Va lu ab l e H a bi ta t L i nds ay Ru otol o M L A 2 0 2 1 | Un it 2 7 Fina l Por t folio
1
ABOUT O ver t he p ast s emester my res e arch has fo c us e d on how indust r ies ext rac t ive and t o x i c p r a c t i c e s h a v e t r a n s f o r m e d o u r l a n d s c a p e t h r o u g h t h e 1 9 t h a n d 2 0 t h c e n t u r y. T h e homogenize d v ie w of ‘prog ress’ resu lte d in t he de va luing of divers e habit at and, as e cosystem diversit y was lost, s o were t he divers e e conomic st re ams t hat emp owere d lo c a l communit ies. My E co Por t D esig n Prop os a l aim to conver ts t he deg rade d s a lt marsh, adj acent t o t h e A m a z o n F u l f i l l m e n t C e n t e r, i n t o a p r o d u c t i v e s a l t m a r s h p l a n t n u r s e r y a n d mar ic u lture habit at. L in k ing t he emb e dde d va lue of t he s a lt marsh w it h t he t radit iona l “pro duc t ive g r id” t he t ransfor mat ion of t he site demonst rates how habit at restorat ion c an b e integ rate d into ot her systems, such as pl ant prop agat ion and f ish pro duc t ion, in order to emp ower and re v it a lize d lo c a l e conomies.
Contents 1 | 6
Industr y Case Study | Kreischer ville
7 | 9
Old Place Creek Ecology
10 | 14
Scales of the Salt Marsh
15 | 26
E co Por t Prop os a l
2
Cretaceous Clay The cretaceous shoreline of New Jersey and Staten Island is recognizable by the band of sandy soil that extends diagonally across the state. 70 million years ago, the northern section of this band was dappled with freshwater p o n d a n d l a k e s . I n t h e s t a n d i n g w a t e r, f i n e s e d i m e n t w a s able to settle, forming beds at the bottom. Over time, the ebbing shoreline washed up over these ponds, layering sand on top of the sediment sludge.
Cret ace ous C l ay B elt
N
0
12.5
25
50 Mi 3
C.W Hunt Company
The New York Dyeing and Printing Establishment UP P E R NE W Y O R K B AY
Industrial Coast of Staten Island
K I L L VA N K U L L
West New BrightonSt. George
Port Ivory
The distribution of industries along the Arthur Kill
New Brighton
Port Richmond
A R T HUR K I L L
Proctor & Gamble Company at Port Ivory
Mariner's Harbor-
-Graniteville Westerleigh Grymes Hill -Clifton
a n d K i l l Va n K u l l r e f l e c t s t o i m p o r t a n t r o l e o f n a t u r a l
Stapleton-Rosebank
r e s o u r c e s f o r N e w Yo r k ’s g r o w t h . A s d e v e l o p m e n t
New Springville-BloomfieldGrasmere-Arrochar-Ft. Wadsworth
soared, vital edge marsh habitat was lost so was the system of plants, crustacean, fish, bird, and human communities that relied on it.
Travis
American Linoleum Manufacturing Company Todt Hill-Emerson Hill-Heartland Village-Lighthouse Hill
Ro a d C l a s sif i c ati ons
Old TownSouth Beach
New Dorp Midland Beach
Sandy Ground Oystering Community
L O WE R N E W Y O R K B AY
Railroad Interstate Freeway / Expressway
AR
U TH
R
KI
LL
Oakwood
Legend Road Classification
Principle Arterial
Arden Heights Rossville
Kreischer New York Fire Brick
Z on ing D istri c ts
Railroad Interstate
Great Kills
Charleston
Freeway/Expressway Woodrow
C ommerci a l Dist r ic t
Reme di ati on Site
Manufac tur ing Dist r ic t R esident i a l Dist r ic t Park Dist r ic t
Principal Arterial Minor Arterial
Annadale-Huguenot Prince’s Bay Eltingville
Major Collector
Zoning Districts
Atlantic Terra Cotta Works
Commercial District Residential District
Neig hb orho o d B oun d ar y
Park District Tottenville
Manufacturing Districts
Remediation Sites
N
0
1.5
3 Mi
R A R I TA N
Neighborhood Boundary
B AY
0 N
3mi
1.5
4
Kreischerville | Clay Pit Pond State A c a s e s t u d y o f K r i e s c h e r ’s F i r e B r i c k s , s h o w s h o w post industrial land is often converted to parkland, after the resources have been depleated. This data i s f r o m t h e New York City Reconnaissance Soil Sur vey outlines the correlation between soil type and clay deposits.
