IIT Architecture Chicago Undergraduate and Graduate Cloud Studios Metropolis Research Report
Theme Metropolitan Data Studio Professor Steven Brubaker
Making Metropolis
IIT Architecture Chicago Cloud Studios Metropolis Research Reports Illinois Institute of Technology College of Architecture Research Reports are produced as part of the undergraduate and graduate Cloud Studios program to consolidate, expand, and present the research pursued at the College. This publication is meant for archival purposes and is not professionally published material. It represents unedited and ongoing research and is part of a limited edition of copies, intended for internal use by IIT Architecture Chicago. The series of Research Report publications result from the collaborative effort of studio participants, faculty, and staff. Š 2013, Illinois Institute of Technology College of Architecture, Chicago
Making Metropolis
Contents
03 Introduction Making Metropolis Steven Brubaker 10 1 Group Research 12 Traffic 14 Streetscape 16 Parking 16 Generic Vertical Sections 16 Urban Ritual 33 2 Atmosphere 35 Connecting and Creating 36 Diagrams 38 Plans 44 Sections and Illustrations 51 3 The Grid 55 Grid Concept 58 Band Design 66 Main Streets 70 Grid Typology 77 Streetscape 80 Physical Model
83 4 Life Crescendo 84 Study and Design 92 Bridge Design 96 Green System 100 Crescendo 103 5 The Path 105 Creating a Neighborhood of Man 106 Strategies: Urban Form 108 Strategies: Path Concept 110 The Threshold 114 The Path 116 The Croe 120 The Stage 124 Sections and Illustrations 133 6 Interlocking 135 Design Concept 138 Retail and Entertainment Street 140 Campus and Neighborhood Street 142 The Plaza 146 Physical Model
Introduction Making Metropolis Steven Brubaker 24/7 Multi-Sensory, Embodied and Social City Designers think naturally through their bodies with all their senses. Thus, it is of fundamental interest that Embodiment and the Senses have emerged as the focus of recent, dramatic breakthroughs in the human sciences. They concern the way we perceive, respond to and understand the world through primal biological operations. This studio explores the meaning and implications of these sensibilities to make a distinct Place, integrating practice with a coherent theoretical strategy. For over sixty years in the United States, Interstate Highways as they move through cities - have often divided and destroyed neighborhoods. The I-90/94 Corridor west of the Chicago Loop exemplifies this urban situation. Now, with development steadily moving toward this corridor from both the east and the west, an opportunity exists to knit the urban fabric back together in a unique urban plan for the city. The site for this urban plan is from Washington to Jackson, Jefferson to Halsted in Downtown Chicago. Underdeveloped sites and parking lots were targeted for a full range of market-based uses: housing, office, retail, institutions, industry, academic, entertainment, cultural facilities, parking and so on. Streets, sidewalks, open spaces and Interstate bridges were treated as the basic armature for development.
01
01 I-90_94 Corridor
The studio was organized in two phases. Phase One addressed the practical issues of Money, Mixed-Use, Vehicles, Infrastructure/Energy and Garden/Streetscape. Phase Two addressed the more subjective issues of Materiality, Space, Form, Light/Atmosphere and Rhythm/Ritual. Each phase was followed by a Review. Each week of each phase began with an introduction to a key issue followed by research and regular desk critiques. Students worked in teams of three.
Steven Brubaker
7
02
This studio was ambitious and complex, requiring an intense effort. It was directed toward students seeking the highest levels of excellence and hard work. The site was selected to address four key framing phenomena for research on and activity within a contemporary city:
Build outward from a core Build in an active, growing area Stitch archipelagos together Create a 24/7 Multi-Sensory Embodied City Build outward from a core: Experience suggests that it is desireable and successful to build next to where you have just built. Four hallmarks of Metropolis - intensity, synergy, density and diversity - are immediately established.
02 New West Loop
Making Metropolis
8
Build in an active, growing area: Distinct market and political forces coalesce around specific areas during specific periods. Activity and active people want to bump up against each other, grow and create together. The opportunities to merge a Vision with Practical Realities multiply.
Steven Brubaker
9
The following Bibliography will form the philosophical basis of research, critique and commentary throughout the term.
Stitch Archipelagos Together: Archipelagos - neighborhoods necessarily have a distinct identity. Locating and building upon what they have in common identifies a clear dialogue between the Public Realm and the Private Realm. Human bodies then want to move within and around them.
Bachelard, Gaston, 1958. The Poetics of Space. Beacon Press Basso, Keith H., 1996. Wisdom Sits In Places. University of New Mexico Press Bloomer, Kent C. and Moore, Charles W., 1977. Body, Memory, and Architecture. Yale University Press Damasio, Antonio, 1999. The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. Harcourt -----------------------, 2003. Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow and The Feeling Brain. Harcourt Jacobs, Jane, 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House Lynch, Kevin, 1960. The Image of the City. The MIT Press & Harvard University Press Mallgrave, Harry, 2013. Architecture and Embodiment: The Implications of the New Sciences and Humanities for Design. Routledge Moore, Charles W., Mitchell, William J. and Turnbull, William Jr., 1988. The Poetics of Gardens. The MIT Press Neutra, Richard, 1954. Survival Through Design. Oxford University Press Olin, Laurie, 2000. Across the Open Field: Essays Drawn From English Landscapes. University of Pennsylvania Press Pallasmaa, Juhani, 2005. The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses. John Wiley & Sons ---------------------, 2010. The Thinking Hand: Existential and Embodied Wisdom in Architecture. John Wiley & Sons ---------------------, 2011. The Embodied Image: Imagination and Imagery in Architecture. John Wiley & Sons Rowe, Colin and Koetter, Fred, 1978. Collage City. MIT Press Watson, James D., 1968. The Double Helix. Scribner
Create a 24/7 Multi-Sensory Embodied City: As an educated and self-motivated citizenry emerges, freedom to engage physically and intimately with a wide range of environments is demanded. A full range of uses - housing, office, retail, institutional, industrial, academic, athletic, entertainment, cultural and parking facilities - needs to be understood, appreciated and integrated with streets, sidewalks, open spaces and even Interstate bridges. Thus, the following program: 3 Multi-Family Residential buildings each with 500 units, 500 cars and 10,000 SF of Street Retail; one with a Children’s Museum; one with a Labor Leaders Hall of Fame; one with a Center for the Human Spirit 2 Typical Office Buildings each with 500,000 SF, 500 cars, 10,000 SF of Street Retail; one with a 300 student Elementary School and one with a 500 student Middle School 2 Loft Office buildings each with 400,000 SF, 400 cars, 10,000 SF of Street Retail; one with a 300 student Elementary School and one with a 1,000 student High School Life Sciences Incubator building of 600,000 SF with 600 cars, 10,000 SF of Street Retail plus a Bio-Ethics Institute 2 Hotels each with 400 keys, 200 cars, 5,000 SF of Street Retail; one with a Corporate Conference Center and one with a Culinary Institute of America Teaching Center 1 Loft Manufacturing Building with 200,000 SF, 200 cars, 10,000 SF of Street Retail plus a Cinema Center with 8 screening rooms, 200-seat NiteClub and 1,000 seat Soundstage Gardens and Streetscape
Section Making Metropolis
10
Steven Brubaker Section
11
Making Metropolis: The Embodied City Studio Professor Steven Brubaker
Studio Participants Amy Arnhart Saad Alghamdi Weimin He Rosana Khatib Xiao Lin Eduardo Mediero Maciej Ostrowski Zack Osborne Andy Potter Dai Ren Lainy Stamos Alfred To Albert Tisaire Ventur Tongyu Wu Xingu Zhang
1
Group Research Section
12
Section
13
Traffic
We found that the traffic in the area was very confusing. The requirements of the highway and its fast streets to go into it creates a lot of problems to the area, making it unappealing to the investors and for the people to walk. If there’s no investment, there won’t be new buildings and uses, and if we want to improve the area, this traffic system must change. Analyzing the grid of Chicago and its traffic directions we saw that at some points, the same street could be one or two directions. This create a confusing driving experience making the cars movements longer. Also, making research in books and studies we saw that “slower is better” for the retails and for the walking experience, so it looked like it would be better changing all the streets into a two-way system. If we look at some streets in Chicago, its clearly seen that the ones that are two directions for cars are crowded with restaurants, bars, shops, etc. Another good point about the two-way system is related to the hours when cars go into and out of the loop. As the loop is a business and work area, most of the people go there during the morning and go out in the afternoon. That means that the one-way streets that go to the loop will be crowded during the morning and almost empty in the afternoon. And the opposite thing happens in the afternoon in those ones that take people out of the loop. The result of this is that the businesses on the street will have less affluence than if they were in a two-way system. So we clearly saw that the solution and the best thing for the area would be changing all the streets into a two-way system.
