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STUDY G ul DE
USGBC LEED AP Operations
+ lvlaintenance Study Guide
Copyright Copyright @ 2009 by the U.S. Green Building council. All riShts reserued. Tbe U.s. Green Buildi g council, lnc. (USGBC) dcvoted significant time and resources to create this Study
cuide. UscBc authorizes individual
use
ofthe Srudy Cuide.ln exchangc for this authorization, thc user
agrccs:
(l)
to retain all copyf ght and other propr etary noiices contai'r€d in the Study Guide,
(2) not to s€ll or modify the Study G!ide, and (3) not to reproduce, disp ay, or distr bute th€ StLdy Guide in any way lof any pub ic or commer. 2l purpose, Including display on a website or in a networked €nvitonmeni.
unauthorizcd reproducrion or display ofthe Study Guide violatcs coplaight, tlademark, and other l4ws and is prohibited. Redistributing rhc Study Guide on the rhe
intcmet or otherwise reFoducing and/or disftibuting
studyculdeis STR]CTLYprohibitcdevenif offeredfree of charge.
Disclaimer Using the Study Guid€ does not guarantcc a successflrl outcome on the examination which is the subject
of
this Srudy Guide. Thc Study Guidc is provided as-is with no waranty ofan)' kind, either exprcssed or implied,
including, bu! not limit€d to, thc impliedwananties of merchantability and dtness for usc of rhe concepts, examples and information is at
tie
a
particular purPose.
usecs own risk. USGBC docs not ta.kc any respon-
sibilityfordamages that mayarise from the use ofthe Study Guide. The studyGuide is not associated with nor endorsed by the Green Building Cenification Institutc. The knowledge necded to pass the exam should comc from a variety of sourc€s including hands-on experience, instructor-led courses, the relevant LEED Rating S)$tem and thc related LEED refcrcnce 8uidc. The Study Guide is intended to help users structure
thcir studyeffons. As a
condition of usc, the user covenants not to sue and agrees to warve and release the U.S. Green Building
Council,Inc., its officct directors and volunteers from any and all claims, demands, and causes ofaction fbr any injuries, losses, or damages (including, without limitation, failure to pass any Creen Building
tion Institut€ examination) that the user may now or hereafter have
a
right to assett against such pafties
result ofthe usc of, or reliance on, the Study Guidc.
lJ.S. Green Bu ld ng Counc
I
2101 L Street, Nw Suite 500 Washington, DC 20037
Trademark LEED@ is a registered trademark of the
tsBN,
9
/
a-l -9324 44-24 1
Cenifica
u.S. Green Bu dingCouncil.
as
a
USGBC LEED AP Opâ‚Źrations + Maintenance Acknowledgmenls: The USGBC LEED AP Operations + Ivlaintenance Study Guide is a valuable tool for exam candidates planning to attain the O+lV Specialty. We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to those involved in the product on of this resource.
PROJECT TEAM
Green Building Seryices, ldc. (GBS) Caitlin Francis, Prcject Manager and Content Developel Crystaf Benson, Content Developel
Elaine Aye, Principal Hannah Bronfman, Technical Specialist and Content Developer Katrina Shum Mifler, Principal in Charge
Institute for the Built Envilonment (lBE) Brian Dunbar, Educational Consultant Joste Plaut, Educatianal Consu
ltant
Nonobvious Solulions Elizabeth Gasl, Technical lllustrator and Gaphic Designer Eric von Schrader, lnstructional Designer
Prcmetric Exam nation Question Writing Train ng
LEED
Curiculum Committeâ‚Ź Membe6
Draft reviews
USGBC Staff Karol Kaiser, Director of Education Developnent Jacob Robirson, Prciect Manager
The LEED AP O+M Credential Getting Started About the Exam Exam Content Areas Exam Questions
Practice Questions in this Study Guide Study lrps Exam Day Trps
The Rundown The Performance Period
9
lhe
11 12
The Other Particulars
l4
What About Sustainable Sites? SS Overview SS Synergies
Ll
SS Credits & H gh ights SS Key Terms SS Credit Summaries SS Category Review
20
Process The Players
l3
18
I9 21
26 42
SS Learning Activities SS Pract ce Quest ons
43
What About Water Efficiency? WE overuiew WE Synergies
47
WE Credits & Highlights WE Key Terms WE Credit Summaries
44
4B
49 50 51
WE Category Review
52 60
WE Learning Activities WE Practace Questions
62
What About Energy and Atmosphere? EA Overview EA Synergies EA Credits & Highlights EA Key Terms EA Credit Summaries EA Category Review
EA Learning Activitiâ‚Źs EA Practice Questions
63 64 65 66 67 70 92 93 94
What About lVaterials and Resources? MR overview MR Synergies lvlR Credits & HighliShts l\4R Key Terms l\4R Credit Summaries
lrR Category Review l\4R Learning Activities IVR Practice Questions
What About Indoor Environmental Quality? IEQ overview IEO Synergies IEQ credits & Highlights IEQ Key Terms IEQ Credit Summaries IEQ Category Review
IEQ LearninS Activities IEQ Practice Questions
97
98 99 100
l0I
104
126 127 124
129 130
I31 136
t70 171 172
what About Innovation in Operations & Regional Priority? l0 & RP OveNiew l0 & RP Synefgies l0 & RP Credits l0 & RP Key Terms l0 & RP Credit Summaries l0 & RP Category Review l0 & RP Learnlng Activities l0 & RP Practice Questions
t75 r76
Practice Question Answer Key Credit Review Sheet Acronyms and Organizations Exemplary Performance l\ratrix Reference Standard Table LEED 2009 for tuisting Buildings Proiect Checklist
I89 I93
177 171
!77 17a 186 147
I88
194 195 197
205
This study guide is a resource to help you prepare for the LEED AP Operations + Maintenance Examination. lt summarizes the critical points of the LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Rating System in an easy-to-review format. So you can master the content,
it also includes a variety of
study tools, including.review questions, learning activities, and practice questions that use the same format as the actual exam. Congratulations on your decision to pursue the LEED AP Operations
+
Marntenance credential. You are positioning yourself within the marketplace as a professional who is committed to keeping up with
current trends and best practices. As you prepare for the exam, you will be taking what you already know about LEED and green building and developing greater proficiency in an area that is specific and relevant to
your line of work.
.
Accred itation will certify that you have the knowledge and skills necessary
to participate in the LEED application and certification process, hold a firm understanding of green building practices and principles, and are familiar with LEED requirements, resources, and processes. Best of luck on the exam!
GETTING STARTED 0N Y0UR LEED AP
0+M CREDENTIAL
Earning the LEED AP O+M credential requites passing a two-part exam: PART 1: (Also the Green Associate credential)A two-hour exam. Passing Part l atteststothe candidate's knowledge of good envionmental practice and skill, and reflects understanding and support of green design, construct on and operations. lf you have a ready earned the Green Associate credential, you only need to take Pad
ll of the LEED AP 0+l\/ exam. f6o lo
the GBCI website, wwwgbci.otg for details.)!
PART 2: A two hour exam. Pass ng Part 2 attests that the canddate possesses the knowledge and skills necessary to participate in the design process, to support and encourage integrated design, and to streamline the applicatlon and cert ficatior pfocess. You must pass Part 1 before you can take Part
eitl^e'the sane day
STEP
1:
o ol
2.
You may take both parts of the exam on
sepa'ate days.'7
Read the GBcl LEED AP 0+l\4 Candidate Handbooks
at wwwgbci.org to
determine if you meet the eligibility requirements.
2:
STEP
Register for and schedule your exarn
Tipsi
Register with
the
EXACT name
that is on your lD and keep your
confirmation number,
3t
STEP
Access the Reference Documents-* The LEED@AP0perations& MaintenanceCandidate Handbook liststhe primary
'
andarcillaryreferencesihatarethesourcesforexamquestons.Somereferences are available for free download at \Nwwgbci.org, and others can be purchased
at wvvw,usgbc,org,
*Note that Exam reference documents are subject to change as the GBCI exams evolve. Always check the candidate handbooks
forthe most up-to date
lisi of reference documents_ Eram Part 1 (Greâ‚Źn Associate):
Revew the references isted in the Canddate Handbook and consider pu.chasing the "Green Building and LEED Core Concepts Guide" from USGBC. This core resource is now packaged to include the Study Guide for LEED Green Assoclate!
Eram Part 2: (Operations & Maintenance): Primary References: Examination items are developed from these resources.
.
LEED for Opetations & Maintenance Refercnce Guide, either the
2008
or 2009 version. U.S. Green Build ng Counc . (Available for purchase at www usgbc.org/store)
I z 2
LE ED AP Opet atbns + Ma inlerance Cand idate H andb@k IGBCI , 2OO9)
ttio
np
opnan* * riaintnarce
Candidzte Hand.{f,r
USGBC Studv Guide for LEED AP ooeEtlons + lMaintenancâ‚Ź
tc}at. zoos)
.
Sustainable Building Technical Manual:
Pai ll, b\ Anlhony Belnheim
and William Reed, 1996.
.
Guidance on lnnovation & Design
(lD
Caedits, US Green Building
Council,2004.
.
LEED
Online
Sample Crcdit Templates {wwwusgbc.org)
Ancillary Relerences; These are sources for fufthef reading on concepts covered in the primary
references. Exam q!est ons are not written directly from ancillary references, bui they may be cited in a small percentage of exam questions, along with the related primary reference. You should be familiar wjth how
concepts in the ancillary references relate to the LEED rating systems.
.
Ener$/ Star Portfolio Manager, US Environmental Protection Agency. (www.epa.gov)
Sub-Metering Enetgt Use in Colleges and Universities: lncentives and Challenges, US Environmental Protection Agency. (www.epa.gov) ADA Architectural Baftie6
Acl
(Un ted States Access Board. (www
access-board.gov) B
.
uild ings and Plants lenergystar.gov)
ESNA Technical Memoftndum on Light Emifting Diode (LED) Sowces
and Systems, llluminating Engineering Society of North America, 2005. You should also be Iamiliar with the content of the
u.S, Green BuildinS
Council's website, wwwusgbc.org, including, but not limited to, the various LEED Rating Systems, LEED Checklists, LEED Project Registration, LEED
Certif cation content, and the purpose of LEED Online.
STEP
4:
Start studying! Have all of reference documents available as you work throLlgh this study
guide, most importantly the LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Operations and Maintenance. The LEED AP operations + Maintenance Examination is rigorous and challenging, so you need more than this guide to prepare yourself
fully.
i i
rl
Be sure to study the essential resources llsted.
iijil
STUDY GUIDE
LEED AP OPERATIONS + MAINTENANCE
ABOUT THE EXAM
l. Content Areas The Exam has seven major areas of focus that are called out in the Candidate Handbook. Here is how they align with the Rating System credit categories:
Suslainable Sites
(ss)
ll.
.
lV,
Water Managemenl
Pmiect Systens and
Er.i!|ll
Enefgy and Atmosphere (EA)
tmpacts
Acquisition, Installation,
Malerials and Resources
ad ilaMgement of Proiect
(MR)
Materials
V
lmpfovemenls to the Indoor
Vt.
Stakeholder Involvemem in
.,..
Indoor Environmental Quality
tnvttonmenl
lnmvation
Projscl Surroundings and Pullic 0utreach
USGBC Sludy Guide for LEED AP Ope6tions + ilaintenance
@ @
Innovation in operatio||s (10,
& Regional Priority (RP)
ll- Exanl 0uestioirs GBCI exam questions are:
t a 6 a
Developed and validated by global work groups of subject matter experts; Referenced to current stardards and resources; Developed and monitored through psychometric analysisi and Desrgned to sdlrsly the test development specilicalions ot a job analys's.
The questions assess your knowledge at three levels:
a
Recall queslions test your direct knowledge of concepts. This section may require you to define terms or concepts, recall facts, recognize or identify components or
steps n a process, and group items nto categories.
ll
Application questions evaluate your knowLedge of procedures and performance and may require you to demonstrate how things work, perform calculations following a
formula, place components or steps into proper sequence, describe how a process works, and appy a known process of sequence of actons to accomplish a task (such as troubleshooting a problem us ng a detailed checklist).
t
Analysk questions test your reason ing a nd problem-solvingabilities- Such questions may r€quire you to demonstrate an understanding of how things work, cause and
efiect, and underlying rationa e; ana yze problems and dev se appropriate so utionsi
b!ild
a conceptual model of a processi ?oubleshoot a problem without a checklisti
and analyze and solve a problem,
Questions follow consistent tolmats:
a
You
wi
rkely never see
ar "all of the above," "none
of the above," "true/false" or
"what is the best?" type of question on this test, because:
a ' , a
These questions can cause confusion and have ovetlapping answersi The
test s intended to
The question anguage is never intended to be trrcky.
You will likely never see a credil number listed by ilself; any direct reference to a LEED credit will include the
i
be clear and straightforwardi and
full credit name.
lvlost acronyms are spelled out so that you do not need to raemorize all acronyms
you learn.
'
Commonly referenced acronyms may be used (i.e. LEED, ASHRAE, and VoC), so it is still a good ldea to know what these acronyms stand for!
O+M
Overyie{
s
a
You will see some questions w
o
While this is not
th multiple correct answers (for example, a quest on prompting the reader to "select two" responses).
a math test, you will need to have a good understanding of the required calculations and equations associated with compliance to LEED prerequisites and cred ts. The Prometric center will have a built-in calculator on the computer screen for you to use dufing the exam. No outside calculators will be permatted.
PRACTICE OUESTIONS IN THIS STUDY GUIDE Practice questions in thisguide were written by subject matter expertstrained by Prometric,
the testing company who administers the GBCI LEED exams, using the same guidelines as the item writeG for the actual examinations. These practice questions will allow you to become familiar w th exam expectations, format and question type. This should improve your testing skills and alleviate skess on test day, allowing you to focus on core information.
STUDY TIPS You
will learn best if you establish a regular study schedule
over a period of
time.
studying in shorter sessions is more effective for most people than "cramming"
in
Daily long
sessions at the last minute. Studying with a pariner or a Sroup can help yo! stay on sched!le and give you oppodunities to ouiz and drill with each other.
Here's a step-by-step apploach for using your study r€sourcesl
a
Read the Reference Guide, one category at a
time. Don't try to
learn everlthing on
the first oass.
a a a a a
Read the corresponding section in this study guide.
Take notes and highlight key points. Review the other reference materia s that apply to the category. Reread the Reference Guide category.
Utilize the review questions, learning activities, and practice questions in thts gu 0e.
a
6
Continue reviewing and rereading until you are confident you know the material.
USGBC Studv Guide lor IEED APOD€alions + Maint€nance
EXAM DAY TIPS General Strategies
a
Always arrive â‚Źarly and take a moment to relax and reduce your anxiety.
i
Th s br ef time period Use
I
Estimate how mary minltes you
rl^oLgl^ts.
.,
w
I need to finish each test section.
Determine a pace that w ll ens!re that you comp ete the who e test on
t me.
Don't spend too much t me on each question.
lvaintain a positive attitude.
i '
Don't let more difficult questions raise your anxiety and steal your valuable time. lvlove on and find success with other questions. Avoid watching lor patterns. Noticing that the last four answers are
"c" is not
a
boost your conf dence.
Plan how you wi I use the al otted time.
') : I
vli
-fis ri'ne to focJs yoL'nrnd ard th rk posit've
a good reason to stop, go back and break concentration.
Rely on your first impressions. The answer that comes to mind first is often correct.
:-
Nervously reviewing questions and changing answers can do more harm than good.
t
Plan to finish early and have time for review.
.r
Return to difficult questions you marked for review. Make sure you answered all queslions.
Multiple Choice Shategies
a
Formulate your own answer before reading the options.
r
Look at the question and see f you can answer it without ook ng at the cho
ces. Focus on f ndlng an answer witholt the he p of the alternat
ve
options.
a I a
Read all the choices before choosing your answer.
Eliminate un ikely answers f!rst.
Eliminat ng two alternatives q!ickly may ncrease your probability to 50-50 or better.
a
Look for any factor that will make a statement false.
'
lt is easy for the examiner to add a false part to an otherwise true staternent.
O+M
Orenid
7
.)
Test takers often read the quest on and see some
assume that the entire statement is
tr!e.
truth and quickly
For example, "Water boils at
212 degrees in Denver." Water does boil at 212 degrees, bui not at Denver's altitude.
o
Beware that similar answers pfovide a clue, One of them is correcti the other is
disguised.
:r
This is likely not a trick, but make sure you know the exact content being asked.
a
Crnsider the answers carefully.
ll
more than one answer seems correct for a
sinSle-answer question:
()
Ask yourself whether the answer you're considering complete y addresses the question.
(r
lf the answer is on y partly kue or is
trle
only under certain narfow
conditions, t's probably not the right answer.
o
lf you have to make a significant assumption in order for the answer to be true, ask yourself whether this assumption is obvious enough that
everyone would make
a
it. ll not, ignore that answer.
It you suspect that a question is a trick item, make sure you?e not reading too much into the question, and try to avoid imagining detailed scenarios in v,hich
the answer could be true. In most cases, "trick questions" are only tricky because they?e not taken at face value.
c
The test questions will only include relevant content and are not
intended to trick you or test your reading abi ity.
A
USGBC Sludy Guide for LEED AP Operations + Maintenance
OPERATIONS
MAINTENANCE
THE RUNDOWN
The LEED Rating System for Existing Buildrngs: Operations & Maintenance is a set of performance standards for certifying the ongoing operations and maintenance of existing buildings. LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance encourages owners and operators to implement sustarnable practices and reduce the environmental impact of their buildings over their functional life. Specifically, the LEED Rating System addresses:
. a
Exterior building site maintenance; Water use;
a Energy use; a Environmentally preferred products and practices for cleaning facility alterations; a Sustainable purchasing and waste-stream management;
a lndoor environmental quality maintenance; a Policies, programs and plans for ongoing operations;
a
Regional weightings of issues; and
a Innovation in 0perations.
and
0+M
ss
t,vE EA MR rEo
Possiblr Poinls
RP
J
Prer€qubites Credits
rtl
Total
I
s
4
I
s
t5
3
I
50
26
t4
35
t0
l5
6
4
110
35 Pts
o @ o @ (D @
'14 Pts
l0
uscBC Sludv Guide for LEED AP ooeations + rvlaintenance
15 Pts
LEED for Ex st ng Buildings: operations &
l\,4a
ntenance is targeted at single build ngs
that are owner occupied or multi-tenanted, and multiple building campus projects. lt is a whole-building rating system and applies to many types of buildings:
.a a a .
Commefcial bu id ngsi
Institutional
bu rld
irgsi
High-rise residential buildings of all sizes; and Public and private buildlngs.
These include offices, reta
I
and service establshments, lbraries, schools, Tauseums,
churches, hotels and residential buildings of four or more habitable stories.
LEED for Existing Buildingsi Operations & Maintenance is an entry point into the LEED certification process via the following scenarios:
a
Building operations and processes, possible systems upgrades, and minor space, use changes or facilaty alterations or additions; and
a
B!ildings new to LEED ced fication as well as bui dings previously certified under LEE0 for New Constr!ct on (LEED-NC) ard N4alor Renovations, LEED for Schoo s, or LEED for Core and Shell (LEED-CS).
Initial certification versus recertification-what's the difference?
a
lnitial certification:
o
Any first-time certification application to LEED for Existing Buildings: 0perat ons & Maintenance s cons dered initial.
o
This includes applicat ons for both buildrngs never certified lrnder LEED and
buildings previously cedified under LEED for New Construction and
ll,,lajor
Renovations, LEED for Schools, or LEED for Core and Shell.
a
Recertificatror:
o
Any LEED for Ex st ng Build ngs: operat ons &
I\,4a
ntenance appl cation for
a
building p.eviously cedified as such is considered recertification.
o
Recertification applications can occur as frequently as each year but must be
filed at least once every five years.
lf prolects do not recet fy at the f
ve-year mark, the
r next applicat on wi I be considered
an initial ce(if icairon.
Cf@n
Buildine
ll
THE PERFORMANCE PERIOD Applying for LEED for Existing Buildings: operations & Marntenance certification requires pedormance data for the bLrilding and site over the performance period-the continuous, unbroken time during which sustainable opefations performance is being measured.
For initial certilication, performance periods must meet the follolYing guidelines:
o
The performance periods must be a minimum of three months for all prerequisites and credits and a maximum of 24 months.
o
Some pferequls tes and credits have a longer required minimum durationl
Boih EA Prerequisite 2 and EA Credit 1, for example, have a minimum duratiol of o1e year. ia
The performance periods must be continuous and have no gaps in data.
a
All pedormance periods must overlap and terminate within one week of each other.
o
stent start tmes and dlrations of the performanre periods for each prerequisite and credrt are preferred but not req!ired.
Cons
Certification applications must be submitted for review within 60 calendar days of the end of the performance periods.
Ilbh I lromths
LEED
Rel€runc. Guid€lorGrcen Suildins op.rationsand Maintenanc€,2009. hrroduclion, p58.
u.
Sanrole Perio,mance Per od
WE 3, WaterEfl cient Land*aoLn3 SS 6, Stornwate' SS 2. Building
Man4emeit
Ensie
and
Hrd*3pe
I, M n num Indoof Plnb Frlure and F[t ng EJlcieicy
WE
ig
Fol recertification, performance peliods must:
a a
t2
Be cont nuous for the recertificat on of any prerequisite or
Adhere to
the niira certificai on performance
USGBC StudvGuidelor LEEo AP Ooerations + Maintenance
crediti and
per od rules for any new credits.
PROCESS:
. .
. obta
2
. .
. Veit critical
Perfo(m gap analysis Pefform initial co6t benefit ana ysrs
n dec sion rnak€r buy" n
. obiain .
decision maker buy-an Register the prciect, assiSn rcles in LEElonline Reassign tasls and adjust
.
Repeat aud
.
t
4
as needed
Knowing the phases and tasks involved
Initiate best practice elernents of the plan
. .
Colleci data Compl€te sel goals Review cost-b€nelit analysis
.
Hold iharette Refine cost-benetit analysis
in
LEED
plan elements
.
. .
Initiate performance p€riod Perfofin linal analysis and compilation of data Complete review period
.
Recerti
.
for Existing Euildings: operations
Maintenance are key lo understanding the certification process. These phases and tasks comprise the Iollowing:
a a a a a
Audit; Plan; Program deve opmenti
Performanceperiod/certificatron;ard Education/fecertification.
Gr€en Building
l3
THE PLAYERS: Facilities Management Roles & Resp0nsibilities
lJnderstand ng how a building is operated requ res understanding the respons ble part es involved n building management:
a . a a a a a o a
l4
Facility IVanager; Building Engineeri Property l\ranager: Groundskeeperi Cusiod
a
Staffi
ownefi Informat on Technology Personneli Security Personnelj and Occupant.
USGBC Studv Guide lor LEED AP OErations + Mainlenance
THE OTHER PARTICULARS There are other basic elements nvo ved [,4aintenance certificat
of that aren't
in
LEED
for
Ex
st ng Build ngs: operai ons &
addressed in any one spec f]c credit but are ntegral
to the entire rating system. These inc ude:
Genelal submittals: The ceneral S!bmittal Template asks for bas c building lnformation and raLrst be completed
and uploaded to LEED 0rline. Ths temp ate, which also requires the uploading of basic b!ilding docurnents, drawings and plans, must be cons stent across all submitted documentation,
Full-lime Equivalent (FTE)l It is impodant to establish the occupancy demands on a prcject eafly because this number
will impact the approach taken on some
LEED prerequisites and credits and this number
should be used consistently in LEED documentalion. Calculate the FTE for both full time and part-time employees, assuming that an 8-hour occupant has a FfE value of 1.0; part-
time occupants have a FTE value based on Occupancy period (typically 8 hours). Equation: FTE occupants
-
lhei
hours per day divided by the standard
Occupant HourdS
Credit Interpretation Requests and Rulings (ClRs): ClRs were established for project applicants seeking technical and administrative guidance
on how LEED credits apply to their projects and vice versa. lt is important for proiect teams
to be aware of previous ClRs as the project must adhere to the ClRs current at the time oI registration in addition to the ruling received for the own ClRs. ClRs must be formally submitted online. Here's what you need to know abolt ClRs:
Do your homeworkl Critica
ly review the irtent of the
credrVprerequisite and
determine whether yo! are meeting the intent. Look into a I availabe resources such as the LEED Reference Guide, previols ClRs, and contact LEED clstomer service to conf rm youf situat on warfants a new ClR. Properly submit your C Rl
Donot nc ude unnecessary
or confident
a
information,
only provide what s essential. 0n y request guidance on one credit or prerequisite
with pert nent backgrourd informat on I mited to 600 words. No attachments are acce0te0l
No guaranteel ClRs do not guarantee credt award and you will still have to demonstrate and document ach evement during the certificat on process.
Green Bu idinS
l5
Multi-tenant buildingsr Any project that is a
mllt {enant bulld ng may e)(empt up to 10 % of the total
Sross floor space. Calculate this area by div ding the project's ncluded floor space by the total gross floor space.
Facility alterations and additions: LEED
for Existing Buildings:
operat ons
and
Ma ntenance has
a very specific deflnition
for
facility alterations and additions. lt referc to changes that affect leaseable space in the building. Mechanical, electrical or plumbing system upgrades that involve no disruption to usable space are exclud€d. Candida'tes should be sure to review this definition from the LEED-EB O&M Ratine
System-lntroduction in detail.
LEED for Eristing Buildings Opelations & Maintenance Policy Model: Any policies required throughout the LEED for Existing Buildings Operations & lMaintenance Rating System must, ala minimum, contain the following components listed the LEED for Existing Buildings operataons & Maintenance Policy lrodei:
a a a a . a
Scope;
Pedormance metric; Goals;
Procedures and strategies; Responsible partyi and
]ime period.
Knowingeach of these policy com ponents will enable the candidate to understand the credit-sp€cific policies more clearly.
16
USGBC Studv Gu d€ fof LEED AP ooemtions + l4aintenance
The Sustainable Sites (SS) categoryaddresses the
implementation of long-term site maintenance oractices and rewards sites with sustainable site development strategies in place. This category is important because environmental damage to a site and the negative effects of site development may take years to remedy, Each cfedit promotes fesponsible, innovative and practical slte design and maintenance strategies that are sensitive to plants, wildlite and water and air quality.
WHAT ABOUT SUSTAINABLE SITES?
it
Why do we care about light pollution?
-ji !-'
What are the environmental consequences of your daily commute?
,,ii:
What causes inner city air temperatures to rise above the
v
surounding areas?
fir-,
'':-'
When rain falls on a building site, what happens to that water and where does it go?
t7
OVERVIEW The Sustainable Sites category focuses on the proper maintenance and handling of a site to avoid permanent environmental darnage and pfomotes the following sustainable measures:
a o a a a a a a
lE
USGBC
lmplementing effective grounds management; Practicing low-impact hardscapâ‚Ź strategies; Planiing sustainable landscapes; Reduc ng emissions assoc ated with Vanspoltationi
Protecting surrounding habitatsi Managing storm\flater runoff; Reducing the heat island etfect; and
Eliminating light pollution.
SludvGuidefof LEEDAP Ooelations+ IUaintenance
These categories of locus prohote responsible, innovative and practacal site design strategies that
are sensitive to plants, wildlife, water and air quality. lnplementing features is the first step in avoiding the long-term effects of environmental site damage. Keep in mind that these strategies will
orly succeed in conjunction with sustainable site maintenance practlces.
It
s equaly important to recognize the broad-reaching effects of effective site management and the implementation of besl management practices. Inlernal maintenance and facility staff, along
with any contractors or vendors, will be critical to ensuring that site maintenance practices arâ‚Ź followed lhroughout the performance period for many credits. Successful, sustainablâ‚Ź exterior site maintenance can also rmprove indoor environmental quality, and appropriate lighting and surtaces can improve safety. When documenting sustainable site practices dudng the performance period, the project team should co Iect basic site rnformation, such as sqlare footages of hardscape, vegetative area, roof area, building footprint and the LEED Boundary, and ensure this information is consistent across all
credits. Additionally, be aware of local codes and standards that may affect the plans and programs in place for site, building exterior and transportation management.
SYNERGIES Illaintenance of a building s site is a fundamenta
I
component of comprehensive, sustainable building
operat ons. Sett ng up p ans and policies for s te rnaintenance can complernent design strategies
tor an environmentally sensitive building site. Think about how the credits are related to each other
and how they interact-managemert plans, landscaping, water use, site development, stormwater management and solid waste management.
Additionally, be a\,rare how site development strategies interact. A site with approplate vegetative features
wil
allow for the allocation of greenspaces, as well as assist in stormwater retentron and a
reduction in the urban heat island effect. Credits addressed here can also assist in the achievement
of credits n other categories, such as reducing ifngation water use, or saving on building cooling costs by decreasing urban heat islands.
19
SUSTAINABLE SITE CREDITS
1 sS credit 2 ss cred,t 3 ss credit
LEED Certilied Design and Construction
Building Exterior and Hardscape l\4anagement Plan Integrated Pest lranagement, Erosion Control, and Landscape l\,'lanagement Plan
4 Alternative Commuting Transportation sS credit 5 Slte Development-Protect or Restore open Habitat SS Credat 6 Stormwater Quantity Control SS Credit 7.1 Heat lsland Reduction-Nonroof SS Credit 7.2 Heat lsland Reduction-Roof SS Credit I Light Pollution Reduction ss credit
CATEGORY HIGHLIGHTS
o a
No prerequisites in this category! There are several equations (on five credits out of these equations.
nine). Make sure you pay attention to
o
lvore than half of the available points in this category can be earned in one credit, SS 4 Alternative Commuting Transportation, which has up to 15 points available. Knowledge of survey design and sampling is needed to earn these points.
r
SS 4 also has the only referenced standards an the category (other than LEED, './hich is referenced in SS 1). The SS 4 standards you should be aware of are:
c
California Air Resources Boa.d, Definition of Zero-Emission Vehicle;
o
American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, The ACEEE Green Book@; The Environmental Guide to Cars and Trucksi and
i
20
South Coast Air Quality l\4anagement District, Rule 2202.
USGBC SludvGuide
lof LEED AP Ooeations + Maintenance
KEY TERMS Adapted (or introduced)
vegetalion
Plants that reliably grow we I ii a g ven habitat with m nimal w nter protection, pesi contro , lert ization, or ifl gat on once th€ir root systems are establ shed,
131':'J',"M__
Alhedo
See solar rcflectance.
^*rr*;*tt.*
Use low-polluting, nongasoline tuels such as electricity, hydrogen, propane, compressed naturalgas, liquid naturalgas, methanol, and ethanol. In LEED, effici€nt gaeelectric hybrid vehicles are included in this group.
Best nanagemcnt practices (BMPs)
Policies, practices, procedures, or structures implement€d to mitrgate adveBe envrronmenta €ffects. lJsLrally, BlllPs are applred as a system of practices rath€r
thanasngepractce, Building lootprint
The area on a project site used by the building sifLctLre, defined by the perimetel ol the build ng plan. Pafking ots, landscapes, and other nonbu ding facilities are noi nc uded in the bLrilding tooiprint.
Chemical runofl
Water that transporls chemicals from the buildang landscape, as well as
surounding streets and parking lots, to ivers and lakes. Runoff chemicals may includ€ gasolane, oil, antifreeze, and salts. Conveyance
sy$la(5)
Drainage facilities, both natlraland human made. which collect, contain, and provide forthe flow of surface water and urban runoff from the highest points on the land down to a receiving water, The natural elements of the conveyance system nc lde swales and small drainage courses, streams, rivers, akes, and wet ands. Th€ hLrman made elements of the conveyance system include gutters, ditches, pipes, channels, and most retention/deteni on facl ities.
oi
and that dra ns water to a part cu ar point, typically a watefbody.
Drainage area
An area
0rawdown
The change rn head or water level relative to background condition, indicating the difference in head which has occurred at a given location relalive an inilial time at
Ercsion
A combination of processes or events by which materials of the earth's surface are loos€ned, dissolved, or worn away and transported by natural agents (e.9., water, wind, or gmvity).
tootcandle (fc)
A measure of I ght fall ng on a Siven surface. 0ne iootcandle is dei ned as the quantiiy of light falling on a l-sqlarejoot area from a 1 candela ight source at a distance of 1 foot (wh ch equals 1 lum€n p€r square foot). Footcand es can be measured both hor zontal y and veriically by a footcandle meter or light meter.
Fully shielded exlerior light fixture,
A f xtLre in which the lower edg€ of th€ shield is at or below lamp, such that all light shines down.
Hardscape
The inanimate elemenls of the building landscaping. Examples include pavement, roadways, ston€ walls, concrcte paths and sidewalks, and concrete, bricl, and tile
the
owest edge of the
2l
KEY TERMS lmpeNious surfac€s
of ess than 50% and prornote rLrnoff of wat€r instead of infiltrat on into the subsurface. Examp es nc ude pafking lots, roads, s dewalks, and D azas.
l
The coordinated use
Surfaces w th a perv ousness
of knowledge about pests, the envrronment, and pest prevention and control methods to minimize pest infestation and damage by the most economical means while minimizing hazads to p€ople, prcp€rty, and the
egratsd Psst managemed (lPM)
I.EEl)
A faiing system that recognizesthe unique nature ot the design and construction of K-12 schools by addrcss ng ssLres such as classroorn acoustrcs, master p annrng, mold preveniion and €nv ronrn€nlal slte assessment.
tor Schools
The green benchmark for the tenant impfovernent market. t is the r€cogn z€d system for certifyirS high-performanc€ green nierorsthatare hea thy, productve places to work; are less costy to operate and maintain; and have a reduc€d environrnental footprint. LEED fof Commercia Inierors gves the power to make sustainab e choic€s to t€nants and designers, who do not always have control over whole building operatrons.
for Commercial Interiors (LEED-Cl) LEE0
LEED
to. Co.! & Shell
0.EED-CS)
LEED
for l{ew Construction
Rating Systen (LEED- C)
A green building Gting ststem for designeA, builders, developers and new building owners who wantto address sustainable design for new core and shellconstruction. The LEEDforCore & Shell Rating System acknowledgesthe limitationsof developers in a speculatively developed building and encourag€s the implementation ol green design and construction practices in areas over which the developer has control.
b! ding rat ng systern designed io gu de and d st nguish high-p€rformance al and instiiut onal proj€cts, ncuding oifice buildings, high rise resid€ntial b! dings, government bu d ngs, fecreationa iac lit es, manlfactLrr ng A green
commerc
planis and laboratories.
Light pollulion
Waste light from building sites that produces g are, s d rected upward to the sky, or is darected oll the siie. Waste |ght does not increase nighttime safety, utilrty, or security and needlessly consumes energy.
Light lresDass
Obtrusive light that is unwanted becaus€ of quantitative, directional, or spectral attributes, Light trespass can cause annoyance, discomlod, distraction, or loss of
visibility.
22
t{ative (or indigenous) vegelalion
that are adapted io a given area dur ng a defined t m€ pefrod and are not rrvas vF. l. Noth A.1e1ca t'e re rr o'en r"'Frs -o plrrrs growr.S rr a rFgron p, o to ihe time ol sett emeit by p€op e of Europ€an descent.
open-grid pavomont
Pavementthat lessthan 50% mpervious and accommodates vegetat on ntheopen
Panially shi€lded enerior
lightfinure
A fixture in which the lower edge of the shield is at or below the centefllne of ih€ lamp, to minimize light emitted above the horizontal plane.
PerYious SUdaCe
Any land area wathin the sample site which
USCBC Sludv Guide
P ants
ior LEED AP oDerations + Nlainlenanc€
as
gr€en and growing.
KEY TERMS Preferred parking
Designated spaces clos€ to the building (asade from designated fiandicapped spots), des gnated covefed spaces, discounted parking passes, and guaranieed pass€s in
Sedim€ntation
The addiiron of soil
Solar retleclance (or albedo)
A measure oi the abi ty oi a surface mater alto ref ect sunlght- vis bl€, inirar€d, and uLtraviolet wavelengths--on a scale of 0 to 1 Solar reflectance is also called albedo. Black paint has a solar reflectance of 0i whate paint {titanium dioxide) has a solar ref ectance oi 1.
Solar rcflectance indgx
abilityto reject so ar heat, as shown by a srna ll tem perature rrse. Standard black (relleciance 0.05, emittance O.90) is 0 and standard white (reflectance 0.8O, emittance 0.90) is 100. For example, a standard black surface has a temperatlre fise of 90"F (50'C) in full sun, and a siandafd wh te sudace has a iemperaturc rise of 14.6'F (8.1-C). Once the marimum temperature rise of a given mateial has been computed, the SRI can be calculated by lnterpolating beiw€en th€ va Lres ior whlte and b ack. l4aterials wiih the highest SRI values are the coolest choices lor paving. Because ot the way SRI is defined, particularly hot rnater als can even take slightly negat ve values, and part cu af y cool materials can even exceed 100. (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Cool Rooiing l\raterials
(SRD
particlesto water bodies bv naturaland human-related achvities. Sedimentation often decreas€s water quality and can accelerate the aging process of lakes, r vers, and streams,
A measure of a material s
Database)
Stntilisd randoil sampling
A statastical method that categorizes members of a population into discrete subgroups, based on clraracterist cs that may afiect th€r responses to a suru€y. For example, a survey of building occupants' commuiing behavior might sepamte
p€ople by income level and commuting distance. To yield representative resllts, the suruey shou d sample subgfoups accofding to their propoftions in the total
Systematic sampling
Two-year, 24-hour design
storm
A staiisiical method that suNeys every xth person in a population, using a constant skip interual. lt relaes on randon sampling order or an order with no direct re at onship to ihe vaflable under aralysis (e.g., alphabetical order when sampling f or commuting behavior).
A naiionally accepled rate that represents the largest amouni of fainfall erpected duringa 2 year int€ al. The mte isthe basisfor planflingand
over a 24-hoLrrperiod
designing stormwater management facilii es and i€atures.
Universal notif ication
Notifylng building occupants not less than 72 hours before a pest cide s app ied in a building or on surrounding grounds under normal conditions, and within 24 hours after application of a pesticide in eme€ency conditions. lJse of a least toxic pestrcrde or self coniained nonrodent bait does not requrre un versa notficationi all bther p€sticide applications do.
Veget ted rool
A rooi ihat is partially or completely covered with veg€taiion and soil, of a growing med,!m, planted over a waterproofing membrane
KEY TERMS
INTEN
LEED FOR NEI]V CONSTRUCTION
To reward environmentally sensitive building design and conshuctjon, thereby enabling high-performance building operations to be achieved
LEED FOR CORE & SHEII.
rnore eas ly,
TEEO FOR COMMERCIAT II{TERIORS
LEEO FOR SCHOOLS
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
u.S. Green Building councll,
Demonsirate that the bu lding has prev ously been certified under LEED lor New Crnstruction or LEED for Schools. Buildings that have prevrously been cedified under LEED lor Core & Shell can earn this credit as well, but at least 75 % of the floor area must also be cedified under LEED for
Leade6hip in Energy and Environmental Design (LtED).
Commercial Interiors.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
Based on theirdeslgn features
Remernber the el gible certif ications:
and installed equipment, p.oject buildings that have previously
a a r
lIlD cedification arc lihelyto be well-situated lo ean credits under LEED lor Ex sting achieved
Buildings 0&M.
LEED for New Construction LEED for Schools LEED for Core & Shell and at least 75% of the interior floor area is LEED for commercial Interiors
Whatever the ratingsystem, compare the scorecard with the LEED-EB 0&lV
Rating System. l\rany credits build on the existing building's capabilities and attributes and are therefore easi y ach eved.
