^))

cNnfx s] gfd ;] -vfgf z'/m s/tf x"_F O; s] z'¿ d]+ cf}/ O; s] cflvÞ/ d]+ . -ca"bfpmb #÷#$& lqldhÞL $÷@** cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL @÷!^& _

-@_ lh;] cNnfx tcfnf vfgf lvnfP jx ox b'cf k9Þ] M . M P R = P aI I P R wK )F I R R& I $F P ^ I 4N 'M S$ F 179 !&(= P] cNnfx xdf/] lnP O; d]+ a/st\ b] cf}/ xd]+ O; ;] a]xt/ lvnf . cf}/ lh;] cNnfx tcfnf b"w lknfP jx ox b'cf k9Þ] M " M P R I 1P ]^ I R R& I $F P ^ I 4N 'M S$ F" P] cNnfx xdf/] lnP O; d]+ a/st\ ctf s/ cf}/ xd]+ O; ;] eL H+ofbf b] . - lqldhÞL %÷%)^ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%* _ 70-

vfg] ;] kmfl/uÞ xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf

.F I VJ R G` P /I ^ P F P R R ^ HF]I I I FO2I V^ I I wK )F 0RO$S J $R M P 7 I $K 180 . N HL !*)= tdfd tf/Lkm]+ p; cNnfx s] lnP x}+ lh; g] d'em] ox

vfgf lvnfof cf}/ d]/L ls;L eL tfsÞt\ s] lagf d'em] ox vfgf lbof . -ca"bfpmb , lqldhÞL, OAg]dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%(_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٠٨

[ .F I VÂ !R \K I ] I !P F R R& =@I I5 M =5J wF =>R?@F = P /I g M P 7 I $K 181 I N I M P(I 9Á P I P M .F I Ä ` 1N I M !*!= tdfd tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x}, ax't H+ofbf, kfsLhÞf tf/Lkm lh; d]+ a/st\ sL uO{ x} , lh;] g sfkmL ;demf uof x}, g ljbf lsof uof x} cf}/ g p; ;] a]lgofh+ x'cf hf ;stf x} P] xdf/] /a\ . - a'vÞf/L ^÷@!$ lqldhÞL %÷%)&, zAb lqldh+L s] x}_+

71- d]xdfg sL d]hÞafg s] lnP b'cf .4P 'M P /I P I 4P 'M $F P R K I 4P 'M IHK ]I I I R& 4P 'M $F P ^ I 4N 'M $ 182 !*@= P] cNnfx t" g] OGx]+ hf] s'5 lbof x} p; d]+ Og s] lnP a/st\ km/df cf}/ OGx]+ aVÞz b] cf}/ Og k/ /xd km/df . -d'l:nd #÷!^!%_

hf] ' lknfP of hf] cfbdL s' s5 lknfgf rfx] p; s] lnP b'cf

72-

V^ Fe,I P I ^ ,P I V^ I I wK )F I 4P R wK )F 4N M'S$ F 183 !#*= P] cNnfx lh; g] d'em] lvnfof t" p;] lvnf cf}/ lh; g] d'em] lknfof t" p; sf] lknf . - d'l:nd #÷!@^ _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

Ù¡Ù Ù©

73- ls;L s] oxfF /f]hÞf Okm\ \tf/L s/g] Okmtf/L s/g] sL b'cf T P S!I8 M I P«Âˆ 4M \L I I wF F @F )F I F M rR N $ 4M @L I P(R I €F &K )F ÂŒ184 .nL \F rR% F I $K 4M \L PF(I !*$= t'Dxf/] oxf¡ /f]hÞ]bf/ Okmtf/ s/t] /x]+ cf}/ t'Dxf/f vfgf g]s nf]u vft] /x]+ cf}/ kml/Zt] t'Dxf/] lnP b'cfo]+ s/t] /x]+ . -ca"bfpmb #÷#^&, OAg] dfhf !@%%^, g;fO{ cdn'n&of}ld jn&n}nf g=@(^&@(*, cf}/ pGxf]+ g] aofg lsof x} ls gaL ha ls;L s] 3/ Okmtf/ s/t] y] ox b'cf k9+t] y] . cf}/ z}vÞ cn\afgL -/lx_ g] ;xLx ca" bfpmb d]+ O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} @@&#)_

b'cf ha vfgf xflh xflh++/ xf] cf}/ /f]hÞfbf/ /f]hÞf g vf]n] 74-

!@ & = r 8 @ 3& c„ & 4@ /) V(1 ÂŒ185 . 4 € & = € !*%= /;"n'Nnfx km/dft] x}+ ls ha t'd d]+ ;] ls;L sf] -vfg] sL_ bfjt bL hfP tf] p;] sÞa"n s/gL rflxP, cu/ jx /f]hÞfbf/ xf] tf] p;] -bfjt b]g] jfn] s] lnP_ b'cf s/gL rflxP cf}/ cu/ /f]hÞ] ;] g xf] tf] p;] vfgf rflxP . - d'l:nd @÷!)%$_

/f]h+Þfbf/ sf] ha sf]O{ ufnL b] tf] jx Sof sx] < 75-

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١١٠

4z rR I8 VJ ^ z4rR I8 VJ ^ 186 !*^= d}+ /f]hÞ] ;] x"F , d}+ /f]hÞ] ;] x"F . -a'vf/L kmt\xÞ'n\ af/L s] ;fy $÷!)# d'l:nd @÷*)^ _

76-

kxnf kmn b]vg] s] ;do sL b'cf

VR& I $F P ^ I I R I#R I VR& I $F P ^ I I ^ I F VR& I $F P ^ I 4N 'M S$ F 187 . I J M VR& I $F P ^ I I (R I8 !*&= P] cNnfx xdf/] lnP xdf/] kmn\ d]+ a/st\ b] cf}/

xdf/] lnP xdf/] zx/ d]+ a/st\ b] cf}/ xdf/] lnP xdf/] ;fcÞ d]+ a/st\ b] cf}/ xdf/] lnP xdf/] d'b\ d]+ -cyf{t gfk, tf}n s] k}dfgf]+ d]+ _ a/st\ b] . - d'l:nd @÷!)))_

77- 5Ls + sL b'bcf ' cf P )F M P !Ma)F M $F K eL I$F I R S$R M P 7 I $KF K eL IK &F 4P @L M /I )F I F (I F ^ )) 188 4M \L P# R 'P I# : K eL IK &F h I M /I P I# : M $F GF FH F 3^&F h I M /I P I# : M 5M/R I8 (( 4P \ L $F I M R P M# I h !**= /;"n g] km/dfof M ha t'd d]+ ;] ls;L sf] 5L+s cfP tf] p;] sxgf rflxP M R S$R M P 7 I $K F x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm cNnfx xL s] lnP x} .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูกูก

cf}/ p; s] bf]:t of efO{ sf] sxgf rflxP M

h I M /I P I# cNnfx t'em k/ /xร d\ s/] . cf}/ ha p; sf efO{ p;] h I !M /I P I# sx] tf] jx p;] ox sx] M 4P \L $F I ย M R P M# I h 4M \L P# R 'P I# cNnfx t'Dx]+ lxbfot\ b] cf}/ t'Dxf/f xร fn b'?:t s/] . - a'vร f/L &รท!@%_

78-

ha sflkm/ sflkm/ 5Lst] +st st] ;do cn\ cnxร \xdร b'\bl' nNnfx sx] tf] p; s] lnP Sof sxf hfP 4P \L $F I ย M R P M# I h 4M \L #R 'P I# ย 189

!*(= cNnfx t'd sf] lxbfot\ b] cf}/ t'Dxf/L xร fnt\ ;+jf/ b] . - lqldhร L %รท*@, cxdb $@$)), ca" bfpmb $@#)* cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L @รท#%$_

79- zfbL

s/g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf

. ` PaI VR& I \L I P I qI I dI I I PF(I ย I I I I $F h ย I I I ย 190 !()= cNnfx t]/] lnP a/st\ s/] cf}/ t'em k/ a/st\ s/] cf}/ t'd bf]gf]+ sf] enfO{ k/ Osยถf s/] .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูกูข -ca"bfpmb, lqldhร L, OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L !รท#!^ _

zfbL s/g] cf}/ ;jf/L] vร /Lbg] jfn] sL] b'cf

80-

!(!= /;"n'Nnfx km/dft] x}+ ls ha t'd d]+ ;] sf]O{ cfbdL ls;L cf}/t ;] zfbL s/] of nf}+8L vร /Lb] tf] ox sx]M P R I ^ L M()F I R PF(I I' IK 5IdI I I PIa I I2 I PaI I $LuF,P )F VJ ^ 4N 'M $ ย 191 . R PF(I I' IK 5Id I I J I I I2 J I P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] O; sL enfO{ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ p; rLhร sL enfO{ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F lh; k/ t" g] O;] k}bf lsof x} cf}/ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F O; s] z/ ;] cf}/ p; rLhร s] z/ ;] lh; k/ t" g] O;] k}bf lsof x} . cf}/ ha sf]O{ pmF6 -of hfgj/_ vร /Lb] tf] p; sL sf}xfg sL rf]6L ks8ร \ s/ oxL b'cf k9ร ] . -ca"bfpmb @รท@$* OAg] dfhf !รท^!& cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf !รท#@$ _

