A T R I M B L E C O M PA N Y
January 2013 Vol. 24, Number 1 gpsworld.com
» coVer storY
Spectrum Interference Standards
Seeking a Win-Win Rebound from Lose-Lose based upon lessons learned from the lightsquared situation, the author identifies important considerations for GPs spectrum interference standards, recommended by the PNt eXcom for future commercial proposals in bands adjacent to the rNss band to avoid interference to GNss. By Christopher J. Hegarty Bow highrise in Calgary; photos courtesy Rocky Annett, MMM Group Ltd.
OPiniOnS & dePartmentS
Out in Front Let the Chips Fall
SPecial 24-PaGe inSert
6
2013 Receiver Survey
Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition
Sponsored
5
No. of ports
<45s <15s <15s
4 <1s
2 RS-232,
exPert advice
8
High-Level Perspective on PNT Frontiers By James D. Litton
the only authoritative industry resource for GPs chipset, module, and receiver manufacturing furnishes detailed design and performance specifications for more than 500 receivers from 55 companies.
1 Bluetooth Bluetooth,
nr <3s
3x RS-232,
2 3 3
3
<1s <34s <34s <34s
na <1s <1s <1s
<33s
na na na na
<32s
na na na
<1s
<33s <32s 36s
UART, SPI,
2 <1s
UART, SPI,
1, 1, 1, 1
36s
Serial, A/D,
<1s 2, 1, 1, 1
36s <1s
(PCMCIA),
1,200–115,200 Serial
2
<
2
4
abbreviat Serial
ions
1,200–115,200
bps
10mW
–30 to +70 –30 to +70
Single die
GPS L1/L2
carrierphase
and data
collection.
WR
RTK,VRS, Precision modem opt. post-procecssin WR g, Precision GIS, GSM RTK,VRS, Precision modem opt. post-procecssin WR g, Precision GIS, GSM RTK,VRS, Precision modem opt. post-procecssin WR. Fully g, Precision wireless GIS, GSM operation capable. easy-to-upgrad e/modify FPGA design
Internal Int
(E (E)
1.5
External al ext
tracker
(E) (E
(E)
1.5 to 2 L1/L2 GNSS
tracker
Single die engine SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + SOC: Apps GPS Processor + GPU + SOC: Apps GPS Processor + GPU + video + GPS SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + video + GPS SOC: Apps Processor + GPS SOC: Apps Processor + GPS SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + GPS GNSS engine
1.5 L1/L2 GNSS
System.;
Single die single die
L1/L2 GNSS L1/L2 GNSS ., LiIonP.
speci¿cations
RFIC module
1.5 int., ext, xt,
ext.
ext.
Based on L1/L2 GNSS
internal al battery
(E)
as above Active, 27
External al External al External al
to FAA/RTCA
GPS/AGPS
3.2
-40 to +85 -40 to +85 –40 to +85
apps: 1,200–115,200 applicat bps 1 BT ARINC: ions –40 to +85 Aerona utical57600 Radio, standar Inc. –20 1async: Ethernet, d 1 RS-232 to +50 asynchr onous bps: 1 Ethernet, 10/100 Base-T, bits per 1 RS-232 19200 second 0 to +50 CP: carrier 1 Ethernet, phase10/100 Base-T, 19200 CEP:1 RS-232 0 to +50 circular 1 Ethernet, error10/100 diff: Base-T, 19200 1 RS-232 probabl differen 0 to +50 e tial 10/100 ext.: externa Base-T, 19200 m, l / int. = RS-232, min: 0 to +50 CMOS internal na or NA: minutes not nr: no applicable -40 to +85 respons opt.: e optiona l par.: parallel prog.: program ppm: mable parts per RMS: million root mean square s: seconds SBAS: Satellite -Based Augme ntation typ.: System typical VRS: Virtual WP: waterprreference station oof WR: water resistan t
designed
GPS+GLONAS S+SBAS Z-BLADE Technology Dual-board RTK+Heading inside.
Precise heading, pitch, roll, Uses SBAS and 3D position signals for sub-meter Sub-meter differential GPS+Beacon+ positioning SBAS receiver GNSS-centric Technology engine. GLONASS-only inside. capable. Z-BLADE satellites
Two dies solution. GPS/AGPS + electronic baseband compass and RF front GPS/AGPS end baseband system IP for integration with host-processor GPS/AGPS baseband system IP for integration with host-processor Single die GPS RF front-end
L1/L2 (E) ., LiIonP.
& TERRASTAR
Single-chip, single-die baseband and RF tuner Single chip, FM (RX/TX) single die, GPS + GLONASS + Bluetooth Single chip, + and RF tunersingle die, GPS + GLONASS baseband Highly intergrated ARM11 Baseband + RF + LNA Apps Processor + VFPU with support Single chip, + GPS of DDR2 and RF tunersingle die, GPS + GLONASS baseband Single die GPS/AGPS baseband and RF front end Module
1.5-3.66 V na 13mW Core: 1.2V, na 3.3V, Audio I/O: 300mW @ 700MHz 3V 1.5-3.66 V na 13mW Single 1.8v na supply 20mW average Single 1.8v na supply 20mW average Single 1.8v na supply 20mW average na na na na na na Single 1.8v na supply 30mW max int LiPo/ext o/ext 9-30V 5W na active, external Ext ex 0.008 Ext E 0.008 Ext ~ 0.7 to 0.9 Ext E ~ 0.7 to 0.9 Ext E ~ 0.7 to 1.5 E Ext E ~ 0.7 to 1.5 Ext E ~ 0.55 to Ext 0.9 ~ 0.55 to Ext E 0.9 ~ 0.55 to E 1.5 Ext E 0.008 Ext E 0.008 int., ext., E xt., LiIonP. 2.2
ext. bps
bps
na na
C
int., ext, xt,
option
2
2
1
2 2
2 min
Reacqu isition time is loss of based signal on the for at least one minute. E = provisio R = antenna n for an externa l antenna is remova ble
1,200–115,200 USB, Bluetooth
<1s <40s
Where three values <36 s <1s refer to appear, autonom <<34s they differen ous<33s (code), <1s tial (code), real-tim differen and post-pro e tial; 5 min they refer where cessed 2 min four < 1 min autonom values appear, real-tim to5 min ous (code), 2 min e differen time kinema tial (code), < 1 min 5 min tic, and 2 min realdifferen post-pro < 1 min tial. 5 min cessed
1 min Cold start: <40s epheme initial position <38s ris, almana <3sc, and time and not known. For a warm start, a recent www.gp sworld.chas almana the receiver and initial om c, current time, epheme position, but ris no current
-40 to +85 -40 to +85 -40 to +85 -40 to +85 -40 to +85 -20 to +70 -20 to +70 -40 to +85 -40 to +85 -40 to +85
bps
bps
USB
1,1 <36s
2
user selectable user selectable user selectable user selectable
user selectable user selectable user selectable user selectable user selectable
USB, Bluetooth 1,200–115,200
PC Card
<1s
3
I2C
I2C
USB, Bluetooth
1,200–115,200 Serial, A/D,
1,1 36s
1.2V - 5.5V
GNSS receiver GNSS receiver
For LEO
–40 to +85
-40 to +85
user selectable
2 <1s
<40s
TBD 13mW
and RTK and RTK
Smart munitions
–40 to +85
na –40 to +85 “-20 to +70°C”
user selectable
Geodetic Geodetic
Inertial system integration Satellite launchers, missiles A/C PODS Artilery GPS Àight computer 10-MHz in, 2x1PPs out GPS for artilery GPS for artilery A/J GNSS for high dynamics SW based GPS receiver
–40 to +85 na
8 Mbps 12-26 Msps 19200-115200 I2C
Galileo, SBAS
patch (E) patch (E) patch (E) patch (E) patch (E) 4X patch (E (E) patch (E) nr nr 4X patch (E) na
-30 to +85
2 Mbps 2 Mbps 2 Mbps 2 Mbps
Serial RS-232 UART, SPI,
UART, SPI, I2C na na na
For aviation;
GNSS, G GLONASS,
3.3 1.5-3.66 V
-30 to +85 -40 to +85
UART: 4M
SPI SPI APB APB
<40s
4
UART: 4M UART: 4M
SPI 1 1 1
<40s
ment and applicat A ions: = aviation C = recreati D onal = defense G = survey/ H GIS = handhe L ld = land M = marine Met = meteoro N logy = navigat O ion = other P = other position R = reportin real-tim S g e DGPS = space ref. T = timing V = vehicle/ 1 vessel = tracking end-use 2 r = board/c product hipset/m OEM apps odule for 5
GPIO, HS UART (x4), MMC (x3), SPI, I2C, PCM, I2S SDIO/ UART, I2C
2 1
TBD –30 to +85 -30 to +85
1 1 2
<34s <35s <35s <35s
Up to 1/32 of reference clock UART: 4M
I2S
(ER)
Patch w with ground plane (ER) Microstrip Microstr GPS/beacon Microstri Microstrip GPS/beacon W
5.5 3.75 3.75 6 4.5 14 4.5 1 3 14 na
2013
or Comments
Dual or Triple Frequency Heading, & TERRASTAR Geodetic and RTK, GNSS L-band receiver Compact Dual-Frequenc connectors for handheld y RTK OEM Board.; inside. integration.; 2 antenna BLADE Technology GPS+GLONAS S+SBAS Z-BLADE Technology Dual-Frequenc y OEM Board.; inside.
Ext. active E antenna (L1, L2) GPS/ G GLONASS Patch, active Pat
Ext. aactive antenna (L1, L2) GPS/ GLON GLONASS
6 1.2 1.3 2.4 W - 6.5
ext/int ext ext ext/int ext/int ext ext ext ext/int ext na
(1 or 2)
Ext. active patch/antenna. antenna ;2 connectors
3
5W with one GNSS antenna
external al external al external al external al
–25 to +60 –40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +71 –40 to +71 –40 to +71 –40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +71 na
na
SPI,I2C,PCM,
2 2 na na na
<40s
User environ
–20 to +55 –30 to +70 –30 to +60 -22° to +140°F
UART, I2C
<1s na <1s
<1s <1s <1s <1s
<40s
notes
UART, SDIO,
2 96
external al
RS-232 up 921.6 kbits/sec; USB 2.0 up to 12 -22° to +149°F Mbps; 300–115,200 300–115,200 300–115,200
9600–38,400 9,600–38,400 9,600–38,400 300–19,200 300–38,400 9,600–115,200 115200 9,600–115,200 9,600–115,200 9,600–115,200 na
Serial/Parallel I2C, SPI, UART
Description
Dual Frequency Triple Frequency
< 0.8W in GPS L1; < 0.95W in GPS GPS+GLONASL1/L2 or S L1 1.9W (GPS only),; 2.4W (GPS+GLONAS S)
–30 to +70
Ethernet
USB 2.0,
RS-422, RS-232 RS-422, RS-232 RS-232, RS-422 RS-232, RS-422 RS-422, RS-232 RS-422, RS-232 TTL TTL RS-422, RS-232 na
2 3
<1s <34s <34s <34s <34s
external al external al
Dual Frequency L-Band receiver Geodetic and RTK GNSS
11 W EXTERNAL
external al
2-3 RS-232,
RS-422
33s na <20s <34s
1
Bluetooth,
RS-232 RS-232 RS-232
3-4
4 1,1 1,1 1, 1 1, 1 1,1 1,1 2 2 1,1 na
<1s
33s na <45s <35s <35s <35s <35s <35s
USB 2.0,
3s
<35s
V DC)
300–115,200
35s
Survey
type 6
INT/EXT INT/EXT
7W INT/EXT
EXT (9-30 9-30
db
< 10W < 7W < 7W < 7W
ext <1W
L1 (ER) GPS Time
L1 (ER) L1 (ER) L1 (ER) external, external,
GPS Time NTP and
act active
NTP and
& Frequency
& Frequency
PTP/IEEE-1588
PTP/IEEE-1588
active acti SAASM
January
2013 | GPS World
39
67
A Civilian GPS Position Authentication System
locata lands Air Force contract; raytheon uK GPs Anti-Jam; Navman Wireless Professional Fleet tracking; u-blox medical Alert system; leica Viva Gs14; events; there’s an App for GPS World; and more
An Evolving SAASM Receiver Story
USB 2.0
RS-230 6
90s 90s
Antenna
7W 7W
INT/EXT (9-18 V DC) -20 to +65
1 RS232 up sec (RxD, to 921.6 kbits/ –40 to +85 TxD, RTS signals) CTS and RS-232 up 921.6 kbits/sec; LV-TTL up -40° to +185°F to 5 Mbits/sec; USB 2.0 up to 12 Mbps
2 3s
35s 90s Now in 3s 35s its 3s 45s the longes 21st year, the 35s annual t runnin 3s GNSS GPS World g, most equipm <8 min Receiv <50 s ent availa comprehens 2-5 s ive databa er Surve <2min ble in one y provid 20 s With inform se of <2min place. es 2–5 s GPS and 20 s <2min ation provid than 502 2–5 s 20 s <2min ed by 55 <1s 20 s <2min importantreceivers, the manuf <5 s 5s survey <2min equipm <1s assemblesacturers on more alphab 20s <2min ent featur etically. 2–5 s 13 s data <2min es. Footno additio 3s 6s <2min tes and Manufacturers on the most nal inform 3s 5s Abbre are listed2ms ation to <1s 2ms guide you viations below 2ms We have 2ms supply throug 2ms h the survey30s 2ms of receiv made every effort 30s . er inform 1s 30s respon ation, but to present an 30s sible for 1s 30s compa the accura GPS World accurate listing 30s nies cannot 1s some cases,or the perfor cy of inform be held30s 30s data had mance of any ation supplied 30s 1s the space by the 30s to equipm ent 1s questions available. Contabe abbreviated 33s or trunca listed. In 33s ct the Survey, about specif <1s ted to33s ic units. manufacture e-mail 33s gpswo To be listed rs directl 33s fit <1s rld@gpswor y with ld.com in the 201433sReceiv 33s <1s . 33s er
INT/EXT (9-18 V DC) INT/EXT (9-18 V DC)
-20 to +65 1,200-115,200
USB 2.0
INNOVATION
Getting at the Truth
29
RS-232,
LV-TTL, LV-TTL,
Power consump consumption (Watts)
-20 to +65 -20 to +65
1 TNC 11,200-115,200 200-115 200
RS-232,
35s
18
the buSineSS
1,200-115,200 1,200-115,200
2 RS-232 RS-232,
3 RS-232, 1 Ethernet, Bluetooth, 1 USB, 2 TNC 1 RS-232, 4
45s
Operating temperature (degrees grees Celsius) ature Power source
1 TNC
1 TNC
4
8
3 3s
6
Galileo IoV-3 broadcasts e1, e5, e6 signals; russian sbAs luch-5b in orbital slot; eGNos and Galileo in emergency call, road tolling; compass IcD rumored
1 Bluetooth,
1 Bluetooth,
<1s
<1s
3s 35s
| receiver
Baud rate
2 RS-232, 4
<15s
<15s
35s 45s
nr
by
Port type p
<1s
<45s
<45s
<45s
45s
By Alan Cameron
the SyStem
35
74
It’s not difficult to generate false position reports and mislead a monitoring center into believing a receiver is located elsewhere — unless an authentication procedure is used. A clever system uses the concept of supplicant and authenticator to assess the truthfulness of position reports. By Zhefeng Li and Demoz Gebre-Egziabher
Excerpt from Profession OEM Newsletter by Tony Murfin
www.gpsworld.com
January 2013 | GPS World
3
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out in front
Let the Chips Fall
W
e either continue to totter at the brink of a global financial precipice, or we sit crumpled on the canyon floor far below, peering skyward, wondering what might have been, and resolving to pick up what pieces we can and carry on. It is impossible to tell as this magazine goes to press in December just where we may find ourselves, and in what shape, come the early days of January 2013. Those elected parties with responsibility for the state of our fiscal affairs, who in the best of all possible worlds would possess some sort of vision for the future, continue to posture, prevaricate, pander, and
The GNSS industry has pulled through the last half-decade of worldwide recession as well as most, better than many. Now we face new uncertainty. generally excuse themselves from worrying about what may happen to the rest of us. After all, they will still be in office and drawing good salaries come the New Year, come what may. The GNSS industry has pulled through the last half-decade of worldwide recession as well as most, better than many. There have been some casualties along the way, and almost universal belt-tightening. But we keep moving onward and upward, blessed with a technology that continues to find new and profitbearing applications, and encouraged by researchers further out in front of us, who discover and develop yet newer possibilities at an astonishing rate. Now we face new uncertainty. The 6
GPS World | January 2013
domino-paths of the global economy wend this way and that, curving, intertwining, doubling back, snaking everywhere. A toppled piece here can lead to a cascaded pile-up way over on the other side of the board, and vice versa. It all comes down to end-user ability to buy, to upgrade, to invest in the future — as opposed to holding tight to whatever can be preserved in the present. If characterizing GNSS end-users could be done by naming off surveyors, farmers, fishermen, and other outdoor enthusiasts, then determining the economic outlook for this industry would be easier to do, though the picture might not necessarily be any more optimistic. But the GNSS enduser community has swelled almost immeasurably to include the automotive industry, the telecommunications industry (in both its infrastructure and its own end-user equipment), utilities, airlines and the aircraft industry, militaries around the world, and even governments themselves — municipal, state, and national. Every one of these entities has a budget and acutely feels the chills — and in more delayed fashion, the warmings — of national and global economies. Should the United States Congress, in full possession of all its political wisdom, drive the country over the fiscal precipice, reverberations of the crash in the chasm below will propagate far and wide — and into the very marrow of our bones. We have overcome before. With science and technology as our co-pilots (or are they our engines?), we shall overcome again. We may and should speak out, attempting to influence the political process, but we cannot control its outcomes. We can do our own jobs, and we will. Accept change, keep calm, carry on.
www.gpsworld.com editorial Editor-in-Chief and Publisher Alan Cameron | editor@gpsworld.com Managing Editor Tracy Cozzens | tcozzens@northcoastmedia.net Art Director Charles Park | cpark@northcoastmedia.net EDITORIAL OFFICES 1360 East 9th St, Suite 1070 IMG Center Cleveland, OH 44114, USA 847-763-4942 | Fax 847-763-9694 www.gpsworld.com | gpsworld@gpsworld.com ContributinG editorS Innovation Richard Langley | lang@unb.ca Defense PNT Don Jewell | djewell@gpsworld.com LBS Insider Kevin Dennehy | kdennehy@gpsworld.com Professional OEM Tony Murfin | tmurfin@gpsworld.com Survey/GIS Eric Gakstatter | egakstatter@gpsworld.com Aviation Bill Thompson | bthompson@gpsworld.com Wireless Pulse Janice Partyka | jpartyka@gpsworld.com advertiSinG Associate Publisher and International Account Manager Chris Litton | chris.litton@northcoastmedia.net | 323-229-6165 Marketing Manager Ryan Bockmuller | rbockmuller@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3772 PubliShinG ServiCeS Manager, Production Services Chris Anderson | canderson@northcoastmedia.net Sr. Audience Development Manager Antoinette Sanchez-Perkins | asanchez-perkins@northcoastmedia.net PRODUCTION OFFICE 1360 East 9th St, Suite 1070 IMG Center Cleveland, OH 44114 216-978-9778 CIRCULATION/SUBSCRIBER SERvICES gpsworld@halldata.com | USA: 847-763-4942 north CoaSt Media, llC. President & CEO Kevin Stoltman | kstoltman@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3740 vice President of Finance & Operations Steve Galperin | sgalperin@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3705 vP Graphic Design & Production Pete Seltzer | pseltzer@northcoastmedia.net | 216-706-3737
ManuSCriPtS: GPS World welcomes unsolicited articles but cannot be held responsible for their safekeeping or return. Send to: 1360 East 9th St, Suite 1070, IMG Center, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA. Every precaution is taken to ensure accuracy, but publishers cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy of information supplied herein or for any opinion expressed. rePrintS: Reprints of all articles are available (500 minimum). Contact 877-652-5295, Nick Iademarco. Wright’s Media, 2407 Timberloch Place, The Woodlands, TX 77380. SubSCriber ServiCeS: To subscribe, change your address, and all other services, e-mail gpsworld@halldata.com or call 847-763-4942. PerMiSSionS: Contact 877-652-5295, Nick Iademarco. Wright’s Media, 2407 Timberloch Place, The Woodlands, TX 77380. international liCenSinG: Contact e-mail info@gpsworld. com. aCCountinG offiCe and offiCe of PubliCation: 1360 East 9th St, Suite 1070, IMG Center, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA. GPS WORLD does not verify any claims or other information appearing in any of the advertisements contained in the publication and cannot take any responsibility for any losses or other damages incurred by readers in reliance on such content.
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expert advice
High-Level Perspective on PNT Frontiers New Technology, New Applications, New Science from the Stanford Symposium James D. Litton
T
he sixth annual Stanford PNT Symposium in November brought together a select group of experts to share insights from the latest research, developments, and proposals, GNSS and non-GNSS, that show promise for the international community. Among other noteworthy presentations, we heard Brad Parkinson’s suggested incremental system changes to significantly improve signal availability and accuracy, a comprehensive update on China’s Compass system, and the latest in spoofing and proposed proofs of location.
Affordability with a given level of performance is enhanced by availability: maintaining 30+ satellites on orbit brings multiple benefits that improve affordability. GNSS in General The budget realities of U.S. GNSS development, and the need to maintain the systems at the high levels of performance upon which so many critical and commercially beneficial applications now depend, were analyzed by two men with industry-household names, Brad Parkinson and Gaylord Green. Nibbles. Professor Parkinson gave a very sophisticated, nuanced presentation entitled “Nibbles,” in which he outlined feasible and productive technical steps to ensure the preservation of what he described as “the three As:” availability, affordability, and accuracy. Rather than do radical surgery on accuracy or availability in order to preserve affordability, he identified so-called nibbles at requirements, incremental improvements enabled by use of current technology advances, for example, vector (Spilker) receivers, power-conversion efficiency improvements, 8
GPS World | January 2013
antenna gain and steering modifications, weight reduction for multiple launch capability, and use of sensor fusion for more robust receivers with greater jam resistance. It was a high-level but quantitative system design approach aimed at improving affordability and interference resistance while maintaining and improving availability and accuracy. He made the salient point that affordability with a given level of performance is enhanced by availability, that is, maintaining 30+ satellites on orbit brings multiple benefits that improve affordability. The estimates of gain from the nibbles struck me as conservative, at least for those with which I had some quantitative feel. Alternative Architectures. Col. Gaylord Green addressed the same subject with a different approach, in a presentation entitled “GPS Alternative Architectures.” His motivation for alternative architectures was to provide the needed PNT capability at an affordable cost. He pointed out that GPS satellites have increased in dry weight from 334 to 2,100 pounds, and that the cost of the IIA, IIF, and III satellites have gone from $100 million on orbit to $400 million on orbit. Colonel Green indicated that starting a new development with the same signals cost more than continuing with GPSIII. (The Congressional Budget Office has recommended consideration of using IIF satellites to maintain the constellation and bypassing GPS III.) The reduced capability satellites are called NavSats. He suggested that a mixed constellation of NavSats (with minimal ancillary payloads and frequencies) such as 15 GPSIII and 15 NavSats would enable a constellation of 30 satellites; the minimum necessary to assure sky-challenged users of satisfactory coverage. He recommended that design of satellite power conversion to be set by start-oflife, not end-of-life goals. Colonel Green identified the signal priorities in terms of their functions (L-5, L-2, L1C, and four military signals requiring crypto). Like Parkinson, he identified technology changes in antennas and signal architecture to reduce costs, necessitating a demonstration program. He also indicated that advantage could be taken of other GNSS constellations for civil signal purposes, alleviating the demands on GPS satellites. Colonel Green identified satellite constellation arrangements which would be more cost effective (multiple launch) and provide adequate coverage. He pointed out that such a NavSat program would require a new start and would necessarily constrain GPS modernization funding. In short, such a “GPS Alternative Architecture approach” would combine www.gpsworld.com
www.trimble.com
expert advice
continuation of GPS III as planned with the addition of simpler, lighter satellites with reduced diversity of signals to replace the aging GPS satellites now on orbit beyond their design life. Compass. Professor Jingnan Liu of the GNSS Research Center of Wuhan University gave what most observers thought was the first comprehensive and data-intensive description of Precise Positioning results with the COMPASS (Beidou) system. He showed that the Beidou regional system, from which he presented copious data, can currently provide standard positioning service with <10M horizontal and <20M vertical accuracies at 95% confidence level. He also showed that results with Beidou plus GPS are 10-20% better than GPS alone. He provided results for surveying, for ground-based augmentation, for RTK, PPP, clock stability, orbital statistics, wide area differential and many other metrics of PNT. Professor Parkinson noted, in appreciating the presentation, that it was the first detailed release of so much technical data on COMPASS performance. The results noted above were obtained with 4GEO+5 IGSO+2MEO satellites. The constellation is expected to grow to 5GEO+5IGSO+4MEOs by the end of 2012 and to 5GEOs+3IGSOs+27 MEOs by 2020 for a global service. The amount of data and the diversity (application and instrumentation) of the data were truly impressive. GPS Modernization. Dr. Keoki Jackson of Lockheed Martin presented a comprehensive review of GPS Modernization with charts which described the evolution of GPS from Block I to Block III. He depicted the program as on schedule for delivery of the first GPS III vehicle in May, 2014, with a 2015 launch. Most of this material was the same as reported from the AFCEA GC-12 program in GPS World earlier this year. A matrix comparing the attributes of GPS III with GPSII and beneficial outcomes from “Backto-Basics Investments” were key takeaways. Ground Control. Ray Kolibaba of Raytheon presented a detailed overview of the OCX program, the next generation Operational Control System. This presentation also emphasized improvements in program management, simplification of development practices, extensive use of commercial development methods and predicted on-time delivery with all of the attributes needed for both GPS III and the existing constellation. Military User Equipment. Col Bernie Gruber, Director of the GPS Directorate, gave an update on current activities with emphasis on progress in Military User Equipment (MGUE) development. This material was somewhat further advanced in schedule than the equivalent May 2012 time frame in which the same subject was presented in much detail at the AFCEA GC-12 meeting at the Directorate. The currently ‘hot’ topics of jamming and spoofing threats, countermeasures and affordability were prominent in the 10
GPS World | January 2013
Stanford PNT Symposium Stanford University professors Brad Parkinson, Jim Spilker, Per Enge, Leo Hollberg, Mark Kasevich, Sherman Lo, and Tom Langenstein, among others, conduct an annual PNT Symposium, organized by Tom Langenstein. The presentations given by the invited speakers are generally very good indeed and are selected to communicate new technology, new applications, and new science. The subjects range from breakthroughs in scientific understanding of phenomena revealed by (or for) GNSS (and other sensor systems) to strategic political and economic issues in GNSS — internationally and nationally — in defense and civil sectors, in universities, on farms, and in oil fields. The by-invitation-only audience consists of people whose expertise approximates that of the speakers in their own corners of the field. This article summarizes the principal messages, not in order of presentation nor in detail, but grouped by general subject matter. Those presentations given short paragraphs here are more generally available and have been presented in other, larger-scale venues. No inference should be drawn about merit; all were very worthwhile and I learned much from each. — JDL
presentation. Some of the key achievements for 2012 listed were the release of BAAs (Broad Agency Announcements) for NavSat studies and the completion of a Congressional Report on ‘Cost Effective GPS). Launch of GPS IIF-3 and delivery of GPS IIF-4, 5,6 & 7 were also noted. Security Certification for MUE cards was a very noteworthy achievement, which will make future MGUE development and utilization much easier for the challenging jamming and spoofing environment which is expected. The themes of affordability and jamming and spoofing threats were dominant in this review, as well.
General PNT Norvald Kjerstad is a professor of Nautical Science at Aalesund University College and a long-time professional navigator in academic, geophysical, and shipping communities. His paper vividly depicted the risks brought about by climate change, by increased commercial interest in shipping and mineral resource exploration in the Arctic region, and by the very limited navigation infrastructure and limited communications assets. Arctic Navigation. Both DGPS and SBAS systems are quite limited in the arctic, magnetic compass systems are www.gpsworld.com
expert advice
less accurateat the very high latitudes ( and their errors propagate into navigation radar, collision avoidance and other systems). Auroral effects limit the availability of GNSS at times (Glonass improves GPS because of the higher orbital inclinations) and hydrographic charts of the arctic are frequently quite wrong, due to changes in water depth and to limited surveying frequency. Increased tourism, shipping and resource interest intensify the consequences of the increased risk to seafarers. The advent of Galileo and Compass, integrated with GPSGlonass will greatly improve the reliability of GNSS signals. However, navigation through the ice, at places thin and navigable and at random places deep and massive (ice ridges) is much more than knowing where one is with respect to the center of the earth. Radar helps with detection and avoidance of ice ridges but the sinking and grounding of icebreakers and commercial vessels demonstrate that much better knowledge of the environment is needed to avoid future disasters. The thousandkilometer shorter route over the Pole can be very expensive and not necessarily the fastest one. However the increased activity in
hydrographic services of the affected areas. From Farm to Front Office. Jim Geringer, former governor of Wyoming, now a director of ESRI and a member of the GPS Excom gave, as usual, a very entertaining presentation (“GPS/GNSS From the Farm to the Front Office”) with highly interesting examples of the very broad and deep impact of GNSS on society, including financial statistics and object lessons in the misuse or inaccurate use of geospatial data. Geringer was an engineer before he went into politics and that came through clearly in the presentations, even though he was very self-effacing concerning his technical credentials. He gave amusing examples, not all from Apple, of the effects of combining current and historical geospatial data, such as airport runways shown in topography layers obtained before leveling the airport areas, and a road running across the valley filled by Hoover Dam. Geringer critiqued an attitude on the part of GNSS professionals in which their attention is more devoted to the how of obtaining the information than to the effects that future changes might have on the users. He discussed policy challenges
Geringer critiqued an attitude on the part of GNSS professionals in which their attention is more devoted to the how of obtaining the information than to the effects that future changes might have on the users.
the Arctic is going to continue, and it is mandatory that safety factors be given greater attention by the International Maritime Organization (satellite compasses are reliable where magnetic ones are not, but the IMO has not approved them) and by the 12
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presented by the FCC mandate to find 500MHz of spectrum for high speed wireless data, by affordability, by the potential for jamming and spoofing. It was good to be reminded of the awesome realized economic benefits of GNSS, the manifold applications
which GNSS systems enable and the ease with which this potential can be limited or actually damaged by pursuit of other worthwhile objectives which are politically favored or which bring short term revenue into the treasury at the expense of GNSS system requirements in bandwidth. The less obvious but equally or more beneficial economic benefits of high accuracy GNSS and the impact of actual lives lost or resources untappedwere illustratedand quantified in Geringer’s broad presentation. One hopes that this presentation will be or has been seen at High GSA and policy levels in the FCC and NTIA. Geringer’s presentation provides a nice segue into a presentation by: LightSquared Lessons Learned. Rich Lee of Greenwood Telecommunications Consultants, LLC and iPosi. Entitled Lessons Learned from the GPS-LightSquared Proceeding, it was an assessment of the opportunities missed and damage done in the drive to enable the use of spectrum adjacent to GNSS frequencies for 4G LTE wholesale services through high power Auxiliary Terrestrial Components (ATCs) using MSS spectrum reallocated (or repurposed) to the purpose under a conditional waiver by the Chairman of the FCC, Julius Genachowski, on a recommendation by the International Bureau of the FCC. According to Lee, Greenwood was called in to solve, “if solutions exist” the problem of the ‘spectrum collision’ between the LSQ design and GPS, after the collision occurred. He likened the role of Greenwood to that of a tow truck operator called in to clear up a collision after the impacts. Lee served on the TWG (Temporary Working Group) as head of the cellular subgroup and headed the NTIA/ Excom cellular tests. The presentation was very good, technically, in both its detailed and more strategic aspects but both the history described and www.gpsworld.com
presents
marketinsights webinar » JaNuary WebiNar
All About GNSS Interferences How to Defend, Monitor, and Report Speaker: Javad ashjaee President and CEO, JAVAD GNSS
Interference-free example
Moderately interfered example (5 dB)
Thursday, January 31 10 a.m. Pacific time / 1 p.m. U.S. Eastern time / 6 p.m. Greenwich Mean Time register today — Free! at www.gpsworld.com/webinar Heavily interfered example (18 dB)
“ Highway patrols monitor highways and catch those who violate speed limits. There is no serious monitoring of GNSS bands. GNSS bands are routinely intentionally or un-intentionally violated. This webinar focuses on GNSS interference awareness and how to defend, monitor, and report such interferences.”
expert advice
the lessons learned (see below) were, understandably, from the perspective of a party which was unable, in this particular instance, to achieve the goals desired by their sponsors. This failure was for reasons of basic spectrum policy conflicts between GNSS applications and those mooted to become transcendent- mobile high speed data for consumer and industrial applications. Lee depicted the lack of a requirement in history for regulation of receiver standards, as opposed to transmitter standards, to the inability to anticipate the crowded spectrum (for example, his statement that spectrum was regarded as “free” and minimizing interference was the key objective, a burden placed on the transmitters). Now that spectrum is seen as scarce and underutilized in many U.S. government applications and inadequately conserved in many civil applications, the concept of receiver standards for avoiding interference and the use of advanced filterand antenna technology in receivers as well as in transmitterswould enable easier, less confrontational and more lucrative use of this 21st century El Dorado. Parenthetically, Pierre de Vries (University of Colorado, and a member of the FCC’s Technical Advisory Committee) and others recently testified to a House of Representatives panel, recommending that harm claim thresholds be established with which to manage the trade-offs between intrinsic receiver protection requirements and transmitter power distribution, so that instead of just adding the specification requirement to receivers, a flexible system approach be adopted. They noted that it was very difficult to anticipate the receiver design needs for all applications. The failure to understand the requirements of precision GNSS receivers and the simplistic concept of fences was a large driver in the collision between LightSquared and GNSS. 14
GPS World | January 2013
Now that spectrum is seen as scarce and underutilized in many U.S. government applications and inadequately conserved in many civil applications, the concept of receiver standards for avoiding interference and the use of advanced filterand antenna technology in receivers as well as in transmitterswould enable easier, less confrontational and more lucrative use of this 21st century El Dorado. Lee’s lessons learned summary is: ◾ Upper 10: candidate for ground
augmentation? The upper 10 MHz (1545-1555 MHz) of spectrum was originally allocated to LightSquared through its acquisition of TerraSat. During the 2012 conflict months, LightSquared publicly abandoned operating in the Upper 10. ◾ Question: sound alternatives for this band? (Including as a good GNSS guard band) ◾ Consider: sub-microwatt uses for short range augmentation, such as Department of Transportation Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)-TWG findings. Given very low effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP), ample compatibility with precision GPS nearby. ◾ Precision GPS: –82 dBm worst case Upper 10 susceptibility (–1 dB C/ NO) ◾ 1 uW EIRP transmitter is about 13 dB below at 1 meter ◾ Seems suitable for high availability in urban areas; provides urban in-fill, redundancy such as ITS ◾ At 100-mETER range: Signals ~-135 dBm incident power at an ITS receiver antenna ◾ Band continues as a space-to-earth downlink, shared with geostationary Earth orbit-mobile satellite services, including carriage of GPS/GNSS corrections (OmniSTAR, StarFire) Lee contested the FCC chairman’s assertion that the LightSquared-GPS
matter was an anomaly, saying instead that it was “foreseeable.” However, foreseeable anomalies such as singularities exist in predictions of scientists. I believe that this anomaly was clearly foreseeable, but a hedgefund mentality, financial engineering, and a long-held attitude toward GPS in the FCC were the drivers of these benighted decisions. The gold rush is still on for finding underutilized spectrum. Some systems, including GNSS, utilize bandwidth that needs protection for purposes other than the usual communications requirements. It is vital to honor the homesteads of GNSS and protect the noise floors. Receiver standards must be considered very carefully because communications receivers and high precision GNSS receivers are very different systems.
Scientific Subjects Some presentations grouped under this topic are available in ION publications from GNSS 2012. Atom Interferometry. Mark Kasevich of Stanford presented his paper on precision navigation sensors based upon atom interferometry. While application of these sensors in general awaits many highly difficult engineering advancements, the outcome would be a great boon to navigation, were the outcome comparable to the evolution of chipscale atomic clocks. www.gpsworld.com
Munich, February 26 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 28, 2013
Source: photocase.de/Creator:MauMyHaTa
here naviga ion mee he worl
info@munich-satellite-navigation-summit.org www.munich-satellite-navigation-summit.org
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Andrei Shkel reprised his paper entitled “Precision Navigation, Timing, and Targeting enabled by Microtechnology: Are we there yet?” Gravity. Tom Murphy of the University of California, San Diego, gave a fascinating paper of fundamental importance to understanding gravity by laser ranging to retroreflectors left on the moon by various Apollo and Russian missions. A highly contrived initialism for the project is APOLLO, for Apache Point Laser Observatory
To have much better precision through placing laser transceivers on the moon to increase the number of reflected/ transponder photons in the samples would appear to be quite valuable and relatively simple NASA missions for future work, even though the data may eventually be sufficient to enable theoretical advancements without such added signal-to-noise benefit. This paper was an example of excellent engineering in the service of important science.
Scott identified the massive security threat represented by millions of smart phone and tablet users who can store millions of bytes of information, such as maps of sensitive locations. Lunar Laser-Ranging Operation. The work is a product of a seven-university/ research center consortium. The system of APOLLO for measuring the range of the moon relative to the earth at Apache Point is a marvel of experimental ingenuity and advanced instrumentation in collecting the few photons that get back from the laser shots at the moon. Laser light is caught by the retroreflectors and returned to the telescope at Apache Point. A very sensitive gravimeter system at the observatory enables compensation for the Earth’s crustal motions, and orbital deviations are compensated. Precisions of a few millimeters in range to these devices on the moon are achieved, almost good enough to be useful in testing the “Strong” Equivalence Principle of General Relativity. From an engineering point of view, the timing, motion compensation, detection sensitivity (a few photons per shot), and several other features of the system are truly impressive, and the potential for improving our understanding of general relativity, so-called dark matter or energy, and more, are exciting aspects of this work. 16
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Vulnerabilities and Limitations Charles Schue of UrsaNav gave a very detailed and comprehensive paper on wide-area timing, navigation, and data using low-frequency technology. He provided data for timing, location, and data transmission over distances greater than 125 nautical Mmiles. eLoran. He made the point and showed examples to demonstrate that the technology for these systems exists today, is highly affordable, and can represent a major strengthening of the nation’s critical infrastructure. The systems and hardware he presented are very attractive and seemingly very mature. Schue was preaching to the choir, as far as I can tell; there is, in the PNT community, no controversy about the need for eLoran. Further, there is a sense of disappointment and wonder that so little money was saved at the expense of great risk to our critical PNT infrastructure, particularly in view of the vulnerability to jamming and spoofing of GPS and the other GNSS systems for civil use; a vulnerability analysis which informed the balance (two) of the papers in this summary report.
Spoofing. Dennis Akos presented data on spoofing tests conducted at Lulea, Sweden, near a low-density commercial airport with limited road traffic and a restricted Swedish Air Force weapons test area, and in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, near a very busy airport with dense roadway traffic. The incidence of radio-frequency interference (RFI) in the latter case was great and in the former case negligible, until the team introduced their jamming and spoofing equipment.In both cases, a simple automatic gain control (AGC) monitoring design, which was computationally efficient, was able to detect and measure the RFI from the jammer-spoofer. Using all commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware, the jammer was identified and located with time-ofarrival and power-difference-of-arrival. The researchers showed that using a controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) like the Stanford four-element CRPA and all-COTS equipment, jammers could be indentified and located efficiently through AGC processing. A large amount of detailed data were presented with screen shots and plots of the effects of the jamming on the receivers. Proof of Location. Logan Scott of LS Consulting gave a paper on proof of location. He projected the need for location proof in several applications, ranging from system control and data acquisition intrusions that would affect industrial control systems to bogus Mayday calls, the response to which is very expensive, and he provided many examples of data security applications. He also provided several schemes, ranging from cryptographic GPS RF signal structures to the use of overlapping systems, like Galileo and GPS, to enable verification of location. Scott identified the massive security threat represented by millions of smart phone and tablet users who can store millions of bytes of information, such as maps of sensitive locations. An authorized user of such a map, GNSSwww.gpsworld.com
expert advice
enabled, on a tablet or smart phone, should be able to access the restricted information if the user is in the right location. However, a user, authorized or not, outside of the restricted area would find that area of the map blank if he tries to access it externally, a kind of location need-to-know control. Scott anticipates the use of temporary keys for weapons usage; such keys would require that the user be in a location authorized for such use. He provides block diagram descriptions of systems that would be feasible to achieve these location proofs for high-value and dangerous operations. These block-diagram level descriptions are accompanied by quantitative assessments of the difficulties and benefits of such system modifications. It was a compelling tour de force on the subject. We do not have time or space to cover it well but the material
has gradually been built up from earlier available publications by Scott at ION conferences and in GNSS journals and magazines. Both the need for such systems and the means by which they may be practically achieved are well worth studying by those responsible for policy and programmatic decisions, and by technologists seeking new product ideas and applications.
TV graphics, umpiring, and race management. Honey reflected upon how competitive sailing, unlike other professional sports, has fully adopted the use of advanced PNT technology in how the sport is umpired and managed. Jason Wither of Microsoft presented a paper on spatialized data for mixed reality, which was very informative in how various types and layers of data are combined to create mixed-reality systems. Ron Fugelseth of Oxygen productions showed his very entertaining video entitled “A Toy Train in Space.” The video was posted on YouTube a few months ago and immediately went viral. It is a fine example of the use of GPS technology.
And More A few interesting presentations do not fit into the above categories. Stan Honey, founder of the company Sportvision (the creator of the firstdown yellow-line overlay in televised American football, and many other broadcast enhancements for sporting events) and considered sailing’s master navigator, gave a wonderful dinner talk about the PNT technology being utilized in the America’s Cup
James D. Litton heads the Litton Consulting Group and previously played key executive roles at NavCom Technology and Magnavox.
THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION
2013 International Technical Meeting Catamaran Resort Hotel • San Diego, California January 28-30, 2013 Plenary Session
Exploring the Frontiers of Navigation Unique & Exciting New Uses of Navigation Technologies
Partial list of session topics: • Alternative Sensors and Emerging Navigation Technologies
• GNSS Processing and Integration
• Space Applications and Remote Sensing
• Interference and Spectrum Management
• Space and Atmospheric Weather
• Marine Applications
• Terrestrial Applications
• Aviation Applications
• MEMS, Atomic Clock and Micro PNT
• QZSS
• Emerging GNSS and Modernization
• Receivers and Antenna Technology
• Augmentation Systems (SBAS, GBAS, etc.) • Autonomous Navigation
• Urban and Indoor Applications
www.ion.org/itm www.gpsworld.com
January 2013 | GPS World
17
SySteM
the
GPS | Galileo | GLONASS | Compass
galileo iOV-3 Broadcasts e1, e5, e6 Signals Oliver Montenbruck, German Space Operations Center and Richard B. Langley, University of New Brunswick
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fter reaching its final position, the Galileo IOV-3 satellite started transmitting its first ranging signals on December 1. Within three days, the various carriers (E1, E5, E6) and associated modulations were activated, and full in-orbit testing is now in progress. Anyone with commonly available GNSS receivers can presently access the open signals in the E1, E5a, and E5b frequency bands as well as the wide-band E5 AltBOC signal. According to statements made at the recent 6th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technologies (Navitec 2012) in Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the IOV-3 satellite, which is also identified as Flight Model 3 (FM3) and E19 after its pseudorandom noise code, will continue to use binary offset carrier modulation — specifically BOC(1,1) — on the E1 Open Service signals for the time being. In contrast to this, the first pair of IOV satellites has already started to use composite binary offset carrier modulation, which offers better multipath suppression in the received signal. Right after its activation, IOV-3 could be tracked immediately by the global network of stations participating in the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX; http://www.igs.org/ mgex) initiated by the International GNSS Service (IGS). The high quality of the IOV-3 signals is illustrated by measurements collected by the Tanegashima station during a 10-hour pass of the satellite over Japan (see Figure 1). The E5 AltBOC pseudorange measurements in
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Figure 1 Pseudorange errors of IOV-3 tracking at Tanegashima, Japan, using the E1 BOC(1,1) signal (top) and the E5 AltBOC signal (center). The elevation angle over time is shown in the bottom panel.
particular exhibit an exceptionally low noise and multipath level of better than 10 centimeters at midand high-elevation angles. An attractive feature of the Galileo system is the availability of multiple signal frequencies, which opens up numerous prospects for precise positioning and scientific investigations.
Carrier-Phase Measurements While the E6 signals foreseen
for a future Commercial Service are not presently supported by geodetic receivers due to the lack of information on the transmitted codes and possible licensing issues, users can already benefit from the E5a and E5b signals in addition to E1. By way of example, the ionospherefree and geometry-free linear combination can be formed from carrier-phase measurements on these frequencies. Results of some Continued on page 27 www.gpsworld.com
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View your target point on the TRIUMPH-VS screen and walk towards it to stake it.
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Figure 2 The difference between the ionosphere-free carrier-phase combinations formed from E1/E5a and E1/E5b signals received at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2 (Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore).
Galileo E1, E5, E6 Continued from page 18 first tests using this combination for IOV-3 are shown in Figure 2, based on measurements made at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2
(Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore). The results provide an indication of carrier-phase noise and multipath effects but are free of long-term variations that have earlier been found in GPS L1/L2/L5 signal combinations. It is anticipated that similar measurement quality will be
obtained with the E1 and E5 signals of IOV-4, which were activated on December 12 and 13. This level of performance highlights the potential benefit of Galileo signals in advanced triplefrequency techniques such as undifferenced ambiguity resolution and ionospheric monitoring.
russian SBAS Luch-5B in Orbital Slot
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Figure 3 Geostationary position of Luch-5B, carrying a transponder for the Russian System for Differential Correction and Monitoring.
The second Russian satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) satellite, Luch-5B, has now been positioned at its designated orbital slot of 16 degrees west longitude. The satellite had been in a drift orbit since its launch on November 2 at 21:04:00 UTC along with the domestic communications satellite Yamal-300K. NORAD/JSpOC tracking data showed Luch-5B arriving at its geostationary position by about December 13. Figure 3 shows the www.gpsworld.com
footprint of the satellite with the elevation-angle contours at 30-degree intervals. Luch-5B, the second of a set of three geostationary satellites being launched to reactivate Roscosmos’s Luch Multifunctional Space Relay System, is expected to use PRN code 125. The Luch system will relay communications and telemetry between low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft, such as the the Russian segment
of International Space Station, and Russian ground facilities. The system’s satellites also carry transponders for the System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM), Russia’s SBAS. The transponders will broadcast GNSS corrections on the standard GPS L1 frequency. Luch-5A, launched in December 2011, resides in an orbital slot at 95 degrees east longitude. It began transmitting corrections on July 12, 2012 using PRN code 140. January 2013 | GPS World
27
THE SYSTEM
EGNOS and Galileo in Emergency Call, Road Tolling The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) World Congress in Vienna this fall drew attention to the multi-constellation advantages provided by Galileo during a session on eCall, the European initiative for safer mobility. “Galileo will provide accuracy and reliability in all the transport markets, but in the case of emergency rapid assistance, the positioning need is even more critical,” said Fiammetta Diani, market development officer at the European GNSS Agency (GSA). A multiconstellation approach for eCall and similar initiatives will deliver better performance without additional costs. Yaroslav Domaratsky from NIS-GLONASS, the Russian national navigation services provider, confirmed that ERA-GLONASS, the Russian version of eCall, will benefit from multiconstellation. “Solutions including also Galileo are welcome in the Russian initiative.” Satellite ITS applications in road transport cover much more than in-car navigation. They include roaduser charging with satellite-based toll collection systems; in-vehicle dynamic route guidance for drivers; intelligent speed adaptation to control the speed of vehicles externally; traveller information systems; and fleet-tracking systems for better management of freight movements and goods delivery.
Road Tolling European road-toll operators outlined how they plan to emply the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo to provide new tolling solutions. Luigi Giacalone, managing director of Autostrade Tech, which provides the technology for the French Ecomouv project, said EGNOS will contribute to reliably collect taxes on the heavy trucks using the road charging scheme. “This is a tax, not a toll. It aims to collect a new tax reliably and fairly according 28
GPS World | January 2013
to distance travelled, while dissuading fraud,” he said. “Thanks to GNSS multiconstellation, only 10 locations out of the 15,000-kilometer network need support beacons.” Ecomouv, which Includes anti-jamming and anti-spoofing mechanisms, covers 600,000 French lorries and 200,000 foreign ones, and will run from July 2013 for 11.5 years. Giacalone said its performance target was 99.75 percent accuracy of the entire collection chain, and its trials had already 99.8 percent accuracy. Miroslav Bobošík from SkyToll, which operates Slovakia’s electronic tolling operations, explained how the system was able to cover not only 570 kilometers of motorways, but also 1,800 kilometers of first class roads in the country. “We needed a flexible system to cover different roads in different circumstances. And also to be fair to drivers, so they pay only for what they use,” said Bobošík. “We cover all services, not just toll collection, but enforcement, and technological maintenance and repair.” GNSS tolling means flexibility as well as feasibility for SkyToll: since its launch in mid-2010, many changes have been made to the operation of the network, but thanks to the technology, they were easy to make. And they were cheap, he said. “While it is difficult to compare costs with other country, SkyToll has the lowest cost per kilometer to operate,” he said. “GNSS is the best possible solution for electronic tolling system in Slovakia, and GNSS is the most suitable for ITS.”
Changing the Game Volker Vierroth from T-Systems, the German IT services subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom, explained GNSS’s game-changing role: the availability of a huge variety of additional data linked to actual positions; more computing power, notably mobile and cloudbased; fast and reliable networks
available now with broad coverage, most recently with the shift from 3G to 4G; and smartphones, powerful and versatile, surging to the fore. “GNSS [in the form of EGNOS] has proved to be a reliable technology for large-scale road charging on complex networks,” he said. “Galileo will bring further improvements, and may become the cornerstone of future road applications.”
Compass ICD Rumored As this magazine goes to press, unconfirmed reports from Shanghai state that the Compass Interface Control Document (ICD) will be released on Decembe 27. Such rumors surfaced in late 2010 and again in late 2011. An October, 2011 GPS World newsletter reported “The longawaited signal ICD for China’s growing GNSS will appear this month, according to representatives of the system who spoke in a “Compass: Progress, Status, and Future Outlook” workshop in September [2011]. “The ICD has been rumored to be available previously to receiver manufacturers within China, creating some disgruntlement among companies outside the country. A workshop panelist affirmed that GPS/Compass chips and receivers are being actively developed by many Chinese manufacturers and research institutes.” www.gpsworld.com
BUSINESS
thE
Industry news and developments | GPS | Galileo | GLONASS
▲
GooGle earth depiction of the USAF LocataNet test bed deployed at the White Sands Missile Range.
Locata Tests Lead to Air Force Contract The U.S. Air Force (USAF) signed a solesource, multi-year, multi-million dollar contract with Locata Corporation to install a ground-based LocataNet positioning system at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. The USAF will field Locata’s technology for reference-truth positioning across a large area of White Sands when GPS is being completely jammed. In a recent USAF technical report, the need for a new non-GPS based positioning capability was described by the 746th Test Squadron as the key component for “the realization of the new ‘gold standard truth system’ for the increasingly demanding test and evaluation of future navigation systems for the U.S. Department of Defense.” The Air Force has now contracted with Locata to provide this capability for the USAF’s future truth www.gpsworld.com
reference, the Ultra High-Accuracy Reference System (UHARS). The report documented extensive testing of a LocataNet covering 1,350 square miles (3,500 square kilometers) deployed at White Sands. The USAF and the 746th Test Squadron proved a LocataNet can accurately position USAF aircraft over a large area when GPS is denied. Locata delivered accurate independent positioning as good as, or better than, the USAF’s current CIGTF Reference System (CRS). The Locata non-GPS based positioning capability is core to the UHARS that will replace the CRS in 2014. After aircraft testing, the USAF concluded that the Locata system had not only met the demanding contractual tracking and positioning requirements, but actually exceeded them on many points. Some of the
milestones documented by the USAF included: ◾ LocataNet position accuracy of 2.5 inches (6 centimeters) horizontally and 6 inches (15 cm) vertically for aircraft flying at a distance of 30 miles (50km) at up to 350 mph (550 km/hr) at 25,000 feet, without GPS. ◾ Throughout the period of the testing, the entire White Sands network achieved nanosecondaccurate synchronization within several minutes of the LocataNet being activated, and remained synchronized even during severe weather until turned off at the end of each test. ◾ By attaching a simple10 watt amplifier, the USAF proved that Locata signals could be acquired and tracked by aircraft at distances Continued on page 30 January 2013 | GPS World
29
the business
» defenSe
Raytheon UK Wins Contract for GPS Anti-Jam System Raytheon UK has been awarded a contract by the UK Ministry of Defence for delivery of a new GPS anti-jam antenna land system. The contract is for an undisclosed number of advanced systems for deployment in operational theaters spanning multiple vehicle platforms. This UOR
(Urgent Operational Requirement) contract is the first award for Raytheon’s GPS Anti-Jam (AJ) Land product family. Raytheon UK has delivered more than 7,000 units for air and naval capabilities in the UK and U.S., according to Bob Delorge, chief executive, Raytheon UK.
The contract will see the deployment of the systems under a very short timescale, with final delivery of the capability expected to be completed six months from contract award. Raytheon UK is a subsidiary of Raytheon Company.
» fleet trackinG
Navman Wireless Debuts Professional Services for Fleet Tracking
30
Navman Wireless is offering two professional services packages to expedite, optimize and provide problem resolution for 100-plusvehicle implementations of its OnlineAVL2 fleet management platform. The new services are designed to reduce rollout and configuration time by up to 80 percent, produce a 50 percent faster return on investment, and help corporate and construction fleet managers derive maximum value from the system by doubling the number of features used. Both the Standard and Turnkey professional services bundles entitle customers to a dedicated project and account team, including a field services
engineer serving as a single point of contact and project manager, plus the use of a dedicated phone line staffed with support specialists assigned exclusively to handle larger accounts. The Standard package includes installation support, basic OnlineAVL2 configuration, a training website and weekly group training webinars, priority issue escalation, and a yearly account review to evaluate the customer’s use of the system and identify opportunities to realize greater benefits from the deployment. The Turnkey package includes all Standard features plus 80 hours of project management time for on-site project planning and user training
as well as weekly update calls and advanced OnlineAVL2 configuration for features such as geofences, maintenance module setup, report scheduling, and email and text alerts. This premium package also includes ongoing best practice guidance, regular on-site business reviews, API-based integration into backend systems, and guaranteed 45-day implementation with appropriate advanced notice and asset availability. Optional add-on services include custom training and documentation, installation and training at additional depots or terminals, and project management for complex implementations.
Locata
◾ The USAF required Locata to
Continued from page 29 of up to 60 miles (100 km). Longer distances could be enabled by attaching higher-powered amplifiers. ◾ The Locata system functioned under dynamic aircraft operating maneuvers, including banking, angular and linear accelerations, airspeeds up to 300 knots (560 km/ hr), and altitudes up to 30,000 feet above sea level.
design, prototype, and deliver aircraft-certified antennas for use on both the Locata groundbased transmitters and the USAF aircraft. Locata worked with Cooper Antennas Ltd. of Marlow in Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, to produce an aircraft-certified version of Locata’s quadrifilar helix antenna design. Under the new contract, Locata will provide the USAF with Locata
receivers and LocataLite transmitters to blanket 2,500 square miles (6,500 sq km) of the White Sands Range. Locata will also deliver extended hardware warranty, along with ongoing Locata software and firmware upgrades, to the year 2025; and provide long-term consultation and expert technical advice to ensure optimal operational performance of the USAF’s fielded LocataNet systems.
GPS World | January 2013
www.gpsworld.com
the business
» ProfESSIoNAl oEM
» SurvEy
NovAtel WAAS Receiver
Leica Viva GS14
NovAtel is completing final qualifications for its next-generation Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS) G-III reference receiver, which is the measurement engine for the FAA’s modernized WAAS network, and will be commercially available in 2013. The WAAS G-III receiver provides standard integrity monitoring and reference measurements for the legacy GPS L1 C/A, L2 P(Y) as well as the modernized L5, L1C, and L2C signals. The receiver is ideally suited for a commercial-offthe-shelf (COTS) measurement engine at the front end of a dual-frequency satellite based augmentation system (SBAS). The G-III receiver platform is designed to support multiconstellation SBAS evolution programs, and can support Galileo, Compass, and GLONASS signals through software upgrades and/or added circuit cards for increased capacity. This enables rapid evolution of existing ground reference systems to support modernized GPS and added GNSS constellations.
Leica Geosystems has released the Leica Viva GS14 GNSS receiver. It features built-in GSM and a UHF radio, internal memory, and IP68 protection. When combined with the Leica Viva GNSS RTK, the GS14 creates a tightly integrated GNSS system. The Viva GS14 can be used as a lightweight rover and as a base station. It offers a range of GNSS and total-station solutions combining precision with maximum versatility, the company said. Users gain speed and efficiency by reducing the number of setups and control points with the unique SmartStation, and the SmartPole allows instant switching between GNSS and
TPS with a simple icon tap. The system exceeds specifications in industrial standards. The temperature range from -40°C to +65 °C ensures performance even in challenging working environments. With Leica Geosystems’ SmartTrack and SmartCheck technology integrated, the Leica Viva GS14 tracks signals with quality and constantly evaluates and verifies the RTK solution to ensure the most reliable RTK positions. The Leica Viva GS14 also is ready for future satellite signals.
» EvENtS European Navigation Conference Apil 23–15, 2013, Vienna Austria; www.enc2013.org
Munich Navigation Satellite Summit Change of Dates: now June 18–20, Munich, Germany www.munich-satellite-navigation-summit.org An announcement arriving at press time states that the Munich Summit will move from its previous February dates to June 18–20 instead. The Summit features invited high-ranking speakers from industry, science, and governments dealing with the directions of satellite navigation now and in the future. www.gpsworld.com
Sponsored by the Austrian Institute of Navigation, ENC 2013 will focus on present status and future developments in navigation systems, with special emphasis on Galileo. It will be a showcase for state-of-the-art and innovations in terrestrial and satellite navigation. The implementation of new technologies will be illustrated by the industry exhibition, running in parallel to the conference. Status, Development, and Interoperability of GNSS; Certification and Standardization; Receiver and Antenna Technologies; and more.
China Satellite Navigation Conference May 15–17, 2013, Wuhan, China www.beidou.org/english/paper/ “BeiDou Application — Opportunities and Challenges.” Academic exchange, commercial exhibition, technical forum.
9th European Conference on Precision Agriculture July 7–11 , 2013; Lleida, Catalonia, Spain www.infoag.org IGNSS Society 2013 Conference July 16–18, 2013, Queensland, Australia www.ignss.org The call for abstracts closes February 4. January 2013 | GPS World
31
the business
» LOCATION-bASed ServICeS
Mobile Storefronts Distribute 81 Billion Apps Mobile application storefronts had collectively distributed a cumulative total of 81 billion smartphone and tablet apps as of the end of September 2012, according to a recent market study from ABI Research. Of these, 89 percent were downloaded from native storefronts that come with the device’s operating system. “The current status quo is based on storefronts that the operating system
vendors provide as part of the OS experience, and there is no evidence that this would change in the future,”
said ABI Research senior analyst Aapo Markkanen. “A year ago it still looked like that, for example, mobile operators could find a viable business case in the curation of Android apps, but that opportunity evaporated once Google got its storefront act together. Today, it makes sense for operators to distribute apps only under special circumstances, such as the ones that we’re seeing in China.”
» LOCATION-bASed ServICeS
China Industry Report: Growth in Mobile Market A new China Navigation Map Industry Report, 2012-2014, released by Sino Market Insight, predicts that the revenue of Chinese navigation electronic map industry will reach RMB 2.1 billion ($334 million) in 2014. Started in 2002, the navigation industry in China is still in the initial stage of development compared with the international market, the report says. China’s car navigation market,
PND navigation market and mobile phone navigation market are in the stage of rapid development, while the markets of LBS service, real-time traffic information service, and value-added electronic map application services based on mobile communication technology are still in the initial stage of development. From 2006 to 2011, the sales volume of car navigation in China maintained
high-speed growth, with CAGR hitting 47.5 percent. However, the penetration rate of car navigation is still low, so China’s car navigation market still has huge growth potential. Meanwhile, the growth speed of GPS mobile phone market in China is amazing, the report says. The sales volume of GPS mobile phone in China approximated 100 thousand sets in 2006, and skyrocketed to more than 50 million sets in 2011.
» PrOfeSSIONAL Oem
NVS Technologies Selected by Alberding for Sub-Meter GNSS Receiver Alberding GmbH, a developer and distributor of professional GNSS system solutions, will be offering its Alberding A07 personal navigator featuring NVS Technologies AG’s NV08C-CSM high-performance multi-GNSS constellation receiver. The Alberding A07 is a low-cost single-frequency GNSS receiver designed for personal navigation and other sub-meter accuracy positioning applications in an urban environment. The device integrates NVS 32
GPS World | January 2013
Technologies’ NV08C-CSM multiconstellation (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, COMPASS, and SBAS) L1 receiver with GPRS and Bluetooth communication modules, an RFID reader, and a processor. The Alberding A07 comes with an integrated GNSS antenna, but for monitoring and tracking applications, it is also available with an external antenna. Applications include: pedestrian navigation and tracking; navigation for the visually impaired; RFID-based indoor positioning; transportation;
GIS data collection; and displacement monitoring and alarming. The Alberding DGNSS processing algorithm and Kalman filter take raw GNSS observation data to compute a highly accurate position solution in real time. Position information can then be transmitted via Bluetooth to custom-specific applications running on devices such as smartphones. For example, the Alberding A07 can assist blind or visually impaired people with orientation and navigation on the streets. www.gpsworld.com
the business
» conSumer oem
Telit Receiver Based on 3D Embedded Technology Telit Wireless Solutions has introduced the Jupiter SE880 ultra-compact GPS receiver module for applications in the commercial, industrial, and consumer segments including wearable and handheld devices. The miniature 4.7 x 4.7 millimeter land grid array, SiRFstarIV-based receiver module employs 3D component embedding technology to achieve performance in all dimensions critical for regular or size-constrained GPS applications. The SE880 receiver module was conceived to shorten time-to-market and to make the chipset-versus-module decision an easy one to make for device integrators. Integrators can attain a working SE880based design in as little as a week versus several months when starting
from a chipset reference design. The Jupiter SE880 includes all components necessary for a fully functioning receiver design, requiring only a 32-KHz external crystal for its time-base and TCXO to complete the design, along with antenna, power and data connections adequate to the integrator’s needs, the company said. For advanced designs incorporating the supported satellite based augmentation system (SBAS), ephemeris data collected from the satellites can be stored to SPI Flash memory instead of the more common and expensive alternative of the EEPROM — again reducing costs and improving the business case for the end-device.
There’s an App for This Apple iPad owners can now read GPS World on their devices, through a free application that provides an interactive version of the magazine at your touchtip, with access to digital back issues, and an RSS feed of latest industry news. Downloading the app is free and simple. Search “GPS World” in the App Store, or go to http://itunes.com/apps/
GPSWorldHD.
» location-baSed ServiceS
» PerSonal trackinG
Trimble Outdoor Mapping for Fresh-Air Enthusiasts
u-blox Medical Alert
Trimble Outdoors Elite membership program provides access to more than 2,500 topo map bundles that can be stored on smartphones and tablets, and used with other provided tools. The program caters to hikers, backpackers, and off-roaders, with a smartphone app (iPhone, Android) and tablet app (iPad, Android, Kindle Fire) . Membership includes: ◾ offline topographic maps of remote areas, in large swathes, storable on mobile devices, bundled by state, county or park— more than 2,500 areas across the United States These map files are dragged-and-dropped onto a SD memory card or into an iTunes account then transferred to the phone or tablet. www.gpsworld.com
◾ Public Lands: With the U.S.
patchwork of private and public lands, it’s important to know where the boundaries are and whether the land is under private or public ownership. ◾ Weather Maps: Before heading out the door, members can check interactive weather maps to see what clothing/gear to pack or whether to change their itinerary. Zoom in on exact areas for realtime weather overlays, including Doppler radar, satellite images, wind speed, and temperature. ◾ Printed Maps: Search-andrescue experts advise outdoor enthusiasts not to depend solely on electronics in the field. ◾ Trip Planner to draw routes and mark waypoints.
u-blox runs inside MobileHelp, a provider of M-PERS (Mobile-Personal Emergency Response System) technology. Based on u-blox’ LISA 2G/3G wireless modem and MAX GPS modules, the system includes compact, portable alert devices that function in and around the home, and while traveling. Unlike traditional 911 services, MobileHelp devices deliver instant position information as well as personalized medical data to an emergency response center at the touch of a button. The system is integrated with nationwide wireless voice, data and GPS for real-time medical monitoring services, location tracking, and instant voice contact with trained emergency response operators; also offers caregiver tools. January 2013 | GPS World
33
BETTER THAN EVER!! In the biggest market ever.
www.geospatial-solutions.com gives you the edge in a rapidly expanding industry. The resource for GIS â&#x20AC;&#x201D; geographic information systems. The GIS industry rang up $5 billion in 2011, and will grow to $10.6 billion by 2015. Keep up with this growing market. Get ahead of it with expert analysis!
Source: TomTom
Source: USGS
Eric Gakstatter, Survey editor for GPS World, produces www.geospatial-solutions.com, the Geospatial Solutions Weekly enewsletter, frequent webinars, and a Twitter newsfeed with the latest news, analysis, and trends in the expanding geospatial industry: software, services and data.
Apply the power of place at www.geospatial-solutions.com. A P P LY I N G T H E P O W E R OF P L A C E
Now in its 21st year, the annual GPS World Receiver Survey provides the longest running, most comprehensive database of GPS and GNSS equipment available in one place. With information provided by 55 manufacturers on more than 502 receivers, the survey assembles data on the most important equipment features. Manufacturers are listed alphabetically. Footnotes and Abbreviations below supply additional information to guide you through the survey. We have made every effort to present an accurate listing of receiver information, but GPS World cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of information supplied by the companies or the performance of any equipment listed. In some cases, data had to be abbreviated or truncated to fit the space available. Contact the manufacturers directly with questions about specific units. To be listed in the 2014 Receiver Survey, e-mail gpsworld@gpsworld.com.
notes 1
abbreviations
User environment and applications: A C D G H L M Met N O P R S T V 1 2
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
aviation recreational defense survey/GIS handheld land marine meteorology navigation other other position reporting real-time DGPS ref. space timing vehicle/vessel tracking end-user product board/chipset/module for OEM apps
2
Where three values appear, they refer to autonomous (code), real-time differential (code), and post-processed differential; where four values appear, they refer to autonomous (code), real-time differential (code), realtime kinematic, and post-processed differential.
3
Cold start: ephemeris, almanac, and initial position and time not known.
4
For a warm start, the receiver has a recent almanac, current time, and initial position, but no current ephemeris
5
Reacquisition time is based on the loss of signal for at least one minute.
6
E = provision for an external antenna R = antenna is removable
apps: ARINC: async: bps: CP: CEP: diff: ext.: m, min: na or NA: nr: opt.: par.: prog.: ppm: RMS: s: SBAS: typ.: VRS: WP: WR:
applications Aeronautical Radio, Inc. standard asynchronous bits per second carrier phase circular error probable differential external / int. = internal minutes not applicable no response optional parallel programmable parts per million root mean square seconds Satellite-Based Augmentation System typical Virtual reference station waterproof water resistant
ADVERTORIAL
Beyond General Receiver Specifications
T James Hamilton
he in-depth specifications presented in this GNSS receiver survey are critical for making the correct purchase decision, however specifications must always be considered in relation to the demands of your application. Buyers must consider matters of size, weight, accuracy and availability and weigh them in light of other factors such as cost and ease of integration. As well, certain aspects of a GNSS receiver’s functionality may not be directly comparable by considering receiver specifications alone. When choosing your GNSS provider, consider the following to ensure you optimize your GNSS receiver purchase Absolute Accuracy versus Relative Accuracy The receiver survey displays the absolute positioning accuracy of the various receivers, but for some applications this is not the only quality that matters. In traditional GNSS applications such as surveying, absolute position accuracy is critical. Precision farming and machine automation require position output that is also very stable over time. GNSS position accuracy can p vary over time with changes in satellite visibility or when the receiver changes between correction types. b These changes can result in position solution discontinuities. Receivers vary greatly in how they deal with these shifts. When choosing a receiver for your application, enquire about the receiver’s relative position stability to ensure that the receiver will suit your application. NovAtel’s GL1DE® and mode-match algorithms are specially designed to ensure the position from the receiver is as smooth as possible, regardless of the challenges presented by the operating environment. Heading and Orientation Determination GNSS are by their nature position
2
GPS World | January 2013
determination systems. However many applications such as excavating and drilling, aircraft and marine vessel navigation, mobile or airborne mapping require accurate orientation information as well, which single-antenna GNSS systems cannot easily provide. Direction of travel can be used as an approximation of heading, but true vehicle heading, roll and pitch must be derived using an alternate approach. There are multiple ways to work around this limitation of GNSS. Heading can be determined by measuring the 3D offset between two or more GNSS antennas fixed to a vehicle. For environments where the GNSS signal availability is good, these systems can give a very accurate measurement of the heading and pitch of a vehicle. GNSS heading products like NovAtel’s ALIGN® technology can be easily deployed onto a vehicle to provide heading for a range of applications. Inertial sensors (gyroscopes and accelerometers) can also be used along with GNSS to compute a 3D attitude solution (roll, pitch, heading). GNSS/ INS systems have the advantage of computing attitude and also of improving the position reliability of the GNSS receiver. NovAtel’s tightlycoupled SPAN® GNSS/INS technology is available on all our OEM6™ receivers. SPAN offers a range of IMUs to suit many applications requiring highrate, robust positioning and precise attitude. Raw Data for Post-Processing High precision applications usually rely on postmission processing of the GNSS data. GNSS post-processing offers many advantages over real time operation. If a real time solution is not required, the raw GNSS measurement data can be collected in the field and processed postmission to provide a precise position and velocity solution. Post-processing allows for simplified real time system operation without the need for real time telemetry and allows lower cost receiver hardware to be used. There are publicly available reference station data or precise satellite clock and orbit data for precise point positioning (PPP). When choosing a receiver, consider how the data www.gpsworld.com
ADVERTORIAL
processing will fit into your overall workflow. An easy to use and easy to integrate software package can make all the difference. NovAtel’s Waypoint® post-processing packages support GNSS and GNSS/INS processing with a simple, yet extremely flexible user interface. Antenna Selection Choosing the correct GNSS antenna is vital to GNSS system performance. A high performance GNSS antenna provides superior multipath rejection and highly stable phase center, both important to precision operations. Matching the signals and frequencies between your antenna and receiver is critical. If your vendor has an antenna product-line, they can help fit the right antenna to the application. With all spectrums of signals being utilized with modern GNSS, intentional and unintentional interference and jamming is becoming major concern. Anti-jamming antennas such as NovAtel’s GAJT™ mitigate the threat to military operations, timing and networks infrastructures. Ease of Integration Integration factors to be considered before you buy include: • Scalability: A receiver should have a scalable level of performance so that it can evolve as your needs change. In this way by integrating one receiver, a range of different applications can be satisfied with only a change of software.
A receiver should have a scalable level of performance so that it cn evolve as your needs change. • Interface Protocols: The survey identifies the communication options available with the listed receivers. It is also important to make sure the receiver you choose has the interface protocols you need for your application. • Complementary Technology: Some GNSS receivers can be paired easily with other sensor devices to provide position and velocity solutions with higher precision and quicker update rates. These sensors includes: accelerometers, gyroscope, and odometer etc. My interview in the 2011 GPS World GNSS Receiver Survey provided additional information and advice regarding the tradeoffs often required when choosing a receiver. This information can be found on the NovAtel website at novatel.com/assets/Documents/Articles/Excerpt-from2012GPSWorldReceiverSurvey.pdf.
GNSS product information or integration advice can also be obtained by clicking on the “Get Expert Advice” button found throughout novatel.com.
Choosing the right vendor Just as there are technical considerations for choosing the right receiver, there are factors that should influence whom you choose as your GNSS partner. Some questions to consider include: 1. Does your vendor compete with you in your market? A true OEM supplier will support you in winning market share in your market and not show up at your customer with their product.
4. Is your vendor a reliable and recognized manufacturer? As receivers become more complex, only proven manufacturers will succeed in offering high product quality and reliability.
2. Does your vendor have a track record for GNSS innovation and leading-edge technology?
5. Is your vendor a cooperative part of your supply chain? Your vendor should support your needs with quick lead times and flexible order fulfillment. NovAtel’s field-upgradeable products allow customers to keep their inventory costs low and offer product flexibility.
3. Integrating a receiver into your system can be a complex activity. Is your vendor set up to support you with the integration effort? Is the product well documented and designed for integration? Does the company have a support structure of application engineers capable with assisting with integration challenges?
www.gpsworld.com
6. Is your vendor financially stable? The recent recession has been difficult for the GNSS industry. Make sure your vendor is likely to be around to support you with your current product — and to develop innovative, next-generation technology.
January 2013 | GPS World
3
receiver survey 2013 | Sponsored by Manufacturer
Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
Altus Positioning Systems www.altus-ps.com
APS-3
136 par.
APS-3G
136 par.
APS-3L
Ashtech / Boards & Sensors www.ashtech-oem.com
Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2 1.3m/0.5m/1cm+1ppm/2mm+0.5ppm (1-sigma) 1.3m/0.5m/1cm+1ppm/2mm+0.5ppm (1-sigma)
Time (nanosec)
Position Àx update rate (sec)
10
0.04
10
0.04
<1.3 kg
1.3m/0.5m/1cm+1ppm/2mm+0.5ppm (1-sigma)
10
0.04
17.7 x 16.7 x 4.8cm
1.6 kg
1.3m/0.5m/1cm+1ppm/2mm+0.5ppm (1-sigma)
10
0.04
AGLMNOPRV2
2.3 x 2.2 x 0.4in
0.78 oz
3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/ 0.3cm + 0.5ppm
nr
0.05s
12 GPS, 12 GLONASS, 3 SBAS
AGLMMetNOPRV2
3.9 x 3.1 x 0.5 in
2.18 oz
3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/ 0.3cm + 0.5ppm
nr
0.05s
as above
ADNO2
4.3 x 3.3 x 0.6in
3.8 oz
3m/1m/nr/5mm + 1 ppm
nr
0.2s
12 GPS, 12 GLONASS, 3 SBAS
AGLMMetNOPRV2
8.46x7.87x2.99 in
4.6 lb
3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/ 0.3cm + 0.5ppm
nr
0.05s
12GPS + 2 SBAS as above as above
ADLMNOT1 ADGLMNOPRSTV2 ADGLMNOPRTV1
3m/40cm/nr 3m/40cm/1cm + 1 ppm/1cm + 1 ppm as above
200 200 200
0.2s 0.05s 0.05s
2.5m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/ 0.3cm + 0.5ppm
nr
0.05s
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A & CP; L2, P-code & CP; All in View GPS + L2C; WAAS/EGNOS GLONASS GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code & All in View GPS + CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5a code & CP; GLONASS + GALILEO WAAS/EGNOS
GLMNOPRV1
17.8 (Ø) x 9.0cm
<1.3 kg
GLMNOPRV1
17.8 (Ø) x 9.0cm
<1.3 kg
136 par.
GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code & CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5a code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS
All in View GPS + GLONASS + GALILEO
GLMNOPRV1
17.8 (Ø) x 9.0cm
APS-U
136 par.
GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code & CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5a code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS
All in View GPS + GLONASS + GALILEO
GLMNOPRV1
MB 100 Board
45 par.
12 GPS, 12 GLONASS, 3 SBAS
MB 800 Board
120 par.
GPS and GLONASS L1 C/A,; GPS L1/L2 P(Y)code, L2C, L1/L2 full wavelength carrier,; SBAS code & carrier GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2C, L5- GLONASS L1 C/A, L2 C/A code- GALILEO E1 and E5 SBAS L1 code and carrier (WAAS/EGNOS/ MSAS)- Fully inde L1 only, C/A-code and carrier (GPS and SBAS)
SkyNav GG12W 12 par. GPS+SBAS - FAA Certi¿able Board HDS800 RTK+Heading 240 par. System
AGLMMetNOPRV2
24 par. correlator
GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2C, L5- GLONASS 12 GPS, 12 GLONASS, L1 C/A, L2 C/A code- GALILEO E1 and E5 3 SBAS SBAS L1 (WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS/GAGAN)- QZSS GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS 12 - all in view
8.5 x 3.75 x 7.7in 4.125 lb 108 x 57mm 2.3 oz 8.70 in x 2.28 in x 6.30 in 2 lbs 15 ounces 7.48x2.28x6.3 in 2.70 lb
S1
2.49 x 4.33 x 8.11in
1.4 kg
5m/na/na/na
150
1
12 par. Correlator 12 par. Correlator 24 par. 12 par. 36 par. Correlator 12 par. Correlator 12 par. Correlator 12 par. Correlator 24 par. Correlator user de¿ne
L1 only, C/A–code L1 only, C/A–code L1 only, C/A–code L1 only, C/A–code L1 GPS C/A–code, L1 Glonass L1 only, C/A–code L1 only, C/A–code L1 only, C/A–code L1 GPS C/A–code, L1 Glonass GPS L1 C/A code
12 - all in view 12 - all in view 24 - all in view 12 - all in view 36 - all in view 12 - all in view 12 - all in view 12 - all in view 24 - all in view user de¿ne
ADLNO2 ADLNO2 ADN1 ADNOR1 ADNOR1 ADNOT2 ADNP2 ADNP2 ADNP2 ACDHLMNOPV12
4.72 x 0.63 x 4.82in 4.72 x 0.63 x 4.82in 3.72x2.52x10.37in 3.72 x 1.20 x 7.00in 5.60 x 2.70 x 6.61in 4.80x0.75x3.66in 2.5 in diameter 2.3 in diameter 2.49 x 4.33 x 8.11in na
105 g 110 g 1.1 kg 580 g 1.7 kg 150 g 25 g 40 g 1.4 kg na
5m/na/na/na 5m/na/na/na 5m/na/na/na 5m/na/na/na 5m/na/na/na 5m/na/na/na 5m/na/na/na 5m/na/na/na 5m/na/na/na ~5m
300 300 300 300 300 40 300 300 300 na
1 1 1 1 10 10 1 1 10 500Hz
BTI-2800LP BCM4751
user de¿ne 12
GPS L1 C/A code GPS L1, SBAS, QZSS
user de¿ne 12
ACDHLMNOPV12 NHC2
0.7 x 0.7cm 3 x 2.9mm
< 1g < 1g
~5m 2m/1m/na/na (CEP)
na 50
500Hz 1
BCM2076
12
GPS L1, GLONASS, SBAS
12
NHC2
4.28 x 3.83mm
< 1g
2m/1m/na/na (CEP)
50
1
BCM47511
18
GPS L1, GLONASS, SBAS, QZSS
18
NHC2
2.85 x 3.02mm
<1g
2m/1m/na/na (CEP)
50
1
BCM4761
12
GPS L1, SBAS
12
NHC2
11 x 11 x 1.2mm
<1g
2m/1m/na/na (CEP)
50
1
BCM4752
>100
GPS L1, GLONASS, SBAS, QZSS, IMES
>35
NHC2
2.0 x 2.4mm
<1g
2m/1m/na/na (CEP)
50
1
ACLYS GPS/AGPS IC
80 ch. Up to 16 SV
GPS L1 C/A
All in View
CHNV2
5.0 x 5.0 x 0.9mm
0.07g
3m, 3m, 3m, 5m
na
1
ACLYS-M GPS/AGPS Module CLIOX-C GPS/AGPS+ 3D Electronic Compass IC CGsnap GPS/AGPS Baseband IP CGsnap Pro GNSS/A-GNSS Baseband IP ACLYS-L RF Front End Communication & Navigation (C&N) TinyBrother GPS www.c-n.at
80 ch. Up to 16 SV
GPS L1 C/A
All in View
CHNV2
13.0 x 16.0 x 1.97mm
0.6g
3m, 3m, 3m, 5m
na
1
80 ch. Up to 16 SV
GPS L1 C/A
All in View
CHNV2
5.0 x 5.0 x 0.9mm
0.07g
3m, 3m, 3m, 5m
na
1
80 ch. Up to 16 SV
GPS L1 C/A
All in View
CHNV2
na
na
3m, 3m, 3m, 5m
100nS
1
192 ch. Up to 30 SV
GPS L1 C/A, GLONASS G1
All in View
CHNV2
na
na
3m, 3m, 3m, 5m
100nS
1
All in View 24
GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, COMPASS GPS L1 C/A code & CP
All in View All-in-View
CHNV2 AGLV1
5.0 x 5.0 x 0.9mm 73 x 37 x 116mm
0.07g 250g
na 5m/<1m/n.a./n.a.
na <50ns
na 1Hz
CSR www.csr.com
GSD4t
48
GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS
24
CHNV2
3.4 x 2.7 x 0.6mm
na
10m/nr/nr/nr (95%)
nr
Variable
GSD4e SiRFPrima SiRFPrima Automotive SiRFPrimaII
48 Up to 64 Up to 64 Up to 64
24 All in View All in View All in View
CHNV2 CHNV2 CHNV2 CHNV2
3.5 x 3.2 x 0.6mm 16 x 16 x 1.1mm 16 x 16 x 1.1mm 17 x 17 x 1.1mm
na na na na
10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%)
nr nr nr nr
Variable Variable Variable Variable
SiRFPrimaII Automotive
Up to 64
All in View
CHNV2
17 x 17 x 1.1mm
na
10m/nr/nr/nr (95%)
nr
Variable
SiRFAtlasIV SiRFAtlasV SiRFAtlasVI
Up to 64 Up to 64 Up to 64
GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, Glonass, Galileo, Compass, QZSS GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, Glonass, Galileo, Compass, QZSS GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS GPS L1 C/A, SBAS,QZSS GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, Glonass, Galileo, Compass, QZSS GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, QZSS, Glonass, Galileo, Compass GPS L1 C/A, SBAS, QZSS, Glonass, Galileo, Compass L1 full cycle CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle CP, P2 or L2C code, SBAS, option: GLONASS L1, full cycle CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle and L2 C/A code. as above
All in View All in View All in View
CHNV2 CHNV2 CHNV2
12 x 12 x 1.1mm 10 x 13 x 1.2mm 13.4 x 12.6 x 1.16mm
na na na
10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%) 10m/nr/nr/nr (95%)
nr nr nr
Variable Variable Variable
24
CHNV2
7.00 x 10.00 x 1.2mm
na
10m/nr/nr/nr (95%)
nr
Variable
24
CHNV2
3.11x2.20x0.6
10m/nr/nr/nr (95%)
nr
Variable
20 or more depending on con¿g
GLMNOVR1
20 x 8.5 x 3.5cm
600g
1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS)
<35
1,1/2,1/5, 1/10
20 or more depending on con¿g
GLMNOVRT1
27 x 8.5 x 3.5cm
750 g
1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS)
<35
1,1/2,1/5, 1/10
as above
30 or more depending on con¿g
GLMNOVRT1
10 x 8.4 x 3.5cm
340 g
1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS)
<35
1,1/2,1/5, 1/10, 1/20
L1 full cycle CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle CP, P2 or L2C code, SBAS, GLONASS L1, full cycle CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle and L2 C/A code. L1 full cycle CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle CP, P2 or L2C code, SBAS, option: GLONASS L1, full cycle CP, C/A–code. L1 full cycle CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle CP, P2 or L2C code, SBAS, GLONASS L1, full cycle CP, C/A–code, L2 full cycle and L2 C/A code. GPS L1 C/A code and carrier-phase, SBAS
30 or more depending on con¿g
GLMNOVRT1
Ø 17cm x 10cm
<35
1,1/2,1/5, 1/10
20 or more depending on con¿g
AHGLMOVRT2
90 x 60 x 12mm
~400 g 1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS) depending on con¿g. ~ 50 g 1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS)
<35
30 or more depending on con¿g
AHGLMOVRT2
90 x 60 x 12mm
~ 50 g
1.5m/<1m /1cm/<1cm (RMS)
<35
1,1/2,1/5, 1/10, 1/20 standard, higher rates optional. as above
16
GIS Mapping
12 x 6.5 x 4cm
0.67 lb
2.5m/2m/na/0.01cm (CEP)
BAE Systems Rokar www.baesystems.com
Baseband Technologies, Inc. www.basebandtech.com Broadcom www.broadcom.com
CellGuide www.cell-guide.com
DataGrid, Inc. www.datagrid-international.com
ADU5 3D Attitude Sensor DG14 GPS+SBAS Board ABX14 receiver
56 par./2 beacon 12 GPS + 2 WAAS 14 par.
ABX Series GNSS sensors
45, 120 or 240 par.
