PORTFOLIO
WORK +
POSTGRADUATE
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ------ LIN HAN
site location
city centre
别墅庭院景观设计 villa garden landscape design 位置：中国 · 北京
2015.10
location: china · beijing • 场地位置： 北京市昌平区 • 临近 G6 京藏高速，地铁 8 号线及昌平线，交通便利 • 私人别墅，除美观性外同样注重实用性 • 需额外考虑入住后花园的维护方式及成本，方便业主快速进行日常打理
基本信息
总平面
分析图
site information
masterplan
analysis 道路分析
大
距离市中心约 25 公里，车程约 40 分钟
六环
路
G7 京新 高速
排水分析
后院中心及平台位置为主要活动场地， 视线开阔，可进行适量户外娱乐活动等
细化具体植物种植区域
主路沿线及种植区周围设置排水沟
红色区域种植观赏花卉及观赏草，采取 花境形式，合理搭配不同形态、颜色的 植物；并考虑季节特点，采取可在冬天 营造景观效果的植物。观赏草成片种植， 也可根据叶片及整体形态特点搭配混种
以瓦片 / 石材的形式呈现自然式排水沟， 比地平面略低，有助于排水及渗水
8
北
9
9
花园占地面积约 542.5 ㎡ 速
高
场
种植分析
9
房屋占地面积约 278.5 ㎡ 机
用地分析
8
庭院面积约 821 ㎡ 项目所在地
五环路
空间分析
项目位于北京市昌平区中海·瓦尔登湖别墅区
速
高
广
5 8
特点：庭院地势较高，后院面积较大，日照充足
四环路 三环路 二环路
气候特征：
市中心
7
10
京哈
高速
京
津
高
速
速
高
沪
京
速
大广 高速
京
石
高
速
京昆高
9
北温带半湿润大陆季风性气候 夏季高温多雨 冬季寒冷干燥 年降雨量 500mm 左右，多集中在 6-8 月 年平均气温为 11~13℃
5
1
4
8
极端高温可达 42℃ 10
极端低温可达 -27.4℃
3
10
主路贯穿前后庭院，满足日常步行需求
2
8
连通路为日常步行除主路外可选择的绕 行道路，道路材质及路线变化较多，增 加趣味性 工作园路为日常打理花园、菜园时准备
11
小路多为非正式道路，仅用于日常维护 花园需要时临时通行
6
道路采取石材或砖块普遍，呈现较自然 的路面景观且便于排水
设计目标
部分连通路采取防腐木材铺成的木栈 道，丰富道路景观元素且便于排水等
objective
美观
硬质 + 软质元素
铺装 + 构筑物 + 植物素材
1
户外休憩娱乐平台
丰富的色彩搭配
人工色彩 + 自然色彩
2
休闲场地
多样的景观元素形态
植物自然形态 + 人工构筑物形态
3
花园主路
四季景观
春+夏+秋+冬
4
无障碍坡道
5
木质栈道
6
多层雨水花池
7
多功能种植区
8
观赏植物种植区
9
果蔬种植区
观赏花 + 观赏草
实用
低维护
达到一定的视觉美观效果
种植蔬菜 + 水果
花、果、叶可同时供观赏及食用
种植香草类植物
花叶供观赏，气味可有驱虫等功效
分区种植
面积较小区域便于日常管理
合理搭配植物品种
利用植物天然的气味等功能，减少人工除虫等工作
营造冬季景观
合理选用植物品种使植物的茎杆能在冬季呈现较好的形态
10
台阶
11
一层房屋平台及台阶
12
南北连通道路
13
前院及停车区
14
攀缘植物
15
前院观赏植物种植区
16
房屋主体
12
12
14 16
14
13
15
15
开放空间为前院和后院主要活动区域， 及户外休闲娱乐场所，提供平坦的场地 和开阔的视线 半开放空间主要为后院道路及两侧种植 区，其中包含乔木及抬高种植床，起到 阻挡部分视线及分割区域的作用 密闭空间主要为房屋两侧与围墙之前， 空间较狭窄，两侧均有较高遮蔽物，阻 挡大部分视线
观赏植物种植区主要分布在活动场地及 房屋东西联通路两侧，便于观赏及日常 打理维护 后院部分平地种植草坪，简单维护即可， 便于排水及日常维护，同时具有一定的 美观性 混合种植区可根据喜好和季节变化种植 观赏花草或蔬菜类植物，也可种植功能 性植物，如香草或驱虫类植物等
紫色区域可种植观赏植物或者蔬菜，可 根据季节、收获情况、观赏需求等在不 同区域混合或间隔种植，均为较小地块， 灵活性较好 黄色区域为攀援植物，攀于围栏上，可 起到遮挡作用并具有一定的美观性
除排水沟外，道路也采取易渗水材质及 铺装方法，避免夏季园内积水
日照分析
效果图
sunlight analysis
perspective
观赏花及功能植物种植区
3 月 1 日 - 9：00
3 月 1 日 - 12：00
3 月 1 日 - 16：00
4 月 1 日 - 9：00
4 月 1 日 - 12：00
4 月 1 日 - 16：00
5 月 1 日 - 9：00
5 月 1 日 - 12：00
5 月 1 日 - 16：00
6 月 1 日 - 9：00
6 月 1 日 - 12：00
6 月 1 日 - 16：00
7 月 1 日 - 9：00
7 月 1 日 - 12：00
7 月 1 日 - 16：00
8 月 1 日 - 9：00
8 月 1 日 - 12：00
8 月 1 日 - 16：00
9 月 1 日 - 9：00
9 月 1 日 - 12：00
9 月 1 日 - 16：00
10 月 1 日 - 9：00
10 月 1 日 - 12：00
10 月 1 日 - 16：00 需种植耐阴植物
方法
以 每 年 3 月 至 10 月 每 月 1 日， 早 9：00， 中 午 12：00，下午 16：00 时的阴影区域进行分析， 确定庭院内常年受房屋阴影影响较大的区域， 主要用于选择植物时在这些区域种植耐阴品种
结论 3 月至 5 月阴影区域变化较大，阴影面积总体呈向房屋方向逐渐变小的趋势，
其中尤其紧邻房屋北侧区域基本始终被阴影覆盖，考虑到左右庭院的房屋阴 影，庭院两侧通道也基本始终被自家或邻家房屋阴影覆盖，选择这些区域植 物类型时需注意植物在春季至初夏的光照要求
6 月至 8 月阴影面积明显小于 3 月至 5 月，并且变化不大，主要集中在房屋 北侧较小区域及房屋两侧通道处，此时为植物生长茂盛期，光照是否充足对 植物会有较大影响 9 月至 10 月阴影面积逐渐增加，此时已是夏末入秋阶段，植物生长减慢，注 意重新被阴影覆盖区域的植物耐阴性即可
效果图 perspective
鸟瞰图 观赏草 / 花卉
观赏花及功能植物种植区
birdsview
户外活动平台 蔬菜 / 香草类种植区 分为小块区域，方便种植管理 光照充足
进行各种休憩娱乐活动 位于庭院中央，视线良好
观赏花及功能植物种植区 分为小块区域方便管理 光照充足，适合植物生长 穿插种植驱虫等功能性植物 观赏性强
蔬菜 / 香草类种植区 分为小块区域，方便种植管理 光照充足
b
剖面图 section
户外桌椅 观赏草
小型种植区
花卉种植区
小型种植区
蔬菜种植区
b'
a
section a-a'
a'
section b-b'
种植设计 · 乔木、灌木 planting design
design strategy 以中小型乔木及灌木为主 选择适合北京地区气候类型的品种 选择叶型、花型及花色观赏性较强的品种 选择较多春季开花或秋季观叶的品种，丰富春秋季庭院景观 起到一定的遮挡作用，营造私人空间 考虑色彩搭配，选择不同花色的树种 乔木可观花、叶、果、干等
植物品种 · 乔木、灌木
植物品种 · 园艺蔬菜类
species
species
乔木 元宝枫
银杏
白桦
紫红叶鸡爪槭
design strategy 以可食用蔬菜为主
山桃
采用抬高式小范围种植区域，方便管理 采用混种模式，充分利用空间且有一定观赏效果 围挡采用木质，或藤编等其他自然材质 可与香草等植物混种
石榴
红叶碧桃
白碧桃
玉兰
垂丝海棠
蔬菜品种 紫丁香
文冠果
生菜
羽衣甘蓝
樱桃萝卜
油麦菜
朝天椒
灌木 榆叶梅
连翘
金银忍冬
贴梗海棠
胡萝卜 黄刺玫
红瑞木
迎春
香葱
菠菜
茼蒿
香菜
绣球
芹菜
小番茄
水果黄瓜
韭菜
白菜
植物品种 · 花卉及观赏草
J · 波斯菊 Cosmos bipinnata Cav.