S oi l D e s c r ipti on haA Hasbrou ch Si lt L o am 0 - 3 % Slop e, f re quent ly p ond e d WWB Winds or C ompl ex 0 - 8 % Slop e, lo amy wel l- d rai ne d BHBu B o onton - Ha l e d on C ompl ex 0 - 8 % Slop e, lo amy BtB B o onton 3-8% Sl op e, lo amy wel l- d rai ne d BtC B o onton 8-15% Sl op e, lo amy wel l- d rai ne d G UC Gre enb elt 8-15% Sl op e, lo amy wel l- d rai ne d
C l ay Pit s
N
1917 Bu i l d i ng Fo otprint
0
.25
.5 Mi 5
Clay Mine Ecology C lay Pit Pond St ate Park Pres er ve has e volve d f rom p a lust r ine wet land to clay mine to st ate pres er ve over t he past 500 years. Detailed accounts from B. Kreischer recalls that the that the clay at the site occurs in isolated m a s s e s o r p o c k e t s i n t h e y e l l o w g r a v e l a n d s a n d s .” T h e p o s t C l a y m i n i n g t o p o g r a p h y l a y e r e d o n t o t h e m a r s h y base and overlayed with pressures from surrounding development has
transformed this urban forest into a
unique and isolated ecosystem
EXTRACT
TRANSPORT
DRY
CAST
GRIND
KILN FIRE Glass Manufacturing
Yellow Sand
Black Clay
1930
1977
2020
Kreischer Fire Brick Manufacturing Company closes due to a decline in fire brick sales. Shortly after the area name is changed to Charleston to combat anti-German rhetoric post WW1
Clay Pit Pond State Park Preserve protects 265 acres of Quercus alba old mining ground and valuable diverse ecologies Liquidambar styraciflua from development. Efforts were led by Staten Island based conservation group, Protectors of Pine Oak Woods
The park contains several unique ecosystems including wetlands, sand barrens, Marsh, and ponds. It provides habitat for Box Turtles, Eastern Fence Lizards and Pitcher Plants (sarracenia purpurea).
800
5’ - 25’
Pinus Virginiana Mining Pits Habitat for Eastern Fence Lizard
1.5’
4’
Clothing Detergent and Dye
1870 Kreischerville develops as a quasi company town. The company employs over 300 German/ Hungarian men and produces 3 million bricks a year
Mining Pits Water Retention basin for highway
Cut Line
Kaolin Fine Pottery
White Sand Grog
Black Clay Pipes
Arthur Kill Shipping
Sweet Grass
10
Streambed Clayv
Baskets
20
Kreischer Fire Brick Manufacturing Company opens. The Great Fire of 1835 led to increased regulation requiring the use of firebricks around furnaces.
Cookware and Pottery
30
Raritan Lenape Indians live in the area due to the ample resources provided by the estuarine habitat. They collect and mold clay for lightweight cookware and vessels
Water Collected in Mine Depression
1856
2700 BP -1500 AD
Fire Clay
40
Refractory Bricks necessary to
manufacture glass and steel
Steel Manufacturing
Myrica pensylvanica
Gleditsia triacanthos
Pinus strobus
Japenese Stilt Grass
Fire Clay White Sand
Kaolin
Palustrine Wetland
OVERBURDEN the debris above the extractable clay
Clay Mine
Leftover Soil Debris Sandy Gravel
Pond
Wet Meadow
Shrub Swamp
6 Forest Swamp
Old Place Creek
| 1901
This 1901 map of our current site shows the disregard for salt marshes as the commissioners grid was laid out across the area. The proposed transformation of the landscape emphasizes how salt marsh habitat was devalued, reitterated through the epiphet wastelands, and replaced by a homogenized view of progress.
1 9 0 1 G r i d E x te n sio n Map i n Sta te n I sl a n d
7
Matrix Global Logistics
| 2018
The f i l ling of t he Gu lf Por t Sa lt Marsh, and subs e quent bui lding o f t h e A m a z o n F u l f i l l m e n t C e n t e r, i n R i c h m o n d S t a t e n I s l a n d exemplifies companies
the
19th
exploit
the
and
20th
centur y
landscape,
trend
destroying
where
private
ecosystems
and
collapse the economies that rely on them.