Section 1 | Traffic
14
Section Group Research
15
Michigan Ave
B
Jefferson St
Desplaines St
Halsted St
Green St
Jefferson St
Desplaines St
Halsted St
Green St
W Randolpy St
Jefferson St
W Lake St
Des Plaines St
Halsted St Green St
W Lake St
C
W Randolpy St
A
Lake St Randolph St
W Washington Blvd
W Washington Blvd
Washington St Madison St W Madision St
D
E
W Madision St
Monroe St Adams St Jackson Blvd
F
02
Van Buren St
W Monroe St
W Monroe St
W Adams St
W Adams St
Roosevelt Rd
W Jackson St
W Jackson St
Two Way Streets One Way Streets
W Van Buren St
EXISTING
W Van Buren St
Two Way Streets One Way Streets
EXISTING
CONFUSING DRIVING EXPERIENCE
Michigan Ave
Jefferson St
Des Plaines St
Halsted St Green St
W Lake St
Jefferson St
Desplaines St
Halsted St
Green St
W Randolpy St
Lake St Randolph St
W Washington Blvd
Washington St Madison St Monroe St Adams St Jackson Blvd
W Madision St
Van Buren St
W Monroe St
W Adams St
W Jackson St
W Van Buren St
ALL 2-WAY STREETS
Section 1 | Traffic
The existing street system is combines with one way streets and two way streets. Streets in loop are one way streets. Streets out of loop are two way, one way combined streets. This system makes driving experience confusing.
Roosevelt Rd
ALL 2-WAY STREETS
16
Section Group Research
17
[
]
“Another cause for hope is the growing “20’s Plenty for Us” movement ... ... Recognizing that only 5 percent of pedestrain collisions at twenty miles per hour result in death, versus 85 percent at 40 mph... ...” The safe walk, WALKABLE CITY , P172, Jeff Speck
street business
BUSY
COMMUNITY BEFORE CARS
MEDIUM BUSY
SLOWER IS GOOD
Michigan Ave
Rush
State St
Dearborn
Clarks
speed limit
NO BUSINESS
BETTER FOR BUSINESS
0 mph
20 mph
40 mph
60 mph
80 mph
100 mph
BUSINESS
CHICAGO DOWNTOWN ONE-WAY ROADS
RELATIONSHIP OF BUSINESS AND SPEED LIMITS
[
]
“One- ways wreck down retail districts for reasons beyond noxious driving, principally because they distribute vitality unevenly, and often in unexpected ways. They have been know to kill stores consigned to the morning path to work, since people do most of their shopping on the evening path home. They also create a situation in which half the stores on cross-streets lose their visibility,being located over the shoulders of passing drivers.” The safe walk, WALKABLE CITY
ONE-WAY FOR BUSINESS
TWO-WAY FOR BUSINESS
COMMUNITY BEFORE CARS SLOWER IS GOOD
Section 1 | Traffic
Michigan Ave
Rush
State St
Dearborn
Clarks
BETTER FOR BUSINESS
Morning
Night
CHICAGO DOWNTOWN TWO-WAY ROADS
18
Morning
Night ONE-WAY LANES KILL BUSINESS
Section Group Research
19
Streetscape
Section
20
Section Streetscape
21
Streetscape Alley Neighborhood Street
ALLEY
SIDEWALK
PARKING
TWO-WAY
TWO-WAY
PARKING
SIDEWALK
14’-0”
7’-0”
12’-0”
12’-0”
7’-0”
14’-0”
In order to make pedestrians the focus of street design, the alleys were considered as walkable streets. This makes the streets more people friendly, less dark and thus, more usable. Street lighing, vegetation, and bicycle racks give the alley a street quality, making it less intimidating and more welcoming to pedestrians. It is advisable, if permitted, to make the street a 2-way street.
PLANTER APP. 4’-0”
SIDEWALK 12’-0”
SIDEWALK 16’-0”
BIKE LANE 5’-0”
BIKE LANE 5’-0”
BIKE LANE
PARKING
TWO-WAY
TWO-WAY
PARKING
7’-0”
12’-0”
12’-0”
7’-0”
5’-0”
BIKE LANE
PARKING
TWO-WAY
TWO-WAY
PARKING
7’-0”
12’-0”
12’-0”
7’-0”
5’-0”
SIDEWALK
SIDEWALK
ONE-WAY
SIDEWALK
12’-0”
10’-0”
12’-0”
10’-0”
SIDEWALK
SIDEWALK
TWO-WAY
TWO-WAY
SIDEWALK
16’-0”
8’-0”
12’-0”
12’-0”
8’-0”
02-NEIGHBORHOOD STREET The neighborhood street comes in a variety of designs. However, there must always be street parking. Neighborhood streets are internal and hence, more pedestrians and cyclists are expected to use on them. An effective way to protect pedestrians and cyclists is to actually erase the distinctions that separate car traffic from foot and bike traffic. By eliminating curbs, drivers are induced to driv cautiously, consequently slowing down. This gives pedestrians more control over the local streets, giving the streets back to the people.
Section 2 | Streetscape |Streetscape
22 2
01- ALLEY-WAY In order to make pedestrians the focus of street design, the alleys were considered as walkable streets. This makes the streets more people friendly, less dark and thus, more usable. Street lighing, vegetation, and bicycle racks give the alley a street quality, making it less intimidating and more welcoming to pedestrians. It is advisable, if permitted, to make the street a 2-way street.
Section Group Research Making Metropolis
23 3
Streetscape Main Street The main street typically consists of major streets. These streets expect higher car counts than, for example, a neighborhood street. In order to let the street have a pedestrian objective, streets would be made narrower. Since cars would be driving around 30-35mph, curbs are advised to remain in place for pedestrians safety. However, the scale of the car lanes should not overtake the general width of the street. Bicycles will have their own lanes, as well as street parking. Bicycle racks should also be available along the street. SIDEWALK
PARKING
TWO-WAY
TWO-WAY
14’-0”
7’-0”
12’-0”
12’-0”
PARKING
21’-0”
BIKE LANE
16’-0”
5’-0”
14’-0” 21’-0”
PLANTER APP. 4’-0”
SIDEWALK
SIDEWALK
7’-0”
STREET LIGHTING Criteria for street lighting: -Right-of-way width -Sidewalk width -Street wall height
PLANTER APP. 4’-0”
PARKING
TWO-WAY
TWO-WAY
PARKING
BIKE LANE
SIDEWALK
12’-0”
12’-0”
7’-0”
5’-0”
16’-0”
7’-0”
VEHICULAR LIGHTING: varies but is usually about 34’ in height and have high wattage luminaires. direct the light down onto the roadway and sidewalk, instead of up or out. This saves electricity and helps maintain “dark skies.” They also reduce glare and increase driver visibility. PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING: Also varies, but is approximately 16’ in height.
SIDEWALK
BIKE LANE
PARKING
TWO-WAY
MEDIAN
TWO-WAY
12’-0”
5’-0”
7’-0”
18’-0”
6’-0”
18’-0”
Section 2 | Streetscape | Streetscape
PARKING 7’-0”
BIKE LANE
SIDEWALK
5’-0”
12’-0”
24 4
Section Group Research Making Metropolis
25 5
Streetscape Connector Street
SIDEWALK
BIKE LANE
PARKING
TWO-WAY
TWO-WAY
PARKING
BIKE LANE
SIDEWALK
6’-0”
5’-0”
7’-0”
12’-0”
12’-0”
7’-0”
5’-0”
6’-0”
Connector streets are mainly along the bridge, on an east-west direction. These streets accomodate cars coming in from the highway and exiting towards it. Sometimes highway ramps are not present on the connector street, this gives the street a different character, similar to the neighborhood or main streets. The presence of planters and trees is essential for the quality of the street and pedestrian experience. There should also be benches available at the least. There are typically no distinguishable bicycle lanes and bicycles merge with traffic. Street parking is not manditory, depending on how the street is occupied and if there are buildings present on the bridge.