species
分区三
分区二
分区一
A · 金娃娃萱草 Hemerocallis fulva ‘Golden Doll’
分区三
K · 醉蝶花 Cleome spinosa Jacq.
MIX A · 松果菊 echinacea pallida
MIX D · 药水苏 stachys officinalis 'rosea'
MIX D · 马其顿川续断 knautia macedonica
MIX E · 大花葱 Allium giganteum
MIX E · 细茎针茅 Stipa tenuissima
MIX A · 分药花 Perovskia 'Little Spire'
分区一
分区二 B · 花叶芒 Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegatus'
MIX B · 大针茅 Stipa gigantea
MIX B · 大金光菊 rudbeckia maxima
H · 波斯菊 Cosmos bipinnata Cav. C · 薰衣草 Lavandula Linn.
L · 落新妇 astilbe 'visions in pink'
E · 玉簪 Hosta plantaginea (Lam.)Aschers F · 桔梗 Platycodon grandiflorus
D · 虞美人 Papaver rhoeas L.
MIX B · 鼠尾草 Salvia japonica Thunb.
G · 蛇目菊 Sanvitalia procumbens Lam.
MIX B · 蛇目菊 Sanvitalia procumbens Lam.
MIX B · 蓝刺头 Echinops sphaerocephalus
燕郊
国贸 CBD
通州新城
潮白河
青海城
住宅区景观设计 residential landscape design 位置：中国 · 河北
东七环 （规划中）
2014.07
location: china · hebei
• 场地位置： 河北省香河县 • 临近京哈高速，与北京市区之间交通较为便利 • 高层住宅区，需考虑设置较多日常休憩娱乐场所 • 需提供造价、风格不同的两种方案，供业主选择
区位分析
总平面 · 方案一
地理优势：
site location
masterplan
紧邻潮白河，环境优雅 紧邻香河县城及高速公路，方便 居民日常生活及出行需求
燕郊
国贸 CBD
通州新城
靠近北京，高速公路可直达 CBD 商务区
潮白河
自然环境得天独厚，生态较好， 水质清澈，十分适宜居住
项目 位置
东七环 （规划中）
设计目标 design strategy
景观层次丰富、乔灌草恰当结合
体现居住区特点，提供充足的休憩 娱乐空间
结合软、硬质景观，为住户提供丰 富的视觉效果
合理运用植物造景，为住户提供高 质量的环境和视觉享受
设计简介 根据建筑位置将整片区域划分为 11 个设计区 块，充分利用楼间空地 开敞空间与闭合空间交错，满足不同人群的活 动需求 小区内设置多种类型道路、广场及人群聚集处 提供足够的休憩娱乐空间 广场中央设置大型喷泉，视为小区标志性特点
分析图 · 方案一
植物设计意向 · 方案一
analysis
planting strategy
特色种植区 新自然主义种植风格 大量运用观赏草，创造不同的植物景观 风格 利用植物本身形态特征，丰富视觉效果 主路剖面示意图
冬季保留部分植物茎干，形成冬季特色 植物景观
双向车道 两侧配有行道树
竹林 分为两片
小区道路
围绕中央的景亭
一级道路意向图
通车主路 小区一级路 小区二级路
满足日常出行需求
二级道路意向图
紧急情况可通车
灵活多变，形式多样
形成闭合空间
树阵广场
小品建筑
规则的长方形种植池
适当运用景墙、景亭、廊架等景观小品
不规则树阵
为居民提供足够的聚集，娱乐休闲空间
形成半封闭活动空间
提供一定的室外遮蔽场所 为特定活动提供聚集场所
景墙 遮挡视线，形成半封闭空间 增加场地趣味
廊架
消防道路
与攀援植物结合 增加视觉享受 提供遮蔽及活动空间
草地 景亭 可选用中式或欧式景亭 提供遮蔽及聚集场所 与花钵或种植池搭配丰富景观元素
中央喷泉 形成中央特色景观 利用水景丰富美化小区化境 成为小区主要活动区域
入口分析
小区内大部分场地被草地覆盖，草地上群植或零星种植景观乔 木及灌木
可使用传统草坪及新型野花草坪 (Wild flower Meadows)， 提供全新的视觉享受 增加生物多样性，吸引蝴蝶等生物，维持生态平衡
分区设计意向 · 方案一 detail design
分区 3
分区 5 及 分区 6
分区 9 及 分区 10
分区 4
分区 7 及 分区 8
分区 10 及 分区 11
根据建筑位置，分为 11 个设计区域 每个区域均是独立的活动场所 各个区域包含广场、小品、建筑等景观元素 各区域间相互连通，为居民提供方便
分区 1
分区 2
总平面 · 方案二
地形 · 方案二
masterplan
topography
设计简介 充分利用楼间场地，人工建造坡度较缓的地形变化
大量运用乔木，美化环境同时起到一定视线遮挡作用
开敞空间与半开敞空间交错，满足不同人群的活动需求
配置适当灌木及草本植物，形成丰富的植物层次及达到 视觉美观效果
小区内设置多种类型道路 提供足够的休憩娱乐空间
结合季节配置多种花卉乔木、灌木及草本植物，丰富植 被色彩
小区中央设置树阵广场
恰当配置风格别致的必备设施，提升小区整体档次
两楼之间设置坡度适宜地形，道路坡度≤ 8% 地形变化可提升居民在小区内行走时的趣味 适当地形变化可助于小区排水
出于安全角度考虑，楼前设置绿化带
楼间地形示意图
分析图 · 方案二 analysis
主路
二级路
楼前路
三级路
一级路 道路分析
排水分析
运用不同材质的桌椅（组合）放置于 小区内，可供人们短时间休憩或娱乐， 选材建议偏重（仿）木质及石材，已 达到贴近自然的效果 座椅分部
排水路径将参照坡度及道路走向 道路两侧设置自然式或人工式排水渠 运用不同材质及植物装饰排水渠，使其成为景观一部分
主路两侧布置景观路灯 其余道路视实际需要及道路宽窄选择单侧或 双侧小型路灯 半开敞空间
适合小范围聚集等日常 活动，及家庭休憩娱乐
开敞空间 适合居民较大范围群体活动
空间分析
地形高点为最佳视线位置 各方向欣赏视线平均分布 合理运用植物阻挡部分视线 视线分析 半开敞空间
开敞空间
灯光设计
种植设计 · 方案二
植物配置 · 方案二
planting design
plant speicies
乔木
设计理念 充分利用本地景观植物 考虑季节因素配置植物品种 春、夏季突出开花树种，秋季突出彩叶树种， 冬季突出常绿植物及彩色树干树种 植物配合冬季雪景形成独特造型 运用植物品种独有质感，创造视觉乃至听觉上的 独特体验 乔、灌、草合理配置，丰富植物景观层次，提升整体景 观水平 不同季节配置观花、观叶、观果的植物品种，增添视觉 享受及生活乐趣 花、叶、果色彩丰富，所选植物品种适应当地气候
观茎植物
植物配置 · 方案二 plant speicies
灌木
宿根
mudchute park & farm a 'productive urban park' in central london
• location: isle of dogs, london, UK • surrounded by residential area, west entrance near DLR station • now is the largest openspace in this region • have the pential to be a high quality public open space • can support and enhance local wildlife
site overview
site history from 1870 to 1990
isle of Dogs today •population: 27,500 people, increase 50% since 1991 •residential population is relatively young •high value emplyment uses of Canary wharf •DLR & Jubilee Line Extension now link the island to the rest of london •Major Centre: focused on Canary Wharf & Crossharbour District Centre •6 primary school ond 1 secondary school
Mudchute Park & Farm is one of the largest city farms in London. It occupy 32 acres in the middle of the Isle of Dogs, it’s current target is to share with friendly fur and feathered creatures. Now is Available for events, community groups or just simply for family picnic.
1870 this area is empty
This park is the largest park in isle of dogs, the Isle of dogs is relatively isolated, and there are a lot of residential area around this park. Now, except farm area, the park area do not have enough recreation or playing area for local community, most area just have some rough grass. Due to its location, surrounding context and traffic conditions, this area need more function to serve local community. It can become a sustainable and ecological city park with productive urban agriculture.