81-

aLjL s] kf; cfg] ;] kxn] sL b'cf

. I IHK ]I I I F Fย Po N $ c ^ JdI I F Fย Po N $ I 5P JdI 4N 'M S$ F . g 4^ P ^ ย 192

!(@= cNnfx s] gfd ;] . P] cNnfx xd]+ z}tfg ;] arf cf}/ hf] -cf}nfb_ xd]+ ctf s/] p;] eL z}tfg ;] arf . -a'vร f/L ^รท!$! d'l:nd @รท!)@*_

lx:g'n d'l:nd 82-

١١٣

uÞ':;f cf hfg] s] jS+ jS+t sL b'cf 4^ ^d N $ R F€ Po N $ I R g ^ L M()F Œ193

!(#= d}+ z}tfg d/b"b ;] cNnfx sL kgfx dfFutf x"F . -a'vÞf/L &÷(( d'l:nd $÷@)!% _

83 – d;Lat\ ';Lat\ d]+ d'Atnf Atnf ;Lat cfbdL sf] b]vg] s] jS+ jS+t sL b'cf P N R >` ?R@F 9F(I V^ F" N &F I R ^ ‘I % F I P N R V^ F& I( 0RO$S g M P 7 I $K ÂŒ194 % = R" K 6I ƒI FaI !($= tdfd tf/Lkm p; cNnfx s] lnP x} lh; g] d'em] p; rLhÞ ;] cflkmot\ bL lh; d]+ t'em] d'Atnf lsof x} cf}/ p; g] d'em] ckg] k}bf lsP x'P ax't ;] nf]uf]+ k/ kmhÞLnt\ aVÞzL . - lqldhÞL %÷$($, %@$(# cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%# _ 84-

dHf dHfln;\ n;\ d]+ k9Þg] sL b'bcf ' cf

cAb'Nnfx lag pd/ -/lh+oNnfx' cGx'df_ aofg s/t] x}+ ls /;"n'Nnfx s] lnP Ps xL dHfln; d]+ p7g] ;] kxn] ;f} -!))_ af/ ox b'cf z'df/ sL hftL yL M

M L I $K m M N N$ T I P)F I N ^ VN F(I c P 6M I VR$ P R ‚K m J I Œ195

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูกูค

!(%= P] d]/] /a\ d'em] aVร z b] cf}/ d]/L tf}af sร a"n km/df a]zs\ t" ax't tf}af sร a"n s/g] jfnf , ax't Hofbf aVร zg] jfnf x} . -lqldhร L ju+}/x cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!%# cf}/ ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf @รท#@! ZAb lqldhร L s] x}+ _

85-

dHfl dHfln; s] u'gfx b"/ s/g] sL b'cf -etfyl d dยถ+Qkjk+_

ย I M R P I,P )F T I P)F .S ^ I $F ^ .S F) M 'I P )F ย I R P 7 I ^ I 4N 'M S$ I I I75P,M ย 196 .I P$F ^ m M M6)F I !(^= P] cNnfx t" kfs x} cf}/ t]/] lnP x/ k|sf/ sL tf/Lkm x} . d}+ zxfbt\ b]tf x"F ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+ . d}+ t'em ;] dfkmL rfxtf x"F cf}/ t'em ;] tf}af s/tf x"F . - lqldhร L , ca"bfpmb , g;fO{ , OAg]dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!%#, cfOzf -/lh_ aofg s/tL x}+ ls /;"n'Nnfx ls;L dHfln;\ d]+ a}7t] of s'ร /cfg k9ร t] of gdfhร k9ร t] tf] p;sf Ov\lttfd O; b'cf k/ s/t] y] ===== g;fO{ sL cdn'n of}d jn&n}nf g=#)*, d':fgb\ cxร \db\ ^รท&&, 8f= kmf/ms+ xdfbf g] g;fO{ sL cdn'n of}ld jn&n}nf sL txs+Ls+ k[i7 @&# d]+ O;] ;xLx sxf x} _

86- -uร km/Nnfx'

nsf_ ofgL cNnfx t'em] dfkm km/dfo] sxg] jfn] s] lnP b'cf (( I $F I )) ย 197

!(&= cf}/ t'em] eL dfkm s/] .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١١٥ - d';\gb\ cxÞ\db\ %÷*@, g;fO{ sL cdn'n of}d jn&n}nf k{i7 M@!* g=$@!, 8f= kmf/ms+ xdfbf sL txs+Ls_

87-

cR5f ;'n"s s/g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf = P aI h I IvdI 198

!(*= cNnfx tcfnf t'em] a]xt/Lg abnf b] . -lqldhÞL xbL; @)#% cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\ xbL; g) — ^@$$ cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL @÷@))_

88-

bHhfn ;] dxÞkm"hÞ /xg] fO{km+ /xg] s] jh+ jh+fO{

!((= -!_ hf] cfbdL ;"/f sxkm\ s] z'¿ sL b;\ cfot]+ ofb s/ n] jx bHhfn ;] dxÞ\km"hÞ -;'/lIft_ /x]uf . - d'l:nd !÷%%%, cf}/ Ps l/jfot d]+ x} ;"/f sxkm\ sL cflv/L b; cfot]+ d'l:nd !@%%^_

-@_ x/ gdfhÞ s] cflvÞ/L tzx\x'b\ s] afb bHhfn s] lkmt\g] ;] kgfx dfFugf . - b]lvP O;L lstfa d]+ b'cf g)—%%,%^_

-d'em] t'd ;] cNnfx s] lnP df]xÞAat\ at\ x}_ sxg] jfn] s] lnP b'cf 89-

. M $F V^ I5P5I/P )F 0RO$S I 5N/I )F 200

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١١٦

@))= jx x:tL -cNnfx_ t'em ;] df]xÞAat\ s/] lh; s] lnP t"g] d'em ;] df]xÞAat\ sL . -ca"bfpmb $÷###, z}v cnafgL g] ;xLx ;'gg ca" bfpmb #@(^% d]+ O;] x;g sxf x} _

dfn j bf}nt k]z s/g] s/g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf 90-

.I $R I I I R2P )F VR& I $F h ‘I I I Œ201

@)!= cNnfx t'Dxf/] lnP t'Dxf/] kl/jf/ cf}/ dfn j bf}nt d]+ a/st\ b] . - a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n\ af/L s] ;fy $÷**_

sÞ+h+{ cbf s/t] ;do s+Þh+{ b]g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf 91-

M !P 7 I $K | R F N $ th IvdI I N ^ I $R I I I R2P )F VR& I $F h ‘I I I ÂŒ202 . th I1«Âˆ I @)@= cNnfx tcfnf t]/] lnP t]/] kl/jf/ cf}/ dfn d]+ a/st\ b] . sÞh{ sf abnf tf] l;km{ tf/Lkm -z'ls|of_ cf}/ cbf s/gf x} . -g;fO{ sL cdn'n of}ld jn&n}nf k[i7 M#)), OAg] dfhf @÷*)( cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷%%_

lx:g'n d'l:nd 92-

١١٧

lzs{ ;] 8/g] sL b'cf

I $R ‘I M R P I,P )F I 4M F(P )F I )F I I ^ ‘I ^ P )L K )F I ^ L M()F VJ ^ 4N 'M S$ F ÂŒ203 .4M F(P )F .F @)#= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F O; aft ;] ls d}+ hfgt] x'P t]/] ;fy ls;L sf] z/Ls agfpmF . cf}/ d}+ t'em ;] avÞlzz\ dfFutf x"F pg u'gfxf]+ ;] hf] d}+ gxL+ hfgtf . - d':gb cxdb $÷$)# cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ #÷@## cf}/ cnafgL sL ;xÞLxÞ t/uÞLa j t/xLa !÷!( _

93-

a/st sL b'cf b]g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf (( h ‘I I I I R& I )) Œ204

@)$= cNnfx t'em] eL a/st\ b] . - OAg':;'GgL k[i7 !#* xbL; g)—@&* cf}/ b]lvP OAg'n\ sÞ}\lod\ sL lstfa cn\jflan':;\}\loa\ k[i7 M #)$, txs+Ls+ azL/ d'xDdb pmo"g _

94-

ab\ kmfnL sf] gfk;Gb s/g] sL b'cf

‘I M P‚F I $F ^ .F I ‘I M PaI .S ^ I PaI .F I ‘I M PwF .S ^ I PwF .F 4N 'M S$ F Œ205 @)%= P] cNnfx gxL+ x} sf]O{ gxÞ";t\ du/ t]/L xL gxÞ";t\ ofgL t]/ xL x'Sd ;]_ cf}/ gxL x} sf]O{ enfO{ du/ t]/L xL enfO{ cf}/ t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١١٨ -cx\db\@÷@@), OAg':;'GgL g= @(@, cf}/ cnafgL g] cn\cxÞfbL;':;xÞLxÞf #@%$, g= !)^% d]+ O;] ;xLx sxf x},} lsGt' kmfn -g]s kmfnL_ sf] gaL k;Gb s/t] y]], O;L lnP Ps bkmf Ps cfbsL s] d'¡x ;] cfk g] Ps cR5L aft ;'gL tf] cfk sf] cR5L nuL, r'gf+r] km/dfofM t]/L kmfn xd g] t]/] d'¡x ;] nL x} . ca" bfpmb, cxdb, z}v cnafgL g] cn&cxfbL;';&;xLxf @@#^# d]+ O;] ;xLx sxf x} cf}/ O;sL lg;at cvnfs+'g&gaL k[i7 M @&) d]+ ca'z&z}v sL cf]/ sL x}_