PLANTER APP. 4’-0”
PLANTER APP. 4’-0”
SIDEWALK
PARKING
TWO-WAY
TWO-WAY
PARKING
SIDEWALK
12’-0”
7’-0”
12’-0”
12’-0”
7’-0”
12’-0”
PLANTER APP. 4’-0”
PLANTER APP. 4’-0”
SIDEWALK
TWO-WAY
MEDIAN
TWO-WAY
SIDEWALK
12’-0”
18’-0”
6’-0”
18’-0”
12’-0”
PLANTER APP. 4’-0”
PLANTER
Section 2 | Streetscape | Streetscape
PLANTER APP. 4’-0”
26 6
Section Group Research Making Metropolis
27 7
1:1
Streetscape Building-Street Height/ Width Ratio
1:3
closure the width mpasses al enclo-
r the sense enclosure is
The height to width of any space generates spatial enclosure that is related to the physiology of the human eye. if the width of a public space is such that the cone of vision encompasses less street wall than sky opening, the degree of spatial enclosure is slight.
1:6
in order to health by the follow-
hin and
As a general rule, the smaller the ratio is the stronger the sense of place and the higher the real estate value. Street enclosure is important, particularly for retail streets.
m of 1 h).” wering high esults in
1:2
1:2 (BUILDING SETBACK)
According to the U.S Green Building Council (USGBC), in order to provide transportation effeciency and improve public health by providing safe and comofortable street environment, the following is necessary: “At least 15% of existing and new street frontage within and bordering the project has a minimum building-height-to-street-width-ratio of 1:3 (i.e., a minimum of 1 foot of building height for every 3 feet of street width).” If the ratio is small in a way that has the buildings towering high (e.g. 2:1 ; 2 increment of height to 1 of width) This results in issues related to climate and light.
1:2 (STREETSCAPE-TREES)
CLIMATEAs streets covers around a quarter of urban areas, designing streets is a key issue in a global approach for an environmental urban design.
1.25:1
The geometry of streets (H/W and L/w ratios) and orientation directly influence the airflow and solar access in urban canyon and therefore thermal comfort at pedestrian level. A wider street (1:2, 1:1, or maximum 1.5:1) provides better mixing of air and consequently better airflow in the urban canyon. In addition, better ventilation could occur in a street with various building heights. Moreover, the H/W ratio affects the quantity of solar energy obtained by street surfaces (facades, roofs and ground). Decrease of the H/W ratio increases solar access in the street. Street orientation hardly influences the amount of solar radiation of the canyon; it causes diffe ences in the distribution of the total radiation over the different street surfaces. Street orientation significantly influences the diurnal and seasonal pattern of irradiation of the street surfaces and it is more affective on the vertical surfaces of the street.
1:1
Since Chicago is a windy city, and the site is located near the highway, wind could be an issue. In order to manage wind and air-flow speed, building heights should not be all equal, and they should not all line up, set backs, and different building geometries and heights help in slowing airflow, and for our given site, it decreases the power of wind.
esigning ironmental
rientation ban canyon A wider mixing of air n. In addit with varis the quantides, roofs lar access in amount of n the distriet surfaces. al and sead it is more
near the wind and ual, and building for our given
2:1 Straight and parallel streets increase airflow within city
Narrow and winding streets make airflow slow
| Streetscape Section 2 | Streetscape
8 28
Making Metropolis Section Group Research
9 29
Parking Parking Research
We focused on looking for how much parking space and what kind of parkings does the site has right now. After we add all the programs in and how much parking areas will we need then. According to different programs like residential, office, museum, manufactory and incubator. Each building need certain amount of parking to support the people use that building. According to the typical footprint of each building, we made a chart of how many floors of each program for parking we need. By using the parking information before and after, each group can decide how many more parking spaces they want to add according to their own projects. We also included the basic rules of parking dimensions chart in our research part. Different angle of parking can have different length and depth. By looking at the chart, each group can decide their own parking dimensions by their own design of the buildings. So according to our research, the parking on the site will not be enough for the furture program to come in. So we need to add enough parking spaces in our furture development in some form according to the design. And the street parking spaces are also very limited right now. We might need to add more of them too.
Section
30
Section Group Research Project Group
31 1
Parking Square Footage of Entire District: 4,510,800 SF
Street Parking on Site: 200 Cars
Parking Square Footage on Site: 580,000 SF
All Parking on Site
01
02 Section 3 |Chapter Parking 1 | Section Title
32 2
Section Group Research Project Group
33 3
Parking Dimention Rules
Parking Increase
Parking Use in Available Areas
1900 Cars
Restaurant
Residential
6400 Cars
Business
01
Parking Dimention Rules
Number of floors needed for parking for different buildings on site
Residential 55 Cars Per Floor 9 Floors
Office
Loft Office
80 Cars Per Floor 6-7 Floors
100 Per Floor 4 Floors
Chapter 1 | Section Title Section 3 | Parking
Hotel 40 Per Floor 15 Floors
02
Manufactory 100 Per Floor 2 Floors
03
4 34
04
Project Section GroupGroup Research
5 35
Generic Vertical Sections
Generic Vertical Sections The following set of diagrams illustrate different possibilities of arrangements of spaces. The diagrams include two building types - stacked towers and “tower + saddle bag�. Depending on the layout, certain transition spaces or programs can be exploited to become building features. The diagrams are made based on the assumption that all retail spaces are on ground level, with parking above and minimal entry spaces.
Section
36
Section Group Research
37 1
Life Science Residential
Parking + Retails
Atrium/ Bioethics Exhibition Institute
Museum
Life Science Residential
Auditorium
Lobby
Bioethics Institute
Museum
Exhibition/Lobby Parking Retails
Parking Retails
Parking Retails
01 Residential and Museums
03 Life Science Incubator and Bioethics Institute Residential
Life Science
Museum
Bioethics Institute
Retail Parking
Retail Parking Life Science Residential
Bioethics Institute
Museum
Retail
Retail Parking
Ele. and Middle Landscape Office/Loft Office School
Ele. and Middle School
Parking
Drop Off + Office/Loft Office Parking
Hotel
Conference Center Parking Retails
Parking Retails
Parking Lobby
Retails
Hotel
Office / Loft Office
Office / Loft Office
Hotel
Conference Center Retails
Sky Lobby + Amenities Parking Lobby
Hotel
Parking Lobby
Retails
Hotel
Conference Center
Office / Loft Office
Classroom Restaurants
Culinary Institute
Outdoor Grill
Conference Center/ Culinary Institute Restaurants
Sky Lobby + School Cafeteria
Indoor Pool/Sports/ Fitness Center
School
High School
Parking Retails
Parking Retails
Mechanical Spaces
Office/Loft Office
Culinary Institute
School
Conference Center
Retail Parking
Hotel Retail Parking
Ele. and Middle Parking Retails
Lobby+Retails
Lobby+Retails
02 Offices and Schools
04 Hotels and Culinary Institute / Conference Center Office/Loft Office
Restaurants
School
Culinary Institute
Retail Parking
Conference Center Hotel Retail Parking
Office/Loft Office School Retail Parking
Section Title
Section 4 | Generic Vertical Sections
2
38
Project Group
Section Group Research
3
39
Urban Ritual Manufacturing
Circulation+ Showcase
Entertainment
Manufacturing
Circulation+ Showcase
Entertainment Parking
Loading Dock
Retail/Lobby
Freight Elevators
Loading Dock
Retail/Lobby
Freight Elevators
Manufacturing Entertainment Retail Parking Manufacturing Entertainment Retail Parking
05 Manufacturing Building and Entertainment
Section Title
Section 4 | Generic Vertical Sections
4
40
Section Group Research
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s d lk ity un ort club wa ark un g sp l ro p g ym layg am cia yclin ool omm g p te so c p c
ore re e st op d sto ienc nt t e sh o -ou ura ery en ffe st fo ke sta roc onv afe g co fa re ta c c
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok loth om lon lectr usi m e sa h c