land use
Business Centre
1890 begin to have boundary and simple topography, central area is Mud, allotment garden around north boundary Residential Area 1910 begin to have grass in this area, divided into several part, do not have allotment garden around this area.
key information site location •at south of Canary Wharf •near Millwall outer Dock and Millwall •west entrance near DLR station •largest open space in this region •surrounded by residential area
context
Birds View
Park 1950 middle area became a large allotment garden Canada Square Park Jubilee Park
RIVER EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRIAL LEISURE
LONDON
isle of dogs
PUBLIC OPEN SPACE HOUSING RETAIL WHARF
1970 do not have allotment garden on this map
Sir John McDougall Gardens
Millwall Park Isle of Dogs is relative isolation, there is no bridge on River Thames in this region. The only tunnel connect the external is a footpath under River Thames from island gardens to the other side of the river, and the DLR line is on the left side of this park.
1990
Island Park
Mudchute Park & Farm Greenwich Park
site map
existing tree species
Site Layers Analysis
boundary & entrance Park
Farm
Allotment Garden Route existing topography Map
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•north, south & west boundary of this site is relatively high •centre area is flat •north-east part is the lowest area in this site
Topography
- most trees at same age Populus nigra italica
Alnus glutinosa
catkins in April Height to 30m
catkins Height to 30m
Sambucus nigra
Sorbus aucuparis
white flower in mid summer dark purple fruit in late autumn Height to 9m
red fruit in late summer Height to 30m
- no structural complexity
- poor ground vegetation Betula pendula catkins, winged seed Height to 30m
Platanus x hybrida Height to 30m
existing flower & flowering time COLOUR NAME Lunaria annua pink Malva sylvestris purple/pink green Euphorbia uralersis Medicago lupulina yellow purple Symphytum officinale white Lamium album yellow Tussilage farfara blue Veronica persica white Capsella bursa-pastoris white Sibne vulgaris white Anthriscus sylvestris green Plantago major yellow Potentilla reptans yellow Senecio volgaris green Sagina procurmbens Chamaenerion angustifolium pink Chrysanthemum leucanthemum white & yellow Solanum dulcamara purple & yellow white & pink Rubus fructicosa white Achillea millefolium Urtica diocia green Lathyrus latifolius pink Medicago sativa purple yellow Melilotus altissima white Trifolium repens yellow Lotus corniculatus yellow Medicago lupilina Cichorium intybus blue Mentha spicata pinkish Ballota nigra pink Rosa canina white & pink white & pink Convolvulus arvensis
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
existing problem of the site
butterfly & their plants
Drainage Some route & path will collect water after rain, people cannot access.
Aglais urticae
Colias cruceus
Vanessa atalanta
Polygonia c-album
Pieris brassicae
Inachis io
Lycaena phlaeus
Polyommatus icarus Phleum pratense
Lasiommata megera
establishment of mudchute park & farm The Mudchute Park & Farm was established by the local Island community. Originally a piece of derelict land created during the last century from the spoil of construction from dredging Millwall Dock. For decades, this hidden natural wilderness of flora and fauna remained untouched. However, in 1974 the site was earmarked by the Greater London Council for the construction of a high rise estate. The resulting public campaign against these plans reflected the affection that local people and those working on the Island felt for The Mudchute. Their success secured it as the "People's Park" for the area. In 1977 the Mudchute Association was formed to preserve and develop the area. Farm animals and horses were introduced, trees and plants were planted by generous volunteers and corporate teams, and the educational benefits of the area were also recognised. Since the establishment of the Association, The Mudchute has steadily built a reputation for providing a variety of educational and leisure activities on a London-wide basis.
Dactylis glomerata
Rumex acetosella
Farm
Part of farm already empty, the number of animals decrease.
Access
Cannot provide easy access to whole park.