GPS SpaceNav BP GPS NT4RLG GPS GPS SWIFT-NT NAVPOD NT NavComp HNR-10 GH-C GPS GH-L GPS A/J SNIR GPS GPS/PC Pro
GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2C, L5- GLONASS L1 C/A, L2 C/A code- GALILEO E1 and E5 SBAS L1 code and carrier (WAAS/EGNOS/ MSAS)- Fully inde L1 only, C/A-code and carrier, SBAS, Beacon as above as above
Maximum number of satellites tracked
SiRFstarV 5ea Automotive
Up to 52
5t
Up to 52
Toughman
336 or more depending on con¿g 336 or more depending on con¿g 336 or more depending on con¿g 336 or more depending on con¿g 336 or more depending on con¿g 336 or more depending on con¿g 16 par.
Mk3 “Chameleon”
Gator
Colibri
DGRx (OEM)
DGRx-GNSS (OEM)
EfÀgis Geo Solutions / OnPOZ Products www.ef¿gis.com EndRun Technologies www.endruntechnologies.com
Exelis www.exelisinc.com
4
SubX
1Hz
Meridian Precision TimeBase Tycho Time & Frequency Reference Tempus LX Network Time Server Unison Network Time Server MSN Receiver
8 par.
GPS L1 C/A code
8
T1
17 x 1.75 x 10.75 in.
< 5 lb
Autonomous
< 10 ns RMS
1
8 par.
GPS L1 C/A code
8
T1
17 x 1.75 x 10.75 in.
< 5 lb
Autonomous
< 20 ns RMS
1
8 par.
GPS L1 C/A code
8
T1
17 x 1.75 x 10.75 in.
< 5 lb
Autonomous
< 30 ns
1
8 par. 12
GPS L1 C/A code GPS L1/L2; CA and P(Y)
8 12
T1 D
17 x 1.75 x 10.75 in. 18 x 19 x 5.25 inches
< 5 lb 30 lbs
Autonomous
< 30 ns
1
EGR 2500
12
GPS L1/L2; CA and P(Y)
12
D
2.45 x 1.76 x 0.38 in
31 grams
<10m
<30 ns
1Hz
GPS World | January 2013
www.gpsworld.com
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
Description or Comments
<45s
<15s
<1s
4
2 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 TNC
1,200-115,200
-20 to +65
INT/EXT
Dual Frequency Geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
<15s
<1s
4
2 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 TNC
1,200-115,200
-20 to +65
INT/EXT (9-18 V DC) INT/EXT (9-18 V DC)
7W
<45s
7W
INT/EXT
Triple Frequency Geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
<45s
<15s
<1s
4
2 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 TNC
1,200-115,200
-20 to +65
INT/EXT (9-18 V DC)
7W
INT/EXT
Dual Frequency Geodetic and RTK GNSS & TERRASTAR L-Band receiver
<45s
<15s
<1s
8
3 RS-232, 1 Bluetooth, 1 USB, 1 Ethernet, 2 TNC
1,200-115,200
-20 to +65
EXT (9-30 V DC)
11 W
EXTERNAL (1 or 2)
Dual or Triple Frequency Geodetic and RTK, GNSS Heading, & TERRASTAR L-band receiver
45s
35s
3s
3
RS-232, RS-232, USB 2.0
–40 to +85
external
35s
3s
4
RS-232, LV-TTL, LV-TTL, USB 2.0
-40° to +185°F
external
< 0.8W in GPS L1; < 0.95W in GPS L1/L2 or GPS+GLONASS L1 1.9W (GPS only),; 2.4W (GPS+GLONASS)
Ext. active patch/antenna.; 2 antenna connectors
45s
1 RS232 up to 921.6 kbits/ sec (RxD, TxD, CTS and RTS signals) RS-232 up 921.6 kbits/sec; LV-TTL up to 5 Mbits/sec; USB 2.0 up to 12 Mbps
Ext. active antenna (L1, L2) GPS/ GLONASS
Compact Dual-Frequency RTK OEM Board.; 2 antenna connectors for handheld integration.; BLADE Technology inside. GPS+GLONASS+SBAS Dual-Frequency OEM Board.; Z-BLADE Technology inside.
nr
nr
<3s
2
RS-230
300–115,200
–30 to +70
external
3
Patch, active (ER)
For aviation; designed to FAA/RTCA speci¿cations
45s
35s
3s
6
3x RS-232, USB 2.0, Bluetooth, Ethernet
RS-232 up 921.6 kbits/sec; USB 2.0 up to 12 Mbps;
-22° to +149°F
external
5W with one GNSS antenna
Ext. active antenna (L1, L2) GPS/ GLONASS
GPS+GLONASS+SBAS Dual-board RTK+Heading System.; Z-BLADE Technology inside.
90s 90s 90s
35s 35s 35s
3s 3s 3s
2 3 3
RS-232 RS-232 RS-232
300–115,200 300–115,200 300–115,200
–20 to +55 –30 to +70 –30 to +60
external external external
6 1.2 1.3
Patch with ground plane (ER) Microstrip GPS/beacon Microstrip GPS/beacon
Precise heading, pitch, roll, and 3D position Uses SBAS signals for sub-meter differential positioning Sub-meter GPS+Beacon+SBAS receiver
45s
35s
3s
3-4
2-3 RS-232, USB 2.0,
-22° to +140°F
external
2.4 W - 6.5 W
GNSS, GLONASS, Galileo, SBAS
GNSS-centric engine. GLONASS-only capable. Z-BLADE Technology inside.
<8 min
<50 s
2-5 s
4
RS-422
9600–38,400
–25 to +60
ext/int
5.5
patch (E)
For LEO satellites
<2min <2min <2min <2min <2min <2min <2min <2min <2min 2ms
20 s 20 s 20 s 20 s 5s 20s 13 s 6s 5s 2ms
2–5 s 2–5 s <1s <5 s <1s 2–5 s 3s 3s <1s 2ms
1,1 1,1 1, 1 1, 1 1,1 1,1 2 2 1,1 na
RS-422, RS-232 RS-422, RS-232 RS-232, RS-422 RS-232, RS-422 RS-422, RS-232 RS-422, RS-232 TTL TTL RS-422, RS-232 na
9,600–38,400 9,600–38,400 300–19,200 300–38,400 9,600–115,200 115200 9,600–115,200 9,600–115,200 9,600–115,200 na
–40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +71 –40 to +71 –40 to +71 –40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +71 na
ext ext ext/int ext/int ext ext ext ext/int ext na
3.75 3.75 6 4.5 14 4.5 1 3 14 na
patch (E) patch (E) patch (E) patch (E) 4X patch (E) patch (E) nr nr 4X patch (E) na
Smart munitions Inertial system integration Satellite launchers, missiles A/C PODS Artilery GPS Àight computer 10-MHz in, 2x1PPs out GPS for artilery GPS for artilery A/J GNSS for high dynamics SW based GPS receiver
2ms 30s
2ms 30s
2ms 1s
2 3
Serial/Parallel I2C, SPI, UART
TBD –30 to +85
3.3 1.5-3.6 V
TBD 13mW
na na
RFIC module Single-chip, single-die baseband and RF tuner
30s
30s
1s
3
UART, SDIO, SPI,I2C,PCM, I2S
na Up to 1/32 of reference clock UART: 4M
-30 to +85
1.2V - 5.5V
10mW
na
30s
30s
1s
2
UART, I2C
UART: 4M
-30 to +85
1.5-3.6 V
13mW
na
30s
30s
1s
96
-40 to +85 C
na
1s
2
UART: 4M
-30 to +85
Core: 1.2V, I/O: 3.3V, Audio 3V 1.5-3.6 V
300mW @ 700MHz
30s
GPIO, HS UART (x4), SPI, I2C, SDIO/ MMC (x3), PCM, I2S UART, I2C
UART: 4M
30s
13mW
na
33s
33s
<1s
1
SPI
2 Mbps
–40 to +85
Single 1.8v supply 20mW average
na
Single chip, single die, GPS + GLONASS + Bluetooth + FM (RX/TX) Single chip, single die, GPS + GLONASS baseband and RF tuner Highly intergrated ARM11 Apps Processor + VFPU + GPS Baseband + RF + LNA with support of DDR2 Single chip, single die, GPS + GLONASS baseband and RF tuner Single die GPS/AGPS baseband and RF front end
33s
33s
<1s
1
SPI
2 Mbps
–40 to +85
Single 1.8v supply 20mW average
na
GPS/AGPS Module
33s
33s
<1s
1
SPI
2 Mbps
–40 to +85
Single 1.8v supply 20mW average
na
33s
33s
<1s
1
APB
2 Mbps
na
na
na
na
33s
33s
<1s
1
APB
8 Mbps
na
na
na
na
na <45s
na <20s
na <1s
1 2
Serial RS-232
12-26 Msps 19200-115200
–40 to +85 “-20 to +70°C”
Single 1.8v supply 30mW max int LiPo/ext 9-30V 5W
na active, external
Two dies solution. GPS/AGPS baseband and RF front end + electronic compass GPS/AGPS baseband IP for integration with host-processor system GPS/AGPS baseband IP for integration with host-processor system Single die GPS RF front-end
<35s
<34s
<1s
2
UART, SPI, I2C
user selectable
-40 to +85
Ext
0.008
E
Single die tracker
<35s <35s <35s <35s
<34s <34s <34s <34s
<1s <1s <1s <1s
2 na na na
UART, SPI, I2C na na na
user selectable user selectable user selectable user selectable
-40 to +85 -40 to +85 -40 to +85 -40 to +85
Ext Ext Ext Ext
0.008 ~ 0.7 to 0.9 ~ 0.7 to 0.9 ~ 0.7 to 1.5
E E E E
Single die engine SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + GPS SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + GPS SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + video + GPS
<35s
<34s
<1s
na
na
user selectable
-40 to +85
Ext
~ 0.7 to 1.5
E
SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + video + GPS
<35s <35s <35s
<34s <34s <34s
<1s <1s <1s
na na na
na na na
user selectable user selectable user selectable
-20 to +70 -20 to +70 -40 to +85
Ext Ext Ext
~ 0.55 to 0.9 ~ 0.55 to 0.9 ~ 0.55 to 1.5
E E E
SOC: Apps Processor + GPS SOC: Apps Processor + GPS SOC: Apps Processor + GPU + GPS
<33s
<32s
<1s
2
UART, SPI, I2C
user selectable
-40 to +85
Ext
0.008
E
Single die GNSS engine
<33s
<32s
<1s
2
UART, SPI, I2C
user selectable
-40 to +85
Ext
0.008
E
single die tracker
<40s
36s
<1s
1, 1, 1, 1
Serial, A/D, USB, Bluetooth
1,200–115,200 bps
–30 to +70
int., ext., LiIonP.
2.2
L1/L2 (E)
GPS L1/L2 carrierphase and data collection. WR
<40s
36s
<1s
2, 1, 1, 1
Serial, A/D, USB, Bluetooth
1,200–115,200 bps
–30 to +70
int., ext, ., LiIonP.
3.2
L1/L2 GNSS (E)
RTK,VRS, Precision post-procecssing, Precision GIS, GSM modem opt. WR
<40s
36s
<1s
1,1
PC Card (PCMCIA), USB
1,200–115,200 bps
-40 to +85
ext.
1.5
L1/L2 GNSS (E)
RTK,VRS, Precision post-procecssing, Precision GIS, GSM modem opt. WR
<40s
36s
<1s
1,1
USB, Bluetooth option
1,200–115,200 bps
-40 to +85
int., ext, ., LiIonP.
1.5 to 2
L1/L2 GNSS Internal
RTK,VRS, Precision post-procecssing, Precision GIS, GSM modem opt. WR. Fully wireless operation capable.
<40s
<36s
<1s
2
Serial
1,200–115,200 bps
–40 to +85
ext.
1.5
L1/L2 GNSS (E)
Based on easy-to-upgrade/modify FPGA design
<40s
<36 s
<1s
2
Serial
1,200–115,200 bps
–40 to +85
ext.
1.5
L1/L2 GNSS (E)
as above
<<34s
<33s
<1s
1
1 BT
57600
–20 to +50
internal battery
5 min
2 min
< 1 min
2
1 Ethernet, 1 RS-232
10/100 Base-T, 19200
0 to +50
External
< 10W
L1 (ER)
GPS Time & Frequency
5 min
2 min
< 1 min
2
1 Ethernet, 1 RS-232
10/100 Base-T, 19200
0 to +50
External
< 7W
L1 (ER)
GPS Time & Frequency
5 min
2 min
< 1 min
2
1 Ethernet, 1 RS-232
10/100 Base-T, 19200
0 to +50
External
< 7W
L1 (ER)
NTP and PTP/IEEE-1588
5 min
2 min
< 1 min
2
1 Ethernet, 1 RS-232
10/100 Base-T, 19200
0 to +50
External ext
< 7W
L1 (ER) external, active
NTP and PTP/IEEE-1588
<40s
<38s
<3s
4
RS-232, CMOS
-40 to +85
ext
<1W
external, active
SAASM
www.gpsworld.com
Active, 27 db
January 2013 | GPS World
5
receiver survey 2013 | Sponsored by Time (nanosec)
Position Àx update rate (sec)
25 lbs max
Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2 Autonomous
<50ns Peak
1
27 lbs max
Autonomous
<50ns Peak
1
10 lbs max
Autonomous
<50ns Peak
1
15 lbs max
Autonomous
<50ns Peak
1
10 lbs max
Autonomous
<50ns Peak
1
4.4 lbs
Autonomous
<50ns Peak
1
3 lbs
Autonomous
<50ns Peak
1
0.7 lbs
Autonomous
<50ns Peak
1
7.2 lbs max
Autonomous
<50ns Peak
1
2g
3m CEP/1.5mCEP
< 100ns RMS
26 x 26 x 11.7mm
12.5g
3m CEP/1.5mCEP
< 100ns RMS
ACHLMNRV2
26 x 26 x 11.7mm
12.5g
3m CEP/1.5mCEP
< 100ns RMS
22
ACHLMNRV2
26 x 26 x 11.7mm
12.5g
3m CEP/1.5mCEP
< 100ns RMS
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
22
ACHLMNRV2
26 x 26 x 11.7mm
12.5g
3m CEP/1.5mCEP
< 100ns RMS
22 tracking + 66 acquisition
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
22
ACHLMNRTV2
16 x 16 x 6.7mm
6g
3m CEP/1.5mCEP
< 100ns RMS
FM11
22 tracking + 66 acquisition
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
22
ACHLMNRTV2
11 x 11 x 2.15mm
2g
3m CEP/1.5mCEP
< 100ns RMS
FGM-RLP
22 tracking + 66 acquisition
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
22
ACLMNRV2
30 x 34.1 x 8mm
50g
3m CEP/1.5mCEP
< 100ns RMS
FGM-ULP
22 tracking + 66 acquisition
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
22
ACLMNRV2
30 x 34.1 x 8mm
50g
3m CEP/1.5mCEP
< 100ns RMS
FGU04-T
50
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
50
ACHLMNRV2
26 x 26 x 11.7mm
12.5g
2.5m CEP
60ns RMS
FGU-RLP
50
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
50
ACHLMNRV2
30 x 34.1 x 8mm
50g
2.5m CEP
60ns RMS
FSP04-TLP
48
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
48
ACHLMNRV2
26 x 26 x 11.7mm
12.5g
na/2.5 m CEP50
< 50ns RMS
1Hz default, max up to 10Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 10Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 10Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 10Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 10Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 10Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 10Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 10Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 10Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 5Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz default, max up to 5Hz by user de¿ne 1Hz
GN8421
32
L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS
12
Navigation
22.0 x 22.0 x 3.0mm
1ms (Max)
1
GN85 GV84H
32 32
L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS L1 only, C/A–code
12 GPS, 2 SBAS 12
Navigation Navigation
18.0 x 21.5 x 3.0 mm 15.0 x 64.0mm
1ms (Max)
5Hz 1
GV85
32
L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS
12 GPS, 2 SBAS
Navigation
18.0 x 21.5 x 3.0 mm
GT8031
16
L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS
12
Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE
33.8 x 20.8 x 6.3mm
GT8036 GT85
12 32
L1 only, C/A–code L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS
12 12 GPS, 2 SBAS
40.0 x 60.0mm 18.0 x 21.5 x 3.0 mm
GT8536
32
L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS
12 GPS, 2 SBAS
Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/ LTE/Femto Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE
eRideOPUS 5SD
32
L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS
12 GPS, 2 SBAS
Automotive/Navigation/Timing 9.0 x 9.0mm
eRideOPUS 5FS GF180TC
32 16
L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS L1 only, C/A–code
12 GPS, 2 SBAS 12
Navigation Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE
6.0 x 6.0mm 51 x 51 x 16mm
<50g
GF8052
16
L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS
12
Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE
51 x 51 x 19mm
<50g
GF8048
16
L1 only, C/A–code
12
Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE/ Digital Broadcast
207 x 327 x 98.5mm
<3kg
GF8557
32
L1 only, C/A–code, SBAS
12 GPS, 2 SBAS
Timing/CDMA/Wi-MAX/LTE/ Digital Broadcast
100 x 100 x 28.3mm
<120g
30ns @ 2 sigma
1
SXBlue GNSS
39 channel
L1 C/A code & phase, GPS + GLONASS, SBAS
27
DGLMNR1
8.5 x 3.5 x 11.2cm
.6 lb
2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95%
na
SXBlue II GPS
12 channel
L1 C/A code & phase GPS, SBAS
12
DGHLMNR1
8.0 x 4.7 x 14.1cm
1 lb (w/batt.)
2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95%
na
SXBlue II GNSS
39 channel
8.0 x 4.7 x 14.1cm
1 lb (w/batt.)
2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95%
na
12 channel
DGHLMNR1
8.0 x 5.6 x 14.1cm
1 lb (w/batt.)
2.5m/80cm/3cm/1cm , 95%
na
SXBlue II-B GPS
12 channel
L1 GPS C/A code & phase, GPS + GLONASS, 27 SBAS L1 C/A code & phase GPS, SBAS, OmniSTAR 12 + 1 VBS L1 C/A code & phase GPS, SBAS, DGPS Beacon 12
DGHLMNR1
SXBlue II-L GPS
DGHLMNR1
8.0 x 5.6 x 14.1cm
2 lb (w/batt.)
2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95%
na
SXBlue GNSS L1/L2
117 channel
DGLMNR1
8.5 x 3.5 x 11.2cm
.6 lb
2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95%
na
SXBlue III GNSS
117 channel
L1/L2/(L2C) C/A & P code, GPS + GLONASS, 27 CP, SBAS L1/L2/(L2C) C/A & P code, GLONASS, CP, SBAS 27
DGHLMNR1
8.0 x 4.7 x 14.1cm
1 lb (w/batt.)
2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95%
na
SXBlue III-L GNSS
117 channel
27 + 1
DGHLMNR1
8.0 x 5.6 x 14.1cm
1 lb (w/batt.)
2.5m/60cm/3cm/1cm , 95%
na
PDSU
All in view
L1/L2/(L2C) C/A & P code, CP, GPS + GLONASS, SBAS, OmniSTAR VBS/XP/HP/G2 GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS; (L2 optional)
All in view
25 Cubic inches
1.5 lbs
< 1m CEP
15 ns
1 to 10Hz, optional 20Hz 1 to 10Hz, optional 20Hz 1 to 10Hz, optional 20Hz 1 to 10Hz, optional 20Hz 1 to 10Hz, optional 20Hz 1Hz, optional 10 & 20Hz 1Hz, optional 10 & 20Hz 1Hz, optional 10 & 20Hz 1 sec up to 5Hz
Geo-LDV
All in view
GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS; (L2 optional)
All in view
25 Cubic inches
15.8 oz
15 ns
1 sec up to 10Hz
Geo-Pointer
All in view
GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS; (L2 optional)
All in view
40 Cubic inches
15.8 oz
+- [10mm + 0.2mm/km)] horizontal. 2 times less precise in vertical (1 standard deviation) < O.01 deg depending on antenna distance
15 ns
1 sec up to 10Hz
SAASM RTK
All in view
Precise Position Service (PPS) Y-code on both L1 and L2
All in view
85.6 cubic inches
28.7 oz
15 ns
1 sec up to 10Hz
FGPMMOPA6C
66 Channels All in View Tracking
GPS L1 C/A code
66
ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2
16 x 16 x 6.2mm
Weight< 6g
10 ns RMS
Up to 10Hz(Default: 1Hz)
FGPMMOPA6H
as above
GPS L1 C/A code
66
ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2
16 x 16 x 4.7mm
Weight< 4g
+- [10mm + 0.2mm/km)] horizontal. 2 times less precise in vertical (1 standard deviation) Without aid: 3.0m (50% CEP); DGPS (SBAS(WAAS,EGNOS,MSAS)): 2.5m (50% CEP) Without aid: 3.0m (50% CEP); DGPS (SBAS(WAAS,EGNOS,MSAS)): 2.5m (50% CEP)
10 ns RMS
Up to 10Hz(Default: 1Hz)
Manufacturer
Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
Maximum number of satellites tracked
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
FEI-Zyfer www.fei-zyfer.com
CommSync II
12 par. Or 24 par.
GPS L1 or L1/L2
24 (SAASM MRU)
ADLMMetNOPT1
CommSync II-D
12 par. Or 24 par.
GPS L1 or L1/L2
24 (SAASM MRU)
ADLMMetNOPT1
GSync
12 par. Or 24 par.
GPS L1 or L1/L2
24 (SAASM MRU)
ADLMMetNOPT1
GSync II
12 par. Or 24 par.
GPS L1 or L1/L2
24 (SAASM MRU)
ADLMMetNOPT1
AccuSync II
12 par. Or 24 par.
GPS L1 or L1/L2
24 (SAASM MRU)
ADLMMetNOPT1
NanoSync IV
12 par. Or 24 par.
GPS L1 or L1/L2
24 (SAASM MRU)
ADLMMetNOPT12
NanoSync III
12 par. Or 24 par.
GPS L1 or L1/L2
24 (SAASM MRU)
ADLMMetNOPT12
NanoSync II
12 par.
GPS L1 Only
12
ADLMMetNOPT12
GPStar Plus
12 par.
GPS L1 Only
12
ADLMMetNOPT1
FM03
22 tracking + 66 acquisition
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
22
ACHLMNRTV2
448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA Rack) x 134mm (5.25”) (3U) x 381mm (15.0”) 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA Rack) x 87mm (3.50”) (2U) x 381mm (15.0”) 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA Rack) x 44mm (1.75”) (1U)x 381mm (15.0”) 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA Rack) x 87mm (3.50”) (2U) x 381mm (15.0”) 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA Rack) x 44mm (1.75”) (1U) x 305mm (12.0”) 102mm (4.00”) x 89mm (3.50”) x 210mm (8.25”) 102mm (4.00”) x 58mm (2.25”) x 204mm (8.00”) 109mm (4.3”) x 32mm (1.25”) x 88mm (3.45”) 448mm (17.65”) (19” EIA Rack) x 44mm (1.75”) (1U) x 310mm (12.2”) 11.5 x 13.0 x 2.15mm
FMP04
22 tracking + 66 acquisition
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
22
ACHLMNRV2
FMP04-TLP
22 tracking + 66 acquisition
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
22
FMP04-RLP
22 tracking + 66 acquisition
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
FMP04-ULP
22 tracking + 66 acquisition
FM06-TLP
ftech Radio Frequency System Corporation www.f-tech.com.tw
Furuno www.furuno.com
Geneq inc. www.sxbluegps.com
Geodetics Inc. www.geodetics.com
GlobalTop Technology www.gtop-tech.com
6
GPS World | January 2013
1Hz
30ns @ 2 sigma 34ns 30ns @ 2 sigma 30ns @ 2 sigma 30ns @ 2 sigma
40.0 x 60.0mm
30ns @ 2 sigma 30ns @ 2 sigma 30ns @ 2 sigma
1 1 1 1 5Hz 5Hz 1 1 1
www.gpsworld.com
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
Description or Comments
< 20 min
< 2 min
< 2 min
4
RS-232/Ethernet/GbE
19.2K
0 to +50 C
Ext
Varies
Active L1 or L1/L2
GPS Timing System - Modular, redundant, 13 expansion slots
< 20 min
< 2 min
< 2 min
4
RS-232/Ethernet/GbE
19.2K
0 to +50 C
Ext
Varies
Active L1 or L1/L2
GPS Timing System - Modular, redundant, 8 expansion slots
< 20 min
< 2 min
< 2 min
3
RS-232/Ethernet/GbE
19.2K
0 to +50 C
Ext
Varies
Active L1 or L1/L2
GPS Timing System - Modular 4 expansion slots
< 20 min
< 2 min
< 2 min
3
RS-232/Ethernet/GbE
19.2K
0 to +50 C
Ext
Varies
Active L1 or L1/L2
GPS Timing System - Modular, 8 expansion slots
< 20 min
< 2 min
< 2 min
3
RS-232/Ethernet
19.2K
0 to +50 C
Ext
Varies
Active L1 or L1/L2
GPS Timing System - Multiple ¿xed time and frequency outputs with PTP/NTP
< 20 min
< 2 min
< 2 min
2
RS-232/Ethernet
19.2K
0 to +50 C
Ext
25W @ 25° C steady state Active L1 or L1/L2
< 20 min
< 2 min
< 2 min
1
RS-232
19.2K
0 to +50 C
Ext
5W @ 25° C steady state
< 20 min
< 2 min
< 2 min
1
RS-232
19.2K
0 to +50 C
Ext
10W @ 25° C steady state Active L1
Small form, Rubidium and C/A or SAASM PNT engine with 1PPS/10MHz/NTP/PTP Small form, OCXO and C/A or SAASM PNT engine with 1PPS/10MHz Small Form and OEM GPSDO with 1PPS/10MHz
< 20 min
< 2 min
< 2 min
1
RS-232
Selectable
0 to +50 C
Ext
50W @ 25° C steady state Active L1
1U Rackmount, GPS Event Trigger and Time Tag capability
<35s
<34s
<1s
1
UART
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext
30mA at 3.3V
ext., active or passive
MT3329 chipset, very high senstivity at -165dBM
<35s
<34s
<1s
1
UART
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext / built-in backup battery
36mA at 3.3v
active internal antenna
as above
<35s
<34s
<1s
1
UART
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext / built-in backup battery
24mA at 3.3V
active internal antenna
as above
<35s
<34s
<1s
1
RS232
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext / built-in backup battery
24mA at 3.3V
active internal antenna
as above
<35s
<34s
<1s
1
USB
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext / built-in backup battery
31mA at 3.3V
active internal antenna
as above
<35s
<34s
<1s
1
UART
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext
24mA at 3.3V
active internal antenna
as above
<35s
<34s
<1s
2
UART
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext
19mA at 3.3V
ext., active or passive
as above
<35s
<34s
<1s
1
UART/RS232
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext
37mA at 3.3V
active internal antenna
Smart antenna model, multi type connector and various cable length availavle
<35s
<34s
<1s
1
USB
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext
37mA at 3.3V
active internal antenna
Smart antenna model, multi type connector and various cable length availavle
<27s
<27s
<1s
1
UART
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext / built-in backup battery
45mA at 3.3V
active internal antenna
uBlox AMY-6M
<27s
<27s
<1s
1
UART/RS232
4800–115200
-40 to +85
ext / built-in backup battery
45mA at 3.3V
active internal antenna
Smart antenna model, multi type connector and various cable length availavle
<35s
35s
<1s
1
UART
4800/9600
-40 to +85
active internal antenna
SiRF/CSR Star IV chipset GSD4e
33s
2s
1
NMEA
9600
–40 to +85
ext / built-in backup battery ext
24mA at 3.3V
38s 38s 45s
33s 34s
2s 2s
1 1
NMEA NMEA
4800-115200; 9600
–40 to +85 –30 to +85
ext ext
38s
33s
2s
2
–40 to +85
ext
44.9s
36s
8.4s
1
UART1 (for NMEA Input/Output); UART2/ 115200 I2C selectable (for IMU sensor data input), Wheel tick capable NMEA 9600
Passive or Active Direct mount, passive. High performance Dead Reckoning. Passive or Active
–30 to +80
ext
Active
52s 70s
37s 70s
9s 5s
1 1
9600 4800-115200;
–40 to +85 –40 to +85
ext ext
Active Active
M12 (Motorola) compatible M12 (Motorola) compatible
70s
70s
5s
1
4800-115200;
–40 to +85
ext
Active
M12 (Motorola) compatible
33s
30s
1s
M12 (Motorola) compatible NMEA or M12 (Motorola compatible) ¿rmware selectable NMEA or M12 (Motorola compatible) command selectable NMEA
4800-115200;
–40 to +85
ext
Passive or Active
Timing software available
32s
30s -
1s -
NMEA Board to Board Connector; (10MHz, 1PPS, NMEA, TOD) Board to Board Connector; (10MHz, 1PPS, NMEA, TOD) Serial (DSUB9pin) ; Alarm (DSUB 15pin); 9BNC(10MHz), 9BNC(1PPS)
4800-115200; 9600
–40 to +85 –40 to +85
ext ext
Passive or Active Active
9600
–20 to +80
ext
4,800 - 230,400
-40 to +70
Built-in Àash GPS Disciplined 10MHz via TCXO oscillator; Master/ Slave Function GPS Disciplined 10MHz via OXCO oscillator; Master/Slave Function; Hold Over:<±260 usec / 24h GPS Disciplined 10MHz via ; Ribidium oscillator (Low Phase Noise); Master/Slave Function; Hold Over:<±400 nsec / 1h; ( <±3 usec / 24h)
1 1 2+18
Active L1 or L1/L2
Passive
<0.7W
High performance Dead Reckoning, Antenna directly mounted High performance Dead Reckoning (Fusion)
Warm up:<6W; Steady state :<3W ext; (internal Warm up:<63W; Steady battery is available state :<25W for short term powerdown) ext Warm up:<14W; Steady state :<8W
Active
Active
GPS Disciplined 10MHz via OXCO oscillator; Hold Over:<±8usec/24h
3.2 W
L1 GNSS Active
1.9 W
L1 GPS Active
The SXBlue series make optimal use of SBAS signals for ground users to provide submeter realtime positioning all the time
Active
-
-
2
-40 to +85
35s
<1s
2
Board to Board Connector; (10MHz, 1PPS, NMEA, TOD); MCX Connector (10MHz) Bluetooth, RS-232 (all independent)
4,800 - 115,200
60s
4,800 - 230,400
-40 to +85
60s
35s
<1s
3
Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent)
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
Ext (5V, 12V or 24V) Integrated battery
60s
35s
<1s
3
Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent)
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
Integrated battery
3.3 W
L1 GNSS Active
to provide submeter realtime positioning all the time
60s
35s
<1s
3
Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent)
4,800 - 230,400
-40 to +70
Integrated battery
2.9 W
L1 GPS/LBand Active
60s
35s
<1s
3
Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent)
4,800 - 230,400
-40 to +85
Integrated battery
2.5 W
Combined L1 GPS/DGPS Beacon
Worldwide Portable OmniSTAR receiver (VBS Service). Integrated Battery. Portable DGPS Beacon receiver. Integrated battery.
60s
35s
<1s
2
Bluetooth, RS-232 (all independent)
4,800 - 230,400
-40 to +85
L1/L2 GNSS Active
Dual Frequency GPS+GLONASS (external power)
35s
<1s
3
Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent)
172 Kbps
-20 to +60 (batttery)
Ext (5V, 12V or 24V) Integrated battery
3.3 W
60s
3.3 W
L1/L2 GNSS Active
Dual Frequency RTK GPS+GLONASS. Integrated battery.
60s
35s
<1s
3
Bluetooth, USB, RS-232 (all independent)
-20 to +60 (batttery)
Integrated battery
3.9 W
L1/L2/LBand GNSS Active
<<34s
<33s
<1s
2
Serial, Ethernet, RF link TDMA
-20 to +60 (batttery)
ext/int (LIPO)
39ma
<<34s
<33s
<1s
2
Serial, Ethernet, RF link TDMA
Input power 10-30 volts DC
External (user provided); will support active or passive External (user provided); will support active or passive
Dual Frequency GNSS, Worldwide 10cm with OmniSTAR G2 service. Integrated battery. Ruggedized for dismounted soldeir operations and low dynamic vehicle Real-time navigation system for dynamic platforms
<<34s
<33s
<1s
3
Serial, Ethernet
–40 to +85
Input power 10-30 volts DC
External (user provided); will support active or passive
Serial, Ethernet
4800/9600/14400/19200/ 38400/57600/115200 bps Avaliable as above
–40 to +85
Input power 10-30 volts DC
External (user provided); will support active or passive
High-accuracy, real-time heading system for dynamic platforms based on GPS antennae mounted on a platform to compute precise heading and pitch information. high-accuracy GPS capabilities using the military Precise Position Service (PPS) Y-code on both L1 and L2.
<<35s
<33s
<1s
1
UART
as above
–40 to +85
ext
66 mW
Ceramic Patch Antenna
MTK (MediaTek) 3339 chipset, low power consumption, advanced software supported
<<35s
<33s
<1s
1
UART
as above
–40 to +85
ext
66 mW
1. Ceramic Patch Antenna; 2. Support for External Antenna
MTK (MediaTek) 3339 chipset, additional ext antenna supported
www.gpsworld.com
January 2013 | GPS World
7
receiver survey 2013 | Sponsored by Time (nanosec)
Position Àx update rate (sec)
Weight< 1g
Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2 as above
10 ns RMS
Weight< 2g
as above
10 ns RMS
11.5 x 13 x 2.1mm
Weight< 1g
10 ns RMS
GLMNPV1
4.9 x 2.0 x 5.9in
1.4 lb
Without aid: 3.0m (50% CEP); DGPS (SBAS(WAAS,EGNOS,MSAS)): 2.5m (50% CEP) na/na/na/na
Up to 10Hz(Default: 1Hz) Up to 10Hz(Default: 1Hz) Up to 10Hz(Default: 1Hz)
na
na
GLMNPV2
2.0 x 0.54 x 3.0in
0.06 lb
na/na/na/na
na
na
12 12 12 12 + 1 12 + 1
AGLMNPRV1 AGLMNPRV1 AGLMNPRV1 AGLMNPRV1 AGLMNPRV1
5.7 x 4.1in 4.5 x 1.8 x 6.3in 4.5 x 1.8 x 6.3in 4.5 x 1.8 x 6.3in 4.5 x 2.8 x 7.4in
1.23 lb 1.2 lb 1.2 lb 1.2 lb 1.9 lb
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
50 50 50 50 50
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
12 12 12 12
AGLMNPRV2 AGLMNPV2 AGLMNPV2 AGLMNPV1
1.6 x 0.5 x 2.8in 2.8 x 1.1 x 4.3in 14.8 x 4.1 x 1.0in 4.5 x 2.8 x 7.4in
0.06 lb 0.12 lb 8.8 oz 1.9 lb
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
50 50 50 50
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS) and GLONASS L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS) and GLONASS L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS) and GLONASS L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band and GLONASS L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band and GLONASS L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band and GLONASS L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band and GLONASS L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS)
27
AGLMNPRV2
3.2 x 2.0 x 1.5in
<4.7 oz
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
20
0.05
27
AGLMNPRV2
1.6 x 0.5 x 2.8in
<0.7 oz
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
20
0.05
27
AGLMNPRV2
1.6 x 0.5 x 2.85in
<0.7 oz
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
20
0.05
27 + 1
AGLMNPRV2
2.8 x 0.5 x 4.3in
<2.5 oz
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
20
0.05
27 + 1
AGLMNPV2
2.8 x 0.5 x 6.0in
<3.0 oz
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
20
0.05
27 + 1
AGLMNPRV1
4.5 x 1.8 x 6.3in
1.4 lb
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
20
0.05
27 + 1
AGLMNPRV1
4.5 x 7.8in
3.3 lb
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
20
0.05
12 12
AGLMNPV1 AGLMNPV1
16.4 x 6.2 x 2.7in 8.2 x 5.7 x 26.1in
3.3 lb 5.4 lb
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/na 1-sigma 1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
50 50
0.05 0.05
27
AGLMNPRV1
4.09 x 5.7in
19.7 oz
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
20
0.05
user-de¿ned
LNP1
15.7 x 6.9 x 18.0cm
3.5 lb
~10m (95%); Code accuracy: <20cm; Carrier accuracy: < 1mm
<10 ns
up to 25Hz PVT
120 par.; Narrow; correlator 16ch
L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS), L-Band and GLONASS up to 8 (with 2nd RF front-end)) signal chains tracked in real-time in parallel GPS L1 C/A, L2 P, L2C, L5 Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, E5 AltBOC, E6 GLONASS G1 C/A, G2 C/A BEIDOU ready GPS L1 C/A, L2 P, L2C, L5, Galileo E1, E5ab, E6, GLONASS G1 C/A & P GPS L1 C/A code, CP 16 GPS
60
NP1
19” x 2HU x 33cm
19.8 lb
~10m (95%)
<10 ns
10Hz PVT
16
DGH1
28x11x6
na
1Hz PVT
ike300
16ch
GPS L1 C/A code, CP 16 GPS
16
DGH1
28x11x6
na
1Hz PVT
ike1000
16ch
GPS L1 C/A code, CP 16 GPS
16
DGH1
28x11x6
0.6m CEP (SBAS)/1.5m CEP autonomous 0.6m CEP (SBAS)/1.5m CEP autonomous 0.6m CEP (SBAS)/1.5m CEP autonomous
na
1Hz PVT
TruTrak for projectile
12 dedicated or multiplexed 12 dedicated
L1 only, L2 optional C/A– and P–code, Y–code
12
D
6.2 x 3.9 x 0.5in
<0.25 lb
0.5
12
D
<0.25 lb
100
1
L1/L2 C/A and P(Y)
12
D
100
0.5 or 1
TruTrak Evolution DS
12 dedicated or multiplexed 24 dedicated
4.0 x 2.3 (Àares to 2.65) x 0.495in 3.42 x 3.42 x 0.495in
L1/L2 C/A and P(Y)
12
D
1.75 x 2.45in
35g
TruTrak Evolution SS
12 dedicated
L1 C/A and P(Y)
12
D
3.07 x 0.93in with tabs to 1.49in
23g
ITAR Controlled - Data available upon request ITAR Controlled - Data available upon request ITAR Controlled - Data available upon request ITAR Controlled - Data available upon request ITAR Controlled - Data available upon request
100
L1/L2 C/A and P(Y)
Data available upon request as above
Data available upon request as above
TruTrak Type II
24 dedicated
L1/L2 C/A and P(Y)
12
D
1.76 x 0.368 x 2.45
35g
ITAR Controlled - Data avliable upon request
40 ns
TruTrak DM
24 dedicated
L1/L2 C/A and P(Y)
12
D
2.46 x 0.347 x 2.49
20 par Channel GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS (200,000 correlators)
12
ACDGHLMNO
18 x 18 x 3.1mm
3.5g
ITAR Controlled - Data avliable upon request 5m, 2DRMS
40 ns
ISM300F2-C4.1
1us
1Hz PVT
ISM300F2-C5.1-V0002
20 par Channel GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS (200,000 correlators)
12
ACDGHLMNO
18 x 18 x 3.1mm
3.5g
5m, 2DRMS
1us
1Hz PVT
ISM300F2-C5.1-V0003
20 par Channel GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS (200,000 correlators)
12
ACDGHLMNO
18 x 18 x 3.1mm
3.5g
5m, 2DRMS
1us
1Hz PVT
ISM300F2-C5.1-V0004
20 par Channel GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS (200,000 correlators)
12
ACDGHLMNO
18 x 18 x 3.1mm
3.5g
5m, 2DRMS
1us
1Hz PVT
ISM300F2-C5.0-V0005
20 par Channel GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS (200,000 correlators)
12
ACDGHLMNO
18 x 18 x 3.1mm
3.5g
5m, 2DRMS
1us
5Hz PVT
EZ-GPS
20 par Channel GPS L1 C/A code, 24 GPS (200,000 correlators)
12
ACDGHLMNO
18 x 18 x 12mm
7g
5m, 2DRMS
1us
1Hz PVT
ISM420
48 Track veri¿cation channels
GPS L1 C/A code, 48 GPS
24
ACDGHLMNO
9.5 x 10.5 x 2.5mm
3g
5m, 2DRMS
1us
1Hz PVT
ISM470
48 Track veri¿cation channels
GPS L1 C/A code, 48 GPS
24
ACDGHLMNO
12.5 x 15.0 x 2.5mm
5 f\g
5m, 2DRMS
1us
1Hz or 5Hz PVT
ISM480
48 Track veri¿cation channels
GPS L1 C/A code, 48 GPS
24
ACDGHLMNO
16.5 x 16.5 x 7.0mm
5 f\g
5m, 2DRMS
1us
1Hz or 5Hz PVT
SAASM CSAC (SAASM Chip Scale Cesium Atomic Clock) GPSDO HD CSAC (Chip Scale Cesium Atomic Clock) SWAP optimized GPSDO CSAC (Chip Scale Cesium Atomic Clock) GPSDO
12 par.
L2, L1, Y(P), C/A, SAASM
12
ADLMMETNOT2
3 x 2.9 x 1in
<3 Oz
<2m RMS
<15ns RMS
1Hz
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
ADLMMETNOT2
2 x 2.5 x 0.5in
<2 Oz
<2m RMS
<15ns RMS
1Hz
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
ADLMMETNOT2
3 x 2.5 x 0.5in
<2 Oz
<2m RMS
<15ns RMS
1Hz
FireFly-IIA 10MHz GPSDO
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
ADLMMETNOTV2
1.5 x 3 x 1in
1.74 Oz
<2m RMS
<30ns RMS
1Hz
FireFly-IIB 10MHz GPSDO
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
ADLMMETNOTV2
1.5 x 3 x 1in
1.74 Oz
<2m RMS
<30ns RMS
1Hz
Fury-DOCXO 10MHz GPSDO Fury-SOCXO 10MHz GPSDO FireFly-1A 16MHz GPSDO FireFly-1A 10MHz GPSDO FireFly-II 10MHz GPSDO FireFly-IIA Ruggedized, low-g 10MHz GPSDO
12 par.
L1, C/A
12
ADLMMETNOT2
10.0 x 10.0 x 2.6cm
0.25lb
<5m RMS
<2ns RMS
1Hz
12 par.
L1, C/A
12
ADLMMETNOT2
10.0 x 10.0 x 2.6cm
0.25lb
<5m RMS
<2ns RMS
1Hz
50 par. 50 par. 50 par. 50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50 50 50 50
ADLMMETNOTV2 ADLMMETNOTV2 ADLMMETNOTV2 ADLMMETNOTV2
1.0 x 2.5 x 0.5in 1.0 x 2.5 x 0.5in 1.5 x 3.0 x 0.8in 1.5 x 3.0 x 0.8in
0.64 Oz 0.64 Oz 1.74 Oz 2 Oz
<2m RMS <2m RMS <2m RMS <2m RMS
<30ns RMS <30ns RMS <30ns RMS <30ns RMS
1Hz 1Hz 1Hz 1Hz
Manufacturer
Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
Maximum number of satellites tracked
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
GlobalTop Technology continued
Gmm-u2p
as above
GPS L1 C/A code
66
ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2
9 x 12.7 x 2.1mm
FGPMMOSL3C
as above
GPS L1 C/A code
66
ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2
11.5 x 13 x 2.1mm
Gmm-g3
99 channels
GPS/Glonass/Galieo (on request)
99
ACDGHLMMetNPRSTV2
MBX–4
2 ind.