bo
o zo
b ny clu e um ho ht eatr mp ovie use rary r sy m lib ba m th
nig
g
in
ort
t en ev
sp
r
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
9
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
re
su
lie
s d ity alk un ort club w ark un sp l ro p ng g ym layg am cia ycli ool omm g p te so c p c
nte ce
do
ore re e st op d sto ienc nt t e sh o -ou ura ery en ffe st fo ke sta roc onv afe g co fa re ta c c
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok loth om lon lectr usi m e sa h c
bo
o zo
b ny clu e um ho ht eatr mp ovie use rary r lib ba m th sy m
nig
g
in
ort
t en ev
sp
5 6
9
0
s d lk ity un ort club wa ark un g sp l ro p g ym layg am cia yclin ool omm g c te so c p p
nte ce
do
bo
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok loth om lon lectr usi m e sa h c
o zo
nig
b ny clu e um ho ht eatr mp ovie use rary r sy m lib ba m th
sp
g
in
ort
t en ev
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
23 24
music/theater 55+
friends 55+ r
e
m
ho
re
su
lie
s d ity alk un ort club w ark un sp l ro p ng g ym layg am cia ycli ool omm g p te so c p c
do
nte ce
ore re e st op d sto ienc nt t e sh o -ou ura ery en ffe st fo ke sta roc onv afe g co fa re ta c c
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok loth om lon lectr usi m e sa h c
bo
o zo
b ny clu e um ho ht eatr mp ovie use rary r sy m lib ba m th
nig
g
in
ort
sp
t en ev
r
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
e
m
ho 0
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
16
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16
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18
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20
20
20
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21
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
42
re
su
lie
22
1
Section 5 | Urban Ritual
ore re e st op d sto ienc nt t e sh o -ou ura ery en ffe st fo ke sta roc onv afe g co fa re ta c c
sp
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
21
24
0
b ny clu e um ho ht eatr mp ovie use rary r sy m lib ba m th
t en ev
20
23
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
nig
g
in
ort
19
22
t en ev
o zo
sp
18
21
g
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok loth om lon lectr usi m h c sa e
b ny clu e um ho ht eatr mp ovie use rary r sy m lib ba m th
17
20
in
nig
16
19
ort
bo
o zo
15
18
sp
ore re e st op d sto ienc nt t e sh o -ou ura ery en ffe st fo ke sta roc onv afe g co fa ta re c c
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok loth om lon lectr usi m e sa h c
14
17
b ny clu e um ho ht eatr mp ovie use rary r sy m lib ba m th
bo
13
16
nig
ore re e st op d sto ienc nt t e sh o -ou ura ery en ffe st fo ke sta roc onv afe g co fa re ta c c
9
15
o zo
nte ce
12
14
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok loth om lon lectr usi m e sa h c
s d lk ity un ort club wa ark un g sp l ro p g ym layg am cia yclin ool omm g p te so c p c
do
8
13
bo
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
11
12
ore re e st op d sto ienc nt t e sh o -ou ura ery en ffe st fo ke sta roc onv afe g co fa re ta c c
t en ev
7
11
nte ce
g
in
ort
sp
10
10
s d ity alk un ort club w ark un sp l ro p ng g ym layg am cia ycli ool omm g p te so c p c
e
m
ho 0
8
do
re
su
lie
r
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
9
re
b ny clu e um ho ht eatr mp ovie use rary r lib ba m th sy m
nig
fitness 55+
e
m
ho
4
su
o zo
8
10
7
lie
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok loth om lon lectr usi m h sa e c
bo
7
10
8
e
ore re e st op d sto ienc nt t e sh o -ou ura ery en ffe st fo ke sta roc onv afe g co fa ta re c c
6
9
3
m
e
m
ho 0
6
ho
nte ce
volunteer 55+ nte ce
do
7
r
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
12
13
2
spiritual 25-50
social 25-50
12
5
24
24
11
4
23
23
9
11
3
22
s d ity alk un ort club w ark un sp l ro p ng g ym layg am cia ycli ool omm g p te so c c p
do
8
10
2
21
21
re
su
lie
7
10
6
20
20
6
9
5
19
19
5
6
4
18
18
4
5
3
17
17
3
4
2
16
16
3
1
15
15
2
1
14
14
r
e
m
ho 0
1
13
13
sp
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
2
0
12
12
t en ev
1
r
11
11
g
in
ort
1
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
10
10
b ny clu e um ho ht eatr mp ovie use rary r lib ba m th sy m
nig
tourist 55+ r
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok th m lon lectr usi bo clo ho sa m e
o zo
8
tourist 25-50 r
alk
o u sh od ut ran ry u un e re w park nie sp l clu ng l ro m class d/m ee fo e-o au ce m ve li yg m ia m o g ho liesu do gy pla tea soc cyc po com art ban coff fast tak rest gro con cafe
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok th m lon ctr usi bo clo ho sa ele m
7
24
animal loving child
ore re e st op d sto ienc nt t e sh o -ou ura ery en ffe st fo ke sta roc onv afe g co fa ta re c c
6
10
11
nte ce
r
ds ics oo g on c s in e g s ok th m lon lectr usi m e bo clo ho sa
9
10
0
s d ity alk un ort club w ark un g sp l ro re p yg am cia clin ol mm m g su lie do gy pla te so cy po co
commuter 25-50
nd
o u sh od ut ran ry u un e re w park nie sp l clu ng l ro m class d/m ee fo e-o au ce m ve li yg m ia m o g ho liesu do gy pla tea soc cyc po com art ban coff fast tak rest gro con cafe
8
9
e
m
ho
8
alk
1
0
r
s ok
7
r
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
1
0
n r io ore nte ss le ce re ce st s d t ity sic op n alk sto un ort club w ark un ss /mu e sh od ut uran ery enie g sp l ro p yg am cia clin ol mm cla nd ffe st fo ke-o sta roc m g su nv fe g lie do gy pla te so cy po co ta re co ca art ba co fa re
fitness college student r
alk
o u sh od ut ran ry u un e re w park nie sp l clu ng l ro m class d/m ee fo e-o au ce m ve li yg m ia m o g ho liesu do gy pla tea soc cyc po com art ban coff fast tak rest gro con cafe
athletic 25-50
animal lover 25-50
social college student
n r io ore nte ss le ce re ce st s d t ity sic op n alk sto un ort club w ark un ss /mu e sh od ut uran ery enie g sp l ro p yg am cia clin ol mm cla nd ffe st fo ke-o sta roc m g su nv fe g lie do gy pla te so cy po co ta re co ca art ba co fa re
re
su
lie
s d ity alk un ort club w ark un sp l ro p ng g ym layg am cia ycli ool omm g p te so c p c
do
nte ce
g
in
ort
t en ev
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
7 8
Section Group Research
43
combination 25-50
combination 0-25
0
n er re io nt to ss le ce re ce s s ic p to ity n nd rt b alk us sho od ut rant ry s ie s un ou po clu e re w park en m clas d/m ee t fo e-o tau ce gr m s ial ling ol m v u y e m g o ff m s ho lie do gy pla tea soc cyc po co art ban co fas tak res gr con caf
ds cs oo ni s i ro c eg s ok th m lon lect usi m bo clo ho sa e ng
y m on t tre ph ie seu ary r u ibr gh hea ym ov s l ba m m ni t b
o zo
clu
r po
ng
ti
t en ev
s
p hi
rs ho rk wo sc wo
0
ds cs oo g ni s in e g s ro c ok th m lon lect usi m bo clo ho sa e
o zo
y b lu m on t c tre ph ie seu ary r u ibr gh hea ym ov s l ba m m t
ni
or
sp
g
tin
t en ev
ip ol rsh ho rk wo sc wo
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
combination 55+
0
er re nt to ce re es s t op ity nd rt b alk sto ienc w ark sh od out ran ry un ou spo l clu g n r e e o e u e r p n m f g c m u g m y a li m ia ol ffe st ke est gro onv afe ho lies do gy pla tea soc cyc po com co fa ta r c c
e
ol
s ity nd rt b alk w ark un ou po clu e m m ure g p m ygr m s ial ling ol ho lies do gy pla tea soc cyc po com
er nt ce
re to re ce s p to t n ho d t ie an y s e s foo -ou aur cer ven e ff st ake est gro on afe co fa t r c c
ds cs oo g ni s in e g s ro c ok th m lon lect usi m bo clo ho sa e
o zo
y b lu m on t c tre ph ie seu ary r u ibr gh hea ym ov s l ba m m ni t
or
sp
ti
ng
t en ev
ol
ip rsh ho rk wo sc wo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Based upon our thorough study of the habitual routines of urban dwellers, we can identify key activities and locations of interest across varying demographics. For individuals aged 0-24 years, we have determined interest in recreational activities and majority of time spent in educational facilities. For individuals aged 25-54, we have determined most heavy activity in nightlife and entertainment activities. For individuals aged 51 and up, we have observed that they frequent cultural institutions and public areas of recreation. Ultimately, these groups overlap and intertwine, creating identifiable instances that may be used to help formulate a 24-7 metropolis.