As
ecosystem
diversity
was
lost,
so
were the diverse economic streams that empowered local communities such as fishermen.
2 0 1 8 Aer i a l of t he Mat r i x Glob a l L og is it i cs s ite i n Nor t h West St aten Isl and
8
Recreating Old Place Tributaries
9
Salt Marsh Ecology To d a y h a b i t a t r e s t o r a t i o n p l u g s i n t o i n d u s t r i a l g r o w t h . A s maritime shipping is increasing the size of container ships, the need to dredge out water channels has increased. This dredge material is used in marsh restoration in Long Island, N e w Yo r k a n d N e w J e r s e y. R e s e a r c h o n n a t u r a l f l o w p a t t e r n s of wetlands of a salt marsh in Long Island helped inform the redesign of wetlands to ensure their function and success.
USDA FSA, GeoEye, Maxar
Sediment
Flow Direction
Slope
USDA FSA, GeoEye, Maxar GeoEye, Maxar, Microsoft
Low Tide
Esri, HERE
0
2.25
4.5
9
13.5
Rising Tide
High Tide
18 Miles 0 0
0.25
0.5
1 Miles
0.25
0.5
1 Miles
N
0 0
.5 0.25
0.5
0
1 Mi 1 Miles
10
.5
GeoEye, Maxar, Microsoft
1 MILE
Salt Marsh Ecology Salt marshes line the fringe, forming a buffer zone between fresh water and the ocean. When seen from an aerial view it creates a tapestr y of grassland and shallow tributaries, but the formation of these large swathes of fundamental to the morpholog y of the individual plant roots. The resiliency of these systems is derived from S. a l t e r n i f l o r a’s a b i l i t y t o w o r k a t s c a l e s f r o m a n i n d i v i d u a l to acre. At t h e e d g e of t h e s a lt m ar s h t h e u n i qu e s oi l s t r u c tu re i s recognizable. Smooth Cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, propagates through rhizomatous root growth. This growth is essential to the viability of the plant and the function of the salt marsh
11
Micro Scale | Root Zone A typical salt marsh mucky root zone will be layered with sediment and plant debris, bonded together with the plant roots and mussels and forms habitat for f ish. My desig n prop os a l was generate d wit h a de ep understanding of the components of this zone, and the essential habitat it provides.
12
Site Scale | The Productive Grid Linking the embedded value of the salt marsh with the traditional “pro du c t ive g r i d” t he t r ans for mat i on of t he s ite d e monst r ate s how habitat restoration can be integrated into other systems, such as plant propagation and fish production, in order to empower and revitalized local economies.
13
Regional Scale | Disseminate L a s t l y, I c o n s i d e r e d h o w t h i s p l a n c o u l d s p r e a d t h r o u g h o u t t h e region. The production of feeder fish who rely on the salt marsh for spawning, would start to replenish populations in Raritan B a y, r e p l e n i s h i n g t h e l a r g e r f i s h w h o f e e d o n t h e m . T h e p l a n t t rays t hat t ravel f rom t he E co Por t to restorat ion sites wi l l establish faster than traditional plugs but also provide immediate biodiversity to the area because the soil will be inoculated with the microorganism and creatures that a salt marsh needs.