RTCM SC–104
na
SBX–4 (OEM)
2 par.
RTCM SC–104
na
A101 R100 R110 R120 R131
12 par. 12 par. 12 par. 12 par. + 1 12 par. + 1
P102 (Crescent (OEM)) H101 (Crescent Vector II ) H102 VS101
12 par. 12 par. (x2) 12 par. (x2) 12 par. (x2)
L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) and Beacon L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS), L-Band L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS), Beacon and L-Band L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS) L1 only, C/A–code & CP (SBAS)
PA300
117 par
P300
117 par
P301
117 par
P320 (Eclipse II (OEM))
117 par. + 1
H320
117 par. (x2) + 1
R320
117 par. + 1
S320
117 par. + 1
V102 V103
12 par. (x2) 12 par. (x2)
A325
117 par. + 1
SX-NSR
user-de¿ned; Multi- & vector-; correlator
NavX-NTR ike100
Hemisphere GPS www.hemispheregps.com
IFEN GmbH www.ifen.com
ikeGPS www.ikeGPS.com
Interstate Electronics Corporation www.iechome.com
TruTrak Locator TruTrak Munitions
Inventek Systems www.inventeksys.com
Jackson Labs Technologies, Inc. www.jackson-labs.com
8
GPS World | January 2013
<0.25 lb
www.gpsworld.com
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
Description or Comments
<<35s
<33s
<1s
2
UART
as above
–40 to +85
ext
50 mW
ext
<<35s
<33s
<1s
2
UART
4,800–9,600
–30 to +70
ext
50 mW
ext
<<35s
<33s
<1s
2
UART
4,800–115,200
–30 to +70
ext
96 mW
ext
MTK (MediaTek) 3339 chipset, low power consumption, advanced software supported MTK (MediaTek) 3339 chipset, additional ext antenna supported MTK (MediaTek) 3333 chipset, additional ext antenna supported
<60s
<2s
2s
1
RS-232 or RS-422
4,800–115,200
–40 to +70
External
2.5
Beacon (ER) (included)
61108-4 compliant beacon receiver
<60s
30s
<10s
2
3.3 V HCMOS
4,800–115,200
–30 to +70
External
<0.25
Beacon (ER)
60s 60s 60s 60s 60s
30s 30s 30s 30s 30s
<10s <10s <10s <10s <10s
2 3 3 3 3
RS-232, CAN RS-232, USB RS-232, USB RS-232, USB RS-232, USB
4,800–115,200 4,800–115,200 4,800–115,200 4,800–115,200 4,800–115,200
–30 to +70 –30 to +70 –30 to +70 –30 to +70 –30 to +70
External External External External External
<3 <3 <3 <3 <3
Integrated GPS+SBAS GPS + SBAS + LBand (ER) (inc.) GPS + SBAS + LBand (ER) (inc.) GPS + Beacon + SBAS (ER) (inc.) GPS + SBAS + LBand (ER) (inc.)
61108-4 compliant beacon board with database search receiver module GPS and SBAS smart antenna GPS and SBAS receiver GPS, Beacon and SBAS receiver GPS, OmniSTAR and SBAS receiver GPS, OmniSTAR, Beacon and SBAS receiver
60s 60s 60s 60s
30s 30s 30s 30s
<10s <10s <10s <10s
4 4 2 2
3.3 V HCMOS 3.3 V HCMOS RS-232 RS-232
4,800–115,200 4,800–115,200 4,800–115,200 4,800–115,200
–30 to +70 –30 to +70 –40 to +70 –30 to +70
External External External External
<1.0 <1 <3 <5
GPS + SBAS (ER) GPS + SBAS (ER) GPS + SBAS (ER) GPS + SBAS (ER) (included)
60s
30s
<10s
2
3.3 V HCMOS
4,800–115,200
–30 to +70
External
<1.9
GPS + SBAS + GLONASS (ER)
GPS and SBAS receiver module GPS and SBAS compass receiver module GPS and SBAS compass receiver module GPS and SBAS compass computes heading < 0.1° accuracy (optional beacon differential) L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS and SBAS receiver module
60s
30s
<10s
4
3.3 V HCMOS, USB
4,800–115,200
–40 to +85
External
<1.9
GPS + SBAS + GLONASS (ER)
L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS and SBAS receiver module
60s
30s
<10s
4
3.3 V HCMOS, USB
4,800–115,200
–30 to +70
External
<1.9
GPS + SBAS + GLONASS (ER)
L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS and SBAS receiver module
60s
30s
<10s
5
3.3 V HCMOS, USB
4,800–115,200
–40 to +70
External
<2.5
60s
30s
<10s
5
3.3 V HCMOS, USB
4,800–115,200
–30 to +70
External
<3.25
60s
30s
<10s
4
RS-232, USB
4,800–115,200
–30 to +70
External
<4.3
60s
30s
<10s
6
4,800–38,400
–30 to +70
60s 60s
30s 30s
<10s <10s
2 2
RS-232 (Multi-Use), RS-232, Bluetooth, USB, Bluetooth, SD RS-232 RS-232
4,800–115,200 480 Mbps USB
-40 to +70 0 to +50
Internal w/ Option of External External External
Rover: 4.4 Base Tx UHF: 7 <3 <5
GPS + SBAS + Lband + GLONASS (ER) GPS + SBAS + Lband + GLONASS (ER) GPS + SBAS + Lband + GLONASS (ER) (inc.) Integrated GPS + SBAS + Lband + GLONASS (ER) GPS + SBAS Integrated GPS + SBAS
60s
30s
<10s
2
RS-232, Bluetooth, CAN
10/100 Mbps
-10 to +60
External
<4.6
<55s
<10s
<1s
1 (2)
1 USB 2.0; (2 USB 2.0 with 2nd RF front-end)
-10 to +50
external
<7.5W (<15W with 2nd RF front-end)
<60s
<30s
<1s
1
1 Ethernet
-10 to +50
ext (AC/DC)
90W
Active, external
Monitoring and reference station apps
<35s
<20s
<5s
1
USB, RS232
-10 to +50
int
na
Internal Patch
<35s
<20s
<5s
1
USB, RS232
153.6k (nominal)
–42 to +85
int
na
Internal Patch
<35s
<20s
<5s
1
USB, RS232
9,600 (nominal)
–20 to +70
int
na
Internal Patch
internal Laser range¿nder (100m), compass and camera. For measuring remote positions and dimensions from images internal Laser range¿nder (300m), compass and camera. For measuring remote positions and dimensions from images internal Laser range¿nder (1000m), compass and camera. For measuring remote positions and dimensions from images
120s
35s
5s
2
RS-422, TTL
153.6k (nominal)
–40 to +85
ext
3 (typ)
E
120s
35s
5s
2
Serial RS-232 Serial TTL - CDU (debug)
3 (typ)
E
35s
5s
2
Serial RS-422 Serial TTL - CDU (debug)
Data available upon request as above
ext
120s
Data available upon request as above
ext
3 (typ)
E
Data available upon request as above
Data available upon request as above
Data available upon request as above
3
COM1 ( either RS-232 or CMOS), COM2 (CMOS), DS-101/102, TOD and 1PPS 1 x RS 232 and 2 x CMOS serial ports, DS-101,TOD and 1-10PPS
Input power 3.3 VDC as above
Data available upon request as above
Two active
Fully security approved con¿guration
Passive
as above
3.3
1.5
Passive and Active
–40to +85
3
L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP/G2, and SBAS receiver module L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP/G2 compass receiver module L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP/G2, and SBAS receiver L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP/G2, and SBAS Samrt Antenna GPS and SBAS compass receiver GPS ans SBAS compass receiver with integrated antennas (optional beacon differential) GPS + SBAS + Lband + GLONASS L1/L2 GPS & GLONASS, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP/G2, and (ER) (inc.) SBAS receiver module Active, external Multi-frequency real-time software receiver with heading (dual antenna) feature and external sensor data interface;; includes an external notebook
- 40 to +85 <120s
<60
Data Avaliable on request
8 serial data ports, 2RS - 232 2 SPI ( 7 slaves) 2 SDLC AMRAAM IMU Ports 21 general purpose I/O Extrenal 10MHz input
Data avliable on request <<35 <<35
Data avliable on request 100ms
2
5 x RS - 422 supports SDLC/AMRAAM DS101/102 TOD & 1PPS UARTS up to 115200 Kbps
<<35s
<<35s
100ms
1
UART NMEA 57600 SBAS enabled
<<35s
<<35s
100ms
<<35s
<<35s
100ms
<<35s
<<35s
<<35s
- 40 to +85
4800 NMEA and 57,600 SiRF Binary 4800 NMEA and 57,600 SiRF Binary 4800 NMEA and 57,600 SiRF Binary
–40to +85 3.3
2
Passive
–40to +85
3.0-5V dc
100 mW acquisition, 65 mW tracking
Active direct connect via U.FL or Pin 1 trace
Standard Firmware with -159 dBm tracking mode.
4800 NMEA and 57,600 SiRF Binary
–40to +85
3.0-5V dc
25 mA tracking
Active direct connect via U.FL or Pin 1 trace
Standard Firmware with -159 dBm tracking mode.
2
NMEA 4800, Sirf Binary 57600 MID41 only 4800 NMEA and 57,600 SiRF Binary
–40to +85
3.0-5V dc
25 mA tracking
Active direct connect via U.FL or Pin 1 trace
MID41 only
2
Sirf Binary 57600, NMEA 4800, High Altitude Build 42000 meters
4800 NMEA and 57,600 SiRF Binary
–40to +85
3.0-5V dc
25 mA tracking
Active direct connect via U.FL or Pin 1 trace
High Altitude for Balloons
100ms
2
Sirf Binary 115200, NMEA 57600, 5Hz outpu
4800 NMEA, 57,600 OSP, ROM
–35 to +85
3.0-5V dc
25 mA tracking
Active direct connect via U.FL or Pin 1 trace
True 5Hz output
<<35s
100ms
1
UART NMEA 4800
4800 NMEA, 57,600 OSP - Prog.
–35 to +85
3.0-5V dc
25 mA tracking
SMA tp actoive antennna
USB dongle with external GPS
<<35s
<<8s
100ms
1
SPI,UART,I2C
4800 NMEA, 5,7600 OSP - Prog.
–35 to +85
1.8 V dc
10 mW trickle mode
Ext. passive antenna, surface mount device
Integrated LNA, Low Cost ROM based.
<<35s
<<8s
100ms
1
SPI,UART,I2C
9,600 - 115,200
-45 to +85’
1.8 V dc
10 mW trickle mode
Ext. passive antenna, surface mount device
Integrated LNA, Flashed based,SGEE and CGEE capability
<<35s
<<8s
100ms
1
SPI,UART,I2C
9,600 - 115,200
-45 to +85’
1.8 V dc
10 mW trickle mode
Integrated ceramic Antenna
12 pin connector, fully integrated stand alone GPS with anti jamming, SGEE and CGEE
<45s
<1s
<1s
2
DS101 Key-Port, RS-232, USB, Alarm, 10MHz, 5MHz, 1PPS, LCD port
9,600 - 115,200
-45 to +85’
8.0-36.0 V
<2.7W
5V
SAASM GPS with Y(P) code (Keyed), C/A code, and Chip Scale Cesium Atomic Clock, two NMEA and SCPI ports
<45s
<1s
<1s
2
RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS
9,600 - 115,200
-20 to +85’
11.0-14.0 V
<1.2W
5V
Chip Scale Cesium Atomic Clock with GPS Disciplining, low Size Weight And Power optimized
<45s
<1s
<1s
2
RS-232, USB, Alarm, 10MHz, 5MHz, 1PPS, LCD port
9,600 - 115,200
-20 to +85’
8.0-36.0 V
<1.4W
5V
<45s
<1s
<1s
1
RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS
9,600 - 115,200
-20 to +85’
11.0-14.0 V
<3.5W
5V
<45s
<1s
<1s
1
RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS
9,600 - 115,200
-20 to +85’
11.0-14.0 V
<3.5W
5V
<150s
<40s
<1s
1
RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS
9,600 - 115,200
-20 to +85’
11.0-14.0 V
<4.5W
3.3V or 5V
Chip Scale Cesium Atomic Clock with GPS Disciplining, two NMEA and SCPI ports, and Distribution Ampli¿er with 5 isolated outputs Built-In 10MHz Distribution Ampli¿er, 3-Axis Accelerometer, low-g option Built-In 4-channel 10MHz Distribution Ampli¿er, low vibration sensitivity Rubidium Oscillator Replacement
<150s
<40s
<1s
1
RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS
9,600 - 115,200
-20 to +85’
11.0-14.0 V
<4.5W
3.3V or 5V
Better than 1E-012 stability
<45s <45s <45s <45s
<1s <1s <1s <1s
<1s <1s <1s <1s
1 1 1 1
RS-232, Alarm, 16MHz, 1PPS RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS RS-232, Alarm, 10MHz, 1PPS
9,600 - 115,200 9,600 - 115,200 9,600 - 115,200 9,600 - 115,200
-20 to +85’ -20 to +85’ -20 to +85’ -20 to +85’
8.0-14.0 V 8.0-14.0 V 11.0-14.0 V 11.0-14.0 V
<1.4W <1.4W <3.5W <3.5W
3.3V 3.3V 3.3V 3.3V
Ultra small and light, 16MHz output Ultra small and light GPS Disciplined Oscillator 3D velocity, stability: <1E-011 Mil rugged, stability <1E-011, <3E-010 per-g sensitivity
www.gpsworld.com
January 2013 | GPS World
9
receiver survey 2013 | Sponsored by Time (nanosec)
Position Àx update rate (sec)
1.8 Oz
Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2 <2m RMS
<30ns RMS
1Hz
1.5 x 4 x 1in
1.8 Oz
<2m RMS
<30ns RMS
1Hz
1.07 x 1.42 x 0.5in
0.8 Oz
<2m RMS
<30ns RMS
1Hz
ADLMMETNOTV2
1.07 x 1.42 x 0.5in
0.8 Oz
<2m RMS
<30ns RMS
1Hz
50
ADLMMETNOTV2
3 x 2 x 0.5in
2 Oz
<2m RMS
<30ns RMS
1Hz
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
ADLMMETNOTV2
5.05 x 1.38 x 0.7in
2 Oz
<2m RMS
<15ns RMS
1Hz
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
ADLMMETNOTV2
0.97x0.97x0.5
<1 Oz
<2m RMS
<30ns RMS
1Hz
GPS9 Series: CCA-700
16 channels + search channel
GPS/Galileo/SBAS/Quasi-zenith
16
CHLMNPV2
12.4mm(D) x 12.4mm(W) 0.7g (approx) 2.3m typ;./2.0m typ;./na; (CEP) x 2.5mm(H)
na
1Hz
TRIUMPH-1
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
178 x 96 x 178mm
1700 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
TRIUMPH-VS
216
all in view
1GHLMTNPROMet
178 x 109 x 110mm
1700 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; ; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
TRIUMPH-NT
216
all in view
1GHLMTNPROMet
178 x 100 x 110mm
1700 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
TRUIMPH-4X
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
178 x 93 x 178mm
1850 g
<2m/<0.5m /0.6cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
20Hz
Alpha G3
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
148 x 85 x 35mm
430 g
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
148 x 85 x 35mm
435 g
<2m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/; 3 0.5cm+1.5ppm <2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5ppm 3
100Hz
Alpha G2T Alpha G3T
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
148 x 85 x 35mm
448 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Alpha2-G3
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
148 x 85 x 35mm
430 g
100Hz
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
148 x 85 x 35mm
415 g
3
100Hz
Alpha2-G2T
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
148 x 85 x 35mm
435 g
<2m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/; 0.5cm+1.5 ppm <2m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/; 0.5cm+1.5 ppm <2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
Alpha2-G2
GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B; GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B; GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B; GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B 4x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; 4x Galileo E1/E5A; 4x SBAS L1/L5; 4x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; 4x Compass E1 GPS CA; Galileo E1; GLONASS CA; SBAS L1; QZSS CA/SAIF/L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA; Galileo E1; GLONASS CA; SBAS L1; QZSS CA/SAIF/L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA; Galileo E1; SBAS L1; QZSS CA/SAIF/ L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1
3
100Hz
Alpha2-G3T
216
1AGLMTNPROMet
148 x 85 x 35mm
448 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Delta G2T
216
GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; all in view GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS all in view L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1
1AGLMTNPROMet
109 x 35 x 169mm
394 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Delta G3T
216
1AGLMTNPROMet
109 x 35 x 169mm
401 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Delta-G3TAJ
216
1AGLMTNPROMet
109 x 35 x 169mm
401 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Delta D-G2
216
GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B; all in view GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B; all in view GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B 2x GPS CA; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS all in view CA/SAIF/L1C; 2x Compass E1
1AGLMTNPROMet
109 x 35 x 169mm
414 g
<2m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/; 0.5cm+1.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Delta D-G2D
216
2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 2x Compass E1
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
109 x 35 x 169mm
414 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Delta D-G3D
216
109 x 35 x 169mm
414 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
216
1AGLMTNPROMet
109 x 35 x 169mm
454 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Sigma G2T
216
2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x all in view Glonass CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 2x Compass E1 4x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 4x Galileo E1; 1x all in view Glonass CA/P1/P2/L2C; 4x SBAS L1; 4x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 4x Compass E1 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS all in view L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1
1AGLMTNPROMet
Delta Q-G3D
1AGLMTNPROMet
132 x 61 x 190mm
1270 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Sigma G3T
216
1AGLMTNPROMet
132 x 61 x 190mm
1277 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Sigma G3TAJ
216
1AGLMTNPROMet
132 x 61 x 190mm
1270 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Sigma D-G2
216
GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B; all in view GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B; all in view GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B 2x GPS CA; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS all in view CA/SAIF/L1C; 2x Compass E1
1AGLMTNPROMet
132 x 61 x 190mm
1290 g
<2m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/; 0.5cm+1.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Sigma D-G2D
216
2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 2x Compass E1
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
132 x 61 x 190mm
1290 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Sigma D-G3D
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
132 x 61 x 190mm
1290 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Sigma Q-G3D
216
all in view
1AGLMTNPROMet
132 x 61 x 190mm
1330 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
GISmore
216
all in view
1GORPV
79 x 36 x 131mm
303 g
100Hz
216
all in view
2AGLMTNPROMet
55 x 40 x 13mm
21 g
3
100Hz
TR-G3
216
all in view
2AGLMTNPROMet
57 x 66 x 12mm
34 g
3
100Hz
TR-G2T
216
all in view
2AGLMTNPROMet
57 x 66 x 12mm
34 g
<3m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/; 0.7cm+1.5 ppm <2m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/; 0.5cm+1.5 ppm <2m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/; 0.5cm+1.5 ppm <2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
TR-G2
2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x Glonass CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 2x Compass E1 4x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 4x Galileo E1; 1x Glonass CA/P1/P2/L2C; 4x SBAS L1; 4x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 4x Compass E1 GPS CA; Galileo E1; GLONASS CA; SBAS L1; QZSS CA/SAIF/L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA; Galileo E1; SBAS L1; QZSS CA/SAIF/ L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA; Galileo E1; GLONASS CA; SBAS L1; QZSS CA/SAIF/L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1
3
100Hz
TR-G3T
216
2AGLMTNPROMet
57 x 88 x 12mm
47 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
TRE-G2T
216
GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; all in view GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1 GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A; SBAS all in view L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1
2AGLMTNPROMet
100 x 80 x 14mm
70 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
TRE-G3T
216
2AGLMTNPROMet
100 x 80 x 14mm
77 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
TRE-G3TAJ
216
2AGLMTNPROMet
100 x 80 x 14mm
77 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Duo-G2
216
GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B; all in view GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L5; Galileo E1/E5A/E5B; all in view GLONASS CA/P1/P2/L2C/L3; SBAS L1/L5; QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L5/L1C; Compass E1/E5B 2x GPS CA; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS all in view CA/SAIF/L1C; 2x Compass E1
2AGLMTNPROMet
100 x 80 x 14mm
90 g
<2m/<0.5m /1.5cm+2 ppm/; 0.5cm+1.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Duo-G2D
216
2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 2x Compass E1
all in view
2AGLMTNPROMet
100 x 80 x 14mm
90 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Duo-G3D
216
2x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x Galileo E1; 2x Glonass CA/P1/P2/L2C; 2x SBAS L1; 2x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 2x Compass E1
all in view
2AGLMTNPROMet
100 x 80 x 14mm
90 g
<2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
3
100Hz
Manufacturer
Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
Maximum number of satellites tracked
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
Jackson Labs Technologies, Inc. continued
ULN-2550 25MHz/100MHz/10MHz GPSDO ULN-1100 100MHz GPSDO
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
ADLMMETNOTV2
1.5 x 3.5 x 0.8in
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
ADLMMETNOTV2
EuroCan GPSOCXO 10MHz/16MHz EuroCan GPSTCXO 10MHz/16MHz USB GPSTCXO 10MHz
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
ADLMMETNOTV2
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
50
50 par.
L1, C/A, WAAS, EGNOS, SBAS
Mini-JLT GPSDO
50 par.
LC_XO GPSDO 10MHz
Japan Radio Co., Ltd. www.jrc.co.jp/eng/ JAVAD GNSS www.javad.com
10
GPS World | January 2013
100Hz
www.gpsworld.com
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
Description or Comments
<45s
<1s
<1s
1
RS-232, Alarm, 10/25/50/100MHz, 1PPS
115,200
-20 to +85’
11.0-14.0 V
<3.5W
5V
Adds four 25MHz LVDS outputs (50MHz option), a 100MHz output, and a 10MHz output
<45s
<1s
<1s
1
RS-232, Alarm, 10/100MHz, 1PPS
115,200
-20 to +85’
11.0-14.0 V
<3.5W
5V
<45s
<1s
<1s
1
NMEA-0183, 10MHz
9,600 - 115,200
-20 to +85’
5V
<1W
5V
<45s
<1s
<1s
1
NMEA-0183, 10MHz
9,600 - 115,200
-40 to +80’
5V
<0.6W
5V
<45s
<1s
<1s
1
USB NMEA-0183, 10MHz
9,600 - 115,200
-20 to +75’
5V and USB
<0.6W
5V
<45s
<1s
<1s
2
TTL/USB NMEA-0183, SCPI, 10MHz
9600bps async
-30 to +70
5V
<2.5W
3.3V/5V
<45s
<1s
<1s
1
TTL NMEA-0183, SCPI, 10MHz
-35 to +75
3.3V
<0.55W
5V
35 sec typ.
33 sec typ.
3 sec. typ. (within 5 sec. block out)
1
1 UART
-35 to +75
ext
140mW; @3.3V
Active, Includes Pre-ampli¿er
Galileo:Hardware Ready
<35s
<5s
<1s
2111111
RS232; USB; Ethernet; Wi-Fi; Bluetooth; 1PPS; Event Marker
-35 to +75
ext/int
4.5
I/E
2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE/ CDMA modem
<35s
<5s
<1s
1111111
-35 to +75
ext/int
8
I/E
<35s
<5s
<1s
1111111
-35 to +75
ext/int
7.5
E
<35 s
<5 s
<1 s
21111
USB OTG; USB; Ethernet; Wi-Fi; Bluetooth; 1PPS; Event Marker/Ext. Freq In/Out USB OTG; USB; Ethernet; Wi-Fi; Bluetooth; 1PPS; Event Marker or Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; USB; Ethernet; Wi-Fi; Bluetooth
460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps; 10/100 Mbps; 54 Mps; 2 Mbps 480 Mbps; 480 Mbps; 10/100 Mbps; 54 Mps; 2 Mbps 480 Mbps; 480 Mbps; 10/100 Mbps; 54 Mps; 2 Mbps 480 Mbps; 480 Mbps; 10/100 Mbps; 54 Mps; 2 Mbpsove 460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps; 2 Mbps
3-Axis Accelerometer, 10MHz and 100MHz Ultra Low Phase Noise outputs, low-g option Drop-In replacement for Eurocan OCXO, Form-Fit-Function compatible to standard OCXO footprint Low-Cost drop-In replacement for Eurocan OCXO, NMEA output, fast warmup GPSDO Evaluation unit with USB power and communication, NMEA-0183, 10MHz Disciplined output Trimble™ Mini-T™ Legacy Replacement unit with improved phase noise, ADEV, and wider temp-range, Form-FitFunction compatible Socketable Low Cost GPSDO module with 1 inch square footprint and 10MHz output
460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps; 2 Mbps
-35 to +75
ext/int
6.2
I/E
2048 MB embedded memory, 800x480 colour TFT LCD, 600 MHz processor running WinCE 6.0, removable microSD card, UHF/FH radio,; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem 2048 MB embedded memory, 800x480 colour TFT LCD, 600 MHz processor running WinCE 6.0, removable microSD card, GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem 2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE/ CDMA modem
RS232; USB/RS232; Bluetooth; 1PPS/ IRIG; Event Marker RS232; USB/RS232; Bluetooth; 1PPS/ IRIG; Event Marker RS232; USB/RS232; Bluetooth; 1PPS/ IRIG; Event Marker
460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps; 2 Mbps 460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps; 2 Mbps 460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps; 2 Mbps
-35 to +75
ext/int
1.8
E
256MB memory; GSM/GPRS modem
-35 to +75
ext/int
1.9
E
256MB memory; GSM/GPRS modem
-35 to +75
ext/int
2.6
E
256MB memory; GSM/GPRS modem
RS232; USB/RS232; Bluetooth; 1PPS/ IRIG; Event Marker RS232; USB/RS232; Bluetooth; 1PPS/ IRIG; Event Marker RS232; USB/RS232; Bluetooth; 1PPS/ IRIG; Event Marker
460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps; 2 Mbps 460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps; 2 Mbps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps, 480 Mbps, 10/100 Mbps, 1 Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8kbps,; 460.8kbps,; 480Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2 Mbps,; 1Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8kbps,; 460.8kbps,; 480Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2 Mbps,; 1Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2 Mbps,; 1 Mps 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps,; 480 Mbps,; 10/100 Mbps,; 2 Mbps,; 1 Mps 2 Mbps
-35 to +75
ext
1.6
E
256MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
1.4
E
256MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
1.7
E
256MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
2.4
E
256MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
2.5
E
2048MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
3.4
E
2048MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
4.2
E
2048MB memory; ; In Band Interference Rejection
-35 to +75
ext
2.2
E
2048MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
2.2
E
2048MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
3.9
E
2048MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
5.2
E
2048MB memory
-35 to +75
ext/int
3.3
E
2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem
-35 to +75
ext/int
4.2
E
2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem
-35 to +75
ext/int
5
E
2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem; In Band Interference Rejection
-35 to +75
ext/int
3
E
2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem
-35 to +75
ext/int
3
E
2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem
-35 to +75
ext/int
4.7
E
2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem
-35 to +75
ext/int
6
E
2048MB memory; UHF/FH radio; GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem
-35 to +75
ext/int
1.4
I
GSM/GPRS modem
-35 to +75
ext
1.2
E
256MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
1.4
E
256MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
1.5
E
256MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
2.2
E
256MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
2.5
E
2048MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
3.4
E
2048MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
4.2
E
2048MB memory; ; In Band Interference Rejection
-35 to +75
ext
2.2
E
2048MB memory
-35 to +75
ext
2.2
E
2048MB memory
-40 to +85
ext
3.9
E
2048MB memory
11111 11111 11111
11111 <35s
<5s
<1s
11111 11111
11111
RS232; USB/RS232; Bluetooth; 1PPS/ IRIG; Event Marker
RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; Bluetooth; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; Bluetooth; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; Bluetooth; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; Bluetooth; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; Bluetooth; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; Bluetooth; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. Freq In/Out RS232; RS422; USB; Ethernet; Bluetooth; 460.8 kbps,; 12 Mbps; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG/Ext. 1 Mps Freq In/Out Bluetooth 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps; 12 Mbps; 1 Mps RS232; USB; CAN; 1PPS; Event 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps; 12 Marker; IRIG Mbps; 1 Mps RS232; RS422; USB; CAN; 1PPS; Event 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 kbps; 12 Marker; IRIG Mbps; 1 Mps RS232; RS422; USB; CAN; 1PPS; Event 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 Marker; IRIG kbps; 480 Mbps; 1 Mps; 10/100 Mbps RS232; RS422; USB; CAN; 1PPS; Event 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 Marker; IRIG kbps; 480 Mbps; 1 Mps; 10/100 Mbps RS232; RS232/RS422; USB; CAN; 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet; kbps; 480 Mbps; 1 Mps; Ext. Freq In/Out 10/100 Mbps RS232; RS232/RS422; USB; CAN; 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet; Ext. kbps; 480 Mbps; 1 Mps; Reference; Frequency; input 10/100 Mbps RS232; RS232/RS422; USB; CAN; 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet; kbps; 480 Mbps; 1 Mps; Ext. Freq In/Out 10/100 Mbps RS232; RS232/RS422; USB; CAN; 1PPS; 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet kbps; 480 Mbps; 1 Mps; 10/100 Mbps RS232; RS232/RS422; USB; CAN; 1PPS; 460.8 kbps,; 460.8 Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet kbps; 480 Mbps; 1 Mps; 10/100 Mbps RS232; RS232/RS422; USB; CAN; 1PPS; Up to 115.2 k Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet
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www.gpsworld.com
January 2013 | GPS World
11
RECEIVER SURVEY 2013 | Sponsored by Manufacturer
Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
Maximum number of satellites tracked
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
JAVAD GNSS continued
Quattro-G3D
216
all in view
2AGLMTNPROMet
100 x 120 x 14mm
130 g
John Deere www.JohnDeere.com
StarFire 3000
55 GNSS + 1 StarFire
55 GNSS + 1 StarFire
WP, LNOPR1, Precision Ag
22.3 x 16.5 x 22.3
1.6 kg
Leica Geosystems AG www.leica-geosystems.com
GX1230+ GNSS
120
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2
AGLMNR1
166 x 79 x 212mm
GRX1200+
20
AGLMetORT1
166 x 79 x 212mm
GRX1200+ GNSS
16 L1, 16 L2 16 L5 GPS,; 4 SBAS 120
4x GPS CA/P1/P2/L2C; 4x Galileo E1; 1x Glonass CA/P1/P2/L2C; 4x SBAS L1; 4x QZSS CA/SAIF/L2C/L1C; 4x Compass E1 GPS L1 C/A, L1/L2 P/Y and carrier phase, GLONASS G1 and G2, SP and HP and carrier phase, (L5, L2C, Galileo; ready) GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, SBAS
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2
AGLMetORT1
GR10
120
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2
GR25
120
GMX901
12
GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS L1, C/A code
GMX902 GG
72
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS
GMX902 GNSS
120
GM10
120
PowerAntenna PowerBox
Time (nanosec)
3RVLWLRQ Ă&#x20AC;[ XSGDWH rate (sec)
3
100Hz
2m/0.25m/1cm+1ppm/5mm+1ppm 95%
nr
10Hz (0.1 sec)
1.2 kg
5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5ppm
< 20
20 Hz
1.25 kg
5m/25cm/na/na
< 20
20 Hz
166 x 79 x 212mm
1.25 kg
5m/25cm/na/na
< 20
20 Hz
AGLMetORT1
190 x 78 x 210mm
1.50 kg
5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5ppm
< 20
20 Hz
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2
AGLMetORT1
190 x 78 x 210mm
1.84 kg
5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5ppm
< 20
20 Hz
12
MetOP1
186 x 186 x 60mm
0.7 kg
na/na/na/na
< 20
1 Hz
28
MetOP1
167 x 123 x 40mm
0.8 kg
na/na/na/na
< 20
20 Hz
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2
MetOP1
167 x 123 x 40mm
0.8 kg
na/na/na/na
< 20
20 Hz
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2
AGLMetORT1
190 x 78 x 210mm
1.50 kg
5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5ppm
< 20
20 Hz
72
GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS
28
AGLMNOR1
D 186 x H 90mm
1.6 kg
5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5 ppm
< 20
20 Hz
72
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS
28
AGLMNOR1
190 x 159 x 82mm
2.7 kg
5m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/5mm+0.5 ppm
< 20
20 Hz
iCON gps 60
120
GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS
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AGLMNOR1
197 x 197 x H 130mm
1.45 kg
2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.5ppm
< 20
20 Hz
Viva GS08plus
120
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D 186mm x H 71mm
0.7 kg
2-3m/25cm/10mm+ 1ppm/3mm+ 0.5ppm < 20
5 Hz
120
AGLMNR1
D 186mm x H 89mm
0.95 kg
2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm
< 20
5 Hz
Viva GS10
120
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AGLMNR1
166 x 79 x 212mm
1.20 kg
2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm
< 20
20 Hz
Viva GS14
120
D 190mm x H 119mm
0.93 Kg
2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm
< 20
20 Hz
120
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2 )OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2
AGLMNR1
Viva GS15
AGLMNR1
D 198mm x H 196mm
1.34 kg
2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm
< 20
20 Hz
Viva GS25
120
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AGLMNR1
200 x 94 x 220mm
1.84 kg
2-3m/25cm/10mm+1ppm/3mm+0.1ppm
< 20
20 Hz
Zeno 5
48
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo: E1, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo: E1, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1,L2, L2C, L5, GLONASS: L1, L2, Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, Alt-BOC, Giove A/B (test), Compass, SBAS GPS: L1
AGLMNR1
Viva GS12
48
AGHLMNR1
158mm x 78mm x 38mm
0.375 kg
2-5m/-/-/-
< 20
1 Hz
Zeno 10
14
GPS: L1 code ; GLONASS: L1 Code
14
AGHLMNR1
278mm/102mm/45mm
0.74 kg
2-5m/Sub-meter/-/10mm+2ppm
< 20
5 Hz
Zeno GG03
120
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS
AGLMNR1
D 186mm x H 71mm
0.7 kg
2-5m/40cm/10mm+2ppm/10mm+2ppm
< 20
5 Hz
Zeno CS25 GNSS
120
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, GLONASS: L1, L2, SBAS
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2 )OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2
AGHLMNR1
144 x 242 x 40mm
1.4 kg
2-5m/50cm/10cm/10mm+2ppm
< 20
5 Hz
Microwave Photonic Systems www.b2bphotonics.com
OFW 3478/GPS - RF Fiber Optic Antenna for GPS
ALL Satellites in View
GLONASS, Galileo, GPS L1C/A, L2, L5 GPS
ALL Satellites in View
Ship, Aircraft, & Land Based
12â&#x20AC;? x 10â&#x20AC;? x 6â&#x20AC;?
12 lbs.
~10m /LAAS: <0.5m
<<50 ns
10 Hz PVT, 1 Hz ARINC
NavCom Technology, Inc. www.navcomtech.com
Sapphire
66 par.
L1, L2, L5, G1 & G2 (E1, E5a ready)
66 GNSS; +1 StarFire
DAGLMNPRTV2
4.73 x 3.94 x 0.43in
4oz
2m/45cm+ppm/1cm+0.5ppm/1cm + 0.5ppm)
13ns (1PPS)
1Hz â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 100Hz (user programmable)
SF-3050M
66 par.
L1, L2, L5, G1 & G2 (E1, E5a ready)
66 GNSS; +1 StarFire
DAGLMNPRTV1
6.47 x 4.60 x 2.37in
1.1 lb
as above
13ns (1PPS)
SF-3040
66 par.
L1, L2, L5, G1 & G2 (E1, E5a ready)
66 GNSS; +1 StarFire
DAGLMNPRTV1
8 x 4.36in
3.2lb
as above
13ns (1PPS)
NavSys Corporation www.navsys.com
GNSSÎźSDR
FPGA based Customizable
C/A (+ upgrade to other GNSS)
4+ (Customizable)
ADGHLMNPRST2
FPGA based Customizable
3
Nexteq Navigation Corporation www.nexteqnav.com
T8
50 channels
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
50
GHLOPRVE1
179 X 91 X 31mm
FPGA 10m/1m/0.1m/0.05m based Customizable 250 g 5m/2.5m/ pp <1m
1Hz â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 100Hz (user programmable) 1Hz â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 100Hz (user programmable) 1
na
1Hz
T6
50 channels
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
50
GHLOPRVE1
179 X 91 X 31mm
250 g
<2m/<1m/20cm/20cm
na
1Hz
T5A
12 channels
GPS L1 C/A code, SBAS
12
GHLOPRVE1
215 X 97 X 57mm
700 g
<2m/0.4m/20-2cm/20-2cm
na
1Hz
Stereo
Arch. dependent, FRQÂżJXUDEOH
Arch. Dependent
HNVCMD2
sw baseband
na
~10m/na/na
~50 ns
FRQÂżJXUDEOH 50Hz max
Wave
Arch. dependent, FRQÂżJXUDEOH
Dual frequency: L1/E1/B1/L1OC or L1OF plus L5/E5A/B2 or E5B/L3OC or E6/B3 or L2C/ L2OC or L2OF L1/E1/B1/L1OC, L1OF, L5/E5A/B2, E5B/L3OC, E6/B3, L2C/L2OC, L2OF
Arch. Dependent
GLMMetNR2
sw baseband
na
~10m/na/na
~50 ns
FRQÂżJXUDEOH 50Hz max
1RWWLQJKDP 6FLHQWLĂ&#x20AC;F /WG www.nsl.eu.com
NovAtel www.novatel.com
12
Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2 <2m/<0.5m /1cm+1 ppm/; 0.3cm+0.5 ppm
SABRE
)XOO\ FRQÂżJXUDEOH
L1, L5, L2C, L1OF, L2OF, E1, E5A, E5B
)XOO\ FRQÂżJXUDEOH
ACDGHLMMetNOPRSTV2
na
na
~10m/na/na
~50 ns
FRQÂżJXUDEOH 50Hz max
JINGO
)XOO\ FRQÂżJXUDEOH
L1
)XOO\ FRQÂżJXUDEOH
ACDGHLMMetNOPRSTV2
na
na
~10m/na/na
~50 ns
FRQÂżJXUDEOH 50Hz max
OEM615
120
GPS: L1, L2, L2C,; GLONASS: L1, L2; Galileo: E1; GIOVE-A/GIOVE-B (test); Compass; SBAS
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2 L1, 60 L1/L2
46 x 71 x 11mm
24 g
20
OEM628
120
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2; Galileo: E1, E5; GIOVE-A/GIOVE-B (test); Compass; SBAS; L-band
)OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ ADGLMMetNOPRTV2 L1, 60 L1/L2
60 x 100 x 9.1mm
37 g
50Hz max GNSS only, 200Hz max GNSS + INS 100Hz max GNSS only, 200Hz max GNSS + INS
OEMStar
14
GPS: L1; GLONASS: L1; SBAS
ADGLMMetNOPRTV2
46 x 71 x 13mm
18 g
20
10Hz max
OEMV-3
72
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS; L-band
ADGLMMetNOPRTV2
85 x 125 x 13mm
75 g
50Hz max GPS only, 200Hz max GPS + INS
14
GPS: L1; GLONASS: L1; SBAS
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12
45 x 147 x 113mm
313 g
1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.6m SBAS/0.6m VBS/0.15m XP/0.1m HP/0.01m + 1ppm RT-2/5mm + 1 ppm post processed (All values in Horiz. RMS) See OEMStar model
20
FlexPak-G2-Star
20
10Hz max
FlexPak6
120
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2; Galileo: E1, E5; GIOVE-A/GIOVE-B (test); Compass; SBAS; L-band
FKDQQHOV FRQÂżJXUDEOH between GPS, GLONASS & SBAS 14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6 GPS L5, 12 GLONASS L1, 12 GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS, 1 L-band FKDQQHOV FRQÂżJXUDEOH between GPS, GLONASS & SBAS )OH[LEOH FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ L1, 60 L1/L2
1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.6m SBAS/0.01m + 1ppm RT-2/5mm + 1 ppm post processed (All values in Horiz. RMS) 1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.6m SBAS/0.6m VBS/0.15m XP/0.1m HP/0.01m + 1ppm RT-2/5mm + 1 ppm post processed (All values in Horiz. RMS) 1.5m/0.5m DGPS/0.7m SBAS/
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12
45 x 147 x 113mm
337 g
See OEM628 model
20
100Hz max GNSS only, 200Hz max GNSS + INS
ProPak-V3
72
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS; L-band
14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6 GPS L5, 12 GLONASS L1, 12 GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS, 1 L-band
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12
185 x 160 x 71mm
1.0 kg
See OEMV-3 model
20
50Hz max GPS only, 200Hz max GPS + INS
GPS World | January 2013
20
www.gpsworld.com
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
Description or Comments
<35s
<5s
<1s
221222111
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
ext
5.2
E
2048MB memory
<60s
<50s
<20s
4
RS232; RS232/RS422; USB; CAN; 1PPS; Event Marker; IRIG; Ethernet; Ext. Freq In/Out 1xCAN/ 3xRS232
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
9 to 26 V DC
7.2
Internal dipole, Ext
50s
35s
0.5s
4
4 RS-232, 1 Power, 1 TNC, 1 PPS Out,2 Event-Optional
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
ext/int
3.2
AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring
Integrated 6-axis terrain compensation, proprietary RTKExtend operating mode, compatibility with space-based differential corrections network (StarFire) Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver.
50s
35s
0.5s
5
–40 to +65
ext/int
3.2
35s
0.5s
5
–40 to +65
ext/int
3.2 to 3.9
AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring
Permanent dual frequency GPS receiver w/ Ethernet.
50s
4 RS-232; 2 power; 1 TNC, Ethernet, PPS, 2,400–115,200 ext osc, event 4 RS-232; 2 power; 1 TNC, Ethernet, PPS, 2,400–115,200 ext osc, event
50s
35s
0.5s
5
1 (2 port) power, 1 RS-232, UART, USB, TNC, Ethernet, ext osc
4800 – 115’200
–40 to +65
ext
3.1 to 3.5
AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring
Permanent triple frequency GNSS receiver w/ Ethernet.
50s
35s
0.5s
7
2,400–230,400
–40 to +65
ext/int
3.1 to 3.3
AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring
Permanent triple frequency GNSS receiver w/ Ethernet.