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Section 5 | Urban Ritual
44
Section Group Research
45
Making Metropolis: The Embodied City Studio Professor Steven Brubaker
Studio Participants Zack Osborne Andrew Potter Lainy Stamos
2
Atmospheres
Section
46
Section
47
INTRODUCTION Connecting and Creating This proposal aims to unite two disparate areas, bridging the chasm defined by the interstate corridor. Existing to the east is a loosely grouped loft district, lacking any singular defining character, anchored primarily by Saint Francis Xavier parish. To the west is Greektown with its vibrant street life and established urban form and fabric. Strong sense of identity enhanced by color and smell enliven the neighborhood. North, the neighborhood is both repurposed and revitalized. Old warehouses and historic vestiges of industry are again alive with activity, including culinary, residential, artistic, and industrial. Slicing through these diverse areas is one singular, overpowering element – the I-90/94 expressway. Devoid of any human accommodation or scale, it serves most as a means of connection and convenience but to those within the neighborhood, it proves divisive and discombobulating. Our project draws from these distinct established atmospheres, strengthening their established presence while concurrently harvesting their diverse energies and employing them to create a new central zone. It is in this zone that atmospheres begin to blend with each other, creating unique experiential, cultural, and programmatic experiences. Additionally, the environment assumes a new role, working in combination with program to enliven this newly materialized district. Landscape becomes natural, structured, and even suppressed, providing complement to structures as well as powerful experience in itself.
01 View to the north
01 Section 1 | Connecting and Creating
48
Ultimately, urban forms, existing and introduced, built and natural, physical and intangible, all combine to create previously unseen physical and sensory environments. Section Atmospheres
49
01 Existing Atmospheres
existing open space
existing building density
existing atmospheres
existing street activity restaurant
Vibrant + Hellenic
Vibrant + Hellenic
residential
Scattered + Subdued
Scattered + Subdued
density - high
Street Presence
office
service
restaurant retail
office
05 Composite Diagram 06 Street Character
embodied city
embodied city
embodied city
02
street character + atmosphere
Entertainment
sweep breakdown
street character + atmosphere Identified Atmoshpere Street Presence Entertainment Exploratory
Identified Atmoshpere
Path of Sweep
Path of Sweep
Entertainment
Entertainment
Exploratory
Exploratory
10 Manufactruing Sweep
Recreation
Repurposed + Refined Vibrant + Hellenic
08 Repurposed + Refined Industrial Sweep
Scattered + Subdued
embodied city
embodied city
05
sweep breakdown
06
sweep breakdown
sweep breakdown
Identified Atmoshpere
Identified Atmoshpere
Identified Atmoshpere
Path of Sweep
Path of Sweep
Path of Sweep
Entertainment
Entertainment
Entertainment
Exploratory
Exploratory
Exploratory
Recreation
Recreation
Recreation
11 Park Sweep
Vibrant + Hellenic
09 Scattered + Subdued Halstead Street Sweep
embodied city
04
sweep breakdown
Identified Atmoshpere
Recreation
service
03
07 Identified Atmoshpere Introduced Street Presence Atmospheres
Recreation
open space
residential
01
Exploratory
density - low
civic/institutional
03 Existing Open Space
12 Composite Sweep
embodied city
embodied city
embodied city
07
08
16 Activity Diagram Summer
residential loft office
Entertainment
childres fountain
hotel
Exploratory
outdoor wedding
culinary demonstration
seasonal diagram - spring
standard office
Recreation
embodied city
10
program placement
paths and determined openings Identified Atmoshpere
embodied city
09
spring meditation
11
children’s fair
film festival
12
hay maze
food festival
seasonal diagram - summer
oktoberfest
snowmen
smore demonstration
seasonal diagram - fall
ice bar
hot cocoa tasting
seasonal diagram - winter
yoga classes
soup kitchen
vigils and assembly
science center field sports
baseball
manufacturing
football
02 Program Placement
17 Activity Diagram Fall
plant urban garden
prairie planting
spring dining
concert series
bird migration
woodworking display
prairie burn
embodied city
embodied city
13
19 Developable Parcels
14
15
museum activities
Navy Pier
Recreation Landmark
NorthBridge Shops
holiday lights
16
sledding
back to school
embodied city
22 Citywide Atmospheres and Neighborhoods
18
existing + introduced green space
existing green space Streeterville Green Space
Green Space
Mag Mile
Recreation
Neighborhood
neighborhood celebration
embodied city
17
Exploratory
Exploratory
Education
ice sculpture
fall leaves
neighborhood celebration
Entertainment
Entertainment
Exploratory
warming station
stargazing
nesting birds
city atmosphere + neighborhood
city atmosphere + landmarks
city atmosphere Entertainment
developable parcels
embodied city
residential
seasoned patio
sculpture installation
embodied city
seasonal crafts
snowmaking
snowshoeing
summer lounge
18 Activity Diagram Winter
pop up shop
housewares display
hybrid apples
block party
graduation
embodied city
pop up shop
pollinators
summer day camp
egg hunt
03 Activity Diagrmam Spring
ice skating
pop up shop
spring veggies
metalworking display
20 Citywide Atmospheres
street character Repurposed + Refined
Repurposed + Refined
retail
civic/institutional
density - low
02 Existing Density
13 Paths and Established Openings
street life composite
04 Existing Street Activity
open space
density - high
Repurposed + Refined Vibrant + Hellenic Scattered + Subdued
Introduced Green Space River East
River North
loft office hotel standard office science center manufacturing
Haymarket Square
parcel 1
Chicago Cultural Center Pritzker Pavilion
parcel 11
parcel 2
Colubia Yacht Club Art Institute of Chicago
parcel 10 parcel 3
21 Citywide Atmospheres and Landmarks
Hellenic Museum Buckingham Fountain
parcel 8
parcel 4
Fulton Market
Randolph Street Corridor
parcel 7
Shedd Aquarium UIC Forum
Field Museum
embodied city
embodied city
annex parcel - additional residential
19 2 | diagrams Section
20
Greektown
Grant Park Medical District
Printer’s Row
Little Italy
parcel 9
parcel 6
21 50
24 Existing+ ntroduced Open Space
Millennium Park
The Loop
West Loop
Hull House
parcel 5
embodied city
23 Existing Open Space
UIC
Dearborn Park
University Village
SLoop
Central Station
Museum Campus
embodied city
embodied city
embodied city
22 Atmospheres Section
23
24 51
randolph
st randolph
washington
blvd washington
madison
monroe
adams
jackson
st
st
madison
st
monroe
st
adams
jackson
blvd
blvd
st
st
st
blvd
apparel
hotel
e
office
ential
apparel food & drink
specialty retail
residential
ciences
facturing
food & drink
life 100’
200’
500’
urban
urban plan Section 3 | plans
plan
sciences
manufacturing
52
specialty retail
hotel
service
hotel 100’
200’
500’
merchandising
merchandising plan Section Atmospheres
plan
service
53
randolph
st
Opaque Skin
washington
Geometricized Glazing
Expressive Glazing
Media Facade
Structural Concrete
Refined Metalwork
blvd
Lacquered Metal
Insutrial Equipment
Living Wall
madison
Colored Steel
st
Corten Steel Channel Glass
Structured Glazing
Leaded Metals
monroe
st
Perforated Metals
Weathered Corugated Metal
Tactile Masonry Finely Stacked Stone
adams
st
Weathered Stone
Quarry Remnants
Stacked Stone
jackson
blvd
Vernacular Stone
Recalimed Wood
100’
200’
500’
materials
plan
Ethereal Metals
garden plan
streetscape and garden plan Section 3 | plans
materials plan 54
Section Atmospheres
55
randolph
washington
madison
monroe
adams
jackson
st
blvd
st
01
st
st
01 ariel perspective of physical model
blvd
service access & waste
ce
e
alley permeable surface bus stop bicycle parking 100’
200’
500’
infrastructure
plan
parking entrance
infrastructure plan Section 3 | plans
56
02 Overhead view of entertainment zone
02 Section Atmospheres
57
site section through three atmospheres looking east
detail at museum campus 4 | sections and illustrations Section
detail through parks and nature gradient 58
Atmospheres Section
59
100’
entertainment
200’
500’
recreation
exploratory
embodied city
site section through three atmospheres looking east
entertainment atmosphere
4 | sections and illustrations Section
recreation atmosphere
60
Atmospheres Section
61
100’
200’
100’
500’
200’
500’
01
01 embodied city
embodied city
01 section through entertainment atmosphere
01 section through recreation atmosphere
02 illustration of entertainment and retail node
02 illustration of halstead street through recreation
03 section through exploratory atmosphere
03 illustration of exploratory zone
02
100’
200’
02
500’
03
03 embodied city
4 | sections and illustrations Section
62
Atmospheres Section
63
Making Metropolis 24/7 City
Studio Professor Steven Brubaker Studio Participants Dai Ren Maciej Ostrowski Saad Alghamdi
3 Chicago Grid Infrastructure Architecture Landscape Section
64
Section
65 1
01
01 Panoramic View Toward West Side of The Project
Section 1 | Grid Concept
66
The grid extends vertically and horizontally along programmatic bands that span the expressway, reconnecting the neighborhoods. The programmatic bands mix uses to create public-private partnerships that encourage development.