Current Situation of Park & Farm Existing farm area
Planned farm area the green area is the farm area on the map, but now ,nearly half of them are empty.
the brown area is the existing farm area, north-east part of original farm become an informal playground
muddy route
Gonepteryx rhamni Poa annua
Urtica dioica
Relevant Authorities This Park & Farm is in partnership with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is governed by a Board of 15 Trustees who are all local people and represent the full range of interests of the local community. The Trustees meet monthly and each member also participates actively in promoting the aims and objectives of the Mudchute Association.
Funders • London
borough of Tower Hamlets
• Haydon
Mechanical & Electrical
• The
Children's Fund
• Mears
• The
Isle of Dogs Community Foundation
• Ballymore
• Worshipful
Company of Pewterers
• PricewaterhouseCoppers • Deutsche • HSBC
Bank
• ELBA
Group (East London Business Alliance)
• Valero
Energy Ltd
• Thomson
Reuters
• Barclays
Bank
Water Strategy
Existing Drainage Problem these routes and path will collect rain water after rain, then become
larg e p ond s in t his site collect water after heavy rains
muddy
volunteer • helping
our Equestrian Centre
• washing
up in our restaurant, Mudchute Kitchen
• mucking
out and caring for the animals
• planning
and marketing events
• assisting • helping
with fundraising activities
in the after schools club
the allotment garden is at lower level and it will collect rain water, in winter the water may freeze, people cannot grow their food t h o s e a r ro w demonstrate the direction of water.
water direction after heavy rain those small ponds will collect rain water at normal days
water from farm will not run into wetland area, it will have special swales and run to outside of the site
case study
Ecology, Visual & Play Value assessment Semi-natural Woodland • • • • • • • •
encouraging woodland flowers diverse canopy structure support high canopy birds leaf litter can support invertebrates support mammals attractive colourful canopy in autumn maybe unsafe informal recreation
Semi-natural Grassland • support ground nesting birds • support wild flowers • support more locally plants species • lack of flowering plants • untidy • informal recreation
Woodland Plantations • • • • • • •
support woodland & woodland edge birds support small mammals support woodland invertebrates support woodland flowers and ground flora attractive can be used for playing area informal recreation
Woodland Edge • • • • • • • • •
Rough or Tall Grass • • • • • •
cover small mammals, frog & toads invertebrate groups seed feeding birds increase habitat diversity unattractive fire risk
Grazing Farm • •
untidy playing area
• support ground nesting birds • support wild flower • seed feeding birds • untidy • lack of flowering plants • recreation area
support sun loving & shade tolerant plants support birds support small mammals support leaf litter can support wild life meadow transition zone attractive flowering, fruiting or shrub included play landscape (if accessible) relatiely safe
local biodiversity action plan • To increase the diversity, and extent, of wildlife friendly habitats in Tower Hamlets’ parks, squares and burial grounds especially in areas of open space deficiency.
Heeley City Farm General Introduction: A friendly farm and environmental visitor centre in the heart of Sheffield, Heeley, South Yorkshire. Feature: Food Growing & Playground
• To integrate biodiversity within maintenance and enhancement activities in parks, squares and burial grounds. • To promote the enjoyment of wildlife in Tower Hamlets’ parks, squares and burial grounds. • Meadows, woodland, and marginal wetland enhancement.
City Farm in Kooragang Wetland Rehabilitation Project General Introduction:
Garden Centre sell quality plants at lower price than usual • sell a range of composts and manures •
City Farm strives to farm in harmony with all natural ecosystems, especially the wetlands which predominate on this site.
Children's Play Area • provide a special area for children • use soil to be the ground surface
The Kooragang Wetland Rehabilitation Project (KWRP) is a project of the Hunter-Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority (HCRCMA). It is at Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
to play
Site Map Useful Ideas • special play ground • try to use natrual resource in playground • sell plants in farm shop • green roof and living wall • create special area for wildlife • growing food on vegetable beds
Feature of city farm: retaining natrual vegetation & community gardens • Natural vegetation also provides habitat for a wide range of native plants and a variety of birds and other animals that eat large numbers of insects and rodents. In this way maintaining biodiversity can play a vital role in pest management on a farm without the need for costly chemicals • help to complete wildlife
corridors
• added over ten thousand native trees and shrubs to link and enhance the habitat potential of the farm
Cummunity Gardens
• Food, energy, shelter and other needs for people are being produced in a sustainable way that is in harmony with the surrounding landscape. • integrated pest management: Both biological controls such as native pest predators and cultivational controls, such as companion planting and crop rotation, play a major role in pest management on City Farm.
Habitat types ecology value visual value play value Useful Ideas • combine farm with wetland • use natural vegetation and
animals to control insects and rodens • maintenance and enhance biodiversity • wildlife corridors • enhance the habitat potentiao of the farm • community gardens in farm
key elements around site
proposal
potential of the site
VISION 'Through strategic design and management to allow Mudchute Park & Farm become a attractive , productive and sustainable green space, provide recreation area for local community, enhance the feature of City Farm, create diverse habitat to support biodiversity and for education purpose, also restore the ecological
rm Fa e nt t mde n r
Al G lo a
W
rd
Rou G ra
h g ss
an d l t
+
Rough Grass +
Schools
PRODUCTIVE URBAN AGRICULTURE BIODIVERSITY
ASDA super store
PLAYGROUND
be used to
support daily maintenance of park • local community can grow their own food in allotment garden
dock
d la n
BIODIVERSITY
We
tlan d e W A rea
Play g ro
NATURAL PLAYGROUND
• add more layers in woodland • add wetland & ponds to collect
water and support more
wildlife • extend woodland edges • add meadows to this site • redesign rough grass to make it attractive
• children can play in wetland area • add mown grass in this site, children
and their family can
have picnic on it low maintenance natural playgound for children
• create
millwall park
nd
u
n w o a ss r
Woodland
Allotment Garden
d
oo
O r c h a
PRODUCTIVE
+
Residential Area
value of this Park & Farm.'
• add orchards and berries at woodland edge • fruits picking is available for local communities • proceeds from the sale of farm products can
Farm
football pitch
0 5 10
20
50
100m
G
M
management overview Management Vision To provide a low maintenance, self-sustaining and attractive Urban Park & Farm, enhance biodiversity and achieve productive land use purpose. Provide recreation and learning opportunities for local people, allow them get close and enjoy nature.
Aims & Objectives Aim 1: Maximize Biodiversity
Objectives: • create more layers in woodland. • maintain and protect the diverser existing native plant communities. • prevent invasive vegetation & the spread of certain species. • introduce new habitat in this area.
Aim 2: Sustainable water management system
Objectives: • build sustainable drainage system to collect water efficiency. • collect rain water and re-use it when necessary.
Aim 3: Develop education and training opportunity
Objectives: • create special garden for this purpose. • use productive planting as a education and training opportunity.