<120 s *
<45 s*
<10 s
1
1 (2 port) power, 2 RS-232, 1 UART, 2 USB, 1 Ethernet, 1 bluetooth (plus TNC, PPS, event, Oscillator) 1 LEMO-1 connector, 8 pin
2,400–230,400
–40 to +65
ext
1.7
50s
35s
0.5s
2
2 RS-232, 2 Power, 1 TNC, 1 PPS output
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
ext
1.7
Single frequency GPS smart antenna for structural monitoring Dual frequency GNSS receiver for structural monitoring
50s
35s
0.5s
2
2 RS-232, 2 Power, 1 TNC, 1 PPS output
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
ext
1.7
Integrated Leica AT501 microstrip antenna with built-in groundplane AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring
50s
35s
0.5s
5
1 (2 port) power, 1 RS-232, UART, USB, TNC, Ethernet, ext osc
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
ext
3.1 to 3.5
AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring
Permanent triple frequency GNSS receiver w/ Ethernet for monitoring
50s
35s
0.5s
1
–40 to +60
ext/int
3.8
Internal
35s
0.5s
5
2,400–115,200
–30 to +60
ext
3.8
MNA1202 GG
Dual frequency RTK GNSS receiver for site survey and machine navigation Dual frequency RTK GNSS machine navigation receiver
50s
35 s
0.5s
6
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
ext/int
6.0
Internal or external (e.g. MNA1202 GG)
Triple frequency construction RTK GNSS receiver; including build in Display and Keyboard; external GNSS antenna support to be used on a construction machine
50s
35s
0.5s
2
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
ext/int
2.0
Internal
Dual frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
50s
35s
0.5s
2
1 RS-232/Power in, 1x RS422/Power in, Bluetooth 2 RS-232, 1 Power/RS-232, 1 RS232/ RS422, 2 CAN, 1 TNC 1 combined RS-232/PWR in/PWR out, 1 USB Host, 1 UART &USB, 1 TNC, 1 QN, 1 Bluetooth; 1 USB Host; 1 UART&USB; 1 Bluetooth Combined (RS-232, Power, USB), 1 Bluetooth Combined (RS-232, Power, USB), 1 Bluetooth
2,400–115,200
50s
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
ext/int
1.8
Internal
Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
50s
35s
0.5s
4
2 RS-232, 1 Combined (RS-232, USB), 1 Power, 1 TNC, 1 Bluetooth
2,400–115,200
–40 to +65
ext/int
3.2
AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring
Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
50s
35s
0.5s
2
–40 to +65
ext/int
2.0
Internal
Dual frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
35s
0.5s
4
1 RS-232, 1 combined (RS-232, Power, USB), 1 UART &USB, 1 Bluetooth 1 RS-232, 1 combined (RS-232, Power, USB), 1 UART &USB, 1 Bluetooth
2,400–115,200
50s
2,400–115,200
–10 to +50
ext/int
3.2
Internal
Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
50s
35s
0.5s
8
ext/int
3.4
AR10/AS10 triple frequency or AR25/AR20 choke ring
Triple frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
<120 s *
<35 s*
<10 s
2
2 RS-232, 1 Combined (RS-232, USB), 1 UART &USB, 1 PPS, 2 Event, 1 Mini USB, 1 Power, 1 TNC, 1 Bluetooth 1 Bluetooth, 1 USB (SnapOn module)
Triple frequency GNSS receiver for structural monitoring
ext/int
1.3
Internal
Single Frequency Handheld GPS receiver
2,400–115,200 2,400–115,200 2,400–115,200
–40 to +65 –40 to +65 –23 to +60
ext/int
2.5
Internal/External
Single Frequency Handheld GNSS receiver
100 Kbps ARINC
–55 to +80
ext/int
2.0
Internal
Dual frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
-40 to +85
ext/int
7-10
Internal/External
Dual frequency geodetic and RTK GNSS receiver
-40 to +70
ext
14W
Active, RTCA DO-228 Change 1 compliant
ARINC-743 Compliant sensor
-40 to +70
ext
6W typical
Crossed dipole (ER)
Latest generation of John Deere technology
FPGA based Customizable I10 to +60
ext
<4W
Crossed dipole (ER)
Integrated StarFire/RTK Extend multi-frequency receivers
hot swappable batteries FPGA based Customizable
<4W
Crossed dipole (ER)
Integrated StarFire/RTK Extend multi-frequency receivers
FPGA based Customizable
Selectable
<120 s *
<35 s*
<10 s
4
50s
35s
0.5s
2
50s
35s
0.5s
5
<<75 s
<20 s
<1 s
1
8 I/P, 3 O/P ARINC H/L,; 1 RS-232
<60 s
<50 s
<20 s
5
2 x RS232 (1 con¿gurable to RS422); 1 x USB 2.0 (host or device); 1 x Ethernet (10T/100T); 1 x Bluetooth
<60 s
<50 s
<20 s
5
as above
<60 s
<50 s
<20 s
5
as above
RS232: 9.6kbps – 115kbps; USB: up to 12Mbps; Ethernet: up to 100Mbps; Bluetooth: up to 230.4kbps RS232: 9.6kbps – 115kbps; USB: up to 12Mbps; Ethernet: up to 100Mbps; Bluetooth: up to 230.4kbps RS232: 9.6kbps – 115kbps; USB: up to 12Mbps; Ethernet: up to 100Mbps; Bluetooth: up to 230.4kbps FPGA based Customizable 300-115,200
15mn max
30 sec
<10s
FPGA based Customizable
FPGA based - Customizable
300-115,200
I10 to +60
29s
29s
<1s
2
USB/Blue tooth
300-115,200
I20 to +60
battery/ext.USB
0.5W with the GPS on
intertnal/external
26s
26s
<1s
2
USB/Blue tooth
Fully con¿gurable
battery/ext USB
0.5W with the GPS on
intertnal/external
60s
45s
<1s
2
USB/Blue tooth
Fully con¿gurable
battery/ext USB
<2W
intertnal/external
<40s
<35s
<2s
Arch. dependent
IP, USB
Fully con¿gurable
ext
Arch. dependent
E
<40s
<35s
<2s
Arch. dependent
IP, USB, LVDS
Fully con¿gurable
ext
Arch. dependent
E
<40s
<35s
<2s
Fully con¿gurable
Fully con¿gurable
300 to 921,600 bps;; 1 Mbps; 12 Mbps
-40 to +85
na
na
na
<40s
<35s
<2s
Fully con¿gurable
Fully con¿gurable
-40 to +85
na
na
na
50s
35s
0.5s
6
3 x LV-TTL, 2 x CAN, 1 x USB2.0
300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to 921,600 bps;; 1 Mbps; 12 Mbps; 10/100 Mbps 300 to 230,400 bps; 12 Mbps
-40 to +85
3.3 V DC
1W (typical)
Active (E)
50s
35s
0.5s
7
1 x RS-232 or RS-422, 2 x LV-TTL, 2 x CAN, 1 x USB2.0, 1 x Ethernet
-40 to +85
3.3 V DC
1.3W (typical)
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE, PDP, RAIM, ALIGN and SPAN software features available
65s
35s
<1.0s
3
2 x LV-TTL; 1 x USB2.0
300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to 230,400 bps; 1 Mbps; 5 Mbps 300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to 230,400 bps;; 12 Mbps
-40 to +85
3.15 to 5.25 VDC
0.36W GPS; 0.45W GLONASS
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; GL1DE and PDP software features available
60s
35s
0.5s
6
1 x RS-232 or RS-422; 1 x RS-232 or LVTTL; 1 x LV-TTL; 2 x CAN, 1 x USB1.1
300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to 921,600 bps;; 12 Mbps; 1 Mbps; 10/100 Mbps
-40 to +75
4.5 to 18 VDC
2.1W (typical)
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE, PDP, ALIGN, and SPAN software features available
65s
35s
<1.0s
3
1 x RS-232; 1 x RS-232 or RS-422, 1 x USB1.1
-40 to +75
6 to 18 V DC
0.6W (typical);
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; GL1DE and PDP software features available
50s
35s
0.5s
5
1 x RS-232, 1 x RS-232 or RS-422, 1 x USB2.0, 1 x CAN, 1 x Ethernet
-40 to +75
6 to 36 V DC
1.8W (typical)
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE, PDP, RAIM, ALIGN and SPAN software features available
60s
35s
0.5s
4
3 x RS-232 or 2 x RS-422 plus 1 x RS232; 1 x USB1.1
300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to 230,400 bps; 300 to 230,400 bps; 5 Mbps 300 to 921,600 bps; 300 to 230,400 bps; 300 to 230,400 bps; 5 Mbps, 10/100 Mbps 300 to 921,600 bps; 12 Mbps; 10/100 Mbps
-40 to +65
6 to 18 V DC ;
2.8 W typical
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE, PDP, ALIGN, and SPAN software features available
www.gpsworld.com
1 Bluetooth, Wireless LAN, 1 RS-232, 1 Combined (RS-232, USB) Combined (RS-232, Power, USB), 1 Bluetooth 2 USB, 1 RS-232, LAN, Power, 1 Bluetooth
Permanent triple frequency GNSS receiver w/ Ethernet.
Rugged and ready-to-use handheld with GIS data collection SW RTK, i-PPP data service, Post processing,GIS data collection SW preinstalled RTK, i-PPP data service, Post processing ,GIS data collection SW preinstalled Dual frequency GNSS front end to be used with, for example, software de¿ned radio GNSS receiver. Stereo contains two Front Ends (with common clock). Multiple frequency direct bandpass GNSS front end to be used with, for example, software de¿ned radio GNSS receiver. Pure SW receiver for GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO. Single or combined constellations. Snap-shot, kalman ¿ltering, PPP positioning. Real-time or post-processing on digital IF. SW GPS receiver for detection of GPS SPS SIGNAL INTERFERENCE. Uses pre-correlation, correlation and post-correlation techniques. RoHS-compliant; RT-2, GL1DE, PDP, RAIM, ALIGN and SPAN software features available
January 2013 | GPS World
13
RECEIVER SURVEY 2013 | Sponsored by Manufacturer
Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
Maximum number of satellites tracked
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
NovAtel continued
DL-V3
72
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS; L-band
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12
185 x 163 x 76mm
SE
72
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS; L-band
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12
GPStation-6
120
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2; Galileo: E1, E5; GIOVE-A/GIOVE-B (test); Compass; SBAS
14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6 GPS L5, 12 GLONASS L1, 12 GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS, 1 L-band 14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6 GPS L5, 12 GLONASS L1, 12 GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS, 1 L-band 40 L1/L2/L5
SMART-AG
36
GPS: L1; GLONASS: L1; SBAS
14 GPS L1; 12 GLO L1; 2 SBAS
SMART-MR10
72
GPS: L1, L2; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS; L-band
SMART-MR15
72
GPS: L1, L2; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS; L-band
NVS Technologies AG www.nvs-gnss.com
ORCA Technologies, LLC www.orcatechnologies.com
Precise Time and Frequency, Inc. ZZZ SW¿QF FRP
Time (nanosec)
3RVLWLRQ À[ XSGDWH rate (sec)
1.3 kg
Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2 See OEMV-3 model
20
50Hz max
200 x 248 x 76mm
3.4 kg
See OEMV-3 model
20
20Hz max
ALMetOT12
235 x 154 x 71mm
1.4 kg
1.2m
20
50Hz max
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12
155mm diameter x 68mm height
500 g
20
20Hz max
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 12 GLONASS L1, 12 GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS, 1 L-band ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 12 GLONASS L1, 12 GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS, 1 L-band )OH[LEOH FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ ADGLMMetNOPRTV12 L1, 60 L1/L2
233 x 232 x 89mm
1.9 kg
1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.8m SBAS/0.2m RT-20/0.02m + 1ppm RT-2 L1TE/ 5mm + 1 ppm post processed (All values in Horiz. RMS) See OEMV-3 model
20
20Hz max
233 x 233 x 90mm
2.1 kg
See OEMV-3 model
20
20Hz max
20
20Hz max GNSS only, 200Hz max GNSS + INS 20Hz max GPS only, 100Hz max GPS + INS 20Hz max GPS only, 200Hz max GPS + INS 20Hz max GNSS only, 200Hz max GNSS + INS
SPAN MEMS Enclosure
120
GPS: L1, L2, L2C; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS
152 x 137 x 50.5mm
640g
SPAN-CPT
72
GPS: L1, L2, L2C; SBAS; L-band
14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 2 SBAS, 1 L-band
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12
152 x 168 x 89mm
2.36 kg
1.2m/0.4m DGPS/0.6m SBAS/0.01m + 1ppm RT-2/5mm + 1 ppm post processed (All values in Horiz. RMS) See OEMV-3 model
20
SPAN-MPPC
72
GPS: L1, L2, L2C; SBAS; L-band
14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 2 SBAS, 1 L-band
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12
85 x 125 x 27mm
75g
See OEMV-3 model
20
SPAN-SE
72
GPS: L1, L2, L2C, L5; GLONASS: L1, L2; SBAS; L-band
ADGLMMetNOPRTV12
200 x 248 x 76mm
3.4 kg
See OEMV-3 model
20
NV08C-MCM
32 par., All-in-view
GPS L1 C/A code, GLONASS L1, SBAS L1,; QZSS, GALILEO E1, COMPASS (BeiDou) L1
14 GPS L1, 14 GPS L2, 6 GPS L5, 12 GLONASS L1, 12 GLONASS L2, 2 SBAS, 1 L-band 32
A, C, G, H, L, M, N, R, V, 2
9 x 12 x 1.5mm
1g
RMS:<2.5m/<1m/na
25 ns
1, 2, 5, 10Hz
NV08C-CSM
32 par., All-in-view
GPS L1 C/A code, GLONASS L1, SBAS L1, QZSS, GALILEO E1, COMPASS (BeiDou) L1
32
A, C, G, H, L, M, N, R, T, V, 2
20 x 26 x 2.5mm
5g
RMS:<1.5m/<1m/na
15 ns
1, 2, 5, 10Hz
NV08C-Mini PCI-E
32 par., All-in-view
GPS L1 C/A code, GLONASS L1, SBAS L1, QZSS, GALILEO E1, COMPASS (BeiDou) L1
32
A, C, D, G, H, L, M, N, R, V, 2 30 x 50.95 x 4.2mm
7g
RMS:<1.5m/<1m/na
15 ns
1, 2, 5, 10Hz
GS-101
12 parallel channels
GPS L1 C/A code
12
Time, Frequency, Position Static or Mobile
3.07 x 1.06 x 4.72in
1 lb
<9m 90%/2m CEP 50%/na/na
<100ns
1 second
GS-102
12 parallel channels
GPS L1 C/A code
12
Time, Frequency, Position Static or Mobile
4.06 x 2.09 x 4.72in
1 lb
<9m 90%/2m CEP 50%/na/na
<100ns
1 second
ORCA637VME
12 parallel channels
GPS L1 C/A code
12
1 lb
<9m 90%/2m CEP 50%/na/na
<100ns
1 second
12
L1, C/A
12
Time, Frequency, Position Static or Mobile LOT1
6U x 160mm
3203A GlobalTyme
19 x 1.75 x 12in
<10 lb
<25m/nr/nr/nr
20
1
3204A GlobalTyme
12
L1, C/A
12
LOT1
19 x 3.5 x 12in
<10 lb
<25m/nr/nr/nr
20
1
3203AB Mobile
12
L1, C/A
12
LOT1
19 x 1.75 x 12in
<10 lb
<25m/nr/nr/nr
60
1
3203A SAASM
12
L1, C/A, p(y) code
12
LOT1
19 x 1.75 x 12in
<10 lb
<25m/nr/nr/nr
40
1
3203A WiMax
12
L1, C/A
12
LOT1
19 x 1.75 x 12in
<10 lb
<25m/nr/nr/nr
20
1
3223A NetTyme
12
L1, C/A
12
LOT1
19 x 1.75 x 12in
<10 lb
<25m/nr/nr/nr
20
1
3225A NetTyme 3207A GlobalTyme
12 12+12(optional)
L1, C/A L1, C/A
12 12+12(opt)
LOT1 LOT1
7 x 1.75 x 9in 19 x 1.75 x 16in
<5 lb <10 lb
<25m/nr/nr/nr <25m/nr/nr/nr
20 20
1 1
3208A GlobalTyme
12+12(optional)
L1, C/A
12+12(opt)
LOT1
19 x 3.5 x 16in
<10 lb
<25m/nr/nr/nr
20
1
Racelogic www.labsat.co.uk
LabSat; RLLSR01
All in View
GPS L1 C/A Code
All in View
ACDGHLMNOTV1
17.0 x 12.8 x 3.8cm
750 g
1.5m/na/na
50 ns; (RMS)
16.368 MHz
LabSat; RLLSR02-GNL1
All in View
All in View
ACDGHLMNOTV1
17.0 x 12.3 x 4.6cm
750 g
1.5m/na/na
50 ns; (RMS)
16.368 MHz
Rockwell Collins www.rockwellcollins.com/gs/
MPE–S, Miniature Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver (PLGR) Engine (SAASM) Type II Polaris Link, miniature GPS receiver engine (SPS) MicroGRAM
12
ADLMNTV2
2.45 x 0.285 x 1.76in
0.75 oz
<4m CEP (WAGE), <2m (SDGPS)
<100
1
12
ADLMNTV2
GPS L1 C/A Code, Galileo E1, GLONASS L1, Compass B1 12 channels parallel, L1, C/A and P or Y Code; L2, P or Y Code dual frequency
12 channels
L1, C/A
12 channels parallel, L1, C/A and P or Y Code; L2, P or Y Code dual frequency L1, C/A, P or Y–code; L2, P–code or Y–code NavStorm+, Integrated GPS- 12/24 par. AJ System w/Digital Nulling, Gun Hard, SAASM-Based 12/24 par. as above NavStrike-24–Munitions GPS Embedded Module, SAASM-Based IGAS, Integrated GPS-AJ 24 par. as above System w/ Digital Nulling and Beam-forming, SAASMBased DAGR (Defense Adv. GPS 12 channel, parallel, as above Receiver) SAASM-Based dual frequency Micro DAGR (Defense Adv. 12 channel, parallel L1, C/A and P or Y code GPS Receiver) SAASM Based Polaris Guide ; handheld 12 Channel L1, C/A GPS receiver (SPS) GPS Embedded Module 12/24 L1, C/A, P or Y code, L2, P–code or Y–code (GEM) Airborne SAASM 12/24 Channel L1, C/A, P or Y code, L2, P–code or Y–code Reciever 3.3
Septentrio www.septentrio.com
14
2.45 x 0.6 x 3.4in
2.5 oz
<2m (SDGPS)
<100
1
1.0” x 1.25” x 0.275”
0.25 oz
<100
1
30
1–25 dependent on aiding
all in view
ADLNO2
2.62 Dia x 0.9in
<0.5 lb
DGPS: <2m CEP; WAGE <4m CEP; PPS <12m CEP <8m SEP/na/<16m SEP
all in view
ADNS2
3.5 x 3.0 x 0.75in
<0.5 lb
na/3.7m/nr
30
1–25 dependent on aiding
all in view
ADNS2
4.35 x 5.15 x 0.9in
<2 lb
na/2m typ./nr
30
1–25 dependent on aiding
all in view
ADGHLMNPTV1
6.4 x 3.5 x 1.6in, 25cu in 3.9 x 2.6 x 1.4in
<5.1m Horiz 95% (WAGE), <2.4m Horiz 95% (DGPS) <18.1m Horiz 95%
1
ADHLMNPT1
15 oz. with batteries 6.5 oz with; L91 batteries
<52 (95%)
all in view
8QYHUL¿HG DV of this date
1
all in view
ADGHLMNPTV1
6.4 x 3.5 x 1.6in, 25cu in
<52 (95%)
1
ADLMNPRSTV1
5.88 x 5.7 x 0.57
15 oz. w/ batteries <0.8 lb
<2.4m Horiz 95% (DGPS)
all in view
na/2m typ./nr
30
all in view
4.9” W x 3.2” H x 0.80”
<0.6 lb
PPS:<5.6m RMS horizontal SPS:<6m RMS horizontal
1–25 dependent on aiding 4-25 dependent on aiding
all in view
8.0” W x 2.27” H x 12.0”
<11lbs
PPS: <5m SEP; SPS: <6m horizontal
PPS:<30 nanoseconds RMS; SPS:<45 nanoseconds RMS <100 nanoseconds
DIGAR
24 channel
4 Element GPS Anti-jam Antenna Electronics AsteRx-m OEM
4 Channel
L1, C/A, P or Y–code; L2, P–code or Y–code
na All in view (GPS/GLONASS) ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2
AiRx2
64 par
GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A and P-code & CP; L2, P-code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS GPS L1; (GPS L5 and GAL L1-E5a ready)
17cm (W) x 20cm (L) x 5cm (H) 70x48mm
<5lbs
136 par.
All in view GPS (GAL ready) A
61 x 100 x 13.5mm
<100gr
GPS World | January 2013
L1, C/A, P or Y code, L2, P–code or Y–code
12; All in view
40g
na 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm 5m (95%)/3m (95%)
Unaided: once-persecond pseudorange based, delta range based, 10 Hz na
10sec
25Hz
50 ns (95%)
20Hz
www.gpsworld.com
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
Description or Comments
60s
35s
0.5s
6
3 x RS-232 or 2 x RS-422 plus 1 x RS-232; USB1.1, Ethernet, Bluetooth, Compact Flash card drive
9,600 to 230,400 bps; 12 Mbps
-40 to +65
9 to 28 V DC
3.5 W typical
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE, PDP, and ALIGN software features available
60s
35s
0.5s
10
300 to 460,800 bps;; 1 Mbps
-40 to +75
9 to 28 VDC
10W (typical)
Active (E) (dual antenna input optional)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE, PDP, and ALIGN software features available
60s
35s
0.5s
4
4 x RS-232 or RS-422; 1 x UART COM Port; 1 x USB 2.0 Host; 1 x USB 2.0 Device; 1 x Ethernet; 1 x SD card drive; 1 x IMU Connection 3 x RS-232 or RS-422, 1 x USB2.0
300 to 230,400 bps; ; 1 Mbps;
-40 to +70
4.5 to 18 V DC
6W (typical)
Active (E)
60s
35s
0.5s
4
2 x RS-232; 1 x CAN NMEA2000; 1 x Bluetooth (optional)
300 to 230,400 bps; ; 1 Mbps;
-40 to +65
8 to 36 V DC
2.5W (typical)
Patch
Multi-frequency multi-constellation GNSS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM); receiver. Provides 50Hz phase and amplitude scintillation measurements (S4, σф), TEC and TEC phase. RoHS-compliant; RT-2 L1TE, GL1DE, and ALIGN software features available
65s
35s
0.5s
6
1 x RS-232 or RS-422; 2 x RS-232; 1 x CAN NMEA2000; 1 x Bluetooth; 1 x Emulated Radar
300 to 921,600 bps; 1 Mbps; 12 Mbps
-40 to +65
9 to 36 VDC
3.7W (typical)
Pinwheel
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE, PDP, and ALIGN software features available
65s
35s
0.5s
6
300 to 921,600 bps; 1 Mbps; 5 Mbps
-40 to +65
9 to 36 VDC
4.5W (typical)
Pinwheel
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP, GL1DE, PDP, and ALIGN software features available
50s
35s
0.5s
4
1 x RS-232 or RS-422; 1 x RS-232; 1 x CAN NMEA2000; 1 x Bluetooth; 1 x Ground speed output, 1 x GPRS/HSDPA or CDMA radio 1 x RS-232; 1 x RS-232 UART COM Port; 1 x CAN; 1 x USB1.1
300 to 921,600 bps; 12 Mbps; 10/100 Mbps
-40 to +85
10 to 30 VDC
TBD
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2 software features available
60s
35s
0.5s
4
2 x RS-232 UART COM Port; 1 x CAN; 1 x USB1.1
300 to 921,600 bps; 12 Mbps; 10/100 Mbps
-40 to +65
9 to 18 VDC
15W (max)
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, and OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP software features available
60s
35s
0.5s
9
up to 230 400 bps
-30 to +85 °C
9 to 30 VDC
8W (typical)
Active (E)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, and OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP software features available
60s
35s
0.5s
10
up to 230 400 bps
-40 to +85 °C
9 to 28 VDC
10W (typical)
Active (E) (dual antenna input optional)
RoHS-compliant; RT-2, and OmniSTAR VBS/HP/XP software features available
30s
30s
<1s
2
4 x RS-232 or RS-422; 1 x UART COM Port; 1 x USB 2.0 Host; 1 x USB 2.0 Device; 1 x Ethernet; 1 x IMU Connection 4 x RS-232 or RS-422; 1 x UART COM Port; 1 x USB 2.0 Host; 1 x USB 2.0 Device; 1 x Ethernet; 1 x SD card drive; 1 x IMU Connection 2xUART; 2xSPI; 1xTWI (I2C compatible); 1PPS
up to 230 400 bps
-40 to +85 °C
ext.
Active & Passive (auto-switching current detector)
In-car & PNDs, asset & personal tracking, Telematics & antitheft, surveillance & security + other mobile applications/AGNSS, dead reckoning & raw data output
25s
25s
<1s
2
2xUART; 1xSPI; 1xTWI (I2C compatible); 1PPS
9600 bps - 115200 bps
0 to 50
ext.
Active
25s
25s
<1s
1/NMEA (default) or binary protocol
PCI-Express standard bus/virtual COM port device
9600 bps - 115200 bps
0 to 50
ext.
150mW (GNSS)/100mW (GPS)/20mW (GNSS)/16mW (GPS)/5mW (Sleep mode) 180mW (GNSS)/120mW (GPS)/24mW (GNSS)/18mW (GPS)/5mW (Sleep mode) 200mW (GNSS)/140mW (GPS)/0.4mA (Sleep mode)
<20min
<1min
<1s
3
2 serial/1 USB
0 to 50
external
30 mw
active
<20min
<1min
<1s
3
2 serial/1 USB
1,200–57,600
0 to +50
external
30 mw
active
<20min
<1min
<1s
1,200–57,600
0 to +50
bus
active
Fleet mgmt, Telematics & anti-theft, in-car & PNDs, asset and personal tracking, surveillance & security/LTE, WiMAX, Wi-Fi & cell. base station timing/A-GNSS, dead reckoning, raw data output/Flash memory + power mgmt Rugged notebook PCs, tablets & handheld computers. Telematics & marine navigation. Surveillance, security and public safety. GIS, survey, machine control & PrecisionAg/AGNSS, dead reckoning, raw data output/Flash memory + power mgmt.; Small portable GPS Receiver providing IRIG time, pulse rates, event capture and position over serial and USB ports. Can be portable with optional battery. Small portable GPS Receiver providing IRIG time, pulse rates, event capture and position over serial and USB ports. Powered by external supply or internal rechargeable battery. VME Time & Frequency Processor
<20min
<5min
1s
2
RS-232, 100baseT
1,200–57,600
0 to +50
<10
35 dBi, 5 V DC
Multiple frequency outputs, IRIG B, Low phase noise
<20min
<5min
1s
2
RS-232, 100baseT
1,200–57,600
0 to +50
<10
35 dBi, 5 V DC
as above
<20min
<5min
1s
2
RS-232, 100baseT
1,200–57,600
0 to +50
<10
35 dBi, 5 V DC
Multiple frequency outputs, IRIG B, Low phase noise
<20min
<5min
5s
2
RS-232, 100baseT
1,200–57,600
0 to +50
<10
35 dBi, 5 V DC
Multiple frequency outputs, IRIG B, Low phase noise
<20min
<5min
1s
2
RS-232, 100baseT
1,200–57,600
0 to +50
<10
35 dBi, 5 V DC
3x10MHz sine (low phase noise) + 3 x 1PPS TTL outputs,
<20min
<5min
1s
2
RS-232, 100baseT
1,200–57,600
0 to +50
<10
35 dBi, 5 V DC
1PPS, IRIG B, NTP
<20min <20min
<5min <5min
1s 1s
2 2
RS-232, 100baseT RS-232, 100baseT
1,200–57,600 na
0 to +50 0 to +50
<10 <10
35 dBi, 5 V DC 35 dBi, 5 V DC
<20min
<5min
1s
2
RS-232, 100baseT
na
0 to +50
<10
35 dBi, 5 V DC
1PPS, NTP Multiple frequency outputs, IRIG B, Low phase noise, Multiple input options, dual receiver engines (optional) as above
na
na
na
3
2 x SMA , 1 x USB
Variable
–40 to +85
Internal 90–264 AC Internal 90–264 AC Internal 90–264 AC Internal 20 70VDC (optional) Internal 90–264 AC Internal 90–264 AC 20 - 70VDC (optional) Internal 90–264 AC 15V DC Internal 90–264 AC Internal 90–264 AC 8V to 30V DC
5.8W; (Max)
Active
RF Record and Replay for GPS L1 C/A Code, Galileo E1
na
na
na
3
3 x SMA , 2 x USB
Variable
–40 to +85
8V to 30V DC
7.0W; (Max)
Active
<100s typical
<60s typical
<8s for; <10s typical
3
RS-232, CMOS, Crypto (DS-101 and DS102), HVQK, 1PPS, NMEA, ant.
Variable
–40 to +85
ext
0.7 W operating, 4 mW keep–alive
active remote (E)
RF Record and Replay for GPS L1, Galileo E1, GLONASS L1, Compass B1 U.S. Army standard; GB-GRAM; backward compatible
3
RS-232, CMOS, HVQK, 1PPS, NMEA, ant. Two independent serial ports (full duplex CMOS), 1 PPS, DS-101 and DS-102, ant. DS-101, 1PPS, 10PPS input, antenna(s)
9,600–230,400
–54 to +85
ext
SPS version of MPE-S/GB-GRAM; backward compatible
–54 to +85
ext
active remote (E)
9,600–230,400
–54 to +85
ext
0.7 W operating, 4 mW keep–alive <0.5 W operating, <0.3 mW Keep alive <2W
active remote (E)
9,600–230,400
The worlds smallest, lightest , lowest powered SAASMbased GPS receiver in the world 2-card GPS-AJ system with 2-element digital nulling; 20k-Gee hardened, Deep Integration capable
Active & Passive (auto-switching current detector)
<100s typical
<60s typical
<110s typical
<90s typical
<20s
2
<60s
<8s
<15s
nr
<60s
<8s
<15s
nr
RS-422, RS-232, DS-102, DS-101, HVQK, Variable 1PPs, antenna
–32 to +70
ext
<4 W acquisition, <3 W tracking
passive (E)
Updated NavStrike GPS receiver using same form-factor, interfaces
<60s
<8s
<15s
nr
RS-422, DS-102, DS-101, HVQK, 1PPs, antenna (4)
Variable
-20 to +60
ext
<12 W continuous
active remote, 4-element (E)
2-card integrated GPS-AJ system with 4-element RF interface
<100s
<70s
<15s for <15min
3
RS-232, RS-422; radio, crypto, HVQK, 1 PPS, 10 PPS, SINCGARS, ant. RS-232, key¿ll, external power
Variable
–32 to +70 –54 to +85
ext 9–32 V DC/intl < 0.7 W tracking, < 1.5 W 4 AA batteries acquisition Intl 2 AA batteries Unveri¿ed as of this date
active integral or active remote (E)
Variable
THE handheld GPS receiver used by the US Army and other services. Proven with over 450K units delivered. SAASM-based, small, light-weight, portable 12-channel allin-view, with commercial style graphical user interface
Unveri¿ed as of <25s this date
Unveri¿ed as of this date 1
<100s
<70s
<15s for <15min
3
<60s
<10s
<15s
nr
<60s
<10s
<15s
nr
<60s
<10s
<15s
na
na
<45s
<15s (after reset)
<75s
RS-232, RS-422; radio, HVQK, 1 PPS, 10 variable PPS, SINCGARS, ant. RS-232, RS-422, DS-102, DS-101, HVQK, up to 921kbaud 1PPs, DP RAM RS-232, RS-422, DS-102, DS-101, 9600-230400 HVQK, 1PPs
-54° to +85°
4
Dual redundant, RS-422 interfaces as SHCI buses; 1553; DS101/102; HVQK
na
2
<1s
3,1,1,1
<3s
4
www.gpsworld.com
passive, 2-element (E)
integral
ext 9–32 V DC/intl < 0.7 W tracking, < 1.5 W 4 AA batteries acquisition ext <3 W
active integral or active remote (E)
-40°C to +71°C
active or passive
Small, light-weight, portable 12-channel all-in-view GPS receiver GRAM-S (SEM-E) module
-55 °C to +71 °C (
ext
<2W
Active or passive
ASR Form Factor
300–230,400;
-40 to +85
115V/400Hz
36
Passive 7-element CRPA
Dual redundant, RS-422 interfaces as SHCI buses; 1553; DS101/102; HVQK RS232, USB, event marker, PPS out
19.2 kbps - 115.2 kbps
-40 to +85
28VDC
10
Active 4-element CRPA
AJ accessory with RF output
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
-40 to +85
3.3V DC
500mW
(E)
RS232 or RS422 (ARINC ready)
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
-40 to + 60
3 - 5.5 VDC
3W max
(E)
Compact low-power dual frequency GPS/GLONASS OEM receiver FAA TSO certi¿able aviation receiver (BETA-3)
January 2013 | GPS World
15
receiver survey 2013 | Sponsored by Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm
Time (nanosec)
Position Àx update rate (sec)
10
25Hz
510 gr
1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm
10
25Hz
77 x 120mm
90 gr
20Hz
930 gr
10
20Hz
ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2
60 x 90mm
60 gr
10
50Hz
as above
ADGHLMMetNOPRTV1
130 x 185 x 46mm
510 gr
1.3m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm/0.3-0.6°/m 1.3m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm/0.3-0.6°/m 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm
10
245 x 140 x 37mm
10
50Hz
GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A & CP; L2, P-code & CP; as above L2C; WAAS/EGNOS as above as above
ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2
60 x 90mm
60 gr
25Hz
130 x 185 x 46mm
510 gr
10
25Hz
GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A & CP; L2, P-code & CP; as above L2C; WAAS/EGNOS, L-Band (TERRASTAR) as above as above
ADGHLMMetNOPRTV2
60 x 90mm
60 gr
10
25Hz
ADGLMMetNOPRTV1
130 x 185 x 46mm
510 gr
1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm
10
ADGHLMMetNOPRTV1
10
25Hz
GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code & CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5a code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS; GLONASS L1 L2 L2 CA, P, COMPASS, QZSS GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code & CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5a code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS; GLONASS L1 L2 L2 CA, P, COMPASS, QZSS GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code & CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5abAltBOC code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS, COMPASS, QZSS L1, C/A and P-code & CP; L2, P-code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS as above
All in View
ADGHLMMetNOPRTV1
235 x 140 x 37mm
980 gr
1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm
10
50Hz
as above
DGLMetOPRTV1
235 x 140 x 37mm
980 gr
1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm
10
50Hz
All in View GPS+GLO+GALILEO
DGLMetOPRTV1
300 x 140 x 37mm
980 gr
1.3m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm
10
100Hz
9 + 1 SBAS; 16; 12
ADGLMMetNOPRTV2
160 x 100mm (Eurocard)
120 gr
10Hz
ADGLMMetNOPRTV1
280 x 140 x 37mm
930 gr
10
10Hz
36
ADGHLMMetNOS2
na
10 Hz PVT
>50
ADGHLMMetNOS2
10 Hz PVT
ADGHLMMetNOS2
800g
<1 to 5m autonomous (L1C/A, L2C, SBAS) na
20 ns
all existing constellations
na: Pure real-time Software 150mm x 150mm x 350mm 98.3 x 22 x 300mm
na
3 gnss frequencies
L1C/A, L1C, L2C, L5, E1, E5, G1, G2, SBAS, Military L1C/A, L1C, L2C, L5, E1, E5, G1, G2, SBAS, Military ALL SIGNALS
1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm/0.3-0.6°/m 1.5m (1s)/ 0.6m (1s)/1cm +1 ppm/ 5mm + 1 ppm/0.3-0.6°/m <5m autonomous (L1C/A) monofreq.
10
9 + 1 SBAS; 16; 12
na
na
Venus628LP
65
L1 GPS, SBAS
12
ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2
7 x 7 x 0.75mm
0.1g
<2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP)
60ns
1,2,4,5,8,10,20Hz
Venus638LPx Venus638FLPx S2532DR S1722G2F S2532G2DR Venus8410
65 65 65 88 88 167
12 12 12 24 24 32
ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2 ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2 ACDHLMNTV2 ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2 ACDHLMNTV2 ACDGHLMMetNPRTV2
10 x 10 x 1.3mm 10 x 10 x 1.3mm 25 x 32 x 2.3mm 17 x 22 x 2.3mm 25 x 32 x 2.3 mm 6 x 6 x .75mm
0.3g 0.3g 4g 2g 5g 0.1g
<2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP) <2.5m/<2.0m/nr/nr(CEP) <2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP) <2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP) <2.5m/nr/nr/nr(CEP) <2.5m/<2.0m/nr/nr(CEP)
60ns 60ns 60ns 6ns 6ns 6ns
GRX2
L1 GPS, SBAS L1 GPS, SBAS L1 GPS, SBAS L1 GLONASS/GPS, SBAS L1 GLONASS/GPS, SBAS L1 GLONASS/GPS/COMPASS/GALILEO, SBAS, QZSS GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2 P(Y); GLONASS: L1/L2 code and carrier
>50
GL1
184 (Ø) x 95mm
1.1 kg
2–3m /50cm /10mm/3mm
10
>50
GL1
150 x 150 x 64 (mm)
0.85 kg
2–3m /40cm /10mm/3mm
10
0.01
ProMark 120
226 Channels with Universal Tracking Channel Technology 226 Channels with GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2 P(Y); GLONASS: L1/L2 Universal Tracking code and carrier Channel Technology 45 par. SBAS; GPS L1 C/A ; Glonass L1 C/A
1,2,4,5,8,10,20Hz 1,2,4,5,8,10,20Hz 1,5,10Hz 1Hz 1,5,10Hz 1,2,4,5,8,10,20,25,40, 50Hz 0.05
All-in-view
HGLN1
9.0 x 19.0 x 4.3cm
0.63 kg
3m/30cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/0.5cm+1 ppm
100
0.05s
ProMark 220
45 par.
All-in-view
HGLN1
9.0 x 19.0 x 4.3cm
0.63 kg
0.05s
220
44
GHLPR1
19.0 x 10.7 x 20.0cm
1.34 kg
3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/0.5cm+1 ppm 1–5m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm
100
Epoch 50
SBAS; GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2C; Glonass L1 C/A, L2 C/A GPS L1C/A, L2C, L2P, L5; GLONASS L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A, L2P; SBAS L1C/A, L5; Galileo GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B
100
1s
ProMark 800
120 par.
All-in-view
GL1
22.8 x 18.8 x 8.4cm
1.4 kg
3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/3mm +0.5ppm
nr
0.05s
ProFlex 800
120 par.
12GPS/12Glonass/3SBAS + low signal acquisition engines
AGLMNOPR1
21.5 x 20 x 7.6cm
2.1 kg
3m/25cm+1ppm/1cm+1ppm/3mm +0.5ppm
nr
0.05s
Custom Time/Frequency Modules TM-4
12 or 16 par.
GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2 C, L5, L1/L2/L5 full wavelength carrier; GLONASS L1 C/A and L2 C/A, L1/L2 full wavelength carrier; GALILEO E1 and E5 ; SBAS code and carrier GPS L1 C/A L1/L2 P-code, L2 C, L5, L1/L2/L5 full wavelength carrier; GLONASS L1 C/A and L2 C/A, L1/L2 full wavelength carrier; GALILEO E1 and E5 ; SBAS code and carrier L1, C/A-code
12 or 16
ADGLMMetOPT12
Various
Various
2.5m/2.0m CEP
10
1
12 or 16 par.
L1, C/A-code
12 or 16
DGLMMetNOPT1
1 lb
2.5m/2.0m CEP
15
1
TM-4D
12 or 16 par.
L1, C/A-code
12 or 16
DGLMetOPT1
4.0 x 1.5 x 4.125in Rack Brax avail. 19.0 x 1.75 x 8.0in
6.5 lb
2.5m/2.0m CEP
10
1
TM-4M, TM4-M+, TM4-M/D TM-4MR
12 or 16 par.
L1, C/A-code
12 or 16
DGLMMetOPT1
9.5 x 1.75 x 9.0in
4 lb
2.5m/2.0m CEP
10
1
12 or 16 par.
L1, C/A-code
12 or 16
DGLMMetOPT1
7.5 lb
2.5m/2.0m CEP
5
1
TM4-MRII
12 or 16 par.
L1, C/A-code
12 or 16
DLMetOPT1
9.5 x 3.5 x 12.0in Rack Mountable 19.0 x 3.5 x 8.0in
6 lb
2.5m/2.0m CEP
5
1
TM-4OEM TM4-PC/104
12 or 16 par. 12 or 16 par.
L1, C/A-code L1, C/A-code
12 or 16 12 or 16
ADGLMMetOPT2 ADGLMMetOPT2
3.875 x 1.0 x 4.00in 3.775 x 0.497 x 3.55in
0.5 lb 0.5 lb
2.5m/2.0m CEP 2.5m/2.0m CEP
10 10
1 1
TM4-SN, TM4-S
16 par.
L1, C/A-code
16
ADGLMNOPT2
5.1 x 1.0 x 1.6in
0.5 lb
2.5m/2.0m CEP
15
1
TM5-OEM
16 par.
L1, C/A-code
16
ADGLMNOPT2
60 x 114 x 16mm
0.5 lb
2.5m/2.0m CEP
10
1
Cartesio PLUS (STA2064)
32
GPS/Galileo (L1), SBAS
32
ACDGLHMNPTV
15 x 15 x 1.2mm
na
2m/1.5m/na/na
<50(rms)
1Hz
Cartesio PLUS (STA2065)
32
GPS/Galileio (L1), SBAS
32
ACDGLHMNPTV
16 x 16 x 1.2mm
na
2m/1.5m/na/na
<50(rms)
1Hz
Teseo Chipset Teseo MCM (STA8058) TeseoII SOC; (STA8088EXG) TeseoII SAL; (STA8088FG) RF Front-End (STA5620) RF Front-End (STA5630) SGR-10
16 16 32
GPS (L1), SBAS GPS (L1), SBAS GPS/Galileio/Glonass QZSS (L1), SBAS
13 13 32
ACDGLHMNPTV2 ACDGLHMNPTV2 ACDGLHMNPTV2
RF 5x5mm BB 10x10mm na 11 x 7 x 1.4mm na 9x9x1.2 na
2m/1.5m/na/na 2m/1.5m/na/na 2m/1.5m/na/na
50 (rms) 50 (rms) <50(rms)
1Hz 1Hz 1Hz/5Hz/10Hz
32 na na 24
GPS/Galileio/Glonass QZSS (L1), SBAS L1 L1 GPS L1 C/A
32 na na >12
ACDGLHMNPTV2 ACDGLHMNPTV2 ACDGLHMNPTV2 NS1
7x7x1 5 x 5 x 1.0mm 5 x 5 x 1.0mm 160 x 50 x 160mm
na na na 1 kg
2m/1.5m/na/na na na <10m/-/-/1m (95%)
<50(rms) na na 500
1Hz/5Hz/10Hz na na 1
SGR-20 SGR-07 SGR-05P SGR-05U SGR-ReSI
24 12 12 12 24
GPS L1 C/A GPS L1 C/A GPS L1 C/A GPS L1 C/A GPS L1 C/A, L2C
>12 12 12 12 >12
NOS1 NS1 NS2 NS2 NS1
160 x 50 x 160mm 120 x 47 x 76mm 70 x 10 x 70mm 70 x 10 x 45mm 300 x 40 x 200mm
1 kg 450g 60 g 30 g 1 kg
<10m/-/-/1m (95%) <10m/-/-/1m (95%) <10m/-/-/1m (95%) <10m/-/-/1m (95%) 10m/-/-/<1m (95%)
500 500 500 500 500
1 1 1 1 1
SGR-Axio bc637PCIe
24 8 par.