Section The Grid
67
INTRODUCTION
01 Bands Diagram
01
The West Loop area of Chicago is experiencing significant development. However, Interstate 90-94 divides and separates it. We use the existing street grid to re-connect neighborhoods from Greektown to Randolph, from Halsted to Des Plaines. By placing development directly on the bridges that span the Interstate, we make these bridges comfortable for pedestrians. By mixing uses on Des Plaines we can re-create the activity, nightlife and experiential richness that is currently a hallmark of Halsted in Greektown. Thus, we have a blueprint for the future of Chicago.
02 Bands Program
02 Section 1 | Grid Concept
68
Section The Grid
69
Loft Office with High School
Loft Office with Middel School
Loft Office with Elementry School
Resitential
Resitential
Hotel with Conference center
Resitential
Labor Hall of Frame
Children Musem
move theater soundstage nightclub
Center for Human Spirit
Office with Elementry School
Hotel with Culinary
Manifactory
03 Developers Diagram
03 Section 1 | Grid Concept
70
The grid is a prototypical planning device that works at many scales and can be adapted to specific conditions. These specific conditions range from site to uses to methods of construction. Everyone can find a place in this singular system. Even power, waste and water can be integrated into the system. It is capable of expansion and modifiable replication over time. It can even extend to street furniture, balconies and arcades as well as private and public gardens. Finally it adapts flexibly to climate through internalized heating and cooling in conjunction with additive elements.
Section The Grid
71
W Washington Blvd Site Plan
3D Day View Shown Hotel with Culinary/Labor Hall/Residential Tower/Winter Garden
W Washington Blvd Bridge Section
3D Night View Shown Hotel with Culinary/Labor Hall/Residential Tower/Winter Garden
Section Chapter 3 | Band Design
72
Section The Grid
73
W Madison St. Site Plan
W Madison Bridge Section
3D View Shown Children Museum/School/Office/Residential Tower Section Chapter 3 | Band Design
74
Section The Grid
75
W Monroe St. Site Plan
W Monroe Bridge Section
3D Night View Shown Loft Office/Soundstage/Movie Theater/Nightclub/Hotel Section Chapter 3 | Band Design
76
Section The Grid
77
W Adams St. Site Plan
3D View Shown Elementary School/Spiritual Hall/Residential Tower Section Chapter 3 | Band Design
78
Section The Grid
79
Desplaines Shopping Retails
Desplaines Street
Desplaines Street Section
3D View Along Desplaines Section Chapter 3 | Main Streets
80
Section The Grid
81
Halsted Greek Town Restraunt Retails
Halsted Street
Halsted Street Section
3D View Along Halsted Chapter 3 |Main Streets Section
82
The Grid Section
83
Grid Typology Grid Typology
Section Chapter 3 | Grid Typology
84
Section The Grid
85
Section Chapter 3 | Grid Typology
86
Section The Grid
87
Playscape
Placed along Schools and Parks
Green House
Street Light
/ Terrace
Placed along walkways on both sides of streets.
Section Chapter 3 | Grid Typology
88
Section The Grid
89
Summer/Winter Time Streetscape Section
Halsted Streetscape Section Section Chapter 3 | Grid Typology
90
Section The Grid
91
Decplaines Streetscape Section
Neighborhood Streetscape Section
West/East Streetscape Section
Alleys Streetscape Section
Chapter 3 | Streetscape Section
92
The Grid Section
93
02
I-90/94 Corridor View
East/West Adams Bridge View
Project Physical Model Chapter Section 3 | Physical Model
94
The Section Grid
95
Making Metropolis 24/7 City
Studio Professor Steven Brubaker Studio Participants Albert Tisaire Ventura Xiao Lin Xingu Zhang
4 Life Crescendo Metropolitan Urban Tissue
Section
96
Section
97
INTRODUCTION When we first walked around the site, we immediatly saw and felt the big problem of the expressway. The huge and traumatic cut in the Chicago grid that divides the area into two big islands, with no relation or connection but 5 concrete bridges and a dense forest of lamps. That introduced our first goal. Because the city responses to that expressway is void, empty land and low density. So the answer to this problem is to knit both sides with a strong tissue, enhancing the area and not avoiding the problem. We don’t want this area to be covered or removed, hidden to the people. It must be the solution and the principal point. With this premise, we focused on 3 different things: A huge green corridor in and next to the highway to enhance the area, connect the bridges and lessen the impact of the expressway to the city, making it seem smaller; extend the width of the bridges and build on top of them, with adding new uses and bringing activity to this center area; and finally design a street scape and changing the traffic circulation to improve the people’s movements around the site, making this area recognizable from far and transforming the idea of the west loop into a nice and emerging place.
01 Site Plan
01 Section 1 | Study and Design
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Section Life Crescendo
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PEAK HOURS NORMAL HOURSTRAFFIC TRAFFICON ONRAMPS RAMPS
Jefferson St
Jefferson St
Desplaines St
Desplaines St
Halsted St
Green St
Halsted St
Green St
Jefferson St
Jefferson St
Desplaines St
Desplaines St
Halsted St
Halsted St
Green St
Green St
W Randolpy St W Randolpy St
W Randolpy St W Randolpy St
W Washington Blvd W Washington Blvd
W Washington Blvd W Washington Blvd
W St Madision St W Madision
W Madision St W Madision St
W MonroeWStMonroe St
W MonroeWSt Monroe St
W Adams W StAdams St
W AdamsWStAdams St
W JacksonWStJackson St
W Jackson W St Jackson St
W Van W Van Buren St Buren St
Light Traffic Light Traffic Moderate Traffic Moderate Traffic Heavy Traffic Heavy Traffic
FRIDAY9:00AM 13:00PM FRIDAY
Traffic Study
W Lake StW Lake St
W Lake StW Lake St
Chicago now has the combination of one-way and two-way system. Traffic jam easily happens in the converting points between two systems. From the existing one-way system study on the site, we found confusing driving experience on the street.
W Van Buren St Buren St W Van
Light Traffic Light Traffic Moderate Traffic Moderate Traffic Heavy Traffic Heavy Traffic
FRIDAY 21:00PM FRIDAY 17:00PM
01 Normal Hours Traffic On Ramps Peak Hours Traffic On Ramps
01 S Jefferson St
S Desplaines St
Jefferson St
Desplaines St
Halsted St
Green St
N Halsted St
W Lake St
W Randolpy St
Based on the normal hours and peak hours traffic study on the ramps, [Image 1 ]we found out most of the ramps are not fully in use, so we reduce three of the ramps and move some of the middle ramps into two sides to re-organized the existing inefficiency of the ramp.
W Washington Blvd
W Madision St
What is more, one way system kills business on the streets and two-way system enhances the business proliferation. Based on the study, we change all the system into two-way system.
W Randolpy St
W Washington Blvd
On the other side, the one-way system decreases pedestrians’ sense of safe on the street. With well designed two-way system, the driving speed would slow down for better pedestrians’ experience without affecting the traffic efficiency.