95-

;jf/L k/ ;jf/ xf]g] sL b'cf

M $F N @L I I FO2I I $F I _ N ,I 0RO$S F I75P,M g M P 7 I $K g 4^ P ^ ÂŒ206 M !P 7 I $K g M P 7 I $K g M P 7 I $K F M5ReF P M $F I J I 9F$ ^ N ^ I ¶ I ^ ^ eK M T M !P FjF V!J ^ 4N 'M $ I I I75P,M M 5I@K )F h M 5I@K )F h M 5I@K )F h g .T I P)F .S ^ m I M O‰ $ M R P I# .F M N3^&F VR$ P R ‚K F& Vg K I @)^= cNnfx s] gfd ;] . x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} . kfs x} jx hÞft lh; g] O; -;jf/L_ sf] xdf/] sÞfa" d]+ s/ lbof x} xfnfFls xd O;] ckg] s+fa" d]+ gxL+ s/ ;st] y] cf}/ xd ckg] /a xL sL cf]/ nf}6 s/ hfg] jfn] x}+ . ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} . ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} . ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} . cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . P] cNnfx t" kfs x} . jfsO{ d}+ g] ckgL hfg k/ h'ÞNd lsof x}, k;\ d'em] aVÞz b] Sof]+ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ u'gfxf]+ sf] aVÞzg] jfnf gxL+ . - ca"bfpmb #÷#$ lqldhÞL %÷%)! cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%^ _

lx:g'n d'l:nd 96-

١١٩

;km/ -ofqf_ sL b'cf

FO2I I $F I _ N ,I 0RO$S F I75P,M M 5I@K )F h M 5I@K )F h M 5I@K )F h ÂŒ207 V!R& I $LuF P I N ^ 4N 'M $ F M5ReF P M $F I J I 9F$ ^ N ^ I ¶ I ^ ^ eK M M $F N @L I I !I PF(I K J 2I 4N 'M $ 9Ip P 6I I ^ I I $K I R I QI eK N$ I N 5^$K FO2I I ^ F ,I nL F R_ I $K I ^ F N $ VR& c M /R N $ T I P)F 4N M' $ M I P M N (I ^ wK I FO2I I I F ,I ^ !FÂŽ P I $K nR !I ­F@ I ^ F N $ tg F?(P I P R I ^ L M()F VJ ^ 4N 'M $ ^ 2P «Âˆ VR& . ^ 2P «Âˆ I G^ I $K VR& c ^ FeF P M $K tg M, I @)& = cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . kfs x} jx h+ft lh; g] O; sf] xdf/] sÞfa" d]+ s/ lbof xfnfFls xd O;] ckg] sÞfa" d]+ g s/ ;st] y] . P] cNnfx xd ckg] O; ;km/ -ofqf_ d]+ t'em ;] g]sL cf}/ tsÞjf cf}/ P];] cdn\ sf ;jfn s/t] x}+ lh;] t" k;Gb s/] . P] cNnfx xdf/f ox ;km/ xd k/ cf;fg s/ b] cf}/ O; sL b"/L sf] xdf/] lnP ;d]6 b] . P] cNnfx t" xL ;km/ d]+ -xdf/f_ ;fyL cf}/ 3/ jfnf]+ d]+ hfgzLg\ x} . P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] ;km/ sL dzSÞsÞt\ ;] cf}/ p;s] tsnLkmb]x dGh+/ ;] cf}/ dfn tyf 3/ jfnf]+ d]+ a'/L tabLnL -of a'/L xfnt d]+ nf}6g]_ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . cf}/ ha ;km/ ;] 3/ sL t/km jfk;\ nf}6] tf] pmk/ sL b'cf k9Þ] cf}/ p; s] ;fy ox b'cf eL k9Þ] M F M R I/ I J I $R F M ^ I( F M5rR I6 F M5^#B

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٢Ù

xd jfk; nf}6g] jfn], tf}af s/g] jfn], Oafbt\ s/g] jfn] cf}/ ckg] /a\ xL sL tf/Lkm s/g] jfn] x}+ . - d'l:nd @÷((*_

ls;L ufFj of zx/ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] sL b'cf

97-

q^ 5P N $ ¶ I p R P «Âˆ m N I I I K FjK )F I I q^ 5PN $ * R I I N $ m N I 4N 'M S$ F ÂŒ208 . I !P# I F !I I ¤ ^ I# J $ m N I I I K Fp P )F I I ¶ ^ wR I o N $ m N I I I K FHK )F I P !R I ^ L M()F I I' R& I I PaI I I'R2P )F I PaI I nR I# P eF $K R OR 2I I PaI I $LuF,P )F . I' R& I J I I I'R2P )F J I I I2 J I @)*= P] cNnfx P] ;ftf]+ cf;dfgf]+ s] /a\ cf}/ pg rLhÞf]+ s] /a\ lhg k/ ox ;fof s/ /v] x+}, cf}/ ;ftf]+ hÞdLgf]+ cf}/ pg rLhÞf]+ s] /a\ lhg sf] ox p7f /v] x}+, cf}/ z}tfgf]+ cf}/ pg rLhÞf]+ s] /a\ lhGx]+ OGxf]+ g] u'Df/fx lsof x}, cf}/ xjfcf]+ s] /a\ cf}/ pg rLh+f]+ s] hf] pGxf]+ g] p8ÞfoL x}+ . d}+ t'em ;] O; ufjF sL enfO{ sf cf}/ O; ufjF d]+ /xg] jfnf]+ sL enfO{ sf cf}/ O; d]+ df}h"b rLhÞf]+ sL enfO{ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F ,cf}/ d}+ O; ufjF sL a'/fO{ cf}/ O; s] afl;of]+ sL a'/fO{ ;] cf}/ pg rLhÞf]+ sL a'/fO{ ;] t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F hf] O; d]+ x}+ . -Odfd xÞflsd\ g] O;] l/jfot\ s/s] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} cf}/ Odfd hÞxaL g] O;sL k'li6 sL x} @÷!)), OAg':;'GgL g= %@$, xflkmh+ g] ch+sf/ sL tv/Lh d]+ O;] x;g sxf x} %@!%$, z}vÞ lag\ afhÞ -/lxÞ_ g] km/dfofM g;fO{ g] O;] xÞ;g\ ;gb s] ;fy l/jfot lsof x}, b]lvP t'x\kÞ mt'n\ cvÞ\of/ k[i7 #& _

lx:g'n d'l:nd 98-

ูกูขูก

afhร f/ d]+ bflvร n\ xf]g] sL b'cf

V^ 7 P M# M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I #^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F ย 209 z #R HF tk VP I ย @L 9F(I I 2M I M P_ I $K R R I^ * M P I# .F Vยก /I I 2M I T M R M# I @)(= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . p;L sf d'Ns x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} . jx lhร Gbf s/tf x} cf}/ df/tf x} . cf}/ jx lhร Gbf x} p;] df}t gxL+ cftL p;L s] xfy d]+ ;a enfO{ x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhร k/ sร flb/ x} . - lqldhร L %รท@(! Xร flsd\ !รท%#*, z}v cnafgL g] ;xLx OAg] dfhf @@@! cf}/ ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!%@ d]+ O;] x;g sxf x}_

;jf/L s] lkm;n\ lkm;ng]\g] of lu/g] s] ;do sL b'cf

99-

g 4^ P ^ ย 210 @!)= cNnfx s] gfd ;] . - ca"bfpmb $รท@(^ cf}/ z}v cnafgL g] O';] ;xLx ca" bfpmb #@($! d]+ ;xLx sxf x} _

100-

d';flkm/ sL d' 'sLร d s] lnP b'cf dsร . M M rR I1 I qM R"6I .F 0RO$S ย 4M \L (M 1R P I,P )F ย 211

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูขูข

@!!= d}+ t'Dx]+ p; cNnfx s] xjfn] s/tf x"F lh; s] xjfn] sL x'O{ rLhร +] seL gi6 cf}/ a/afb gxL+ xf]tL+ . -cxร \db\ @รท$)#, OAg] dfhf @รท($# cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร OAg] dfhf @รท!## _

dsร 'sLร d cfbdL sL d';flkm/ s] lnP b'cf

101-

.I F I (I 4I R6 I aI I I I I I )F I I I#R1 ย ร M 1R P I,P )F ย 212

@!@= d}+ t]/] bLg, t]/L cdfgt\ cf}/ t]/] cflv/L cdn sf] cNnfx s] xjfn] s/tf x"F . -cxร db\ @รท& lqldhร L %รท$(( cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L @รท!%% _

!I s L P/I I P_ I $K I $F I N I# I I 5I P F I F ย F I QI eK N$ h ย I 1I N ]I ย 213 .T I P@L @!#= cNnfx tcfnf t'em] tsร jf ctf s/] cf}/ t]/] u'gfx aVร z] cf}/ t" hxfF sxL+ eL /x] cNnfx tcfnf t]/] lnP enfO{ cf;fg s/ b] . -lqldhร L cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!%%_ 102-