24
USGBC Studv Gulde for LEED AP ODeralons + lvla ntenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
a a
TIME LINUTEAM
Keep copies of the original re evant USGBC Certificatior Scorecard, More is required for a LEED fof Core & Shell and LEED for Commercial Interiors building. Keep an ongoing list of the interior spaces within
the building that have earned LEED-CI certification and their tloor arcas.
Calculations are ofly required for LEED for Core & She I bulldings and are straightfolwardr Prove that at least 75 % of the interior floor area is LEED for Commercial lnteriors certif ied: %
LEE04 C€nili€d Sp*e
TOTAI
LEED4I GNiiiEd
GB
Proj*rss Total Gr6
FIOd
A@
Fld&€
J :b I -
t
I
{
NOTES LEtD ced tication during building des gn and c0nstfuction signifieslhal
the building ownersand tenants have alEadytalen significant steps to{ard sustainability.
Sustalnable Sit€s
KEY TERMS
INTENT
HARDSCAPE
To encourage env ronmentally sensltive building exterior and hardscape management practlces that provide a clean, wel maintained and safe building exterior while supporting high-performance building operations.
CHTMICAL RUI{-OFF
BTSI
I{A
AGEIiIEIIT PRACTICES
REOUIREMENTS
STANDARDS
Employ an exterior and building hardscape management plan that addresses maintenance equipment, snow and ice removal, cleaninS ot the building exterior, paints and sealants used on the building exterior, and cleaning of hardscapes on the building and Srounds.
llone
RELATED CREOITS
@ii:,1frx'!J,,l;fih,,
IMPLEMENTATION
a
Cleaning Equipment IEQ
Credit 3.5: Greei
Cleaning-
Indoor Chemical
o
and Pollut,nt Source Control
ItQ Credit 3.6:Green
Cleaning-
a
Indoor Integrated
Pest Management
26
USGBC SludvGuiderof LEED AP
oevelopanenvironmentally low impact buildingexteriorand hardscape management plan that addresses all the appllcable 0perational elements listed in the cred t requirements. No snow on the site? No problem! Teams can exclude operational elements as longastheycan justifythatthe elements are inapplicable. lt's 0X if environmâ‚Źntally sensitive practices are not used exclusively. The team need only demonstrate that the preferred practices were used at east 20olo of the time over the performance period.
ooeEtions+ rvainten6ncâ‚Ź
TIME LINUTEAM
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Retain a copy of the plan and record the dates during which it was implemented. Be sure to note how and to what extent each operational element employed compares with standard practices. Trhl.
1
P4c
10. Env
LEED Relerencr Guld.lorGre€n Building op€rrllom& Malnl.nrnce, 2009. ronmenia mpacts of Steand Bu ldingExie.lor Managem€nt Pradces
riomthe
a
'rf
Ai maland
Vesetat od Pesl Coitro
Excessive water use Jof as lrcatment and
C.itamjnation
Clean nc or
auidi^e Et|efiof
inref€rc with local
-
Useol toxic chem cals poses a rskloolher pants anmas
@ll
Snm Re@al (*h€'e dpprcable)
en
ii$lion
burdens the water
eupp,
|iANA6ER |,iANA6ER
I
tr
r-fl
Noi*, misioE, eil cmp*rim
U*
FAc L|IY LtrY
&-
P.r.nri.t r|ec't@ Enrionmt l lmD*t
ol mn natirc or inEsiE pl.nls
i""ffi"-*r -
as
ddrcry sy5tems
of Erouidwaleri degEd.nion ot lake.
n€r, and
Snd me[ins chemicals on b. hamful to vesetalion, p.llut€ water bodies, and itrilale lh€ ot pet5
ps
cleaniry @mpound3can hrm veSelalion and pollule Many or these produch conlaln
vocs
NOTES Building exterior and hardscape management plans !ary by reg!onal
climate. Forexanrp e, in verycold and sno$y regions, iacillty managers
sho!ld identit deicing melhods that arc effective and have manim,l impacl on the local ecosysten. In regions subjectto drought, ninimizing water use lor cleaoing hadscapes and building exteioE is important and provides incenlives lor ustng nonpotab e sources.
KEY TERMS
INTE NT
EROSION INTEGRATED PTST ItlANAGEI\4ENT (IPI\4)
To preserue ecologica integrity, enhance natura diversity and protect wild ife while suppoting high-perfofmance building operations and iniegration into the surounding landscape.
SIDIMEI{TATION UIIIVERSAT NOTIFICATION
STANDARDS
REOUIREMENTS
None
Have in place a management plan for the site's natural components that
employs best mana8ement practices regarding ouldoor integrated pest management, erosion and sedimentation control, diversion of landscape waste from the waste stream and chemical fertilizer use.
RELATED CREDITS SS
Credit 5: Site
Development-Protect or Restore 0pen
(9)
a
flabilat
oi:.';iil"Hlli*"' O
IMPLEMENTATION
o
l,'"lf Xl'1,*"-'n.''
oetermine which parts of the credit requirements are applicable to the project and implement a management plan accordingly.
outdoor integrated pest manag€ment should focus on keeping the site's animal and insect pest populations under controland preventing psts from entering the building. Strategies include:
o
Nontoxic and least-toxic methods for pest monitoring and manag€ment.
a, Universal notificat on; This is required before
use of a pestic de other than a nantoxic or leasftox c pest cide, except in emefgency situaiions. ll emergency applicaiions ar€ necessary, notice must b€ given io occupants within 24 hou6 ol the application.
ili,?'iil;ft fJiil,"*,. Pesi Managemeni
J
Focusing on mooitoring and managing the building envelope.
landsaaping featufes and invasive plants.
a
Erosion and sedimentation control should lnclude three items:
c
! rr
2A
USGBC Studv Gurde
ongo ng landscape operat ons: focus on mairtaining s opes and drainage iacilities. Future construction activity: adopt stabilization meas0res and structural controls. Other erosion and sedimentation operational practices: monitor build ngdrainage infrasiructure, loose soi and ground covef, andclean Lrp major sedimertat on on hardscape.
ior LEED AP oDerations + l\,laintenance
TIME LINE/TEAM
IMPLEMENTATION, CONTINUED
t
Have a plan for landscape diveGion:
i,'
a
lJs€ mulching mowers, wood chippers, and on- or off-site composting. Incinerating landscape waste is not a valid diversion rnethod l]nless the waste is bufned as biofuel for energy product on,
using tertilizers on an
as-needed basas; and
',r ForfertilizeE,
ke€ping allchemicalus€ at least 25 feet from any water body and, if usinS synthetic fertilizers, choosing slow"release formulas.
a
qf#."11""'J::::!-EF
IJ tr
N4inimize chemical fertilizer use by:
:-- Installinc native and adaptive plants and only
E
- J
alarllrY rn^Naa,{ifi
Record keeping is necessary to document the bu ld ng management's ongoing compllarce with the plan.
(j
ltb OK if envircnmentally sensitive practices are not used exclusively, the team just has to demonstrate that the prcfered practices were used at least 20% of the time over the performance peraod.
NOTES Integrated pest management, erosion
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Retain a copy of the plan and record the dates during which it was implemented. Be sure to note how and to what extent each operational element employed compares with standard practices.
control and landscape management will vary greatly depending on the locati0n 0fthe project site. The project team shduld delermine tl|e erosion and sedimentation conlml fieasures
lhat are nost aDpop ale lorthe proiect site. Proiect sites adjacent lo environmentally sensitive areas, such as lakes, st.eams and deep slopes, or
in regions subjedto damaging siorms may need especia ly rcb0st erosion and sedimentation conkol measurcs.
29
KEY TERMS
INTE NT
ArTm
To
ATtVt FUttVtHtCtES
reduce pollution and land development impactfrom automobile commuting.
PREFTRRED PAR|(II'IG SYSTEi/IATIC SAIVPLING
SIRATIF ED RANDOM SAMPLING
REQUIREMENTS
STANDARDS
Reduce the number of commuting roundlrips made by regular building occupants dsing single-occupant, conventionally powered and conventionally fueled vehicles by the following percentages
Calilornia Air Resources Board, Definition ol ZerGEm ission Vehicle American Council for an Ineryy
ttlic ent
Economy, The ACTEE Green
Book@: Tlr€ Environmental Guide to
10%
25.OO1"
13 75%
3L 25%
a
37 50%
9
Cars and Trucks
56 251"
l0
62 5A%
ll
68 751"
t2
13
15
2r.251" South Coast Air Quality Management
Performance is measured by suweying occupants and is relative toa baseline
Distdct, Rule 2202
case that assumes automobiles.
RELATED CREDITS SS
a
Crcdit 5, Site
Development Proteci or Restore 0pen Habiiat
a a
.9i:ffi1'll;:"***' oil,1,T1J,11,1.'J"i"'
options
I
all regular occupants commute alone in
conventional
and 2: Pafticipate in local or regional commute reduction
programs.
0ption 3: Perform occupant surveying outside of participation n
The surveying rules are somewhat complicated. Here are some rules to remember: a-,
The survey must be conducted eithef each day over five consecutive
.i
Ih€re are two options for surveying occupants: either survey the €nlire
o
population of regLrlar occupants, of survey a randomly selected, staiistically represeniative samp e oi the building populaiion. With elther option, ar 80% response rate s ne€ded n order to €xtrapolate the daia over the rest of tlre bu d ng population.
wo*days or al lhe conclusion of five consecutive uorkdays.
IMPLEMENTATION To increase alternative commuting rnethods, consider the following:
a a t
30
USGBC
Stldy
Gu de
a
formal program,
Incentivesi Infrastructure; and Programs.
fof LEEo AP operalons + Ma ntenance
IIME LINENEAM
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS For documentation purposes, keep informatlon on the transportation program that verifies program req!irements ard ary informatior about the rnekics or protocols !sed for determining reductions n commuting trips.
lf an informal transportation suruey is adminislered, create a summary of the employee commuting data and a description of the data collection methodology.
Surueyrng the entre population s not necessaryi a randomly se ected representative sample can be used as long as s large enough- [Jse th s formuLa from the reference g!ide to determine the required minimum sample size is:
t
tqurton lrom
fi.lEt t
teErce turd. ior Gr..n turldh! Op..ttion! & [aid.mnce, 2009.
P4.29Reqtrred Randoh Sampe
Sizo =
(ri or Fesu a ocupantX 752)
(r
ot
F.run
o@ueaib
+
752)
NOTES
EXampre:
The BBOIV Corporation uses a compressed workweek at its headquaters bui dirg. 0f the 100 bui ding occupants, 60% fo low the compressed work week schedule io Table 4.
{t! UtD LLErce cuid. ior Gru.n Suildirq 0per'tion3 & U.id.nancs, 2!XXI 31. Compâ‚Źssed Wo|k Week schedule:4 lo-Hour Days. LUG 4 lrom
P.t!
Nearly43 % ofAnrerica's energy resources are consume0
Dy
trans0odation activities. Reducing mnventional commuti|lg will decrease mnsumption aod greenhouse gases related to transportation.
The 4xlo-hour schedule allows for I day off every week. (The extn day off is at the discretion of the $/orker and the organization, and does not necessarily have to be on Friday.) Workers with a regular schedLrle make 400 trips to and from the bu lding each week (40 occupants x 2 trips per day x 5 days per week), and those with a compressed schedule make 480 trips to and from the building each week (60 occupants x 2 trips per day x 4 daF per week). lf all occupants worked a regular schedule, the number oI weekly commute trips would be 1,00o per week (100 occupants x 2 trips per day x 4 days pâ‚Źr week). Even
though all occupants use single-occupant vehicles to travel lo work, the compressed workweek reduces cofirmute kips by l2%, earn ng 3 points.
3l
KEY TERMS
INTENT
BIJILDING FOO]PRINT
To conserue ex strng natural site areas and restore damaged site areas to
NAIIVE VEGETAIION
provide habitat and promote biodiversity.
ADANEO VEGETATIOI{
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
flone
Dur ng the performance period, have n p ace native or adapted vegetation covering a mrnimum of 2570 of the area not in the buildjnS footprint or 5 o/6 of the total site area (including the building footprino, whichever is greater. off-site areas with native or adapted plants can contribute toward this credit. Every 2 square feet off-site can be counted as 1 square foot ot on-site area.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
SS Credit 3: Integraled
a
Pest Management, Erosion
Control,,nd Landscape
o
Management Plan
a
i,lflT"'i,fi1'-*n'
a
cD;:fillil,fflii"'
Whenever possible, preserve existing native and/or adapted vegetation on the site.
Obtain a list of native and/or adapted vegetation for your region and select the project's plant palette based on that list.
Oft-site areas can be under the same ownership as the project or can be imDroved or maintained as Dart of a contract between the off-site landowner and the LEED project owner,
,oi:,'Jil'3|ff'oo" ,o,
I;:f:l,:,*"'n'''"'
USGBC Sludv Guide
ior LEED AP ooemiions + Maintenance
DOCUMEN1ATION & CALCULATIONS
a o
Provide a site plan showing vegetation.
LINE/TEAM
the location of native and/or adapted
,r
lf ihe area is not under conhol of the LEED project owner, provide
a
contract demonslrating management of any off-site areas.
a
To determine if you meet the requirements you
will need to know the
values of: project site area, building footprint, and.the size ot on-site and/or off-site areas with native or adapted vegetation. This can be achieved through any combination of on-site and off-site naturalareas. It is important to remember when you are calculating this that offsite conlributing areas are at hall value so you must first divide that number by 2! E{uatior I fi.n o. uiED n.br.ic. Grid. for P4! 3!. Minimum NaturalSite AEa.
n"l;l'l:* +
E!.n luildl||i op.r.lio||t
0.5 (orsire N.rurararca)
>
0.25
(
rot"r
&
sit"
P4.3E
t|.
UEo
R.hr!nc.
Guirh
bf Gt..n &ildlnl S.f'tlont
I
I*.
fl.inbnmo., 2009.
-
For prcjects in urban sites with little or no building setback (i.e., zero lot lin€), this credit may be earned by osing vegetated roof surlaces that cover at least 5% of the total site area. Roof plantings must meet the delinition of native or adapted. Equ.lion 2 ftom
-\-. o{NEq tI ] -rFpnOpEnty MANAcEIt-r4,L't i,rlifli I \
NOIES I{one
[|inbmnc., 2m9.
rUinimum NatuEl Vegetaled Rool for Zerc Lot Lin€ Euildings.
Natublv.g.t l€d R6l
Arca >
0.5 (Tot l sile
4.4)
Sustaanable Siles
33
KEY TERMS
INTENT
]MPERVIOUS SURFACES
MO.YEAR, 24.HOUR DESIGN
STORI\4
To lm t disruption of natural hydrology by reducing impervious cover, ncreasing on-s te nfitration, reducing or eliminating pollution from stormwater runoff and eliminating contam nants.
DRAWDOWN
DRAINACEARIA
coNvIYANct sYSlfl\4(s)
REQUIREMENTS STANDARDS None
RELATED CREDITS CEdit 5, Site Development-+mtect or Restore open Habitat
SS
o
SS Credit 7.1, Heat lsland
Duringthe performance period, implement a stormwater management plan that infiltrates, collects and reuses runoff or evapotranspirates runoff from at least 15% of the precipitation falling on the whole project site. Be sure to employ an annual siormwater management inspeclion program.
IMPLEMENTATION
o
for stormwater inf rastructure.
a
Reduction--J,lonrcol SS Crcd't 7.2, Heat lsland
@ R€duction-Rool
34
Native/adaptive vegetation and pervious surfaces can significantly contribute to effective stormwater manasement and reduce the need
a
Harvested rainwater can be reused for irrigation and/or indoor nonpotable water applications, thereby redlcing the project's potable water requirements.
The stormwater management inspection program should document nspections. lssues identified in the inspection must be addressed wlth n 60 days of the inspection.
USGBC Studv Guide for LEED AP ODe.ations + Maintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
LINE/TEAM
For documentation purposes, keep a copy of any stormwater assessment report or use the LEED EB O&lV Stormwater Manag€ment Calculator. Be sure to keep copies of the results of the most recent stormwater system inspect on, inclld ng ssues dentif ed and addressed within 60 days.
The calculation includes both an average weather year and the two year, 24-hour design storrn. There are three equahons to know: How much ate you captLrr rg? Equ.tior
1
tton
li.
tfED
R.Lr!i.r
Guide
hr Gl..n luilding Qlr.lion3 & [rinl.n.nc.,
A,ll9. P.g.44. Voluneol Captured Runorl
ffi^b
5;
t2" Wh€re Vr = volume of captured runoff P = average rainfall event (lnches) Rv =
0.05 + (0.009X1) where | = percentage impervious of co ection s!rface
A = area of co lection surface (square fe€t)
How much can you hold? tqu.tion 2 lron th!
LEED
irlrr.nc.
Guids
lor Gru.n Buildini 0p.6lions & lll.intln.ncc,
2009. Pag€ 44. M n mum Dfawdown Rate. ar (cubic leel Ps
sdnd) =
Rainfall E@nt
NOTES flone
l.lfl
al
{son&l
Wher€ Qr = minimum drawdown rate
How much is leaving the site? tqudior 3 tron ih. LEID Ll.r.nc. Gui& lor Gl..n Sdlding Q.r.tiom & 2009. Pag!
/tt.
[.iri.naic.,
Determining Rainwater Runoft.
Q = Deak runoff rate (cubic C = runoff coefficient
leet Der second)
i = lainfal ntens tv {inches oer hour) A = drainage area (acres)
Things to remember - Equation 2: lf the actual drawdown rate is less than the minimum (calculated) drawdown rate, the volume of runoff presumed to be captured by the system must be red!ced accordingly. Equation 3: Unless a proiect team can substantiate the use of different values the default values must be used for the various sudace types. Exemplary Performance: lmplement a stormwater management plan that infiltrates, collects and reuses runoff or evapokanspirates runoff from at least 30% of the precipitation fall ng on the prolect s te.
35
KEY TERMS
INTENT
sot AR REftEcTAltct DE)( (sRD
To reduce heat islands to minimize
OPEN-GRID PAVEIVlENT
inpacts on microclimates and human
and wildlife habitats.
HARDSCAPE PERVIOUSSURFACE OUALIFYI|\G ARIA
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS There are two options for heat island reduction on the project site.
Option 1: 0n at least 50o/o of the project's hardscaped areas, use any combination of the followine features:
None
. RELATED CREDITS
o;liJili:Jlfi:lfit: Restore open Habitat
,O, SS Ccdit 6: Stomwater
open-grid pavement system hardscape materials with a solar reflectance index (SRl) of at least 29,
.
Shade from the tree canopy,
.
Shade from installed solar panels, and/or
.
Architectural devices or structures that have an SRI of at least 29.
0uaniiiyContml
:o
t./E Credit 3, IrvaterEliicient
Landscaping
Option 2: Locate at least 50% of the site's parking spaces under cover. Any roof used to shade or cover parking must have an SRI of at least 29, rool OR be covered by solar panels. bea For both options, if SRI materials are used, emploi a maintenance program
to mainta n the reflectance.
IMPLEMENTATION A combination of the strategies identified in Option A can be used to meet
credit requirements. Determining ihe most appropriate iocations for SRIcompliant hardscape materials, open-gr d pavement, and shading devrces is critical.
36
USGBC Studv Gu de rof LEED AP Ooefatons + lr/la ntenance
OOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
For documentation outooses:
option 1: Provide a site p an that h gh ights a I nonroof hafdscape areas and clearly dentfy the quallfyinC area. Provide detai about compliant sufaces, Option 2: Provrde a pafking plan showing all parkrng spaces located under cover and, if applicable, the SRI values of roofs that shade these spaces. Bolh oplrons require a roof maintenance plan. For calculation purposes:
Option 1: You'l| need to know the vaiues of: total area (sf) of nonroof hardscape (T), effective shaded area (S), area shaded by solarenergj/ panels
(E), area shaded by architectural devices or structures with a minimum SRI of 29 {A) and/or consisting of an open-grid pavemenl system (O), and area of any nonrcof hadscape surfaces with a minimum SRI of 29 (R).
t lron {E UtD l.|.l.nc. 2lm. P4! s3. Equrtion
s=(
Cuid.
s+E+A+R+o
tu c@r luilding oFr.ti..t & faintlnaoc.,
NOTES )
l{one
Insert these values into the equation, qualifying area must be 50% or more! Equ.rion 2 lrcm
lh. LElo R.l.lmc!
Guide lor Grâ‚Ź.n
luildini op.r.tiom &
Maintâ‚Źnanc.,
21n9. Pag. 53.
Option 2: lt's much simpler. Just find the percentage oI qualifying under cover parklng spaces compared to the total number of parkrng spaces. Exemplary Performance:
lf 95% or more of the hardscape meets one of
the credii requirements, the exemplary pedormance credit is eafned.
37
XEY TERMS
INTENT
SOI.AR REFLECTANCE
To redLrce heat islands
to minimile impacts on microclimates and human
and wildlife habitats.
VEGETATED ROOF
ALBEDO
REQUIREMENTS
STANDARDS
Option l: Use roofing materials with a minimum SRl, tor at least 75 % of roof surtaces with the following minimum SRI value according to the
llona
roof slope:
. .
SRI of 78
for ow-sloped
roofs (<2:12 slope)
SRI of 29 for steep-s oped roofs (>2:12 s ope)
A weighted average can be
!sed if some of the selected roofing materials
do not meet these râ&#x201A;Źquirements. Op(ion
2:
Install and maintain a vegelated roof that covers at least 50%
of the roof area.
Option
3: Install a combination of
high-albedo roofinS material and
vegetated roof sudaces for a weighted percentage.
RELATED CREDITS SS
IMPLEMENTATION
a
Cedit 5, Site
A high SRI value Senerally corresponds to lighter shades of roofing material and greater reflectivity, with white rooting products performing beLler [han nonrvhite products.
Development-Protecl or Restore open Habitat
(oll,l#illii,T**-'
o
whenever possible, use the manufacturer's SRI data rather than the standard va ues orovided in the LEED-EB 0&Nl Reference Guide.
E:i:[lliTJi#:li:'*
t
The total roof area exc udes mechanical equipment, photovolta c panels and skyliShts.
a
36
uscBc Sludv
Guide
a great strategy! They ca n reduce heat island effect, provide retain stormwater, insulation, are aesthetically appealing, have longer lifetimes and often require less maintenance.
Vegetaled roofs are
fo. LEED AP 0oe6tions + [,laintenancâ&#x201A;Ź
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
a
Provide information, such as a roofing plan, to demonstrate the area
and location of each material type, as well as its associated SRI value, and the slope ot the surface. Provide cleaning procedures and Schedules for the surfaces.
a a
Provide a roof plan and/or photos for vegetated rcof systems. Once you have the roofing material's SRI value from the
manufacturer you will need to know the values of: total roof surtace area, total area of roof covered by mechanical equipment, solar
TIME LINVTEAM
g?n IJ \/
enerSr panels, and appurtenances (these will be excluded from the
total rcof surface area in the calculation). Exemplary Performance: Demonstrate that at least 95% of the roof area
includes a vegetated roof system.
NOTES Reducing the heat island eflect on the rcof can educetempeotures in the
poiecl aea and ii surrcunding urban areas, leducing cooliig loads and electaicity consomption.
Sustainablâ&#x201A;Ź Sites
39
KEY TERMS LIGHT
To minimize light trespass from the building and site, reduce sky glow to increase ni8ht sky access, improve nighttime visibility through glare reduction and reduce the impact of lighting on nocturnal environments.
POIIIMO
fuuY SI
INTENT
E| DED
PARIIAIIY SHIETDED UGHT IRESPASS
moTcAr{ot E (Fc)
REQUIREMENTS
STANDARDS
All interior lighting fixtures with a direct line of sight to any openings in the building envelope musl incorporate automatic controls that shut off the f
ihrc
ixtures during after-hours periods.
For exterior lighting, ootions:
oDtiol
the projecl must comply with one ol the following
l:
Provide prcof of having previously achieved SS Credit 8 under another LEED Rating System.
RELATED CREDITS EA PreEquisite 2,
lilinifi un Ener$r Ef licieoc'y Pedomance
optior 2: Partially orfully shield all e{terior fixlures that ar€ 50 watts or more.
oFlion 3: Measore night illumination l€v€ls with
the buildinB! exterior and site lights both on and off.
IMPLEMENTATION For interior lighting fixtures:
a
Automatic controls arc unnecessary rl the lxture d@s not have a direct line of sigtt to the building€xt€rior.
a
Designe6 must tollo\N one of the following three design rules if they do not us€ automatic contrcls:
o o
(r
Distance Exemption 1 Distance tuemption 2 An8le E.xemption
lf regular built-in lighting fixtures do not complywith the above design rules, automatic controls must be installed.
o
Controls must be programmed to shui the lights olf for at least 2,190 off-time houls per year (50% of annual nighttime houE).
For exterior lighting tixturesl
40
a
All fixtures 50 watts or greaier must b€ pariially or fully shield€d.
o
Pariially shielded means the shield extends at least to the center point of the fixture,
USGBC Studv Guide tor LEED AP Oo€ratlons + Mainlenance
IMPLEMENTATION, CONTINUED
IIME LINE/TEAM
[,4easuring light illumination levelsl
a
lvleasurements can be taken two ways:
l: Take t]ro *ts ot d€su@n€nis, on€ vith the buildinas qt€rid aod site tightsonl the other, wilh them ofi. Inlerid liAhis mlst b. Oprion
in the
a
sme stat€ du
ng both
meaements.
Option 2: Take oie
burldingS€rleio.
th*
with
o@ibed
d
of
rid
med€m€nts {ith the
site ligh$ on and compa€
thedaimufr foolcaidle le€|. bv tESNARP-33.
l\reasurements should be taken at regularly spaced points around the perimeter of the property.
a At
least 8 measurements are required at lO0 feet.
a
maximum spacing of
d."?i
b-d
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
NOTES
For automatic controls, document liShting zones and their individual afterhours periods. Maintain information on any installed shields, and be sure to properly document any exterior light illumination rneasurements.
Interior lightang requirements pedain
onlyto regular built-in fixtures.
the interior lighting automatic controls meet the crcdit requirements, calculate the duration of programmed afterhours To determine whether
periods. Calculatethisvalue by multiplyingthe scheduled number of afteF hours and off-lime hours bythe number of days in the performance period. Iahb t
nom d|e
ltE0leler.
ca Guida lor
6ran luildiil oDadtion3 & [ainta|ttDc., i{n9.
P.tr 72. Maximum llluminancevalu€stor outdoor
Lighting Zones.
densili6ol l6slhan 200 p@ple per squa@ mte on tust rcc.nl u.s. csnsus. Al$ tor ddelop.d arc* in stat. and nalionar Da s, areas near asironomical obeMlorid, ol&es wherc rcsidenls haE.xDrBs€d dste lo m.inl5i. nsluEl For poDulalion
bed
LZt
LZ2
M,
0.0t
For populalion d.nslli6 0120G3,000 p€opl. p.r squ.rc mil., based on most recent U.S. ce6us Incrud$m6tarea3zoned rcsideita, DelauLt zonetof rcsideita arcas
010
For pop! alon dens t es gEate. lhan 3,000 oeople persqua,e m e, ba3ed oi most fe.ent !,S, ceisus,liteided lof h eh-densty mban
isghbodoods shopp ngaid cofihtcald 31ick, idu3irit pEiks. Def50 tzoie forcommercia and induetra a.ea5 naio.c iy cant.6 w th pop! at on d.ns t 6 greaie.lhEn 100,000. bmed oi mostrecsit u s, census nrsidsd lorrhenatc
020
For
LZ4
Heh
attractons eiteta nmentdstricts,
ma or aulo sa es
060
distflch,
4l
What are lhe main factors an exteriot and building hardscape management plan needs to address?
List important stralegies to implement an ouldoor integrated pest management plan lhat tocuses on keâ&#x201A;Źping the site's animal and insect pesl populations undel control and preventing pesls from entering lhe building:
In SS C.edit 8, Light Pollution Reduction, a project must comply with the interior lightirig rcquircment. However, a project has options lor achieving compliance with exterior lighting, List lhe options:
List typical imperuious surfaces that contribute to high levels ol stormwater runoff:
What are some strategies you can take to minimi.e 3tormwater runoff volume?
42
USGBC Stud! Guide
iof LEED AP oDeration3 + l\,laintenaicâ&#x201A;Ź
43
USGBC Study Guide for IEED AP Op€rations + Maint€nance
See Answer Key on page 189.
45
NOTES...
46
USGBC Studv Guide tor LEEDAP Ooerations + Maintenance
The Water Efficiency category (WE) addresses
environmental concerns relating to building water use and disposal, Discharged water contaminates rivers, lakes and potable watef with bacteria, nitrogen, toxic metals and other contaminants. Each WE credit encourages the use of strategies and technologies that reduce the amount ot potable water consumed in buildings,
\Ui-JAT
Ailtli:
-0-:
Where does water go?
; "
How much potable water do you use for landscape irrigation?
i-
Are the lakes, . streams, and nvers in your neighborhood safe for swimming and fishing?
'
r
-t'r
'-'
i
,r"..l-i
t.i{ [ i-i- il i I NCY? i
What are all of the uses for water in a buitding?
47
THE OVERVIEW The Water Efficiency category addressâ&#x201A;Źs environmental concerns relating to building water use and disposal and promotes the following sustainable measures:
a
Monitoring water consumption performanie;
a
Reducing indoor potable water consumption;
a
Reducing water consumption to save enersr and improve envkonmental well being; and
o
Practicing water-eff icient landscaping.
Using larSe amounts ot r'/ater not only increases the maintenance and lile-cycle costs of building
it also
increases costs for consumers and building users due
to additional municipal supply and treatment facilities. Conversely, buildings that use water efficiently can reduce costs through lower fees, less sewage volume, reductions in eners' and chemical use, and lower capacity charges and limits. Additionally, conserving potable water reduces chemical inputs tor water operations,
treatment. Did you know thal conserving potable water also decreases greenhouse emissions? Less water means less energ/ use and, therelore, fewer emissions from treatment and distribution.
aa
USGBC Study
Gui& for IEED AP Opelations + Mainlenancâ&#x201A;Ź
I\rany vrater conservation strategies cost nothingi others provide a rapid payback- Some, such as
biological wastewater treatment systems and graywater plumbing systems, require more substantial investment and are cost effective only under certain building and site conditions. However, reducing water consumption will decrease your building operating costs. And reducing demand reduces the amount withdrawn from r vers, streams, underground aquifers and other water bodies.
lvhen accounting for waler consumption patierns and implementation strategies, during the performance period, look out for similar tracking requirements. These credits require weekly tracking, at a minimum, that is then compiled into monthly summaries. lf one of the subsystems submetered s covered in another WE cred t, that daia needs to be consistent across all credits. Also, performance calculations covered in the plumbing and irrigation felated crediis need t0 follow proper baseline procedures and use consistenl information across other credits in the LEEIEB Rating System, such as building occupants, square footages and technologies employed.
5Yl{IilS}t5 The installation of u/aterefficient technologies is critical in designing a holistic approach to water consumption at a project, however the key that ties all oI these technologies toâ&#x201A;Źether is the use of monitoring devices. Ivlonitor ng potab e water consumption is a fundamental component of comprehensive sustainable buildinS operations. Tracking water use can be performed alongside any
tracking of enerry consumption so oryanizations can better undersland how these resources relate to each other and make integrated management decisions. Setting up plans and policies for the upgrading and maintenance of these strategies will ensure an environmentally sensitive building.
Addltionally, there are cred ts here that are /e atâ&#x201A;Źd to other credlt categories, such as capturing stormwater lor reuse, installing native vegetation to decrease irrigation water consumption, or commissioning plumbing and metering systems as a part of existing building commissioning.
Water Eff ciency
49
II/ATER ilTTICIENCY 't/! iri,'ie.!i||srlr
i
I i: 'l, l, et,..
TRi*!T5
N4inimum Indoor Plumb ng Fixture and F tting Eff ciency
'.'l; iji!i!:i
Water Performance lvleasurement
jti
Additional Indoor Plumbing Fixture and Fitting Efficiency
r"re,r
\f! C,e'-1r1,1
Water Elltctenl Landscaping Cooling Tower Water lvlanagement
CATEGORY ii!GHLi*HT'S
a
Each credit in ihis category has d fferent point eve s available, depending on perfofmance:
.
WE 1,3, and 4: Worth two points each
:r
WE 2: Worth five points
a a
Credit WE 4 is related to EA prerequls tes
a
The only referenced standards in this category are plumbing codes:
Prerequisite WE 1 and credit WE 2 both address Indoor Plumbing and Fixture Efficiency
'.
.
50
I
and 2.
Uniform Plumbing Code 2006 International Plumbing Code 2006
Know the definition of Full Time Equ valent (FTE)
USGBC Siudv Guide for LEED AP oDerations + Maintenance
iia
i
!
Bleed-ofi, or
i down
blow- | The release of a portion of the recirculating I
water from a coolifg towef; thrs carries d ssolved so ids that can cause mineral bui
dup.
water
l
--l
iConventional i The nostcommon irrigation system used in the region where the building is I irrigation I located. A conventional irrigation system commonly uses pressure to deliver water I _ _,, - _, _ _ _i-"19 1i'b"'""1_t1tlT'i"kg h":$iry th" ''1Tl, A structure that uses water to absorb heat from aiFconditioning systerns and i Cooli[g towel -l-.:e11111-gT:'"to':'"i!:irit" i Domestic hdI water I water used, in any type of building, for domestic purposes, principally drinking, i i food preparation, sanitation and personal hygiene.
t--,-----
----,--
i
A mete'rl-dr neasLres
Evapotfanspiration
j
The loss of water by evapofation from the soil and by transpiration fiom plants. lt
lnternalional Plumbing Code (lPC)
waler
t{ative (or
indigolou!)
plants
L.______.- -..
i
I
Polable
water
l-
I
Process
waler 'g
i
is
i i
A regular building occupanl who spends 40 hours per week in the project building. Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on lheir hours per week divided by 40. Multiple shifts are included or excluded depending on the inlent and r€quirements of the credit.
(FTE)
Makeup
i
sah In water.
texpressedinmillimetersperunitoftime.
FnlFtime equival.nt
i
l
.
Eleclrical conductivity
tle aroLnt o'lutrrenrs ard
l
i The comprehensive min mum regulat ons for plumblng facilities in terms of both I performance and prescript ive objectiives providing for the acceptance of new and
i
innovative products, materia s, and systems.
i j
Water fed into a cooling tower system to replace water lost through evaporat on, drift, bleed-off, or other causes.
] i
'I
i I
i
Plants that are adapted to a given area during a defined time peliod and are not invasive. In North America, the term often refers to plants growing in a legion plior to the time of settlement by people of European descent.
-----.--,-._
Water that meets or exceeds EPAS drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may oe sLDolipd we ls o. lrJricipal warer sy.tFm..
"on
towers, such
Water used for industrial processes and blilding systems such as cooling boilers, and chil ers. lt can also refer to water used in operational processes, as drslwasl ng. clothes wastinS, and rce rraki'rg.
A method to determine the proportion of enerry use within a building attributable to specific end uses or subsystems (e.g., the heating subsystem of an HVAC system).
U[ilom Pl[mbing UIilom Pl[mbing A model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and (UPC) Mechanical officials (lAPlllO) to govern the installation and inspection of plumbing systems as a means oI promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.
Code (UPC)
Water Efficiency
i i
: )
]
KEY TERN,!5
i
INTERNITIONAL PIUMBING CODE (IPC)
D.lTiN
UIIIFORM PIUIi!8II{G CODE ruPC)
MTABTT WAITR
To reduce indoor fixture and fifting water use within buildings to reduce the burdens on potable water supply and wastewater systems.
STANDARDS
REaUlREivl{l{
uniform Plumbing Code, 2006
Reduce potable water use from indoor plumbing fixtures and fittings to a leve equal to the LEED-EB o&lv baseline to meet the prerequisite. Increase reductions below the LEED,EB O&l!l baseline to earn points for each threshold for a maximum of five points
International Plumbing Code, 2006
!.4
t5%
2
20%
3
25% 30%
REI.ATED CRiDITS SS Credit 6:
Stonnw,tel
CI Quant8 Conlrol .-o
lvt Credit Plu
2: Additionallndoor
mbing Fixtwe and
Fittilg
ttficiency
o o
5
{i,ilrEi': ENTAIiSN lf the indoor plumbing system was substantially completed in 1993 or later throughout the building, the baseline is 120% of plumbing code.
lf the
indoor plumbing dystem was substantially completed before 1993 throughout the building, the baseline is 160% of plumbing
code. WE
Cedit 3: Water-Efficieni
[andscaping WE Credit 4:
Coolilg
Tower Water Management,
llonpotable Water Source lrse
lf the indoor plumbing systems were substantially completed ai different timâ&#x201A;Źs, the baseline is a proration of a whole-building average between the 120% and 160o/6 baseline levels. Fixtures and fittings included in the calculations for this credil are water closets, urinals, showerheads and faucets.
UsGBC Siudy Guide for LEED AP ODeralions + Nlainlenance
i-lOi: Ll 14 i i': : ;-rl l.l ti .l a A i-;'r.j r.i
i:i: l'
i 11
I'j
S
-
i i.:
{./l i
wE Preequisrte
Ji
r!:
I
For documentation purposes, gather data on plumbing fixtures and user groups, and enter these data in the WE Prerequisite 1 Submittal Template. Be sure to collect manufacturer's data for each tixture and fitting installed.
Building population data are required for documentation. Make sure to maintain consistent occupant data across all credits. The baseline is set using the UPC and the IPC and depending on the year ot substantial completion of the building's indoor plumbing system. Tablr I lrcm thc lEE0 R.l.r.nc. Guid.lo.Gr8rn Building op.lation3 & lvlaideMnc., 2009. Pr8. 84. UPC and lrc Standardslor Plumbing Fift€ Water Use.
Wat€r. osek lgallons par I ush spf)
t60
128
1.CrO
o.9
WE Credit 2
2.*
Sh*rhs.ds {eal|ms Ps mind€, spm^) Publc lav.lory faucelsand aeralo6 (8pfrrr) tu vale avaiory raucets
aid aeraton (8pm")
1.5
2.2
Public melding lavabry l.uc€ts GalLns per helEine cy.le)
0.25
(itchen.nd ianilor sink r.Eeh Meteringlaucets (Ca ons pe' clce)
2.20
'on riir
22, 20oa,
rm
's!.d
a
4.25
idirdioi !m
r*
ol
'nLd
Dk
b dmhp |
b.sei
:Filid'd
nr
iidltrficiaq udol.. v*de&e
1.5 sp6 aid 2 03mp
iia I
R.|'dE. Guid. h. Gr.cI luildiig oD.Erio||r xrin nanc!, 2re9. 87. sanple Plumbing Fixturcs and FittinSsand waler Consumption-
T.br. 4 tror trrr uEo
Hish+ifici€ncy roiret (HET), 5ingieflush
HEl s'^3 e-f ush presms
8ss sl
1.6
Con€nlion.l Drival. ld!*ory
t.2a
Ctrrentional Public la€tory
Pal!
i 1:';
lhe 0rimary benefits include decreased buildi0g operating cosls, paybacks associated l4ith upgfades, decEased total water withdrawn
a
mount ol polable
lon
dvers, sleams,
underground aquifers and other water bodies, rcduced chemical inputs
1.0
ior water treatment and reduced gnenhouse emissaons.
HEldu.lilush(fulltlu3h) HEI doal ilu3h (l@flush) 0.05
l.a gpm
1.0 Hagh€llicien.y unml {HEU)
53
i
KIY IERMS
!NTEi!
SUBI\4ETERING
To measure blilding and subsystem water performance over time to undeAtand consumption patterns and identify oppodunities for additional
DOMESNC HOT WATTR
water savings.