W Madision St
W Monroe St W Monroe St
W Adams St
W Adams St
W Jackson St
W Jackson St
Removed Ramps New Ramps
W Van Buren St
NEW PROPOSE OF RAMPS
New Ramps
NEW PROPOSE OF RAMPS
02 New Proposal Of Ramps
02 1 | Study and Design Section
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1 | Study and Design Section
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Green Corridor Bridges Types Of Streets
By taking out the traffic on the ramps, we saw that they are connected in section so we could build a green corridor. So the use would change from a dense traffic ramp to a walkable lane with a landscape design. It begins at Adams street, and goes up and down connecting Monroe and Randolph, creating a path with multiple different views to the area. By adding this green corridor we divide the expressway in two parts making its impact to the city a lot less important. We also want to bring different feelings and attitudes to the streets. With a cross section through the expressway we identified 3 different types of streets with a North-South direction. The traffic ones, with 4 lanes for cars, becoming the principal connections to our area. The walking streets that are close to the center part and with the future buildings that will be designed next semester, with a lot of retails and uses, 2 to 4 lanes and a low velocity restriction to the cars, making those streets better for people and improving the shopping and retail experience. And finally the garden parkway, the center area. It won’t be seen as an expressway anymore, it will become a walkable place, with cars of course, but the driving experience will be improved and people will be attracted to it. 03 Green Corridor Section 04 Bridges Connection 05 Two Bridges Connection 06 Types of Bridges
Section 1 | Study and Design
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Section 1 | Study and Design
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Bridges And Buildings Relationship S Jefferson St
S De s p l a i n e s S t
S Jefferson St
S De s p l a i n e s S t
N Ha l s t e d S t
N Ha l s t e d S t
W Randolpy St
W Randolpy St
W Washington Blvd
W Washington Blvd
W Madision St
W Madision St
W Monroe St
W Monroe St
W Adams St
W Jackson St
Fresh Market
Street Library
Street Library
Shopping Center with Music Shopping Center with Music
fresh market bridge fresh market bridge culinary school+laborculinary hall school+labor hall street library bridge street library bridge W Adams St educational zoom educational zoom shopping center bridge shopping center bridge hotels + entertainment hotels + entertainment conservatory bridge life science W Jackson St art center bridge local cultural street
The project includes five bridges with different characteristics. From the north to south, the first bridge is near a zoom of restaurants, the area is for daily life service. So the main characteristic of the bridge is fresh market. As a result, the culinary school will locate on the west side of the bridge. On the east side, it was the historical site for labor leader demonstration, so the labor leader hall with residential building locates here. The main characteristics of the second bridge is street library and educational center, so we place two elementary schools, one middle school, one high school and one children’s museum on the sites around the bridge to emphasize the sense of educational and learning. 1 | Study and Design Section
Fresh Market
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Conservatory
Conservatory
Art Gallary
Art Gallary
conservatory bridge life science art center bridge local cultural street
07 Bridges and Buildings Relationship
The main characteristics of the third bridge is the shopping center. It continues the shopping experience along the Monroe. Around it, we place the hotel and cinema, together with the manufacture and international conference center. The main characteristics of the fourth bridge is conservatory. The bridge would change according to the season changes. The life science building and the incubator would locate on the west side. It is a bridge about nature and science. Since the greek town locates on the west side of the bridge, we put art as the characteristics of the fifth bridge to enhance the sense of art and culture.
1 | Study and Design Section
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Bridge Sections Plan
The bridge becomes the center part of our siteplan. So it’s very important to find the appropiate size, use and feeling to its interiors and sorroundings. That’s why we can make a differenciation between traffic and walking bridges. The first ones (Washington, Monroe and Jackson) are the ones that will afford more traffic, with 4 lanes for cars with its consequent width. That allows us to make those bridges higher and more dense. The second ones (Madison and Adams) will be more convenient for pedestrians, changing the priority between cars and people, so those streets will be mainly for people. The sidewalks will be at the same height as the road and then the velocity of the cars will be reduced. As “slower is better” for retails, that will make the bridges very appealing for retails and people to walk around. 2 Section | Bridge Design
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08 plan of walking and traffic bridges 09 public space in the bridges 10 levels on the bridges 11 elevation and section of the bridges
The inner space of the bridges will change as we go to higher floors. A successful shopping center needs different sizes for its stores to allow different type of retails to settles into the place, so the ground floor has been thought for little retails to give more diversity and more activity to the street, and the higher levels for big stores. There could be Apple, GAP, Nike stores or similar. But this doesn’t mean that those stores, libraries or markets are enclosed or that they won’t have any contact or relation with others. We want the inner facade to be very open and transparent, so everything could be seen from all points of the bridge, creating a better experience to the people. But from the outside of the bridge the facades will be strong and solid, showing clearly the materials and textures that recognizes and identifies the use of each bridge.
Section 2 | Bridge Design
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Gates and Materials
12 entrance of the gate 13 public space in the bridges 14 levels on the bridges 15 elevation and section of the bridges
2 Section | Bridge Design
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The gates and materials defines the entrances and senses of the sites. The five bridges defining five zooms of different feelings. According to the different characteristics, we apply five systems of materials into these zooms. These materials will also be used on the facades of the five sets of gates located on the ends of the bridges. In the first zoom, we are using light grid materials for relaxing market context. In the second zoom, we are using wood for creating the sense of comfortable learning environment. In the third zoom, we are using bricks, which related to the texture of fashion. In the fourth zoom, we are using stones as well as glass structure to sense the nature of earth and light. In the fifth zoom, we are using corten steel to express the sense of freedom of art.
Section 2 | Bridge Design
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Green System From the existing structure of the removed ramps, we are able to design a continuous green corridor moving sinuously in the middle of the highway. On one side, the green corridor can improve the driving experience in the highway; on the other side, the green corridor provides a recreation park connecting all the bridges from south to north. From the imagine green corridor design, one edge of green corridor is defined by the a line of Arborvitea trees, a green belt locates next to it. The green belt contain five ramps. Each ramps have two parts. One is the quick path way, for people running and biking. Another one have little pockets for people to explore. We use different strategies to make little pockets. We use 3m tall hedges, 1m tall native grass, planting beds with material walls, water fountain to create the outdoor space. Since ramps have elevation changes, we planting native grass to infiltrate the storm water at the lower part of each ramps.
GREEN CORRIDOR
+ Planting Beds
+
Ice Wall
+ 3 Meters Tall Hedge
Auditoriums
+
+ Planting Beds
Children’s Slide
1 Meter Tall Native Grass
Water Fountain
Each ramps have their program to tie with the site. For example, the ramp next to children’s museum and elementary school, it has children’s slide on the ramp. The ramp next to cinema, it has auditorium sitting areas and the screen will be located on the bridge. The ramp next to the conservatory, it has water fountain and cascade which the water comes from the eco-machine infiltration system. The ramp next to the art bridge has sculpture and art piece on the ramp.
Cascade
Sculpture
GREEN CORRIDOR PROGRAM
16 plan and section of green corridor 17 uses on green corridor 18 perspective of green corridor
3 | Green System Section
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3 | Green System Section
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Green System Along the two sides of high way, we create a public park. For create a walkable park, we located different materials of walls between ramps and park. With the park system, people can explore the site with the park way. For the park, we designed different destinations, each destination tie to the site. For example, one destination next to labor leader’s hall, it will be the labor’s memorial. The one next to children’s museum designed playground.
Grey Water Infiltration Plant
Storm Water Infiltration Plant
For green infrastructure, we have storm water infiltration plant and gray water infiltration plant. Bioswale Grey Water Infiltration Plant Storm Water Catchment
Pleasure Garden
For storm water management, we use native grass planting to infiltrate and collect storm water. For gray water, we use green house eco-machine system to clean the gray water and then use outdoor infiltration plant to infiltrate gray water.
INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN
Memorial For Labor
Children’s Playground
Pleasure Garden Soccer Field
Children’s Museum Garden
Amphitheater
Living Machine
Sculpture Garden
Flower Garden
DESTINATIONS IN THE PARK
19 green infrastructure 20 uses of the parks 21 perspective from highway
3 Section | Green System
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Section 3 | Green System
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Crescendo
“To increase in intesity, to reach or head for a climax”. That’s the definition of crescendo. And that’s the feeling that we want to bring to the people in our place. So this feeling has to begin somewhere and have a culmination in a certain point. That’s why we designed the streetscape far away from our center part, because we want people to recognise that they are in a different place when they walk our streets. We divided this street design in 3 parts, green space, pavement design and urban furniture. With its design and increasing its intensity while getting closer to the center area, people will feel that they are heading something or arriving to an important point. That’s the moment when the pedestrian or the car will see the gate, as a monument or landmark, catching their eye and avoiding the possibility to see whats inside the building. The mistery will be revealed when they cross it and see the open space and its activities occurring during all the day. People walking, resting, buying, singing and dancing or just spending the afternoon crossing the bridges, its green’s corridors and the park’s destinations. That’s the climax and the reason why people will be attracted by this place. A mixture of design, a 5 sense game, architecture and urban design in the Chicago’s West Loop.