;km/ s] bf}/fg t:aLx cf}/ ts\aL/

! $v ร @ 8 @)) : ( Vp d G H ย 214 (( 75,

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٢٣

@!$= hfla/ - _ km/dft] x}+ ls ha xd pmk/ r9Þt] tf] ts\aL/ --cNnfx' cs\a/\ __ k9Þt] cf}/ gLr] pt/t] tf] t:aLxÞ --;'AxÞfgNnfx__ sxt] y] . -a'vÞf/L kmTx'n af/L s] ;fy ^÷!#%_ 103-

d';flkm/ sL b'cf ha jx ;'axÞ s/]

I 5P/R !I8 I N I . I PF(I R rR% F I ^ P /M I g R P 7 I ^ qz R I, qI N ,I ÂŒ215 g ^ =ORr I( I PF(I K " R &K )F I . ^ N $ I R @!%= Ps ;'gg] jfn] g] xdf/L cf]/ ;] cNnfx sL tf/Lkm cf}/ p; s] xd k/ hf] cR5] Ogcfdft cf}/ PxÞ;fgft x}+ pg sf z'qm ;'gf . P] xdf/] /a\ xdf/f ;fyL ag hf cf}/ xd k/ kmhÞ\n km/df . cfu ;] cNnfx sL kgfx dfFut] x'P xd_ ox b'cf s/t} x}+ . - d'l:nd $÷@)*^ _

;km/ s] bf}/fg of lagf ;km/ s] ls;L hux 7x/g] sL b'cf 104-

ƒI FaI I J I P R * R N N $ R$ * R I R\F ^ L M()F ÂŒ216 @!^= d}+ cNnfx s] k"/] slndft s] ;fy kgfx rfxtf x"F p; rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] p; g] k}bf sL x} . - d'l:nd $÷@)*)_ 105-

;km/ ;] jfk;L sL b'cf

tc jlwyqYykg fdlh tax ;k gTt ls okil ykSVrs rks gj Ã…¡ph txg ij rhu ckj vYykgq vd~cj dgrs] fQj ;g nqvk i<+rs %

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูขูค

I 2M I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I #^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F ย 217 F M !R I/ I J I $R F M ^ I( F M5rR I6 F M5^#B z #R HF tk VP I ย @L 9F(I P I m I Iv/P ยซย ;I vI 2I I M I 5P(I I I I I M I (P I h b I I 8 I . M I / @!&= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt\ s] nfosร \ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+, p;L s] lnP d'Ns x} . p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhร k/ sร flb/ x} . xd jfk; nf}6g] jfn], tf}af s/g] jfn], Oafbt\ s/g] jfn] cf}/ s]jn ckg] /a\ sL tf/Lkm s/g] jfn] x}+ . cNnfx g] ckgf jfbf ;Rrf s/ lbvfof cf}/ ckg] aGb] sL dbb\ sL cf}/ cs]n] cNnfx g] ;f/] nZs/f]+ sf] lzs:t bL -k/flht s/ lbof_ -a'vร f/L &รท!^# d'l:nd @รท(*) _

vร 'z\ va/L of gf k;GbLbf aft ;'gg] jfnf Sof sx] <

106-

@!*= /;"n'Nnfx s] kf; cu/ sf]O{ vร 'z s/g] jfnL va/ร cftL tf] cfk km/dft] M (( * M I7$R N $ 4~ R6I R R I P ^ ^ 0RO$S g M P 7 I K$ F)) ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx xL s] lnP x} lh; s] Og\cfd ;] cR5] sfd d'sDdn\ xf]t] x}+ . cf}/ cu/ cfk sf] sf]O{ gf k;GbLbf dfdnf k]z cftf tf] km/dft] M

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูขูฅ

((G` I/ ย @L 9F(I g M P 7 I $K F)) x/ xร fn d]+ tdfd tf/Lkm cNnfx xL s] lnP x} . -OAg':;'GgL sL cdn'n of}ld jn&n}nf, Odfd xร flsd\ g] O;] l/jfot\ s/s] ;xร Lxร sxf x} !รท$((, z}vร cn\afgL /lxdx'Nnfxร g] ;xร Lxร 'n\ hfldcร \ d]+ O;] ;xร Lxร sxf x} $รท@)!_

/;"n'Nnfx k/ bยฟb e]hg] sL kmhร Lnt\ 107-

(( = o( ร ( ย 9 8 ย %8 V ( ย 9 8 )) : G H ย 219

@!(= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof hf] cfbdL d'em k/ Ps af/ -bยฟb e]h] uf cNnfx tcfnf p; k/ b; /xร \dt]+ gflh+n km/dfo] uf . - d'l:nd !รท@**_ 4\6%8 3& V ( 8 = ( 0ร H ร .)) : G H ย 220 ((4 @ s / ร 56 @@)= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M -- d]/L sร a| sf] d]nfufx g\ agfcf] cf}/ d'em k/ b/mb e]hf] . t'd hxfF + eL xf] t'Dxf/f b/mb d'em] kx'Fr hftf x} . - ca"bfpmb @รท@!* cx\db\ @รท#^&, z}vร cn\afgL /lxร g] ;xร Lxร ca" bfpmb d]+ O;] ;xร Lxร sxf x} @รท#*# _

((V ( # 4 & ( * @ _5$ )) : G H ย 221

@@!= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M avร Ln -sGh";_ jx x} lh; s] kf; d]/f lhj|m xf] cf}/ jx d'em k/ b/mb g e]h] .

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูขูฆ -lqldhร L %รท%%! cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร 'n\ hfldcร \ #รท@% cf}/ ;xร Lxร lqldhร L #รท!&&_

! ร 5# ย ยซ ยฝ ยถ/ , n\r% )) : G H ย 222 ((;% $ ร ) @@@= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M cNnfx tcfnf s] s'5 P];] kml/Zt] x}+ hf] hร dLg d]+ 3"dt] lkm/t] x}+ jx d]/] pDdltof]+ sf ;nfd d'em] kx'Frft] x}+ . - g;fO{, xร flsd\ @รท$@! cf}/ O; xร bL; sf] z}vร cn\afgL -/lx_ g] ;xร Lxร sxf x} b]lvP ;xร Lxร g;fO{ !รท@&$_

V!/ V ( 1 . V ( 4 # /) )) : G !H ย 223 (( ;% $ ( 1 ) ยฟ/ @@#= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M sf]O{ cfbdL ha eL d'em k/ ;nfd k9ร tf x} tf] cNnfx tcfnf d]/L ยฟxร -k|f0f_ sf] d]/] abg\ d]+ jfk; nf}6f b]tf x} tfls d}+ p;] ;nfd sf hjfa b"F . - ca"bfpmb xร bL; g)โ @)$! cf}/ z}vร cn\afgL -/lxร _ g] O; xร bL; sf] xร ;g\ sxf x} b]lvP ;xร Lxร ca"bfpmb !รท#*# _

108-

;nfd sf] km}nfgf

ยข6 . ยข6 ยฟ/ n ยจ a 6 .)) : G , G H ย 224 ;% $ o&) 4 5 ร & tV 9 ( 4\$1) . )

ร ยฟ/ ((4\

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูขูง

@@$= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M t'd hGgt d]+ bflvร n\ gxL+ xf] ;st] oxfF ts ls t'd df]ldg\ agf] cf}/ t'd df]ldg\ gxL+ xf]u] oxfF ts ls cfk; d]+ Ps b";/] ;] df]xAat s/f] . Sof d}+ t'Dx]+ P];L rLhร g atfpmF lh; s] s/g] ;] t'd Ps b";/] ;] df]xAat s/g] nuf]u] . cfk; d]+ ;nfd sf] v"ร a km}nfcf] . -d'l:nd !รท&$, ju}/f_

- { ยต : ร ยต qร e& ' ร ย %ย )) ย 225 (( Hยต b ยต y $ ;% $ GO @@%= cDdf/ lag\ ofl;/ - _ km/dft] x}+ ls M tLg rLhร ]+ P];L x}+ ls hf] cfbdL Og tLgf]+ sf] xร fl;n\ s/ n] tf] p; g] O{dfg hdf s/ lnof M -!_ ckg] cfk ;] OG;fkm s/gf . -@_ tdfd nf]uf]+ ;] ;nfd s/gf . -#_ tGub:t xf]t] x'o] eL -cNnfx sL /fx d]+_ vร r{ s/gf . -a'vร f/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy !รท*@ df}sร "km df]cNnsร \ ofgL ox ;xร faL sf km/dfg x} _