PROCESSWATER
:i EQ li i ti
STANDARDS
i
i"i i. a.i i-.j
Install a permanent water meter that measures the total potable water used lor the entire building and associated grounds Ior one point. Install permanent submetering for one or more of the following water subsystems
l{one
for a second point:
a a a a a
RELATED
CFi
EDITi
tl/E Prercqu sile
l,
Minimum
lndoor Plumbing Fixture and
WE
Cred 2 Addtronal.lndoor
ftumDtng frxurc an0
ffitng
a a
Lan0scaprng
o
54
Cooling towers
Domestic hot water
other process water
r{
IAliLii
Establish protocols outlining the meter data-recordrng process for each meter, including data-logging intervals must be I week or shorter to qualify) and schedules.
For metered water subsystems, perform calculations verifying the percâ&#x201A;Źntage of the subsystem covered by metering.
tfficiency WE Crcdit 3: Water-Etticient
Indoor plumbilg 'ixtures ard frr! rgs
ii,lPLEl/ra
titting Etficiencf
O -
lrrigation
a
Checkthe meterregulady, at least weekly, and combine the information into monthly and annual water consumption summarles.
ffi,::ff:":,:l'J'#"*'
USGBC sludyGuide
to. LEED AP Operations + Maintena.ce
:-lNt,TEAln For documentation purposes, record watet rneter summaries and savewater
bills. For each metef not owned by a third party, maintain nfofmation on calibration recommendations and reDorts. Installing a whole.building meter earns the prolect one point. For an additional point, the calculations are srmple: lf more than 80% of one or more of the water subsystems is netered, the project earns another point. See lhe example for cooling towers: Equalion 3 frcn the LIED Rdarance Guld.torGreen Bulldint opâ&#x201A;Źrallom& Mainl6nanoe,2009,
P.9.95. Mele4d CoolinC
T@r Repl&eme.t
Total coolinS Towor Rep acemeni
Waler
0a
wrlsf
T.tlc I fror $. lIEo nd.r.nc.
?rt.97,
Euid. L. G|â&#x201A;ŹcI Bulldlry Sample Mete.ed Water Use Data
Qdaiiont & srim!n.nc., 2@!1.
l.iil:i:;
rvlete6 all water consumpt on for bur
Although the prucess entails 125
AlI/07
8t3l/47
costs. neasudng and undelstanding
$625
water consumption overtime has lhe
$450
potentialto reduce usage and ssve
$435
n0nE
$2ao
tv30/07 $250
!2111A7
t31,O8 3A/04
56
$240
52
$260
Meteing can help delect water leaks 0r other deficiencies and ldentify rcasons
lorlluclualing water
3/31,0a
$335 $345
'BUOA
473
up-tont
$500
$4,390
Meters must be read weekly, at a minimum.
Waler Etficiency
use.
l.ii . TLi
iir
l,,is
;
iiil
Lrse of potable water, or other natural surface or subsurface resources available on or near the project site, for lanoscape irrigation.
To imit or el minate the
CONVENTIONAI IRRIGATION
TVAP()IRAI{SPIRA]ION IIATIVE PI-AITTS
i\
5ij,,NCirFDi
|
:{ tliijj-:L!-,:
i.: i.,
I
i
llone
R"dr." potable water use for irrigation
compared with conventional
irrigation practices by the following percentagesl
c)% 62.5% 3
5
lf planters and/or garden space cover Less than 5% area, the project ts ineligible for this credit.
3ii. ATE' CRt:lli-a
oi:,ifril,';l.;.'f*., Contml, and Landscape lvlanagement Plan SS
Credit 5,Site
Developmed-+roted or Restore open Habilat SS Credit 6: Stormwater
ooantity Cantrol
:
!!t i:L 5iv!
i:i!iATiO
of the building site
ii
Consider the following to reduce water
c a t a a
Plant species Iactor
-
native or not?
lrrigat on efficiency
-
spray or drip?
Use of captured rainwater and/or recycled wastewater. Use of water treated by a publ c agency for nonpotable purposes, Going for no water usâ&#x201A;Ź? Install landscaping that requires no permanent
irrigation systems. Tempofary irrigation systems may be used for plant establishment if the systems are removed within one year of installation.
USGBC Studv Guide
ior LEED AP ooerations + Nlaintenancâ&#x201A;Ź
: !i.a
i
r_$i€i
For documentation purposes, record meter readings weekly and compile them into summaries, For each meter not owned by a thifd party, maintain information on calibration recommendations and reoorts.
Theoretical calculations can also be performed using the LEED Submittal Temolale. This credit has multiple calculation options. Each one is very specilic to the project, but follows a similar concept and results in the same outcome: Equation
!
lrom
lt.
LEEo
f,a|llencs Guide lor
&e.i Buildlit op.r.tlon.
&
lt.lnt
nan6e, 21t09.
Pals 100.
rr
gttioi Base
Equaiion 2 non
ie
8a ons
$r ltE0 -
Lands.apeAfea X
=
Lt
CoivEiUonll lii8al
on ,_-,,-!,,\
sy3t€fr Rrr€
mrc. qddc ior Elc.n 8lildlng op.rruonl
I [rlnt mncc,2q|9.
Pagr 106. B6$rane
lricalid
water
u*
Met Ed IniS.tion wbls
Ba*line lrig.tion Wal€r
u*
U*
x1m rri-1r-
The different calculation options depend on whether the building has a separate meter for irrigation water use. No meter? No problem theoret cal calculations are used in place of actual pedormance data.
iS
l{one
-
Theoretical calcuatons take into account many factors: landscape coefficient, plant spec es factor, plant dens ty factor, microclimate factor and the av€rage evapotfanspiration rate specific to the project in luly. Trtr. I rrDr ur tf,tD R!rd.nc!
Eurd.
hr
Green
Br
drng
o.r.tiont
&
ltdni.n.nc., 2tp9-
Prrc 108. tsndscape Factoc.
Hth o.2
0.5
o.5
1O
02
0.5
o.5
LO
02
05
o2 0,6
1.1
0_5
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.3
l0
r.2
1-0
t.2
1.0
06 o,7
Hid'
Hlth
1.3
t.0
l
O
0,4
Water Efficaency
lEAN
KEY TlRt:i.'j
:irTIiil
c00Lm0 ToWER
To reduce potable water consumption for cooling tower equipment through
BLEED-OFF OR BLOW-DOWI.I ELECTRICAL
effective water managernent and/or the use of nonpotable makeup water.
COI{DUCTIVIN fiER
TIAIGUP WAITR
iQ.J lR
aii ir,
SiANLTARL-::
i:
None
one or both ot the following strategies are required to earn
SiYi
l. Develop and imp ement a cooling tower water management plan and insta I a conductlv ty meter with automatic controls to adjust the bleed rate and mainiain proper concenhation at al timesi AN D/OR
2. Use makeup water that consists of at least 50ol" nonpotable water- Have in place a measurefient program that verifies lhe makeup water quantities used from nonpotable sources.
RELt.TED CREDi'T.!
O::.',l,'fi',i.':[l'*-'
off:;ffiil;ilxl'jt,",*,
iivi !trLi-. i..i
I a
O ffi:::ll,*'"'''o.'' EA
Preequisite l: Energy
Efl iciency Best lVanagemenl
i fj
iia;i:lj
Install a conductivity meter and develop a cooling tower management plan for chemical control and biological control. The conductivity meter can adjust the bleed rate. the building has a condLrctivity meter, be sure that it has automatic 'f controls so that building stafi can adj[ist makeup water rates as needed.
a
lmplement the cooling tower management plan at the project.
Practices EA Prerequisite 2l
l\4inimum EnergyEfficiency
Pedormance
tl
&edit 2, EistingBuilding
Commissioning
58
UscBC Studv Guide for LEED AP olerations + lvlainlenance
't'lvlE LlNE,r EA&i
DOCUMENTATIOI'I & CALCULATiONS For documentation purposes, collect information on the conductivity meterc and automatic controls, including plans, drawings, photoSraphs or ma nufacturers' data, aswellas information on calibration recommendations an0 teoons,
lf the
cooling tower is submetered, maintain weekly summaries
of
its
water use,
The project can earn an innovation credit for exemplary performance by using a minimum of 95olo nonpotable makeup water,
g^?^e 1l
I-'
NOTES Water loss in a
to{s h
due
to
evap0ration, watef discharged to keep
nineral buildup under control, drift loss, and water lost thmrgh leals,
spih
or overilows.
Why submeter and monitor cooling
tower makeup walef? Doing so provides waterloss and pedomance me,surements as rvsll as helping earn points ln \},/E Credit L
water Efliciency
What fixtures and fittings are included in the calculations
fol
!,VE
Credit 2?
Ithat are some ot the primary benefits of reducing a building's potable watef
usâ&#x201A;Ź?
What are some implementaiion straiegies for cooling totver management?
What up-trcnt costs are associated with waier efficiency implementation, and how are thesâ&#x201A;Ź costs otlset?
How often do water metels need to be read?
60
USGSC Study Guide
lor LEED AP Ooe.ataons + Maintenance
Can yoii iir'!rJ products wiih lhe EPA
WatrrSe-se label?
lirhat res0lts do you tind for noowaler or conrpostirrg toilet
lllhat are the ad're!:ised benefits to automaiic tilture sensors?
systems?
__--1:=
-<*ar:
.;:_i_=
'..
,
ii
tt't
r'
L.ii,.
*;.'
61
See Answer Key on page
62
USGBC Study cuide for LEED AP Ope6tions + Ualntenance
I89.
Ihe fnergy and Atmosph*fe itr.AJ ri]tegor! ;rd{.irstses energy ccr'rsumption and denri}nd issues by enccuraging the retiuriicn i* the amount cl energy required t0 operate a building. fach credit encourages the u$e of lirategie$ and technologies lhat reduce the Jnlounl ol energy cor]sumed and that promote the use r:f new, ilean. alierfial;ve er!ergy sources.
\^/I-iAT ABOUT
'-'i: '
[NIRGY AND ATMOSPH[RE?
Htw much enetgt does a building require l{} aper;tte?
,
Hoi! rrrric!! urir!::l dr,e! n COnVeilllota I Ineandescf,nt larnp use ccrlFafed io a standaral cornpact fluorescâ&#x201A;Źnt la$p? ,'10,,r
mu[l] {an
o
b'rilding owner 5ave by rifi der5l:lrldrng *nergy Lrse breakCowns in their builc!ing?
ii:
What is green power?
Enerey and Aimosphere
53
EAPRERTOUISITE 1:
,.::ir
EXJSTItiG BI]IL]NG
opxh
ze EnerSi Ellroency
EAPREREOUISIIE3:
EA CREDIT 5:
The Energy & Atrnosphere category focuses on us ng a performance based approach that a lows owners and managers to taior energy reduct o| measltTes to the r bu ldings and the bu dings'
specifc operations rather than prescript ve nneasures. The EA category pronrotes the folowng
Vlonrtorng and mprov ng bu ld ng energy performance; El m natrng ch orof uorocarbons (CFCs); and Using renewablâ&#x201A;Ź energy.
nproved operations can reduce cap
ta
the ife of build ng equ pment and reduce â&#x201A;Źxisirng b!ild ng systems. This category addfesses
costs by extend ng
maintenance costs by optim z ng the eff crency of
theongoLngunderstandngofyoLrrbu drngsenergyconsurnptonandenergyLlsesystems. Therefore, one of the lirst steps s developing and updatrng basic burld ng documents that oLrt ne the curre|t
building systems. Once bu id ng management staff u|derstands the bu ding's energy prof le, they can customze energy effcency approaches and ftnd strateg es for reducing consumption.
64
lrsGBC Study Cu de ior Ll
tD
AP ONraJ
.ns + Ma nl.nanrie
Gaining this information vrill also help reveal deficiencies and identify the potential for both eners/
eff ciency and occupant health and comfort. The underlyinggoalofthis category is reduce operational enerBr consumption. Each prerequisite and
credit aims at optimizing energy performance through monitoring and maintenance. By optimizing enerSf performance, building owners can reduce overcll operating costs. Fossil fuels, such as coal and o l, are the most comrfon source of energy used in buildings. And as global competition for fuels accelerates, the rate of return on enerry efficiency measures improves. When accounting for energy pedormance, technologies and imprcvements during the performance
period, be sure to keep track of basic building documents that reoccur across many EA credits, inc uding the Building operations Plan. Also, many credits require onSoing mon tor ng ot energy peformance using an Energ Use Intensity equation that takes into account square footage of the building. And kno$/ your standards - ASHRAE, ENERGY STAR and CBECS come up often, but be sure to also know the standards required around renewable ene€y and GHG emissions reporting.
SYNERGIES There are rnany ways
to reduce energy use, including actions by building occupants,
improved
building operation strategies, and equipment up8rades. But the basic step is onSoing monitoring and maintenance of building enersf systems. When reviewing each prerequisite and credil, lake note of hoM/ changes in a building sFtem can effect multiple credits in this cateSory including updating documents, reassessing 8AS systems and reducing the build ng's carbon footprint
Additionallt think about the strong synergies this cateSory has with the IEQ cateSory The building systems that rcgulate air llow in the building, control thermal comfort, and provide daylight to spaces are also those that can affect a building's enerSy consumption patterns.
Think about how the EA credits are related and how they interact with each other, including management plans, monitoring strategies, basic building documents, ener$/ reduction, offsets and reduced atmospheric pressure.
Energy and Almospherc
65
ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE CREDITS EA
P.erequisjle
1
2 EA Prerequasite 3 EA Credit 1 EA Credit 2-l EA Prerequisite
tACredit2.2 tACredit2.3 EA Credit
3.1
EACredit3.2
4 EA Credit 5 EA Credit 6 EA Credit
Energ!' Efficiency Best Management Practices-Planning, Documentation, and Opportunity Assessment
[4inimum Energy Efficiency Perfofmance Fundamental Refri8erant lVanagement Optimize Ener$f Efficiency Performance Existing Building Commissioning-lnvestigation and Analysis
ExistingBuildingCommissioning-lmplementation Existing Euilding Commissioning-ongoingCommissionins Performance lveasurement-Building Automation System Pedormance l\reasurement--System-Level Metering On-site and off-site Renewable Enerry Enhanced Refrlgerant [Vlanagement Emissions Reduction Reporting
CATEG(]RY HIGHLIOHTS a
o a
66
The larSest opportunitles for points in this category are:
c
EA 1, worth up to 18 points
o
EA 4, worth Lrp to
4 points
Prerequisite EA 2 and credit EA 1 both address the same issue. Know your ASHRAE standards. The EA category uses:
o
ASHRAE Level I Wa k-Through Anaiysis for prerequis te EA
.
ASHRAE Level
ll Energ Audit,
1
Ener$' Survey and Analysis for credit EA 2.1
a
The Building Engineer is involved in every EA prerequisite and credil, which makes sense because of the system monitoring and modeling involved.
a
There are many related credits within the EA and IEQ categor es. The IEQ related credits involve mechanical systems and occupant controls.
USGBC StudyGuide for IEED AP ODâ&#x201A;Źlations +
Mainte..nce
KEY TERMS Building adomation 8y8tom (BAS)
A system that us€s computer based monitoring to coordinale, organize, and optimize building control subsystems, including lightinS, equipment
scheduling, and alarm reporting.
Carto[ equivallnB (C02€)
A metric measure used to compare the emissions ol different greenhouse gases based upon their global warming potential (GWP).
Chlorofluoroca$ong
Hydrocarbons that are used as refrigerants and cause depletion ot the
(CtCs)
stmtospheric ozone layer.
Comm€rcialBuildings
A national sample survey that collects information on the stock of U.S. commercial buildings, their energ/-related building characteristics, and their eners/ consumplion and expenditures.
Enorgy Consumption Suwoy (0BECS)
Commi6sioning (Cr)
The process of verifying and documenting that a buildinc and all of its systems and assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated, and mainlained io meet the owner's project requarements.
Enrrgy audit
A process that examines how much energy a building uses and the p!rposes for which t is used, and identifies efficiency and cosheduction opportunities. The American Society of HeatinS, RefriSerating and AiIConditioning Engineers uses three levels of ener$/ audits: walk-through analysis, energr survey and analysis, and detailed analysis of capitalintensive modifications.
ETERGY STAR TaTiry
A measure of a building's energf pedormance compared srith that of similar buildings, as determined by the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. A score of 50 represents average building performance.
Enorg Use
h!n8it,
Enerry consumption relative to total output-
(EUD
ti16 6upFres!ion SyStems
Systems used in conjunction with smoke detectors and fire alarm systems to improve and increase public safety.
eru!||.C
A program established by the C€nter for Resource Solutions to both promote green electricity products and provide consumers with a rigorous and nationally recognized method t0 identify those products.
ll.l0||5
Substances, used in tireiuppression systems and tire extinguishers, that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer,
Ener$/ and Ahosphere
KEY TERMS ad
air condilioning (HVAC)
Equipment, distribution syslems, and terminals that provide the processes of heating, ventilating, or air-conditioning. (ASHRAE 90.1-
ststens
2007)
Heating, vontilrtion, air-conditionint, and
Synonymous with Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
Hoating, Yantilatio[
sy$ems.
rofrigeration ry$em (HVAC&R)
Refrigerants that do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer but may have high global warming potential. HFCS are not considefed envfionmentally benrgn.
Hydrolluorocaltons (HFCs)
Mgtus (nillions of Britirh
lhermal units)
A unit of energy used in lhe power, steam generalion, heating and air conditioning indushies,
Pleve[tivc mainlenance
Routinely scheduled equipment inspâ&#x201A;Źction, cleaning, and repair conducted to detect and prevent equipment failure and keep materials and systems in wo*ing oder.
Racomnisrioniry
A process that applies to buildinSs that were previously commissioned as part of new conslruction or buildings covered by existing building commissioninp.
Rlnewabls onrrgl
Tradable commodities representing proof that a unit of electricit was generated from a renewable eners/ resource. RECS are sold separately from electricity itself and thus allow the purchase of green power by a
cldiftcatls
(RECS)
userof conventionally generated electricity. Relrccommis8io[i[g (ROo
6a
A systematic, documented process that identifies low-cost operational and maintenance improvements in existing buildings and brings the buildings up to the design intentions ot its currenl usage.
ReMit
Any change to an existing facilit, such as the addition or removal of equipment or an adjustment, connection, or disconnection of equipment.
Simple payback
The amount of time it will take to recover the inltial investment through savings. The simple payback (in yea6) can be calculated by dividing first cost by annual savings.
USGBC StudyGuldâ&#x201A;Ź
iof LEED AP Ooeratons + l',laintenance
KEY TERMS Site enrr$r
The amount of heat and electricity consumed by a building, as reflected
in utility bills. Source energtr
The total amount of raw fuel required to operate a buildingi
it
incoeorates alltransmission, delivery, and production lo6sâ&#x201A;Źs for a complete assessment of a building's energy use. Submololi[g
A method to determine the proportion of energr use rvilhin a building attributable to specilic end uses or subsystems (e.8., the heating subsystem of an HVAC system).
WRUWSBC Cre.nhouse Ca6 Rsporting Prctocol
The most widely used international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify, and manaSe greenhouse gas emissions,
EnerB/ and Atmospheâ&#x201A;Ź
69
KEY TERMS
INTENT
ENTRGY AUDIT
To pfomote continuity of information to ensure that enerSy-efficient
PREVEI{IIVI
ttlAlMtl{ll{CE
operating strategies are maintained and provide a foundation for training and system analysis.
HTATING, VEI{TILATION AND AIR CONDITI()NING (HVAC) EIIERGY USE II{TENSITY {EUD
REOUIREMENTS
STANDARDS
The project team must conduct an energy aud t that meets the requirements ASHRAT Lâ&#x201A;Źvel l, Walk-Through
Analysis
RELATED CREDITS EA
Pseqoisite 2,
Minimum Ener$| Efi iciencf
I Walk-Through Analysis and develop essential building documents, including the cunent sequence oI operalions for the building, a building operating plan, a systems narrative, and a narrative of the oreventive maintenance olan. of the ASHRAE Level
IMPLEMENTATION
I
Perlormance
tA
Cdit l:
optimire Energy
o
Eristing .@ ElCredit2.l: Building Commissioning-
a
Investigation and Analysis
EI CrEdit 2.2: Bisting
@ Building Commissioninglmplementaiiotl Credit 2.3:
Bisting
@ Building Commissionin80ngoing Commissioning
70
to
perform
a preliminary
enets/ use Inoex,
!@ Etlhiency Perlomance
EA
Preliminary energy use analysis: Be sure
enerS/ use analysis, including an energ/ end-use breakdown and an
a
Walk-through Analysis: This audit is intended to provide understanding of a building's energ/ flows and end uses,
a
basic
lmprovements: ldentify opportunities for immediate low- or no-cost measures and potential longer-term capital investments. During this time,
it is important to develop the tollowing documents:
r r
Systems nanativei
r:
Sequence of operationsi and
!:
Preventative maintenance plan.
Building operatinE p ani
USGBC Study Guide ror LEEO AP Opâ&#x201A;Źrations + Maintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINVTEAM
I\raintain a record of existing systems and monthly utility bills. Develop or revise the required documentation and perform an enersr use analysis and
audit. There are lhree major equations used in energy use analysis that together provide a framewo for energj' use benchmarking:
.r
Ener$f use intensity;
'-,
EnerS/ cost index; and
o
Utllity cost ndex.
All major energ'-consumlng systefis are analyzed during the walk-through. They may include:
,)
Site equipment; Air distribution sFlemsi
o
Chilled and/or heating water systemsi
..
Domestic hot water sjstems;
:r
Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) controls; and
.
Lighting.
It is im portant to establish an enersr use breakdown for the project building to allow room for improvement.
NOTES ProDerly erecuted opeaating plans
that
promote energy etficiencl haw bâ&#x201A;Źen shown to save 5% to 20% on eneryt
bills vrilhout signif icant capital inveslmelts.
figur! |
trom lh.lEEo Rcf.r.ic. Guid6lor Buildiry op.r.iio$ & Maint! nc!, 2009. 137. Enel8)l Use Bre*do'rn.
Gru
Prt!
Ener$/ and Almospherc
7l
KEY TERMS COM$ERCIAt BUILDII{GS EITTRCY
C0l{SUf'lPTl0l{ SURvtY (CB[CS) IITIRGY
STAR
SITE ENIRGY
INTENT lo achieve minimum and increasing levelsofoperating energy performance relalive to typical buildings ot similar type to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use.
SOURCT EI{ERGY EIITRGY USE II|IDEX ITU|)
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
EIIERGY STAR@ Podfolio Manager
RELATED CREDITS EA
Pnaqoisite l: Enel$r tfficiency
Pnctices-
Sesl Managemert
Planning, Documentation, and opportonity Assessfl ilnt Crcdit 2.1,
histing Building
@ Commissioning-lnvestigation
For buildings eligible to receive an energy pertormance rating using EPAS ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager tool, achieve an ener$/ peformance rating of al least 69 to earn the prerequisite. The building can earn additional points under EA Credit 1 as the performance ratinS
the
incteases,
In unique situations for buildings that are ineligible for ENERGY STAR, LEED allows the use of two alternative rating methodsl
and Analysis
tl
Oldit
2.2, Eisting Building
!@ Commissionifl tl
g-lmplenentation
Credit 2.3, Eristing Building
@ Commissioning-ongoing
a
Adjusted benchmark scofei and
a
Alternative score.
All buildin8s musi have a designated energy meter that
measures all
energf use thrcughout the performance peraod.
Commissioning
(@j
@
tA Cledit 3.1, Perfornance
eisunmenuuilding Automation gstem
IMPLEMENTATION
EACledit 3.2, Pedotmance
o
lf the building does not already
o
Determine
e,surenent-Syslefi -tevel liletering
tb, g
EACrcdit 6, Emrssions Reduction
Ito Prerequisite
@ lntroduction and
1:
outdmr Air
EJdaust Systems
Crcdit 1.3,IAQ Best
@ llanagenent PracticesIncrcasedVentilation
â&#x201A;Ź
IEQ
Crdit 2.1, occupant
Comfod-occupant Suryry IEQ
the bullding's
r
Use the USGBC
eligibility or other
calculatorto determinethe best benchmark and eligible
pornts,
: o
ENERGY STAR usâ&#x201A;Źs Commercial Buildings Enefg/ Consumption Suruey (CBEcS) as its baseline.
The alternative benchmarks use either CBECS, buildlngs with comparable uses and climate zones, or historical data as the baseline.
Crcdit 2.4:occupant
@ Comfod-Daylight and views 72
ENERGY STAR rating
applicable benchmark.
Reporting
IEQ
have whole-building energy meters, install melers immediately to qLralify the project.
USGBC Studv Gu de ior LEED AP Ooeratons + Ma nienance
TIME LINUTEAM IMPLEMENIATION, CONTINUED
a a a
Assess the building's current
eners' pertormance level.
lmprove enersf performance_through system upgrades or installations.
lmprove enersf pertormance through operations and maintenance strategies.
a
tA Pterequisite 2
Incorporate equipment-upgrade.strategies r'/ith the capital improvement plan established in commissioning,
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
+,?e
IJ
EA
CEdit I
For documentatjon purposes, track building energy use for a minimum of
one year, keeping all utility bills, Determine and document the pfoject's site enersf use intensity and source energ/ use utilizing one of the methods reouired for this credit. The ener$r usâ&#x201A;Ź data must include energf from electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, diesel fuel, districl steam or hot water, district chilled water, propane, liquid propane and wood, Renewable ener$r generated and consumed onsite is excluded lrom these calculations.
NOTES IIone
Ener$, and Atmcphâ&#x201A;Ź|e
73
KEY TERMS
INTENT
cHtoRoRrJoRocARE0lts (cFcs)
To reduce stratospheric ozone depletion.
HEATI'{G,
Vtt,II ll-ATr0N, AIR-
c0lrDrTt0r{[{G, AftD REtRtGERAnofi SYSTEM (HVAC&R) SIMPLE PAYEACK
REOUIREMENTS STANDARDS u.S. EPA Clern An
tut, lille vl, Se.tion
608, Reldgerant Recycling Rule
RELATED CREDITS
4L
w
EA
credit 5, Enhanced
Use no chlorolluorocarbon (CFc)-based refrigerants in building heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and refri8e6tion (HVAC&R) systems unless a third.party audrt shows that sysLem repracenent or corversion is not economically feasible or il is demonstrated that a phaseout plan for CFCbased reftigerants is in place.
IMPLEMENTATION No CFcs-prerequisite achievedl
Relrigeranl Management
The prerequisite isconcerned onlywith CFCS in base building systems. Base buildinS systems are those that contain 0.5 pound of refrigerant or more. Smaller HVAC&R unrls are exempt.
lf a building receives energy (chilled or heaied water) fiom a central plant, the refrigerant in the central plant must be considered in the caTculations.
BesuretouseClean AirAct,litleVl, RuleS08procedurestorrefrigerant management, reporting and maintaining acceptable leakage rates for CFC refrigerants.
lf CFCS are present, have a third party perform an audit to determine whether system replacenent or conversion is economically leasible. 1-. lf replacement or conversion is determined economically feasible,
develop a phase-out plan and commit to phasing out CFC-bas€d refrjgerants within five years,
'r
The reDlacement Dlan is determined to be infeasible when the simple payback period (the length of time required to recoup the initial investment from an operational improvement or capital investment) exceeds 10 years.
USGBC StLidy Guide for IEED AP Operations + Maintenance
TIME LINE/TEAM
DOCUM€NTATION & CALCULATIONS For documentation purposes, certify that there are no CFCS in the base building HVAC&R systems- ll CFCS are present, provide either an economic analysis or a phase-out p an. Also calculate the Leakage rate of systems
with
CFCS. 1 lroD $! UED Sel.l.nce 6uid. ior 11a. Annual Le.kase Rate (%).
Equrtlon
hll
Gl.rn luilrliri openlions &
x _x Wnerc: Ie mme elapsed) = the shod€r or 365 fefriSerait was last add€d.
I.tl.
I
lrom
!r
uto L'le|a|c.
Prt.l4?.Ozone Depletion
Gui.b
(l
cFc.502
y€ar) or the number of days since
tu Gr.m &tlding Q.ntion. & [.inhmm., zqrs-
cdM LO
Buildlna lpprlc.dom
4,640
to,7&
cFc-12 cFc.114
lm%
and GlobalWaming Potentials or ReliSerants (100-Y€ar
ChlddUcqtbd ndda.nnt
cfc.tr
t$.itu rnc.,200e,
NOTES
0.94
9,4@
0.605
7,900
cent/ilug.l chilkc, humidili€E
4.22r
4,600
Lowl6mperaiurc retLgeranon
None
Ener$' and Atnosph€re
I(EY TERMS
INTENT
EIIERGY AUOIT
To encourage environmentally sensitive building exterior and hardscape management practices that provide a clean, well-maintained and safe building exteriof while suppoding high-pedormance building operations.
RETRo-C0t\4t\,|tSSt0NrNG
C0l'lMlSSl0l{ll{G RECOMI\4ISSIONING SIMPI.E PAYBACK
REQUIREMENTS
STANDARDS Survey and Analysis
Build from the procedures established in EA Prerequisite I by performing either commissioning or an ASHRAE Level ll energ/ audit.
RELAT€D CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
.@EilfiffiH:Ti;ffi.fl*
Choose either commissioning or an ASHRAE Level similar outcomes, but use different methods,
ISHR|E Level ll,
trcrg
Audit, Energ
Practices-Planning,
a
Documertation, and
Develop
lmpleneniation
&i$ing Building
Comnissioning--4ngoing Comnissioning
a
retro-commissioning, recommrssioninB
r . .
or
ongorng
Conduct the investigation and analysis phas€. Document lhe breakdown of enerry use in the building.
List the operating problems that affect occupant comfort and energ)' use and the proposed solutions,
.
List identified capital improvements and a cost-benefit analysis for each improvement,
USGBC Study Guide
have
commissioning plan.
r@,;iif.T;fi,.'l]ll'"*Credit 2.3,
audit-they
Commissioning process,
0pportunlty Assessment.
tI
ll
lo. LEED AP Operations + Maint€nance
,., ii.:.':-i,:Jl: ..1
.
:.
*k
il: rr'a;:jrli
For documentation purposes. perform an investigation and analysis of lhe burldlngl systems and develop a breakdown of eners/ end uses. Provide a ist of operational issues and capital improvements, along w th est rnated costs and antic pated savings.
c!lations required for the Leve 1i audit of this credit are detailed n ihe referenced standard, ASHRAE Procedures for Commercial Burldrng Energy
Ca
*,-.
Audits.
e
ll ener$/ audit: Conduct an energy aLrdit that meets the requirements of
ll
J
&"-.ffi
ASHRAE Level
ASHRAE Level
6 ENGTNEER a"n,"aa"
"u,,o,no
an
Energy Suruey and Analys s.
Pedorm a savings and cost analys s of all pract cal measures and ons and maintenarce procedures,
thelr mplicatlons on operat
List identified capital improvements and a cosfbenef t analysis for each improvement.
tl'flple Prt!
Level r,
lron n!€ LttD tclclence Orld.lor cr.m luildint op.ridoft &
l$rirrlMre, 269.
175.
ll-Energ
tuDfiaolnqs
i;, Survey & Analysis Report
llsel!
rll
:
N0ne
tiotlllllls€)
Show ca culat on of descf pt on ol soitware used.
2. Building Syslem. D.$ription
Includean inventwolmalo.ene.gusingequrpmenl 3.
4,
Rei6Ld Etled Eltrci.ftr ao6 Li5t m6tr6 ensidecd but nol deemed pr-licar.
Rromm*d.d €n.E Efii.i.m' M.4c Fofeach measurc, dent'lycau*ol ex.essene,ryu<e Desr be each measure aid s mpa.t repa 6 needed. mpacton occupanl opect'ons. impact on 0&M procedures and cos1s, equ pnent rde.xpeclancy sruer mpacr on operalinc sialf sl s. and ca cualions us'l (or
5. Tabl€ of Estimated
Shw the 5.
C6t5
value and esl'mated acc!.acr of lhe estim.te
OEnll PDj.cl
Ecmnt E{b.rior
IndiGle the tolal value il all meastrB
arc adopted.
denliiythe approprale mersuremeiiand
ver I cal on oplron tor verincat od of prclected sav ngs
8.Potential capit l ldprovem.nblorLevel lll Analysk denlilycapta itensive meas($that may be feasbe.
Energy and Atmosphere
77
KEY TERMS
INTENT
RTTROIIT
To implement minor improvements and identity planned capital projects to ensure that the building's major eneryy-using syslems are repaircd, operated and maintained eflectively to optimize enerS' performance.
SIMPLE PAYBACI(
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
llone
lmplement no- or low-cost operational improvements and create a capital plan for major relrofits or upgrades. Demonstrate the observed and/or anticipated tinancial costs and benefits of the measures implemented. Update the building operating plan as necessary Provide training for management staff.
RELATED CR EDITS EA Pre@quisite
tff iciency
l,
Ener$l
East lranagement
Practicet-Planning, oocunentation, and
0ppo unityAssessment.
IMPLEMENTATION l4eeting the credit requirements is fairly straightforward. lmplementation measures to improve operations, efficiency and occupant comfort:
ol immediate, cost+ffective
a
ttr Credit 2.1, &isting Euilding CommissioningInwsligataon EA Cledit 2.3,
Euildiog
Eristing
Comnissioning-
No-cost improvements are operational
a .
0ngoing Commissioning
.
procedural changes,
Low-cost improvements are minor equipment repairs or upgrades and staff training or retraining. "Low cost" is defined by the proiect team, the proiect goals, the owner and the project budgets.
At least 50% of the proposed measrrcs must be completed by the end of the oerformance oeriod.
r !r
7E
or
adjustments to equipment run-time or setpoints.
Develop a formal capital plan for major upgrades.
Provide cost-benefit analyses for all proposed improvements to illustrate the financial logic for those measures.
r)
Only update the building operating plan if there have been changes in the occupancy schedule, equlpment run-time schedule, design set points and lighting levels.
r)
Pfovlde staff training related to building operations,
USGBC Studv Gulde for LEED AP ooemtions + l\,laintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULAIIONS For documentation pufposes, track a I no- and ow-cost operational improvements and minor repairs implemented dulng the performance perod and their assoclated cost savrngs. Note any changes to the bullding systems in the building operating plans. Record the training provided lo management staff,
txample: Pro,ect teams can us€ any payback analysis that they see lit, including a simple payback, a return on investmenl or a cosl-benefit ratio. The simple payback period is the length of time required to recoup the initial investment from an operational improvement or capital investment. This calculation is lseful for understand ng when the lnvestment wil effectively pay for itself and begin to generate actual net savings. Equ.lion 1 rrom $! LEED Rd!r!nc. Guid.lorGreen 181. Simple Paybacl Peiod.
clr 5; TIME LINVTEAM
Bulldlii ot.r.tlon3& ileint.nanc.,2009.
Pri.
Annu.l 0p€6ting gvinss ($)
El.npb |r!||| tn. Page
U|ED
n.hr.nc. Cdd.
for G.t€n
luildl||l 0!.nton
&
[.idrr.nc.,
2O(8.
182- l8il.
NOTES ll0ne
Sample Low- or No-Cost lveasures
1.
Have outsde rir uiits go to a sepa%ie contfolpoint on ih€ ene€y rnan€Eement system and repfogram them to fun only durinS occupancy.
2.
Replace manual lhemostats with p@C.amfiable therfiost6ts ln designated
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a. 9. 10.
Opi'mrze start rnd stop
trm6 roratr handlinS un'ts.
Change s€quence of op€ration tor chille's to better match cooling demand.
Insiall optimization conlrolleB on all relrig€rated b€Er,g€ wnding machin6. R€Dal th€
motoird
danDer notor for outside air intake.
Repanor Eplace nonfunctionin8 tempehture and humidity sensors. Repair duct leaks at indicated l@ations. Repro8ranr DDC ReprcErarn
iirier
controsio prcvent s mu taneous heaiing and cooliig in switches
lora ldomestc water he8telsto maich
usage
En€€y and Ainrosph€re
KEY TERMS
INTENT
0NG0rNc coMMisst0NtflG
To use commissioning to address changes in facility occupancy, use, maintenance and repair. l\,lake periodic adjustments and reviews of building operating systems and procedures essential for optimal enerry efficiency and sewice provision.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
ll0ne
lmplement an ongoing commissioning program and F written plan that summarizes the overall commissioning cycle. Complete at least hall of the scope of work in the first commissioning cycle. Ljpdate the building operating plan as necessary
RELATED CREOITS
IMPLEMENTATION
@r Elli:ffHx; ;;',,:'J,?,"
a
Practices-Planning, Documentation, and 0ppodunity Assessmeot.
a
,s,ff,firJ;hTlti'*Investigation
a
Bisling Boilding ConmissioningEA
Crcdit 2.2:
Commissioning is based on performance testing and data that illustrate how a sFtem is functioning, and it identities opportunities for imDrovement. Where does one commissioning staft and the other end? Ongoing commissioning is a continuous, dynamic process intended to facilitate the efficient operation of a previously retrecommissioned building. Preventive maintenance velsus commissioninS---{rhatb the difference?
r
lmplementation
. a
Preventive maintenance consists of individual maintenance tasks to make sure individlal equipment or building subsystems opente effectively and eff iciently.
Commissioning emphasizes a systems-wide approach, continually making sure that indoor conditions and enerB'-powered buildinS systems are understood, monitored and repaired,
Create
a
detailed schedule
lor the
completion
of the
overall
commissioning cycle that meets the tollowing requirementsr
, '
EO
The schedule does not erceed 24 months, and at least half is completed within the performance period. The schedule lists all relevaft building equipment, by system or componenl type.
USGBC Sfudy Guide fof LEED AP Operations + Mr ntenance
'r , rr; ;i:: :.1 :. rl.l
.
.
't
. , I t ., i : :-: :
The schedule specifies the frequency ot pedormance tests per equiprnent type.
|.:
Update the building operai ng plans if ihere have been changes to the
I
burld ng systenrs.
I
..,,..r_::.-r.
i.,, .',.,tt i.. I,.r., I.t-II.,.,I :i'lj,
For documentation purposes, formulate an ongoing commissioning cycle and schedule and record data and costs for completed phases. Note any changes to the bu ld ng systems n the bui ding operatirg p ans. Er.npl.liomrhe
LIED nele.en0e Guid€ lorGre€n Building op.ralions& Mainl.nance,2009.
Ptg. 18a. Ongoing Commissioning Program
l,
OvBi.v
2,
Oruoing
ot
ocriatid! t-iliti6 i..n
iElud€d in ih. dEoing coDDtsio.ina p|.eEm
comoishnin,
.
Roles and rcspons
.
T,aininC @qurcneits
b
tes
N0ne
3. BuildingsFlems Included In lhe prcBEn Ongoing commhsioniry cy.le Md schedule Monito ry, tesli.g, .nd D.fon.nce E ficalion plan
. . .
BAS rrend lo3 dlagiosiics Portabre daia roegd
Rep.rt lomals and
diagiGtics
drsninalion
5. Sds and t6l .quipDnt dlibr.ti.n dan 7. l$u. Identilic.lion .nd R6pons Frolocols 8. Ongoing con n brionlna .nn!. | rclon
. . .
Summaryor ssuesresoved Ongoinecommssonrng proghn cosls Sav ngsrealed to resolved ssles
A
Buildingoperati4 plan (and rcvision h'siory) B. Ens8y audit reoolts (L*r I and Le€rrl) C. Prc€ntire ma inlen:nce p lan D. Bur ld ing aulomal ion syst€h {BAS) PM plan E RelrcconmksionidS rcpol| i
Enel8y and AimGphere
EI
KEY TERMS BUI0
|G
AUI0 AT|o
Pfl EVENTIVE
INTENT SYSTTM
MAIIfl TIIAITCI
To provide information
to
support the ongoing accountability and
optimization ot building enerB' performance and identify opportunities for additional enersFsaving investments.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
llone
Have in place a computeFbased building automation systern (BAS) and
preventive maintenance program lighting, at a minimum.