Aim 4: Low cost and low maintenance
Objectives: • recycling water for later use and minimize the irrigation regimes. • using less demanding species or mix. •
Key Themes of Management Productive Planting
Wetlands
Orchards/Berries Woodlands Meadows
New Habitat
develop volunteering program.
Aim 5: Develop the site as financially self-sustaining
Objectives: • shop, cafe and productive plants can earn money. • hold events six times per year with free access. •
rent from allotment garden.
•
fees form activities with farm animals.
•
fees from membership.
•
fees from training course.
meadows management Use different mix to achieve long term and attractive landscape, support wildlife such as bees, butterflies, birds, small mammals and invertebrates.
meadow mix map
MIX D MIX B
MIX B MIX F
MIX A MIX A
MIX C
MIX D MIX B
MIX C
MIX C
MIX D
MIX E
MIX F
MIX F MIX F
bees & butterflies meadow
Meadow MIX A - Bees & Butterflies Meadow Period Summer Sowing Rate 5g per square metre Supplier TCV Website http://shop.tcv.org.uk/shop/ stock?l=level3;lid=245;sid=8450
Meadow MIX B - Spring Flowering Meadow Period Spring Sowing Rate 4g per square metre Supplier Wildflower shop Website http://www.wildflowershop. Ranunculus acris co.uk/WF%20Meadow%20 Seed%20Mixes/WF%20MM%20 Lotus corniculatus for%20spring%20flwrg.htm
Botanical Name Common Name Persentage Flowers Achillea millefolium Yarrow 4% Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney Vetch 3% Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed 13% Centaurea scabiosa Greater Knapweed 4% Daucus carota Wild Carrot 11% Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw 13% Knautia arvensis Field Scabious 4% Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling 2% Lotus corniculatus Birdsfoot Trefoil 10% Prunella vulgaris Self Heal 13% Rhinanthus minor Yellow Rattle 10% Scabiosa columbaria Small Scabious 2% Stachys officinalis Betony 3% Succisa pratensis Devilsbit Scabious 1% Trifolium pratense Wild Red Clover 3% Verbascum nigrum Dark Mullein 2% Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch 2% Grasses Agrostis capillaris Common Bent 5% Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dogstail 15% Festuca ovina Sheep's Fescue 20% Festuca rubra ssp. S l e n d e r C r e e p i n g 20% litoralis Red Fescue Festuca rubra ssp. Strong Creeping Red 20% rubra Fescue Poa pratensis S m o o t h S t a l k e d 20% Meadow Grass
MIX F
MIX F MIX D
bees & butterflies meadow
MIX C MIX F
grass species
key flower species Agrostis capillaris
Cynosurus cristatus
Festuca ovina
• • Poa pratensis Festuca rubra ssp. rubra
•
Primula veris Leucanthemum vulgare
Rhinanthus minor
F e s t u c a r u b r a s s p Slender Red fescue litoralis Poa pratensis Smooth Stalked Meadow Grass
Rumex acetosa
grass species
Festuca ovina
• provide food for bees & butterflies
inprove visual aesthetic • enhance biodiversity • support wildlife • flowering in spring •
Festuca rubra
• provide food for bees & butterflies
Botanical Name Common Name Flowers Lotus corniculatus Bird’s Foot Trefoil Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous buttercup Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup Silene dioica Red Campion Trifolium pratense Red Clover Primula veris Cowslip Leontodon hispidus Greater Hawkbit Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Plantago media Hoary Plantain Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged Robin Prunella vulgaris Selfheal Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel Vicia sativa Common Vetch Rhinanthus minor Yellow Rattle Grasses Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dogstail Festuca rubra Red Fescue Festuca ovina Sheep’s Fescue
key flower species
Centaurea nigra
Daucus carota
Galium verum
grass species
inprove visual aesthetic
Poa pratensis
enhance biodiversity support wildlife
long flowering meadow Meadow MIX C - Long Flowering Meadows Period Spring to Autumn Sowing Rate 4g per square metre Supplier Wildflower shop Website http://www.wildflowershop.co.uk/ WF%20Meadow%20Seed%20Mixes/ WF%20MM%20long%20season%20 mix.htm Botanical Name Flowers Agrimonia eupatoria Galium verum Lotus corniculatus Ranunculus bulbosus Ranunculus acris Silene latifolia Daucus carota Hypochaeris radicata Primula veris Geranium pratense Leontodon hispidus Centaurea scabiosa Centaurea nigra Malva moschata Verbascum nigrum Leucanthemum vulgare Plantago media Plantago lanceolata Rhinanthus minor Prunella vulgaris Knautia arvensis Rumex acetosa Achillea millefolium Grasses Agrostis castellana Cynosurus cristatus Festuca rubra ssp commutata Festuca ovina Festuca rubra ssp litoralis Poa pratensis
provide food for bees & butterflies from spring to summer
• •
inprove visual aesthetic
•
enhance biodiversity
•
support wildlife
key flower species
Common Name Agrimony Lady's Bedstraw Bird’s Foot Trefoil Bulbous Buttercup Meadow Buttercup White Campion Wild Carrot Catsear Cowslip Meadow Cranesbill Greater Hawkbit Greater Knapweed Lesser Knapweed Musk Mallow Dark Mullein Oxeye Daisy Hoary Plantain Ribwort Plantain Yellow Rattle Selfheal Field Scabious Common Sorrel Yarrow Highland Bent Crested Dogstail Chewings Fescue Sheep’s Fescue Slender Red Fescue Smooth Stalked Meadow Grass
•
provide food for bees & butterflies for long time
•
inprove visual aesthetic
•
enhance biodiversity
•
support wildlife
Ranunculus acris Lotus corniculatus
Daucus carota
Lotus corniculatus Prunella vulgaris
Agrostis castellana
Cynosurus cristatus
Festuca rubra
Meadow MIX D - General Wildflower Meadows Period Spring - Summer Sowing Rate 4g per square metre Supplier MAS seeds Ltd. Website http://www.meadowmania.co.uk/default.cfm/ loaddoc.32
key flower species
Botanical Name Flowers Papaver rhoeas Ranunculus acris Malva Moschata Leucanthemum vulgare Silene Dioica Prunella vulgaris Silene laba Achillea Millefolium Grasses Agrostis capillaris Cynosurus cristatus Festuca ovina Festuca rubra commutata Festuca rubra litoralis
Ranunculus acris Malva Moschata
Primula veris
Common Name
Persentage
Corn poppy Meadow buttercup Musk Mallow Oxeye daisy Red campion Selfheal White campion Yarrow
0.5% 2% 1.5% 2.0% 4.5% 4.5% 4.5% 0.5%
Browntop bent 5% Crested Dogstail 15% Sheep's Fescue 20% Chewing Fescue 20% Slender creeping red 20% fescue
Leucanthemum vulgare
Silene laba
Silene Dioica
grass species
Cynosurus cristatus Festuca rubra
Festuca ovina
wetland meadow
Leontodon hispidus
Centaurea scabiosa
Meadow MIX E - Wetland Meadows Period Spring - Summer Sowing Rate 1.5g per square metre Supplier Emorsgate Seeds Website http://wildseed.co.uk/mixtures/view/31 Botanical Name Achillea millefolium Betonica officinalis Centaurea nigra Filipendula ulmaria Galium verum Leucanthemum vulgare Lotus pedunculatus