ร $ Gu, % = d ) : ' ( Vp ( 5( ( ย 226 ! 9 ( ;% $ ) e6 ; ย $ 4 ย 6)) :G H f>a ;%,ยต 0) .(({ 6 y T& ( @@^= cAb'Nnfx lag\ pd/ -/lh+=_ km/dft] x}+ ls Ps cfbdL g] /;"n'Nnfx ;] ;jfn lsof ls O:nfd sf sf}g ;f sfd ;a ;] a]xt/ x} < cfk g] km/dfofM -- ox ls t'd vfgf lvnfcf] cf}/ lh;] t'd kxrfgt] xf] cf}/ lh;] gxL+ kxrfGft] ;a ;] ;nfd s/f] . __ -a'vร f/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy !รท%% d'l:nd !รท^%_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูขูจ

sflkm/ s] ;nfd sf sf hjfa ls; t/xร t/xร lbof hfP hfP 109-

4P \L PF(I I : $ e& m \$ 2) 4\ ( 4 , ย 227 @@&= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof ls M ha ox"b j g;f/f t'd ;] ;nfd s/]+ tf] t'd pGx]+ hjfa d]+ sxf] M 4P \L PF(I I -cf}/ t'd k/ eL_. - a'vร f/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy !!รท$@ cf}/ d'l:nd $รท!&)%_

d'uร { af]ng] cf}/ ubxf xL+ug] s] jS jSร t sL b'cf 110-

*) !ร 3& "& $u,u& n\# $ ยค 8 4 ร ย 228 Q) ! 3& ย o$ & ย ร 4 ร =\ . = ย @@*= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof ls M ha t'd d'uร { sL afFu ;'gf] tf] cNnfx tcfnf ;] p; sf kmHร n dfFuf] -ld;fn s] tf}/ k/ ox k9ร f]_ M I R" P &F P R I $LuF,P )F VJ ^ 4N 'M S$F

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูขูฉ

Sof]+ls jx kml/Ztf b]vtf x}, cf}/ ha ubx] sL cfjfhร ;'gf] tf] z}tfg ;] cNnfx sL kgfx dfFuf]+ Sof]+ls jx z}tfg b]vtf g ^ L P (M )F _ - a'vร f/L kmt\x'n x} . -ofgL ox k9ร f] M 4^ Pd^ N $ R Fย PoN $ I R af/L s] ;fy ^รท#%) d'l:nd $รท@)(@ _

/ft sf] s'Qf]+ s] s] e"Fsg]g] s] jS+ jS+t sL b'cf 111-

! & $ > ย ร m%\$ ยค 5 4 ร )) ย 229 .(( 6 . # # ร 3& ' @@(= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof ls ha t'd /ft s] jS+t s'Qf]+ s] e"Fsg] cf}/ ubxf]+ s] xL+ug] sL cfjfh+ ;'gf] tf] pg ;] cNnfx sL kgfx dfFuf]+ Sof]+ls jx P];L rLhร ]+ b]vt] x}+ lhGx]+ t'd gxL+ b]v kft] . -ca"bfpmb $รท#@&, cxdb #รท#)^ cf}/ z}vร cn\afgL g] O; xร bL; sf] ;xLx ca" bfpmb #@(^! d]+ ;xร Lxร sxf x}_

p; cfbdL s] lnP b'cf lh;] t'd g] a'/f enf sxf xf] of ufnL bL xf] 112-

ca" x'/}/f -/lh_ km/dft] x}+ ls pGxf]+ g] /;"n'Nnfx sf] ox b'cf s/t] x'P ;'gf M ;I P !I# I !P $F ^ n= I P HL M $F I $R F K I dP F& M M5P5I,I ` R ยขP M I ~#uF&F 4N 'M $ )) ย 230 (( nR I I eR $K

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٣٠

@#)= P] cNnfx lh; ls;L df]ldg sf] d}+ g] a'/f enf sxf xf] tf] sÞofdt\ s] lbg O;] p; s] lnP ckg] sÞ/La xf]g] sf h+l/of agf b] . -a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy !!÷!&!, d'l:nd $÷@))&, d'l:nd s] zAb x}+ M $% & '( ) *+,- . -O; sf] p;s] lnP kfsLh+uL cf}/ /xdt sf h+l/of agf b] ._

d';ndfg ndfg ls;L d';nd ndfg fg sL tf/Lkm d]+ Sof sx] 113-

: !e & n!$ : . 5/ 8 =/1 4@ /) @ : G H 231 F F@ K ^ _ M 5M g /P )F = I/)F g 9F(I V @]I )L .F I M 5M g I/ h I = F%&L c M g /P )F I F 4M F P I# . FO@F I FO@F – @#!= cfk g] km/dfof M ha t'd d]+ ;] ls;L sf] h¿/ xL ls;L sL tf/Lkm s/gL xf] tf] ox sx] M d}+ ;demtf x"¡ ls kmnfF cfbdL P];] cf}/ P];] -ld;fn s] tf}/ k/ g]s, k/x]h+uf/, bLgbf/\ ju}/f __ x}, cf}/ cNnfx p; sf lxÞ;fa n]g] jfnf x} cf}/ d}+ ls;L sf] cNnfx s] ;fdg] kfs gxL+ s+/f/ b] ;stf . ox tf/Lkm eL p; jSÞt s/] ha ox vÞ"a cR5L t/xÞ hfgtf xf] . -d'l:nd $÷@@(^ _

ha d';ndfg sx] ckgL tf/Lkm ;'g] tf] Sof sx 114-

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٣١

F !M F P I# .F !I V!R$ P R ‚K I F L$ LeI# I ^ V^ OK aR I¢6M .F 4N 'M S$ F ÂŒ232 [ F ~ ÂŽL I# N R = P aI V^ K I dP I ] @#@= P] cNnfx hf] ox nf]u d]/] af/] d]+ sx /x] x}+ p; k/ d]/L ks8Þ dt s/gf cf}/ d'em] dfkm s/ b] jx hf] o] gxL+ hfgt] x}+ . [ cf}/ d'em] p; ;] a]xt/ agf b] hf] o] d]/] af/] d]+ u'dfg s/t]] x} .] -a'vf/L sL cba'n d'km/b g=&^!, z}v cnafgL g] ;xÞLxÞ'n\ cb\lan\ d'km\/b\ g=%*% d]+ O;sL ;gb sf] ;xLx sxf x}, bf]gf]+ a/]ls6f]+ s] aLr s] zAb a}xs+L g] z'ca'n O{dfg $@@@* d]+ Ps b";/L ;gb ;] H+ofbf lsP x}_+

xHh of pd| pd|f sf OxÞ/fd afFwg] jfnf tn\ \laof s};] sx] tnlaof sx

115-

I !P 7 I $K S ^ I-!P 5N$F I $F I #^ I .F I P5N$F I- P5N$F 4N 'M S$ I P5N$F Œ233 .I $F I #^ I .F I-K M $K I I $F Fn I P J$ I @##= d}+ xÞflh/ x"F . P] cNnfx d}+ xÞflh/ x"F . d}+ xÞflh/ x"F t]/f sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ , d}+ xÞflh/ x"F . a]zs\ tdfd tf/Lkm cf}/ g]dt\ cf}/ afbzfxL t]/] xL lnP x} . t]/f sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . -

a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy #÷$)* d'l:nd @÷*$!_

xÞh/]\/] c:jb\ c:jb\ jfn] sf]g] k/ cNnfx' cs\ \a/ sxgf rflxP csa/ 116-

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูฃูข

! $ ) @ $ 96) @ > 9 ( T 5$ ร $ { w ย 234 .ร @ ( tVo

@#$= gaL g] pmF6 k/ ;jf/ xf] s/ a}t'Nnfx sf tjfkm lsof . ha cfk xร h\/] c:jb\ jfn] sf]g] s] kf; cft] tf] p; sL t/km\ ckg] kf; df}h"b ls;L rLhร ;] Ozf/f s/t] cf}/ --cNnfx' cs\a/__ sxt] . -a'vร f/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy #รท$&^_ ls;L rLhร ;] d'/fb 58ร L x} . b]lvP a'vร f/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy #รท$&@ _

?Sg] odfgL cf}/ xร h|] c:jb\ c:jb\ s] b/ldofg b'cf

117-

. ^ N $ m I FO(I I HR I n= I I /I ย R I aR ยธ VR& I n= I I /I I P ~ $ VR& I 6RB I N I ย 235

@#%= P] xdf/] /a\ xd]+ b'lgof cf}/ cflvร /t\ d]+ enfO{ ctf km/df cf}/ xd]+ hxGgd s] chร fa ;] arf . -ca"bfpmb @รท!&( cxร \db\ #รท$!! Zf/x':;'Ggf lnn\ auร jL &รท!@*, cnafgL g] ;xLx ca" bfpmb !@#%$ d]+ O;] x;g sxf x}_

118-

;kmf cf}/ d/jf k/ 7x/g] sL b'cf

ha cfk ;kmf s] sร /La kx'Fr] tf] km/dfof M . R ^ h )F I I I ^ )L I P)F .. g Rr I I P R ย F I P I $K I F N $ S ^ ย 236

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٣٣

@#^= ;kmf cf}/ d/jf -ox bf]gf]+ kxfl8ÞofF_ cNnfx sL lgzflgof]+ d]+ ;] x}+ . d}+ p;L ;] z'¿ s/ /xf x"F lh; ;] cNnfx g] z'¿ lsof x} . lkm/ cfk g] ;kmf ;] ;O{ z'¿ sL, p; k/ r9Þt] uP oxfF ts ls a}tN' nfx ghÞ/ cfg] nuf, lkm/ cfk g] lsÞAnf sL t/km\ d'xF lsof cf}/ cNnfx sL tf}xLb cf}/ a8+fO{ aofg s/t] x'P ox b'cf k9+L M 9F(I I 2M I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M F$ I #^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F )) ;I vI 2I I M I 5P(I I I I I M I (P I vI I P)F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F z #R HF tk VP I @L .(( M I /P I m M Iv/P « cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+, p;L s] lnP d'Ns x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞflb/ x} . cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} . p; g] ckgf jfbf k"/f lsof cf}/ ckg] aGb] sL dbb\ sL cf}/ cs]n] p; g] ;f/] nZs/f]+ sf] lzs:t bL . lkm/ O;s] aLr cfk g] b'cf km/dfO{, O; t/x cfk g] tLg af/ sxf . xbL; nDaL x} cf}/ p; d]+ ox eL x} ls gaL g] d/jf k/ eL j};] xL lsof h};] ;kmf k/ lsof . -d'l:nd @@***_