RELATED CREDITS
@,
[lii:
l;',1,1il,f,i-*
@ fflJffI;fi''1t:i:n,_
,L w
Crcdit 3.2, Perfomance
Measu@menl-system-tevel
.
Know your
conhds-a separate
a
A BAS needs propef maintenance and calibration to operate efficiently.
Calibrate senso.s regularly to ensure accurate data and prevent unnecessary enerB/ Consumptaon.
a
Compile trend data fdr the building systems to review with staff.
lEo CGdit 2.2, Contrcllabilitt
a2
BAS can be used for liShting, but all
HVAC functions should be on the same BAS.
Meteing
ol
and
IMPLEMENTATION
0ngoing Conmissioning EA
for heating, cooling, ventilation
Systetns{ighting
USGBC Study Guide lor LEED AP oDelations + Maintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
a
l\raintain documentation of the BAS operation and function. Retain periodic BAS repods that verify function and programming, as well as a Dreventive maintenance Dlan.
a
TIME LINE/TEAM
Document any decisions made based on the data from the BAS.
+?+ OJ NOTES Investing in a BAS helps ensurclhat Squipment is performing as intended and that signific,nt energy savings can be realized. A 8AS consasts of sensoas,
c0ntollers
and controlld devices. A 8AS for the lighting syste0 sh0uld be able to schedule
lightsto Enain
otl during unoccupied tines. (niil of the synergies with SS CreditS, Light Pollution Râ&#x201A;Źduction, and lE0 C.edit 2.2, Controllability ot SystemsLishtins.) A BAS lor the HVAC
sFtem should be
able to monitor the shtus ol sensors aod contots, povide scheduling to
lum otf equipment that is not in
use, schedule set poirts and
p0ide
lrendang-
Enâ&#x201A;Źls' and Atmpherc
83
KEY TERMS
INTENT
SUBMtItRNG
To provide accurate enersf-us€ information to support enerBf managemeni
II{ERGY AUDIT
and identify opportunities for additional enerSy-savinS improvements.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS Based on the enersf-use breakdown, employ system-level metering covering
llone
at least 40% or 80% of the total expected annual energ!' consumption of the building.
RELATED CREDITS
@l}li:ff;ll,l;'.liH,-
IMPLEMENTATION
o
P|?ctices-+lanning, Documentation, and opportunity Assessment
flfffi,'#i'#iT,:"* @ff,fl1f;"11.T$;lf'*_
a
tl
Crdit 3.1: Perlormance Meas[renent-Euildinc Altomation E/shm
a4
USGBC
An energ end-use breakdown can also be developed through
an
analysis ol enerS' bills and spot meterinS.
a
Only include those subsystems that are responsible for 10% or more of
the building! total consumption.
o
0ngoing Commissioning
,6 'g'
Use existing documents. A breakdown ol the building! energy us€ can be conducted in conjunction with EA Credit 2.1.
o
lf cunent levels of submetering do not meet the credit requirements, install additional metering systems. Manualmeter readings do not qualify- Metering and recording systems
must be permanent, continuous, automatic and electronic.
StldyGuide fof LEED AP Ooe|ations + ilaintensnc€
\
Track energy use for each system metered. Create a list of the type and location of system-leve rneters.
ri
IVa ntain a written record of preventive maintenance practices related to the meters and save the calibration reports.
!
Realizing credit synergies cuts down on documentation-use the ener$r use breakdown developed for EA Credit 2.1'
Meeting measurementthresholdscan be challenging: You m ust demonstrate that 80% of the largest energy Lrse categories (outlined below) are metered (one of the argest loads for 1 point, or two of the three largest loads lor 2
c,-*^n
b-d
pornrs/. Chadlrcm lh€ LIED R€f€rcnc. Guideror creen Buildinl 0p.ratloft & Malnt.nance,2009.
Pate 197, SY.t
n
Lewl
L.ul E .tal c.dnprio lo b. u.Lcd
Poe.la$
ot ToLl
tlet ins n.quircnol!
Numbd of lo b.
lrE6t Clfud
En rO UE br 80* d
C.h8qi6
||e
i.ll. :' ' 2
None Tabl€
l
lromlhe LEEo R.l.r.nc! Cuid.lorGresn Suilding opllltions & Mrint.nance,2009.
Pa$ 200- Samp e Summary oi EneGy and lveter ne Capac ty.
I,995,000
25%
20%
t1% o%
/9 400
478,AAA
Energy and Atm6phere
a5
KEY TERMS
INTENT
GREEN E
To encourage and recognize increasing levels of on- and
off-site renewable' energy to r€duce the environmental and economic impact of fossil fuel
MBTUS (MILLIONS OF BRITISH
enerSy use.
THERMALIJNITS) RENEWABI"T ENERGY CERTIf ICATES
(Rrc)
REOUIREMENTS
STANDARDS Center lor Resource Solutions Green-e
tnerg Certilication
Pmgram
lvleet some or all of the building's enersi needs with on-site and/or off-site renewable ener$/ systems, tor up to six points.
25%
I 2
RELATED CREDITS
a
9%
75%
t2%
100%
5
This credit allows two approaches, which can be used s€parately or
,'
,r
mentation, and
t
.@r.
[if lilll i."i,ilili1i5'*
.8]
il,ffll,3;ii,"'*''''*
On-site, nonpollutinS renewable technologiesi and
Off-site with the purchase of fenewable enef$/ or renewable energy certificates (RECs).
I a a a
Eligible on-site systems include photovoltaic systems, wind energy systems, solar therrnal systems, some biofuel-based systems, Seothermal energy systems, low-impact hydfoelectric power systems and wave and tidal power systems. Inelig bl€ on-site systems include architectural features, passive solar strategies, daylighting strategies and geoexchange systems (ground source heat pumps). A two-year contract is required for th€ purchase of off-site renewable energji certified by Green-e or equivalent.
off-site renewable energy can come from any combination of three soufces: a power prcvlder, a
86
3
combined:
Practices +laoning, 0pportunity Assessmefl
50%
62.5%
IMPLEMENTATION
@ [}:::ff;:ji;;'"t?1,1,.. Docu
6% 7.a%
USGBC Studv Guideior LEED AP Ooefatons + lvaintenanc€
ltility
program, or RECs or carbon offsets.
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULAIIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
For documentation pufposes, track annual energy use, indicating the portion of energ!' use supplied by alternative sources. Make sure the total enersf listed here is consistent across other credits. Document the percentage oI annual energy that comes from on-site and off-site renewable sources, or a combination of both, To combine both sources, convert on-site sources to a percentage of off-site sources: I lron nu UED lcLlcnc! cuidc lor crlrn luildl|a 0l.ndorc & 210, Of'.site Equ valency ror on site Renewable EneGy.
Equ.lion
?.tc
e _ o"...r.cee or.st. w EoL/arercy-a*"*ereEss^;6
oe cer$se
ofi.r
U.inr!n.nc., 20(xt.
25(n
r?r
5;
Calculation examplel
a
A project building consumes only electricity and has a performance Period of 2 years.
a
Annual enerSf consumption for the project building and site is 5OO MBtus of electricity, or 1,000 MBtus over the 2-year performance penod.
o
NOTES None
Dufing those 2 years, a contract was in place to purchase 450 lt4Btus RECS. In addition, an on-ste PV system produced 10 lVIBtus per
of
yeat.
o a
off-site renewable energy for the performance period constrtutes 45% of total energy consumption (450 MBtus / 1,000 lVBtus). On-site renewable energ!' forthe perlormance period constitutes 1% ot
total energy consumption (10 lrBtus
a a
/ 1,000
The off-site equ iva lency oI the PV energy is
8
MBtus).
.33% Oy.
\
(25% +
3%|
The sum of on-site and off-site €quivalent sources is 53.33% (45% + 8.33%), and the project earns 3 points.
EneB, and Atmospherc
a7
KEY TERMS
INTENT
cHr-oRoFLUoRocARBor{s (cFcs)
To reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance
HYl)RoCHt-oRottu0R0cAR80 s
Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to Slobal climate change.
with the Montreal
(HCfCS) TIRE.SUPPRESSIOI{ SYSIEiIS
H
-0r{s
HVAC&R: HEATII{G, VEIITIITTION, AIR.
COI{DITIOIIIIIG AIID REFRIGERATIOI{
sYstElt
REOUIREMENTS Either use no refrigerants in building HVAC&R or fire-suppression systems or verify that the retrigerants do not exceed the maximum threshold for combined contributions to ozone depletion and global warming potential,
STANDARDS lbne
IMPLEMENTATION
RELATED CREDITS P.erequisite 3' tundamertal Reftigerant Manage0ent EA
o w
ttr Prcaouisite 2, Minimom Energy Efficiency
Perfornarce tA Credit l,optimi2e Energ tfficienct Pedomance
. o a
No refrigerants, no problem
-
credit achieved!
Base buildinS systems are those that contain 0.5 pound of refrigerant or more (including ceniral plants). Smaller HVAC&R units are exempt.
It it is necessaryto use refrigennts, consultthe LEED Reference Guide when selecting refrigerants vrith lower ozone-depleting and globalwarming potentials, and try one of the follovring strategies:
,
Try natural refrigeranb, such as water, carbon dioxide and ammonta.
88
USGBC
Stdy
,,
Slow the leak---select equipment with efficient refrigerant charge.
.'
Consider the equipment s€rvice
,
Use alternative fire-suppression systems.
Guid€ for LEEo AP opeEtions + Maintenrnce
life-the
longer the better.
..... Certify that the base building HVAC&R systems contain no CFCS. lf CFCS are present, provide either an economac analysis or a phase out plan. The team must also calculate the leakage rate ot a system with
#."?",b
CFCs.
'.
The max mum thresho d for combined contributions to ozone depletion
and global warm
rg potential s a
long calculation. The following equation provides the basic rundown of the computation: Note
!t
l-"ffi
that EA Prerequste 3 sets the stage and develops a pan lor
refrigerants used n the bu ding. Equrlion
ton th!
IEED nelerence euid€
lor eEe. BuildinS op.tations & Maintonance,2009.
Paa.2l5.
LCGWP+LCODPXtO5<100 li.
TaDl. I trdn UID n.r.r.rc. Guide ror GEr Building 0[3 .tiom & Mainilnanc., ZDq Pagl2t9. O2one-Depletion and GlobalWarming Potentials ot Refdgerants (loo-Year
CmmM
Bl dft A0oli.rlir.i None
9,300
Centluga ch ers, hum
d
fe6
Low.lenperarure ret. Seralion
NaFC-22
ftcFc-123
0.02
76
12,244
t,320
Ultra.lw.iemPeralut rctGe.atioo CFC 12 ot HCFC.22 rcpiacement
Insul.lron aeent, cenlr'lusal chille6
Lfl .lemp.raturc €tr€edl'on
L@.r€me€'aru'e retEeErion
i I
-'l
.]i ii
i
j
EnerS/ and Atmosphere
a9
KEY TERMS
INTENT
CARSOI.I EQUIVALEflIS (CO2E)
To document the emissions reduction benefits
WRUI,VSBC
GnEEilll0USE
GAS
of building efficiency
measures.
REMRTIIIG PROTOCOT
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
llone
Track, record and report emissions reductions through energ/ efficiency improvements and renewable ener$' for building operational systems.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
,i w'
o
EA Prerequisite 2'
lrinimum
Energr Etliciencl Perlonnance
ia:lfffilHtflf,:"* '.@- .
al W
ilf fr ll'fi
il*
t'"0'"
EI Credil 4: on.site .nd otfsite Renewable tnergy
o o a
Required to include: Emissions from the use ol on-site fuel, such as natural gas, and emissions from purchased electricity, AchievinS emissions reductions is nol requhed to earn this credit.
Include reductions from the purchas€ of off-site renewable energf or purchased renewable energf certif icates. This credit can be easily achieved by using ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager.
o
rete6to ca6on equivalents, takinS into account not only Carbon Dioxide (CO2) but tive other significant greenhouse
The abbreviation CO2e gases.
90
USGBC
StudyGuidelo. LEED AP OpeBtions + Maintenanc€
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATION5
TIME LINE/TEAM
It's not just about tracking and recording, but it's about repoding too - be sure to include the report or certificate ffom a formal third-party reporting agency.
Em,sd3
-
_B&Llm -
_
P..,lq.?n!"
Calculation example, where the abbreviation CO2e signifies carbon eouivalentsl
a a a a
Performance period emissions = emissions from on-site ener$f use (Irom fuel such as natural gas) + emissions from purchased electricity - emissions trom rcnewable enersr purchase./generation;
r?r
bi
Performance period emissions = 6,500 tons CO2e + 7,000 tons c02e - 500 tons co2e = 13.000 tons CO2e: Baseline emissions
= 14,000 tons CO2e;
Emissions reduction
=
baseline emissions
-.
performance period
emissions; and
I
Emissions reduction = 14,000 tons CO2e
= 1,000 tons C02e.
- 13,000 ton CO2e
NOIES Emissions tracking and Eduction lepoding c8n become a key pad of an
oryanization! com mitmed to social responsibility. Tracking enissions allows the o$mer,
thetenant and clients to be arvare of the issue and what is being done
aboutit.
Eie€y and Aimosphere
9!
Name major energy"consuming sFtems that may be analyzed during the walkthrough (EA Prerequisite l):
What are some of the benefits of commissioning?
UUhich EA
crcdits us€ ENERGY STAR outputs?
Which credii r€quires reporiing of emission r€duction measurcs? What a.e the benetits of doing this fol a proiect?
What are some slrategies
to
achieve increased levels
Derformance?
92
USGBC Study Guide for LEEDAP opentaons + IUaintenance
of
opeEting ener$l
./
t..
ii
li-1
,"
a
Sketch the srte herc
Enâ&#x201A;Źrgy and Atmosphere
93
94
USCBC Stodv Guid€ for LEED AP ooerations + l\4aintenaic€
:ir\'Ar,,wfr
Kcv
or pati
ilil
Ener$' and Atmosphere
95
NOTES...
USGBC Sludy Guidâ&#x201A;Ź tor LEEDAP
0De6tions+ Maintenance
The Materials and Resources (MR) category focuses on the environmental impact of materials brought into the project building and the minimization of landfill and incinerator disposal for materials taken out of the building. The ultimate aim is to reduce the quantity of waste produced by a building while impJoving the building environment through responsible procurement practices and implementing policies and stralegies ihat support these efforts.
WHAT ABOUT MATERIALS AND RESOURCES?
ft'l '--'
Where do building materials come from?
a,;3) what will hapPen to them
--'
when they are no longer in u5e?
'';'t \/
How do you know whether a building material is healthy?
a;\
What is in your waste stream?
/G\ \:i,r
How much waste is generated f iom construction and demolition in the United States?
\:.9
Kaâ&#x201A;Źes-Faulconbridee Off ice Building, Pholo by Mr. Jim GallodGallop Studio
Materials rnd Re$ur.es
susT{t{atlE PuRct{As[{o
lr
|{R PntREQ{.llSlTE
Susbinabl€ P{rchaslq Pollcy
FooNrit-l
L] I
":'':r"i'::':
I
THE OVERVIEW Here, waste reduction istackled through both waste mili8ation and responsible procurement practices.
The IVR category focuses on the following measures:
a a a a a a
Selectin8 sustainable materialsi Practicing waste reduction strategies; Reducing waste at its source; Reusing and recyclingi
Reducing mercury pollution; and FollowinS facility alterations and additions standards.
lvlain issues to focus on are the environmental impact of materials brought into the project building and the minimization of landfill and incinerator disposal of matefials taken out ot the building. The
various cr€dits aim for effective management of purchasing and waste, material use reduction and
the specification of less harmful materials to effectively reduce a building's overall impact on the environment. Practical waste manaSement policies, in conjunction with purchasinB policies that
9E
USGBC Studv Guide
iof LEED AP oDeEtions + M.int€nance
reduce waste and specify less harmful materials and supplies, can effectively reduce a bualdang's
overall impact on the environment. Additionally, conducting a waste audit can sel performance improvement strategies. When accounting
for materials during lhe performance peraod, the projecl team should obtain
correct cost data and encourage tenants to participate by sharingtheir purchasing and waste data.
.
For many of the MR credits, the project team can elect to exclude up to 10% of the project building's
total floor area if the operations of those spaces are under separate management. For any credit, estimated and actual purchase data must represent at least 90% of the entire project building based on floor area. There are n!merous materia standards to be fami iar with as they are similar across many cred ts
and wlthin other green buiding rating systems. These lnclude recycled content materials, FSC wood, Energy Star Qualified Products, Floorscore, and regional materials. Additionally, the rating system addresses food and allows for many peformance standards surrounding the purchasing of such oroducts.
SYNERGIES The credits in this category are very closely related, as the materials purchased result in the waste generated for a building. Thinkofthetenantandbuildingmaterialuseasacycleaffectedbymaterial
selâ&#x201A;Źction and sLrstainable purchasinS, waste disposal and waste reduction. Develop purchasing and waste policies in conjunction, implement them at the build ng, and then track pedormance, Note
that similar standards and calculations are used acfoss the credits.
Materials and Resources
99
MATERIATS AND RESOURCES CREDITS
\
I MR Prerequisite 2 MR Credil I MRCrodil2 MRCredil3 MR Credit 4 MR Credit 5 MR Credit 6 MR Credit 7 MR Credit I MR Credit I MR Prerequisite
t,'
Sustainable Purchasing Policy Solid Waste Management Policy SJstainable Purchasing--{ngoing Consumables
SustainablePurchasing-Durablecoods SustainablePurchasing-FacilityAlterationsandAdditions Sustainable Purchasing-Reduced Mercury in Lamps Sustainable Purchasing-Food Solid Waste Management-Waste Stream Audit Solid Waste Management-Ongoing Consumables Solid Waste Management-Durable Goods Solid Waste Management-Facility Alterations and Additions
CATEGORY HIGHTIGHTS a
The prerequisites tocus on developing policies; the credits focus on actual performance.
a
Every credit in this category is worth one
point. Some are eligible for exemplary
performance. Every prerequisite in this category is measured during implementation and every credit is measured during the performance period.
o
Credits in this category are not related to credits in any other category
a
Significant documentation is required tor most c.edits; either tor items purchased and their costs or for the amounts ot waste diverted from landfills. Each sustainable purchasing credit has a different referenced standard, rellecting the ditferent products covered in the credits. One set of calculations in this category applies to sustainable purchasinS credits MR Credit
2, MR Credit 3, and MR Credit 5l
o o
Sample weighted value ot purchasesi and
Estimate for non-participating tenant.
The waste management credits MR Credit 7, MR Credit 8 and MR Credit 9 require only simple calculations of percentages of waste diverted.
to0
USGBC Sludy
Gui& fof LEED AP Opâ&#x201A;ŹEtions + Maintenance
KEY TERMS All.rnative daily cov€r
lVaterial (other than earthen materlal) that is placed on the surface of the active face of a municipal solid waste landfill at the end of €ach operatinS day to conhol vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenSing.
Chain-of.custody (CoC))
A tracking procedure for a product from the point of haryest or extraction to its end use, including all successive stages of processing,
transformation, manufacturing, and distribution. Co[stsuction
ad
denolitior d.bris
Construction,
Waste and recyclables generated from construction and from the renovation, demolition, or deconshuction of preexisting structures. does not include land-clearing debris, such as soil, vegetation, and rocks.
It
All of the above plus soil, vegetation, and rock from land cleadng.
demolitio[, a[d land-
cle..iry d.bris Design light ou$ut
The light output of lamps at 40% of their useful life.
ourable goods
that have a us€ful life of 2 years or more and are replaced infrequently or may requare capital program outlays. Examples include turniture, office equipment, appliances, exlernal power adapte6, televisaons, and audiovisual equipment.
Facility altsrations a|td additions
The changes the affect usable space in lhe building. Mechanical, electrical, or plumbing system upgrades that involve no disruptaon to usable space afe excluded.
lncinelator
A furnace or container for burning waste materials,
lamps
A device that uses el€ctricity to produce light in any of several ways: by heating a wife for incandescenc€i by excitinS a gas that produces ultraviolet light from a luminescent materiali by generating an arc that emits visible light and some ultraviolet light; or by inducing excitaiion of mercury through radio frequencies, Lighlemitting diodes packaged as traditional lamps also meet this definition.
Lamp lito
The usefu operating life of the sources of adificial light, such as bulbs.
Goods
l,latef ials and Resouf ces
lol
KEY TERMS landfills
A waste disposal sites for solid waste from human activities.
Lile-cycle costing
An accountlng methodolo$i used to evalLrate the economic performance of a product of system over its useful life. lt considers operating costs, maintenance exDenses, and other economic factors.
umen
A unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted in a unii solid angle by a uniform Doint source of 1 candle intensitv.
ongoing consumables
Products that have a low cost per unit and are regularly used and replaced in the course of business. Examples include paper, toner cartridges, binde6, battenes, and desk accessories.
Picogram
I hrllionth of a gram.
Posbonslmer racyclad
The percentaSe of material in a product that,lras consumer waste. The recycled material was generated by hoLrsehold, commercial, industrial, or institutional end-users and can no longer be used for its intended purpose. lt includes returns of materials from the dislribution chain. Examples include construction and demolition debris, materials collected through recycling programs, discarded products (e.g., furniture, cabinetry deckinS), and landscaping waste (e.g., leaves, grass clippinSs, tree trimmln8s). (lS0 14021)
contcnt
Preconsumer recycled
c0
ent
The percentage of material in a pfodlct that was recycled from nanufacturing waste. Pteconsumer content was formerly known as post ndustrial content, Examples include planer shavings, sawd!st, bagasse, walnut shells, c!lls, tr mmed materials, over ssue publlcationsl and obsolete inventor es. Excluded are rework, regrind, or scrap materials capable of be ng reclaimed within the same process that generated them.
t02
(lS0 14021)
Rapidly remwable matafials
Agricultural products, both fiber and animal, that take 10 years or less to grow or raise and can be harvested in a sustainable fashion.
RlcFling
The collection, reprocessing, marketing, and use of materials that were diverted or recovered trcm the solid waste stream.
USGBC Sludv Guide for LEED AP ODâ&#x201A;Źrations + M.inlenance
KEY TERMS negionally edrac'ted maledals
Raw materials taken trom within a 500-mile radius of the Droiect site.
Sourc! rudlction
Reduction of the amount of unnecessary material brought into a building. Examples include purchasing products with less packaging.
sBtainable purchasing
The development, adoption, and implementation ot a procurement skate$f that supports an oryanization's sustainable purchasing policy.
ploSram
Wasla raduclion prcgram
A program that encompasses source reduction, rcuse, and recyclinS. Such a program assigns responsibility within the organization for implementation, lists the gene.ral actions that ',vill be taken to reduce waste, and describes tracking and review procedures to monitor waste reduction and imorove oerlormance.
Wasts slrlam
The overall flow of waste from the building to a landfill, incinerator, or
other disposal site.
l\,latef als and Resources
103
INTENT
KEY TERMS
To reduce the environmental impact of materials acquired for use in the operations, maintenance and upgrades of buildings.
SOURCT REDUCTIOIi SUSTAII{ABLE PURCHASI E
UFE.CYCLE COST
STANDARDS
REOUIREMENTS
llone
lmplement an environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) policy that
RELATED CREDITS
addresses the requirements of [4R Credit 1, Sustainable PurchasingOngoinS Consumables. Include at least one ot the other related purchasing credits in your policy:
MR Prerequisite 2: Solid Wasle
@ Management Policl MR Credil
l:
Sustainable
@ Purchasing--{ngoing
MR Cledit 2' Sustainable
MR
IVR Credrt 2, Sustarnable Purchasrng-Durable Goods IVR Credit 3, Sustainable
IVR Credit
Purchasing-Facility Alterations and Additions
4, Sustainable Purchasing-Reduced lMercury in Lamps
The policy should also addrcss the requirements of at least one of the MR Credits 2 through 4 for other regularly purchased items for the building and
Consunables
@ Purchasing---Durable
a a o
Gmds
Cedit 3' Sustainable
@ Punhasing-Facility
Afteratiois and Additions MR C|edit 4, Sustainable
sate.
A
purchasing policy
'rill
establish goals and practices that lead to
environmenlally preferable purchasing choices and possible waste rcduclioni lherefore, there are many material credits related to this policy.
This prerequisite requircs only policies, not ongoing actual sustainable pertormance.
Purclnsingjedoced Itlercury in LamDs lilR Cndit 5' Sustainable
@ Purchasiig-tood @
&edit 6, Solid Waste Managenent-Wasle Slrcam LlR
Audit MR Credit T,Solid Waste
Management-ongoing
IMPLEMENTATION
a
Preferable Purchasing Program guidelines.
a a
Consumables
@
[4R Crcdii 8, SolidWaste
Il/lanagefi I\4R
ent-Duf able Goods
Credit 9rSolid Waste
@ l\4anag€ment-Facility
An easy way to set prccedures is to use the EPAS Environmentally The purchasinS policy must adhere to the LEED-EB O&lV policy model
The policy should address additional purchasing objectives, such as waste and resource use red!ction, pollution and toxin reduction, effects on atmosphere and biodiversity, and economic benefits or goals.
a
Life-cycle costs: Consider lsing a life-cycle cost assessment to evaluate the economic pedormance of a product over its useful life, including operating costs, maintenance expenses and other economic factors.
Alteralions and Additions
104
.
USGBC Studv Guld€ fof LEED AP Ooefal ons + Maintenanc€
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINUTEAM
For documentation purposes, identify materials to be included in the p0licy, track polcy implementation, document any changes to the policy, and note any portions of the building not governed by the policy. EEmpl. Irom dll LEID &elereicl !uid. tor
A!.i
tuitdirg op.rrtlons
&
.int.nrnc!, 2009.
P.9.243.
-"OL
IIv
Suslainable Pu.chasing Policy ior the coLEEO Center
.ci.|s.orodlcb.ed*fli.6lhd@Fat..idreim6ib|' hae d*b!.d thl3 (vi6in6blr, pcL6br.
ciar, dmmdit ad FroruE. ldk, be CottED c€ilr
DaF4
tu'
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ia
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2
2
En ntu Por'cy S.oF In 3!3l.h.b|.dunb'.30ods'
?.2.r
Dr.br.
-di!o
Good!
2'2'1'lEflimd''l,|ygsl.h!b|' sppianc'fri,|pftl.d'De6'l. b.
ENERGY
SnRr qu,rili.d,
s6
NOTES
ha'br., A
sustainable purchasing policl
does not necessarily cost mole than 2.
Lk
+odd b.
c.{.
a conventional purchasing policy. Source reduction, waste
6 rhg 6arfud *,*. ndh.d M:nrDm.,'t2009 Ednn. De!@
ddemiEd &
in
rh. LEEo
R.r4m. Go(,. ra qr6 30id is opr.t|oD
plewntion
and reuse practices will help reduce consumption while red!cing the
building's overall operating costs
thmlgh
lower waste managemenl
fees and reductions in energy, water
andluelexpenditures.
t.a'debylh.l-''lym0n0€.'' mln
by
'.alrbr.
5.r.1
AdoPhs
lid .irorc
i3
Pdchaliia
Mdy Sm
Mri4!r lDii
Ths porcy m*lrema
i i
This prcrcquisile requires only policies, not ongoiflg actual
sustalnable pedormance.
ti. !i t)
tuc ly Mri.s!r:
irr
oubinst'ry rreLhb.
prcdu.igriai n6.i
o. i..d3
li 0@
Erhd so ng
Materialsand Resources
105
KEY TERMS
INTENT
INCINIRATOR
lo faci itate the reduciion of waste generaied by building occupants that hauled to and disposed of in landfils or incineration fac ities.
I-ANDFILL
is
RECYCLING SOURCE REDUCTIOI'{
REOUIREMENTS
STANDARDS
lmplemeht a solid waste management policy that addresses the waste management of ongoing consumables, batteries, durable goods, facility alterations and additions and mercury-containing lamps for the building and site.
l{one
RELATED CREDITS MR Prerequisile
l:
IMPLEMENTATION
a
Sustainable Purchasiflg
Policl
o
Management-Waste Siream Audit CreditT: Solid Waste Ivlanagement {}ngoing [,!R
Consumables Crcdit 8: Solid Waste
IManagement Durable Goods MR Credit 9: Solid Waste
Managemeni Facility Allemtions and Addilions
t06
OnBoing con3umables;
o Durable goods; o Facility alterations and additions; and o Nlercury-containing lamps.
MR Credit 6: Soiid Waste
I\4R
Develop an environmentally conscious waste management policy that addresses ihe following elements:
a a
The policy must adhere to the LEED-EB 0&M policy model Think aboJt additional waste reddction objectives. sLch as:
o
o o
Source redlctioni Reuse;
Recyclingi
o
Waste monitoringi and
o
Resource reduction.
UscBc Studv Guide lor LEEO AP Ooe,ations+ IUaintenance
TIME LINUTEAM
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
the
Review and verify
of
achievement
related credits, track policy
implementation, documenl any changesto the policy, and note any portions of the building not governed by the policy. Aampl. tmr
ti.
UED
Rftruncr Cuidr lor Gl.
n
lulldlry o!.btlom & Mrlni rnc., 2009.
Pa8.2aa.
il
Solid Waste lUanagement Policy
h|uld|ofiddkEdo|ii|ld|i|ko
i6 04
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.
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or
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photr4c'mni.omNl6''ndolha
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ul
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NOTES
ldih.Hj.*.rndfinl|.i|i|y..Mtong'dm|'. This prcrequisite requires only policies, not oogoiog actoal
of rhk 3roup. M
isiuvor!ft) hy
h:y
6oh..mnt €ru.. ftcun.ii.r'on
s!stainable perfomance. or
.Driebr.
or .rr
rrd.
sood! aid mrdr.b. odabr. coods 5r6m5 m6r b. kd.
This policy aims to discour,ge
lraditional waste management methods and avoid sending waste to
.'l.r'oigoiig@droh|6hy*(50/'o) 4l.2Ddab|.36d3b,*(7') .'13'Fa.iiy,|Ea|od'dd idsby-*(7o' ..r!. 3![s.!b'_n€0) ..1.5. ir.rry{olEii.rs r.gr'r burbt ur x(95:
incinerators and landlills.
s.0 Rqdu6 and sr'r4.3 5'l'ft.(R4EbkPlity)nujd. 5.2. 3arn6 nd'ks, .d L'3d3 r shou|db.d.*|op.d'
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63 I!4sL th
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h!{ e ii
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rdd
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(i.n dr6).
Matedals and Resources
t07
KEY TERMS cHAri-oF-cuST0DY
INTENT (coc)
Reducethe environmentaland airquality impactsofthe materials acq u ired for use in the operations and maintenance ol buildings.
ONGOIIIG CONSUMABLES POST.CONSUI/IIR AI{D
PRt.
CONSUI/|ER RECYCLED COI{TTI{T RAPIDLY RENEWAEtE I\4ATERIALS
Dfi RACTED
REGIONALLY
I\4ATERIALS
STANDARDS Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
REQUIREMENTS Tr"ck orgoilg corsL-lables pLrcl'ased dLrilg tle performance perlod that neet orF of the applcable sJsrailab lity criLe.ia. The credit is ach eved if 60% of purchases meet a sustainabllity criierion based on the weighted va ue of the total purchases.
The EPA! Environnentally Preferable
Purchasing (EPP) Progran gridelines
RELATED CREDITS lrR Prcrequisite
l,
@ Sustainable Ponhasing Policj
@
IMPLEMENTATION
o o
MR Prcrequisite 2, Solid
Wasle Managemenl Policy I\4R
CEdit 2, Sustainable
@ Purchasing-0urable
Goods
MR Cfedlt 6, So id Waste
@ [4anagemenl-Waste Stream Audil
MR Cr€dit 7: Solid Wasle
Man6gement-0ngoing
Use the suslainable purchasing policy establshed In l\rR Prerequisite 1to select productsthat meet one or more oI the sustainability criteria.
Review
Program guidelines,
o a a
Encourage tenant padicipatlonl For rnultiple-tenant buildings, any nonpanicipating tenants are weighted against the buildlng average, Know your excllsions - the team can exclude 10% of the pfoject's floor area from their calculations. Know the sustainability criterla and make sure your products meet at least one:
o
Consunables I'tR Crcdit 8, Solid lvasle lllana
gement-{)urable
Contains at least 10% post-consumer and/or 20olo post-industrial materaal;
o o
Goods
Contains at least 5006 rapidly renewable materials;
Contains
at least 50% materials harvested and processed or
extracted and processed within 500 miles of the proiecti
MR Crcdit 9: Solid Waste
o
Managenent-tacility Allelations and Additions
10E
the EPAs Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP)
o
Consists of at least 50% Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)certified paper productsi or Uses rechargeable batteries.
!SGBC Studv Gulde for LEED AP oDeciionr + Maintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCUTATIONS Record and retain documentation
TIME LINE/TEAM
for the costs of sustainable and
nonsustainable ongoing consumable p!rchases for all building tenants. Several key calculat ons are important to remember, incl!ding computing the weighted average for purchases and accounting for nonpart cipat ng tenarts:
Track purchases of ongo ng consumab es dur ng the perfofmance per od and document the following: Date of pufchase, Purchasirg entity, Type of item, Cost, Quantity, Sustainabe criterion met, and Documentat on method verifyirg cornp iance. Tabl. 2 lnn the lttD Rehnnc. 6uid. ror Gn n Buildiry oplbtlonr & Pag0 255. Sample D@umentation of Ongoing Con$mables. Tot l CGt ol OicDins
MdrLnrncr, 2009.
Cdsmbl6: l5m
*
E
.e
a
i
: E E
E
eE E
3/3VOa
6/6/04 Tola susla nabe pu,.hases value
a 20
$5
c
T
ri
I
a E a p
I I I I g
t
€
g
E
NOTES
€
llone
E
I
a
s
!5
$r0o 36%
2
$80
2A
$to0
$100
X
$t60 $100
Toia estanabe
ptrchssweghled
SNta nabe pm.hasesoi ongong consomables (weightsd valus) repEsenisthe fo ow percentaSe oi iora oneo ngconsumabe purclrases
ng
Froducl manuractu@c orsupp e6 doc!nenlalioi verli.s product compL ,nc. with tha pufch.*d v.lue ot speciiied susrainabili!! crir€ia lorihe iole ng perce.l6g6 ot eslainable Durchass listed abore (20% drnrmum, bv.6t)
li.
lhe
$60 72eA
64%
Materials and Reeurces
l09
KEY TERMS
INTENT
DURAEIE GOODS
To
STANDARDS
REOUIREMENTS
ENTRGY STAR@ qualif ied products
Track durable goods purchased during the perfornance period that meet one of the applicable sustainability criteria. This credit is achieved if 6070 of purchases meet a sustainable criterion based on the weighted value ofthe total purchases through one ol the following purchasing options:
reduce the environ menta I and airquality impactsofthe materialsacquired for use in the operations and maintenance of buildings.
RELATED CREDITS
@
MR Prerequislte 2: So id
MR Credil
I: Sustzinable
a a o
Consunables
CGdil6: Solid Waste lvlanagement Waste MR
a
Sircam Audit l,4R Cfed
t 7,
ilanagement Goods MR
Cedit 9: Solid
WasieManagement Facll tyAlterations and
Additions
lto
USGBC StudyGuide
Option 3:
Combination of optrons
I
and 2.
futlfe
purchase of e ectric-
Know the sustainability criteria and make sure your products meet at least one: For electric-powered equipment, the criteraa are:
o
40% of the total electric-powered equipftent must meet one ol the following:
O l)ulable
Furniture,0R
Get participationl For multiplelenant buildinSs, any nonparticipating tenants are weighted against the building average.
. r
lvJanagemenl {ngorng
lllR Crcdit 8, Solid Wast€
Option 2:
Use your purchasing policy to drive the Powered equiPment and furniture.
So id Waste
Consumables
Electric-powered equipment pufchases,
IMPLEMENTATION
Waste lvlanagement Po icy
@ Purchasing 0ngorng
option 1:
ls ENEFGY STAR qua ilied, or Rep aces conventiona gas powered equ pment,
furnture, the reqlirements are a little more comp cated but are simi ar to those for ongoing consumables 40% of total furnishings purchases must meet one o. more of the following criteria: For
o
. . . . . .
At leasi l0% poslconsumer and/or 20% postindustriat mareriat: At lead 70% materiat etvaged from off,site or outside the organiarion; At leasr 70% materiat satvaged from on site, throuSh an internal ofg:nrzaton matefrals and eqoipment reuse proS6mi At easi 50% fap d y r€newable mater a At easi 50% Forest Stewardsrrip Counc (FSC)-c€diied wood;of At east 50% maiefia harvested and proc€ssed or €xtracted and processed with n 500 mi€s of the protect.
lot LEED AP ODerations + Maiolenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINENEAM
Record and retain documentation for the costs of sustainable and nonsustainable electronic and furniture purchases for all buiidinS tenants. Several key calculations are important to remember, including computing the weighted average for purchases and accountin8 for nonparticipating
tenants. Remember to take into account the Weighted Value of products and the Estimate for Non-Participating tenants when calculating percentage of sustainable ourchases.
a
Keep items separate: oon't include purchases included in IVR Credit I or IVR Credit 3 in thrs credit.
a
Know your exclusions - the team can exclude 1070 of the project's floor area from their calculations.
Track the cost of all purchases of ongoing consumables during the performance period. For all purchases that meet one of the required criterion, document the following: oate of purchase, Purchasing entit, Type ot item, Cost, Quantity, Sustainable criterion met, and Documentation method verifying compliance.
NOTES
Tahl. I lrotr li. uEo R.hr.rc. Guid8 lor G|! r luilding opcl.llo|a & |{rlni.nanc., 21x)9. Pagr 264. Sanple Du6ble Goods Documentation. Tor.r CGr ot
l{one
o!..bt Go.d] 35,0@
!
I E !
E
d
I
E
a
r€ iE
E
i
f;
EF
!
*3
!
r.r : 6t
B!B
I
a; 9a =: dla
100
6t2t2008
500
5
Tolal suslrinable purchaes
2,500 12700
ao% 'Iotat sustainabre
D!rcha*s
2,900
'Ihe
p@{1lean has p'ov ded d€umenlalEn rrcd p.6ducl danulact!reB of suppheElhal
ver I es prcducl compxdice w1h the spec I ed susta iab l[ycrl€ia lo'lhelo lowrnS
percentage susta
ollhe purchased
iabe purchases isted
n
va ue
44L
ofthe
above (20%
n mum, by cosl);
Maler a s and Resources
ltl
KEY TERMS
INTENT
FACILII'Y ALTTRATION AND ADDITION
To reduce the environmenta and air
qua ty impact of the materials acquired
for use in the upgrade of b!ildings.
STANDARDS Forest Stewardship Counc | (FSC)
REOUIREMENTS
Floo6corc The Carpet and Rug
lnstitute (CRl)
Creen LabelTesting Program (1992) and Creen Label Plus Testing Program
(2004) Green Seal GS-11 Environmenlal
Track purchases for faci ity altefations and additions during the performance per od that meet one of the app icab e sustainability criteria. This applies only to base bu lding elements, permanently or semi permanently attached to the building itself. This credit is achieved if 50% of purchases meet a sustainability criterion based on the weiShted value of the total purchases.