14
d
a e r A GULFPORT SI
MARINERS HARBOR SI
B AY WAY
Par k
Fill e
0
nd a L
Ar li n g ton Ma rs h P a rk
Sho o ters I s l a nd
Mariners Harbor Playground
Old Cree
ace Pl Park k
Sal t
M
02 2 h ars
Mariners Marsh Park
Sal t
M
901 1 h ars
Richmond Terrace Park
The Big Park
Forest Grove Joseph Manna Park Graniteville Swamp Park
Graniteville Quarry Park
il lo P ar w b kw ro o ay k
Markham Playground
t Fa i cr Ma
GRASSELLI
W
Jennifer's Playground
St In duat e n st r Is la nd ial Pa rk
h s P er a rk
Gaeta Park
Me re Wo dit h od s
Willow b roo k P ark
Saw Cre e Mill k Mars h
Prall s Island red Me ith Woods
Greenbelt Native Plant Center Freshkills Park Sylvan Grove Cemetery
m
S ch Pa
La Tou r & Go ette P lf Co ark ur s e
ul rk
CARTERET New York State, USDA FSA, GeoEye, Maxar, NYC OpenData, State of New Jersey, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, INCREMENT P, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, US Census Bureau, USDA
NYC OpenData, State of New Jersey, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, INCREMENT P, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, US Census Bureau, USDA
Phragmites
NYC OpenData, State of New Jersey, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, INCREMENT P, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, US Census Bureau, USDA
N
0
1901_MarshMap
Regional_DEM.tif
N
0
0
0.25 0.25
0.5 0.5
1 Miles 1 Miles
¯¯
0
Regional_DEM.tif Value 0
0
0.25
0.5
1 Miles
¯
High Marsh Low Marsh
0.25
0.5
Phragmites Pool/Panne
Value 0
1 Mile 0
Open Water
0.25
0.5
1 Miles
¯
High Marsh Low Marsh
0.25
0.5
World_Port_Index
1 Mile
Pool/Panne Open Water
FILL
Marsh
Terrestrial Border Upland
PARK
Historic_Fill_in_New_Jersey
Phragmites
0
0.25
0.5
1 Miles
¯
0
0.25
0.5
1 Miles
¯
Mudflat
Terrestrial Border Upland
Mudflat
“ B e t w e e n 1 9 5 6 a n d 1 9 6 8 a s t h e c o m m e r c i a l c a t c h o f f i s h i n [ N e w Yo r k a n d N e w J e r s e y declined over 80 percent, the destruction of the estuarine zone not only continued but a c t u a l l y a c c e l e r a t e d .”
ANGLER’S GUIDE TO THE UNITED STATES ATLANTIC COAST 15
TI
O
N
FA C I L I T I E S
P L A N T I N G T R AY
TIDAL POOL
WEIR
HUMMOCK
TIDAL CREEK
R A C E WAY
RE
S
TO
RA
E SOIL + H A EK CE
T
CRE
TA OLD
PLA
CU
T LA
BI
FERTILIZE
INNO
H AT C H I N G P O O L
COMMERCIAL FISHING
R E C R E AT I O N
16
S AW M I L L C R E E K S AW M I L L C R E E K
0
0.07
0.15
0.3 Miles
¯ New York State, Maxar, Microsoft
AR
Eco Por t Proposal
Ac
The E co Por t Prop os a l conver ts
ce
ss
Ro
TH
UR
ad
the degraded salt marsh, adjacent
KI
LL
AR
Ac
ce
ss
Ro
TH
UR
ad
KI
LL
t o t h e A m a z o n F u l f i l l m e n t C e n t e r,
i n t o a p r o d u c t i v e s a l t mF IaL rL EsDh M pA Rl SaHn t
F IULPL LEADNMD A R S H
n u r s e r y a n d m a r i c u l t u r e h a b i t a t .
UPLAND
ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL PORT
ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL PORT
A R S H H I G H M
SUBSIDENCE
SUBSIDENCE
YEAR 4
YEAR 2 YEAR 4
HIGH MARSH
SUBSIDENCE
YEAR 3
YEAR 1
Y E A R 3
SUBSIDENCE
PHRAGMITES L O W M A R S H
PHRAGMITES
YEAR 2
YEAR 1
LOW MARSH
EXISTING OL D PL ACE CREEK L AUCH
EXISTIN G OL D P L ACE CR E E K L AU CH OLD PLACE CREEK
N 0
OLD PLACE CREEK
WEIR
N
EXISTING
1200’ 0
1200’
WEIR EXISTING
0
600
1200’ 17
E s t a b l i s h i n g a p l ant nu r s e r y h e re l e v e r a g e s t h e s it e s’ l o c at i on , b e t w e e n P o r t E l i z a b e t h t o t h e n o r t h a n d N e w Yo r k C i t y N a t i v e P l ant Nu r s e r y t o t h e s out h . At Por t E l i z a b e t h M i l l i on s of cubic yards of dredge is being excavated for shipping channels a n d re l o c at e d t o s h o re l i n e s a c ro s s N YC , L I , a n d N J f o r m a r s h re s t o r at i o n T h e N YC G re e n b e l t P l a nt Nu r s e r y i s t h e Pa r k s m a i n n u r s e r y, g r o w i n g p l a n t m a t e r i a l f r o m w i l d c o l l e c t e d s e e d t h a t i s u s e d i n r e s t o r a t i o n p r o j e c t s a c r o s s t h e c i t y. C o u p l i n g the expertise of the nurser y employees with the movement of dredge from the area to restoration sites, this plan taps into a pre-existing need for marsh plants 18
Existing Conditions On the site, a barrier wall was erected which limits the salt marsh tidal inundation zone as well as its potential for habitat. Roads and a rail line embankment cut
Habitat Planning water TIDAL INNUNDATION
through the landscape further gridding out the area, in a hybrid realization of the
plantsVERTICAL ZONATION
Commissioners Grid plan. Behind these walls, the marsh has subsided forming stagnant pools and fill was added along the western edge and to the south.