Prunella vulgaris
Leucanthemum vulgare
provide food for bees & butterflies from spring to summer
• •
inprove visual aesthetic
enhance biodiversity in wetland area • •
Rhinanthus minor
general wildflower meadow
support wildlife in wetland area
Plantago lanceolata Primula veris Prunella vulgaris Ranunculus acris Rhinanthus minor Rumex acetosa Silaum silaus Silene flos-cuculi Succisa pratensis Vicia cracca
key flower species
Common Name Persentage Centaurea nigra Ranunculus acris Plantago lanceolata Yarrow 2.5% Betony 2.5% Coomon Knapweed 5% Meadowsweet 5% Lady’s Bedstraw 8% Oxeye Daisy 7.5% G r e a t e r B i r d s f o o t 1.5% Trefoil Filipendula ulmaria Galium verum Prunella vulgaris Ribwort Plantain 5% Cowslip 5% Selfheal 10% Meadow Buttercup 15% Yellow Rattle 8% Common Sorrel 6% Pepper Saxifrage 7.5% Vicia cracca Leucanthemum vulgare Ragged Robin 1.5% Devil’s-bit Scabious 1% Tufted Vetch 9%
woodland meadow
key flower species
Meadow MIX F - Woodland Meadows Period Spring - Summer Sowing Rate 5g per square metre Supplier TCV Website http://shop.tcv.org.uk/shop/ stock?l=level3;lid=250;sid=8462 Botanical Name Flowers Alliaria petiolata Allium ursinum Campanula trachelium
Common Name
Persentage
Garlic Mustard 10% Ramsons/ Wild Garlic 2% N e t t l e L e a v e d 1% Bellflower Digitalis purpurea Wild Foxglove 4% Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet 8% Galium mollugo Hedge Bedstraw 10% Geum urbanum Wood Avens 11% Hyacinthoides non-scripta English Bluebell 7% Hypericum hirsutum Hairy St. John's Wort 1% Prunella vulgaris Self Heal 10% Silene dioica Red Campion 12% Stachys officinalis Betony 5% Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort 10% Teucrium scorodonia Wood Sage 5% Torilis japonica U p r i g h t H e d g e 4% Parsley Grasses Agrostis capillaris Browntop bent 5% Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dogstail 15% Festuca rubra ssp. litoralis S l e n d e r C r e e p i n g 20% Red Fescue Festuca rubra ssp. rubra Strong Creeping Red 20% Fescue Poa pratensis S m o o t h S t a l k e d 20% Meadow Grass
meadows management plan establishment period of all meadows
Continuing maintenance of Long flowering meadows Objective - Encourage perennial flowers and grasses to make good root development
Objective - Provide high value of visual aesthetic before Sep, after cutting those area become accessible place, allow people have recreational activities here
- Weeds controlled
Alliaria petiolata
Operations - Weeds controlled by keeping meadows mowed back.
- Enhance biodiversity by support wildlife
- Flail-type mower, chop up the weeds, let it dry out.
- Provide food for bees and butterflies
- Cut four times per year, or when meadows height reached 250mm.
Operations - After flowering in August, cut back with petrol strimmer or tractor mower to 75mm height.
- Cut to maximize 75mm.
- Leave cuttings to dry and shed seed for 2-3 days, then remove cuttings from site.
- Meximize weeds height 250mm.
- From Sep to Nov, collect fallen leaves every two weeks near farm and path. - A plant that colonises spontaneously and is invasive in its spread through the meadow excluding desired and sown plants can be considered weeds and need to be controlled.
- Remove cuttings. - Collect fallen leaves, remove by hand ranking from Sep to Nov, twice per month.
- Hand dig or spot treat for those persistent weeds.
Geum urbanum
- Check meadows for damaged or missing each year, add new plants when necessary.
main flowering period
Stachys sylvatica
Continuing maintenance of Spring meadows
Continuing maintenance of Long flowering meadows Objective - High value of visual aesthetic before July, after cutting those area become accessible place, allow people have recreational activities here
Objective - Long time and high value of visual aesthetic before Oct - Enhance biodiversity by support wildlife
- Enhance biodiversity by support wildlife
- Provide food for bees and butterflies
- Provide food for bees and butterflies
Operations - Cut back at mid-Oct with petrol strimmer or tractor mower to 75mm height. - Leave cutting to dry and shed seed for 4-5 days, then remove cuttings from site. - From mid Oct to Nov, collect fallen leaves every two weeks near farm and path.
Operations - After flowering in June, cut back with petrol strimmer or tractor mower to 75mm height.
Galium mollugo
- Cut again to about 30-40 mm to reduce to a more dense grass surface.
- A plant that colonises spontaneously and is invasive in its spread through the meadow excluding desired and sown plants can be considered weeds and need to be controlled. - Hand dig or spot treat for those persistent weeds.
- Cutting interval during late summer in order to maintain lawn surface. - Leave cuttings to dry and shed seed for 2-3 days, then remove cuttings from site.
grass species
- From July, collect fallen leaves every two weeks near farm and path. - A plant that colonises spontaneously and is invasive in its spread through the meadow excluding desired and sown plants can be considered weeds and need to be controlled.
- Check meadows for damaged or missing each year, add new plants when necessary.
- Hand dig or spot treat for those persistent weeds. Prunella vulgaris
Festuca rubra
Festuca rubra ssp. rubra
Poa pratensis
Silene Dioica
main flowering period
- Check meadows for damaged or missing each year, add new plants when necessary.
main flowering period
potential sponsor of meadows
wetland management Wetlands in this site is several new ponds, pond’s edge mix seeds will be sown while some pot plants will be used to create it character in a short time.
Nature England Wildlife Trust Mangement Aims
Enhance biodiversity and aesthetic value, provide playing, learning and training opportunities, create a low maintain wetland area.
Section 1 - Meadows in Summer
Objective use pond’s edge seed mix to build wetlands vegetation community from 1-3 years.
• • Section 2 - Meadows in Spring
Beehives
will be put on the edge of orchards planting area
use pot plants to create wetland character at first years.
controlled weeds in order to keep the biodiversity and aesthetic value of wetlands. •
provide learning and training opportunities by showing people how to manage wetlands vegetation. (e.g. provide an training program allow people from local community, teach them the whole process of wetland management, including show them how to cut or dig etc., weeds management.)
•
use wetlands vegetation to provide food and cover for waterfowl and small mammal, insect and invertebrate. •
use wetlands habitats to attract new wildlife by provide food or cover. (e.g. swan, wildfowl, waterfowl, small mammal, insect, invertebrate etc.)