Requirements for Paints
AirQ!alit M,nagement Disl.ict (8MQMD) Regolation 8, 0rganic Conpounds, Rlle 51, Adhesive and Sealant Poducts Bay Area
Soulh CoastAir 0uality Management oistrict (SCA0lilD) Rule 1168, Adhesive and Sealant Applicati0ns
IMPLEMENTATION
a
during the performance period.
a o a
[,!R Prer€quisite 1l
It4R
It4R
Policy
Prerequisite 2: Solid
@ Waste ll,lanagement
Policy
Credit 6, Solid Waste
@ lvlanagemeni WasteStrezm Audit MR Crcdit
/:
Solid Waste
Management 0ngoing Consumables I\4R
Credit 8rSolid Waste
I\ilanagement-Durable Goods MR Credit g: Solid Waste
Maoagement-Jacility Alterations and Additions
tt2
Calculations are based on materials costs, excluding labor.
This credit uses the LEED"EB O&M definition Ior alterations and additions.
RELATED CREDITS
@ Sustainable Purchasing
Use the standards set out in the purchasing policy for purchases made
Knowing the sustainability criteria for this credit is a little complicated, but the criteria are very similar to those for ongoing consumables:
1.
Plrchases must contain
2.
Purchases must conlain
3.
Purchases musiconta n at least 70oA maieriatsa vag€d from on sile,ihmugh an internal ol8anizaton matefa s and equ pment reus€ pfogfam. Purchases musi contain at leasi 5070 Epidly Enewab € materla .
4. 5. 6.
at leasi 10% pnt-consumer and/or 20%
post industrial
at le€st 70% matera salvaged i.om ofi-si1e or outside the
l€asl50% Fofest Srewardship Council ( Fsckedif ed wood. Pulchases must conialn ai leasi 50% naterial haru€sted and processed or exilacted and oroc€sed wiih n 500 mibs oi the o|oiect. 7. Adhesives.nd seaants must have a VoC conieft less than the cuirent VOC coitent lmiis of South Coast Air Qua ity MrfaSem€ni District (SCAQIMD) Rute 1168, of s€alants us€d as iille|s mlst.neet of exceed ihe reouiremenis or the Bav Area Air oua rry va_age-ent Diskrct Resulat,on 8, Rure 5l Paints and coatings must have VoC emissions not exceeding the voc and chemical component limilsof G€en Seal's St.ndard GS-Il rcquirements9. Noncanet rinished floodng most be Floodcorc+enified and mnstitute a minimum of 25% of the finished floorarca. 10. Caeet must me€t the rcquirements of the CRt Grcen Label PlusTestins Pros.am. 11- Caeet cushion must meet the rcqui€nents oftheCRl G.een Lab€tTestins Prosram. 12. Composit€ panelsand agrifibs prcducls may have no added urca fdmatdehydes. Purchases musl conta n at
8.
USGBC Study Goide for LEED AP
Ope€tio.s + Mainlenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINVTEAM
Record and retain documentation for the costs of all sustainabe and nonsustainable mater als used for facilty alterations for all buildng
Job
tenanls. Several key calculations are important to remember, including computing the weighted average for purchases and accounting tor nonparticipating
renanls.
of products and the Estimate for Non-Participating tenants when calculating percentage of Remember to take inlo account the Weighted Value
sustainable ourchases.
a o
Keep items separate: oon't include purchases included in IVR Credit 1 or IVR Credit 3 in this credit.
5;
Know your exclusions - the team can exclude 10% of the project's floor area from their calculations.
I
T.ble 5 fm ri. lf,$ naLonca 8!ld. for Gr.€n Buildiry o!.rdlon X.lnbmnce, 2(l@. Pagc 278, Sample Facility AlteEiions and Additions Documentalion.
Io|J cGr
ot
|*lllg .ddldo mL.l.l!
c
fl .s E
a
E
I a l0
6t2r2tJ8
l2o,Ooo
t 2 i :5
. E
!r
TE
dl
None
E
'i I
!a
I 38%
purchas
5a
tt !ix{
100
150 Total sustrinabl€
:I
NOTES
I
2 16,000
The prclectteam has prcvded documeitat0n from pronuct manutucturec o.supp e6lhat vernes prod!cl comp aics wilh ths sp.c ned sustarnab lycrt6ra forth. io ow ng pefcentag€ of the purchased value ol the suslainabLe pucha*s r6red abde (20% mi.imum, b, osn'
Materials and Resources
ll3
KEY TERMS
INTENT
DESLGN LICHT OUTPUT
To establsh and maintain a toxic rfaterial source reducton program to reduce the amount of mercury brought onto the building siie through lamp purchases.
LAIVIP LIFE
LAMP PICOGRAM LUMTN
REOUIREMENTS Develop a lighting purchasing plan that specifies a target level of mercury
STANDARDS
permitted llEl\lA Voluntary
Com
mitment on
in
mercury-containing lamps. The plan should specify a
Lights
maximum target lor the overall average of mercury conlent in lamps of 90 picograms per lumen-hour or less, for the building and associated grounds. Verify that at least 90% of purchased lamps comply w th thâ&#x201A;Ź plan over the pedormance period.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
ikrcury in Compact Fluopscent
te
MR Prcrequis
1,
@ Sustainabh Purchasing Policy
@
o a
n Prerequisite 2: Solid
Crcdii 6: Sold Waste
@ Managernent-l]Vasle Stream I\,!R
a
Aldit
Credit
i:
Mercury content (mg/lamp); Mean Iight oLtput (lunens): and
Rated llfe (houfs).
Develop
a plan-identify the tota number and type of
Managemeot--ongoing
a
Verify compliancer Use
the LEED Submittal Template calculator to ot purchases made based on your
MR Credlt 8: So id Wasle
establish actual pedormance
l,4anagement DuEble
purchasing plan.
Goods MR Crcdit 9, Solid Waste
anagement-tacility Alterations and Additions
ll4
mercury-
containing lamps curently installed in the building, list their metrics, and establish room for improvement in future purchases.
Solid Waste
Consumables
Use the following metrics in establishing your plan:
o o o
Waste Managemeot Policy IvlR
Deve op an environmental y conscious sustainable purchasing plan and then demonstrate actual, ongoing pedormance.
USGBC Studv Guide for LEEO AP Ooeralions+ lvaantenancâ&#x201A;Ź
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
For documentation purposes, keep all technical specification of lamps purchased from product manufact!refs or suppliers, includlng their compliance with NEI\lA guidel nes, life expectancy, ight output ard mercury content, Track purchases made over the peformance period. Exrmpl€ liom lhe LEID Relerence Cuid€ lorGr€en SulldlnS0p.rallons &
Mrlnt rnc.,2009.
P.ge 2AA.
ThrsoGnnizarion s commrtted lo rcducingth€ mercury coitent ol n€rcury{oniainrng l6mps acqui€d t* u$ in our buildinc.nd oi ou site to 16lhan 90 picogam p€i lumn houl 1.1. Ind6r, did@r, fixed, .nd portabl€ ladp3 includ€d in th. spe ol this plan. N6 mdury containing lamp6 n.y b€ included only if th€y a@ as eie4y eflicient a5 I
e
2
rh.i' mtr ury .drirn'ne dntsp.tts. 1.3. scrfl b6€d cFLs aE ercluded ,rcm this pb. ..d elculali@s il they meet Natio.al Elclical Mlhufactuer s Allilne (NEMAI st .dards l* roximum mercury content.
2.O
R6ponsible Pany 21. Feilily Manags, le Smith 2 PuEh*ing Manaaerr John Oo€ 2.3. Supprie6: Paper & Co. Guidance ld RMrc6and lmpl€mEntatio. fte l4ilily manasF m6l b€ cpontble ld 3.1. Reledng 1o th€ Mat€nal sat€ry Dara sh€€ls ld @n b!. ol ftrcury.cdtainin8 l.mp Durcha*d to detemire then m*ury 3.2. ldertiting models thn mel or qceed ihe sD€ilied cdena td mercury conlenr rhd
2
3.o
dl.nl.
purchasing liahliry prcducts-
4.O P€dmane M€sue@nl
90% ol the lamps lmasurcd by lh€ numbs purcha*d) must ,rilerid. Cdhuldl:o$ p€do'm€d musl be ba!.d on:
. . r .
5.0
t.llwilhi.lie d6igi6ted
M€rury content (mg per lamp) Mean rlght output Rared liie (hou.s)
Ihe plan mustinclude lamps lor both indoorand outdoor fixtures, as wellas both hard-wired and portable fixturcs.
lamps containing no mercury, such as lIDs, nay be counted loward plan compliance only it thE have an enerSr efliciency at leastas good aslheir nercury containing counterpads,
fluorescent lights (CFLS)may be excluded fiom the plan and the
e
performance calculalion if they comply wiih Nationa Eleclical
Allour.hases made ov€r the De.fomancs p4od must bd tkcked and tecords
Th6 Marerialsalery oata sheelstor€ach iype ol mercury-conlaining lamp purcha3ed for in a burld ngmust beacqurcd.
NOTES
Screw-based, integral compad
(lum.nt
Numberol lamosoleach W@ ourchaed Oua itvAssumnceand Oua tv CodtroLPrccess6 The fo ng st.alegres must be uu zed to ensurelheonSo n8 mplemenlalion ofth s
5.1
L;
Be
lVanulaciurers Associati0n (NElllA, gurdelines. Lamp purchases must be made during the pedornance peribd lo earn the credit point in this credit. Purchasing
lanpswith
lol,v m€rcury
content,long life, and high light output is the primary way to achieve the targeted mercury leduction in lamps.
Knowyourexclusions theteam can erclude
l0%
f mm their
Materials and
of the pmject's floor area
calculations.
RNUrcs
KEY TERMS
INTENT
IiONE
To reduce the envircnmental and transportation impact of food production
and distributlon.
STANDARDS Fairtrade l-,belling ofganizations
Internatioml cedif ication food Alliance cedilication Madne Stewardship Council {MSC) Elue tco-Label
REQUIREMENTS Track food and beverage purchases during the performance period that meet one of the applicable sustainability criteria. The credit is achieved if 25% of purchases meel a sustainability criterion based on the weighted value of the total purchases.
Protected Harvest certif ication
RainloGrt Alliance cedilication l.J.S.
oepadnent of Agricutture
organic certilication
IMPLEMENTATION RELATED CREDITS MR Prerequisite
l,
@ Sustainable Purchasing Policy
@
lilR Prercquisite 2: Solid
@
l,lR
Waste Managernent Policy
Cndit 6, Solid Vlaste l{ana gemenl---lvaste Slnam
o
Use the purchasing policy performance period.
o a
Compliant products are those that meet one or more of the following criteria:
o
Purchasâ&#x201A;Źs are labeledl
. . . . . .
MR Credit 7: Solid Waste
Management--{ngoing Consumables MR Crcdit 8: Solid Waste
Managemenl-oulable
o
USDA Organici Food Alliance certifaed;
Rainforest Alliance certified; Protected Harvest certified; Fair Trade certiliedi or
With the Marine Stewardship Council's Blue Eco-Label.
Purchases are produced within a 100-mile radius of the site.
MR Cledit 9: Solid Waste li,lana
gement-tacility
Alierations and Additions
lt5
USGBC Sludy Cuide
the
Knovr your exclusions - the team can exclude 10% of the project's floor area trom their calculations.
Audit
Goods
to drive purchases made during
.
fof LEED AP operaiions + Maintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
Record and retain documentation for the costs of all sustainable and nonsustainable food and beverage purchases for all building tenants,
rob
Several key calculations afe mportant to remember, ncluding computing the weighted average for purchases and accounting for nonpartic pating
IenanIs, Remember to
take nto account the Weighted
Value of products and the Estimate for Non-Participating tenants when ca culat ng percentage of sustainable purchases. Track the cost of all purchases offood and beverages during the pefformance period. For all purchases that meet one of the required criteria, document
the following: Date of purchase, Purchasing entity, Type of item, Cost, Quantity, Sustainable criterion met, and Documentation method verifying
PRoPERTY
5 t
MANACER
/
comDltance.
I.!1. I lr.m in u[D RGLEr@ cuid. lor cn.r luildint oFr.li.||. & I.lr|i!nr!c., 2qtg. a.t 25. Sample Summary Calculalion lor Sustrinable Food Purch6es. lotrl
Fo.d
.nl EG{e Ptnh.*
Sr0,0@
c
gE
!94
!! .F
FN
ir
EZ
IO
it
a
:5
g
,
I E
r.
I
ils E€ rI
NOTES l{oie
USDA
2 29.44
$r3.97
200
347
3.5.03
$22.50
15
537
a.22.Oa
Total sustainabie
t0
$47.30 purcha*s
value as
purched
r r@d and
q2,794.OO
$337.50
30
$200.00
450
$473,00
$473.00 t3.804_50
Sblainable purchas rei€hled v.lre r&iahl€d €rue prenrage or tot
$2,794,00
94,004.50 besage
purche
ilaterials and
Rsurc6
tt7
KEY TERMS
INTENT
SOURCE REDUCTlON
Tofacilitate the reductlon of ongoingwaste and toxins generated by build ng occupants and building operations that are hauled to and disposed of in andf ls of incineration facilties.
WASTE REDUCTION PROGRAI\4 WASTE STREAIV]
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
None
Conduct a waste stream audit of the building's waste stream, rncluding
recycling and conventional waster and use the audit's results to establish a baseline and identify opportunities for increased recycling and waste diversion.
RELATED CREDITS l{R Prerequisite
l:
@ Sustainable Puchasing Policl R Prerequisite 2, Solid Waste
@ l{anagement Policy lilR Credit
l:
IMPLEMENTATION Complete a waste stream audit taking the Iollowing steps:
Sustainable
@ Purchasing-0ngoing Consumables
Step l: Determine the appropriate unit torthe waste stream audit, eather volume or weight.
MR Credit 2, Sustainable
Step 2: Determine the appropriate waste categories for the audit.
@ Purchasing-0urable I\4R
Goods
Credit 3: Sustainable
@ Purchasing Facilily
Alteralions and Additions l,4R
Credit 4, Sustainable
Purchasing-Reduced IMercury in Lamps Il/|R
I\4R
cycle. Step 4: Determine the volume or weight of ihe waste that is disposed of or disposed of n landfills or incinerated and the wasie that is recycled, reused, composted or otherwise d verted from conventional d sposal.
Step 5: For each category of waste, sort the major types and determine
Credit 5: Sustainable
@ Purchasing
Step 3r Establish a tim; interval for the audit that is representative of the building's waste stream and reflects a normal business and collection
Food
Credit 7: Solid Waste
@ I\4rnagement 0ngoing
the r volume or weight. Step6:
For each wastecategory, add the volumeof weightof conventionally
disposed of waste to the volume or weight of the alternat vely disposed of waste to identify the total volume or we ght of that waste category for
the audit period.
Consumables [4R Credit 8: Solid Waste
@ Management DurableGoods @
MR Crcdit 9, Solid
lilana
w;ste
gement-+acility
Alterations and Additions
I
la
USGBC Studv Guide
lo. LEED AP Ooentions + Maintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS For documentation purposes, outline
a plan for
TIME LINE/TEAM conducting a wasle
stream audit.
a a a
a
Retain reports including procedures, sample descriptions and timing. Maintain a list of oDDortunities identified. The waste stream consists of al waste leaving the bullding siie and d rected andf I, incineration, recycling, composting or resale fac ities, as well as items ideni fied for feuse within the bu lding that would othelwrse have been considefed waste.
to
Calcu ations requ red for this credit nclude aggregating various portrons of the waste stream and determining the percentage of each
waste category that is being dive.ted from landfill or incineration disoosal.
NOTES llone
Matenals and Resources
KEY TERMS
INTENT
DURAEII
lo
facilitate the reduction of waste and toxins generated from the use of ongoing consumable products by building occupants and building operations that are hauled to and disposed of in landfills or
GOODS
OITGOIIIG COI{SUMABLES
incineration facilities.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
llone
Reuse, recycle or compost 50% olthe ongoing consumables vraste stream. In addition, have in place a battery recycling progam that diverts at least 80% of discarded batteries. Actual diversion performance must be verified at least annually.
Râ&#x201A;ŹLATED CREDITS MR
Cledit l. Sustainable
Purchasing-ongdng Consumables
IMPLEMENTATION
MR Credit 2: Sustainable
@ Purchasing---Durable
Goods
MR C|edit 3i Sustainable
@ PurchasinsJacility
Alterations and.Additions
a a a
MR Credit 4: Sustainable
Purchasingleduced Mercury in lrmps
a
@ Purchasing-tood
MR C|edit 5' Sostainable
a
Credit @ Management-Wasle
o
MR
6: Solid Waste
Management-Dufable
Cred
t 9: Solid Waste
[4anzgenent Facility Alterations and Additions
120
Consistency in the type of products defined as ongoing consumables is reouired for all MR credits.
ongoing consumables materials are those with a low cost per unit that are regularly used and replaced.
Consider,
at a minimum, paper, toner cartridges, glass,
plastic,
o
Consider the waste stream audit conducted for MR Credit 6, Solid Waste l\ranagement-Waste Stream Audit, when crcatinS a reduction and diversion program. Educate othersl Infofm procedures.
Goods It4R
Waste diversion includes source reduction, reuse and recycling.
cardboard and old corrugated cardboard, food waste and metals.
Stream Audit MR Credat 8: Solid Waste
Earn an exenplary pertormance credit it 95% of ongoing consumables are reused, recycled or composted.
all building occupants about the
recycling
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
Keep waste haul lickets and track any recycling or reuse methods. Use this
e?r
information to calculate lvaste reductions. Calculations required for this cfedit include aggfegating various portions of the waste stream and determining the percentage of each waste category that is be ng diverted from andfill or incineration disposa . Step 1: Use haLrler reports to determine the total onSo ng consumables, Step 2: Use hauler reports to detefmlne the weight or volume of ongoing consumables waste that was d verted.
b-d
NOTES ilone
l/jaterials and Reeurces
121
KEY TERMS
INTENT
DURABTEGOODS
To facilitate the redlction of waste and toxins generated from the lse of durable goods by bullding occupants and buiding operations that are hauled to and disposed of in landfills or incineratlon facilties.
WASTE STRTAIV
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
l{one
Reuse, recycle or donate at teast 75% of the durable goods waste stream (by weight, volume or replacement value) during the performance period.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
ilR Credit I' Sustainable
a
Purchasing--4ngoing
Consistency
Consumables
o
MR Credil 2, Sustainable
@ Purchasing. ourable
g
Goods
o
o
Alterations and Additions
Cndit 4' Sustainable Reduced
llllemury in Lamps [4R Cledit 5: Sustainable
@ Purchasing-tood l,4R
Durable goods include materials with a high cost per unit relative to that of ongoing consumables that are nol regularly used and
Consider,
at minimum, office
a a
Perform quality assurance measures to ensure that durable goods arc separated from ongoing consumables in the waste stream.
Consider the waste stream audit conducted for IUR Credit 6.
Educate othersl Inform procedures.
Credit 6, Solid Waste
@ l\4anagement-Wasle Stream Audit I\4R
Credit 7; Sold Wa$e
flanagement-ongoing Consumables IVR
Credit9: Solid Waste
Managemeni Facility Alierations and Addiiions
t22
equapment, appliances, external
power adapters, televisions and audaovisual equipment.
PurchasirgJacilily
Purchasing
is
reDlaced.
MR Credit 3, Sustainable
MR
in the type ot products defined as durable goods
required for all MR credits.
USGBC Study Guidâ&#x201A;Ź ior LEED AP ODerations + Maintenance
all building occupants about the
recycling
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Retain information regarding d vertible durable goods, methods of diversjon, hauler or destination and quantity diverted Waste diversion includes source reduction, reuse and recycling.
Calculations required for this credit include aggregatinS various portions of the waste stream and determining the percentage of each waste category that is being diverted from landfill or incineration disposal.
Step
l:
Use hauler reports.to determine the total durable goods.
Step 2: Use hauler reports to determine the weight or volume of durable goods that was diverted.
rh b-j TIME LINVTEAM
NOTES None
Maierials and Resoufces
KEY TERMS
INTENT
ATTTRIIATIVE DAITY COVER
To divert construction and demolition debris from
coNsTRuclt0
I.AI'ID-CLEARII{G DEBRIS
incineration facilities. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process and reusable materials to appropriate sites.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
, DEMoLtTt0 ,
AID
disposalto landtills and
Reuse, recycle or divert at least 70% of waste (by volume) generated by
N0ne
faci ity alterations.
RELATED CREDITS MR Credil
l:
Sostainable
IMPLEMENTATION
a
Purchasing-ongoing Consumables MR Credit 2' Sustainable
@ Purchasing-Durcble
Goods
MR Credit 3, Sustainable
@ Purchasing-Facil ty
Alterations and Additons
a a o
Develop a waste management strategy and tracking system construction on-site. Design projects for modularity, adaptability and flexibility.
ldentify deconstruction and salvage opportunities, licensed haulersand rccyclables processors, and potential markers for salvaged materials.
ldentify waste reduction goals and educated conhactors
Purchasing-Reduced Mercury in Lamps MR C.edit 5, Sustainable
@ Purchasing-Food
lilR Crcdit 7, Solid Wasle
@ lllanagemenl--{ngoing Consumables
lilR Credit 8: Solid Waste
Itlanagement-{)ulable Goods
IJSGBC Studv Guide
and
subcontractoF regarding construction waste management practices.
MR Credit 4, Sustainable
t24
lor any
fof LEED AP ODeralions + Mainlenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Document facility alterations. Track waste and reused and recycled materials, indicating the type of diverted waste. Describe the material, the dive6ion method (recycled, reused on-site, donated, sold as salvage or other), the hauler or destination of the material, and the volume diverted.
a
Waste diversion inc'udes the volume of waste diverted from landfills or Incineration compared with the total amount of waste generated on s te from fac lity alterations and additions activities.
o o o a a
Exc ude hazardous waste.
Include on-s te reused crushed concrete, masonry or asphait, Construction debris with open-market value (that is, alternative daily cover material) may be applied to the construction waste calculation.
TIME LINE/TEAM
# 5;
Projects using commingled recycling should obtain summaries of the recycling facilitys diversion rates. These calculations apply only to base building elements permanently
or semi-permanently attached to the building itself that enter the waste sheam during facility renovations, demolitions, retrofits and new construction additions. Furniture, fixtures and equipment (FF&E) are not considered base buildine elements.
NOTES l{one
Maierialsand Resources
125
What are some of the items that need to be included in a successful sustainable purchasing policy for reduced mercury in lamps for MR Credit 4?
Hor{ does LEED for Extstiig Buildings: Operations & Maintenance detine facility alterations and additions?
What should be included in a
proiect! waste stream audit?
What are some common office products that could be classified as both an ongoing
consumable and a durable good?
lvhal are some referenced standards commonly used throughout the Mate.ials & Resources category that prcvide testing, ceriification and regulatory sewices? Whal doâ&#x201A;Źs each slandard do?
t26
USGgC sludy Guide
ior LEED AP opemtions + rilaintenance
.i
...
4{1
i.
S
o:1u*
*:ur *-{'*-* Y*
ri:
fi,lateras dRes!]riei
t27
See Answer Key on page 191.
t2a
USGBC Sludv Guide
ior LEED AP Ooefatois + Ma ntenance
The Indoor Environmental Quality category (lEQ) addresses the critical effects building performance has on occupants arid users. This category aims at improving ventilation, managing air contaminants, improving occupant comfort and allowing for safer environments for building operators and occupants,
WHAT ABOUT INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY?
fiil ':;'
How does air quality impact human health?
1.4\ {i-'
What makes a cleaning policy green?
/::\ Why should you care \:.7 about environmental tobacco smoke?
,-;a'\
V{hat can we learn about building performance from occupants?
,,ljr '-'
Can you have too much
\---,'
ventilation?
lndoor Env
ronmâ&#x201A;Ź.i:
Qua ty
r29
rEocneol' r.5l
i+ rii li,..,.diiiiid;*e
THE OVERVIEW The Indoor Environmental Quality category addresses environmental concerns relatrng to indoor air quality, occupants' health, safety, and green cleaning practices. The IEQ prerequisites and credits promote the following measures:
a
lmprovrng ventilatron:
O
lvlanaging air contarninants;
a a
lmplementing green cleaning;
a a
Specitying less harmful materials; Allowing occ!pants to conirol their desired thermal comfod settingsi and Provrding dayliShtrng and vrews.
Sincethe release, in 1987 ol EPA reportsthat designated indoorair pollution as a top environmental risk t0 public heath, assessing and managing indoor pollutants have become the focus of integrated governmental and private efforts, LEED-EB 0&[4 aims to improve indoor air quality through system effectiveness and monitoring,
130
USGBC Sludv Gu de tor LEED AP
and through buildrng
Ooebtois +
Mz nienance
system upgrades and improvements. Such
strategies include automatic sensors and individual controls, monitoring devices to adtust humidity and ventilation, measuring indoor CO2 levels and measuring the need for incfeased outdmr airflow to eliminate air contaminants,
To provde optimal environmenta quaity for buildng occupants,.the ratng system provides guide ines for effective management ard protocols for occupant comfort and green cleaning. These
skategies include procedures for daylight ng and iighting qua ity, thermal comfort and pollutant source
contro
;
build ng interior maintenance.
The strategies in this category can improve indoor environmental quality health and liability concerns,
and increase employee productivity. With employees' salaries a significant cost in any commercial
building, it makes good business sense to keep staff healthy and productive by improving and maintalning the q!a ity of the ndoor environTnent. The three major subjects covered in this category c ean
ng
-
indoor arr qualty, occupant comfort and green
have unique performance ca culat ons and standards
to remember. For
ndoor air
quality issues, be sure to be familiar with ASHRAE 62.1 and the general procedures for calculating ventilation rates. Also take note of I-BEAIV and SIiIACNA management guidelines. For occupant comfort, be sure to review ASHRAE 55 and take a look at the calculation requirements for daylight
& views- For green cleaning, many of the calculations are similar to those covered in the lllR category, but wth different susta nability requirements. Be sure to rev ew the guidelines for an APPA Custod al Effectiveness Audit.
SYNERGIES Indoor air quality, occupant comfort and green cleaning may seem disconnected, but they actoally assist each otherto maintaan a healthy indoor environment, and their main driver is often the building
occupant. lvlany existing buildings were not deslgned with indoor environmental q!ality in mind,
and ack occupant contfols in lghting systems and thermal conditons. However, inclld ng these cortrols can contribute to increased vent lat on effect veness and decrease energy consumption. Aso, surueyng occr.rpants can lead to increased custodial effectiveness and indicate areas of thermal comfort ineffectiveness. The bottom line is that maintaining indoor environmental quality is effective monitoringand management.
The credits in this category greatly affect enerry consumption. occupant comfort, air change effectiveness and
air contaminant management are dependent on building energy
systems.
Addit onal y, lncluding automatic sensors and individual controls can be integrated with the Build ng
Automatior System (8AS) to regulate comfod and energy consumpt on. But another synergy that is not as obv ous is the relationsh p of green cleaning praci ces to site rnanagement and maintenance
- think
of the cleaning products, materials and equipment used on the building exteriorl Indoor Environmenlal Qualily
t3l
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL OUALITY CREDITS ItQ Prerequasite
1
Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance
lE0 Prerequisite
2
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
Prerequisite
3
Green C ean ng Policy
IEO
lEo Credit
Ll
lâ&#x201A;Ź0 Credat
1.2
L3 lEQCredit 1.4 IEO
Credit
1.5
lEoSredit
2.1 lE0 Credit 2.2 lEo Credit 2.3 llQ Credit 2.4 IEQ Credit 3.1 lEo Credit
lE0
Credil3.2
lE0 Credit
3.3
IEQCredil3.4
3.5 lEo Credit 3.6 IEQ Credit
Indoor Air Quality Best lvanagement Practices-lndoor Air Quality Management Program
Indoor Air Quality Best lt4anagement Practices-Outdoor Air Detivery l\ronitorins lndoor A ;Quality Best Management practrces-tncreased Ventitation Indoor A r Quality Best N4anagement Practices-Reduce Particulates in
Air 0istribution
Indoor Air Qua|ity Best lranagement Practices lndoor Air Management for Facility Additions and Alterations
Qualit
Occupant Comfort-occupant Survey Controllab lity of Systems-Lighting
occupant Comfort-Thermal Comfort Monitoring Dayli8ht and Views
Cleaning High-Pedormance Cleaning Program Green Cleaning {ustodial Effectiveness Assessment Green Cleaning Purchase of Sustainable Clean ng Products and Green
Matefials
GreenCleaning-SustainableCleaningEquipment Green Cleaning-lndoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control Green Cleaning-lndoor lntegrated Pest Management
CATEGORY HIGHLIGHTS o
This category has 15 credits, allworth one point each.
a All
t32
credits fall into three topics:
c
Green cleaning;
c
Indoor air quality management; and
o
occupant comfort.
o
Only three cfedrts have o(emplary performance (lEQ 2.2,
a
Know your standards! 14 of this category's 18 prerequisites and credits have referenced standards.
USGBC StudyGuide
lo. LEED AP Operations + Maintenance
2.3 and 2.4).
Three ASHRAE standards are involved n this categoryl
o o
ASHRAE
a
ASHRAE 55, 2004, Thermal Environmental Conditions
ASHRAE 62.1, 2007, Ventilation for Acceptable lndoor Air Qualityi
52.2, 1999, lvlethod of Testing General Ventilaiion Airoleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Sizei and lor Human Occupancy.
All prerequisites and credits are implemented during implementation, except Credit 3.3 and Credit 3.4, implemented during the performance period.
for
IEQ Credit
3.2,
KEY TERMS Building Automation system (BAS)
A system that uses conlputer-based monitorirg to coordinate, organize, and opt mize buiding control subsystems, includ ng lghting, equipment
schedu ing, and alarm reporting. The region within an occupied space between 3 and 6 feet above the floor and more than 2 feet from walls or fixed airconditioning equiprnent.
Efeathing zone
(ASHRAE Carpel and R[g Carbon leYels
dio
Inslitte
dc (C02)
62.1-2007)
The science-based source for the facts about carpet and rugs.
An indicator of ventilation effectiveness inside buildings. CO2 concentrations greater than 530 ppm above outdoor C02 conditions generally indicate inadequate vent lation. Absolute concenhations of C02 greater than 800 to 1,000 ppm generally ndrcate poor air qlality for breathins.
Comto criteria
Spec fic design conditions that take into account temperature, humid ty, air speed, outdoor tempefature, outdoor humidity, seasona clothing, and expected act/v ty. (ASHRAE 55-2004)
Controls
Mechanisms that allow occupants to direct power to devices (e.9., lights, heaters) or adjust devices or systems within in a range (e.9., brightness, temDerature).
Emry*ay sFtem
A floor system designed to capture dirt and other debris from occupants entering the buildingi they can be open floor grates or grilles set over a recessed area.
Envhonmental tobacco
Airborne particles emitted from the burning erd of cigarettes, pipes, and c gars, and is exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about 4,000 comDo!nds. uo to 50 of which are known to caLrse cancer.
smoke (ElS), or sec0ndhand sm0kE
tacilily alterations and additi0ns
Changes that affect usabie space in the bu ding. Mechanical, e/ectrical, or p umbing system upgrades that involve no d sruption to lsable space are exctuoeo.
Flush-o!t proccdurc
A procedure to evacuate airborne contaminants after all construction work is compleled.
Ind@r Environmental
0ual[y
133
KEY TERMS r
Glarc
Any excess vely bright source of light with d scomfort or loss in visibiliiy.
Green cleaning
Cleaning products and practices that have lower environmental impacts than conventional oroducts and oractices.
Group (shar€d) multi-
Conference rooms, classrooms, and other indoor spaces used as a place of corgregat on.
occupa
spaces
the visual field that creates
Individual occupant spaces
Standard workstations whefe workers conduct individual tasks.
ldoor air quality (lA0)
The nature of air insrde the space that affects the health and wellbeing of building occupants. lt is considered acceptable when there are no known contaminants at harnful concentrations and a substantial majority (8O% or more) of the occupants do not express dissatisfaction. (ASHRAE 62.12007 )
Integrated pest managemenl (lPl\,1)
The coordinated use of knowledge about pests, the environment, and pest prevent on and control methods to minim ze pest infestation and damage by the most economical means whiie mrnimizing hazards to people, property, and the environment.
Material salsty data sheets
Detailed, written ins?uclions documenting a method to achieve uniformity of pedormance,
(MSDS)
Mechanical vgntilation, or active ventilation
Ventilation provided by mechanica y po!{ered equipment, such as nrotoF driven fans and blowers, but not by devices such as wind driven turbine ventilators and mechanjcally operaied windows. (ASHRAE 62.I-2004)
MiIinum etticienct
A tilter rating established by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air0onditioning Engineers (ASHRAE 52.2-1999, IVlethod of Testing General Ventilation Air Clean ng Devices for Remova Eff c ency by Part cle Size). IVIERV categories range from 1 (very low efficiency) to 16 (very high).
repolting value (MtRV)
llatural v€ntalation, or passive Yenlilation l{onoccupied spaces
V€ntilation provided by thermal, wind, or diffusion effects through doors, wjndows, or other intentional openings in the building; it uses the building layout, fabric, and lorm to achieve heat transter and air movement.
All rooms used by ma ntenance personnel that are not open for use by occupants.
134
ouldoor air
The amb ent air that enters a build ng through a vent lat on system, either through natural ventilation or by infiltratjon. (ASHRAE 62.1-2007)
Parts per million (pDm)
A common unit of measure used to express ihe number of parts of a substance contained within a million parts of a liquid, solid, or gas. The !nit is comnronly used to represent po lLrtant concentrations.
Recirculalod air
Air removed from a space and reused as supply air, de lvered by mechanlcal or natura ventr atron,
USGBC Studv Guide for LEED AP ODerations + Marntenance
KEY TERMS Regularly occupicd spaces
Spaces where workers are seated or standtng as they work inside a building ln res dential appl cations, these areas are all spaces except bathrooms, ut lity areas, and closets or other storage roorns. In schoo s, they are areas where students, teachers, or administrators are seated or standing as they work or study inside a building.
Relative hunidity
The ratio of partial density of airborne water vapor to the saturation density of water vapor at the same temperature and total pressure,
Slandard operating procedures
Detailed, written instructions doc!ment ng a method to achieve uriformity of performance.
Thermal
co[tod
The state when occuoants exoress satisfaction with the thermal environment.
Universal notilication
72 hours before a pesticide is grounds applied in a building or on surrounding under normal conditions, and with n 24 hours after applcation of a pesticide in emergency conditions. Use of a east toxrc pesticide or self contained nonrodent ba t does not require universal notificat on; a I other pestic de applicat ons do.
Vcntilation
The process oI supplying air to or removing air from a space lor the purpose of controlling air contaminant levels, humidity, or temperature within the space. (ASHRAE 62.1-2007).
Visible light transmiltance
The ratio of iotal trarsm tted I ght to total incident ight (i.e., the amount of visible specirum,380-780 nanometers of lght passing through a glazing surface divided by the amount of light striking the glazing suface). The higher the Tvis value, the more incident light passes through the glazing.
(VtT) (Tvis)
Notafyang building occupants not less than
Vision glazing
The portion of an exterior window between 30 and 90 inches above the floor that oermits a view to the outside.
Volatile organic compolnds
Carbon compounds that partic pate in atmospher c photochem cal reactions (exc !d ng carbor monoxide, carbon diox de, carbon/c acid, metal ic carbides
(V0Cs)
and carbonates, and ammonium carbonate). The compounds vaporize (become a gas) a[ normal room lemperatures. Walk-ofi mats
Mats placed inside building entrances to capture dirt, water, and other nrater als tracked irside by people and equipment-
ndoor Env ronmenia Qua riy
135
KEY TERMS
INTENT
VENTILATION
MtcHA
tCAL
VfflTttATto
IIA'IURAL VTNTII-AIION
minimum and increased indoor air quality (lAQ) perfo.mance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the health and To establish
well-being of the occupants.
1NDOOR AlR QUALITY (IAO)
REQUIREMENTS
STANDARDS ASHRAE Standard
62.1-2007
RELATEO CREDITS
O v
SS
Pr
w
EACEdil2: krstn! Euildrns corm,ss'on
lR
EA
Credit
4,tlternati/e.
uonmltng irans!0(6lt0n
ng
Cred 3 Performance
iel51,1',;:;i:Tifi,,,,
For the prerequ s te, modify or maintain each outside a r intake, supply air fan and/or ventllatron distribution system to supply at east the outdoor air ventilation rate required by ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007. lf the project is unable to meet ASHRAE 62.12OO7 due to sFtem physical constraints, modify or mainta n the system to supply at least l0 cubrc feet per minute (cfm) of outs de air per person.
For IEQ Credit 1.3, exceed ASHRAE 62.I-2007 by 30% tot mechanically ventilated spaces. For naturally ventilated spaces, design the system to meet the recomrnendations of the Carbon Trust "Good Pract ce Guide 237," and cofiplete an airflow diagram in accordance with Figure 2.8 of the CIBSE Applications Manual 10:2005, Natura/ Ventilation in Non-domestic Buildings, or provide analytic modelang to demonstrate compliance with ASHRAE 62.1-2007, Chapter 6, in at least 90% of spaces.
SmokeContrul
Ito Credit 1.2, Eest llanagement Practicesoutdoor Air Delvery
IMPLEMENTATION
a This prerequste involves
testing the operai ons of all local, dedicated building exhaust systems, including bathroom, shower, kitchen and
lvlonitoring IEQ
parking exhaust systems.
Credit 2.3: occupant
Comlort-Thermal Comfort
o
The tests should confirm proper function, such as fan speed, voltage, control sequences and set points, as applcable.
a
lf the test requires changes to the c!rrent ventilation system, make these
[4onilo ng
changes and retest.
a An HVAC maintenance
program must be implemented and may include
the following items:
o Visual inspect ons of rnechan caL systems; o Air intake inspections, including site contaminants; a Regularly scheduled cleaning and replacement of air filters: o Regular cleaning; and o Coo ing lower managemâ&#x201A;Źnt.
a
136
Testing and balanc ng (TAB) must be performed maintenance of all building exhaust systems.
USGBC Studv Gu de ror LEED AP Ooeral ons + Ma ntenance
to verify the requlred
TIME LINVTEAM OOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
IEQ Prereqoisite
I
Develop ventilation calculations dehonstfating compliance with the appiicable requirements and track HVAC syslem maintenance. o Each air-handling unit must comply, and compliance musl be demonstraled through measur€ments laken at lhe system level al each
o
ai
handler.
Mechanicallyventilated spaces must use the Ventilation Rate Procedure detailed in ASHRAE 62.1-2007, which takes into account an area's square footage, number of occupants (and their aclivities), and type of ventilation system.
t$riion
lrom
U.
LEE0
R.i!noc. Goi& t . Gr..n Solldlry O.rrtlon3
&
IJ
r,,,",:,"..?
f.imrr.nc., 2q)9.
Pa$ 333. ventilation Rate Procedure lor MechanicallyVenlilaied Spaces. Theventilation rate procedure is taken nom Seclion 5.2 ol ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007. The fi6t step is lo determine breathanS zone outdoor aidlow td each zo.e bas€d on the tollowing:
vb?=FpXPz+RaXaz Vtt a2 Pr
IEQ
- bG.thing zone ouldmr ahlld i ere rr@r a@ (lhe n€l 6cupi.bl€ il@r .r4
- &m p.pulalioi (h€ mdihum nrhb.r ene duinS lyp'cal usz€E). ll lhe numbe ot dpected €cupants lluctuates, Pz fr., b. etmaled b6d m a€bgin8 app@ch6 d6oib€d in Setion 6.2.6.2 ol ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007. Rp = ouidd aifr@ 6te equicd per p6n, as detemined koh T.bt€ 6-I ot ANS|/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 R! - outdd 6t€ ,€cutr€d pq lnil arcr, 6 detehined lr@ Tabl€ 6.1 ol ANSI/ASHRAE
.ifld
62.t
&edit 1.3
0r lhe rcn€) ol p€ople dp€ted to 6cupy lhe
2007
T.il. | fton ih. tfm n.hnrlo.