GPS L1 C/A, L2C L1 only, C/A-code
>12 8
NS1 ADLMMetNPRT12 (dd)
160 x 50 x 180mm PCI Express Low Pro¿le
1 kg
5m/-/-/<1m (95%) nr/nr/25m
100 170
1 1
Manufacturer
Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
Septentrio continued
AsteRx3 OEM
136 par.
AsteRx3 HDC
136 par.
AsteRx2eH OEM
272 par.
AsteRx2eH PRO
SILICOM www.silicom.eu
SkyTraq Technology, Inc. www.skytraq.com.tw
Sokkia www.sokkia.com
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
GPS L1, C/A L2, P-code & CP; L2C; L5 code & All in View CP, GALILEO L1 code & CP; E5abAltBOC code & GPS+GLONASS+GALILEO CP; GLONASS L1L2L2CA, P-Code; COMPASS, QZSS, WAAS/EGNOS as above as above
ADGLMMetNOPRTV2
60 x 90mm
60 gr
ADGLMMetNOPRTV1
130 x 185 x 46mm
GPS+GLONASS L1, C/A and P-code & CP; L2, P-code & CP; WAAS/EGNOS as above
14
ADGLMMetNOPRTV2
272 par.
14
ADGLMMetNOPRTV1
AsteRx2i OEM
136 par.
as above
All in View GPS+GLONASS
AsteRx2i HDC
136 par.
as above
AsteRx2e OEM
136 par.
AsteRx2e HDC
136 par.
AsteRx2eL OEM
136 par.
AsteRx2eL HDC
136 par.
PolaRx4 PRO
264 Par.
PolaRx4TR PRO
264 par.
PolaRxS PRO
136 par.
PolaRx2e@ OEM
48 par.
PolaRx2e@ PRO
48 par.
SORGA
12
CIPREE
50
SiFEnR_One_By_One
GSX2
Spectra Precision www.spectraprecision.com www.ashtech.com
Spectrum Instruments www.spectruminstruments.com
STMicroelectronics www.st.com/gps
Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. www.sstl.co.uk
Symmetricom www.symmetricom.com
16
GPS World | January 2013
Maximum number of satellites tracked
2.3 kg
www.gpsworld.com
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
Description or Comments
<45s
<15s (after reset)
<1s
4,1, 1, 2, 1
RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker, PPS out
300–230,400, 10 Mbps
–40 to +85
3–5.5 V DC
2.5W typ
(E)
Triple frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO OEM receiver.
<45s
<15s (after reset)
<1s
3, 1,1, 2, 1
as above
300–230,400, 10 Mbps
–40 to +60
9–30 V DC
3W typ
(E)
<45s
<15s (after reset) <15s (after reset) <15s (after reset) <15s (after reset)
<1s
4, 1,1, 2, 1, 2
-40 to + 85
5 V DC
4W typ
(E)
4, 1,1, 2, 1, 2
RS-232, Ethernet, USB, event marker, PPS out, Ref in/out as above
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
<1s
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
-40 to + 60
9-30 V DC
5W typ
(E)
<1s
4, 1, 2, 1
RS232, USB, event marker, PPS out
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
-40 to + 85
3.3V DC
2W IMU incl
(E)
<1s
3, 1, 2, 1
as above
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
-40 to + 60
9–30 V DC
2.5W IMU incl
(E)
<15s (after reset) <15s (after reset) <15s (after reset) <15s (after reset)
<1s
2, 1, 1, 2, 1,1
-40 to +85
3.3V DC
1.5W typ
(E)
2,1, 1, 2, 1
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
-40 to + 60
9–30 V DC
2W typ
(E)
<1s
4,1, 1, 2, 1
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
-40 to + 60
3–5.5 V DC
2.5W typ
(E)
<1s
3, 1,1, 2, 1
RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker, PPS out, Ref in RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker, PPS out RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker, PPS out as above
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
<1s
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
-40 to + 60
9–30 V DC
3W typ
(E)
<45s
<15s (after reset)
<1s
2, 1, 1, 2, 1,1
RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker, PPS out, Ref in
300–230,400; 1-2 Mbps
-40 to + 70
9–30 V DC
6W typ
(E)
Tripple frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS/ GALILEO receiver in a versatile waterproof high-impact plastic housing. Single-board, dual-antenna/heading GPS/GLONASS/SBAS receiver board High precision dual-frequency 2-antenna GPS/GLONASS/ SBAS heading receiver high precision IMU enhanced GPS/GLONASS Dualfrequency OEM receiver. high precision IMU enhanced GPS/GLONASS Dualfrequency receiver in a versatile waterproof high-impact plastic housing. Dual frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS OEM receiver . Dual frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS receiver in a versatile waterproof high-impact plastic housing. Dual frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS OEM receiver. TERRASTAR supported. Dual frequency high accuracy GPS/GLONASS receiver in a versatile waterproof high-impact plastic housing. TERRASTAR supported. Multi-frequency GNSS reference receiver.
<45s
<15s (after reset)
<1s
2,1, 1, 2, 1,1,1,1
RS232, Ethernet, USB, event marker, PPS 300–230,400, 10 Mbps out, Ref in, PPS in, Ref out
–30 to +70
9–30 V DC
6W typ
(E)
Multi-frequency GNSS reference receiver for highly accurate timing and frequency transfer
<45s
<15s (after reset)
<1s
4, 1, 2, 1, 2
RS232, Ethernet, event marker, PPS out, Ref out
300–230,400, 10 Mbps
–30 to +70
9–30 V DC
6W typ
(E)
Scintillation monitoring receiver
<90s
<2s
4, 1, 2, 1, 2
na
5 V DC
Application-dependent
(E)
4, 1, 2, 1, 1
115kbps, 1Gb/s
Application-dependent
(E)
Single-board, triple-antenna/attitude GPS/SBAS receiver board Versatile and high precision attitude GPS/SBAS receiver
na
8.4Gb/s (FMC)
10°C to + 40°C for standard version 10°C to + 40°C
9–30 V DC
<2s
RS-232, Ethernet, event marker, PPS out, Ref in/out RS-232, Ethernet, event marker, PPS out, Ref in na
na
<2s
<40s
<20s (after reset) <20s (after reset) <20s
na
na
na
<40s
<20s
<2s
2
Serial, Ethernet
4800/9600/38400/115200
-40 to +85
ext
35W
E
Real Time Software Receiver, runs on PC, proposed to be ported by SILICOM on any hardware FPGA Based multiconstellation Receiver
na
na
na
2
-40 to +85
ext
25W
E
3 channel input RF Stage
28s
<1s
1
FMC, PCI express (if delivered with FMC Boad) UART
4800/9600/38400/115200
29s
4800/9600/38400/115200
-40 to +85
ext
0.067
active or passive
ROM GPS chipset
29s 29s 1s 29s 1s 26s
28s 28s 1s 28s 1s 25s
<1s <1s <1s <1s <1s <1s
1 5 1 1 1 3
UART 2 UART, 2 SPI, I2C UART UART UART UART, SPI, I2C
4800/9600/38400/115200 4800/9600/38400/115200 4800/9600/38400/115200 4800/9600/38400/115200 460800 460800
-40 to +85 -40 to +85 -40 to +85 -40 to +85 –40 to +65 –40 to +65
ext ext ext ext ext ext
0.06 0.067 0.13 0.2 0.25 0.02
active or passive active or passive active active active active or passive
ROM GPS module Flash GPS module Dead-Reckoning GPS module GLONASS/GPS module Dead-Reckoning GLONASS/GPS module GLONASS /GPS/Compass/Galileo, SBAS, QZSS chipset
<40
<20s
<1s
2
RS-232, Ext Power
2,400–115,200
–20 to +60
ext./int.
4
int.
Internal UHF digital radio and cellular option; Bluetooth
<40
<20s
<1s
2
RS-232/Ext Power and mini USB
2,400–115,200
–20 to +60
ext./int.
2
int.
LongRange Technology; Bluetooth
90s
15s
15s
3
RS232, USB, Bluetooth
up to 115200
-40 to +60
Ext./int.
3
Patch internal, patch active (ER) ext.
Versatile GNSS solution with exceptional post-processing
90s
15s
15s
3
RS232, USB, Bluetooth
up to 115200
–30 to +55
Ext./int.
3
All-in-one solution for network RTK
60s
30s
15s
3
2 x RS232, Bluetooth
-30 to +65
Int./ext.
4.4
110s
30s
3s
4
RS232, RS422, USB, Bluetooth
RS232/422: up to 921.6 kbits/sec; USB 2.0 host & device; Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR Class 2, SPP pro¿le Selectable to 115,200
Patch internal, patch active (ER) ext. Internal patch (ER)
-40 to +85
Int./ext.
4.5
Internal patch active. GPS/GLO/ GAL L1/L2/L5
The Full GNSS Productivity; GNSS Centric; Z-Blade
90s
35s
3s
7
1 RS232/RS422, 2 RS232, USB, Bluetooth, Ethernet, 3.5G/GPRS GSM, Earth terminal
Selectable to 115,200
-20 to +70
Int./ext.
with UHF and GNSS antenna < 5
Outstanding GNSS Performance in Ultra Rugged Design; GNSS Centric; Z-Blade
<35s
<38s
<1s
Various
Selectable to 115,200
-20 to +70
ext
Various
<35s
<38s
<1s
2, 9
sine, 1PPS, RS-232, TTL, IRIG B, NTP, various as above
External active antenna depending on application: Geodetic Survey Antenna, Machine, Marine or Choke Ring ext.
Selectable to 115,200
-20 to +70
ext
3.2
ext.
Time/Frequency reference instrument. IRIG-B
<35s
<38s
<1s
24, 9
as above
Selectable to 115,200
0 to +70
ext
4
ext.
<35s
<38s
<1s
6, 9
as above
Selectable to 115,200
0 to +70
Universal AC
3.2
ext.
Time/Frequency instrument with integrated Distribution Ampli¿er. IRIG-capable. Time/Frequency instrument with internal UPS
<35s
<38s
<1s
6, 9
as above
Selectable to 115,200
-20 to +70 or -40 to +85 Universal AC
< 12
ext.
<35s
<38s
<1s
6, 9
as above
Selectable to 115,200
-20 to +70 or -40 to +85 Universal AC
<12
ext.
<35s <35s
<38s <38s
<1s <1s
2, 9 3, 9
Selectable to 115,200 Selectable to 115,200
-40 to +85 ext -20 to +70 or -40 to +85 ext
Various to under 2 W as above
ext. ext.
<35s
<38s
<1s
2, 5
as above 10 MHz sine(x2), 1PPS, RS-232, TTL, IRIG B, NTP, various 10 MHz LVDS, 1PPS LVDS, TTL, Custom
4800-115500
-40 to + 85
ext
as above
ext.
<35s
<38s
<1s
2, 8
sine, 1PPS, TTL, various
4800-115500
-40 to + 85
ext
3.2
ext.
35s
34s
<1s
17
4800-115500
-40 to + 85
1.25V
Variable (inquire)
E (passive & active)
35s
34s
<1s
22
4800-115500
-40 to + 85
1.25V
Variable (inquire)
E (passive & active)
Infotainment application processor with embedded GPS
39s 39s 35s
34s 34s 34s
<1s <1s <1s
10 9
4800-115500 4800-115500 na
-40 to + 85 -40 to + 85 -40 to + 85
ext/int ext/int 1.2V/1.8V
Variable (inquire) Variable (inquire) Variable (inquire)
E (passive & active) E (passive & active) E (passive & active)
Embedded Flash + EMI Embedded Flash Multiconstellation Sistem On Chip
35s na na 3.5min
34s na na 60s
<1s na na nr
na na 2
UART, SPI, I2C, USB, CAN, SD/MMC, I2S/TDM, SPDIF, GPIOs UART, SPI, I2C, USB, CAN, USB, SD/ MMC, I2S/TDM, SPDIF, SmartCard, GPIOs UART, SPI, I2C, USB and CAN UART, SPI, I2C, USB and CAN UART, SPI, SQI, 2C, USB, CAN, , SD/ MMC, I2S, FSMC, GPIOs UART, SPI, SQI, 2C, USB, CAN, ,GPIOs na na RS-422, CAN bus
Time/Frequency instrument with Rubidium oscillator and integrated UPS Time/Frequency instrument with Rubidium oscillator. Rack Mount Board level module, Time/Frequency, IRIG-B Board level module, Time/Frequency, IRIG-B, PC/104 compliant Board level module, Time/Frequency, MGRS, WAAS, High Sensitivity, Fully Shielded Board level module, Time/Frequency, high sensitivity, WAAS, Fully Shielded Infotainment application processor with embedded GPS
na 9,600–38,400 9,600–38,400 9,600–38,400
-40 to + 85 –20 to +50 –20 to +50 –20 to +50
1.2V/1.8V 2.56 - 3.3V 1.62-1.98V External
Variable (inquire) 40mW 29mW <6
E (passive & active) na na 2 patch + LNAs
Multiconstenstellatin Stand-Alone Fully integrated RF Front-end Low power GPS-Galileo RF Front-end Heritage space receiver
3.5min 9m/2m 9m/2m 9min 3/2min
60s 60s 60s 60s 60s
nr nr nr nr nr
2 2 2 1 3
RS-422, CAN bus RS-422, CAN bus TTL, RS422, CAN UART TTL RS-422, CAN bus, LVDS
9,600–38,400 9,600–38,400 9,600–115,200 9,600–115,200
–20 to +50 –20 to +50 –20 to +50 –20 to +50
External External External External External
<7 <2 1.5 1 10
Spacecraft att. determ. Packaged SGR-05P Rdcd-size OEM w TMR University-grade space OEM Remote Sensing Capability (ReÀection & RO)
3/2min
60s
nr
3
RS-422, CAN bus, LVDS
na na
0 to +70 0 to +70
External
4-6
4 patch + LNAs 1 patch + LNA 1 Quadri¿lar/patch + LNA 1 Quadri¿lar + LNA Four spiral array, plus standard patches Up to 4 patches
<45s <45s <45s
<45s <45s <45s <45s
<90s
www.gpsworld.com
Survey-grade GNSS receiver capable of high accuracy positioning
Customizable time/frequency platform
New Generation Space Receiver
January 2013 | GPS World
17
receiver survey 2013 | Sponsored by Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2 nr/nr/25m
Time (nanosec)
Position Àx update rate (sec)
170
1
nr/nr/25m
1000
1
Autonomous Autonomous Autonomous Autonomous Autonomous Autonomous ~10m
<30 <30 <30 <100 <100 <100 na
1 1 1 1 1 1 1Hz
150gm
~10m
<100ns
1Hz
150gm 175 gm 30gm 430 g
~10m ~10m ~10m < 5m (95%)
<100ns <100ns <100ns < 50
1Hz 1Hz 1Hz 10Hz
149.35 x 144.65 x; 19mm 430 g
< 30m (95%)
< 50
5Hz
149.35 x 144.65 x; 19mm 430 g
< 5m (95%)
< 50
10Hz
ADLMNPT1
221.5 x 162 x; 67.3mm
1,6 kg
< 5m (95%)
< 50
10Hz
All in view All in view
ADLMNPT1 AN1
211 x 160 x 49mm 66 x 216 x 241mm
1,4 kg 1,6 kg
< 50 < 50
10Hz 1Hz or 5Hz
GPS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier; C/A L1, P L1, P L2, L2C - GLONASS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier, C/A L1, P L1, P L2, C/A L2 - Galileo: Giove-A,B (E1 and E5a) GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2 P(Y); GLONASS: L1/L2 code and carrier
>50
GL1
158.1 x 253.0 x 158.1mm 1.44 kg
< 5m (95%) < 15m, 5m; (SBAS), 2.5; m (GBAS) (95%) 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm
10
0.01
>50
GL1
184 (Ø) x 95mm
1.1 kg
2–3m /50cm /10mm/3mm
10
0.05
GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2 P(Y); GLONASS: L1/L2 code and carrier
>50
GL1
150 x 150 x 64 (mm)
0.85 kg
2–3m /40cm /10mm/3mm
10
0.01
>50
GLR1
166 x 93 x 275mm
3.0 kg
2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm
10
0.01
36 20
GL1 GLM1
110 x 35 x 240mm 115x35x155mm
0.6 kg 0.4 Kg
2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm 2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm
10 10
0.05 0.01
Manufacturer
Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
Maximum number of satellites tracked
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
Symmetricom continued
bc637PCI-V2
8 par.
L1 only, C/A-code
8
ADLMMetNPRT12 (dd)
bc637PMC
8 par.
L1 only, C/A-code
8
ADLMMetNPRT12 (dd)
XLi XL-GPS XLi SAASM GB-GRAM SyncServer S250 SyncServer S350 SyncServer S350 SAASM TW5300
12 par 12 par 12 par 12 par 12 par 12 par 16
L1 only, C/A-code L1 only, C/A-code L1/L2 L1 only, C/A-code L1 only, C/A-code L1/L2 GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS
12 12 12 12 12 12 16
ADLMMetNT1 ADLMMetNT1 ADLMMetNT1 ADLMMetNT1 ADLMMetNT1 ADLMMetNT1 LV1
Single-width (4.2 x 6.875in) Std (2.91 x 5.86in) height 10mm 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 17 x 1.75 x 15.4in 66.5 x 21mm
module = 5.8 oz module = 3.4 oz 10 lb 8 lb 10 lb 9 lb 9 lb 9 lb 150gm
TW5310
16
GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS
16
DLMNV1
66.5 x 21mm
TW5330 TW5210 TW5115 GNSS 1000C
16 16 16 12
GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS GPS L1 C/A code, 16 GPS L1 : C/A
16 16 16 All in view
DLMNT1 DLMNV1 2 ADLMNPT2
66.5 x 21mm 57 x 15mm 33 x 33 x 7.6mm 149.35 x 144.65 x; 19mm
GNSS 1000G
20 par.
GPS L1 C/A code and; GLONASS L1
10 GPS + 10; GLONASS
ADLMN2
GNSS 1000S, SAASMBased GNSS 100-2,; SAASMBased GNSS 100-3, SAASM-Based TOPSTAR 200NG
24 par.
L1 : C/A, P or Y code; L2 : P or Y code
All in view
ADLMNPT2
24 par.
L1 : C/A, P or Y code; L2 : P or Y code
All in view
24 par. 12
L1 : C/A, P or Y code; L2 : P or Y code L1 : C/A
GR-5
216 Universal Tracking Channels
HiPer V
226 Channels with Universal Tracking Channel Technology 226 Channels with Universal Tracking Channel Technology 144 Universal Tracking Channels
Tallysman Wireless www.tallysman.com
THALES - Avionics Division www.thalesgroup.com
Topcon www.topconpositioning.com
HiPer SR
Net G3A
GB-3 MR-1
72 72 Universal Tracking Channels
GPS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier; C/A L1, P L1, P L2, L2C - GLONASS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier, C/A L1, P L1, P L2, C/A L2 - Galileo: Giove-A,B (E1 and E5a) See GR-3 GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2 P(Y); GLONASS: L1/L2 code and carrier; WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
GRS-1
72 Universal Tracking Channels 226 Universal Tracking Channels 72 Universal Tracking Channels
GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2 P(Y); GLONASS: L1/L2 code and carrier; SBAS GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2 P(Y); GLONASS: L1/L2 code and carrier; Galileo E1 and Compass ready GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2 P(Y); GLONASS: L1/L2 code and carrier; WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
36
GHNLR7E
199 x 90 x 63mm
0.67
2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm
10
0.05
>50
2
40 x 55 x 10mm
na
2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm
10
0.01
20
2
60 x 13 x 100mm
< 60 gms
2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm
10
0.01
112 PII
144
>50
2
112 x 14.7 x 100mm
na
2–3m /30cm /10mm/3mm
10
0.01
Trimble AP10 Board Set
72
GPS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier; C/A L1, P L1, P L2, L2C - GLONASS: L1, L2, & L5 carrier, C/A L1, P L1, P L2, C/A L2 - Galileo: Giove-A,B (E1 and E5a) GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, OmniSTAR
24
ADGLMNOPR2
167 x 100 x 45Hmm (including IMU)
1.5 – 3m/0.25- 1m/0.02 - 0.05m /0.02 - 0.05m
100
200Hz
Trimble AP20 Board Set
72
GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, OmniSTAR
24
ADGLMNOPR2
130 x 100 x 39Hmm (not including IMU)
1.5 – 3m/0.5 - 2m/0.02 - 0.05m /0.02 - 0.05m
100
100Hz
Trimble AP40 Board Set
72
GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, OmniSTAR
24
ADGLMNOPR2
130 x 100 x 39Hmm (not including IMU)
1.5 – 3m/0.5 - 2m/0.02 - 0.05m /0.02 - 0.05m
100
200Hz
Trimble AP50 Board Set
72
GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, OmniSTAR
24
ADGLMNOPR2
130 x 100 x 39Hmm (not including IMU)
1.5 – 3m/0.5 - 2m/0.02 - 0.05m /0.02 - 0.05m
100
200Hz
Trimble AP60 Board Set
72
GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, OmniSTAR
24
ADGLMNOPR2
130 x 100 x 39Hmm (not including IMU)
1.5 – 3m/0.5 - 2m/0.02 - 0.05m /0.02 - 0.05m
100
200Hz
BD910 GNSS Receiver
220
44
DGLMNPRTV2
41 x 41 x 7mm
20
220
44
DGLMNPRTV2
51 x 41 x 7mm
0.85 oz
100
50
BD920 -W3G GNSS Receiver BD982 GNSS Heading Receiver BD970 GNSS Receiver
220
44
DGLMNPRTV2
50 x 62 x 14mm
54 oz
100
50
44
DGLMNPRTV2
100 x 84.9 x 11.6mm
3.2 oz
100
50
44
DGLMNPRTV2
100 x 60 x 11.6mm
2.2 oz
100
50
BX982 GNSS Heading Receiver Buffalo
220 x 2
44
DGLMNPRTV2
262 x 140 x 55mm
1.6 kg
100
50
32
AGHLMMETNPV2
19 x 19 x 2.54mm
1.74 grams
1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm 1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm <1.5
100
BD920 GNSS Receiver
50
1 Hz
Aardvark
22
GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, COMPASS GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, COMPASS GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, COMPASS GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, VECTOR Antenna -GPS, GLONASS GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, COMPASS GPS L1/L2, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, QZSS, GALILEO, VECTOR Antenna -GPS, GLONASS L1, C/A code GPS, GLONASS, future FW upgrades for Galileo and Compass L1, C/A code
0.68 kg (including IMU) 0.35 kg (not including IMU) 0.35 kg (not including IMU) 0.35 kg (not including IMU) 0.35 kg (not including IMU) 0.7 oz
22
AGHLMMETNPV2
16 x 12.2 x 2.13mm
0.544 grams
<2.5
A3000
22
L1, C/A code
22
LV1
115 x 78 x 26mm
100g
<2.5
Copernicus II GPS Condor C1011 Condor C1216 Condor C1722 Condor C1919 Condor C2626 Acutime Gold GPS Smart Antenna Acutime Gold GPS Starter Kit Acutime GG Mulit-GNSS Smart Antenna Acutime GG Mulit-GNSS Starter Kit Bullet III GPS Antenna Bullet Multi-GNSS Antenna Resolution SMT Embedded GPS Timing Module Resolution SMTx Embedded GPS Timing Module Resolution SMT GG Embedded Multi-GNSS Timing Moduel Resolution T
12 22 22 22 22 22 12
L1, C/A code L1, C/A code L1, C/A code L1, C/A code L1, C/A code L1, C/A code L1 only, C/A-code
12 22 22 22 22 22 8
AGHLMMETNPV2 AGHLMMETNPV2 AGHLMMETNPV2 AGHLMMETNPV2 AGHLMMETNPV2 AGHLMMETNPV2 LMPST1
2.54 H x 19 W x 19 L 10 x 10 x 2mm 16 x 12.2 x 2.13mm 17 x 22.4 x 2.13mm 19 x 19 x 2.54mm 26 x 26 x 6mm 3.74 D, 2.85in H
0.7 oz 0.364 grams 0.544 grams 0.953 grams 1.74 grams 6.486 grams 5.4 oz
3m <2.5 <2.5 <2.5 <2.5 <2.5 40m CEP; velocity 0.25m/s CEP
50
50
1 1Hz 1Hz 1Hz 1Hz 1Hz 1
12
L1 only, C/A code
8
LMPST1
5 x 6.12in
12.8 oz
na
50
1
12
32
LMPST1
3.74 D, 2.85in H
5.4 oz
40m CEP; velocity 0.25m/s CEP
15
1
32
LMPST1
5 x 6.12in
12.8 oz
na
15
1
na na 14
L1, C/A code GPS, GLONASS, future FW upgrades for Galileo and Compass L1, C/A code GPS, GLONASS, future FW upgrades for Galileo and Compass L1 L1, C/A Code GPS & GLONASS L1 only, C/A code
na na 14
TI TI T2
3.05 x 2.61 3.05 x 2.61 19 x 19 x 2.54mm
6.0 oz 6.0 oz 1.8 oz
na na na
na na 15 ns
na na 1Hz
14
L1 only, C/A code
14
T2
19 x 19 x 2.54mm
1.8 oz
na
15 ns
1Hz
32
L1, C/A code GPS, GLONASS, future FW upgrades for Galileo and Compass
32
T2
19 x 19 x 2.54mm
1.8oz
<1.5
15 ns
1 Hz
12
L1 only, C/A code
12
T2
1.25 x 0.33 x 2.61in
0.4
<6m 50%,<9m 90%
<15 ns
1
Thunderbolt E Disciplined Clock
12
L1 only C/A code
12
T2
5Lx4wx2h
0.628 lbs
na
<15 ns
1Hz
B110 OEM-1
Trimble www.trimble.com
18
GPS World | January 2013
220 x 2 220
32
12
1, 5, 10Hz 1, 5, 10Hz
www.gpsworld.com
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
Description or Comments
20 min
2 min
2 min
na
Register-based interface
Selectable
0 to +50
ext
5V dc 900 mA
L1 (ER/WR)
PCIbus Universal signaling time/frequency processor
20 min
2 min
2 min
na
Register-based interface
Selectable
0 to +50
ext
+5 V DC @ 350 mA
L1 (ER/WR)
PCI mezzanine card GPS time/frequency processor
<20 min <20 min <20 min <20 min
<2 min <2 min <2 min <2 min
<2 min <2 min <2 min <2 min
2 2 2 3
RS-232/RS-422 Ethernet RS-232/RS-422 Ethernet RS-232/RS-422 Ethernet Ethernet
Selectable na
0 to +50 0 to +50
ext ext ext ext
10-70 watts 10-30 watts 10-70 watts 25-45 watts
L1 (ER/WR) L1 (ER/WR) L1/L2 (ER/WR) L1 (ER/WR)
Modular, plug-&-play GPS time and frequency Modular, plug-&-play Network Time Server
<39s
<34s
<1s
1
1 RS-232, 2 digital inputs
Con¿gurable to 115.2kb Con¿gurable to 115.2kb Con¿gurable to 115.2kb
-45C, +85C -45C, +85C -45C, +85C
12 V ext
1W
Integrated Active antenna
Integrated Telematics GPS Receiver/Antenna
<39s
<34s
<1s
1
1 RS-232, differential 1PPS (RS-242)
Con¿gurable to 115.2kb
-45C, +85C
5V or 12V ext
1W
Integrated Active antenna
Fixed mount, Integrated GPS Receiver/antenna
<39s <39s <39s <60s
<34s <34s <34s 20s
<1s <1s <1s <5s
1 1 1 4, 1, 1, 1, 2
Con¿gurable to 115.2kb 115 200 115 200 115 200
-45C, +85C -46°C to; +101°C -46°C to; +92°C -46°C to; +101°C
5V or 12 V ext 5v or 12V ext 3.3V ext External
1W 1W 0.25W < 10W
Integrated Active antenna Integrated Active antenna Integrated Active antenna Ext. Passive; or active (E)
Fixed Mount, Timing applications Magnetic Mount GPS Receiver/Antenna OEM GPS Receiver/Antenna SPS receiver, pin to pin compatible with GNSS 1000S.
GPS : 200 s; GLO : 290 s <60s
GPS : 50 s; GLO : 60 s 20s
<15s
3, 1
1 RS-232, differential 1PPS (RS-242) RS232 & opt USB 1 RS-232, 1 CMOS, opt 1PPS RS 422, DPRAM, DS-101,; DS-102, HVQK, 1PPS; In/Out RS 422, DPRAM
4800, 115; 200
-46°C to; +71°C
External
14 W
Ext. Passive; or active (E)
<5s
4, 1, 1, 1, 2
115200
-45°C to; +82°C
External
< 10W
Ext. Passive; or active (E)
SAASM Based,; GRAM-S (SEM E); module
<60s
20s
<5s
100 000,; 19200
-40°C to; +70°C
28 V dc
< 25 W
Ext. Passive; or active (E)
SAASM Based
<60s <210s
20s 75s
<5s <10s
1 or 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 4, 1, 2 8,1, 3, 3
460800 460800
–30 to +70 –40 to +65
28 V dc 28 V dc
< 20 W < 18 W
Ext. Passive; or active (E) Ext. Passive; or active (E)
SAASM Based TSO C145; certi¿ed (Beta-3, Delta-4)
<30s
<5s
<1s
3
RS 422, DPRAM, DS-101,; DS-102, HVQK, 1PPS; In/Out 1553 or ARINC 429,; RS422, NMEA, DS101, DS-102, HVQK, 1PPS In/Out RS 422, HVQK, 1PPS; In/Out ARINC 429, RS 232, Time; Mark Pulse; discrete RS-232, USB, Ext Pwr
460800
–40 to +65
ext./int.
3.3
int./ext.
Internal UHF and FH915 (SpSp) digital radio and cellular option; Bluetooth
<40
<20s
<1s
2
RS-232, Ext Power
460800
40 to +65C
ext./int.
4
int.
Internal UHF and FH915 (SpSp) digital radio and cellular option; Bluetooth
<40
<20s
<1s
2
RS-232/Ext Power and mini USB
460800
–40 to +60
ext./int.
2
int.
LongLink Technology; Bluetooth
<30s
<5s
<1s
8
4 RS-232, 1 USB, 2 Power, 1 Ethernet
460800
–40 to +75
ext.
< 4.5
ext.
GNSS reference network receiver; internal back up power (UPS); upto 5 IP addresses available, client and server functionality:
<30s <60s
<5s <10s
1s <1s
4 3
RS-232, USB, Ethernet 1 common port for 2xRS-232 and Power, 2 ext antenna
460800 460800
–40 to +60 –40 to +85
ext. ext
3.3 4.0W Max
ext. ext.
<60 s
<10 s
1s
3
Mini USB, Power, Mini Serial
460800
–30 to +85
ext./int.
3
int./ext.
<60 s
<35 s
<1s
9
460800
40 to +65C
ext.
1
int./ext.
<60s
<10s
<1s
6
2 RS232, 4 LVTTL UART, 1 USB, 1 CAN, 1 I2C interface 3 RS-232, 1 USB, 2 CAN
2,400–115,200
-40 to +75 C
ext.
1.8
int./ext.
<30s
<5s
<1s
6
4 RS-232, 1 Ethernet, 1 USB
2,400–115,200
-40 to +75 C
ext.
5
int./ext.
Modular Recv, 20Hz, Bluetooth, PPS out, EM GNSS Modular receiver with dual antenna input support for precise heading (and inclination) determination using Topcon’s VISOR technology. Internal GSM or CDMA modem; external 2W 915 MgHz TX/ Rx SpSp or DSP digital radio option Compact OEM L1/L2 GNSS board for high precision RTK positioning OEM GPS Board with dual antenna input support for precise heading (and inclination) determination using Topcon’s VISOR technology. OEM GPS Board; USB Host and Device
<60s
<30s
<15s
1,4,1,5
Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event
2,400–115,200
-40 to +75 C
ext
< 20 Watts (incl IMU and ant)
MMCX receptacle
GNSS + Inertial for continuous positioning during satellite blockage
<60s
<30s
<15s
1,4,1,5
Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event
2,400–115,200
-40 to +75 C
ext
< 20 Watts (incl ant, not incl IMU)
MMCX receptacle
GNSS + Inertial for continuous positioning during satellite blockage and high accuracy orientation for mobile mapping
<60s
<30s
<15s
1,4,1,5
Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event
2,400–115,200
-40 to +75 C
ext
< 20 Watts (incl ant, not incl IMU)
MMCX receptacle
GNSS + Inertial for continuous positioning during satellite blockage and high accuracy orientation for mobile mapping
<60s
<30s
<15s
1,4,1,5
Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event
115,200 RS-232, 10/100Mbps Ethr
-40 to +85
ext
< 20 Watts (incl ant, not incl IMU)
MMCX receptacle
GNSS + Inertial for continuous positioning during satellite blockage and high accuracy orientation for mobile mapping
<60s
<30s
<15s
1,4,1,5
Ethernet, RS232, 1PPS, Event
115,200 RS-232, 10/100Mbps Ethr
-40 to +85
ext
< 20 Watts (incl ant, not incl IMU)
MMCX receptacle
GNSS + Inertial for continuous positioning during satellite blockage and high accuracy orientation for mobile mapping
<45s
<30s
<2s
4,1,1
RS-232, Ethernet, USB
ext
1.1W
MCXX receptacle
<30s
<2s
4,1,2
RS-232, Ethernet, USB
-40 to +75
ext
1.3W
MCXX receptacle
<45s
<30s
<2s
4,1,2
RS-232, Ethernet, USB
-40 to +75
ext
1.3W
MMCX receptacle, 44-pin header
<45s
<30s
<2s
4,1,1,1
RS-232, Ethernet, USB, CAN
-40 to +75
ext
2.1 W
MCXX receptacle
<45s
<30s
<2s
3,1,1,1
RS-232, Ethernet, USB, CAN
115,200 RS-232, 10/100Mbps Ethr 460,800 RS-232, 10/100Mbps Ethr 115,200 RS-232, 10/100Mbps Ethr 460,800 RS-232, 10/100Mbps Ethr 38400
-40 to +85
<45s
-40 to +85
ext
1.5W
MCXX receptacle
<45s
<30s
<2s
3,1,1,1
RS-232, Ethernet, USB, CAN
57600
–40 to +85
ext
4.1 W
TNC
35s
32s
2.5s
2
serial
57600
–40 to +85
ext
45mA @ 3V typical
38s
35s
2s
1+1
serial & usb
38400
–40 to +85
ext
<37 mA typical 20◦C
38s
35s
2s
1+1
serial
9600
–40 to +85
ext/int battery
35s 35s 35s 35s 35s 35s <2s
2s 2s 2s 2s 2s 2s <2s
2 1 1+1 1 1 1 2
TTL serial serial & usb serial & usb serial serial RS-422/485 or RS-232
ext/int
9600 9600 9600
–40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +85 –40 to +85
ext
<40 mA typical, 9 30 VDC 44 mA @3.0 V <37 mA typical 20◦C <37 mA typical 20◦C <37 mA typical 20◦C <37 mA typical 20◦C <37 mA typical 20◦C <1.5
supports active antenna
38s 38s 38s 38s 38s 38s <60s <60s
<2s
<2s
2
RS-422
9600
–40 to +85
ext
<1.5
Patch
<60s
<2s
<2s
2
RS-422/485 or RS-232
na
–40 to +85
ext
<1.0
Patch
<60s
<2s
<2s
2
RS-422
na
–40 to +85
ext
<1.0
Patch
na na na
na na na
na na na
na na 2
na na TTL
9600 9600 38400
–40 to +85 –40 to +85 -40 to +85
ext ext ext
<20 mA - 3V 30 mA - 5V <20 mA - 3V 30 mA - 5V 330 mW
na na Active/external
na
na
na
2
TTL
9600
–40 to +85
ext
330 mW
Active/external
35s
32s
2.5s
2
serial
9600
0 - +60
ext
45mA @ 3V typical
<50s (90%)
<45s (90%)
<2s
1
TTL
‘–40 to +65
350 mW @3.3 V
External active
na
na
1
RS232
115,200 (RS 232); USB 1Mbp
Internal, External, Power over Ethernet (PoE) –30 to +60
ext
na
ext
na
External active 5v
www.gpsworld.com
Can produce position solution from GPS + GLONASS combined constellations Dead reckoning position when connected to vehicle speed. Onboard gyro. Dead reckoning position when connected to vehicle speed. Onboard gyro. IP54 packaging, onboard battery and charger
Micropatch (ER)
Patch
January 2013 | GPS World
19
receiver survey 2013 | Sponsored by Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
Maximum number of satellites tracked
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2
Trimble continued
Trimble NetR9
440
GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2E (Trimble method for tracking L2P), L5 GLONASS: L1 C/A and unencrypted P code, L2 C/A2 and unencrypted P code, L3 CDMA Galileo L1 CBOC, E5A, E5B & E5AltBOC Compass: B1, B2, B3QZSS: L1 C/A, L1C, L1 SAIF, L2C, L5, LEX SBAS: L1C/A, L5 L-Band OmniSTAR (VBS, HP and XP) + RTX Expandable for future signals pending ICD releases.
88
GLMMetNVPRT1
26.5 x 13.0 x 5.5cm
1.75 kg
1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 100 0.1 ppm
50Hz
Trimble R3
12
GHLP1
9.5 x 4.4 x 24.2cm
0.62kgs
1-5m/na/na/5mm+0.5ppm
100
1Hz
72
24
GLMNVPR1
19.0 (Ø) x 11.5cm
1.35 kg
1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm
100
1Hz RTK
Trimble R5
72
24
GLMMetNVPRT1
13.5 x 8.5 x 24cm
1.5 kg
1–5m/0.25m+0.5ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 100 0.1 ppm
1Hz RTK
Trimble R6
72
24
GLMNVPR1
19.0 (Ø) x 11.5cm
1.35 kg
1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm
100
1Hz RTK
Trimble R7
72
L1 C/A Code, L1 Full Cycle Carrier, WAAS/ EGNOS GPS: L1C/A, L2E (Trimble method for tracking L2P); – GLONASS1: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A (GLONASS M only), L2P; – SBAS: L1C/A GPS L1 C/A Code, L2C, L1/L2 Full Cycle Carrier; – GLONASS L1 C/A Code, L1 P Code, L2 P Code, L1/L2 Full Cycle Carrier; WAAS/ EGNOS Channels GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E (Trimble method for tracking L2P); – GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A (GLONASS M only), L2P; – SBAS: L1C/A GPS L1 C/A Code, L2C, L1/L2/L5 Full Cycle Carrier1; – GLONASS L1 C/A Code, L1 P Code, L2 P Code, L1/L2 Full Cycle Carrier, WAAS, EGNOS; – OmniSTAR VBS, HP, XP
12
Trimble R4
24
GLMMetNVPRT1
13.5 x 8.5 x 24cm
1.5 kg
1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm
100
1Hz RTK
Trimble R8
220
GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E (Trimble method for tracking L2P), L5; – GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A (GLONASS M only), L2P; – SBAS: L1C/A, L5; – Galileo
44
GLMNVPR1
19.0 (Ø) x 11.2cm
1.35 kg
1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm
100
1Hz RTK
Trimble R10
440
GLMNVPR1
11.9 (Ø) x 13.6cm
1.12 kg
1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3mm+ 0.1 ppm
100
1Hz RTK
GeoXR
220
GHLN1
9.9 x 23.4 x 5.6cm
0.925 kg
1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/13mm+1ppm/5mm+ 0.5 ppm
100
1Hz RTK
Trimble SP985 GNSS Smart 440 Antenna
GPS: L1C/A, L1C, L2C, L2E (Trimble method 88 for tracking L2P), L5; – GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A (GLONASS M only), L2P, L3; – SBAS: L1C/A, L5; – Galileo: E1, E5a, E5B; – COMPASS: B1, B2, B3; – OmniSTAR VBS, HP, XP, G2; – WAAS, QZSS, MSAS, EGNOS, GAGAN GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E (Trimble method for 44 tracking L2P); – GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A (GLONASS M only), L2P; – SBAS (WAAS/ EGNOS/MSAS): L1C/A L1/L2/L5,GLONASS L1/L2, Galileo, Compass, Unrestricted SBAS, OmniSTAR, QZSS
GLVPRT1
12cm × 13cm (4.7 in x 5.1 in)
1.55 kg (3.42 1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3m lb) receiver m+0.1ppm only including radio and battery
100
1,2,5,10,20Hz
Trimble SPS855 GNSS Modular Receiver
440
L1/L2/L5,GLONASS L1/L2, Galileo, Compass, SBAS, OmniSTAR, QZSS
Unrestricted
LMNPRTV1
24cm × 12cm × 5cm (9.4 in x 4.7 in x 1.9 in)
1–5m/0.25m+1ppm/8mm+1ppm/3m m+0.1ppm
100
1,2,5,10,20Hz
Nomad 900G Series
12 par.
L1 C/A code, SBAS
12
3.9 x 6.9 x 2.0in
1.65 kg (3.64 lb) receiver with internal battery and radio 1.23 lb
na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc
na
1
GPS Path¿nder ProXT
12 par.
L1 C/A code and carrier, SBAS
12
GLN1
4.2 x 5.75 x 1.6in
1.16 lb
na
1
GPS Path¿nder ProXH
12 par.
L1 C/A code and carrier , L2 carrier, SBAS
12
GLN1
4.2 x 5.75 x 1.6in
1.16 lb
na
1
Juno SB Juno SC
12 par. 12 par.
L1 C/A code, SBAS L1 C/A code, SBAS
12 12
GHLN1 GHLN1
5.1 x 2.9 x 1.2in 5.1 x 2.9 x 1.2in
0.52 lb 0.54 lb
na/<1m /50cm Post-proc (1cm with carrier) na/<1m/10-30cm Post-proc (1cm with carrier) na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc
na na
1 1
Juno SD
12 par.
L1 C/A code, SBAS
12
GHLN1
5.1 x 2.9 x 1.2in
0.54 lb
na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc
na
1
Trimble Yuma tablet
12 par.