119-

c/kmf s] lbg -(h'nlxÞ \lxÞHhf_ sL sL b'cf

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٥٣٤

jlwy us Qjek;k % lc ls csgrj nqvk vjQk ds fnu dh nqvk gS] vkSj ml fnu tks dqN eSa us vkSj eq> ls igys ufc;ksa us dgk ml esa lc ls vQt+y ;g gS %

I 2M I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I #^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F ÂŒ237 P I Â? @L 9F(I . z #R HF tk V @#&= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosĂž gxL+ . jx cs]nf x}, p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+, p;L s] lnP afbzfxL x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhĂž k/ sĂžflb/ x} . -lqldhĂžL, z}v cnafgL g] ;xĂžLxĂž lqldhĂžL #á!*$ cf}/ l;nl;nf ;xLxf $@^ d]+ O;] x;g sxf x} _

120- e'k~ ~vjs gjke ds ikl dh nqvk e'kvjs 238238- uch lYyYykgq vySfg olYye d+lok ŸÅ¥Vuh½ ij lokj gks x;sA tc e'kvjs gjke Âźeqt+~ny~Qk½ igqÂĄps rks fd+Cyk dh vksj eqÂĄg dj ds vYykg rvkyk ls nqvk dh] vYykgq vd~cj] ykbykgk bYyYykg vkSj rkSghn ds dfyekr dgrs jgsA vPNh rjg jks'kuh gksus rd ;gha Bgjs jgsA fQj lwjt fudyus ls igys ;gkÂĄ ls jokuk gks x;sA ÂźeqfLye 2@891½

121- tejkr dh jeh ds

oD+r gj dadjh ds lkFk rd~ rdchj ~chj 239239 jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq vySfg olYye rhuksa tejkr ds ikl tc Hkh dadjh Qsadrs vYykgq vd~cj dgrs] fQj vkxs c<+rs vkSj

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٣٥

igys vkSj nwljs tejk ds gkFk mBkdj nqvk djrsA jeh djrs gq;s gj dadjh ikl fcuk Bgjs gq;s okil

ckn fd+Cyk dh vksj eq¡g djds vius nksuksa fdUrq tejk vd+ck ¼vkf[kjh tejk½ dh ds lkFk vYykgq vd~cj dgrs vkSj mlds gks tkrsA

¼cq[kkjh QRgqy ckjh ds lkFk 3@583] 3@584] vkSj blds 'kCn ;gha nsf[k;s] cq[kkjh QRgqy ckjh ds lkFk 3@581] eqfLye us Hkh bls fjok;r fd;k gS½

tcHh'a\ cf}/ vÞ'z s'g sfd k/ b'cf 122-

. g F I75P,z 240 @$)= cNnfx kfs x} . -a'vÞf/L kmTx'n af/L s] ;fy !÷@!), #(), $!$ d'l:nd $÷!*%& _

M 5I@K )F h 241 @$! = cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . -a'vÞf/L kmTx'n af/L s] ;fy *÷$$! cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL @÷!)#, @@@#%, d';gb cxb %@@!* _

123- [kq'k[k+ cjh feyus ij D;k djs\ k[k+cjh @$@= uch lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks fdlh [kq'k djus okyh pht+ dh [k+cj feyrh rks vki vYykg rvkyk dk 'kqØ vnk djrs gq;s lt~nk esa fxj iM+rsA ¼vcw nkÅn] f=fet+h] bCus ektk] nsf[k, lghg bCus ektk 1@233] bokZmy x+yhy 2@226½

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٣٦

124- hf] cfbdL ckg] lh:d d]+

bb{ " s/] jx Sof b'bcf 'cf k9 bb{ dxÞ;; k9Þ] jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dk Qjeku gS fd ftLe ds ftl fgLls esa rdyhQ+ gks ml ij viuk gkFk j[kks vkSj rhu ckj dgks% R $ 4^ P ^ vYykg ds uke lsA vkSj lkr ckj ;g nqvk i<+ks% M R I/)L I M d^ )F I J I P R R 6R I P HL I g ^ L M()F - 243 @$#= d}+ cNnfx tcfnf cf}/ p;sL sÞ'b/t\ sL kgfx ks8Þtf x"F p; rLhÞ s] z/\ -a'/fO{_ ;] hf] d}+ kftf x"F cf}/ lh; ;] 8/tf x"F . - d'l:nd $÷!&@* _

125- viuh ut+j yx

tkus dk Mj gks rks D;k dgs 244244- jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Qjek;k% tc rqe esa ls dksbZ vkneh vius HkkbZ ;k vius ;gk¡ ;k vius eky esa [kq'k djus okyh pht+ ns[ks rks mls cjdr dh nqvk djuh pkfg,] D;ksafd ut+j yx tkuk gd+ gSA ¼eqlun vgen 4@447] bCus ektk] ekfyd] vyckuh us lghgqy tkfev esa bls lghg dgk gS 1@212] nsf[k, t+knqy evkn vjukÅr dh rgd+hd+ 4@170½

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٣٧

126- ?kcjkgV ds le; D;k dgk tk, < (( M S$ .S ^ I $F ^ .F ))

#

245- vYykg ds flok dksbZ bcknr ds yk;d+ ughaA ¼cq[k+kjh QRgqy ckjh ds lkFk 6@181] eqfLye 4@2208½

cfd hfgj/ of pm¡ pm¡6 hÞaxÞ\ s/t] ;do Sof sx]< 127-

.VJ R K 5NeF 6I 4N 'M $F [ I $F I I P R 4N 'M $F ] M 5I@K )F h I g 4^ P ^ ÂŒ241 @$^= cNnfx s] gfd ;] hÞaxÞ\ s/tf x"F . cNnfx ;a ;] a8Þf x} [ P] cNnfx ox sÞ'/afgL t]/L xL t/km ;] cf}/ t]/] xL lnP x}] P] cNnfx ox -sÞ'/afgL_ d]/L t/km ;] sÞa"n km/df . - d'l:nd #÷!%%& a}xÞsÞL (÷@*&, a/}ls6 s] aLr s] zAb a}xs+L ju+}/f s] x}+, cf}/ cflv/L h'dnf d'l:nd sL l/jfot sf cy{ x} _

;/sz\ ;/sz\ z}tfgf]+ s] s] km/]a cf}/ rfn ;] arg] sL b'cf 128-

J I P R z d^ F& .F I ¡ I N 2M ]M ^ I„M# .F VR $S * R N N $ g * R I R\F ^ L M() ÂŒ 247 I' R& } M M P I# I J I P R I gt I N $ I R LGv^ PI# I J I P R I F) I F I )F I I I IƒFaI I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูฃูจ

^ !P S$ ^ I&R J I P R I I' P R } M M _ P I# I J I P R I ^ย P ยซย VR& )F I F I J I P R I . M I /P I I# ` P_ I ^ b M M ย K I# =H^ Fw .S ^ b ` ^ Fw ย @L J I P R I ^ I' N$ I

@$&= d}+ cNnfx s] pg d'sDdn\ slndft sL kgfx ks8ร tf x"F lhg ;] sf]O{ g]s cf}/ sf]O{ a'/f cfu] gxL+ u'hร / ;stf p; rLhร sL a'/fO{ ;] lh;] p; g] k}bf lsof cf}/ jh"b aVzf cf}/ km}nfof, cf}/ p; rLh+ sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] cf;dfg ;] pt/tL x}, cf}/ p; rLh+ sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] p; d]+ r9+tL x}, cf}/ p; rLhร sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] p; g] hร dLg d]+ km}nfof cf}/ p; sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] p; ;] lgsntL x} cf}/ /ft cf}/ lbg s] lkmt\gf]+ s] z/ ;] cf}/ /ft s] jS+t x/ cfg] jfn] sL a'/fO{ ;] l;jfP p; /ft sf] cfg] jfn] s] hf] enfO{ s] ;fy cfP . P] ax't H+ofbf /xd s/g] jfn] . - cxร \db\ #รท$!( ;xร Lxร ;gb\ s] ;fy, OAg'; ;'GgL g= ^#&, c/gfpmt g] txfljof sL tv/Lh+ k[i7 !## d]+ O;sL ;gb sf] ;xLx sxf x}, b]lvP dhdpmH+h+jfOb\ !)@!@&_

tf}af cf}/ Ol:tuร kmf/ \kmf/ kmf -cNnfx ;] dfkmL cf}/ alV+ zz\ dfFugf_ alV+zz\ zz 124-