Guid.
tu cn
n
luilding 0p.6tim. &
lririlnarc.,
2(x)9.
Pttc 3:15. Sample Summa.y Crlcu lations tor Detemining Outdoor An Ventilation Rates-
4t
5
la
EE:
t
gig
iie FS gg!
r
I
45
a
i3 !
rl
"! n =l; ,t: :: I :E" -8? iIs "Elg ,E EE E
0.06
4000
0.06 5
il
2t6
L2
l.o l
O
l
O
0,088
o.ll5 0.5m
o33a
1,,,",:,"..?
\l
IJ
NOTES
liaturally ventilated buildings c,n still fieet the precquisite, but they must complywilh ASHRAE Standard 62.1' 2007, Section 5.1.
llaturally venlilated spaces nust be within 25 feet of an operable wallor roof opening to the ouldoors, and
&
2 fton ti. lEEo n3hr.oc. Guid. fu G|!.r Suildinl 0p.6liom rlnt nrnc.. 2q19. Pr8. 3:|5. Sanple Slmmaty Calculations for Naturally Ventilated Spaces.
Ttbl.
lhe
openable area mustoccupy at least
4% ofthe space's net occ!piablelloor
aea. Interior spaces lrithout diaecl openings tothe outdoors can be
750
32
4lo
ventilated ihrougfi sdjoining rooms if the openings between ooms arc
216
T2
5.60
unobstructed and at least 8% or25 square feet ofth€ area is frce.
ndoor Environnental Qua ity
137
KEY TERMS
INTENT
ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMO|(E
To prevent or minimize exposure bf build rg occupants, indoor surfaces and systems to environmental tobacco smoke iETS)-
(m)
VEITTITATION
STANDARDS ASTMStandard
t
779-03: $andard
REQUIREMENTS
Test l,4ethod for Delermining Aif
Leakage Rale by Fan Pressurization
For commerc al buildings:
Calilornia Residenlial Altenative
opt on 1: Prohiblt smokirg ir the bui ding and, prohibit exterior smok ng at least 25 feet from entr es, air intakes and operable w ndows.
Calculation [4elhod Approval l,4anual
RELATED CREDITS
6b s
l, tnergy
EAPrereqursite
Elfrciency Best Management
Practices-Planning, Do.umentation, and opportunity Assessmenl
a €
EA
Prerequisite 2: Minimum
Energy E{f iciency Perf ormance
tACred t
l:opt
[f f rciency
Perf ormance
IEQ
Prerequisrte
IEQ
Credit 1.l:
and remove ETS. Provrde periodic air testing. For residential or mixed'use buildings:
Prohibit smoking in common areas and, have exterior smoking areas at least 25 feet from entries, air intakes and operable windows. Seal walls, ceilings, floors and vertical chases betlveen residential units and weather strip doors ihat lead to common hallways. Provide periodic air testing.
mize Energy
I:
l,4inimum
@ Indoor Air Quality Performance IAQ
Eesl
@,; Management Praclices-lA0 Managem€nt Program IEQ
0ption 2r Prohibit smoking in the build ng and, prohibit exteriof smoking at east 25 feet from entr es, air ntakes and operable w ndows but desrgnate smoking areas within the buiding that are designed to contain, capture
Credit 1.2: Indoor Air
Quality Besl Managemenl
IMPLEMENTATION
a
Designated smok ng areas outside the building can be provided.
a This policy
a
In interior smoking areas:
c
Plactices--.ouldoor Air 0elivery Monitoring IEQ
Credil 1.3, IndoorAir
Qual ty Best lll|anagement
Praciices
Increased
Ventilaton lE0 Credit 2.1, occupanl
@; Comfort 0ccupant
|e Cleaning-lndoor IEQ
Sulvey
Credit3.5, Green
must adhere to the 2009 LEED for Existing Buildings:
Operations & I\Iaintenance policy model.
a
o o
Smoking areas must be clearly defined: An €nlire space, such as a reqtaLrant, cannot be delined as d smohilg drea. A separate ventilation system rnust be instal ed and dedicated to that smoking afea. A negative pressur€ must be ma ntained in ihe smoking afea.
For residential bu ld rgsl
o o c
t ghi construciion. Sea any penetrat ons in wa s, ce lings and floors in each res d€nt a/ un i. Sed cll ve{,cal chases adra.Fnr to ulr(. Equip aldoofs eading from resdental unrts to common areas with Choos€ very
weather stripping.
Chemical
and Pollutanl Soune Contrcl
138
USGBC Studv G!rde lor LEEO AP ODeratons + Marnlenance
TIME LINUTEAM
IMPLEMENTATION, CONTINUED
a
Tesi ng feqr res iwo siandardsl
o o
W\-
Demonstraie acceptable sea ng of residentia unrts by a blower door test
conducied n accordance w th ASTM Standard
E
779-03.
Use ihe progressive sarnp ing methodology defined n ihe Cal fofnia dentia Altâ&#x201A;Źrnative Ca culat on lvlethod Approval Manual. policles, regardless of building function, must prohlbit smoking in
O^EF
Res
o
All
J
the building.
#
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONs Provide details about the building's nonsrnoking areas and the ETS policy to the building occupants. Ivlaintain site plans or similar documents that indicate the on sate smoking policy. Track and record testing data for any interior smokinp rooms.
NOTES FigoE 3lrom rh. LEED t.l.ence Guid.lor Gr..n Pa9.344. Smoking Bans, by Slale.
auihinlop.r'llom
&
lt.iri.mic..
This is lhe only prerequisite not
2009.
eligiblelora l0% floor
area
exemption lor buildings with multiple tenants. The entirc building must cornplywith the
ETS
control
requircments outlined in this prerequisite.
Figure 3 shows howlhe lreal smoling.ldaho has
lJ.S. states a
stalewide
ban on smoking In restaumnts,
as does Georgia. Soulh Dakota
h;s a slalewide ban on smoking in nonhospital ty workplaces. New Hampshrre bans smok ng in
restaurants and bars. lndividual cities, counties,0rtowns may have
theirown aws on smokrng. Consull these lal,s before estab ishing a smoking polcy forlhe prolect bu lding.
!msr.r*0.a." I*i*liliil.ill'l,:l: iliT"'"ll"5llili"*f,ii:..
I
*'. -
"
-
ndoor Env ron.nenta Qua ty
139
KEY TERMS
INTENT
GRttN CtEtNtC
To reduce the exposure of building occupants and maintenance personnel
STANDARD OPERA]INC PROCEDURTS
to potentially hazardous chemical, biological and particulate contaminants, wh ch adversely affect a r quality, human health, buildinB finishes, building systems and the envifonment.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
l'|0ne
imp ement a green cleaning policy that addresses the purchase of cleanrng products and equipment and establishes standard operating procedures, strategies for hand hygiene, guidelines for safe handling and storage of aleaning chemicals, staffing and haining requirements for maintenance personnel, and an occupant feedback and continuous improvement program.
RELATED CREDITS lE0Credil3.l:
Green
Cleaning-HighPerlomance Cleaning Program
@lii,1l;ij;1,fliil
IMPLEMENTATION Develop an environmentally conscious green cleaning policy. The policy must address, and set standards regarding, the followingcleaning elements:
o o
Elf ectiveness Assessment
@il:,i':',!";,|j'f1,, Clean ng Products and
Materials lE0 Credil3.4: Green
Cleaning Sustainable Cleaniig Equipment
a a o o
The purchase of cleaning products and equipment that meet the cfiteria outlined in IEQ Credit 3.3 and IEQ Credit 3.4i Standard operat ng procedures for effect ve cleanng consistently implemented, managed and auditedi
that will
be
Strategies for promot ng hand hyg ene, pay ng special attention to health codes and other regu ationsi Guidelines for safe hand ing and storage of cleaning chem calsi
Staffing and trainlng requirements for maintenance personnel; and
The establishment improvement pfogram
of an vaa
occupant feedback and continuous
surveys or a complaint system.
This policy must adhere to the 2009 LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & lVaintenance pollcy model.
140
USGBC Studv G!ide lor LEED AP Ooefatons + l',fa ntenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
Keep a copy ot the green cleaning policy and update any relevant conthcts that would be affecteq by the policy.
EI'mDl.lrfi h. UID i.bl.nc. e!|d.lor
?|l
lllldlntol.r.don
Gr..n
&
lldftn|nci
200&
26r.
Grc€n Cl€.ningPolicy
pdl'li.||'h.an,l!!ch.ni-
n.ib.0nich adwE .rhd.[ qurrv rii6h. lnd e6rrB, ad th. r{rDrMt, (6drdir{ tu. d.Eror.d dt6 cra
2-L
(Buirrriid
&riviv
i'
*irr.lwr*! $. $.
.1116
ck rir!
poricl
plr.n
b{id4
.nd
2,1.2, cronini 4uipnar
e
d.otl
rh.
.!!t idbiriv.ritri.
rllEtbllh ftndrd .ln 6nlt minbi.E tthn rill b.M!l.b.tt
2.2. (Buibin,
sJtrind .n lE0 c'dir 3.4.
r?r b*d
utiliad, mBi.d, nd idlild, rtl! *rrrlrertr.rt rdd.E.rrni'l. b p'll cr Erhd, dtu cpnidy sdirirl d elitiE d d.m+d *iii .r, rot rmurd b. k d rrEr d.t rr. rm nunlc ot @b or rrd rri€h ..rrr!d, i.crud4 ba llod,
2'2.2'Th.dudimb.t.o'M',|tg 2,3,
*r
(Burrdrno
(|r|oo
2.3.L H.id
n'd6
tr Nnori'!.d inpoin!
6hi€{$3.hd
h.Id
hld.E
sb.rrti6)
€ddimJ !..ad, murr !. ofrr.d. 23'r.2' nBl !. |n |0loic: 2,3.2. '|chE U. o' dconorn '.vl(|d ..d u.hde hrnd $'rie 2.3.1.L
2.3.2.1. Ar@hor-bE c
l.n', .qFt
2.3r. H.'drrd 2,.,
i.d rnirirE
*4
4uicd
dirp.* nr{
ch
NOTES
sl.n€i6)
(dM,
ntnroltt.r 3.nb (dru tnn
rmtd!,
rcr*R
5. 9EMriE rrr'
h.rl$ .od b. uid roi i.DnrN p.Fr prlducb to.rinri.l. bY
rs
h. d.rroFd suid.rin..ddEi'| rh. i.r. hidriia rd #+ ot chsirt chsr.i ri. brirdit; iicrqdi( r pr.i ro. h.ndrr|[ hurddr lrirr. d nr$mdr,tl. Incrc.nb, '!.d 2./r.L (Ll'l slld.nnd 6|Is.bd slr|tdG)
tsuirdhs)
drr
The selec'tion and
useofapprcp ate
cleaning prcducts arc
cdticilly
impodant to both hygiene and safety. P|ope y used chemical technologies and cleaning eqoiDment play an
2'.'2'^|{Ehdld!.r.ptlhid.l.ibr||ho*k.Firycbrid|'u*ddftdmlh.
important rule in the saoihtionof bathmons, lood pepaotion aEas
2'4'3'o.n|igD..dal!!.auDdl'
and connon-use areas by rcducing
rE0
c,air
3.3.
rd tuin ry:rB
rE
2.t. lBuirdii
)
*irr rh*rop
2.5.1. tuin'B cdrl cdi$m 2.5. IBuirdiis, derop lobront 2.6.1.
Gcnd. i|lquiPnd Plds rh. u,s, EP rh. rp9rh.br.
Gs-37, 9, 1, .[d at,
c.npd.ts
b.
sustainable perfomance.
lDrddnlrr
t
dpdr l'3bn chob. caD-l r0, 146,
c.d. R{lhldr nalnun Pcmn. Guld.lir6 Do.udnr.rioi
c.bs.h. n6r
the risk of disease traisnission.
eh
.du4rd pEccsl
s-r
h. Dol
th. tainiry of n.idFde cy.li'l.l ckri'l.h6idl1 d;p.fiiis .quiF
lnd.ndr .i 4upd rdvr nd cmpl.lnt
Incru{r GBn
inibd6ar'
ndb $rr .pc6ort dnE
ol ux, dbro..r, .nc
'irr
in
This preEquisite rcquires only policies, not ongoing actual
dquidm
p.DnBr ir ri. tE(t Ml, ed 98rril3.
3.1.
{su33Er.d
hEr b. Fdirrd r*
Dirr.ii-
or
r
.rr!.1 b.rh.
il ol
r€, Ir2, r 13, |.nlr .'n
bl. voc
.ll
tldh.s
trl.t
d
i0
Indoor Environmental Quality
l4l
KEY TERMS
INTENT
II{DOOR AIR QUAI.ITY (IAQ)
To enhance indoor air quality (lAQ) by optimizing practices to prevent the development of IAQ problems in buildings, correcting such problems when
they occur and maintaining the well-being of occupants.
STANDARDS Indoor Air 0uality Euilding Education and Assessment l\4odel (l-BtAM)
REQUIREMENTS RELATED CREDITS EA
.@r
l,optifiize
Credit
Energy
Pedomance
Develop and imp ement, on an ongoing basis, an IAQ management program
based on the EPA'S Indoor Air Quality Building Educatron and Assessment
Ilodel (l-BEA[,]).
El C.edit 2.1 Eristing a@) Euilding Commissioning Investigation and Analysis EA
Crcdit 2.3: Eristing
Boilding Commissioning0ngoing
Com
missioning
lEoCredit 1.2: IndoorAir 0uality Best tilanagement Practices-0utdoor Air DeliveryMoniloing IEQ Crcdii 1.3, IndoorAir 0uality Eest l\4anagement
Practices-lncfeased Ventilaton
IMPLEMENTATION
a a o a
Assrgn an IAQ manager
Conduct an lAQauditlo determine the building's IAQ status, including the basic conditions of the existing building.
ldentify any issues. Establish a plan to cofiect
tl'e problens rdentitied. Use
|-BEAI\,{ to
diagnose and solve common IAQ issues.
a
After the initial audit, the IAQ manager should perform periodic inspections to maintain lAQ.
lE0Cledii 1.4, LndoorAir Quallty Best l\4anagernent
Pnctices-Reduce Particulates in Air Distribution IEQ
a a
Establish protocols to manage all signlficant pollutant sources.
Develop procedures fof receiving and responding complaints, including forms, logs and guidance communication for building staff.
Credit 1.5: Indoor Air
Qualily Eest itan,gement
Practices-lndoor Air Quality anagementfor facility Alterataons and Additions
lE0Credit2.l. occupant
@ Comlort-{ccupant
Sutuey
lE0 Credit 3.6: Indoor
@ lntegf ated
Pest Mana gement
LJSGBC Studv Gu de for LEED AP ODefatons + lvls ntenance
to
on
occupant
effective
TIME LINE/TEAM
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Use |-BEAN4 to develop and apply an IAQ management pro8ram. Track all audit results, as well as any remedied IAQ issues or occupant complalnts.
Lbl. I l'.n fic
LtlD lalaBnca Gulda lor A.an lulldhS op.nlloi! & lhint.nrnc!, 2009, Pag. 357. l-BEAII/| Protocols ror lvanaSing Major Sou.ces of Pollution in Buildings.
u*
(*
€lf6ctic stat €r4ld rolqial*l€ction and inst llalion
I-BEAM, Mat€ri.ls
relate @Ntruction etivilv lrcm @cuFnls
ld painling and en5ue lh.t prclaol k lolld€d bt p@nnd and cdlrrcto6l . U* l*vOC, Iastirying p.inls wh* loasible . Paintdu ng udcupi€d h@6 . Keoridsd o.intmt ine6 men not in u* Est blish prctocol
R€qui@ th€
i..hou*
u* ol intea6l€d p€st mrndflent: ffistue, clutter, loodslufis, haltqeE, .id blilding pemtr.tions
. Contol din,
. U*
both
baits and
l6ps 6thd than p.sticid€ 3pEy3
*h*
Ccsibl.,
. Awid D€lbide appli@iions tu prcEnlid ol p€13 . U* p6ticid6 only wheE p6l5 aE leat€d
. lJ* p6li(ide rpe(ili..lly tormul.td lor larg.t€d p4t A0Oly p6licid6 only duing undupied hou6 venrilat buildiu wnh 3iFitiont qu.ntitiB ot oubide an du Compl€tely tlush boildina p.ior io @cuplncy
u*
m@ lhan tbmal @lsid€
Notily @cuprnF prid to
an
redilrtioi lo
M.
paiod
NOTES na
.tts
llone
.nd alt€r
@cupancl
dup.lion
lf apptirE outside, keep lwry lrcm
.t
Establish .nd .ntoE€ a p.oedm lo
pr*.l
inLk€ whicl€
@lanin.ds lEm .nl.
ng
th.
$. l@ding deh posl siSns bd entdce lhe b.n Rgiving re. rclaliw lo lhe oobide lo ensur€ th.l cor afrin.ils lrcm ths loading.re. do not enler lh€ buildin8; u$ pEsuri:sd sslibules and atr .
Do oot
alla
idling ot Fhicl€s 6t
' Prsu E lh€
. P€iodically chdk DEswe rel6ti@5hip3 tid conpli.nc. wrlh prol4ol . \ol'ly doh,. /cotrpanysuperyi5orol polct
Indoor Envimnmenral ouality
143
KEY TERMS
INTENT
CO2 (CARBON DIOXIDE)
To provide capacity for ventiation system montoring
to help
susta
n
occupant comfort and wel-bein8.
BREATH NG ZONE NATURAL VENTILATION i\4ECHANICAt VENTII.ATION PARTS
PIR NIILLION (PPM)
STANDARDS ASHRAT Standard
62.1-2007
REQUIREMENTS Install permanent, contin!ous monitor ng systems about the vent latlon systefi, and:
that provrde feedback
For mechanicalventilation systems: Provide an outdoor airflow measurement device capable of measuring (and, af necessary controlling) the minimum
outdoor airflow rate at all expected system operating conditions within 15% of the desagn minimum oltdoor air rate.
For mechanical ventilation systems thal predominantly serve densâ&#x201A;Źly occupied spaces: Have a C02 sensor or sampling location for each densely occupied space and compare it with outdoor ambient CO2 concentralions. For natural ventilation sFtems: Locate CO2 sensors in lhe breathing zone of every densely populated room and every natural ventilation zone. C02 sensors must provide an audible or visual alarm lo lhe ocaupants in the space and to the System operator if CO2 conditions are greater than 530 parts per million (ppm) above outdoor CO2 levels or 1,000 Dpm absolute.
RELATED CREDITS IEQ
Prerequisile 1i 0utside
Air Introduction and Elft aust Systems
@lllffiffiiifr.,,,
IMPLEMENTATION
a a a
Smoke Control
@ilxi'{;!:.iilxxI#.*
a
High dens ty = 25 peop e or more per 1,000 square feet. Low dens ty = fewer than 25 peop e per 1,000 square feet. H gh-density mechanically
ventiated spaces: The CO2 leve must be monitofed for each space and the sampling locatior must be between 3 feet and 6 feet above lhe.finished f oor. Low-density mechanically ventilated spaces: The outdoor ventilat on rate
must be direct y measured ard compared with the minimum requtred veniilation rate.
Pmctces
o
Naturally ventilated spaces: lt4onitoring CO2 levels in the occupied spaces in naturally ventilated build ngs provides feedback to building occupants and operators so that they can adjust ventilation by, for example, opening w ndows.
t44
USGBC StudvGuidelor LEEDAP Ooerations + Maintena.ce
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
o o
TIME LINE/TEAM
Provide visual documentation of monitoring devices via floor plans, schematics, €levations (where applicable) and mechanical schedules.
of all aifflow
measurement
Be aware of and implement the manufacturer's
recommended
Track the calibration and maintenance devtces.
o
5 Tahl. I Lon U. LtEo R.lu.m. Guid. l0r Gr..n Pag. 367. CO2 Sensor Locataons.
-r\l :
calibration for all monitoring devices.
figur.
-
ldlding op|talio|E & Iainbn.o0., 2(x)9.
6U[DI
G EXCINEER
--
NOTES Measuring C02 concenlrations to determine and maiotain adequate outdoor airveDtilation rates in
buildings is one recommended method for achieving betler indmr air qualily. Installing C02 and wntilation rate monitoring systems nquiles an investment in equipment, installation, annual calibration and maintenance. However, ihese systems eoable
building ownels, mainlenance peBooneland occupants lo det€cl air quality pr0blens quickD, sothat coreclive aciion can betaken. Aidlow monilo6 can help inlorn lhe conm issioi ing ageils and lhe measure.neni and ve licalion tools processlo improve lA0, while
riinim zing energy losses.
Indoof Env fonn€nia Qua lly
145
KEY TERMS
INTENT
MUMUM tFf tCtEttCY REmRT
G
VALUE (MERU OUTOOOR AIR
of buildinS occupanls and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous particulate contaminants, which adversely affect air quality, human health, building systems and the environment. To reduce exposure
RECIRCUI-ATED AIR
STANDARDS ASHRAE Standard
52.2-1999
REOUIREMENTS Have IVERV 13 or greater fllters on all outside air intakes and inside air recirculation returns. Establish and follow a regular schedule for maintenance and replacement of these filters.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
@ffi;ixlrn'''"'"'
o a
@ ffi.c9aitt,oot"'",n.* @
liff
'',lffi ln *n,t
Pedomance '',f,ifi IEQ
Credit 1.3, IndoorAir
Quality Best Managenent
a a a
Practices-lncreased Venlilation
146
a
MERV ratinS is a measurement of filtration medium effectiveness. MERV ratings span from 1 efficiency.
to 16, with 16
being the highest level of
This credit requires MERV 13 filters at all outside air intakes AND all inside air recirculation retums. l\4ERV filterc are also r€quired in IEQ Credit 1.4, but those are 8 dLrring and after conshuction.
l\4ERV
Remember your maintenance p ans - it's requ red that teams establish and follow a reg!lar schedule for maintenance and replacement filter.
Filters with a higher IVIERV rating are more effective at removing small padiculates.
USG8C Studv Guideror LEED AP ODe|alions + Mai.tenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
Keep product cutsheets or manufactureF information for all IVERV 13 filters installed on all outdoor air intakes. Create a maintenance schedule and a log for maiftenance and repair. T.bl.
3 llo||r
Prg!E||.
U.
UEo
R.Lr.rc.
Guid. for 6|!cn Buildlng 0p.r.llo0r &
Requi.ement! ior MERV 13.
CdDqib O.ilO - OIO
In
l{.tp
l.O.3O
P.rlicb Si..
yn
<75%l:9O%l>qO9(
ffni.rE
3.0.
tO.O
(!a)
In
(P.) 350
Idnt nrftc, 2m9.
+-3+
OJ
NOTES l{one
Indoo{ Environmental Ouality
t47
INTENT
KEY TERMS FACIUTY ATIERATIOI{S AI{D ADDITIOIIS
RUSH-OUT PROCEDURE
(lAO problems resulting from any construction renovation projects to help sustain the comfort and well-being 0f conslruction wgrkers and building occupants To prevent indoor air quality
or
iIII{IMUIil EFFICIEIICY REPORTII{G vAt uE (itERv)
REQUIREMENTS
STANDARDS SiUCt{A lndml Air
oulily
Guidelines for occuoied
Euildiigs
under Construction
RELATED CREDITS Prceqoisite l, Itinimum Indoor Air Pedomance
improvements.
IMPLEMENTATION Indoor air quality management plan:
IEQ
Q!alit
IEQCrcdit 1.1, IndoorAir
Qualit Eest Managenent Practies--.lndoor Air 0ualE [!anagement Prcgram
Develop and implement an IAQ management plan for the construction and occupancy phases of facility alterations and additions and tenant
a
An accredited professional (certified industrial hygienist, professional engineer, environmental consultant) or accredited organization 0so 9o0t construction IAQ management plan.
or lso 17075) should oversee the
a a
Educate subcontractors and field personnel about the goals and the impodance oI follorving the IAQ mdnagement plan's procedure. Aim to protect all existing HVAC equipment from dust and odors through the following strateSiesr
o o o
O O
scheduling; Source control; Pathway interuption;
Hous€ke€ping; and The flush-out proc€dure.
The f lush-out procedure: The flush-out can begin after construction, once newliltration media are
a
installed.
a a
The flush-out must be done by supplying a total outdoor air volume of 14,000 cubic feet per square toot of floor area, while maintaining an intemal tehperature ot at least 60 degrees F and maintaining a relative humidity no highe. than 60%. The space may be occupied after at least 3,500 cubic feet of outdoor air per square foot of floor area has been delivered and the space has been ventilated at a minimum rate of 0.30 ctm per square foot of outdoor air or the design minimum outside air rate (whichever is greater). The flush-
out should continue until the total outdoor air volume of 14,000 cubic feet per square foot of lloor area has been delivered to the space.
t48
USGBC
Stu4Guidetor LEEo
AP Op€ntions + Maintenance
TIME LINE/TEAM
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Write a constrlction indoor air quality management plan. Take photos to log the IAQ management plan practices lollowed during any construction activities. Track the flush-out procedure and any special conditions. Equalion
I tmn ih.
ttED
PaSe 388. Sr^gle.phare
nlbr.rc!
Guide for
Tot lVo ume olOutsideA I Requ rcd
Equalion
2llomth!
Gnln Buildiry op.railon3 &
liai
.||anc!, 209.
llush oul.
LEED netercnc€
=
Buildin8
Area
X
GuidelorGreen luilding op€ntionc & Maint nrnce,2009.
Pa9.388. Phase 1 oi phas€d r ush out. Fequrcd vo
!ne
ol outside
x
At
3,s00
The plan must include the following elements:
a
During conskuction, meet or exceed the recommended Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SIVACNA) control measures. Perform a flush-out procedure prior to occupancy. Protect stored on site or installed absorptave materials from moisture damage.
a o o
lf permanently installed air handlers must be used during construction,
NOTES llone
filtration media with a MERV of 8 must be used at each return air grille, as determined by ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999. A I filtration media should be replaced immedlately prior to occupancy with m nimum IVIERV 8f ters. Upon the completion of construction, the HVAC and lighting systems must be returned to the designed or mod fied sequence of operations.
o a
ll.mpl.
lh.
lrom
lEEo
n.leErce cuide tor GEen Building 0Fer ion, & Mainbnrnc., 2009.
Prt.3E9. Indoor AirQuality Management Plan (Facility Altehtions) To
ini,tu,r4Driry @brffi6!
i€r, (Buibindh6rmpl.ned
th'sIndodAno!a|ly(|Ao)mn'Fme
?.
SMACNA
rA0
6u'derin6 rie iorro{ilE
M.n4.h.i
I 0
Aan app@' de
i.. rii oi ende re6du6. rh.
proi*
b ri
Prcd!.llbsrtlton: owen'ticpads adhrsrs $! ant aid dlpet3 n6r
Hou$keo ns Prcve prcied{p{
r. n4suresr
b€
usd lrron
tr.mproyld
Indoor Envircnmental Qualily
t49
KEY TERMS
INTENT
COI\4FORT CRITER IA
To provide for the assessment of building occupants' comfort as
THERI\4AL COI.iFORT
it relates to thermal comfort, acoustics, lAQ, lighting levels, building cleanliness and any other comfort issues,
STANDARDS ASHRAT Standard 55-2004
REOUIREMENTS
RELATED CREDITS EI Oedit 2.3. Existing
lmplement an occupant comfort survey and corective action response system to collect anonymous responses about thermal comfort, acoustics,
lAQ, lighting levels, building cleanliness and other occupanl comtort issues at least once during the performance period.
Building Commissioning0ngoing Commissioning Credit 3.1' Pefomance easuoment-Euilding
EA
@
Automation System
IMPLEMENTATION
l[Q Prerequisite l: Mininum
a
Ito Crdit 1.2: IndoorAir
@ ouality Brst Management
requtreo,
a
Pr,ctices-outdoor Air Delivery onitofing
The suruey must cover the lollowing areas of occupant comlort and be developed in accordance with the survey outlined in ASHRAE 55-
2004:
o o
Ito Credit 2.3: occupant
Comfort ThermalComlort
o o o
Monitoriog lEo Credit 3.3: Green
The survey must be performed at leasl once during the pedormance
period. However, implementinS an ongoing surveying program rs
Indoor Air Qualily Perfonname
a
Thermal comfort; Acousticsi Indoof ai quality {lAQ)i Lighting levelsi and BualdinB cleanliness.
Cleaning Poduct and
For each survey question, the answer choices can be presented on a seven-point scale fanging from very satisfied (+3) to very dissaiisfied
Ivlatedal Purchasâ&#x201A;Źs
(-3), with the midpoint (0) signifying neuhalitt
Cleaning-Sustainable
lEQCredit 3.4: Green
a
Cleaning Sustainable Cleaning Equipment
Cleanin
a
g-lndoor Pollutant
Source Control
o
The total number of respondents must râ&#x201A;Źpresent at least 3070 of the number of reSular burldrnB occupants.
The survey may be administered in person, over the phone, over networked computers or on paper, but it must be consistently applied and be available for participation by reglilar occupants.
lE0Credit 3.6' 0reen
The survey responses should be tabulated. Corrective action should be taken if more than 20% of respondents are dissatisfied with one of the
Clerning-lndoor Integrated
questions.
Pest ll4anagement
150
LISGBC Studv Gu de for LEED AP Ooeratons + lvla ntenance
IMPLEMENIATION, CONTINUED
o
TIME LINE/TEAM
Types of corrective actron include:
o c
C
c
#ob
conhol adjustments; 0iffuser airflow adjustments; Solar control; and Acoustical and lighting modifications. HVAC
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Develop an occupart cornfod suryey and an administrat on
time
ne, such
bi
as once a qLrarter or tw ce anrually. Perform the survey at least once during
the performance period and create a creative action plan for any that come uD.
ssLles
Surveying the entire building population is not necessary; a randomly selected representative sample can be used, as long as enough people are suweyed. The required minimum sample size is determined by the following formula: Equalion
lnn
li. ltto nd6Enc.
Guid. ior Er..n Building
oD.ritlon & [ain.n.n4, 2dl9-
P.t.29. Requircd Faidom sample
sze =
(*
or Resu
r
(r
or ReEu
a o€upanls + 752)
o(upanbX 752)
NOTES Figuro 8 illuslrates an example developed by the Center forthe Bu lt Environment atthe ljn velsiiy of Calilornia-Betuley (www.cbe. berk€ley.edu). Th s occupant comfort
survey uses a 7-point scale so
FiruB Slromth. LEID R.l.lenDe cuide lor cr€en Building op.ntiont & Mrinbnanc., 2oo9. P.iG 394. Sample Occlpant Sufrev. Gene6rSatisl-rim.Buildine Genec |
$lisre
I'on.wor
rplace
o6s
The occopant
Funshiiss
phone, over networked computers, or
--a---i-
0.53
on paperbul should be consistently
i
tI} !3m i3
An Qua
acousl. oua
ceanlie$ aid
Ma
!
nreiance
comloft suftey may in person, over the
be administered
0.69
OrrncLayoul O|nce
that suruey rcsults can beeasrly represented both statistically and g.aphically.
the percentag€ oi d ssatisfi€d occupants from the numberof
o 34 0 e3
,1
--.---1-.
appliedandavailableJorparticipati0n by all regular occupants. Cahulate
i
respondents who choose any of the lower 3 points ofthe 7-point sca e.
13
0 0a
Indoo, Envtonm€nlal Qrality
151
KEY TERMS
INTENT
c0 IR0ts
To provide a high level of lighting system control by individual occupants or groups in multi-occupant spaces (such as classrooms or conference areas)
GROUP MULTI{CCUPAM SPACES
I l)tvtDl,ll
to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants.
occuPAt{T sPAcEs
t{oiloccuPtED sPAcEs
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
ilone
Provide lighting controls for at least 50% of building occupanb for at least 50% of individual workstations and for at least 50% of group multi-
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
EA
@,
PHeqoisite 2i
For individual conhols, consider purchasing task lighting for in private
workstations and providing individual overhead controls
Performrnce
offices.
tA
Cdit
I
'
optimire Eoerg
a
E ficiency Perfomance
Prercqrisite l: Ener$f @ EA E ficiency Best Maoa&mert Practices
El C|rdit 2, Existing Euilding
@; Connissioning
6
o
Minimom Energy Eff iciencl
lEo
a o
For goup multi-occupant spaces, specific types or numbeE of controls are not required, you just need at least one lighting control and an on/off switch will rvork. But multiDle dimmable switches are an appropriate application as well. Do not include nonoccupied spaces in your calculations.
Educate occupants about their controls so that they use the controls conectly.
Ordit 2.4' Daylight and
Viens
USGBC Study Guide lor LEED AP
op.rctions +.Mainlenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
a a a
TIME LINE/TEAM
Keep track of the individlal workstations, the multi-occuDant soaces and the type of corkols located in each space. Th s credit requires the use of two calcu ations because the credit has two components: individ!al workstations and group spaces.
Calculations for individual occupant work spaces: Count the number of workstations with task lightinS and divide this number by the total number of individual workstations. lhe numbef of individual controls
must be 50% or greater.
a
Calculations for group multi-occupant spaces: ldentify all group multi, occupant spaces that have lighting conkols, determine the square footage ot each and divide this number by the total square footage ot group multi-occupant spaces. The total arca of group multioccupant spaces with access to controls must be 5070 or greater.
rigurc 9 trom rn. Page zl(D. Worl(
LEED
R.Lnnc. coid. io, Gl..n Solldlry o&nrion3 & [iinl.n.nc., 2@9.
-.Ol*.
!EF !
FAC]LIIY
EUTLDTNC
MAIIACER!'7 ENCTNEER
- /
NOTES
Stationswith IndividuallyAdjuslable Task Lightiog.
Conlollabletask lighting is often an antegral pad of olfice systems f urniture
and workstations. Portable
fixtures that are not hard-wired can also count toward the fullillment ol
thiscredit.
ADJUSTABLE TASK L]GHT NC
Indoor Env ronmenia aualty
KEY TERMS
INTENT
co tonTcRmRh
THERMAI. COIVFORT
To support the apprcpriate operations and maintenance ol buildings and building systems so that they continue to meet target building performance goals over the long term and provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports the productivity and wellbeing of building occupants.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
ASHRit Slandard 55-2004
Have in place a permanent monitoring system to ensure ongoing building performance that meets the desired comfort criteria, including continuous monitoring of air temperature and humidity and periodic testing of air speed and radiant temperature n occupied spaces. Have alarms for conditiofs that require system adjustment of repair and procedures for adjustments or repairs in response to problems identified-
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
REI.ATI'/T HU[lIDITY
EA
Preequisite 1, Energ
a
Eff iciency Best ilana gement
Practice- Planning, Documeitatiofl and
55-2004.
a
o o
EA Prercquisile 2,
l|inimum Energy Efi iciencl
EA
CGdit 3.1: Performance
Measurernent-Building Automaiion System lE0 Credit 2.1, 0ccupant
Comlon--{ccupanl So&et
Install permanent monitors for temperature and relatrve humidity. At a mlntmum:
0ppoduiity Assessmert
Pertormance
Determine the project's comfort criteria according to ASHRAE Standard
a
At l€ast on€ air t€mDerattire sensor must be located in each HVAC zone At least one humiditysensor must be located in e6ch distinct humidityzone within the building.
What is a humadity zone? These are defined by either differences in space use or cooling control systems.
a a a a a
Sensors must be positioned between 4 and
72 inches above the floor.
Perform periodic spot measurements for a r speed and relatlve humidity.
System alarms must be set off when space conditions fall outside the thermal comf ort criteria. Establish a process for regularly reviewing thermal comfort conditions through trend data to identify oppotunities for adjustments-
l\ronitors and measurement devices need otooer maintenance and calibration to operate efficiently. Calibrate the sensorsio ensure accurate data measurement and prevent unnecessary energy consumption,
t54
USGBC StudyGuide lor IEED AP Op€ralions + Maintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
Track and record air temperature, humidity and air speed. Maintain a record of system sensors and actuator calibration.
a
Thermal comfod can be complex. Some
of the factors
involved
include:
o
o
a
.Environmental conditions: air temperature, radiant temperature, humidity and air speed; and Personalfactors: metabolic rate, clothing and preferences.
Permanentmonitoring:
o
NIust measure temperature and relat ve hum dity
at
15-m nute
nlerva Si ano
o
a
g"?,"r
t*.
Can be satisfied by a BAS if the sensor locations are adequately distributed throughout the occupjed spaces.
Periodic testing:
o Should meag.ire air speed and radiant temperaturei and o Be performed using hand-held mete6 or olher monitoring NOTES
equipment.
a
Design the thermal comfort criteria in accordance with ASHRAE 55-2004 and use various tools for setting parameters, including a psychromeh c chad.
Monitoring allovvs lor Incrcased occupani comlorl, and fewer compla nh, and easier managementl
Ind@r Envilonmenlal Quality
r55
KEY TERMS
INTENT
REGUI-IRLY OCCUPIEI) SPACES
To provide building occupants with a connection between indoor spaces and
the outdoors throu8h the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly
GI,ARE
VISIEII
occupied areas of the buildinS. LIGHT
IRII{SiIITTAIICE
fl LN
vrsro GWIG
REQUIREMENTS
STANDARDS ASIM 01003-07E1, Standard Test Method for Hare and
tlminous
Traisfi itance of Tlanspa|gnl Plastics
Projects can achieve this credit by providinS either daylight or views.
Daylight: The following pathways must demonstrate adequate daylight in at least 50% of all regularly occupied areas:
a Simulation: a
a a
Demonstrate through coniputer simulations
that
areas
achieve daylight illumination levels between 25 foot-candles and 500 foot-candles in a clear slry condition on September 21 at 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. Prescriotirrâ&#x201A;Źt Use the calculated ratio between window area and tloor area of side lighting and/or top lighting to achieve a total daylighting zone lor the floor area. Mea3uEment: Take indoor light measuremenb demonstrating 25 footcandles or more. Ivleasurements must be taken on a lo-foot grid for all occupied spaces and must be recorded on building floor plans. Combination: Any of the above methods may be combined to docunent
the minimum daylight illumination,
a
Achieve a direct line of sight outdoors via vision glazing for building occupants in 45% of all regularly occupied areas.
RELATED CREDITS
@ffi1#1,i,'*l#:f,:'*
IMPLEMENTATION Achieve this credit by calculating either daylight or views
a
@lli:*i,Til:f;H,,,
Fordaylight,therearetourslrategieslordemonstratingadequatedaylight - that is daylight in 50% ot reSularly occupied spaces: Simulation, Prescriptive, I\reasurement, and Combination. Achieving daylight requires siSnificant amount of windows where
o
daylight is unobstructed from interior walls or olher objects and li8ht can penetrate throughout the space.
@51ffi;'3;l'n1"oo,,'o
o o
ldentify the regularly occupied spaces and the excluded spaces. Get to8ether tloor plans, simulation lools or measuremenl tools and
calculatel
USGBC Siudy Guide tor LEED
APop.rations + Mainlenance
IMPLEMENTATION, CONTINUED
a
For views, the team just needs 45016 of sDaces.
o o
TIME LINVTEAM
to demonstrate direct line of sight in
Design interior spaces with low system furniture, lots of windows and v s bi ity around the perimeter and you should be able to achieve views for this cred t. Get together f oor plans and elevat ons and calcu at€l
^'O: OJ U.
mcL.,rr.rcr
\t
DOCUM ENTATION & CALCULATIONS Keep f oor plans, sections and elevations that show reg!larly occupied spaces. Calculate daylighting and views using a spreadsheet, and keep documentatton
of any daylight simulations. Be sure to keep track of any glare reduction strategies Lrsed.
