History

Ruth Marris-Macaulay, Department Head

The History Department is committed to helping students develop a set of higher-level skills that are important both in and out of the history classroom. Globalism has fundamentally altered the way we look at history. We are no longer able to study nations in isolation or understand history from a Western perspective. Global history has emerged as a discipline in which the connectedness of the world is its jumping off point. Yearlong courses explore broad themes in American and global history, and four semester-length elective courses are also offered. Students are expected to develop expository writing ability, intellectual curiosity through critical reading and thinking, and discussion and debate skills. Geography, current events, and the responsibilities of a citizen in a democracy are also integrated into history courses.

History 9 — Topics in Early World History

Yearlong—Required in Grade 9 This course will look at topics that fall within the period 1500 - 1850. Using the themes of Empire, Exchange and Revolution, students will encounter various cultures and understand how connections and networks develop interaction and change in politics, economics, societies, and belief systems. A strong emphasis on the meaning of global history will be central to the course and it will go hand-in-hand with developing an appreciation for non-Western narratives. Through close collaboration with the library, students will work individually on the Grade 9 research project developing their skills with primary and secondary sources, evaluating and synthesizing information, determining the reliability of sources, and self-reflecting their process.

History 10 - The Shaping of the Modern World

Yearlong—Open to Grade 10 This course will pick up from where the Grade 9 course ends and cover the period from 1850 to the present. Units will address the themes of Imperialism, War and Resistance and its legacy in the postcolonial world as well as global challenges for the future. As they did in Grade 9 students will work in tandem with the library on reading, writing, and critical thinking while developing skills in analyzing primary sources, researching reliable information, visual literacy, and

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making oral presentations. The year culminates with individual presentations that tackle current efforts to resist oppression on a global level.

History 11—The American Experience: History

Yearlong—Required in Grade 11 Through thematic units and exercises to develop critical thinking, reading, and writing, this course will trace the history of the United States from the colonial period through the present, as well as examine current events. The themes will work hand in hand with the English department’s The American Experience: Literature course allowing students to make cross-curricular connections, examine cultural mythology, and identify patterns and trends over time. Interdisciplinary summative assessments and other collaborative activities will connect both English and History courses. Examining the trends and particular moments in American history will be done specifically through the eyes of those for whom unity has been elusive. Their struggles to become “American” will help tackle essential questions such as: “What defines the American Dream and does everyone participate in it?” And “Who is American and who decides?”

African Studies

Fall Semester—Open to Grades 11 and 12 Africa has a long history spanning more than 5,000 years and is often misunderstood, over-generalized, and neglected in study. Characterized as the “dark” continent, this course will examine some of the troubled historiography of Africa, common misconceptions and stereotypes, as well as the lack of sources for studying its early history. Students will delve into topics from the precolonial, colonial, and post-colonial periods and analyze Africa through the lens of world history to better understand its influence on the world and the influence of the world on it. Students will use geography and employ cross-disciplinary approaches to various topics, as well as advance their skills with primary sources and explore current events to further their understanding of this diverse continent.

Art and Archaeology of The Ancient World

Fall Semester - Open to Grades 11 and 12 This course offers an opportunity to explore the multi-faceted discipline of archaeology and encourages an interdisciplinary approach to engaging with the ancient world. Students will learn about art and architecture, but also look at the material culture of the ancient world, exploring things of beauty and power, as well as artifacts from the world of the everyday. They will also learn "how to do"

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archaeology - the techniques of locating, retrieving and analyzing ancient remains - and consider how the study of material culture significantly shapes our understanding of the past, especially when documentary evidence is absent or limited. While the core focus of Art & Archaeology of the Ancient World is the archaeology and art of the ancient Mediterranean, Egypt, and the Near East, students will have many opportunities to reach beyond this geographic area. Material culture is a lens through which the physical remains of any culture can be examined. It opens up a path for future archaeologists, art historians, anthropologists or museum curators, as well as for anyone curious about how the past is “read” from the tangible clues it leaves behind.

Race & Ethnicity in the United States

Spring Semester - Open to Grades 11 and 12 This course will examine the social and historical construction of race and ethnicity in the United States. Students will apply theoretical frameworks to historical and contemporary experiences of people of color in the U.S. to understand the role race has played in this country’s history. In addition to theories of race and racialization, students will analyze the creation, maintenance, and expansion of U.S. racial policies and ideologies as well as explore historic and contemporary movements of resistance and empowerment. Through intersectional frameworks of race, class, gender, sexuality, and citizenship, students will recognize how systems of power and privilege build upon and support one another. Students will learn close reading and the application of critical theories and theoretical frameworks, as well as interpretation of political and legal rhetoric and texts. The class will devote time to strengthening writing skills and analysis in the social sciences, together with college-level presentation and research skills.

Comparative Democracy

Spring Semester—Open to Grades 11 and 12 Democracy, Winston Churchill famously claimed, is the least bad of all systems. To what extent has democracy emerged and been challenged over time? Why is it facing a series of new crises today? This class will answer those questions. It will consider the history of democracy from Plato’s fear that it could descend into ochlocracy or mob rule, to what the assault on the United States Capitol in January 2021 demonstrates about the state of democracy today.

Democracy has evolved over time and witnessed a tumultuous history. Traditionally it has been considered as a desirable legacy of Ancient Greece.

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However, it has been shaped by many events over many centuries. These include the English Civil War and the American and French Revolutions in which the challenges we face today were first encountered. The questions posed and solutions offered, however imperfect, tell a story of constant redefinition, exclusion and inclusion. This history will be followed by an examination of authoritarian leadership, populism and representative democracy today when democracy is often caught between a rock and a hard place, prompting new questions about how society can look after all its people fairly and effectively.

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