fish
FEEDER FISH (porgie)
community FISHERMEN + ANGLERS+ GREEN JOBS
19
Water Inundation Removing these barrier walls will immediately reinvigorate a large section of the l a n d s c a p e . Tr i b u t a r i e s c u t t h r o u g h t h e m a r s h w i l l d e f i n e p r o p a g a t i n g n u r s e r y
Habitat Planning water TIDAL INNUNDATION
hummocks that transitioning from low marsh to high marsh and upland areas as
plantsVERTICAL ZONATION
you move away from Old Place Creek.
fish
FEEDER FISH (porgie)
community FISHERMEN + ANGLERS+ GREEN JOBS
20
Plant Zonation These water ways will create hummocks, capable of growing a diverse palette of salt marsh plants that will benefit the site and can be har vested and moved with
Habitat Planning water TIDAL INNUNDATION
dredge ships to resiliency projects across the region.
plantsVERTICAL ZONATION fish
FEEDER FISH (porgie)
community FISHERMEN + ANGLERS+ GREEN JOBS
21
Feeder Fish
Habitat Planning
Eelgrass habitat, has been reduced by 90% in the area, is the main breeding
water TIDAL INNUNDATION
ground for many smaller Feeder fish that support the larger fish populations. Por g i e s are fe e d e r f i s h w h o t r av e l t o s a lt m ar s h m e a d ow s f rom May – Au g u s t t o
plantsVERTICAL ZONATION
sp awn. Juveni le f ish wi l l live in t he marsh for up to two ye ars b efore mig rat ing t o d e e p e r w a t e r s i n R a r i t a n B a y.
fish
FEEDER FISH (porgie)
community FISHERMEN + ANGLERS+ GREEN JOBS
OPEN AUGUST - APRIL
OPEN ALL YEAR
2
1
ADULT 2+ reproductive age
EGG 0-7 days
JUVENILE <1 year
ADULT
MHHW 5.5 MHW4.5 MLW 2
GROW + FERTILIZE PLANTS
REPRODUCTION IN ESTUARY MAY - AUGUST
22
Angler Community R e c r e a t i o n a l a n d c o m m e r c i a l a n g l i n g w a s o n c e a s t a p l e o f N e w Yo r k a n d N e w J e r s e y. T h e d e c l i n e o f f i s h h a s c o l l a p s e d t h e a n g l i n g c o m m u n i t y t h a t w a s o n c e a
Habitat Planning water TIDAL INNUNDATION plantsVERTICAL ZONATION
s t a p l e o f N e w Yo r k a n d N e w J e r s e y. I n v e s t m e n t s i n t o h a b i t a t r e s t o r a t i o n d o e s n o t have to be a single-minded game but can plug into economic streams as a way to empower local communities.
fish
FEEDER FISH (porgie)
community FISHERMEN + ANGLERS+ GREEN JOBS
23
Hummocks The hummock will be micro-graded to carefully control
water
flow
through
the
landscape.
successionally graded tributaries will feed off the main tributaries, filling in as the water rises and used for maintenance, recreation, and fish channel. At h i g h t i d e , t h e are a up t o h i g h m ar s h w i l l b e completely inundated and as tide recedes, it will be filter by the vegetation and fish can gather in the tidal pools that align with subsided marsh.
HIGH TIDE
LOW TIDE
0
200
400’
N
0
150
300’ 24
P L A N T S P E C I E S VA R I E S B Y B Y E L E VAT I O N
REPURPOSED SOIL
LINKING HOOKS O R G A N I C F I B E R G R O W I N G M AT S TA B L I Z I N G B A S E
Hummock Design
25
Revaluing Habitat B y r e - e n v i s i o n i n g “ r e s t o r a t i o n” a s “ r e - v a l u i n g ” N e w Yo r k C i t y c a n d e v e l o p s a l t m a r s h h a b i t a t s t h a t integrate with industries and have the landscape, once again, provide economic value and autonomy t o N e w Yo r k ’s c o m m u n i t i e s .
26