NOTES Fordaylightang, be sure to povid€
sunlight edirection and/or glare-
The prescriptive daylighting strategies are the most difficult to !nderstand:
control devices.
o
Fixed
a
V
In calculating the side-lighting daylight zone:
o
The windowarea included in the calculation must be at least 30 inchesabove
o
lf a portion of the ceiling obstructs the entrance
oJ
daylighl, the related floor
area must be excluded from the compliant floor area.
[I,mples:
sterior shad ing devices,
futerior light shelves, Interior light shelves, Interior blinds and louvers,
For the top-lighting daylight zone:
0perable
Th€ day ight zone under a skylight is the outline of the openinS beneath the skylight plus ihe l€ss€r of these two options, 70% of the ceil ng height.
dlapries and blinds,
Fritted glazing, and
fledron c blackout glaa ng.
OR
(This ore's a little lrarder) % tlre distance to the edg€ of the neafest skylight, or the distance to any perrnanent opaque partition iarther away ihan 70% of the distance between the top of the partiiion and the ceillng.
ghi
all toplight ng, roof skylights must covef between 3% and 6% of the roof a€a, the distance between the skylights must not be more than 1.4 times the cel ing height and the glazing must have a minim!m 0.5 visible ight ttansmftance, To achleve dayl
ng thfough
tigure 14liom lhe
LEED
tular€nca
op.lltloi! & Maintenance,2009. Prgr 416. Dned Line of Slshtto Pe.imetei Vision Glaz ng. Guid€ lor Grean Bulrdlni
For vrews, rt s a lot srmoler undeGtand;
a
The direct line of sight must be through vision glazing between 30 and 90 inches above the floor.
o o o
Double windows count too, The line of sight can be drawn through interior glazing as long as the occupant can s€e oul anolher window. Private offices: The entire square footage ot the oflice iscounted if morc than 75% of the area has a difect line of siShl For multi-occupant spaces: Include only lhe aclual squarc lootage with a drrect line of sight.
qffi
?}
,.ii--*C(l
]
::--.-
Exemplary performance eligib e with 75% daylight and 95% views.
ndoor Env ronmenta Qua iy
t57
KEY TERMS
INTENT
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (IVISDS)
To red!ce the expos!re of building occupants and maintenance personnel
VOLATJLE ORGANIC COI\4POUND (VOC)
GREEN CLEANING
to potentially hazardous chemical, bio ogical and particulate contaminants, which adversely affect air quality, human health, building finishes, building systems ard tle envr.onment.
STANBARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS Have
l{one
in
place
a green cleaning
program
that addresses a plan for
appropriate staffingi training for maintenance personnel; use of chemical concentrates for dilution; use of sustainable cleaning products, mateaials and equipment; and use ofsustainable hard-floorand carpet care products.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
O
Program development:
SS
Credit 3: Integrated
Pest Management, Erosion Control, and landscape
lvlanagemed Plan IEQ
Prerequisite 3: Green
@ CleiningPolicy
lEo Credit 3.2, Green
@ Cleaniig-Custodial
Etf ectiveness Assessment
@i::,1',:x\1,ii'#',
. . . .
IEQ Credit
. . . a a
Cleaning Equipment IEQ Cred
it 3.6, Indoor
Integrated Pest l\4anagement
r56
An appropriate staffing plan; A plan for training facility personnel; Guidance on the use of chemical concentrates and Drooer dilutaon systems;
Guidance on the use of cleaning products and equipment that meet the cfitefia outlined in IEQ Credits 3.3 and 3.4r and Guidance on the use of hardJloor and cafget care Droducts and procedures,
3.4: Green
Cleaning-Sustainable
Meet hygiene and cleanliness goals. Above all, protect building occupants.
The policy must also set standards regardin8:
Cleaning Products and Maleria s
Delermine ihe cleaning program! goals based on facility usage and curent cleanliness needs. Focus bn the efficient use of chemicals and suDolies.
0pt onally, the proSram cou d also include the fo lowing elements:
a o a o
A description of local reSulatory requirements regard ng c eaningi Communlcation of proper disposal methodsi A chemical-lse log with IVSDS sheetsi and A written floor maintenance plan and maintenance og.
USGBC Study Guide for LEEo AP Operstions + Mainteiance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Keep
a copy of the green cleaning program and lpdate any
TIME LINVTEAM re evant
contracts that wou d be affected by the pfogram, Institute an appropriate staffing plan that includes ongoing ed!cation, Establish purchasing and ma ntenance procedures, includirg chemical and cleaning logs with MSDS sneets,
See Program Components of page 428 of the Green Buildlng operations and Llaintenance Reference Gulde for deta l!,.
NOTES This credit requires only a program, not ongoing actual sustainable
perf0ma0ce. This program must adhere to the
LttD lor Existing Buildings: operalions and Maintenance policy 2009
m00et. At a minimum, the policy green cleaning
nust covef
actvites within the
build ng and s te management's control but consider expanding the
polcyto address tenants and iterns outside of man,gefirent\ contro.
Po|cyversuspogram What! the driference? The program is the too thatcades outthe goah and strategres of the policy.
Ind@r Envnonmental Quality
159
KEY TERMS
INTENT
GREEN CLEANIIIG
To reduce the exposure of building occupants and maintenance personnel to potentiaily hazardous chemical, biological and paft iculate contamrnants,
CARPETAND RUG INSIITUTT (CRD
which adversely affect air q!ality, human health, building finishes, building systems and the environment, by implementing, managing and auditing cleaning procedures and processes.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
Associalion ol PhFical Plant
Complete an APPA "Custodial Staffing Guidelines" audit. Compliant projects must score a 3 or less.
Mministrators (APPA) badership in Ed0cational Facilities "Custodial Staffing Guidelines"
RELATED CREDITS lEQCEdit3.l: Green Cleaning-Hi gh Performance
IMPLEMENTATION
a
o o
CleaningProgram IEQ
Crcdit 3.3: Green
Cleaning--Sust,inable
A successful cuslodial effectiveness assessment is based on:
a
The crealion of an audit based on APPA guidelines; and The objectivity and accuracy ot the audit.
ensure objectivity, the audit should be performed by an independent assess lhe space,
To
third party or two individuals working independently to
Cleaning Products and Materials
a
Cleaning Sustainable
It the audit is performed by two individuals, it is required that they receive inshuction in the APPA auditing process, scoring levels and.
Cleining [quipment
nomenclature, or that the project teams use
IEQ
Credit 3.4: Green
a
post-audit quality
conuot process,
a a
The APPA audit should be reviewed and lollowed accordingly.
lmplement necessary changes or upgrades to the green cleaning policies, programs and procedures.
a
160
USGBC Study Guide
Schedule audits to be completed annual y.
fo. LEED AP Opâ&#x201A;Źrations 1Maintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
a
Determine the project! raw score by multiplying the score
TIME LINUTEAM
ol thal
each space by the space type appearance item's weighting factor. The combined score should be divided by 100 to achieve the score of that space type.
a
Determine the appearance level
of the building by calcu ating the
average score of a I space types. Exemplary peformance: eligible if scoring a 2 or Less.
NOTES I{one
nd@r Envnonmental Qualiiy
161
INTENT
KEY TERMS
To reduce the environmental impacts of cleaning products, disposable janitorial paper products and trash ba8s.
GREEII CLEANING
v0cs
STANDARDS
REOUIREMENTS
California Air Resour@s Soard
tnvimnmental Potection Agency CaDet and Rug Institute Grcen Label Carpet and Rug Institule Seal
lmplement
a
purchasing program for cleaning materials and products,
disposable janitorial paper products and trash bags. One point is awarded if 30% of the total annual purchases ot these producfs (by cost) meet at least one of the sustainabilitv criteria.
ol
Appro,al
IMPLEMENTATION RELATED CREDITS
lEh
s
MR Credit
r:
Solid Waste
Managemenl--ongoing Consunables IEQ
Create a purchasing policy that specifies that must meet the following cleaning criteria.
a
€
Prerequisite 3' Green
l€QCredil3.l:Grcen Cleaning-{reen Cleaning
Cleaning products:
O
@ CleaningPolicl
O
o
O
a
all new cleaning equipment
Green SealGS-37, for Seneral-purpose, bathroom, glass and carpetcleaners used for industrial and institutional purposes. Environmental Choice CCD-110, for cl€aning and degreasing compounds. Envimnmental Choice CCo-146, for hard-surface cleaners. Envimnmental Choice CCD-148, for carpet and upholsterycare.
Disinfectants, metal polish, floor finishes, strippers and other prcducts:
O Green Seal GS-40, for industrial and institutional floor care prcducts. O Environmental Choice CCD112, fo. digeslion additives for cleaning and
Prugram
odor control.
O
o o o
a
Disposable Janitorial paper products and trash bags: Envircnmental Proteclion ASency (EPA) Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines tor Janitorial Paper and Plastic Trash Can Linels.
o
O
o
O
o o
a
Envionmental Choice CCD-113, for drain or grease-trap additives. Environmental Choice CCD-I15, for odor controladditives. Envionmental Choice CCD-147, for hardJloor care. Cslifornia Code of Re8ulations maximum allowable VOC levels for the specf ic producl cateSory,
Green Seal GS-09, for paper towels and napkins. Green SealGS-01, for tissue Daoer. Environmenial Choice CCD-082, for toilet tissue, Envircnmenial Choice CCD-086, for hand towels. Janitorial paper pfoducts derived from rapid y renewable fesoufces or made ffom treeJree i berc,
Hand soaps:
O
antinicrob alagents (otherthan as a preseruative) except where required oy l'ealth codes ano orler regJlatiols (e.9. food serurce ard health care).
No
!SGBC Studv Gu de lor LEED AP Ooeral ons + l\,laintenance
TIME LINE/TEAM
IMPLEMENTATION, CONTINUED
o o
Gfeen Seal GS-41, fof indushial and insiitutiona hand cl€aners. Environmental Choice CCD-104, for hand cleaners and hand soaps.
Cleaning product and material purchases include items used by jn-house staff or outsourced service providers.
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Keep a log of all green cleaning products and materials and record the date
of purchase and all sustainability criteria met.
J.',,
b
Several key calculations are important to remember, including computing the weighted average for purchases and accounting for nonparticipating
renanls,
of products and the Estimate for Non-Participating tenants when calculating percentage of Remember to take into account the Weighted Value
sustainable ourchases. Track and calculate the total percentage of total cleaning products and materials purchased that meet one or more of the sustainabilit criteria.
LDl. | |
fton U. UED R.bn cl Cuid. L. Gn.n &ilding opnrlion3 & Pag. {44- Sample Susrainable Cl€aning Producr Purcnases. Tot l
cct
ot
cL.ntt rE|..i.k dd p|odct , dl3F..bL i.nib.i.t p.Fr
a
rE
5:
g
;F R
;:
!s
EI GS 37
l{one
[rant n.nc., 2m9.
tdrd.
}I t E!
NOTES
lt,oqt
E
$r0
EI, IE
A
25
25%
150
30%
.g
EC
$300
042 Tota susta nable pufcha*s
$550
Susta nable pufchas6as percenlage of lolal pufch6ses The p/olect
lean
has prcv ded d@umenlalioi
'rdv."'..p'od.t(oiol'ar(e*il5 esoec''ed5jsla.ab'lilrclle.irlo
pq ..ra8ao, -rp pl.Fased /a.rpor r.i.sra,raoF pr..1as* rr*.d aoot. m n mum,
bycct
55%
lfom proi*t manufaclureE or suppli.rs
tferollowrg
rrld
b€
20\
lodemonstrale conp ancel
lndoor Env!fonmenia Quality
]_"".?
KEY TERMS GREEN CLEANING
STANDARDS
INTENT To reduce the exposure of build ng occupants and ma ntenance personnel to potentially hazardous chemica, biologica and padiculate contaminants, which advers€ly affect air qual ty, human hea th, building finishes, building systems and the envllonment, from powered clean ng equipment.
Califomia A r Resources Board {CARB) Env ronmental Prcteciion Agency Carpet and Rug Inst tute (CRl) Green La0el
REOUIREMENTS
Appro!al
lmplement a program for the purchase and use of janitor al equipment. Keep a log of a I equ pment, includ ng date of purchase, vendor specifications and anv reDair or ma ntenance activities.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
Carpet and
Rlg Insttute Sea of
ollfi:lll?:iil},lff;ft
a
purchased during
Plan
c o o o o
I\lanagenent, Irosion Contol. and Landscape Management Plan
Prerequisite 3: Grcen
@ Cleaning Policy
ItQ Cred t 3.1, Green
@l C eaning-Green Cleaning
o
Progranl
o o o o
164
the performance period must meet the lollowing
criteria:
SS Cr€dit 3: Integrated Pest
l[0
Create a purchasing policy that specifies that all new cleaning equipment
Vacuum cleaners are ce{ified by the CRI Green Label Testing Program for vacuum cleaners, Carpet eitraction equipmeni is certiiied bythe CRlSealofApprovalTestine Program lor deep-cleaning exvactors. Powered lloor rna nt€nance equipment rs equipped with vacuums, guards and/or othef devices for capt!ring fine pad cu at€sThe equipment operates at a solnd level ol ess tlran 70 dBA or 90 dBA, deperding or the equ pment's use,
ioor equpment has high-effic ency, low-emissions engines with cata ytrc conveders and mLrfflers that meet CARB or EPA standards fof the specif c englne s ze.
Propane-powefed
Automated scrubbing machines are equipped with vafrab e speed feed pumps and on-board chemca metef ng to optimize th€ use of ceaning fl! ds Alternatively, the scrubbing mach n€s use only tap water with no added c eaning pfoducts. Battery powered equ pment rs €quipped wiih environmentally pr€ferable gel batteries. Powefed equiprnent ls efgonomically designed to m nimize v bratlon, noise and user iatigue, EqLrrpmeni s designed with safeguards, such as roll€ls or rubb€r bumpers, to reduce potential damage to building surfaces.
While all new purchases must meet the above criteria, not all equipment in use must meet the credit requirements: At least 20% of equipment used in the building must meet one of the sustainability criteria, other than the requirements for safeguards.
USGBC SludvGuide for LEED AP Ooeralions + Mainlenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Keep a log of all equipment in use in purchase and maintenance activity, Keep
TIME LINE/TEAM
the building, including date of
a log of powered housekeeping equipment and record the date of
purchase and all sustainability criteria met.
Track repair and maintenance activities for powered cleaning equipment. Include both new and existing equipment. Track and calculate the total percentage of total cleaning products and materials purchas€d that meet at least one of the sustainability criteria. T.nb
13 rrom
n.
UEo
R.Lr..c.
GuirL
6. GE.r &ildirt op.ffdom & [rirbr.rc., 2q19.
P.g. /t50. Sample CleaninS Equipment Inv€ntory,
a
$o
:=
c a J
!is
,s
34
I a
I
.J
3r'05
$?50
&o7
$1,50O
NOTES ilone
ir,0@ t4,0oo Pe'c€nlage lhat
Retc'il€'ia
75\
3a%
Indoo. Envircnmental
Qualit
KEY TERMS
INTENT
ENTRYWAY SYSTTI\4S
To reduce the exposure of building occupants and maintenance personnel to potentlal y hazardous chemical, biological and particulate contaminants,
WALK-OFF MATS
which adversely affect air qual ty, human health, building finishes, building systems and the environment.
STANDARDS
REOUIREMENTS
l{one
Employ permanent entryway systems (grilles, grates, mats) at least 10 feet long at all pub!ic entry points, and develop cleaning strategies to maintain thosâ&#x201A;Ź entryway systems and exterior v/alkways. Provide containment drains plumbed forappropriate disposalot hazardous liquid wastes in placeswhere vrater and chemical concentrate mixing occurs for laboratory purposes.
RELATED CREDITS ss Credit 2: Building kterior and Hardscape ltanagement Plan
IMPLEMENTATION
o a
ItQ Oedit 3.1: Green
Cleaning-High Perlormance Cleaning
Pogram IEQ Credit
3.2: Green
a
Equip all exterior entrances v/ith entryv/ay systems 10 feet in length.
Ensure that mats meet standards electroslatic propensity levels.
lo8 that tracks performance and maintenance occurrence.
a
and
Develop a proper maintenance plan for cleaning the entryways wilh a Locate containment drains away from aensitive populations.
Cleaning--{ustodial ttfectiveness Assessment IEQ Credit3.3,Green Cleaning-+urchase of
Sustainable Cleaning Producls and I\laterials
USGBC Study Guide
for tire-retardant ratings
fo. LEED AP ODâ&#x201A;Źrations + Maintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
Retain product literature for entryway systems and create a detailed cleaning and ma ntenance p an. Keep floor plans highlighting entrla,t/ays an0 drarnage areas. Entryways can be non-permanent, such as rnats, or permanent such as the grate shown at the main â&#x201A;Źntrance doors in the floor plan beiow.
tiSol.
I?
lroi rh.
|'tED
n.tra|o.
euid. tu Gncn Euilding 0F atlo||3 & X.lni.nanc., 2txt9. Flgc /{t6.
Permanent EntDvay SFtem.
+?+ l--.
E
NOTES In perfianent entryway system shown in Figrre 17, the grate is thelull w dth ol ihe main entrance doors and extends
i0leet
in the main direction
oltravel.
Indd
Envibnmental aualrty
167
KEY TERMS
INTENT
GREEII CTEANING
To feduce the exposure of
UNIVERSAL NOTIFICATION
b!ilding occupants and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous chemical, biological and partrculate contamrnants that adversely affect alr qua ity, human health, bullding flnishes, b!ilding systems and the env ronment.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
llone
Develop, implement and maintain an indoor integrated pest management (lPM) plan.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
oil,i;xi.';l."",'i:H.",
Determine which parts of the credit requirements are applicable to the project, and implement a management plan accordingly.
INTEGRAIED PEST MANAGEI\4ENT (IPI\4)
Contr'ol, and [andscape
ManagementPlan
a
ItQ CrPdit 3.1, Gr€en Cleaning-High Perlomance Cleaning Pogram
Interior pest management should focus on keeping the site's animal and insect pest populations under control and preventing pests from entering the building. Strategies include:
o o
Rernovalof invasive plants and fungi;
Site or pest inspectlon, including p€st population monltoring, and the evaluat or of the need for pest controli
!EQCredit 3.2' Green
o
Cleaning-Custodial Eflectiveness Assessmenl
San
o o
lE0Credit 3.3, Creen
Cleaning-Purchaseol
tization, structural repairs, and mechanicai
Univefsal notification, which s r€quired beiore use of a pestlcide other a leasftoiic pestic de, €xcept ir emergency situaiions. lf ernergency appl cations are necessary, noiic€ must be given to occupants within 24 hours of the aDolicationl
thai
Prcducts and Materials
o o o a
FocusinS on mor toring landscaping ieaturcs that might harbor pests;
l\raintaining lhe buildinB envelop€ to avoid intfusions; and Managing pest atlractants, such as trash receptacles.
Any cleaning products used must meet the rcquirements of IEQ Credit
3.3.
USGSC Study Guide
b ologica
Nontoxic and east-iox c rnethods for pest monitor ng and management;
Suslainable Cleaning
t68
and ivng
fo. LEEO AP Operations + Mainlenanc€
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS Retaln
TIME LINE/TEAM
a copy of the plan and record the dates durinS which it
was
irnp emented. Estab ish recordkeep n8 procedures, including logs. Develop standards for universal notificat on. Note how and to what extent each operational e ement emp oyed compares with standard practices. Recordkeep ng is necessary to document ongoing comp iance with the p an.
a a
the buldng
management's
Keep a pesticide app ication logi and
Nlaintain records of chemicals used and their effectiveness on a siven pest population.
Environmentally sensitive praclices need not be used exclusively, but it must be demonstrated that preferable practices were used at least 20 % of the Iime over the Dedormance oenod. Tabte 14 fFm dE
+3+ OJ
tfEo n!a!cm. Euid. lor Grcan llltdlry 0palatlois & llelntananca, 2009.
Prte 4dl. Sample Pesticide Applicalion toA.
e*e
€;! =Bs
g
iF
E
!
r€r
its
E$:
I Ea
II-
NOTES Integrated pest management will vary grcatly depending on the location of the
poi€ct site. ft is important to
monitorand rccord strategies used, in order to detem ine their effectiveness.
Indd
Environmntal Qualily
169
What are major sources ol pollution in buildings, and what etlects can they have on building occupants?
llrhat arc some steps that building teams must take it prohibiting smoking in the building is not feasible?
Srhat are som€ of the benefits to impl€menting a custodial elfectiyeness ass€ssment?
llrhat are some strategiesto maintain minimum indoor air quality (lAQ) performance that enhance indoor air quality in buildings?
List ilems that rvill be addressed in an effective IAO management plan during the construction Dhase:
170
USGBC Strdy Guide ior LEEOAP Operations + Maintenance
Indmr Envnonmental Qlalily
t7l
USGBC Studv GLride for LEED AP Ooerations + Maintenancâ&#x201A;Ź
See Answer Key on page 191.
Ind@r Envircnnental Quality
\73
NOTES,,.
174
USGBC Study Guirl€ lor
lEEo AP Op€rations + Maintenance
The Innovation in Operations category (lO) recognizes proiects for innovative and exemplary building features or practices that generate environmental benefits beyond those addressed or specified by LEED-EB O&M.
The Regional Priority category (RP) addresses the presence of regionally unique environmental issues, and to encourage design teams to focus on issues that are particulafly important near a project site.
WHAT ABOUT INNOVATION AND REGIONAL PRIORITY? What technolqies have be€n developed in the last ten years that are now commonplace but were once considered innovative?
@ v
Can LEED recognize and encourageinnovation? Can LEED reward the next generation of approaches to green buildingS
Innoval
on
n Op€fatons & R€giona Priorty
IO CREDIT
I:
t
, I
.
IOCREDIT2:
ri
tocREotT3:
J AP+
THE OVERVIEW The l0 and RP categor es addrâ&#x201A;Źss nrovative and exemplary techno/ogies, methods, prolect plannrng
and the environmenta pfrorit es specif c to your regron in the fol owing areas:
a lmp ement ng new techno ogies and methods; o Involving LEED Accred ted Profess ona s; a Documenting the cost rmpacts ol sustainable operat on and maintenance pract ces; and a Cred ts in the LEED EB O&lvl Rai ng Systern that have a cerla n pr ority in youl reg on.
for
y
ng and mprov ng, and new techrolog es that lmprove bu d ng operatlors and maintenance are cont nually introduced to the marketpace n the lnnovation in Operatrons (1O) category, LEED recogn zes prolects for ther Strateg es
susta nable bLild ng operat ons are constant
evolv
Innovatrve and exemplary bu ld ng ieatures or pfact ces that generate environmental benel ts beyond those addressed or spec fred. Th s category a so serves as an important
too to ensure that ihe LEED,
EB 0&1,/ Rating Systern cont nLres to keep pace w th the evolv ng pfactices and standards of the ndustry.
176
LISCBC Study Gu de tor LEE0 AP
oleral ons + Ma ntenJn-
Additionally, the strategies explofed in the LEED-EB 0&M Rating SFtem have different environmental signif cance across ihe courky and even within a
city,
Each distinct env ronmental region has been
allocated s x credits that address their specific prior tized environmenta issues. A project that earrs
a Regional Priority credit automatically earns one point in addition to any points awarded for that credit. Up to 4 exka points can be earned in this way, with only one point earned per credit. Several projects amplement very commendable and impressive measures that are difficult to achieve in therr region and beyond the rating system. Whi e assessing a possib e l0 and RP points, one must
demonstrate sign ficant, quantifiab e env ronmental performance through ntent onal p ann rg.
SYNERGIES The credits LEED-EB
an
this category require an integrated design process that addresses every category in
0&l\4. For ideas and strategies for l0 opportunities, refer to the Exemplary Performance
section of each cred
t
n
the LEED Reference Guide for Green Bui ding 0perations and
I\,4a
ntenance,
2009. For a list ot app icab e RP credits, visit the Reglona Prlor ty database at www.usgbc.org.
INNOVATION IN OPERATIONS
) )
&
REGIONAL PRIORITY
l0 Credit I
lrnovat on in Operat ons
l0 Credit 2
LEED@
l0 Credit 3
Documenting Sustainable Building Cost lmpacts
RP Credit
Regional Priority
Accredited Professional
KEY TERMS IEED Accrediied
Pmfessional (AP)
An individual who has successfully completed the LEED professional accreditation exam. Accreditation certifies that the individual has the knowledge and sk lls necessary to padic pate in the LEED app lcation and certificat on process, ho ds a firm understand ng of green bu ld ng praci ces and princ ples, and is familiar with LEED requ rements,.resources, and processes.
l{et orescnt
falut
The total discounted value of all cash inflows and outflows from a project or
investment. Simple payback
The amount of time it wi 1 take to recover the inltial nvestment through sav ngs. The simp e payback (n years) car be ca culaied by d vd ngf fst cost 0y annla sav ngs,
Innwation in Operations & Regional Priority
r77
INTENT
KEY TERMS
To provide buiding operations, maintenance and upgrade teams with the opportunity to achieve additiona environmental benefits beyond those already addressed by the 2009 LEED for Ex sting Build ngs: 0perations and Maintenance Rating System.
fl0ne
STANDARDS
REQUIREMENTS
N0ne
PATH 1: Innovations in operations
a a
(1-4 points):
l\4ust be significant, measurable and repeatable;
IVust entail an environmental performance improvement using an operations, marntenance or system upgradei
RELATED CREDITS
Cannot appy to a strate$/ already addressed in
ihe
LEED"EB O&[4
rating systemi and
Every LEE0-EB 0&M credit holds
ideas for Innovation in operalions
lVust identify the following in writing:
points and strategies- Reler to the
o o o o
Eremplary Perfomance sâ&#x201A;Źction ot each credit for opportunities.
o PATH
The intent of the proposed innovation credit; The additional environmental benefits deliveredi The proposed requirements for compliancei The proposed pedormance metrics to demonstrate complance and the strategies used to meet the fequlrementsi and The proposed requirements met during the performance period.
2: Exemplary performance (1 3 points):
Exemplary performance can be achieved for an existing LEED-EB O&M prerequisite or cred t that allows exemplary pedormance. A point may be earned for achieving do!bLe the cred t requirements and/
or achieving the next incremental percentage threshold of an existing credit. one point is awarded foreach exemplary performance achieved. No more than three points under lO Credit 1 may be earned through exemplary
,
^a|f^rm:n.a
IMPLEMENTATION
o
For credits with mathematical metrics, teams must perlormance eve defned by the next incremental threshold.
17E
!SGBC Studv Gu dâ&#x201A;Ź for LEED AP Ooefal ons + Ma ntenance
IMPLEMENTATION, CONTINUED
a
TIME LINE/TEAM
An lO point can be earned by expanding the strategy or research, provided that this expansion is significant and yields additional envlronmental benef
Lts,
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
o a
oocument the process bywhich the project team has worked to develop and/or implement additional environmental benef its. Track the development and implementation processes to illuskate the specific exceptional and innovative strategies used.
NOTES llone
Innwation in O9e6tions
179
KEY TERMS
INTENT
LEID ACCRED TED PROFESSIONAL
To support and encourage the operatrons, maintenance, upgrade and project team lntegration required by LEED to stream ine the application
(AP)
:n.l .6''rif i.:t;^n
STANDARDS LEED
^i^^a.c
REQUIREMENTS
Accfedited Prolessional, Grcen
At least one principal participant of the project team shall be a LEED AP
Build ng Certification Institute
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
l'lone
Including a LEED AP on the project team meets the credit requirements and can be accomplished in either of two ways:
a
Engage an individual within the organization who is already a LEED AP
to participate in the certificalion application process; or
a
la0
USGBC Study
Hire a LEED AP to support the project.
G! de tor LEED AP Operations + Ma nte.snce
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINSTEAM
obtain confirmation from the team members who are LEE0 APs. No calculations are reouired for this credit.
NOIES Additional Notes: l-EEo APs who hare passed the examination {vith the IEED-EB 0&M focus have demonstEted th. abilityto integrate sustai0ability into building operations and maintenance pmctices.
Innovation in 0peralions
l8r
KEY TERMS
INTENT
NETPRISEN]VALUI
To document sustainable
building cost mpacts.
SIIVIPLt PAYBACK
STANDARDS
REOUIREMENTS
N0ne
Document the overa I building operating costs for the previous five years (or the length of bu lding occupancy, wh chever is shorier). Document
the building operating costs and financial impact for LEED EB O&Nl implementatron, and track changes in overall buildrng operating costs during the perfofmance period.
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
llis cndit is lelated
a
to allcredits in
Track historical operating costs. lf the team has not done so thus far, use B0[IA's b(perience Exchange Report as a guideline.
the IEED-EB 0&M rating system.
a
Track the costs and savings related
to
sustainability measures
implemented.
a a
lack
operating costs over the pedormance period.
Track costs n terms of internal staff hours. consultant fees. and LEED-
EB 0&[4 certification costs.
a
Use the sustainable building cost impacts analysis calculaior provided
by the USGBC to determine overall operatirg costs and savings associated with LEED-EB 0&l\4 imo ementation and ceri fication.
ta2
USGBC Studv Guide ror IEED AP
Oe6t,ons + Mai.ienance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINE/TEAM
It's not iust about tracking and recordingi be slre to maintain records wel as the r associated
and doc!mentation of any improvements made, as Davback.
Em'si@s Redudion
_ -
B&liie Emi$ions -
Pertmanc€ Period Emisions
;rb c*{ 9.t
Operating costs include all of the following:
. . . .
c ean ng expenses; Repair/mainteranceexpenses; Roads/grounds expenses; and
Utility expenses, ncluding electricity, fuels, lrater and waste disposal.
T.bl. I Inm th. UtD Rdlnncl 8uid. tor Gcen Building o!.rrioB
!
.iftn.nc., 20@. Pag.479. Op€ratingCosl Tracking: Annual Historical Blildin8 Epenses Prior ro LEED for tuisling Buildingsr O&M Perlomance Period. F&itily Erp.nc L@unl C.t
tdi6
rrn6l .nrl lF{. Hl.iqk l Allldlnl Btrc ftid ro tEEDEa:olM a{ildl.a P.i&rii.m P.rird lcal€nda. d Fi$.| Yot (l in G6 A.ilEl Figures)
NOTES The magnitude of environmeital
mpacl reductions for a LEED-EB Lr
0&iI cerl iied building is directly
nsegresated Cleai ng ExPeises
related tothe amount, scope, and type of sustainable building operation measures and upgrrdes implemented other Spec al'zed Coi?acts
aid mainlained inlhe building. Manyaclions included in ttED EB 0&M cerlilication arc low{ost or n0cosl actions. Although implementing $o
$0
energy etticiency, waterefficiency
$o
and building sFtem improvements may entail initial capital costs.
opportunities for major savings can be found
in enefgy, water and sewer,
and waste dhposal expendiiurcs.
Innovat
on
n 0Peral ons
183
KEY TERMS
INTENT
NOne
To provide
an
ncentive for
the achievement of credits that
address
geographical y spec,f ic environmenral priorities.
STANDARDS
REOUIREMENTS A project that earns a Regional Priority (RP) credit automatically earns one point in additon to any points awarded for that credit. Up to four extra poi'lts car be earred in th s r!ay,
None
RELATED CREDITS
IMPLEMENTATION
IIone
A database of RP credits and their geographic applicability is available on the USGBC website.
184
USGBC Studv Guide for LEE0 AP Opeâ&#x201A;Źtions + [4aintenance
DOCUMENTATION & CALCULATIONS
TIME LINETTEAM
-
just track the achievement of the USGBC Documentation is simple identified Regional Prioribr credit. No calculations are required for this credit.
+?r OJ NOTES llone
Innovation in Opsations
lE5
How many credits can you think of thai are eligible for exemplary perfolmance? lllhat are the requirements for achieving exemplary performance for these credits?
What slrategies must you implement to achieve an Innovation in Operations credit lor a Green Educational Program?
l{hat are some of the primaiy benelits to having a LEED AP on your prorect team?
lvhat are some operating costs?
of the primary benefits of documenting your overall building
List unique environmental issues tor your region and how they could be applied to credits wilhin LEED Existing Buildings:
la6
USGBC Studv Gu dâ&#x201A;Ź
lof LEED AP ooefations + Ms ntenance
J!.1on
'n
opc
.Ikcp.n. lrr /
187
See Answer Key on page 192-
rE6
USGBC Study Guide fof LEED AP Opeâ&#x201A;Źtions + Mainlenance
PRACTICE OUESTION ANSWER KEY
5. a. The total available roof area fof this credit equates to 2,275 square feet, as the area of the roof-top mechanical units are not included in
SUSTAIl{ABLE SITES PRACTICE 0uEsTt0l{ A1{swERS
l.
b. Applicants should set high goals and work
towards their achievement. When employing
the plans, include a clear performance measurement by describing how actual outcomes
will be measured and tracked over time. Also, demonstrate that environmentally preferred
this equation. This means that the area of the green root is equal to 657o of to total roof area, earnang the project SS Credit 7.2.
6. c. The only permissible reason to burn landscape waste is for the generation of renewable energy; however, this strateg/ would
not be typical at conventional commercial buildings without the appropriate inf rastructure.
practrces were used al least 20% of the time.
2. b. Structuralcontrol measures retain sediment after erosion has occurred. These measures
7. c. The project must randomly sample a proportionate number of people and have a 80% response rate. However, in this case, the prcject
typically included earth dikes, silt tencing, and
team should have sampled 429 people and thus
sedrmentation traps and basins. Eadh dikes
mu$ re-suryey.
are used to divert off sate runotf around the
constructron sate, davert runoff from stabilized areas and disturbed areas, and direct runoff into
sediment basins or traps-
WATER EFFICIEI{CY PRACTICE 0UEST|0ll Al'ISWERS
3. c. Under LEED-NC or LEED,CS, r007o
l.
of the building must have been previously
reduce the water consumption in landscaping,
certitied, however, under LEED-CI, at least 75%
including xeriscapinE and installi!g native and
of the floor area must have been previously
adaptive vegetation. However, if the landscape
certified. Fudhermore, the USGBC recognizes
is existing, water consumption involves drip
certifications from any version of the Rating
irrigation, moisture sensing, and weather data
System.
all strategies to avoid overspray and unnecessary waterang. (Dfip arrigation provides water
4. d, e. As the interior lighting requirements of
directly to the planti moisture sensors detect jf the ground actually needs to be wateredi
lhis cfedit have been met, there are two options lor achaeving the exterior lighting requirements. These include either installing full or partial cut-
off fixtures on all exterior lighting above 50 watts or measuring light illumination levels around the
site. Performing both
of these options
is not required. LEED-NC recommends the
b, c,
t.
There are several strategies to
-
weather data can establish that it will rain in the atternoon and watering in the morning is unnecessary. Pop-up splay heads vaporize the much of the irrigation watet a time clock and automatic time6 do not know
il it
is currently
rarnrng.)
development of a photometric chad, however this
action is not required by LEED-EB.
la9
2. a, b, e. There afe several advantages to
ENERGY
mon toring potab e water consumpt on at a
OUESTI(lN ANSWERS
bu ldlng, and LEED-EB a rns to award project
for monitor ng those s!bsystems that are
the argest effect water consumpt on patterns, There s no
permanently insial ed and have over
The major difference between an ASHRAE
L1 and ASHRAE L2 Audrt s further research and deve opment jnto the costs assoc ated w th the EFrV's, as well a-
make-up water for a bo er, as th s is heat ng
water used in othet ptocesses, stofrfwater is
L c.
& ATMOSPHERE PRACTICE
rot
a water cons!mpt ve process and hose bibs wl
be incl{rded under rrigat on water use or water use on the bu ld ng exterior.
3. b. craywater is defined by the Un form Plumbing Code and typica ly governed by your local juflsdictjon. Graywater can potentra ly be
toxic and contaminated and lhe most common uses are for landscape irrigation, not in cases
where the graywater would come into contact
with building occupants4. d. Blackwater definitions vary, but wastewater from toilets and urinals is always considered blackwater. Wastewater from kitchen sinks (perhaps differentiated by lhe use of a garbage
disposal), showers, or bathtubs is considered blackwater under some state or local codes. 5. e. You must use makeup water that cons sts of at least 50% nonpotable water, slch as harvested ra nwater, harvested stormwatet, art-
condit oner condensate, sw mmirg pool frlter backwash water, cooling tower b owdown, pass-
through (once through) cooling water, recycled treated wastewater from toi et and ur nal
f ushing, foundation drain water, mLrnicipally
'l
e laLlch o[ data loggerc. i1
soTne cases,
2. a. Chlorofluorocarbons are hydrocarbons that are used as refr gerants and cause depletron of
the shatospheric ozone ayer. They should be
e
3.
minated if feas ble. d. Wh e hav ng a whole-building water meter
rs a commendable and desirable strategy in a
it rs not a minrmum requirernent of LEED-EB certification. Having a dedicated green building,
whole building energy meter is a reqiirement of LEED'EB certification and no building can share a meter or extrapolate ener$/ consumption from a campus level meter.
4. a. Each retrigerant, whether it contains
CFCS
or nol, has a varyrng level of oTone depletior.
potential (ODP)and global warming potential (GWP).
5. a, b, L The burlding automation system
typica ly controls the energy consuming building
systen!. PlJg odor dnd
L tchen
eouiorr"rt ar"
controlled by the bu lding occupants. 6. a, b, c. The LJSGBC has defined for LEED which systems are renewable energy sources and which are passrve strategies.
reclaimed water or any other appropr ate onsite water source that is not natLrra y occurr ng
7. c. All spaces n the build ng mlst be energy
groundwater or surface water. You must also have
performance rated using the same method. As
a measurement program in p ace that ver fies
ll^e nalL'actu||ng spaae is rhe largF-l
makeup water quant ties used from nonpotable
the bujlding and is not lncluded in ENERGY
sources.
STAR, the entire prolect must be energy
USGBC
StldvGulde fo, LEEo AP Ooe,al ons + Mainlenance
.re.
i1
pe{o'-arce rdled L.i1g ore
of rl^e alte.native
Durab e Goods. Finally, if a constrLrction
options from the LEED Reference Gu de for
project displaces more than 50% of a buiding
Green Building Operations and lVJaintenance.
population than the project does not qualify for LEED-EB O&M and should pursue certification
under one of the Design and Construction rating
MATERIATS & RESOURCES PRACTICE OUESTION ANSWERS 1. d. The Carpet
ard Rug nst tute administers
the Greer Label Plus program to test carpet
systems.
5. e. Verd rg mach ne saies are to be excluded from the scope of LEED GB OIV purchasing cred ts.
cLrshions and adhesives to identify products wtth
low VoCs. The other three cedification refer to paints, furniture, and electric power, respectively. 2. c. In an Envlronmentally Preferable
INDOOR EI{VIROl{MENTAL OUAIITY PRACTICE QUESTION ANSWERS
Purchasrng Policy, the project team wou d a ways
1. b. In some s tuations the exrst ng air handlers
need to rncl!de ongoing consurnables- They a so
erther do rlot have the capac ty to al ow in
have to inc ude
at
east one of the followingl
enough oltside air to meet ASFlRAE 62.1-2007
durab e goods, fac lity alterations and add t ons,
or there are phys cal constraints that make it
and lamps. However, ongoing consumables are
rmpossrDte,
required to be included in every environmentally
2. c, d, f. During construction, IEQ Credit 1.5:
fl eferable purchaiing pohcy
Indoor Air Quality Best Management Practices
_Dlrable gooos 3. a, b, g. a e def reo by l-avirg a
useiu
ife of two years or more, are replaced
nfrequenily, andl or requ re cap
ta
out ays.