ยฝ ! $ m 6) ,ยซ ร : G , G H ย 248 .ย ยถ 5, ?@) ; $ @$*= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M cNnfx sL sร ;d d}+ lbg d]+ ;Q/ dt{af ;] Hofbf cNnfx ;] av\ร lzz\ dfFutf cf}/ p; s] ;fdg] tf}af s/tf x"F . - a'vร f/L kmTxร 'n af/L s] ;fy !!รท!)!_

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٣٩

$ ; $ ½ m 6) É3& <

6 Â¥ $ '#) # : G H ÂŒ249 .‡ nr @$(= gaL g] km/dfof M P] nf]uf] cNnfx s] ;fdg] tf}af s/f],\ d}+ lbg d]+ ;f} -!))_ af/ p; s] ;fdg] tf}af s/tf x"F . -d'l:nd $÷@)&^_ V~ !I7$K I 2M .S ^ I $F ^ .F 0RO$S 4I RÂŽ I $K ˆ M R P I,P )F :G H : G H ÂŒ250 .|/v$ & @ $ ‚ R P$F ^ m M M6)F I M; ~ eF $K

@%)= cfk g] km/dfof M hf] cfbdL ox b'cf k9Þ] M (( R P$F ^ m M M6)F I ;M ~ eF $K V~ 7 I $K I 2M .S ^ I F$ ^ .F 0RO$S 4I RÂŽ I $K ˆ M R P I,P )F)) d}+ ch+dt jfn] cNnfx ;] dfkmL dfFutf x"F lh; s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ jx xd]zf lh+Gbf /xg] jfnf cf}/ ;a sf] s+fod /vg] jfnf x} cf}/ d}+ p;s] ;fdg] tf}af s/tf x"F . tf] cNnfx tcfnf p;] aVÞz\ b]tf x} rfx] jx n8+fO{ s] d}bfg ;] efuf x'cf xf] . -ca"bfpmb @÷*%, lqldhÞL %÷%^(, cf}/ xflsd g] O;] l/jfot s/ s] ;xLx sxf x} cf}/ h+x\aL g] O;sL k'li6 sL x}, cf}/ z}v cnafgL g] eL O;] ;xLx sxf x}, b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!*@, hfldpn p;"n $@#*(&#() txs+Ls+ c/gfpmt_

$ { d ½ 5 $ m $ \# m H))) : G H ÂŒ251 .(( \& n( $ - 6 ½ @O# Ñ \6 ) T € , 3& a¸

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٤٠

@%!= cfk g] km/dfof M cNnfx tcfnf aGb] s] ;a ;] sÞ/La /ft s] cflvÞ/L lxÞ:;] d]+ xf]tf x} . cu/ t'd pg nf]uf]+ d]+ zfldn\ xf] ;sf] hf] p; jSt cNnfx sf] ofb s/t] x}+ tf] xf] hfcf] . - lqldh+L, g;fO{ !@@&(, xflsd cf}/ b]lvo] ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!*#, hfldpn p;"n $@!$$ txs+Ls+ c/gfpmt _

d !, 2 5 $ \# m H))) : G H 252 .((t ( $ ?@u& @%@= cfk g] km/dfof M aGbf ckg] /a\ ;] ;a ;] Hofbf sÞ/La ;hb] sL xÞfnt\ d]+ xf]tf x} tf] ;hb] d]+ H+ofbf ;] H+ofbf b'cf lsof s/f] . - d'l:nd !÷#%)_ ; ! $ ½ ,« É Í H 9 ( $ )) : G H 253 .(( nr @%#= cuÞ/{ d'hÞgL aofg s/t] x}+ ls /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfofM d]/] lbn\ k/ kbf{ ;f cf hftf x} cf}/ d}+] lbg d]+ ;f} -!))_ af/ cNnfx ;] alVzz\ dfFutf x"F . - d'l:nd $÷@)&%_ - OAg'n\ c;L/ km/dft] x}+ ls kbf{ ;f cfg] ;] d'/fb e"n x} . Sof]+ls cfk xd]zf H+ofbf ;] H+ofbf lhÞj|m j chÞsf/, s+'a{t cf}/ cNnfx s] d'/fs+af d]+ dz\u"n Þ /xt] y] . n]lsg ha seL Og d]+ ls;L rLhÞ ;] s'5 uÞkm\nt\ xf] hftL of cfk e"n hft] tf] p;] ckg] lnP u'gfx z'df/ s/t] cf}/ P];L xÞfnt\ d]+ clws ;]] clws tf}af j Ol:tuÞ\kmf/ s/t] . b]lvP hfldpn\ p;"n @÷#*^ _

lx:g'n d'l:nd 130-

ูกูคูก

rLchg (/ 0 1 2) rg~ ~ehn rgehn

(/ 67 ) 7 6)

(/ 345 )

rg~ ~yhy rgyhy

vkSj rd~chj (8'9 / ) dh Qt+hyr

ย ! nF !Fr R ;` P I# VR& R R P 7 I ^ I g F I7P5,M : G H : G H ย 254 . 75$ ] ? T @ $ # ย a Tย / @%$= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M hf] cfbdL Ps lbg d]+ ;f} -!))_ af/ M R R P 7 I ^ I g F I75P,M kfs x} cNnfx ckgL tf/Lkmf]+ s] ;fy sx] p; s] u'gfx dfkm s/ lbP hft] x}+ rfx] jx ;d'Gb/ s] emfu s] a/fa/ xf]+ . - a'vร f/L &รท!^*, d'l:nd $รท@)&!, ;'a\x j zfd O; b'cf sf] ;f} af/ k9+g] sL kmh+Lnt s] lnP b]lvP O;L lstfa sL xbL; g= (! _

M !F$ M !F$ I #^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F^ .F G H : G H ย 255 ! @ @ . o( z #R HF tk VP I ย @L 9F(I I 2M I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K . ( ร $ ย ) n ) ย () @%%= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M hf] cfbdL b; af/ ox b'cf k9ร ] M

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูคูข

ย @L 9F(I I 2M I M P 7 I $K M $F I M K M $K M $F M $F I #^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F . z #R HF tk VP I jx p; cfbdL sL t/x xf]uf lh; g] O:dfO{n cn}lx:;nfd sL cf}nfb d]+ ;] rf/ u'nfd cfhร fb lsP . - a'vร f/L &รท^&, d'l:nd zAb s] ;fy $รท@)&!, O; b'cf sf] lbg d]+ ;f} af/ sxg] sL kmh+Lnt s] lnP b]lvP O;L lstfa sL xbL; g=(# _

v U ยฝ eย $ 9 ( a @ : G H ย 256 4^ Rย I $K g F I75P,M R R P 7 I ^ I g F I75P,M : ย $ < 5 5/ @%^= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M bf] snd] hร afg k/ xns] x}+ n]lsg dLhร fg -t/fhร "_ d]+ ef/L x}+ cf}/ cNnfx sf] a8ร ] Kof/] x}M+ 4^ Rย I $K g F I75P,M R R P 7 I ^ I g F I75P,M kfs x} cNnfx cf}/ p;L s] lnP x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm x} , kfs x} chร dt\ jfnf cNnfx . -a'vf/L &รท!^* d'l:nd $รท@)&@ _ .S ^ I !$^ .F I g M P 7 I $K I g F I75P,M G H) ยซ : G H ย 257 .ย o$ ( T w ร ย c/) M 5I@K )F h I h @%&= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M d]/] ghร \bLs ;'Axร fgNnfx, cn\xร d\b'lnNnfx, nfOnfxf ONnNnfx cf}/ cNnfx' cs\a/ sf sxgf pg tdfd rLh+f]+ ;] Hofbf dxร \a"a x} lhg k/ ;"/h lgsntf x} . -ofgL ox slndft sxgf b'lgof sL ;f/L g]dtf]+ ;] Hofbf dxร \a"a x} _ - d'l:nd $รท@)&@ _

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٤٣

n ! / |$) ; # @ c \# ) 4@ /) v„ #) : G H ÂŒ258 –5 # :G H fn / |$) /) c \# | @ r d r , $u & .n+ €a |$) ( ÒÓ ) n / |$) $ c \ & n7 5 6 nr @%*= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M -- Sof t'd d]+ ;] sf]O{ cfbdL /f]h+fgf Ps xhÞf/ g]sL sdfg] ;] eL cflhhÞ\ x} < cfk s] kf; a}7] x'P ;flyof]+ d]+ ;] Ps g] sxf xd d]+ ;] sf]O{ Ps xhÞf/ g]sL s};] sdf ;stf x} < cfk g] km/dfof M jx ;f} af/ t:aLxÞ sx] tf] p; s] lnP Ps xhÞf/ g]sL lnvL hfPuL of -cfk g] km/dfof_ p; s]] Ps xhÞf/ u'gfx ld6f lbo] hfP]+ u] . -d'l:nd $÷@)&#_ .n ¨ ½ n º $ T, ‚ R R P 7 I ^ I 4^ RÂŽ I $K g F I75P,M :G H ÂŒ259 @%(= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M hf] cfbdL R R P 7 I ^ I 4^ RÂŽ I $K g F I75P,M ch+dtf]+ jfnf cNnfx kfs x} ckgL tf/Lkmf]+ s] ;fy . sxtf x} p; s] lnP hGgt d]+ vh"/ sf Ps k]8Þ nuf lbof hftf x} . -lqldh+L %@%!!, xflsd !@!)%, xflsd g] O;] ;xLx sxf x} cf}/ h+xaL g] O;sL k'li6 sL x}, b]lvP ;xLx'n hfldc %@%#!, ;xLx lqldh+L #@!^)_