L1 C/A code, SBAS
12
GLN1
5.5 x 9 x 2in
3.1 lb
na/2 - 5m/2 - 5m Post-proc
na
1
Trimble Pro 6T
220
GPS: L1C/A; GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P
24
GLN1
na
1HZ
220
GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E; GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A, L2P
24
GLN1
2-5m/ 75cm/10cm/10cm
na
1HZ
Juno 3C
12
L1 C/A code, SBAS
12
GLN1
na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc
na
1HZ
Juno 3D
12
L1 C/A code, SBAS
12
GLN1
na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc
na
1HZ
Juno 5B
12
L1 C/A code, SBAS
12
GLN1
na/2 - 4m/2-4m Post-proc
na
1HZ
Juno 5D
12
L1 C/A code, SBAS
12
GLN1
na/2 - 4m/2-4m Post-proc
na
1HZ
Geo 5T
45
GPS: L1C/A; GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P
14
GLN1
na/submeter/submeter
na
1HZ
GeoXT 3000 series
14 par.
L1 C/A code and carrier; SBAS
14
GHLN1
inc. battery: 1040 g (2.3 lb) inc. battery: 1040 g (2.3 lb) 0.31 kg (0.69 lb) with battery 0.31 kg (0.69 lb) with battery 0.4 kg (0.84 lb) with battery 15.5cm x 8.2cm x 2.5cm 0.4 kg (0.84 (6.1 in x 3.2 in x 0.9 in) lb) with battery 19cm x 9cm x 4.3cm (7.5 0.64 kg in x 3.5 in x 1.7 in) (1.41 lb) with battery 3.9 x 8.5 x 3.0in 1.76lb
2-5m/ 75cm/50cm/50cm
Trimble Pro 6H
Height: 204mm (8 in); Diameter: 138mm (5.4 in) Height: 204mm (8 in); Diameter: 138mm (5.4 in) 138mm x 79mm x 31mm (5.43 in x 3.11 in x 1.22 in) 138mm x 79mm x 31mm (5.43 in x 3.11 in x 1.22 in) 15.5cm x 8.2cm x 2.5cm (6.1 in x 3.2 in x 0.9 in)
2-5m/75cm/ na /50cm (1cm with carrier)
na
1Hz
GeoXT 6000 series
220
GPS: L1C/A; GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P; SBAS
44
GHLN1
2-5m/75cm/ na /50cm (1cm with carrier)
na
1Hz
GeoXH 6000 series
220
44
GHLN1
1Hz
50
12
2-5m/75cm/10cm/10cm (1cm with carrier) na/2 - 5m/1 - 3m Post-proc
na
Juno T41
GPS: L1C/A, L2C, L2E; GLONASS: L1C/A, L1P, L2C/A, L2P; SBAS SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS)
234mm x 99mm x 56mm; 925g; (2.0lb) (9.2in x 3.9in x 2.2in); 234mm x 99mm x 56mm; 925g; (2.0lb) (9.2in x 3.9in x 2.2in); 6.1 x 3.2 x 9in 13.5 oz
100
5 Hz
Yuma 2
50
L1 C/A Code SMAS ;WAAS, Egnos
12
936inx6.3inx1.5in
2.6 lb.
Autonomous 2.5m CEP
na
1
Force 22E MRU Module FR-22 SAASM Receiver Force 27 SEGR Force 524D GRAM/GASR Module Force 524D VMEA
24 24 24 24
L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code) L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code) L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code) L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code)
12 12 12 12
ADLMNOPT2 ADLMNOPTV1 ADLMNOPT2 ADLMNOPT2
3.14 x 3.82 x 0.5in 5.25 x 4.5 x 1.7in 3.92 x 4.92 x 0.6in 5.88 x 5.715 x 0.6in
3.9oz 1.1 lb 0.5 lb 0.94 lb
<5m <5m <5m <5m
40 40 40 40
1 1 1 to 10 1 to 10
24
L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code)
12
ADLMNOPT2
6U VME, Single-Height
2.5 lb
<5m
40
1 to 10
TA–24 Certi¿ed Sensor
24
L1, C/A, P; L2, P & Y-code (encrypted P-code)
12
ADNOPT1
5.00 x 9.50 x 2.10in
3.73lb
<5m
40
1
UBX-G7020-KA u-blox 7 GPS/GNSS single chip; Automotive Grade
56 par
GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS: All in view, sequentially WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass). All SBAS.
CDHLMMetNPTV2
5.0 x 5.0 x 0.55mm
na
GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP); GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na
50 (RMS)
up to 10
UBX-G7020-KT u-blox 7 GPS/GNSS single chip; Standard Grade
56 par
GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS: All in view, sequentially WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass). All SBAS.
CDHLMMetNPTV2
5.0 x 5.0 x 0.55mm
na
GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP); GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na
50 (RMS)
up to 10
,MSAS
u-blox www.u-blox.com
20
GPS World | January 2013
Time (nanosec)
Position Àx update rate (sec)
Manufacturer
SBAS 2.0m CEP
www.gpsworld.com
<60s
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
<30s
<15s
1,1,1,1,1
D9 Serial; 7pin Lemo; Mini USB (Device and Host modes); RJ45 Ethernet: TCP/ IP, UDP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, NTRIP Caster, NTRIP Client, NTRIP Server, NTP; Bluetooth
2400 - 460800
38,400 (Port 1 115,200 (Port 2)
–40 to +65
3.8 W (setting dependent)
Zephyr Geodetic II GNSS Choke Ring GNSS-Ti Choke Ring
Full GNSS CORS featuring advanced data logging and power parameters, 8GB internal memory, global RTX correction capability, secure Web User Interface with Position Monitoring.
<90s
<30s
<15s
6
Complete L1 GPS postprocessing solution
3,1,1
–40 to +65
ext/int
0.6 W receiver and antenna < 3.1W in RTK mode
external TRIMBLE A3
<15s
115,200 (Port 1–3); USB 1 Mbps 38,400 (Port 1 115,200 (Port 2)
ext/int
<30s
RS-232/USB/2 Compact Flash/GPS antenna/Power 2 x RS232, Bluetooth, Radio coms
–40 to +65
<60s
Internal Zephyr 2
Trimble R-Track technology for GLONASS support, Advance Maxwell survey GNSS chip
<60s
<30s
<15s
3,1,1,1
RS232, radio antenna, GNSS antenna, Compact Flash
115,200 (Port 1–3); USB 1 Mbps
–40 to +65
ext/int
4w Fast Static; 5.9 w/ radio, BT RTK
Zephyr 2, Z Geodetic 2 w/Stealth GP, GNSS Choke Ring
as above
<60s
<30s
<15s
3,1,1
2 x RS232, Bluetooth, Radio coms
38,400 (Port 1 115,200 (Port 2)
–40 to +65
ext/int
< 3.1W in RTK mode
Internal Zephyr 2
as above
<60s
<30s
<15s
3,2,1,1,1,1
RS232, radio antenna, GNSS antenna, Compact Flash, Bluetooth
–40 to +65
ext/int
4w Fast Static; 5.9 w/ radio, BT RTK
Zephyr 2, Z Geodetic 2 w/Stealth GP, GNSS Choke Ring
as above
<60s
<30s
<15s
3,1,1
2 x RS232, Bluetooth, Radio coms
-20 to +50
ext/int
< 3.1W in RTK mode
Internal Zephyr 2
Trimble R-Track technology for GLONASS support, ; Galileo Support, Advance Maxwell survey GNSS chip
<60s
<30s
<15s
1,1,1,1,1,1
USB, RS232, Bluetooth, WiFi, Radio antenna, 3.5G UMTS Cellular Modem
USB 2.0 1Mbps, Serial 460,800 bps, Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR, WiFi 802.11b/g, UMTS/ HSDPA 850/900/2100 MHz, ; GPRS/EDGE 850/900/1800/1900 MHz USB 2.0, Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR, WiFi 802.11b/g, UMTS/ HSDPA 850/900/2100 MHz, ; GPRS/EDGE 850/900/1800/1900 MHz 38,400 (Port 1 115,200 (Port 2)
–40 °C to +65 °C (–40 °F to +149 °F)
ext/int
< 5.1W in RTK mode
Internal Zephyr 2
HD-GNSS processing technology, xFill Technology, Surepoint Technology and Trimble 360 support, GLONASS support, Galileo Support, COMPASS Support,Advance Maxwell survey GNSS chip
<60s
<30s
<15s
1,1,1,1
USB, Bluetooth, WiFi, 3.5G
Max 115,200 RS232,10/100Mbps Ethr
–40 °C to +65 °C (–40 °F to +149 °F)
ext/int
2.7W - 3.7W
Internal and external L1/L2 antenna Trimble R-Track technology for GPS and GLONASS support, advanced Maxwell survey GNSS chip
<60s
<30s
<12s
2,3
Wi-Fi, Lemo, Bluetooth
-30 to +60
Internal Li-Ion and ext
< 3.7W in RTK mode
<60s
<30s
<12s
3,1,3
RS-232, Ethernet, Bluetooth
110 - 115,000
-20 to +60
Internal Li-Ion and ext
6W
Smart Antenna with Internal Zephyr The Trimble SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna has an ultraModel 2 rugged GNSS smart antenna design with integrated wireless communications. It is ideal for construction applications such as grade checking, construction site surveying, site supervision, and as a temporary base station with traditional radio or Wi-Fi communications. Zephyr Model 2 The Trimble SPS855 GNSS Modular Receiver allows maximum Àexibility for use as a base station or rover. The modular receiver can be located in a safe location while the external antenna can be placed for maximum usability.
60s typ.
40s typ.
<5s typ.
2,1,1
int/opt ext
1.3 w/typical use
Int Patch
30s typ.
<5s typ.
2, 2
RS-232/Bluetooth/USB (selected model or 110 - 115,000 via separate accessory) Bluetooth/RS-232 110 - 115,000
-20 to +60
60s typ.
+0 to +60
int/opt. ext
<1
Int Patch/Opt Ext antenna
60s typ.
30s typ.
<5s typ.
2, 2
Bluetooth/RS-232
110 - 115,000
+0 to +60
int/opt. ext
<1
Int Patch/Opt Ext antenna
60s typ. 60s typ.
40s typ. 40s typ.
<5s typ. <5s typ.
1,1 1,1
Bluetooth/ USB Bluetooth/ USB
110 - 115,000 110 - 115,000
+0 to +60 -30 to +60
int/opt. ext int/opt. ext
In Patch/Opt Ext Patch In Patch/Opt Ext Patch
60s typ.
40s typ.
<5s typ.
1,1
Bluetooth/ USB
110 - 115,000
int/opt. ext
In Patch/Opt Ext Patch
Includes cellular capability (voice & data)
60s typ.
40s typ.
<5s typ.
1,2,1,1,1
Bluetooth/USB/RS232/ExpressCard/SDIO 110 - 115,000
In Patch
Ultra rugged tablet computer running Windows 7
60s typ.
30s typ.
<5s typ.
2,2
RS-232/Bluetooth/USB
110 - 115,000
-20 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F to +140 °F) -20 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F to +140 °F) -20 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F to 140 °F)
0.2 - 0.3 0.2 - 0.3 (without modem active) 0.2 - 0.3 (without modem active)
Ultra rugged handheld available in a number of con¿gurations (camera, barcode scanner, cellular data). Fully integrated Bluetooth GPS receiver for submeter accuracy Fully integrated Bluetooth® GPS receiver with H-Star technology for decimeter to subfoot accuracy Entry level GPS handheld Includes cellular capability (data)
ext/int
<1
Internal and external L1/L2 antenna Trimble Floodlight satellite shadow reduction technology
60s typ.
30s typ.
<5s typ.
2,2
RS-232/Bluetooth/USB
110 - 115,000
-20 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F to 140 °F)
ext/int
<1
Internal and external L1/L2 antenna Trimble Floodlight satellite shadow reduction technology
60s typ.
40s typ.
<5s typ.
1,1
Bluetooth/ USB
110 - 115,000
-30 °C to +60 °C (-22 °F to 140 °F)
ext/int
<0.5
Internal and external L1 antenna
60s typ.
40s typ.
<5s typ.
1,1
Bluetooth/ USB
110 - 115,000
-30 °C to +60 °C (-22 °F to 140 °F)
ext/int
<0.5
Internal and external L1 antenna
60s typ.
40s typ.
<5s typ.
1,1
RS-232/Bluetooth/USB
110 - 115,000
-20 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F to +140 °F)
ext/int
<0.5
Internal and external L1 antenna
60s typ.
40s typ.
<5s typ.
1,1
RS-232/Bluetooth/USB
109 - 115,000
-20 °C to +60 °C; (-4 °F ext/int to 140 °F)
<0.5
Internal and external L1 antenna
60s typ.
40s typ.
<5s typ.
1,1
RS-232/Bluetooth/USB
110 - 115,000
-20 °C to +60 °C; (-4 °F ext/int to 140 °F)
<4
Internal and external L1 antenna
<60s
<30s
<5s
1,3,1,2
Internal or external L1 antenna
<5s
1,3,1,2
-20 °C to +60 °C; (-4 °F external/internal to 140 °F) -30 to +60 C external/internal
<3.7W
<30s
<4.5W (typ)
Internal or external L1/L2 antenna
<60s
<30s
<5s
1,3,1,2
external/internal
<4.5W (typ)
Internal or external L1/L2 antenna
<60s
<30s
<30s
2,1,1
RS-232/Integrated virtual com ports/USB (via support module)/Bluetooth RS-232 (via cable adapter) /Integrated virtual com ports/USB/Bluetooth RS-232 (via cable adapter) /Integrated virtual com ports/USB/Bluetooth Bluetooth/USB/RS232/9 pin Serial/SD
110 - 115,000
<60s
int/opt ext
<1.5
port
32 s
5s
2s
2,1,1
USB, HDMI,
<60s <60s <60s <60s
<2s <2s <2s <2s
<2s <2s <2s <2s
3 3 3 4
RS-232, RS-422 RS-232, RS-422 RS-232, RS-422 RS-232, RS-422, DP-RAM
<60s
<2s
<2s
4
RS-232, RS-422, A24 and A32 VME
<60s
<2s
<2s
4
ARINC-429, RS-422, RS-232
29 s (1 s hot and aided starts)
28 s (1 s hot and aided starts)
<1s
4
1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C
29 s (1 s hot and aided starts)
28 s (1 s hot and aided starts)
<1s
4
1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C
Bluetooth
www.gpsworld.com
110-115000
-30C to 60C
int/opt. ext
Int/opt.ex
Description or Comments
Includes 3G cellular data capability, and Trimble Floodlight Technology. Includes 3G cellular data capability, and Trimble Floodlight Technology. Ultra rugged handheld available as a 3.75G Smart phone in WEHH or Android models.
In Patch and optional external connection
Ultra rugged tablet computer running Windows 7 with true direct sun readable display
variable variable variable variable variable variable
–40 to +85 –40 to +85 –54 to +85 –54 to +85 -40 to +55 -20 to +55
ext ext ext ext
<4W <6W <6W <7.5W
+5VDC Active L1/L2 FRPA +5VDC Active L1/L2 FRPA Various FRPA/CRPA/DAE Various FRPA/CRPA/DAE
SAASM Compliant SAASM Compliant SAASM Compliant SAASM Compliant
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s 4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s 4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
ext
<7.5W
Various FRPA/CRPA/DAE
SAASM Compliant
-40 to +85
ext
<15W
+5VDC Active L1/L2 FRPA
SAASM Compliant
-40 to +85
1.4 V – 3.6 V
E (passive & active)
u-blox 7 GPS, GLONASS & QZSS single-chip, standard grade, QFN package
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
1.4 V – 3.6 V
35 mW @ 1.4 V (Continuous), 9 mW @ 1.4 V Power Save mode (1 Hz) 35 mW @ 1.4 V (Continuous), 9 mW @ 1.4 V Power Save mode (1 Hz)
E (passive & active)
u-blox 7 GPS, GLONASS & QZSS single-chip, standard grade, QFN package
January 2013 | GPS World
21
receiver survey 2013 | Sponsored by Position: autonomous (code) / realtime differential (code) / ; real-time kinematic/post-processed 2 GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP); GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na
Time (nanosec)
Position Àx update rate (sec)
50 (RMS)
up to 10
na
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
up to 10
8 x 8 x 0.85mm
na
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
CDHLMMetNPTV2
8 x 8 x 0.85mm
na
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPTV2
5 x 6 x 1.1mm
na
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/ MSAS/GAGAN
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPTV2
8.0 x 8.0 x 0.85mm
na
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPTV2
BB: 9 x 9mm; RF: 4 x 4mm
na
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS: All in view, sequentially WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass). All SBAS. GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS: All in view, sequentially WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass). All SBAS. GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS: All in view, sequentially WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass). All SBAS. GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS: All in view, sequentially WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass). All SBAS. GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS: All in view, sequentially WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass). All SBAS. GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS: All in view, sequentially WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass). All SBAS. L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
9.7 x 10.1 x 2.5mm
1.4g
GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP); GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na
50 (RMS)
up to 10
CDHLMMetNPV2
9.7 x 10.1 x 2.5mm
1.4g
GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP); GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na
50 (RMS)
up to 10
CDHLMMetNPV2
9.7 x 10.1 x 2.5mm
1.4g
GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP); GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na
50 (RMS)
up to 10
CDHLMMetNPV2
12.2 x 16.0 x 2.4mm
1.6g
GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP); GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na
50 (RMS)
up to 10
CDHLMMetNPV2
12.2 x 16.0 x 2.4mm
1.6g
GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP); GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na
50 (RMS)
up to 10
CDHLMMetNPV2
17.0 x 22.4 x 2.4mm
2.1g
GPS: 2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP); GLONASS: 4.0m/na/na/na
50 (RMS)
up to 10
CDHLMMetNPV2
6.5 x 8 x 1.2mm
0.8 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
4
Manufacturer
Model
Channels/tracking mode
Signal tracked
u-blox continued
UBX-G7020-CT u-blox 7 GPS/GNSS single chip; Standard Grade
56 par
UBX-G6010-ST u-blox 6 GPS single chip; Standard Grade UBX-G6010-SA u-blox 6 GPS single chip; Automotive Grade UBX-G6010-SA(ST)-DR u-blox 6 GPS single chip with Dead Reckoning; Automotive & Standard Grade UBX-G6010-NT u-blox 6 GPS single chip; Standard Grade
User environment and application 1
Size (W x H x D)
Weight
GPS/QZSS L1 C/A, GLONASS L1 FDMA, SBAS: All in view, sequentially WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass). All SBAS.
CDHLMMetNPTV2
5.0 x 5.0 x 0.55mm
na
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/ MSAS/GAGAN
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPTV2
Product
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/ MSAS/GAGAN
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPTV2
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/ MSAS/GAGAN
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/ MSAS/GAGAN
UBX-G6010-ST-TM GPS receiver single chip with Precision Timing UBX-G6000-BA + UBX50 par G0010-QA u-blox 6 GPS Chipset (RF + Baseband) MAX-7C GPS/GNSS Module 56 par
MAX-7Q GPS/GNSS Module 56 par
MAX-7W GPS/GNSS Module
56 par
NEO-7N GPS/GNSS Module 56 par
NEO-7M GPS/GNSS Module
56 par
LEA-7N GPS/GNSS Module 56 par
UniStrong www.unistrong.com/english
22
Maximum number of satellites tracked
AMY-6M GPS Module
50 par
NEO-6M GPS Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
12.2 x 16.0 x 2.4mm
1.6 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
NEO-6Q GPS Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
12.2 x 16.0 x 2.4mm
1.6 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
NEO-6G GPS Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
12.2 x 16.0 x 2.4mm
1.6 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
NEO-6P GPS PPP Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
12.2 x 16.0 x 2.4mm
1.6 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
NEO-6T GPS Timing module 50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
12.2 x 16.0 x 2.4mm
1.6 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
NEO-6V GPS Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
12.2 x 16.0 x 2.4mm
1.6 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
MAX-6G GPS Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
9.7 x 10.1 x 2.5mm
1.4 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
MAX-6Q GPS Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
9.7 x 10.1 x 2.5mm
1.4 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
LEA-6A GPS Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
17 x 22.4 x 3mm
2.1 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
LEA-6H GPS Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
17 x 22.4 x 3mm
2.1 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
LEA-6S GPS Module
50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
17 x 22.4 x 3mm
2.1 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
LEA-6T GPS Timing Module 50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
17 x 22.4 x 3mm
2.1 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
LEA-6R Dead Reckoning GPS Module
L1, C/A code, DGPS,; WAAS/EGNOS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
DLNPV2
17 x 22.4 x 3mm
2.1 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
1
LEA-6N GPS/GNSS Module 50 par
L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, GLONASS, WAAS/ EGNOS/MSAS
All in view (GPS, GALILEO or SBAS)
CDHLMMetNPV2
17 x 22.4 x 3mm
2.1 g
<2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
50 (RMS)
5
u-blox (Fastrax) UP501 GPS 22 tracking + 66 antenna module acquisition
L1, C/A–code and CP
22
ACHLMNTV2
22 x 8 x 22mm
9g
2.7m CEP95/1.5mCEP
50 (RMS)
1, use def to 10Hz
u-blox (Fastrax) IT530M GPS/GNSS module u-blox (Fastrax) UC530M GPS/GNSS antenna module u-blox (Fastrax) IT530 GPS Module Fastrax UC530 GPS antenna module Loka GGD
33 tracking + 99 acquisition 33 tracking + 99 acquisition 22 tracking + 66 acquisition 22 tracking + 66 acquisition 117
L1, C/A–code and CP
33
ACHLMNTV2
9.6 x 9.6 x 1.85mm
0.4g
2.7m CEP95/1.5mCEP
50 (RMS)
1, use def to 10Hz
L1, C/A–code and CP
33
ACHLMNTV2
9.6 x 14.0 x 1.95mm
0.5g
2.7m CEP95/1.5mCEP
50 (RMS)
1, use def to 10Hz
L1, C/A–code and CP
22
ACHLMNTV2
9.6 x 9.6 x 1.85mm
0.4g
2.7m CEP95/1.5mCEP
50 (RMS)
1, use def to 10Hz
L1, C/A–code and CP
22
ACHLMNTV2
9.6 x 14.0 x 1.95mm
0.5g
2.7m CEP95/1.5mCEP
50 (RMS)
1, use def to 10Hz
27
DGHLMNOR1
215mm x 97mm x 57mm
710g
1.5m/0.3m/1cm/5mm 1-sigma
na
1Hz
Loka GG Odin+
14 50
L1/L2, C/A & P code & CP, (SBAS) and GLONASS GPS/Glonass L1, (SBAS) L1, C/A code, L1 Galileo, WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS
DGHLMNOR1 GHLMNO1
1Hz 1Hz
50
L1 C/A code,L1 carrier, (SBAS)
2~5m/1~3m/na/na
na
1Hz
50
L1 C/A code, (SBAS)
50
GHLMNO1
2~5m
na
1Hz
Mona 15
50
L1 C/A code, (SBAS)
50
CGHLMNO1
112mm x 68mm x 37mm
710g 250g(w/o battery) 250g(w/o battery) 200g(w/o battery) 132g
na na
Deva
215mm x 97mm x 57mm 179.5mm x 91.2mm x 31.5mm 179.5mm x 91.2mm x 31.5mm 140mm x 77mm x 23mm
1.5m/0.5m + 1ppm/na/5mm + 1ppm <2.5m/<2m/na/na (CEP)
Odin
14 All in view (GPS,; GALILEO or SBAS) 50
2~5m
na
1Hz
Mona 12 Hunter
50 220
L1 C/A code, (SBAS) L1/L2/L5, GLONASS L1/L2, SBAS, GIOVE-A & GIOVE-B
50 44
CGHLMNO1 DGLMOR1
112mm x 68mm x 37mm ∮184mm, H 96mm
2~5m 1–5m/0.25m + 0.5ppm/8mm +; 1ppm/3mm + 0.1 ppm
na na
1Hz 1Hz
Walle
50
L1 C/A code, (SBAS)
50
CGHLMNO1
na
1Hz
50
L1 C/A code, (SBAS)
50
CGHLMNO1
213mm x 133mm x 17.5mm 134.5mm x 71mm x 17.8mm
2~5m/1~3m/na/na
Eva
132g 1.2kg(include internal battery) 550g(with battery) 200g(with battery)
2~5m/1~3m/na/na
na
1Hz
GPS World | January 2013
16 par.
GHLMNO1
www.gpsworld.com
| receiver survey 2013
Sponsored by Cold start 3
Warm start 4
Reacquisition 5
No. of ports
Port type
Baud rate
Operating temperature Power source (degrees Celsius)
Power consumption (Watts)
Antenna type 6
Description or Comments
29 s (1 s hot and aided starts)
28 s (1 s hot and aided starts)
<1s
4
1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
1.4 V – 3.6 V
E (passive & active)
u-blox 7 GPS, GLONASS & QZSS single-chip, standard grade, chip-carrier package
26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts)
26s
<1s
4
1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5 - 3.6 V
35 mW @ 1.4 V (Continuous), 9 mW @ 1.4 V Power Save mode (1 Hz) < 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Galileo ready; Automotive Grade; Capture & Process mode
26s
<1s
4
1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5 - 3.6 V
< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Galileo ready; Embedded Automotive Dead Reckoning; Capture & Process mode
26s
<1s
4
1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5 - 3.6 V
< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Galileo ready; Standard Grade; Smallest chip pro¿le; Capture & Process mode
26 s (1 s hot and aided starts)
26s
<1s
4
1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C
as above
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5 - 3.6 V
< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 29 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 29 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 29 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 29 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 29 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 29 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 32 s (<3 s hot and aided starts) 32 s (<3 s hot and aided starts) 27 s (<3 s hot and aided starts) 29 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 29 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 27 s (2 s hot and aided starts) 26 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 33s
26s
<1s
4
1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5 - 3.6 V
< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Precision Timing: 2 timepulse outputs (up to 10 MHz), Output timepulse with at least one satellite in view, Stationary mode for GPS timing operation, Time mark of external event inputs as above plus Àash memory support
26s
<1s
4
2 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5 - 3.6 V
E (passive & active)
RF front end dedicated to Capture & Process
28 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 28 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 28 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 28 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 28 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 28 s (1 s hot and aided starts) 26s
<1s
2
1 x UART, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
1.65 V – 3.6 V
47 mW @ 1.8 V (Continuous)
E (passive & active)
Compact, low-power GPS/GLONASS/QZSS/Galileo module, std. crystal
<1s
2
1 x UART, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
2.7 V – 3.6 V
47 mW @ 1.8 V (Continuous)
E (passive & active)
Compact, low-power GPS/GLONASS/QZSS/Galileo module, TCXO
2
1 x UART, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
2.7 V – 3.6 V
47 mW @ 1.8 V (Continuous)
E (passive & active)
Compact, low-power GPS/GLONASS/QZSS/Galileo module, TCXO
<1s
4
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
2.7 V – 3.6 V
47 mW @ 1.8 V (Continuous)
E (passive & active)
Versatile, multi-GNSS module for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS
<1s
4
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
1.65 V – 3.6 V
47 mW @ 1.8 V (Continuous)
E (passive & active)
Versatile, multi-GNSS module for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS
<1s
3
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
2.7 V – 3.6 V
69 mW @ 3 V (Continuous)
E (passive & active)
High-performance multi-GNSS module for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS
<1s
4
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V; 2.5 - 3.6 V
<50 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Standard crystal
26s
<1s
5
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
<50 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
TCXO
26s
<1s
4
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
<50 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
TCXO
26s
<1s
4
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V
<50 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
32s
<1s
4
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C
as above
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V
<50 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Precision Point Positioning
32s
<1s
4
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
<50 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
GPS module with embedded stand-alone Automotive Dead Reckoning (ADR), ¿rst mount
29s
<1s
4
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x SPI, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V
<50 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Integrated Dead Reckoning
29s
<1s
2
1 x UART, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
1.75 - 2.0 V
<50 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Similar to NEO-6Q smaller package and fewer interfaces
29s
<1s
2
1 x UART, 1 x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
<80 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Integrated antenna supply and supervisor
26s
<1s
3
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
<80 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Integrated antenna supply and supervisor
26s
<1s
3
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
<80 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Integrated antenna supply and supervisor, Àash
26s
<1s
3
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
<80 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Integrated antenna supply and supervisor
26s
<1s
3
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x I2C
4,800 - 115,200 bps; USB: 12 Mb/s
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
< 30 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
Precision tiiming module
27s
<1s
3
1 x UART, 1 x USB, 1 x SPI
9600 con¿gurable
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
<80 mW; PSM, 1Hz
E (passive & active)
GPS module with embedded stand-alone Automotive Dead Reckoning (ADR), after-market
26s
<1s
3
1 x USB, 1 x UART, 1x I2C
9600 con¿gurable
-40 to +85
2.7 - 3.6 V
Internal battery last 10 hours/charge
E (passive & active)
GPS and GLONASS modes
33s
<1s
1
UART
9600 con¿gurable
-40 to +85
ext.
75 mW at 3.0 V
int, passive patch
29s
23s
<1s
2
UART
9600 con¿gurable
-40 to +85
ext.
57 mW at 3.0 V
ext., active or passive
29s
23s
<1s
2
UART
9600 con¿gurable
-40 to +85
ext.
66 mW at 3.0 V
31s
31s
<1s
2
UART
9600
–20 to +60
ext.
35 mW at 3.0 V
int, chip antenna; ext, active or passive ext., active or passive
31s
31s
<1s
2
UART
9600
–20 to +60
ext.
45 mW at 3.0 V
<60s
<30s
<1 s
3
USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna
9600
–20 to +60
Int./ext.
<2W with GPS on
int, chip antenna; ext, active of passive Internal and External
Extremely sensitive module with integrated patch antenna using MTK 3329 chipset. Alternative versions are UP501B, UP501D. Extremely sensitive module using MTK 3333 chipset. Parallel GPS/GLONASS support. Extremely sensitive module with integrated chip antenna using MTK 3333 chipset. Parallel GPS/GLONASS support. Extremely sensitive module using MTK 3339 chipset. GPS support. Extremely sensitive module with integrated chip antenna using MTK 3339 chipset. GPS support. High Accuracy GNSS Handheld, Dual frequency, WCDMA
<65s <35s 26s (1s hot and 26s aided starts) 60s 30s
<1 s <1 s
3 3
USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna
9600 9600
–20 to +60 –20 to +60
Int./ext. Int./ext.
<1.2W with GPS on 0.5W
Internal and External Internal and External
High Accuracy GNSS Handheld, Single frequency, WCDMA Handheld Mobile GIS Solution, VGA display & WCDMA
<1 s
3
USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna
na
–20 to +60
Int./ext.
0.5W
Internal and External
Handheld Mobile GIS Solution, WCDMA
35s
1s
<1 s
3
USB, Bluetooth, GNSS Antenna
na
–20 to +60
Int./ext.
0.5W
Internal and External
Compact Handheld Mobile GIS Solution, WCDMA
38s
3s
<1 s
1
USB
115,200 RS-232
–40 to +75
Int./ext.
0.5W
Internal
38s <60s
3s <30s
<1 s <15s
1 4
USB Power port + RS232, RS232 + USB, Battery charge port, TNC port
na na
–20 to +60 –20 to +60
Int./ext. Int./ext.
0.5W 2W
Internal Internal
Compact GPS/GIS Handheld, with Electronic compass & Barometric altimeter Compact GPS/GIS Handheld Plug-and -play design convenient to transfer data, Long UHF working distance, Support VRS or other NTRIP application.
35s
1s
<1 s
4
0.5W
Internal
1s
<1 s
2
USB, Bluetooth, 3.5mm av port, Mini HDMI USB, Bluetooth
Int./ext.
35s
Int./ext.
0.5W
Internal
www.gpsworld.com
Built-in sensor, Bluetooth, Wi¿, WCDMA(with call function), RFID reader Built-in sensor, Bluetooth, Wi¿, WCDMA(with call function),RFID reader
January 2013 | GPS World
23
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Integration with Other Technologies |
GNSS deSiGN
Spectrum Interference Standards Seeking a Win-Win Rebound from Lose-Lose Christopher J. Hegarty
Based upon lessons learned from the LightSquared situation, the author identifies important considerations for GPS spectrum interference standards, recommended by the PNT EXCOM for future commercial proposals in bands adjacent to the RNSS band to avoid interference to GNSS. ▲
O
n January 13, 2012, the U.S. National Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Executive Committee (PNT EXCOM) met in Washington, D.C., to discuss the latest round of testing of the radiofrequency compatibility between GPS and a terrestrial mobile broadband network proposed by LightSquared. The proposed network included base stations transmitting in the 1525 – 1559 MHz band and handsets transmitting in the 1626.5 – 1660.5 MHz band. These bands are adjacent to the 1559 – 1610 MHz radionavigation satellite service (RNSS) band used by GPS and other satellite navigation systems. Based upon the test results, the EXCOM unanimously concluded that “both LightSquared’s original and modified plans for its proposed mobile network would cause harmful interference to many GPS receivers,” and that further “there appear to be no practical solutions or mitigations” to allow the network to operate in the nearterm without resulting in significant interference. The LightSquared outcome was a lose-lose in the sense www.gpsworld.com
typIcal cellular base-station tower.
that billions were spent by the investors in LightSquared and, as noted by the EXCOM, “substantial federal resources have been expended and diverted from other programs in testing and analyzing LightSquared’s proposals.” To avoid a similar situation in the future, the EXCOM proposed the development of “GPS Spectrum interference standards that will help inform future proposals for non-space, commercial uses in the bands adjacent to the GPS signals and ensure that any such proposals are implemented without affecting existing and evolving uses of space-based PNT services.” This article identifies and describes several important considerations in the development of GPS spectrum interference standards towards achieving the stated EXCOM goals. These include the identification of characteristics of adjacent band systems and an assessment of the susceptibility of all GPS receiver types towards interference in adjacent bands. Also of vital importance to protecting GPS receivers is an understanding of the January 2013 | GPS World
59
GNSS DESIGN | Integration with Other Technologies
user base, applications, and where the receivers for each application may be located while in use. This information, along with the selection of proper propagation models, allows one to establish transmission limits on new adjacent-band systems that will protect currently fielded GPS receivers. The article further comments on the implications of the evolution of GPS and foreign satellite navigation systems upon the development of efficacious spectrum interference standards.
Adjacent Band Characteristics The type of adjacent-band system for which there is currently the greatest level of interest is a nationwide wireless fourth-generation (4G) terrestrial network to support the rapidly growing throughput demands of personal mobile devices. Such a nationwide network would likely consist of tens of thousands of base stations distributed throughout the United States and millions of mobile devices. The prevalent standard at the present time is Long Term Evolution (LTE), which is being deployed by all of the major U.S. carriers. LTE and Advanced LTE provide an ef¿cient physical layer for mobile wireless services. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a competing wireless communication standard for 4G wireless that is a fardistant second in popularity. For the purposes of the discussion within this article, an LTE network is assumed with characteristics similar to that proposed by LightSquared but perhaps with base stations and mobile devices that transmit upon different center frequencies and bandwidths. The primary characteristics include: ◾ Tens of thousands of base stations nationwide, reusing frequencies in a cellular architecture, with the density of base stations peaking in urban areas. ◾ Base-station antennas at heights 60
GPS World | January 2013
▲
radiated testing of GPS receiver susceptibility to LightSquared emissions within an anechoic chamber at White Sands Missile Range (courtesy of the United States Air Force).
from sub-meter to 150 meters above ground level (AGL), with a typical height of 20–30 meters AGL. Each base station site has 1–3 sector antennas mounted on a tower such that peak power is transmitted at a downtilt of 2–6 degrees below the local horizon, with a 60–70 degree horizontal 3-dB beamwidth and 8–9 degree vertical 3-dB beamwidth. ◾ Peak effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) in the vicinity of 20–40 dBW (100–10,000 W) per sector. ◾ Mobile devices transmit at a peak EIRP of around 23 dBm (0.2 W), but substantially lower most of the time when lower power levels suf¿ce to achieve a desired quality of service as determined using real-time power control techniques. ◾ As LTE uses ef¿cient transmission protocols, emissions can be accurately modeled as brickwall, that is, con¿ned to a ¿nite bandwidth around the carrier. Throughout this article it will be presumed that LTE emissions in the bands authorized for RNSS systems such as GPS will be
kept suf¿ciently low through regulatory means. The opening photo shows a typical base-station tower, with three sectors per cellular service provider and with multiple service providers sharing space on the tower, including non-cellular fixed point microwave providers. As a cellular network is being built out, coverage is at first most important, and many basestation sites will use minimum downtilt and peak EIRPs within the ranges described above. As the network matures, capacity becomes more important. High-traffic cells are split through the introduction of more base stations, and this is commonly accompanied by increased downtilts and lower EIRPs. The assumed characteristics for adjacent band systems plays a paramount role in determining compatibility with GPS, and obviously lower-power adjacent-band systems would be more compatible. If compatibility with GPS precludes 4G network implementation on certain underutilized frequencies adjacent to RNSS bands, then it may be prudent to refocus attention for these bands on alternative lower-power systems. www.gpsworld.com
Integration with Other Technologies |
GNSS deSiGN
◾ Not all receiver performance requirements were tested. ◾ Only a limited number of certi¿ed receivers were
▲
Figure 1 Certified aviation receiver interference mask.
GPS Receiver Susceptibility Over the past two years, millions of dollars have been expended to measure or analyze the susceptibility of GPS receivers to adjacent band interference as part of U.S. regulatory proceedings for LightSquared. Measurements were conducted through both radiated (see photo) and conducted tests at multiple facilities, as well as in a live-sky demonstration in Las Vegas. This section summarizes the ¿ndings for seven categories of GPS receivers. These categories, which were originally identi¿ed in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-mandated GPS-LightSquared Technical Working Group (TWG) formed in February 2011, are: aviation, cellular, general location/navigation, high-precision, timing, networks, and space-based receivers. Aviation. Certi¿ed aviation GPS receivers are one of the few receiver types for which interference requirements exist. These requirements take the form of an interference mask (see Figure 1) that is included in both domestic and international standards. Certi¿ed aviation GPS receivers must meet all applicable performance requirements in the presence of interference levels up to those indicated in the mask as a function of center frequency. In Figure 1 and throughout this article, all interference levels are referred to the output of the GPS receiver passive-antenna element. Although the mask only spans 1500–1640 MHz, within applicable domestic and international standards the curves are de¿ned to extend over the much wider range of frequencies from 1315 to 2000 MHz. A handful of aviation GPS receivers were tested against LightSquared emissions in both conducted and radiated campaigns. The results indicated that these receivers are compliant with the mask with potentially some margin. However, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) noted the following significant limitations of the testing: www.gpsworld.com
tested, and even those tested were not tested with every combination of approved equipment (for example, receiver/antenna pairings). ◾ Tests were not conducted in the environmental conditions that the equipment was certi¿ed to tolerate (for example, across the wide range of temperatures that an airborne active antenna experiences, and the extreme vibration pro¿le that is experienced by avionics upon some aircraft). Due to these limitations, the FAA focused attention upon the standards rather than the test results for LightSquared compatibility analyses, and these standards are also recommended for use in the development of national GPS interference standards. One finding from the measurements of aviation receivers that may be useful, however, is that the devices tested exhibited susceptibilities to out-of-band interference that were nearly constant as a function of interference bandwidth. This fact is useful since the outof-band interference mask within aviation standards is only defined for continuous-wave (pure tone) interference, whereas LightSquared and other potential adjacent-band systems use signals with bandwidths of 5 MHz or greater. Cellular. The TWG tested 41 cellular devices supplied by four U.S. carriers (AT&T, Sprint, US Cellular, and Verizon) against LightSquared emissions in the late spring/early summer of 2011. At least one of the 41 devices failed industry standards in the presence of a 5or 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1550 MHz at levels as low as –55 dBm, and at least one failed for a 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz at levels as low as –45 dBm. The worst performing cellular devices were either not production models or very old devices, and if the results for these devices are excluded, then the most susceptible device could tolerate a 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz at power levels of up to –30 dBm. Careful retesting took place in the fall of 2011, yielding a lower maximum susceptibility value of –27 dBm under the same conditions. general Location/Navigation. The TWG effort tested 29 general location/navigation devices. In the presence of a pair of 10-MHz LTE signals centered at 1531 MHz and 1550 MHz, the most susceptible device experienced a 1-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation when each LTE signal was received at –58.9 dBm. In the presence of a single 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz, the most susceptible device experienced a 1-dB SNR degradation when the interfering signal was received at –33 dBm. Much more extensive testing of the effects of a single LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz on general location/ navigation devices was conducted in the fall of 2011, January 2013 | GPS World
61
GNSS DESIGN | Integration with Other Technologies
▲ ▲
Figure 2 Example of NTIA-initiated receiver susceptibility measurements from 1998.
evaluating 92 devices. The final report on this campaign noted that 69 of the 92 devices experienced a 1-dB SNR decrease or greater when “at an equivalent distance of greater than 100 meters from the LightSquared simulated tower.” Since the tower was modeled as transmitting an EIRP of 62 dBm, the 100-meter separation is equivalent to a received power level of around –14 dBm. The two most susceptible devices experienced 1-dB SNR degradations at received power levels less than –45 dBm. High Precision, Timing, Networks. The early 2011 TWG campaign tested 44 high-precision and 13 timing receivers. 10 percent of the high-precision (timing) devices experienced a 1-dB or more SNR degradation in the presence of a 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1550 MHz at a received power level of –81 dBm (–72 dBm). With the 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz, this level increased to –67 dBm (–39 dBm). The reason that some high-precision GPS receivers are so sensitive to interference in the 1525–1559 MHz band is that they were built with wideband radiofrequency front-ends to intentionally process both GPS and mobile satellite service (MSS) signals. The latter signals provide differential GPS corrections supplied by commercial service providers that lease MSS satellite transponders, from companies including LightSquared. Space. Two space-based receivers were tested for the TWG study. The ¿rst was a current-generation receiver, and the second a next-generation receiver under development. The two receivers experienced 1-dB C/A-code SNR degradation with total interference power levels of –59 dBm and –82 dBm in the presence of two 5-MHz LTE signals centered at 1528.5 MHz and 1552.7 MHz. For a single 10-MHz LTE signal centered at 1531 MHz, the levels corresponding to a 1-dB C/A-code SNR degradation increased to –13 dBm and –63 dBm. The next-generation receiver was more susceptible to adjacent-band interference because it was developed to “be reprogrammed in Àight to different frequencies over 62
GPS World | January 2013
Figure 3 Measurements of received power levels from one experimental LightSquared base station sector in Las Vegas livesky testing.
the full range of GNSS and augmentation signals.” Discussion. Although extensive amounts of data were produced, the LightSquared studies are insuf¿cient by themselves for the development of GPS interference standards, since they only assessed the susceptibility of GPS receivers to interference at the speci¿c carrier frequencies and with the speci¿c bandwidths proposed by LightSquared. If GPS interference standards are to be developed for additional bands, then much more comprehensive measurements will be necessary. Interestingly, NTIA in 1998 initiated a GPS receiver interference susceptibility study, funded by the Department of Defense (DoD) and conducted by DoD’s Joint Spectrum Center. One set of curves produced by the study is shown in Figure 2. This format would be a useful output of a further measurement campaign. The curves depict the interference levels needed to produce a 1-dB SNR degradation to one GPS device as the bandwidth and center frequency of the interference is varied. The NTIA curves only extended from GPS L1 (1575.42 MHz) ± 20 MHz. A much wider range would be needed to develop GPS interference standards as envisioned by the PNT EXCOM. It may be possible, to minimize testing, to exclude certain ranges of frequencies corresponding to bands that stakeholders agree are unlikely to be repurposed for new (for example, mobile broadband) systems.