•
pond's edge mix
pot plants
supplier: Emorsgate seeds Sowing area: around pond’s edge, width can be 0.5-1m Sowing Rate: 4g per square metre Sowing time: sowings on ground prone to winter flooding, either in late summer or spring, once the land has drained. Sowing method: surface sown and applied by machine or broadcast by hand. do not incorporate or cover the seed.
Introduction include 32 portion Native submerged oxygenators, 27 shallow Native marginal/emergent plants
Botanical Name Flowers Achillea ptarmica Angelica sylvestris Caltha palustris Eupatorium cannabinum Filipendula ulmaria Hypericum tetrapterum Iris pseudacorus Lotus pedunculatus Lycopus europaeus Lythrum salicaria Ranunculus acris Scrophularia auriculata Silene flos-cuculi Succisa pratensis Thalictrum flavum Vicia cracca Grasses Agrostis capillaris Alopecurus pratensis Anthoxanthum odoratum Cynosurus cristatus Deschampsia cespitosa Festuca rubra
Angelica sylvestris
Lythrum salicaria
Iris pseudacorus
Thalictrum flavum
Common Name
Persentage
Sneezewort 0.4% Wild Angelica 2% Marsh Marigold 0.2% Hemp Agrimony 0.5% Meadowsweet 2.4% Square-stalked St 0.5% John’s Wort Yellow Iris 4% G r e a t e r B i r d s f o o t 0.5% Trefoil Gypswort 1% Purple Loosestrife 1.5% Meadow Buttercup 3% Water Figwort 0.3% Ragged Robin 0.5% Devil’s-bit Scabious 0.2% Common Meadow- 1% rue Tufted Vetch 2% Common Bent 12% Meadow Foxtail 5% Sweet vernal-gras 1% Crested Dogstail 36% Tufted Hair-grass 1% S l e n d e r - c r e e p i n g 25% Red-fescue
Ranunculus acris
Vicia cracca
Silene flos-cuculi
position of wetlands
(sent in 3, ready potted), 10 Native floating plants or potted rafting plants dependent on seasonal availability, 3 Native white waterlily (ready potted) and 9 contour baskets. Plants can be mixed and put in basket with additional gravel (not supplied) or plant directly in to soiled margin of the ponds for the effect of an instant clump.
pond collection british natives 3
Include marginal-emergent, submerged and floating plants Use this pot plants collection to quickly establish an attractive wetland ponds edge, create character of wetland and support wildlife in the first year, sparse than the guide on website( for ponds of approx 225 square ft ≈ 20 square metre) in order to leave enough gap for sowing seeds growing. (40~50cm gap between each plants/plants basket). website: http://www.watersidenursery.co.uk/IS/ViewProduct.aspx?ProductId=238&Product=POND%20 COLLECTION%20British%20Natives%203
Marginal-Emergent
Acorus calamus - 11cm Anagallis tenella – 9cm Caltha palustris - 11cm Carex riparia Lythrum salicaria - 11cm Alisma plantago-aquatica - 11cm Carex pseudocyperus Eriophorum angustifolium – 11cm Mentha aquatic Myosotis scorpioides – 9cm Potentilla palustris – 11cm Ranunculus flammula – 11cm Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum – 9cm Sagittaria sagittifolia – 9cm Veronica beccabunga – 9cm
Key Species Submerged & Floating Leaves Acorus calamus Alisma plantago-aquatica Butomus umbellatus Cyperus longus
Emergent Plants Caltha palustris Lythrum salicaria Eriophorum angustifolium Ranunculus flammula
Submerged
Acorus calamus - 11cm Alisma plantago-aquatica 11cm Butomus umbellatus - 11cm Cyperus longus
Floating Leaves
Alisma plantago-aquatica 11cm
Water resources
once the wetland area have been established, it will collect rain water and make balance between rainfall and evaporation.
management plan
cross-section of establishment period
woodland management Existing woodland in this park only have few species, most trees at same age with no structural complexity, also some woodlands area quite sparse.
Establishment Period: Year 1-3 Cut back those pots plants when they spread and cover those plants which still in establishment period.
Management Aims
Dense stands of single species could use selective thinning.
Management Once Established Years 4 Onwards achieved variation in structure by cutting back and removing short sections of vegetation every 2-3 years in rotation.
cigging can be selective provided workers recognise the species to be controlled.
• Enhance shrub or ground vegetation density in coppice area. • increase amount of invertebrates in young coppice.
cut back those general overgrown species when necessary. emergent vegetation controlled by digging out the rhizomes.
• Support butterflies, moths and bees for biodiversity and productive in early years of coppice growth.
Weeds Control in Ponds Area
• Low open or scrub will support bird species nest in woods. Different coppice stage will support different bird species.
Duckweed (Lemna spp.): Usually left to stabilise itself, raking of if it causing problems by blocking pipes or sluices, or to prevent deoxygenation during warm summer periods.
Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii): carefully managed spraying programme by professional operators using approved herbicide.
Fraxinus excelsior Acer campestre
Type 1: expand existing woodland by add woodland edge layers
Sambucus nigra
Quercus robor
Year 1
Initial clearance of litter, existing dead trees, thin out dead branches.
Sorbus aucuparis
Corylus avellana
Betula pendula
Tilia cordata
Year 2
15 years coppicing cycle begins.
Alnus glutinosa
add woodland edge habitat, create ecoton between woodland and meadows. include different kinds of shrubs or berry trees. Year 5
Objective • use coppice to regenerate ground vegetation such as woodland flora and insect.
Mare’s Tail: occasionally need control, managed similarly to Canadian pondweed.
proposed new tree species
the number of wildlife has increased. grass and other vegetation growing better in coppiced woodland area.
remove vegetation as wedge. vegetation removal carried out between september and november in order to reduce disruption to wildlife.
Canada pondweed or water thyme (Elodea canadensis): controlled by thorough uprooting. In still water, using muck rakes in early spring.order to keept the water quality.
Populus nigra italic
Platanus x hybrid
Enhance biodiversity, create low maintain, productive and attractive woodlands.
Digging can be selective provided workers recognise the species to be controlled.
Rigid horwort ( Ceratophyllum demersum): controlled by raking out in autumn, in order to keept the water quality.
existing species
Year 1 proposed new shrub species
Vibumum lantana
• All coppice stage can support different kinds of small mammals. • Coppiced can produce poles and timber.
coupe size
cross-section of year 4 onwards
Coppice woodland will be divided up into several coupes, which cut in rotation over a period of years.
management strategy
In this low maintenance project, coupe size will be 0.1 hectare, coupe shape is rectangular or square, to maximise the sunshine reaching the plot. avoid long narrow shapes.
coppice woodland & add woodland edges
location of management types
Year 2
In this low maintenance project, coupe size will be 0.1 hectare, coupe shape is rectangular or square, to maximise the sunshine reaching the plot. avoid long narrow shapes.
Floating-leaved plants( Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba): need clearance where the water surface is densely covered.programme by professional operators using approved herbicide.
Each coupe have one edge that abuts a ride, the cut wood will be easy removed.