] @ Ô@ 9 ( -$1) .) Š H 5( # : G H ÂŒ260 g ^ .S ^ ‡F N HL .F I GF P /I .F : H :G H G , # 9 :T e& fn ¨

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٤٤

@^)= gaL g] km/dfof M P] cAb'Nnfx lag\ sÞ}; Sof d}+ t'em] hGgt s] vÞhÞfgf]+ d]+ ;] Ps vÞhÞfgf g atfpmF < d}+ g] sxf of /;"nNnfx Sof]+ gxL+ h¿/ atfo]+ Û cfk g] km/dfofM t'd sxf] g ^ .S ^ ‡F N HL .F I GF P /I .F vYykg dh rkSQhd+ ds fcuk u xqukg ls cpus dh fgEer gS u usdh djus dh rkd+rA ¼cq[kkjh QRgqy ckjh ds lkFk 11@213] eqfLye 4@2076½

M P 7 I $K I g F I75P,M :q ) < ;%\$ c/) : G H ÂŒ261 .*) '#u ‘ "# . M 5I@K )F h I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F I g @^!= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M rf/ slndft cNnfx s] oxf¡ ;a ;] H+ofbf dxÞa"a x}+ M 5I@K )F h I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F I g M P 7 I $K I g F I75P,M cf}/ Og d]+ ;] lh; ;] eL rfxf] z'¿ s/f] sf]O{ x/h gxL+ . -d'l:nd #÷!^*%_

:G H : $ H) %@ È ( :G e& G , < ™ () t d ÂŒ262 g M P 7 I $K I = >^5@F M 5I@K )F h M $F I #^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F : H)) v^ !#^v I $K g !^ .S ^ ‡F N HL .F I GF P /I .F I¶ R $F I $K m J I g F I75P,M = >R?@F V!R$ P R ‚K 4N 'M ! $ K !LH)) :G H f˜ & ™ $ t.¢'& G H ((4^ R\7 I $K ((V^ HK ]M P I V^ R 2P I V^ P /I P I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

٥٤ټ

@^@= Ps cf/faL -lbxftL_ /;"n'Nnfx s] kf; cfof cf}/ sxg] nuf d'em] s'5 snfd l;vfo]+ hf] d}+ sxf sÂżF . cfk g] km/dfof sxf] M = >R?@F g M P 7 I $K I = >^5@F M 5I@K )F h M $F I #^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F ((4^ !R\7 I $K v^ #^v I $K g ^ .S ^ ‡F N HL .F I GF P /I .F IÂś R $F I $K m J I g F I75P,M cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosĂž\ gxL+ jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . cNnfx ;a ;] a8Ăžf x} ax't a8Ăžf cf}/ tdfd tf/Lkm s]jn cNnfx xL s] lnP x} ax't H+ofbf . cNnfx ax't kfs x} hf] ;f/] hxfgf]+ sf /a\ x} . vYykg x+kfyc vkSj fgder okys dh rkSQhd+ ds fcuk u cqjkbZ ls cpus dh fgEer gS u usdh djus dh rkd+rA lbxftL g] sxf ox tf] d]/] /a s] lnP x}+, d]/] lnP Sof x} < cfk g] km/dfof sxf] M ((V^ HK ]M P I V^ R 2P I V^ P /I P I VR$ P R ‚K N4'M $ )) P] cNnfx d'em] aVĂžz b], d'em k/ /xd s/, d'em] lxbfot\ b] cf}/ d'em] /f]hĂžL b] . - d'l:nd $á@)&@ ca" bfpmb g] ox H+ofbf lsof x} ls ha jx lbxftL jfk; hfg] nuf tf] cfk g] km/dfof M O;g] ckg] bf]gf]+ xfy enfO{ ;] e/ lno], !@@@)_

( # ) ) Ă• ‡% $ Ă? $ ( 4 ,) d $ @ ÂŒ263 V^ &R !I( I V^ R !P2 I V^ P /I P I VR$ P R ‚K 4N 'M $ )) :* \$ t.¢Ă† ((V^ HK ]M P I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٤٦

@^#= ha sf]O{ cfbdL d';ndfg xf]tf tf] gaL p;] gdfhÞ l;vft] lkm/ p;] Og slndft s] ;fy b'cf s/g] sf cfb]z b]tM] ((V^ HK ]M P I V^ &R I( I V^ R 2P I V^ P /I P I VR$ P R ‚K 4N 'M $ )) P] cNnfx d'em] aVÞz b] , d'em k/ /xd s/ , d'em] lxbfot\ b], d'em] cflkmot\ b] cf}/ d'em] /f]hÞL b] . - d'l:nd $÷@)&#, d'l:nd sL Ps l/jfot d]+ x} ls ox slndft t]/] lnP t]/L b'lgof cf}/ cflv/t hdf s/ b]+ u] _

. h .S ^ I $F ^ .F : @O$ "&) g M P 7 I $K :t ( $ "&) ÂŒ264 @^$= gaL sf km/dfg x} ls ;a ;] ckmhÞn\ b'cf cnxdb'lnNnfx x} cf}/ ;a ;] ckmh+n ft+Ø| nfOnfxf ONnNnfx x} . -lqldhÞL %÷$^@, OAg] dfhf @@!@$(, xflsd !@%)#, xflsd g] O;] ;xLx sxf x} cf}/ h+xaL g] O;sL k'li6 sL x}, b]lvP ;xLx'n hfldc !@#^@_

h .S ^ I $F ^ .F I g M P 7 I $K I g F I7P5,M :* $ * H 5$ Œ265 g ^ .S ^ ‡F N HL .F I GF P /I .F I M 5I@K )F h I @^%= cn\aflsÞoft':;flnxÞft -cyf{t afsÞL /xg] jfn] g]s cdn\ _ ox x}+ M .F I M !I5@K )F h I h .S ^ I $F ^ .F I g M P 7 I $K I g F I75P,M )) (( g ^ .S ^ ‡F N HL .F I GF P /I

lx:g'n d'l:nd

ูกูคูง

vYykg ikd gS] vkSj lc rkjhQ vYykg ds fy, gS] vkSj vYykg ds flok dksbZ bcknr ds ykbd+ ugha] vkSj vYykg lc ls cM+k gS] vkSj ugha gS cqjkbZ ls cpus dh fgEer vkSj u usdh djus dh rkd+r exj vYykg dh rkSQhd+ lsA -cxdb xbL; g)โ %!# rjrhc vgen 'kkfdj] bldh lun lghg gS] vkSj nsf[k, etemT+t+okbn 1@297] gkfQt+ bCus gtj us cqywx+qy ejke esa bls vcw lbZn dh fjok;r ls ulkbZ ds gokys ls ud+y fd;k gS vkSj Qjek;k gS fd bls bCus fgCcku vkSj gkfde us lghg dgk gSA_

131- uch lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

rLchg dSls i<+rs Fks < ร $ T#) )) :G H ' ( Vp ( 5( ( ย 266 (( ย 5 $ e # @^^= cAb'Nnfx lag\ cd\/ -/lh+oNnfx' cGx'df_ km/dft] x}+ ls d}+ g] gaL sf] ckg] bfo]+ xfy ;] t:aLxร luGft] b]vf . -ca"bfpb zAb s] ;fy @รท*! lqldh+L %@%@! cf}/ b]lvP ;xร Lxร 'n\ hfldc\ $รท@&! xbL; g- $*^%_

132- eq[k+rfyQ usfd;kยก vkSj tkfev vknkc 3!& 4\ 5!8 \& ย 4 ) ) ย $ ย d @ ย 267 !e ย ) 42 _& $ n( , c2 3& O+ / o 6 ยถw o$

lx:g'n d'l:nd

١٤٨

@ ) = e = – # . € o$ 3& 4, @ m

« ) !$ 4, @ 4\ B Ö 4, @ 4\ H ((4\7 + w) = + ' ( p 6 @^&= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M ha /ft sf c+w]/f 5f hfo] of km/dfof ha zfd xf] hfP tf] ckg] aRrf]+ sf] /f]s lnof s/f] Sof]+ls p; ;do z}tfg km}nt] x}+ cf}/ ha /ft sf s'5 lxÞ:;f aLt hfP tf] pGx]+ 5f]8Þ bf], cf}/ lal:dNnfx k9Þ s/ b/jfhÞ] aGb s/ lbof s/f] Sof]+ls z}tfg aGb b/jfhÞf gxL+ vf]ntf, cf}/ cNnfx sf gfd n]s/ ckg] dZsLhÞf]+ s] d'Fx t:d] ;] afFw lbof s/f] cf}/ cNnfx sf gfd n]s/ ckg] a/tg\ 9fFk lbof s/f] rfx] -cu/ 9fFsg] s] lnP s'5 g ldn] tf]_ pg k/ sf]O{ rLhÞ xL /v lbof s/f] cf}/ ckg] lr/fuÞ a'emf lbof s/f] . -a'vf/L kmTx'n af/L s] ;fy !)@**, d'l:nd #@!%(%_

.¶ ÃŒ) 78) $B 9 ( : 5 9 ( ‘ 4 , 9 8

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.