Receiver-Transmitter Proximity The LightSquared studies, with the exception of those focused on aviation and space applications, spent far less attention to receiver-transmitter proximity. Minimum separation distances and the associated geometry are obviously very important towards determining the maximum interference level that might be expected for a given LTE network (or other adjacent band system) laydown. Within the TWG, the assumption generally made for other (non-aviation, non-space) GPS receiver categories www.gpsworld.com
Integration with Other Technologies |
▲
Figure 4 Received power in dBm at the output of a GPS patch antenna from one 30 dBW EIRP LTE base station sector at 20 meters.
was that they could see power levels that were measured in Las Vegas a couple of meters above the ground from a live LightSquared tower. Figure 3 shows one set of received power measurements from Las Vegas. In the figure, the dots are measured received power levels made by a test van. The top curve is a prediction of received power based upon the free-space path-loss model. The bottom curve is a prediction based upon the Walfisch-Ikegami line-of-sight (WILOS) propagation model. The NPEF studies presumed that the user could be within the boresight of a sector antenna even within small distances of the antenna (where the user would need to be at a significant height above ground). The difference between the above received LTE signal power assumptions has been hotly debated, especially after LightSquared proposed limiting received power levels from the aggregate of all transmitting base stations as measured a couple of meters above the ground in areas accessible to a test vehicle. After summarizing the aviation scenarios developed by the FAA, this section highlights scenarios where so-called terrestrial GPS receivers can be at above-ground heights well over 2 meters. The importance of accurately understanding transmitterreceiver proximity is illustrated by Figure 4. This shows predicted received power levels for one LTE base station sector transmitting with an EIRP of 30 dBW and with an antenna height of 20 meters (65.6 feet). The figure was produced assuming the free-space path-loss model and a typical GPS patch-antenna gain pattern for the user. Note that maximum received power levels are very sensitive to the victim GPS receiver antenna height. Aviation. The ¿rst LightSquared-GPS study conducted for civil aviation was completed by the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautic (RTCA) upon a request www.gpsworld.com
GNSS deSiGN
▲
Figure 5 Area where GPS use must be sssured for fixed-wing aircraft.
▲
Figure 6 Area where GPS use must be assured for rotary-wing aircraft.
from the FAA. Due to the extremely short requested turnaround time (3 months), RTCA consciously decided not to devote any of the available time developing operational scenarios, but rather re-used scenarios that it had developed for earlier interference studies. It was later realized that the combination of ¿ve re-used scenarios and assumed LightSquared network characteristics did not result in an accurate identi¿cation of the most stressing real-world scenarios. For instance, within the RTCA report, base stations’ towers were all assumed to be 30 meters in height. At this height, towers could not be close to runway thresholds where aircraft are Àying very low to the ground, because this situation would be precluded by obstacle clearance surfaces. Later studies used actual base-station locations, from which the aviation community became aware that cellular service providers do place base stations close to airports by utilizing lower base-station heights as necessary to keep the antenna structure just below obstacle clearance surfaces. The FAA completed an assessment of LightSquaredGPS compatibility in January 2012 that identified scenarios where certified aviation receivers could experience much higher levels of interference than was assessed in the RTCA report. The areas where fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft rely on GPS are depicted in Figures 5 And 6 (above the connected line segments), respectively. Aircraft rely upon GPS for navigation and Terrain Awareness and Warning Systems (TAWS). Helicopter low-level en-route navigation and TAWS for fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft are perhaps the most challenging scenarios for ensuring GPS compatibility with adjacentband cellular networks. In these scenarios, the aircraft can be within the boresight of cellular sector antennas and in very close proximity, resulting in very high receivedpower levels. The FAA attempted to provide some leeway for LightSquared while maintaining safe functionality of TAWS through the concept of exclusion zones (see Figure 7). The idea of an exclusion zone is that, at least for cellular base-station transmitters on towers that are January 2013 | GPS World
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GNSS DESIGN | Integration with Other Technologies
▲
▲
FiguRe 7 Example exclusion area around base station to protect TAWS.
FiguRe 8 Distribution of heights for CORS sites.
included within TAWS databases, that it would be permitted for the GPS function to not be available for very small zones around the LTE base-station tower. This concept is currently notional only; the FAA plans to more carefully evaluate the feasibility of this concept and appropriate exclusion-zone size with the assistance of other aviation industry stakeholders. High-precision and Networks: Reference Stations. To gain insight into typical reference-station heights for differential GPS networks, the AGL heights of sites comprising the Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network organized by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) were determined. The assessment procedure is detailed in the Appendix. FiguRe 8 portrays a histogram of estimated AGL heights for the 1543 operational sites within the continental United States (CONUS) as of February 2012. The accuracy of the estimated AGL heights is on the order of 16 meters, 90 percent, limited primarily by the quality of the terrain data that was utilized. The mean and 64
GPS World | January 2013
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Bow HigHRiSe under construction in Calgary, showing GPS receivers in use (photos courtesy Rocky Annett, MMM Group Ltd.) www.gpsworld.com
Integration with Other Technologies |
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FiGUrE 9 Cellular antennas atop Westview Condominium Building in downtown Nashville.
median site heights are 5.7 and 5.2 meters, respectively. RALR, atop the Archdale Building in Raleigh, North Carolina, was the tallest identified site at 64.1 meters. This site, however, was decommissioned in January 2012 (although it was identified as operational in a February 2012 NGS listing of sites). The second tallest site identified is WVHU in Huntington, West Virginia at 39.6 meters, which is still operational atop of a Marshall University building. 223 of the 1543 CORS sites within CONUS have AGL heights greater than 10 meters, and furthermore the taller sites tend to be in urban areas where cellular networks tend to have the greatest base-station density. High Precision and Networks: End Users. Many high-precision end users employ GPS receivers at considerable heights above ground. For instance, high-precision receivers are relied upon within modern construction methods. The adjacENt PHotos show GPS receivers used for the construction of a 58-story skyscraper called The Bow in Calgary, Canada. For this project, a rooftop control network was established on top of neighboring buildings using both GPS receivers and other surveying equipment (for example, 360-degree prisms for total stations), and GPS receivers were moved up with each successive stage of the building to keep structural components plumb and properly aligned. Similar techniques are being used for the Freedom Tower, the new World Trade Center, in New York City, and many other current construction projects. Other terrestrial applications that rely on high-precision GPS receivers at high altitudes include structural monitoring and control of mechanical equipment such as gantry cranes. At times, even ground-based survey receivers can be substantially elevated. Although a conventional surveying pole or tripod typically places the GPS antenna 1.5 – 2 meters above the ground, much longer poles are available and occasionally used in areas where obstructions are present. 4-meter GPS poles are often utilized, and poles of up to 40 ft (12.2 meters) are available from survey supply companies. General Location/Navigation. Although controlling received www.gpsworld.com
GNSS deSiGN
power from a cellular network at 2 meters AGL may be suitable to protect many general navigation/location users, it is not adequate by itself. For example, GPS receivers are used for tracking trucks and for positive train control (the latter mandated in the United States per the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008). GPS antennas for trucks and trains are often situated on top of these vehicles. Large trucks in the United States for use on public roads can be up to 13 ft, 6 in (~4.1 meters), and a typical U.S. locomotive height is 15 ft, 5 in (~4.7 meters). Especially in a mature network that is using high downtilts, received power at these AGL heights can be substantially higher than at 2 meters. Within the TWG and NPEF studies, the general location/navigation GPS receiver category is defined to include non-certified aviation receivers. One notable application is the use of GPS to navigate unmanned aerial vehicles. UAVs are increasingly being used for law enforcement, border control, and many other applications where the UAV can be expected to occasionally pass within the boresight of cellular antennas at short ranges. cellular. The majority of Americans own cell phones, and a growing number are using cell phones as a replacement for landlines within their home. Already, 70 percent of 911 calls are made on mobile phones. Although pedestrians and car passengers are often within 2 meters of the ground, this is not always the case. FiGUrE 9 shows three cellular sector antennas situated atop a building ¿lled with residential condominiums. The rooftop is accessible and frequently used by the building inhabitants. According to an online real estate advertisement, “The Garden Roof was voted the Best Green Roof in Town and provides amazing 360 degree views of downtown Nashville as well as four separate sitting areas and fabulous landscaping.” One of the sector antennas is pointing towards the opposite corner of the building. If the downtilt is in the vicinity of 2–6 degrees, then it is quite likely that a person making a 911 call from the rooftop could see a received power level of –10 dBm to 0 dBm, high enough to disrupt GPS within most cellular devices if the antennas were transmitting in the 1525–1559 MHz band. This situation is not unusual. Many cellular base stations are situated on rooftops in urban areas, and many illuminate living areas in adjacent buildings. In recent years, New York City even considered legislation to protect citizens from potential harmful effects of the more than 2,600 cell sites in the city, since many sites are in very close proximity to residential areas.
Propagation Models Within the LightSquared proceedings, there was a tremendous amount of debate regarding propagation January 2013 | GPS World
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GNSS DESIGN | Integration with Other Technologies
models. Communication-system service providers typically use propagation models that are conservative in their estimates of received power levels in the sense that they overestimate propagation losses. This conservatism is necessary so that the service can be provided to end users with high availability. From the standpoint of potential victims of interference, however, it is seen as far more desirable to underestimate propagation losses so that interference can be kept below an acceptable level a very high percentage of time. As shown in Figure 3, some received power measurements from the Las Vegas live-sky test indicate values even greater than would be predicted using free-space propagation model. Statistical models that allow for this possible were used in the FAA Status Report. The general topic of propagation models is worthy of future additional study if GPS interference standards are to be developed.
Future Considerations GPS is being modernized. Additionally, satellite navigation users now enjoy the fact that the Russian GLONASS system has recently returned to full strength with the repopulation of its constellation. In the next decade, satellite navigation users also eagerly anticipate the completion of two other global GNSS constellations: Europe’s Galileo and China’s Compass. Notably, between the GPS modernization program and the deployment of these other systems, satellite navigation users are expected to soon be relying upon equipment that is multifrequency and that needs to process many more signals with varied characteristics. New equipment offers an opportunity to insert new technologies such as improved ¿ltering, but of course the need to process additional signals and carrier frequencies may make GNSS equipment more susceptible to interference as well. Clearly, these developments will need to be carefully assessed to support the establishment of GPS spectrum interference standards. Summary This article has identified a number of considerations for the development of GPS interference standards, which have been proposed by the PNT EXCOM. If the United States proceeds with the development of such standards, it is hoped that the information within this article will prove useful to those involved. Appendix: AGL Heights of CORS Network Sites The National Geodetic Survey Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) website provides lists of CORS site locations in a number of different reference frames. To determine the height above ground level (hagl) for each site within this study, two of these ¿les (igs08_ 66
GPS World | January 2013
xyz_comp.txt and igs08_xyz_htdp.txt) were used. These two ¿les provide the (x,y,z) coordinates of the antenna reference point (ARP) for each site in the International GNSS Service 2008 (IGS08) reference frame, which is consistent with the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) of 2008. These coordinates are divided into two ¿les by NGS, since the site listings also provide site velocities and velocities are either computed (for sites that have produced data for at least 2.5 years) or estimated (for newer sites). The comp ¿le includes sites with computed velocities and the htdp ¿le includes sites with estimated velocities (using a NGS program known as HTDP). The data files can be used to readily produce height above the ellipsoid, hellipsoid, for each site. This height can be found using well-known equations to convert from (x, y, z) to (latitude, longitude, height). Obtaining estimates of hagl requires information on the geoid height and terrain data, per the relationship: hagl = hellipsoid – N - hterrain (A-1) For the results presented in this article, terrain data was obtained from http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov in the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) Level 2 format. For this terrain data, the horizontal datum is the World Geodetic System (WGS 84). The vertical datum is Mean Sea Level (MSL) as determined by the Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) 1996. Each data file covers a 1º by 1º degree cell in latitude/longitude, and individual points are spaced 1 arcsec in both latitude and longitude. The SRTM DTED Level 2 has a system design 16 meter absolute vertical height accuracy, 10 meters relative vertical height accuracy, and 20 meter absolute horizontal circular accuracy. All accuracies are at the 90 percent level. Considering the accuracies of the DTED data, the differences between WGS-84 and IGS08 as well as between the ARP and antenna phase center were considered negligible. Geoid heights were interpolated from 15-arcmin data available in the MATLAB Mapping Toolbox using the egm96geoid function. Lower AGL heights are preferred for CORS sites to minimize motion between the antenna and the Earth’s crust. However, many sites are at significant heights above the ground by necessity, particularly in urban areas due to the competing desire for good sky visibility. Christopher J. hegarty is the director for communications, navigation, and surveillance engineering and spectrum with The MITRE Corporation. He received a D.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from George Washington University. He is currently the chair of the Program Management Committee of the RTCA, Inc., and co-chairs RTCA Special Committee 159 (GNSS). He is the co-editor/co-author of the textbook Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, 2nd Edition.
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Algorithms and Methods |
innovAtion
Getting at the truth A Civilian GPS Position Authentication System Zhefeng Li and Demoz Gebre-Egziabher My UnIvERsIty, the University of New Brunswick, is one of the few institutes of higher learning still using Latin at its graduation exercises. The president and vice-chancellor of the university asks the members of the senate and board of governors present “Placetne vobis Senatores, placetne, Gubernatores, ut hi supplicatores admittantur?” (Is it your pleasure, Senators, is it your pleasure, Governors, that these supplicants be admitted?). In the Oxford tradition, a supplicant is a student who has qualified for their degree but who has not yet been admitted to it. Being a UNB senator, I was familiar with this usage of the word supplicant. But I was a little surprised when I first read a draft of the article in this month’s Innovation column with its use of the word supplicant to describe the status of a GPS receiver. If we look up the definition of supplicant in a dictionary, we find that it is “a person who makes a humble or earnest plea to another, especially to a person in power or authority.” InnovaTIon InSIGhTS Clearly, that describes our graduating students. with Richard Langley But what has it got to do with a GPS receiver? It’s not that difficult Well, it seems that the word supplicant has been taken up by engineers developing protocols for to generate false computer communication networks and with a similar meaning. In this case, a supplicant (a position reports. computer or rather some part of its operating system) at one end of a secure local area network seeks authentication to join the network by submitting credentials to the authenticator on the other end. If authentication is successful, the computer is allowed to join the network. The concept of supplicant and authenticator is used, for example, in the IEEE 802.1X standard for port-based network access control. Which brings us to GPS. When a GPS receiver reports its position to a monitoring center using a radio signal of some kind, how do we know that the receiver or its associated communications unit is telling the truth? It’s not that difficult to generate false position reports and mislead the monitoring center into believing the receiver is located elsewhere — unless an authentication procedure is used. In this month’s column, we look at the development of a clever system that uses the concept of supplicant and authenticator to assess the truthfulness of position reports. “Innovation” is a regular feature that discusses advances in GPS technology andits applications as well as the fundamentals of GPS positioning. The column is coordinated by Richard Langley of the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick. He welcomes comments and topic ideas. To contact him, see the “Contributing Editors” section on page 6.
www.gpsworld.com
T
his article deals with the problem of position authentication. The term “position authentication” as discussed in this article is taken to mean the process of checking whether position reports made by a remote user are truthful (Is the user where they say they are?) and accurate (In reality, how close is a remote user to the position they are reporting?). Position authentication will be indispensable to many envisioned civilian applications. For example, in the national airspace of the future, some traf¿c control services will be based on self-reported positions broadcast via ADS-B by each aircraft. Non-aviation applications where authentication will be required include tamper-free shipment tracking and smart-border systems to enhance cargo inspection procedures at commercial ports of entry. The discussions that follow are the outgrowth of an idea ¿rst presented by Sherman Lo and colleagues at Stanford University (see Further Reading). For illustrative purposes, we will focus on the terrestrial application of cargo tracking. Most of the commercial Àeet and asset tracking systems available in the market today depend on a GPS receiver installed on the cargo or asset. The GPS receiver provides realtime location (and, optionally, velocity) information. The location and the time when the asset was at a particular location form the tracking message, which is sent back to a monitoring center to verify if the asset is traveling in an expected manner. This method of tracking is depicted graphically in FIGURE 1. The approach shown in Figure 1 has at least two potential scenarios or fault January 2013 | GPS World
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innovation | algorithms and Methods
GPS satellite
GPS signal Message channel
Message packet • Time stamp • Location
User vehicle (with GPS receiver)
▲
Monitoring center
FIGURE 1 A typical asset tracking system.
modes, which can lead to erroneous tracking of the asset. The ¿rst scenario occurs when an incorrect position solution is calculated as a result of GPS RF signal abnormalities (such as GPS signal spoo¿ng). The second scenario occurs when the correct position solution is calculated but the tracking message is tampered with during the transmission from the asset being tracked to the monitoring center. The ¿rst scenario is a falsi¿cation of the sensor and the second scenario is a falsi¿cation of the transmitted position report. The purpose of this article is to examine the problem of detecting sensor or report falsi¿cation at the monitoring center. We discuss an authentication system utilizing the white-noise-like spreading codes of GPS to calculate an authentic position based on a snapshot of raw IF signal from the receiver.
Using White Noise as a Watermark The features for GPS position authentication should be very hard to reproduce and unique to different locations and time. In this case, the authentication process is reduced to detecting these features and checking if these features satisfy some time and space constraints. The features are similar to the welldesigned watermarks used to detect counterfeit currency. A white-noise process that is superimposed on the GPS signal would be a perfect watermark signal in the sense that it is impossible reproduce and predict. FIGURE 2 is an abstraction that shows how the above idea of a superimposed white-noise process would work in the signal authentication problem. The system has one transmitter, Tx , and two receivers, Rs and Ra. Rs is the supplicant and Ra is the authenticator. The task of the authenticator is to determine whether the supplicant is using a signal from Tx or is being spoofed by a malicious transmitter, Tm. Ra is the trusted source, which gets a copy of the authentic signal, Vx(t) (that is, the signal transmitted by Tx). The snapshot signal, Vs(t), received at Rs is sent to the trusted agent to compare with the signal, Va(t), received at Ra. Every time a veri¿cation is performed, the snapshot signal from Rs is compared with a piece of the signal from 68
GPS World | January 2013
Ra. If these two pieces of signal match, we can say the snapshot signal from Rs was truly transmitted from Tx. For the white-noise signal, match detection is accomplished via a cross-correlation operation (see Further Reading). The crosscorrelation between one white-noise signal and any other signal is always zero. Only when the correlation is between the signal and its copy will the correlation have a nonzero value. So a non-zero correlation means a match. The time when the correlation peak occurs provides additional information about the distance between Ra and Rs. Unfortunately, generation of a white-noise watermark template based on a mathematical model is impossible. But, as we will see, there is an easy-to-use alternative.
An Intrinsic GPS Watermark The RF carrier broadcast by each GPS satellite is modulated by the coarse/acquisition (C/A) code, which is known and which can be processed by all users, and the encrypted P(Y) code, which can be decoded and used by Department of Defense (DoD) authorized users only. Both civilians and DoD-authorized users see the same signal. To commercial GPS receivers, the P(Y) code appears as uncorrelated noise. Thus, as discussed above, this noise can be used as a watermark, which uniquely encodes locations and times. In a typical civilian GPS receiver’s tracking loop, this watermark signal can be found inside the tracking loop quadrature signal. The position authentication approach discussed here is based on using the P(Y) signal to determine whether a user is utilizing an authentic GPS signal. This method uses a segment of noisy P(Y) signal collected by a trusted user (the authenticator) as a watermark template. Another user’s (the supplicant’s) GPS signal can be compared with the template signal to judge if the user’s position and time reports are authentic. Correlating the supplicant’s signal with the authenticator’s copy of the signal recorded yields a correlation peak, which serves as a watermark. An absent correlation peak means the GPS signal provided by the supplicant is not genuine. A correlation peak that occurs earlier or later than predicted (based on the supplicant’s reported position) indicates a false position report. System Architecture FIGURE 3 is a high-level architecture of our proposed position authentication system. In practice, we need a short snapshot of the raw GPS IF signal from the supplicant. This piece of the signal is the digitalized, down-converted, IF signal before the tracking loops of a generic GPS receiver. Another piece of information needed from the supplicant is the position solution and GPS Time calculated using only the C/A signal. The raw IF signal and the position message are transmitted to the authentication center by any data link (using a cell-phone data network, Wi-Fi, or other means). www.gpsworld.com
Algorithms and Methods |
Vm(t)
innovAtion
0
Tm −10
νs
Vx(t)
Vs(t)
νa Va(t)
Gain (dB)
Tx
▲
−20
Rs
Ra
−30 −40 −50 −60
FIGURE 2 Architecture to detect a snapshot of a white-noise signal.
−70
GPS satellite (at least four for position authentication)
−80
GPS signal RF data uplink
▲
Filter frequency response C/A signal spectrum 0
1
2 3 Frequency (MHz)
4
5
FIGURE 4 Frequency response of the notch filter.
common satellites, the common signals in the Q channel signals include not only the P(Y) signals but also C/A signals. Then the cross-correlation result will have multiple peaks. We call this problem the C/A leakage problem, which will be addressed below. User vehicle Cell-phone tower
▲
Authentication site (law enforcement)
FIGURE 3 Architecture of position authentication system.
The authentication station keeps track of all the common satellites seen by both the authenticator and the supplicant. Every common satellite’s watermark signal is then obtained from the authenticator’s tracking loop. These watermark signals are stored in a signal database. Meanwhile, the pseudorange between the authenticator and every satellite is also calculated and is stored in the same database. When the authentication station receives the data from the supplicant, it converts the raw IF signal into the quadrature (Q) channel signals. Then the supplicant’s Q channel signal is used to perform the cross-correlation with the watermark signal in the database. If the correlation peak is found at the expected time, the supplicant’s signal passes the signalauthentication test. By measuring the relative peak time of every common satellite, a position can be computed. The position authentication involves comparing the reported position of the supplicant to this calculated position. If the difference between two positions is within a pre-determined range, the reported position passes the position authentication. While in principle it is straightforward to do authentication as described above, in practice there are some challenges that need to be addressed. For example, when there is only one common satellite, the only common signal in the Q channel signals is this common satellite’s P(Y) signal. So the cross-correlation only has one peak. If there are two or more www.gpsworld.com
C/A Residual Filter The C/A signal energy in the GPS signal is about double the P(Y) signal energy. So the C/A false peaks are higher than the true peak. The C/A false peaks repeat every 1 millisecond. If the C/A false peaks occur, they are greater than the true peak in both number and strength. Because of background noise, it is hard to identify the true peak from the correlation result corrupted by the C/A residuals. To deal with this problem, a high-pass ¿lter can be used. Alternatively, because the C/A code is known, a match ¿lter can be designed to ¿lter out any given GPS satellite’s C/A signal from the Q channel signal used for detection. However, this implies that one match ¿lter is needed for every common satellite simultaneously in view of the authenticator and supplicant. This can be cumbersome and, thus, the ¿ltering approach is pursued here. In the frequency domain, the energy of the base-band C/A signal is mainly (56 percent) within a ±1.023 MHz band, while the energy of the base-band P(Y) signal is spread over a wider band of ±10.23 MHz. A high-pass ¿lter can be applied to Q channel signals to ¿lter out the signal energy in the ±1.023 MHz band. In this way, all satellites’ C/A signal energy can be attenuated by one ¿lter rather than using separate match ¿lters for different satellites. FIGURE 4 is the frequency response of a high-pass ¿lter designed to ¿lter out the C/A signal energy. The spectrum of the C/A signal is also plotted in the ¿gure. The highpass ¿lter only removes the main lobe of the C/A signals. Unfortunately, the high-pass ¿lter also attenuates part of the January 2013 | GPS World
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innovation | algorithms and Methods
Position Calculation Consider the situation depicted in FIGURE 6 where the authenticator and the supplicant have multiple common satellites in view. In this case, not only can we perform the signal authentication but also obtain an estimate of the pseudorange information from the authentication. Thus, the authenticated pseudorange information can be further used to calculate the supplicant’s position if we have at least three estimates of pseudoranges between the supplicant and GPS satellites. Since this position solution of the supplicant is based on the P(Y) watermark signal rather than the supplicant’s C/A signal, it is an independent and authentic solution of the supplicant’s position. By comparing this authentic position with the reported position of the supplicant, we can authenticate the veracity of the supplicant’s reported GPS position. The situation shown in Figure 6 is very similar to doubledifference differential GPS. The major difference between what is shown in the ¿gure and the traditional double difference is how the differential ranges are calculated. Figure 6 shows how the range information can be obtained during the signal authentication process. Let us assume that the authenticator and the supplicant have four common GPS satellites in view: SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and SAT4. The signals transmitted from the satellites at time t are S1(t), S2(t), S3(t), and S4(t), respectively. Suppose a signal broadcast by SAT1 at time t0 arrives at the supplicant at t0 + ν1s where ν1s is the travel time of the signal. At the same time, signals from SAT2, 70
GPS World | January 2013
0.9
Filtered P(Y) signal Filtered C/A signal
0.7
← 0.7424
0.5 Auto−correlation
P(Y) signal energy. This degrades the auto-correlation peak of the P(Y) signal. Even though the gain of the high-pass ¿lter is the same for both the C/A and the P(Y) signals, this effect on their auto-correlation is different. That is because the percentage of the low-frequency energy of the C/A signal is much higher than that of the P(Y) signal. This, however, is not a signi¿cant drawback as it may appear initially. To see why this is so, note that the objective of the high-pass ¿lter is to obtain the greatest false-peak rejection ratio de¿ned to be the ratio between the peak value of P(Y) auto-correlation and that of the C/A auto-correlation. The false-peak rejection ratio of the non-¿ltered signals is 0.5. Therefore, all one has to do is adjust the cut-off frequency of the high-pass ¿lter to achieve a desired false-peak rejection ratio. The simulation results in FIGURE 5 show that one simple highpass ¿lter rather than multiple match ¿lters can be designed to achieve an acceptable false-peak rejection ratio. The autocorrelation peak value of the ¿ltered C/A signal and that of the ¿ltered P(Y) signal is plotted in the ¿gure. While the P(Y) signal is attenuated by about 25 percent, the C/A code signal is attenuated by 91.5 percent (the non-¿ltered C/A autocorrelation peak is 2). The false-peak rejection ratio is boosted from 0.5 to 4.36 by using the appropriate high-pass ¿lter.
0.3 ← 0.1701 0.1
−0.1
−0.3 −3
▲
−2
−1
0 1 Shift time (milliseconds)
2
3
FIGURE 5 Auto-correlation of the filtered C/A and P(Y) signals. SAT2 SAT3 SAT1
S s1
S a2
S 2s S a3
S s3
SAT4
S S
a 4
S s4
a 1
z y x ECEF
▲
Authenticator (xa, ya, za)
Supplicant (xs, ys, zs)
FIGURE 6 Positioning using a watermark signal.
SAT3, and SAT4 are received by the supplicant. Let us denote the travel time of these signals as ν2s, ν3s, and ν4s, respectively. These same signals will be also received at the authenticator. We will denote the travel times for the signals from satellite to authenticator as ν1a, ν2a, ν3a, and ν4a. The signal at a receiver’s antenna is the superposition of the signals from all the satellites. This is shown in FIGURE 7 where a snapshot of the signal received at the supplicant’s antenna at time t0 + ν1s includes GPS signals from SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and SAT4. Note that even though the arrival times of these signals are the same, their transmit times (that is, the times they were broadcast from the satellites) are different because the ranges are different. The signals received at the supplicant will be S1(t0), S2(t0 + ν1s – ν2s), S3(t0 + ν1s – ν3s), and S4(t0 + ν1s – ν4s). This same snapshot of the signals at the supplicant is used to detect the matched watermark signals from SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and SAT4 at the authenticator. Thus the correlation peaks between the supplicant’s and the authenticator’s signal should occur at t0 + ν1a, t0 + ν1s – ν2s + ν2a, t0 + ν1s – ν3s + ν3a, and t0 + ν1s – ν4s + ν4a. Referring to Figure 6 again, suppose the authenticator’s www.gpsworld.com
Algorithms and Methods |
innovAtion
position (xa, ya, za) is known but the supplicant’s position (xs, ys, zs) is unknown and needs to be determined. Because the actual ith common satellite (xi, yi, zi) is also known to the authenticator, each of the ρia, the pseudorange between the ith satellite and the authenticator, is known. If ρis is the pseudorange to the ith satellite measured at the supplicant, the pseudoranges and the time difference satis¿es equation (1): (1) where χ21 is the differential range error primarily due to tropospheric and ionospheric delays. In addition, c is the speed of light, and t21 is the measured time difference as shown in Figure 7. Finally, ρis for i = 1, 2, 3, 4 is given by: (2) If more than four common satellites are in view between the supplicant and authenticator, equation (1) can be used to form a system of equations in three unknowns. The unknowns are the components of the supplicant’s position vector rs = [xs, ys, zs]T. This equation can be linearized and then solved using least-squares techniques. When linearized, the equations have the following form: (3) where δrs = [δxs, δys, δzs]T, which is the estimation error of the supplicant’s position. The matrix A is given by
where is the line of sight vector from the supplicant to the ith satellite. Finally, the vector δm is given by:
(4) where is the ith satellite’s position error, δρia is the measurement error of pseudorange ρia or pseudorange noise. In addition, δtij is the time difference error. Finally, δχij is the error of χij de¿ned earlier. Equation (3) is in a standard form that can be solved by a weighted least-squares method. The solution is (5) where R is the covariance matrix of the measurement error vector δm. From equations (3) and (5), we can see that the supplicant’s position accuracy depends on both the geometry and the measurement errors.
Hardware and Software In what follows, we describe an authenticator which is designed to capture the GPS raw signals and to test the www.gpsworld.com
Supplicant ▲
Authenticator
FIGURE 7 Relative time delays constrained by positions.
performance of the authentication method described above. Since we are relying on the P(Y) signal for authentication, the GPS receivers used must have an RF front end with at least a 20-MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, they must be coupled with a GPS antenna with a similar bandwidth. The RF front end must also have low noise. This is because the authentication method uses a noisy piece of the P(Y) signal at the authenticator as a template to detect if that P(Y) piece exists in the supplicant’s raw IF signal. Thus, the detection is very sensitive to the noise in both the authenticator and the supplicant signals. Finally, the sampling of the downconverted and digitized RF signal must be done at a high rate because the positioning accuracy depends on the accuracy of the pseudorange reconstructed by the authenticator. The pseudorange is calculated from the time-difference measurement. The accuracy of this time difference depends on the sampling frequency to digitize the IF signal. The high sampling frequency means high data bandwidth after the sampling. The authenticator designed for this work and shown in FIGURE 8 satis¿es the above requirements. A block diagram of the authenticator is shown in Figure 8a and the constructed unit in Figure 8b. The IF signal processing unit in the authenticator is based on the USRP N210 software-de¿ned radio. It offers the function of down converting, digitalization, and data transmission. The ¿rmware and ¿eld-programmablegate-array con¿guration in the USRP N210 are modi¿ed to integrate a software automatic gain control and to increase the data transmission ef¿ciency. The sampling frequency is 100 MHz and the effective resolution of the analog-to-digital conversion is 6 bits. The authenticator is battery powered and can operate for up to four hours at full load.
Performance Validation Next, we present results demonstrating the performance of the January 2013 | GPS World
71
innovation | algorithms and Methods
Battery GPS antenna
LNA
Down-converter
A/D converter
(DBSRX2)
(USRP N210)
Gigabit Ethernet
Laptop (with SSD)
OCXO Portable authenticator
a)
▲
b)
FIGURE 8 a) Block diagram of GPS position authenticator; (b) photo of constructed unit. Channel 1 PRN: 7 Correlation Result (window: 40 milliseconds)
Channel 1 PRN: 7 Correlation Result (window: 40 milliseconds)
Time = 5117.280 microseconds
1.0
1.0
Time = 1126.110 microseconds 0.5
0.5
0
0
–0.5
a)
–0.5
b)
–1.0 0
▲
1000
2000
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Offset time (microseconds)
8000
9000 10000
0
1000
2000
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Offset time (microseconds)
8000
9000 10000
FIGURE 9 Example of cross-correlation detection results: (a) without high-pass filter and (b) with high-pass filter.
authenticator described above. First, we present results that show we can successfully deal with the C/A leakage problem using the simple high-pass ¿lter. We do this by performing a correlation between snapshots of signal collected from the authenticator and a second USRP N210 software-de¿ned radio. FIGURE 9a is the correlation result without the highpass ¿lter. The periodic peaks in the result have a period of 1 millisecond and are a graphic representation of the C/A leakage problem. Because of noise, these peaks do not have the same amplitude. FIGURE 9b shows the correlation result using the same data snapshot as in Figure 9a. The difference is that Figure 9b uses the high-pass ¿lter to attenuate the false peaks caused by the C/A signal residual. Only one peak appears in this result as expected and, thus, con¿rms the analysis given earlier. We performed an experiment to validate the authentication performance. In this experiment, the authenticator and the supplicant were separated by about 1 mile (about 1.6 kilometers). The location of the authenticator was ¿xed. The supplicant was then sequentially placed at ¿ve points along a straight line. The distance between two adjacent points is about 15 meters. The supplicant was in an open area with no tall buildings or structures. Therefore, a 72
–1.0
GPS World | January 2013
suf¿cient number of satellites were in view and multipath, if any, was minimal. The locations of the ¿ve test points are shown in FIGURE 10. The ¿rst step of this test was to place the supplicant at point A and collect a 40-millisecond snippet of data. This data was then processed by the authenticator to determine if: ◾ The signal contained the watermark. We call this the “signal authentication test.” It determines whether a genuine GPS signal is being used to form the supplicant’s position report. ◾ The supplicant is actually at the position coordinates that they say they are. We call this the “position authentication test.” It determines whether or not falsi¿cation of the position report is being attempted. Next, the supplicant was moved to point B. However, in this instance, the supplicant reports that it is still located at point A. That is, it makes a false position report. This is repeated for the remaining positions (C through E) where at each point the supplicant reports that it is located at point A. That is, the supplicant continues to make false position reports. In this experiment, we have ¿ve common satellites between the supplicant (at all of the test points A to E) and www.gpsworld.com
Algorithms and Methods |
▲
Location
Pass Signal Authentication?
Pass Position Authentication?
A
Yes
Yes
B
Yes
No
C
Yes
No
D
Yes
No
E
Yes
No
innovAtion
TABLE 1 Five-point position authentication results. ▲
figUrE 10 Five-point field test. Image courtesy of Google.
the authenticator. The results of the experiment are summarized in TABLE 1. If we can detect a strong peak for every common satellite, we say this point passes the signal authentication test (and note “Yes” in second column of Table 1). That means the supplicant’s raw IF signal has the watermark signal from every common satellite. Next, we perform the position authentication test. This test tries to determine whether the supplicant is at the position it claims to be. If we determine that the position of the supplicant is inconsistent with its reported position, we say that the supplicant has failed the position authentication test. In this case we put a “No” in the third column of Table 1. As we can see from Table 1, the performance of the authenticator is consistent with the test setup. That is, even though the wrong positions of points (B, C, D, E) are reported, the authenticator can detect the inconsistency between the reported position and the raw IF data. Furthermore, since the distance between two adjacent points is 15 meters, this implies that resolution of the position authentication is at or better than 15 meters. While we have not tested it, based on the timing resolution used in the system, we believe resolutions better than 12 meters are achievable.
detects a speci¿c watermark signal in the broadcast GPS signal to judge if a receiver is using the authentic GPS signal. The differences between the watermark signal travel times are constrained by the positions of the GPS satellites and the receiver. A method to calculate an authentic position using this constraint is discussed and is the basis for the position authentication function of the system. A hardware platform that accomplishes this was developed using a software-de¿ned radio. Experimental results demonstrate that this authentication methodology is sound and has a resolution of better than 15 meters. This method can also be used with other GNSS systems provided that watermark signals can be found. For example, in the Galileo system, the encrypted Public Regulated Service signal is a candidate for a watermark signal. In closing, we note that before any system such as ours is ¿elded, its performance with respect to metrics such as false alarm rates (How often do we Àag an authentic position report as false?) and missed detection probabilities (How often do we fail to detect false position reports?) must be quanti¿ed. Thus, more analysis and experimental validation is required.
Conclusion In this article, we have described a GPS position authentication system. The authentication system has many potential applications where high credibility of a position report is required, such as cargo and asset tracking. The system
Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for supporting the work reported in this article through the National Center for Border Security and Immigration under grant number
www.gpsworld.com
2008-ST-061-BS0002. However, any opinions, ¿ndings, conclusions or recommendations in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reÀect views of the DHS. This article is based on the paper “Performance Analysis of a Civilian GPS Position Authentication System” presented at PLANS 2012, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers / Institute of Navigation Position, Location and Navigation Symposium held in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, April 23–26, 2012.
Manufacturers The GPS position authenticator uses an Ettus Research LLC (www.ettus. com) model USRP N210 softwarede¿ned radio with a DBSRX2 RF daughterboard. ZhEfEng Li is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. His research interests include GPS signal processing, real-time implementation of signal processing algorithms, and the authentication methods for civilian GNSS systems. DEmoZ gEBrE-EgZiABhEr is an associate professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. His research deals with the design of multi-sensor navigation and attitude determination systems for aerospace vehicles ranging from small unmanned aerial vehicles to Earth-orbiting satellites.
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Further Reading for references related to this article, go to gpsworld.com and click on Innovation in the navigation bar.
January 2013 | GPS World
73
ProfeSSional oem e-neWSletter
An Evolving SAASM Receiver Story Tony Murfin
W
hatever happed to Allen Osborne Associates (AOA)? As a 1994 report (seeking a receiver for a “GPS Sounder” task) stated, “Signal-to-noise ratio tests of three high-performance GPS receivers in severe multipath conditions clearly show the Alllen Osborne Associates TurboRogue SNR8000 is superior in locking and tracking C/A, P1 and P2 codes at very low receiver-to-satellite elevation angles.” The advanced features of the TurboRogue may well have been key in AOA receivers being used for a large number of ground reference applications, including Monitor Station Receivers for the U.S. Air Force GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS). AOA was acquired in 2004, and the GPS group now resides and thrives within the Communication Systems Division of ITT Exelis Corporation (ITT). Those AOA products and technology have contributed to the ITT military GPS receiver group becoming a leading SAASM receiver supplier. Exelis also has a Geospatial Systems group, home to the GPS Payload, Receiver and Control Systems group, currently developing the ground reference receiver as part of Raytheon’s team for the next-generation GPS Operational Control Segment (OCX). Geospatial Systems has also been continuously involved in the supply of GPS payloads on every GPS satellite launched and has accumulated more than 500 years of on-orbit payload life. Geospatial Systems is also part of the Lockheed Martin team that is developing and building the satellite payloads for tomorrow’s GPS III space segment. ITT is developing and integrating the navigation payloads for
eight GPS IIIA satellites. Today ITT boasts that it is the only GPS systems developer to have been a key contributor to all three GPS program segments (space, OCS, and user) with both legacy and modernized equipment. The receiver guys in Van Nuys have fielded a series of SAASM-based receivers over the years, beginning with the EGR-1020, which has gone into a large number of Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio Systems. SINCGARS is a combat net radio currently used by U.S. and allied military forces, adding position and GPS time-sync to each radio terminal. The handheld control display allows each radio operator to see the location in real-time of all SINCGARS-equipped friendly-force groups, providing active situational awareness on the battlefield. The next generation EGR-2000 Small Serial Interface (SSI) SAASM receiver has been integrated into “an in-country GPS designed and manufactured system of a U.S. International Ally,” and can be found in terminals, radios, and handhelds. This brings us to the current ITT receiver product, known as the EGR2500. Integration and miniaturization have reduced the EGR-2500 to half the size of the SSI receiver. With the same capability to track through reduced signal levels and producing highprecision carrier phase and pseudorange, its not surprising that the EGR-2500 has found new OEM applications. Both Geodetics and Technology Advancement Group (TAG) have worked with ITT to integrate the EGR2500 into their products to achieve centimeter-level RTK positioning. The
▲ ARMy SINCGARS has
Exelis EGR-1020 inside.
EGR provides high-quality, variable rate observations at up to 10 Hz for up to 24 different satellite signals, enabling Geodetics and TAG to offer antispoofing RTK performance. With the addition of external inertial aiding, the EGR can also maintain a high-quality RTK solution under high dynamics. But the SAASM receiver world is becoming even more competitive, and ITT is developing yet another generation of receiver, further improving power consumption and performance. A pair of ARM 9 processors has been added, along with circuitry that is softwarecontrolled to reduce power to blocks not being used, so the next EGR will have reduced size, weight, and cost and is targeted to consume 500 milliwatts in low-power mode. The enhanced correlator array design will dramatically reduce time-to-first fix, and with today’s operational environment in mind, an added front-end filter reduces the effects of interference and jamming. Excerpted. Read more at gpsworld.com/category/opinions.
Tony Murfin’s monthly Professional OEM newsletter is sponsored by: Subscribe free at www.gpsworld.com/subscribe
CoPyriGht 2013 north CoaSt media, llC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical including by photocopy, recording, or information storage and retrieval without permission in writing from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by North Coast Media, LLC for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Dr, Danvers, MA 01923, phone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470. Call for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. PrivaCy notiCe: North Coast Media LLC provides certain customer contact data (such as customers’ names, addresses, phone numbers and email addresses) to third parties who wish to promote relevant products, services and other opportunities which may be of interest to you. If you do not want North Coast Media LLC to make your contact information available to third parties for marketing purposes, simply call 847-763-4942 between the hours of 8:30 am and 5 pm (CT) and a customer service representative will assist you in removing your name from North Coast Media LLC’s lists. GPS WORLD (ISSN 1048-5104) is published monthly by North Coast Media LLC, IMG Center, 1360 East 9th Street, Suite 1070, Cleveland, OH 44114. SUBSCriPtion rateS: One year $80, two years $129 (U.S. and possessions), one year $96, two years $151 (Canada and Mexico) and one year $155, two years $255 (all other countries). International pricing includes air-expedited service. Single copies (prepaid only) $7 in the United States $9 all other countries. Back issues, if available, are $19 in the U.S. and possessions, $23 all other countries. Include $6.50 per order plus $2 per additional copy for U.S. postage and handling. Periodicals postage paid at Cleveland OH 44101-9603 and additional mailing offices. PoStmaSter: Please send address change to GPS World, Po Box 2090, Skokie, il 60076. Printed in the U.S.A.
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GPS World | January 2013
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