Emergent weeds: digging by hand is the main methods. (Sparganium erectum, Phragmites communis, Typha latifolia, Glyceria maxima).
Year 5 type1 type2
woodland edge include shrubs and berries
Type 2: Add New Layers in Sparse Woodlands. Year 1 initial clearance of litter, existing dead trees, thin out dead branches. thin existing trees to create open area. add saplings between existing trees.
Coppice Cycle & Products
Year 8
wildlife responds to coppice In the first summer after cutting, woodland floor always has a rather sparse vegetation, from the second summer the ground will covered by spring flowers and other plants. The coppice area is very open in the first three or four years, allow vegetation establish and support animals. the coppice canopy closes usually after five or eight years after cutting, the shade will increase and less vegetation and animals will live in this area.
coppice stool STOOLING
stumps
Year 4 ground layers growing better. the number of wildlife increased. Year 8 the canopy of both saplings and exising trees already been closed.
coppice stems
SELECTION CONTINUES BETWEEN STEMS (COMPETITION)
number of wildlife and ground vegetation will decrease. Year 10 15 years coppicing cycle begins.
ENLARGEMENT AND NATURAL SELECTION OF COPPICE STEMS
Year 10
wet woodlands Wet woodlands are often very species-rich. The wet conditions encourage ferns and mosses, whilst decaying wood supports fungi and insects.
Main Species Alnus glutinosa
COPPICE REGROWTH
Quercus robur
Salix fragilis
timber
Many of them thrive in young coppice because it provides open ground with a particularly warm microclimate for adults feeding at flowers or hunting for prey.
Butterflies and Moths The majority of woodland butterfly larvae feed on herbs which occur along rides and in open sunny areas such as those created by coppicing. Generally, the number of moths and the range of species increase through the early year of coppice growth.
Operations
- Use coppicing to increase diversity - Coppicing rotation lenghts between 10 and 20 years denpending on growth rates. - Stools should be cut to about 25cm to ensure enough living wood for the tree to regrow. - Pruning the upper branches of willows, repeating the process every two or three years to increase the levels of light reaching the ground. - Leave fallen dead wood in place wherever possible where safety allows.
Year 4
- Leave fallen dead wood in place wherever possible where safety allows.
coppice species after 15 years wet woodlands management Encourage a diverse range of native species
Alnus glutinosa Fraxinus excelsior (Alder) (Ash)
Tilia cordata (Lime)
Corylus avellana (Hazel)
Quercus robur (Oak) Marsh marigold
Wood horstail
Coppicing will provide low open vegetation or scrub conditions for birds species which nest in woods require area like this.
Invertebrates
stumps shoots
Year 1
Birds
Bog beacon fungus
Strengths Maximize biodiversity. • Control wetlands vegetation by provide shade area. • Provide learning resource. • Aesthetic value. •
Small Mammals Number of small mammals will increase in first three years, then decrease but remain firely stable until the next felling, when the cycle is repeated.
orchard management
orchard management plan
financial balance & potential sponsor
Spacing: 5m Orchard
Apple & Pear: Pruning in late July/August
Mangement Aims Productive landscape, provide education and training opportunities, support financial balance.
Operation cutting back the current year’s growth on all laterals just
above the six leaf form the base, ignoring the leaf cluster at the base, leaders should be left until the winter prune.
Apple & Pear: Winter pruning
Objective
plants orchard and berries in this park, sell fruits in farm shop. • provide course for local community about growing and maintenance of orchards. •
Operation when all leaves dropped and the tree is dormant. the
shoots already shortened in the summer to the sixth leaf are further pruned to three buds from the base. The leader of each branch should be reduced by between a third and half of season’s growth, leaving the top bud outwardpointing.
Cherry
location of orchards & berries
Operation only be pruned in spring, to avoid disease entering woods.
Growing tips should be pinched out when new shoots have made five or six leaves.
berry management plan
Berry
Swales laid out on contour. water percolates into the soil. the swale is 30cm deep and 45cm across. Berries trees are planting between the orchards and maximize land utilization and productive character.
Sp
ac
Year 2
Pyrus communis
Prunus avium 'Stella'
(Apple)
(Pear)
(Cherry)
m
Water Flow & percolate Direction
- In early spring of the first year after planting, select five main stems and prune them back to 15-20cm, removing all other stem from the base.
In winter, remove dead wood and low-lying shoots. then spur prune all side shoots by cutting them back to on to three buds from the base. shorten branch tips by on quarter, cutting to a suitable outward facing bud.
- fertilizer application for all trees planting areas.
Repeat step 2 each year as maintenance pruning.
- remove any damaged branches.
berries species
Malus domestica
:5
In mid-June to July, shorten the current season’s growth back to five leaves, except for those branches needed onwards to extend the main framework. This pruning should not remove fruit, as fruit develops mainly on the older wood, not the current season’s growth.
for those berries growing near woodland and open to public, in order to reach a low maintenance purpose, just pruning those berries when it overgrown or got disease.
orchards species
ing
general operation
berries
Rubus idaeus (Raspberry)
fruiting time: summer to autumn
Ribes nigrum (Blackcurrant) fruting time: summer
Purnus spinosa (Blackthorn) fruiting time: autumn
Rubus fruticocus (Blackberry) fruiting time: summer to autumn
period whole year
Tower Hamlets Council Nature England Park Shop & Cafe Allotment Garden Environment Agency Wildlife Trust Pond Conservation Event
financial support financial support sell food & products Rent financial support financial support financial support hold events
whole year whole year whole year whole year whole year whole year whole year 6 per year
Bees
collect honey
sping & summer
volunteer
In early spring of the first year after planting, select five main stems and prune them back to 15-20cm, removing all other stem from the base.
orchards & berries
activities sell goods (eggs, wools)
People from local communities
C.S.A - Community Supported Agriculture
for those berries growing in commercial purpose area (between orchards). Year 1
income Farm
Ribes uva-crispa (Gooseberry) fruiting time: summer
- remove old wood to encourage new growth and increase productivity.
-
sponsor an apple tree and harvest its fruit.
-
help with running of an organic farm & supporting a farm shop.
-
rent a plot of farm land and have begetables grown on your behalf.
output Park & Farm daily maintenance Park daily maintenance Woodland Wetlands Productive Planting Wetlands Woodland & Wetlands Wetlands Productive Planting & Daily miantenance of Farm & Park Productive Planting
ECOLOGICAL DESIGN
Tinsley Blackburn Meadows
provide wetland park for local community and enhance ecological value • Location: Sheffield, South Yorkshire UK • As can be seen from the graphic, Meadowhall Shopping Centre is near this site, people in sheffield even in south Yorkshire is willing to spend their spare time here. This site have potential to be a park which will serve local community. • Supertram way is beside this site, it will allow people arrive this area easily. Also there are several road access to this area. • Sheffield Canal - River Don is close to this area, it should be considered as an important elements in this design. It can provide water, also when flooding, this area can accept water.