Indoor Air Quality N4anagement for Facility
Alterat ons and Addit ons requrres that a project meets or exceeds the recommended corkol
Per the Reference Gu de, examples oi durab e
measures of the Metal and Air Condition ng
Soods inc ude furniture, office equ pment, appliances, external power adapters, televisiofis,
National Contractols Association (SIVACNA)
and audiovisual equipment. Batteries and toner
Constniction- The items listed above are
cartridges would be classified as "ongoing
detailed within these guidelines.
IAQ Guidelines for occupied Buildings Under
cons!mables"; carpet systems and urinal va ves wou d be c assif ed as "fac lity alterations and
3. a. Integrated Pest IVlanagement seeks to
additions mater a s".
rnarage pest popu at ons usirg least tox c strategies, wh ch may include the instal at on of
4. d, e, f. The LEED EB o&NI definition of
scteens,
Facility Alterations & Additrons does not include any changes to basic building systems and
4. a, d. An Integrated Pest Management Plan
therefore the plumbing and roof replacements
should provide guidclines for the use of cleaning
could not qualify for this credits. Additlonally,
products. materials and equipment as specified
any furn ture upgrades would be included
!nder IEQ Cred t 3.3, Green Clean n8-Pufchase
under
L4R
Credit 2: Sustainable P!rchas ng
of Srslairaole C ean r g ProdLcrs ard [,4arer alq
191
and IEQ Credit 3.4, Green C ean ng-Sustainab e
4- d. You rnust identify the intent of the proposed nnovation credit. You must also identify the
Clean ng Equipment.
add tional env ronmental benefits delivered
5. d- 10% of the building, by floor area,
the proposed requirements for compliance, the
can be "exempted" for non participating
proposed performance metrics to demonstrate
tenants. However, since this major tenant did
compliance and the approaches (strategies) used
not participate in the LEED EB process and
to meet the requirements, and the proposed
occupies over 50o/6
bF, onf'ned
of the buildlng, it can not
reqLrirements met during the performance perrod.
that they are pLrrchaci'rg c earing
products that qualify as "sustainab e" products.
5. b. An educat onal program shou d address
Also, costs / sf values can be extrapolated for
envLronmental and human health benefits of
non participating tenants, but the project doesn't
green building practices and how building
meet the minimum threshold of 30% (by cost).
occupants or the public can help improve green
Therefore, no points are awarded.
performance. A project team must evaluate results and refine the program to increase
INNOVATION IN OPERATIONS & REGIONAL PRIORITY PRACTICE OUESTION AI{SWERS 1. b- To fully analyze the financial impacts of various "green" O&l!l strategies,
it is important to
kack the capital and operational expenses (and corresponding savings) on a regu ar basis. The USGBC requires f ve years of historical data to
estab ish a basel ne. 2. b, rs
G. SS
credit 6: Stormwater lvlanagement
ekgible for exemplary performance at 30%
mitigation and SS credit 7.1: Heat lsland Reduction
-
Non-Roof is eligible for 100%
under surface parking.
3. e. The project earns IEQ Cred t 3.3: Green Cleaningr Purchase of Susta nable Cleaning Products and Materials and is eligible for an
lo credit
l:
Innovation in operations point
for Exemplary Performance. The project also achieves a point for SS Credit 6: Storrrwater IVanagement and an additional point under Regional Pr oflty for a total of 4 points.
192
USGBC StodyGriide lor LEEOAP Operations+ Marntenance
'ts Inpacr and aJdierce as appropriale. ThF program ftrust be active y instructiona and inc ude at least two instructiona initiatives that nave ongorng componerrs.
CREDIT REVIEW SHEET Test your knowledge of individual
credits. Make several printed copies of lhis sheet, then fill in the btanks from memory for each credit you want to practice. CATEGORY
NUI\4BER.
NAME:
AVAILABLE POINTS:
-
EXEMPLARY PERFORIVANCE:
TIME LINE:
TEAM:
INTENT:
REQUIRE[/|ENTS:
II\4 P LE IV E
NTAT IO
N STRATEGIESI
REFERENCED STANDARDS:
RELATED CREDITSI
DOCU I/lENTATION & CALCULATIONS:
EQUATIONS:
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
KEY TERMS:
Appendn
193
ACROI{YMS AND ORGAI{IZATIONS ANSI
American National Standards Institute LEED Accred ted Profess onal
Association of Physical Plart Admin strators ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refr gerating and Air-Cond t on ng Engineers
CFC
Chlorofluorocarbon
ctm
cubic feet per minute
ctR
Credrt Interpretation Request
cR1
The Carpet and
DHW
Domestic hot water
DOE
u.S. Depadment of Energy
EA
Energy and Atmosphere category
EER
Energy Efficiency Rating
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ET
Evapotranspiration
FSC
Forest Stewardship CoLincil
cpf
galons per flush
gpm
gallons per minute
HCFC
Hydrochlorof uorocarbon
H
EPA
HVAC
Rlg Inst tute
High-Eff iciency Particle Absorbing Heatrng, Ventrlation and Air Conditioning ENERGY STAR
with Indoor A r Package
IAQ
lrdoor Air Qual ty
IEQ
Indoor Environmental Quality category
tPc
lnternational Plumbing Code kilowatt kilowatt-hour
LEO
lighFemitting diode
LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Ill ERV
[/1in mum Effic ency Report ng Value
IVR
Materials and Resources category
S
EER
Seasonal Energy Effrc ency Rating
SHGC
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
SIT4ACNA
Sheet Metal and Air Conditionine Contractors' National Association
SRI
So ar Reflectance Index
Sustainable S tes category UPC
Uniform P unrb ng Code
USGBC
U.S. Green Building Council
VOC
Volatile organic Compound
WE
Water Eff iciency category
LJSGBC StLrdy Gu dâ&#x201A;Ź for LEED AP
0peratons + lvla ntenance
EXEMPTARY PERFORMANCE MATRIX Exemplary pedofmarce strategies resut in perforrnance that greai y exceeds the pedormarce evel or expands the scope fequired by an existing LEED for Existing BuiLdings: 0perations & l\,laintenance credit. To earn exemplary pertormance credits, teams must meel the performance level detined by the next step in the threshold progression. For credits with more than one compliance path, an Innovation in Operataons point can be earned by satisfying more than one compliance path if their benefits are additive. See the Innovation in Operations credit section for further detarls. EXEI\.IPtARY PERFORMANCE ETIGIBITITY
CREDIT
SS Cr€dit 4l AltematNe Commuling
IHRESHOI.O
lvlinimum 95% reducrion in conventional comm!ting trips equivalent to an average vehicle ridership (as delined by SCAQMD)
95%
ot 20.
t 5; Site Dev€ opment Protect Or Restor€ 0p€n SS Cred
-
Hab
tat
i 6: Stormwater Q!antlty Coniro SS Cred
SS Cfedit
7.Li
Heat
lsland Reduction
SS Credit 7.2, H€at lsland Reduction Rooi
On's ie native or adapted vegetat on cov€ring a m nimum of 50% of the site area (excl!rding the bui dine footprint) or 10% of the tota site area (incl!ding th€ bu ding footprint), wh chever s greater. For off-site habitat protection of festorat on, doub e the required arcas.
50% of site
Project buildings that have pfeviously earned SS Credit 5.1, Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat, under LEED Design & Construction are also eligable to €arn ex€mplary pertomance.
l0% oi total
Stormwaier manag€rnent p an n place during the performanc€ period s capable of reduc ng stormwater runoff by 30% or more.
30%
Either (l) at east 95% of rorroof rnpefv ous surfaces have been constructed w th SRI comp iani maier als and/or open'g d paving or w ll b€ shaded within 5 years; or (2) at least 95olo ol lhe on site parking spaces have been located under cover.
95%
95% ot the proiect's roof area (excluding any mechanical
95%
eqLripm€nt, photovoltaic panels, and skyllghts) consrsts oi vegetated roof system.
CRE|)IT
l:
OR
a
EXEI\,IPLARY PERTORMAI{CE EI.IGIBII.ITY
TIIRESHOTD
Comp ying wiih WE Cfedit 1, Waier Performance l\,leasuf€ment, Oplion l, and providing documentation meetrng the requirements ol opiion 2 for 2 or more water subsystems-
option 2
WE Credrt 2 Additiona Indoor P umbins Fixture And Fitt ng Effic ency
Potable water savings of 35'l, or gr€ater.
35%
WE Cred t 4i Coo ng Tower Wat€r lVanasement
[4 nimum of 95% of cooling tower makeLp waief corn€s from
95%
WE Credrt
EA
n add tion to
CREOIT
EXEMPLARY PERTORMAI{CE EIIGISII-ITY
THRESHOTI)
Credit 1: Optimize
project buildings must receive an ENERGY STAR rating of 97 or higher, and for Case 2, Opiion 2, project bui dings musi be ir the 47th percentil€ above the nationa median.
Option 2
Energy Efiiciency
F
For Case
I,
Next
highef for
casel&2 EA Crcdii 4: On-Site and Off-Site Renewable
2
Energy
13.5'l" on'site renewable eneGy, or the equivalent calculated combination of on.site and ollsite renewable eneGy, provided the percentaSe sum of off site and on-site renewable enefs/ is 100% or
Next
threshold
195
EXEMPI RY PERFoRtr,lAllCt EtlGlBlLlTY
CREOIT
MR Credit 1: Sustainable Ongoing Consurnables
Sustainable purchases of 95% or more ol total purchases over the
MR Crcdii 2: Susta nable
For Option 1, pfojeci tearns can earn 1 additional credit by
Purchasing Durable
increasing sustainable purchases of electrical equipment to 80% of total elecvonics purchases.
THRESS0U)
95%
Pufchasing
Goods
Prcjects seek ng €xernp ary performance for N4R Cred t I must document the poftion of tota annual category purchases fepfesenied by plrrchasing d!ring the perforrnance per od.
ao./.
I additional point by ircreasing susta nabl€ purchases of iufniture to 80% of tota For Option 2, projecl learns can earn
f!rnliur€
purchases.
MR Credit 3: Susta nable Purchas ne - Facilty Alterations And Additions
Sustarnable purchases for rnatef als n faci ty a terations and additions account for 95% of toial purchases.
95%
MR Crcdit 4: Sustainable Purchasing Reduced
90% of lamps purchased over the perfornance p€riod have an ave€ge mercury content of 70 picograms per lumen hour or
90%
MR Cfedit 5: Sustainab e Purchas ng
Susta nable iood and beverage pLrrchases accourt for 50% or nrore of the total cost over ihe Derformanc€ oer od.
5A%
7i So id Waste 9r"/" a vFrsiol o' the ongorrg.onsunables wasre srea'n. wanagement Ongoing
95%
M
95./"
IVR Credit
Credit 9: Solid Waste
l\,lanagement Facility
=
A lerations And Add
Divert 95% or more of waste genefated by tacility altentions and additions ffom disposal to andi ls and nc n€ration facilties.
iions
cRt0tT IEQ Credit 2.2; Controllability
EXEMPTARY PERTORMAT{CE ETIGIBILITY
95% occupanlcontrolled lighting in both individual worlstaiions
THRESHOI.D
95%
and multioccupant spaces-
Of Systems
Lighting
EQCred
i 2.4:
Day ghi
Boih 75% daylght ng and 90% v ews.
7
5./"
daylighting ard 9a% IEQ Credit
3.2: Green
Facilities that score a 2 or less in aDDearance level.
2 o. less
60% or more of the tota annual purchases of thes€ products rneets east I ol the requ fed cr ter a for th s cred t.
60./.
Cleanins Custodial
=
Effectiveness IEQ Credii
3.3: Green
Cleaning Pufchase
at
0f Sustainable Cleaning Products And
196
USGBC StudvGuide ro, LEEo AP Ooeratons+ lllaintenance
REFEREI{CE STANDARD TAELE REFERENCE TITLE
U.S. Green B! lding Counc , L€ad€6h p
in Energy and Env ronmertal D€sign
REFERENCE DESCRIPTIOTI
TVEBSIIE
The Leadership rn Energy and Envifonmenial Des gn (LEED) creen Building Rat ng System s a vo untary, consensus-based nat onal rating systern for developirg high perfofmance, sustainable bLr dings. LEED addresses al bLri ding types and €rnphasiz€s state-of-the ad strateg es in f ve sublect areas: susiainab e site developmeni, watef savings, erergy eii ciency mater als and resaufces select on, and indoor
environmeftal cuaitv. Calfofn
a Air Resources Board, Defin tion of Zefo
A zero €rn sslan vehic e (ZEV) meets the stafdards ol the Caliiorr a Arr ResoLrrces Board (CARB) These standards require zero emiss ons of feg! ated po Lrtants nonrnethane organ c gases, particulates, hydrocarbons, carbon monox de and n trogen oxtdes*when the vehrcle s either stat onary or op€rai ng. Nlost ZEVs afe powefed by €lectricity, iue cel s of hydfogen.
Amer can Counc I for an Energy Effic ent Economy, The ACEEE Green Book@: The
By defin tion, fue efirc ent veh cl€s achieve a min mum green scoie of 40 ln the veh cle-rai ng g!ide ol the American Counci fof an Efergy Eii ci€nt Economy {ACEEE). The ACEEE Green Book@, The Env ronmenta GLr de to Cars and Trucks is pub shed annually and prov des consumeronented rat ngs for evefy new ight duty veh cle in ihe U.S. market. The gr de rs based on pr nc pl€s of life-cycle assessmeni and envlronmentaL econornics, whrch iake into account the rmpact of polfulants and Breenhouse gas emissions during the life cycle of ihe vehicle and the fLel. All models are assigned a numeric score based on overall environmenlal rmpact, with a higher number indicating a more etficient vehicle. For more intormation and to s€arch ihe online dalabase ol scores ol 2O0O lo 2007 models, go to the
Ervironmental GLride to Cars and Trucks
South Coast Arr Quality lVanag€ment Dislrict, Rule 2202, On Road N4otor V€hicle N4iiigation Optrons Employee Program Guidelires, Chapter l, eiiect ve February 2004, and Ruie 2202, Employe€
Support G! de, effect ve
The South Coast An Qual(ly ltlanagemenl Dlstrict (SCAQMD) provrdes extensive guidance on collecling information about wolkels' commuti.g behavior. Rule 2202, On-Road l',,lotor Vehicle lVitigation Options Employee Commute R€duct on Program GurdeInes (February 2004), Chapter 11. estab shes pr:ctrces ihai rneet LEED for Existing BuildLngs: 0perai ois & l'/arrlenance standards lor this credit. The Rule 2202 documeni can be found on ine at www.aqrnd.gov/trans/ doc/r2202 ecrp €urde pdf. For additrona nformaloi on s!rvey techiiqu€s and tools for comp afce, see Ru e 2202, Ernploye€ Comrnute Reduct on Program AVR SLrvey SLpport Guide (Ju y 29, 2005), available on ne at www aqmd.gov/trans/doc/avr support 20050729.pdi.
Jrly 29,2AA5 lnternationai Assoc at on
of P umbing and Mechanical Off cia s. PLrbl catron IAP[,4O/ANS
I
UPC 2006, Uniforrn P umb ng Code 2006, Sectron 402.0, Wat€r Conserving Fixtures and
Th€ Un form Plurnbing Code (uPC) defines wateFconserying fixtufes aid i tt ngs for water closets, urinals and metered faLcets. Th s Arnerican Nat ona Standafds Institute accredited code safeguards fe, h€alth, property and public we fafe by r€g! at ng and conirol ing the desrgn construciion, Installation, matefials, locat on, operation afd marntenance or use of plurnbing systems.
Fritings
lnlernalional Plumb ng Code 2006, Sect,on 604, Design of Building Water Distribution System
The IPC defines maxrm!m flow rates a d corrsLrmption for plumbing firtures and frtlings, Includiig publc and private lavatoies, showerheads, sink taucets, uanals and watei closets.
greenercars,ofg
REFERETICE
TITIE
ASHRAE Level I, walkThfouSh Analysis
REFENENCE OESCRIPTIOTI
WEBSITE
ASHRAE Level I, Walk-Through Analysis, evaluaies a building's energy pe*ofmance and energy consumption by analyzing building enerSy brlls and conduciing a brief visual suruey. lt Eath€6 iacilitywide energy consumption data, derives performance indicalors, and idenlities a savinSs and cost analysis ot low-cost, no-cosl and capital improvement measures to improve building energy pedormance. ASHRAE provides lwo resources to assisl in p€dofmin8 the Level I
walk-through analysis:
.
.
U.S. EPA Clean An Act,
'fitle Vl, Section 608
ASHRAE Procedurcs for Commercial Building Energy Audits provides pfolocols lof an ener$r survey and analysis and oJfeB a tormat for detining buildings and their enef$/ use. This format will allow data to be shared in meaningtul ways. The publication sets out general procedurcs lo guide analysts and building owners, and il pfovides a unilofm method ol reporting basic information. It comes with a CD-ROM that has more than 25 guideline foms, in bolh PDF and Word fornals, and erplanatory matefial to assist in developing a eomplele and effective ene6/ analysis report, The forms can be cuslomized and prinled. The PDF oJ the book and accompanying forms can be downloaded in a single zip fale, available at http:www.ashrae.org. The 2007 ASHRAE Handbool covers a bfoad range of topics and is written to help engineers design and opemte equipment and systems for many types of lacilities. lt is accompanied by a CD-RoIV that pfesents allthe material in both lmperial {l'P) and System International (Sl) units. The handbook is available for purchase at http://www.ashrae.org.
with the Refrigemnt Recycling Rule Under Section 608 of the Clean Air Act of 1990, the EPA established regulations on the use and recycling ol o2one-depleting compounds, Find an overyiew of the pertinent regulations and information about compliance on the EPA
ENERCY STAR@ Portfolio Manager
title6/6oa/608 fact.html
government-industry partneGhip manag€d by the lJ.S. Envircnmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy. The programt website offers €ner$/ management strategies, benchma*inB software tools for buildings, pfoduct procurement guidelines and lists ol ENERGY STAR-qualified products and ENERGY STAR is a
bualdangs.
ASHRAE Level ll, Energ Audit, Ene[y Suruey and
ASHRAE Level ll, Energ/ Audit, also called the energy survey and analtsis, is a detailed examination that includes a breakdown of enerB/ distributaon within the buildang. The analysis considers the building3
operations and maintenance practices, constraints and ecoflomrc criteia. Potential capital'intensive opportunities are identified in the final report for further research and anallsis. This is a more detailed audit than ASHRAE Lelel I, Walk-Through Analysis, discussed in EA Prerequisite L The 2007 ASHRAE Handbook covers a broad range of facilities and topics to help engineers design and us€ equipment and systems. lt is accompanied by a CD-ROIV that presents all the material in both l-P (lmperial) and Sl (lnternational System of Units) units, Chapter 3S, "Energy lJse and lvlanagement," has recently been reorganized to help facil tate program planningi it includes updated content on analyzing energ/ data. Center fof Resource Solutions Green-e Ener$, Certiflcation Pfogram
198
Gfeen-e Ener8y is a voluntary certifrcation and verification program for renewable ene€y products. Green-e certifies oroducts that rneet envrronmeftal and consumer pfotection standards developed n conlunction with environmental,
USGBC Study Gu de fof LEED p,P Operal ons + lvla ntenance
0rg
REFINEilCE TITTT
REFEREI{CE DESCRIPTI|lII
WEBSIIE
energy and policy organ zat ons. Se efs ot Green e certif ed energy mLrst disclose cleaf and !seful infofmat on to customers. Thfee types of renewable energy opt/ons are e gib e for Gfeen e c€rtrf cation: renewab e energy ceriif cates, ut ty gre€n-pric ng programs and competit ve e eciric ty producis. The Gre€n-e Energy Nai onat Staidard thal wenl into eJJect lanuary 1, 2007, supersedes previous regional
and oroducl.soecif ic criteria. Council Certitied Paper
Electrcnic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)
FloorScore Scientrfic
certiflcation Sysiems
Green LabelTesting Program ( I992) and Green L.belPlus Test ng Program (2004), The Carpet afd RLrg
The Foresl Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international certification and labelinS system for products that come from responsibiy managed forests and vefif ed fecycled sources. The FSC has thr€e labeis for FSC certil ed pap€r: (1) 100% FSC, (2) Mixed SoLrrce FSC, a'rd (3) Recycled FSC. The 100% FSC logo rnd cates that a the f ber used ir mak ng the producl comes frorn wel -rnanaged fofests cert fied by the FSC t0 be admlnistefed to protect w ld f€ hab iai, ensure clean water, prot€ct h gh va ue areas and respect th€ rights oi ocal communities. Certified lorcsts do not harbor socialconflict, illegal logging. genelically modified tr€es. high-conservation vatue areas or large scale conversions that replace native hee species with plantation trces. lVixed Source FSC certification applies to paper that contains virgrn fiber ffom weli managed forests rn combrnaiion with recyct€d f ber. These prod!cts contain a minirnum of 10 Derceni of fiber from FSC ceiril ed forestsi the resi mLrsi come fforn a coftro ed source and not from areas of soc ai coni Lct or llega ogg ng, geneiically modified trees high conservat on va ue foresis or afge sca e conversions that rep ace nat ve tree spec es with plantalion ire€s. Recyc ed FSC cedifr€d pfoducts coniain 100 percent recvcled conteni. A full lisl of FSC cerlilied paper products can be found al www.tscus.orglimagev documentvFsc certified papers.pdf.
electronic products to help purchasers in the public and private sectors evaluaie, compare and select monitors and desktop and fotebook computers based on their env ronrnental atiributes. The webs te has a fegrstfy oi products that have been declared by th€ r manufacturers fo conforrn to an efviTonmerta performance siandafd, ProdLcts are evaluated of 51 environmenta cfiteria (23 reouired and 28 opt ona ) ard then fanked. An EPEAT bfonz€ ratlng means the prodlct has fief all the required criteria; silver products have met all required and an additional I4 or more optionalcriteria; and gold products have met all required and at leasl 2l ootionalcriteria. EPEAT rates
According to its website, "the Flooscore program. developed by the Res lient Floor Covering jnstilute (RFCl) in contLrnctlon with Scientific Cerrifrcat on Syst€ms (SCS) iests afd certtf es i oor ng pfoducis for comp|ance with ndoor air qua ty emission requirements adopted lf Ca lofnia. F oor ng products include v ny , linoleum, arn nate floor ng wood I oor ng, c€ramic I ooring, fubber I oor ng, wall bas€ ard assoc at€d sundr es." For a / st ol F oorscof€ c€rtified prodLrcts go to www scsced rf/ed.com/ecoprod uc ts/indoorairq ualiiy/iloorscore. The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRl) is a trade oryanization repres€nting tne carpet and rug industry Green Label Plus is an ind€pendent testing program that id€nilties carpels with very low VOC emissofs. The Green Labe Testrng program a so addresses carpet cush on materia s. The estab shed limits on VOCS for carDets and cuslriofs are summaf zed n Table l. CRI Greei Labe PlusandGreer Label Emission Limits for Carpets and Cafp€t Cush ons on page 273 of the LEED Reierence Gurde for Green Aui ding opefations & Maintenance
rug.com
2009.
199
Green Seal GS-
11 Environmental Requircments lof Paints,
eifectlve [4ay 1993
BayAreaArQuality lllanagement Disirict (BAAQI4D) Regulat on
8,organic Compounds, Rule 51, Adhesrve and Sealant Products, effective July 2002
Grcen Seal is an independent nonprofit organizalion that promotes the manufacture and sale of environmentally responsible consumer
This Calilorn a regulatory agency d€velops and enforces arr pollution g0v feg! ations ln ts s€ven-colnty lurisd ctron. Tab e 3, EAAQNID 8, Rule 51, Sea art and Sealant Pf rner VOC L n is on page 271 of the LEED Reference Guide for Green Bul ding operat ons & l\/la nt€nance 2009 s!mrnarizes Regu at on 8, Rule 51, Adhes ve and Sea ant ProdLrcis. An electronic copy of this standard can be found onl ne at wwwbaaqmd. gov/dsyregulationVrgO85 l.pdf . The National Electrical ManufactureE Association (NElVlA) has a voluntary commilment program available for use by all manufactufers that se or rnake ava ab e for sa e in the Uiiied States self ba lasted cornpact f uoresceni amps (CFLs). This agfeement was developed as a r€su t of NE[4As discuss]ons with the U S. Env ronmenta Protection Agency, U.S. Deparim€nt of Erergy, and Natufal Resoufces Defense Counci . l\4anufacturers can volLrnieer io abide by the requriements of this pfogram. Under the voluntary commltment, particrpatrng manufacturers will cap the total mercury conlent in CFL5 at less than 25 watts at 5 milligrams (mg) per unil. CFLS that use 25 to 40 watts of electricity will have iotal mercury content capped at 6 mg per unit. Some rnanufactufers hav€ made €ven furiher reduct ors, dfopping r'rerc!ry content to 1.4-2.5 nri igrams pef larnp. The standard LL 8 2008 L rn ts on MercLry Contert n Sell-Eallasted Compact Fluor€sc€nt Lamps was publshed on J! y 1,2008 andcov€rslrnled iniegral, self'ballasted compact f loresceni lamps of al base types. The stand:rd can be down oaded at wwwnema.o€lstds/LL8.cim. A llst of companies that have made this commitment can be found at www
Fairtmde LabellinS
Fairtnde is a product certification system overseen by Fairtmde Labe li'rg Ofgai zat ors (FLO) International for products that meet c€rta n environmenlal, labor and development standards. The system invo ves ndependent aud ting of producers to ensure that the standards are rnet. Becalse the a m of FLo Internaiiona s to lmprove the posii on of disadvantaged producers n developing countf es, Fairtrade cedified producis are primarily agr cultura cornmoditles and include bananas. cocoa, coffee, cotton, flow€ls, honel iuices, nuts, fice and sugar. Food Alliance certilicalion appli€s to foods cenifi€d by either of lwo third-party certilicat on programs admin stercd by Food A liance. The Farm and Ranch Ceriii caiion distingu shes iarmers ard rancherc who provide safe and fa r working cond tions and healthy and humane tr€atment of an mals, do not admin ster hormones or antibiotics, ra se crops without genet ca ly modified organisrns, reduce pest cide usage, preserve and proteci natu.al habliai, and comm t to continuols imDrovement of sustainable oractices. The Food Handler Certification distinguishes facililies that pack, process and distribute Fmd Alliancecertified producls; reduce loxin usei ensure quality control and
200
USGBC
Stldv
Gu d€
otg
products. This websit€ contains product recommendations fo. generalpurpose cleaning so !t ons. Th€ Green Seal standard was developed for parnts, nclud ng antlcorros ve paints and wh te pa nts without colorants. VOC limits afe sumrnarized n Tab e 2, Gre€n Sea GS 1l VOC Limits on page 274 of the LEED Reiefence GLride for Green Build ng operat ons & Maintenance 2009. Restr cted chem ca components are availab e on the Green Seal website- An elecironic version of the relerenced standard can be lound at ww.greenseal.olg/ certilication/standardypaints and coatings.pdl.
NEMA voluntary Commitment on Mercury in Compact Fluofescert Lights, Nat ona Electrical N4anufacture|s Association (NEMA)
0Eanizations riernational cedification
VYEBSIlE
REFERENCE DESCRIPTIOI{
REFEREI{CE TITI.E
fof LEED AP 0Deral ons + Ma nienance
REFEREI{CE TITI.E
REFTREXCE OESCRIPTIOI{
WEBSITE
food safety; responsibly manage water, ene.gy resources and wastei emphasize recyc ng; prov de a safe work env ronment; and commit to or
Marine Stewafdship Counc (MSC) Blue EcoLabel
'irJoL) Tp o/e-r-r ol sL(la rdole
DraLtrce!
The IVISC Blue Eco-Labe dentrf es seafood that comes from a susta nable source and satisfies the requ rements of ihe MSC standards. The [4SC slandards are based on the Unit€d Natrons Food and Agricolture Organization s Code ol Conduci for Responsible Fisheries. Crileria for sustainable fishing include sustainabte harvest ofthe target stock, acceptable fish€ry impact on the ecoslstem, effectiveness ot the fishery management system (including all relevant biologlcal, technological, economic, social, env rootrrerLar ano cornmercra aspects), and comp ance w th felevant ocal and national laws and standards and internat ona undefstand ngs and agr€ements. Protected Harvest ceriificat on is a third-party cedif cai or ach eved by larrn€rs who earn a min murn nurnber of Oo nts n each of the ioliowrng nine sustainable larming managemeni categories: ireld monitoring or scouhng, information sources, pesl management d€cisions, lield management decisions. weed management, insect management. drsease management, soil and water quality and storage managernent. Growers rnust stay below a c€rtaln number of "toxicity Lnits per acre, and each packer or handlef of the crop must undefgo ar add tiona cha n-of costody aud t thai fo ows the crop ffom fie d io feiar , iicluding storage, packing, pal et load ng and transportat on. Standards vary for dlfferent growing condit ors ihrolghout the Un ted Staies ard the wor d ard m€thods of measLrfement vary across biorcgions. Protected Harvesi cunently ce ifies polatoes and is in the process oJ developing a certification program lor dairy, almonds, tomatoes, plums, peaches, nectarines and other fresh produce.
harvest.org
Rainforest Alliance cedlfication identifies agriculture that complies
wih strict guidelines proiect ng the environment, wi/dlife, workers ard ocal commun ti€s. Cearificat on is awarded to farms ilrat orotect wi dlife by p ant ng trees, contro ing efosion, m ting agrochemica s protect ng nat ve v€geiatron, hrr ng oca work€rs and paying farr wages. Ra niorest All ance has certif ed farms that produce avocados, bananas, cilrus, cocoa, colfee, mangos, pineapples, tea, vanrlla and
U.S. Department of Agriculture OGanic
Standards Inslituie {ANSIYASHRAE
Standard 62-1-2007:
Acceptable idoor Air Qla ity (Vent lat on Raie Pfocedure), Amer can Soc eiy of Heatirg, Refrlgerat ng and Aif Conditioning Engineers
USDA Organic certification applies to products that meet the requirements of the National Org:nic Program adm'nistered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. To obtain ihis ced ficatron a producer or hand er mlst comp y with federal standards fof food production, pfocessirg, del very and retail sa e. [4ore than 55 domestic and 40 fore gn USDA-approved agencies now aLrd t and ceriify organrc
8ov/NOP
This slandad specilres minimum v€ntilation rates and indoor air quality {lAO lev€ls so as to reduce the polenlial tor adverse healih eflects. The standard specafies that ventilation ststems be designed to prevent uptake ol contaminants, minimize the groMh and dissemination of microorganisms, and ii necessary, fl ter particu ates. The standard out nes a ventilation rate procedure and an IAQ procedure for cornpliance. The vent lat on rate procedur€ prescf bes olidoor air qua ty leve s acceptab e for vertilationi treatrnent measures ior contamirated oLrtdoor a rr and vent lat on rates for resrdertia , canrmefcia , inst tut onal, veh cu ar and industr al spaces.
(ASHRAE)
20r
REFTREI{CE OESCRIPTION
REFEREI{CE TITTE
tvEBSITE
The lA0 proc€dure is a perfomanc€ bas€d design approach in which the building and ils ventilation system mainlain concentrations ol specific contaminanls at or below previously determined limits to ndoof a r q!ality acceptable to buildirg occupants andl achieve or v sitors. For th€ purposes of th s proc€dure, acceptab e percelved indoor air qua itv exc Lrdes d ssaiisfaction re ated to therma cornTort, noise and vibrat on, light ng and psychological stressors. The AQ orocedure aLso ncludes cr ter a for the fo owing situations: r€duclng outdoor air quantitles when recifculated air rs treated by coniaminant removal equipment and ventilating when a space! air volume is used
ai
as 2 resFrvoir
lo dilute conlaminanl\.
The IAQ procedufe ncorporates quantlairve and subjectrve eva ualtons ard restricts contarn nant concentrai ons to acceptable lev€ls, ASHRAE updated the standard n 2007 to nc ude requrrernents for buildings that a ow srnoking in des gnated areas to separate spaces with env ronmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from those without ETS. The standard now also clarifies how designers must analyze mechanical cooling systems lo limit indoor r€lative humidity that could cause dampness relat€d at quality problems sLrch as mold and microbial graMh. Proj€ct teams wlshing to us€ addenda approved by ASHRAE for the porposes of th s cf€d t rnay do so at theif d scret on. Addenda must be aoDlied cons stentlv across all LEED cred ts. Standard Test N'lethod
for DeterrninLng A r Prcssurization ASTI\,1 Slandard E 779 03 Calilornia Residential Alternat ve Ca c!lation Chapt€r 7, Home Erergy Rating N4anua ,
Slstem (HERS) Required verification
This test method covers a stardardized techn que for rneasunng air leakage rates thfough a b! Ld ng €nvelope under controlled prcssurization and depressurization. lt produces a measurem€nt ot the airtightness of a building envelope.
This document establ shes req! rements ior ce fy ng the energy eff ciency of res d€nt al build ngs In accofdarce with ihe Ca ifornia Home Energy Rating System Program (cal fornia code of R€gulatrons, Ttle 20, Chapter 4, Art c e 8, Sections I670-1675). Chapter 7 spec fies procedures for sequentially designat ng samp e residential units io. verificatron.
and Diagnostic T€sting, California Energy Comm ssion
Build ng Educatior Model(l-BEAt4), U.S. Environmenbl Protection
202
LJSGBC Studv Gu de
This program pfovides conrpfehens ve guidance for bui ding proiess onals and others respons b e for ndoor air quality In comrnerc al bu ld ngs. l-BEAM !pdaies and expands ihe EPA'S Bu ldrng Alr Q!ality gu de (available at www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/ baqtoc.html). l'8EAM contains texi, animation, visuai, interactrve, and calculation components tor assistance in diverse tasks.
lor LEED AP ODeratDns + Ma nt€dance
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REF€REI{CE TITI.E
Standards lnst iute (ANSIYASHRAE
Standard 52.2 i999, IVethod of Testing Genera Veni lai on A Cleaning Dev ces tor
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This standard presenis melhods for testing air c eaners for two performance characier|stics: ihe abilty to fernove pari cles from the aif strearn and fesistance to a rf ow Consult the standard for a cornpleie €xplanaiion of [4ERV calculations. Tabl€ 3 of the standard sumrnarizes the requirernenis fof NIERV 13.
Removal Elficiency by Palticle Size; American Society of Heating,
Refrgeratingand Alr Cond tion ng Engineers (ASHRAE) SN4ACNA ndoor A
I
Quality GLridelires for Occup €d B! dings under Construction, November 2007, Chapt€r
3 Standards lnsi tut€ (ANSI'ASHRAE
Staidard 55-2004, ThernralComfod Conditions for H!man Occupancy, Arnerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air. Conditioning Engrneers
The Sheei Metaland Air Cond tioning Contfaciors Nat onal Assoc at an (Sl',4ACNA) is an intefnat onal organ zai or ihat dev€loped g!idel nes ior ma ntaining h€alihful indoor arf qual iy during demolitions, renovations and conslruction. The lull documenl covers air pollutant sources, conirol measures. IAQ process management, qualily control
orc
and documenlation, communication with occupants, sample proiects, tables, references, resourcesand checklists, According io ASHRAE, "Th s standard specifies the comb nat ofs oi indoor space env rorr.ent ard p€rsona factors ihai will produce therrna env ronrnental cond tions acceptable to 80% or more of the occupants w th n a sDace, The €nv ronrn€nta faciors addressed are iernperaiure, therma rad at oi, hurn dity aid air speed; the persona factoG ar€ those oJ activity and clothing."
(ASHRAE) ASTN' D1OO3.O7E1 Stardard Test Method lor Ha2e and Lum nous
Th s test rnethod covers the €va uat on of spec fic I ght tfansmitt ng and wide ang e I Slrt scatterirg prop€ties ol p anar sect ons of mater als such as essentia y tfansparent p astic,
Standards Institute (ANSI)
Custodial Staff ng
Educai ona Fac ties
The Association of PhVs ca Plant Adm nistratofs (APPAs) Custodial Staifing Gu de nes, ntroduced n 1992, have fiv€ eve s ol c eanl ness and use visua nspections to eva uate clean ng performance The v sua nspections or audlts, resu t in an overa I b! dngceanltness score. Leve 1, the h ghest leve of cl€an ness is call€d "orderly spotl€ssress" and was developed for corpofate suites. The iac litys floors and base moldings shine and are brighl and clean with no buildup; vedical and horizontalsurlaces have a lresh appearance and no dust, did, marks, streaks, smudges or fingerprints; restrooms and tiles gleam and are odor free; and trash containers are empty, clean and odof free, Level 2, "ord narv tidiiess, has restrooms and tfash conta ners that are ma niained as at Leve 1 bLrt floors and base rno drngs may have up to two days'worth of dirt, dust, stains or streaks; v€rtical ard horizontal s!rfaces are c ean, bLrt marks, dusi, srnLdges and finSefpfinis are notic€ab e o'r close inspection Leve/
3, "cas!al inatt€nt on," isihelow€st acceptable l€ve of cl€an
rness,
rcflecting slightly lower o(pectalions: floors are swepi clean. but dusi,
203
REFEREI{CE
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dirt and stains can be seen upon close inspectionr walking lanes eih bit dull spots and/or matted carpet; streaks and splashes are presert on base moldirgsr and vertical and hof zontal surfac€s have obvrous dLst, diir, marks, smudges and fingerpr nts. The Custodia Staifing Guidelines inc ude evaluat on criter a for detemining ihe faci ity's level of clean Iness, and an appendix includes audit forms. The second edition of the guidelines is available for p rchase online at www.appa.orgl/bookstorc.
California Code oi RegLrlations Maximum
A
owable VOC Levels
A table of maximum amounb of VOCS allowable according to the Calitornia Code oi Regulations standards for volatile organic compounds (by weight pefcent) can b€ found on n€ at wwwafb.ca.gov/
consprod/regvcp.pdf. Env ronmenial Choice Certified Products
Tlre EcoLogorM program certifles env ronmerta y preierab e green goods and seru ces with the Environmenta Choice labe . The program compares prodlcts and serv ces with others in ihe same cat€gory, develops rigorous and scientifically relevant criteria, and awards the EcoLogo to those that are envircnmentally preferable throughout their life cycles. The EcoBuyer Green Products and Seryic€ Database (wwwecologo.ofg/en/cerl it iedgreenprod ucts) lisls cert ified prod uct categofies, nclud ng all numbercd prodlci cateSories listed in this cred t, as we as links to a ist of al 7,500 EcoLogo-certil ed products.
Green Seal Certif ed
Gre€n S€al certifled products or serv ces af€ tested according to science based DrocedLrres to eva uate Dedormance and ens!re that the product or service works as w€ll as or better than others n its
class. In developing envircnmentalstandards and cedifying products, Gre€n Seal follows the guiding principles and procedures lor Type I environmental labeling adopted by the Intefnational organization for Standardization (lSO 14024). Products can be tound online at w{w. greenseal.orglf indaproducl/index.cf m. The EPA Comprehensive Procur€ment Guldel nes
Th€ website rnc udes an index to find and eva uaie inlormat o'r about green producis, nc ud ng plastic trash bags, hard toweLs, torlet tissue
LEED Accredited
Individuals who slrccessfully complete the LEED Professional accreditation o{am are LEED APs- Accreditation certifies that the individual has the knowledge and skills necessary to participate in the LEED application and certification process; holds a fnm understandinB of green building practices and principlesi and is familiar with LEED requirements, resources and processes. The Grcen Building Ced fication lrstitute, established w ih the suppori oi USGBC, hand es exam developmert and de very to €nsur€ the obleciive and balanced management of the credentia ing progfam.
Building Certif ication lnstitute
204
USGBC Studv Guide
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