22 crescendo of green pavement and street furniture 23 crescendo of public space on the street
4 | Crescendo Section
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4 | Crescendo Section
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Metropolitan Data Making Metropolis Studio Professor Steven Brubaker
Studio Participants Eduardo Martinez-Mediero Rosana Elkhatib Tongyu Wu
5 THE PATH Creating a Neighborhood of Man Section
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Section
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INTRODUCTION One feels safe in the neighborhood of man, and that is what makes a city great. Once man is taken off the street, the city no longer exists, and so, it is imperative that we focus on the street life when designing a neighborhood to allow a sense of closeness; a community. Our design focuses on stitching the east and west parts of the highway to revitalize the neighburhoods along the edges. By creating a new district over the highway, the dividing lines are blurred. A path connecting the southwest and Northeast edges of the highway creates a unique street experience the invites people outside into a 24/7 experience.
Section
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Section 1 | Creating a Neighborhood of Man
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STRATEGIES Urban Form
Defining Edges
02
01 URBAN FORM OF CHICAGO
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02 SITE
03 EDGES
02 SITE
03 EDGES
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04 ADOPTING THE URBAN FORM 2 Section | Strategies: Urban Form
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The Path Section
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04 NEW SITES 121
STRATEGIES Path Concept
02 IDENTIFY NODES
03 PATH CONCEPT
03 CREATE CONNECTION
04 APPLY PATH WITH NODES
3 Section | Strategies: Path Concept
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Section The Path
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THE THRESHOLD Halsted Entrance
People coming from the CTA Blue Line Jackson stop will be able to have glimpses of the path as they walk north on Halsted. The first node is located on Halsted and serves the Hellenic Museum as well as the public realm. The lush node contrasts with the banal street quality of Halsted and becomes an attractive thershold that relates to Greek Town as well as being a part of the internal path,
Image caption Image caption Image caption Image caption
4 | The Threshold Section
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The Path Section
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HELLENIC NATIONAL
MUSEUM
01 SECTION LOOKING SOUTH
HELLENIC NATIONAL
MUSEUM 02 DETAIL OF SLOPED THRESHOLD AND LIGHTS Section 4 | The Threshold
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Section The Path
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THE PATH The path runs vertically along the district. It is characterized by its lushness and variety of vegetation.
01
02 Section 5 | The Path
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Section The Path
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THE CORE The core is the central point of the district in which the path and the street dissolve into one dynamic plaza.
6 | The Croe Section
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The Path Section
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01 SECTION LOOKING SOUTH AT CINEMA
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02 PLAN OF CORE
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03 DETAIL OF LIGHT AND WATER “OBELISKS” Section 1 | The Croe
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Section The Path
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THE STAGE The stage is located in the music node, north of the core. This is characterized by surrounding music stores and jazz bars, and most importantly, a performance stage sunken into the plaza for general spectators. This could potentially serve the Hubbard Dance school south of Jackson and Halsted and general community activities and festivities.
Image caption Image caption Image caption Image caption
7 | The Stage Section
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The Path Section
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01 SECTION LOOKING NORTH
Image caption Image caption Image caption Image caption 02 PLAN OF MUSIC NODE Section 7 | The Stage
03 DETAIL OF STAGE 136
Section The Path
137
ST. PATRICK’S CHURCH
THEATRE NODE
FOOD NODE
Section 8 | Sections and Illustrations
MUSIC NODE
138
Section The Path
139
THRESHOLD
CORE Section 8 | Sections and Illustrations
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Section The Path
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TECHNICAL RAMPS 2-WAY STREETS ALLEYS CONNECTORS WASTE CONVEYANCE Project Group PARKING IN TOWERS PARKING ALONG THE HIGHWAY
01 NEW RAMPS
RESEARCH OF WASTE
01 PARKING
02 TRAFFIC SYSTEM & ALLEYS
Pneumatic Refuse Conveying System ---Greater holding capacity than of the same area's surface dumpsters/bins ---Compaction of the waste, increasing their effective capacity by 1.5 to 2.5 times ---Improved aesthetics ---High hygienic standards, controlling bacterial development and odor problems ---Limited maintenance requirements and superior protection against vandalism
03 ALLEY-WAY MERGED WITH PATH CASE STUDY 1 : Roosevelt Island (NY, USA)
CASE STUDY 2: Disney World (FL, USA)
03 CONNECTOR STREET ON BRIDGE 8 | Sections and Illustrations Section
02 WAST CONVEY SYSTEM 142
03 CASE STUDY The Path Section
143
The path runs vertically along the district. It is characterized by its lushness and variety of vegetation.
01
02 Chapter 1 | Section Title
Section 8 | Sections and Illustrations
Project Group
144
Section The Path
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Making Metropolis 24/7 City
Studio Professor Steven Brubaker Studio Participants Amy Arnhart Weimin He Alfred To
6 Interlocking Plaza
Section
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Section
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INTRODUCTION Interlocking The construction of the expressway through Chicago’s West Loop has had adverse effect in urban development in the area. The urban landscape favors cars over people, making the streets unfriendly to people. Certain sub-districts have managed to reinvent themselves and began to grow again, but the less fortunate areas are filled with parking lots that serve commuters who travel from the suburbs. How do we restore the balance between automobiles and pedestrians? How do we fill the void? And more importantly, how do we enhance or create authentic characters for the sites? Our approach is to identify such unique characters and atmospheres in the area. We have developed five individual, but interlocking districts, energized by a retail and cultural center. Halsted and Des Plaines become the physical connections, each consistent in materiality but varied by the programs around. The central plaza being the pumping heart of the project, it is critical to be a place that everyone can enjoy. The design and program is largely based on William H. Whyte’s research on urban public spaces and Laurie Olin’s redesign of Bryant Park in New York. The result is an oasis in West Loop that caters for different needs of people while remaining flexible for impulsive uses.
01 Site Plan
01 Site Plan Section 1 | Design Concept
148
Section Plaza
149
Reinvent Neighborhood
hain New Town
cts
Strategies Reinforce Residential Museum Hotel
02 Organization Principle
Office/Loft Office
Variety of Programs along Des Plaines
School Life Science Manufacturing
Education Greektown
03
04
03 Culinary District 04 New Town
02
Entertainment
Enhance
Five Rings The site is developed as five individual sub-districts. The Culinary Institute and hotel in the northwest portion is the anchor of the culinary district, engaging the restaurants and bars on Randolph and bridging over to Greektown in the southwest. Greektown is already a thriving neighborhood, but is completed by additional residential, commercial and retail components. The south side of Des Plaines has a quiet and calming atmosphere, and is reinforced by the new schools. The northeast portion is rejuvenated by introducing a variety of programs, completing the street and providing new life to the neighborhood.
Existing Atmosphere
05 Greektown 06 Education
2 | Five Rings Section
05
150
06
Plaza Section
151
07
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Halsted - Retail and Entertainment Street The synergy created by groupings of programs develops a unique character for the districts and the street. With the Culinary district and Greektown, Halsted is further reinforced as a street for retail, entertainment and food. The materiality consists of reflective materials such as honed granite, glass mosaic and metal to capture the vibrant spirit of the street.
07 Halsted Street Components and Materiality 08 Section Perspective on Halsted
2 | Retail and Entertainment Street Section
152
Plaza Section
153
09
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Des Plaines - Campus and Neighborhood street As a neighborhood and campus street, a sense of security is essential to the character of the Campus and New Town. There is a substantial amount of landscape that buffers the sidewalk from the street. The street is paved with red bricks and stones to create a warm and intimate atmosphere.
09 Des Plaines Street Components and Materiality 10 Des Plaines Streetscape
3 | Campus and Neighborhood Street Section
154
Plaza Section
155
11 General Plaza components
agram Madison
Children’s Museum
Hardscape
Cinema
Retail
Retail
Softscape
Monroe
13 Plaza Plan
12 Plaza Components Arrangement 4 | The Plaza Section
156
Plaza Section
157
15 Plaza in Daytime and Children’s Museum
Central Plaza In William Whyte’s 1980 film The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, he illustrates the critical components that make certain plazas attractive to people. In essence, a good plaza begins at the street corner, there should be no clear distinction between the plaza and the street. It is also a place for people to observe other people, so there must be a space that functions as a “stage”. The most popular spaces in a plaza are the ones under a cove of trees because of the sense of protection they provide. In this project, these elements are arranged to respond to the programs around the plaza, and to break down the scale to focus the areas where people congregate. The Center framed by a mix of daytime and nighttime programs - an entertainment center, Children’s museum, Center for Human Spirits and retail spaces. The plaza switches character day and night, and becomes the pumping heart for the entire area.
16 Plaza in Nighttime and Entertainment Center Section 4 | The Plaza
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Section Plaza
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17 Physical Model
18 Physical Model Section 5 | Physical Model
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Section Plaza
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Metropolitan Data: Second City 2050
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