September/October 2017 • Vol. 8, No. 5
Materials • Technology • Trends
Seismic Reinforcement and Anchors p34
Reclaiming Chicago Common Brick p28
GREEN BUILDING p14
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volume 8 | number 5
September/October 2017 |content s
f e at u r e s 14
Design Trends / Green Building
Reducing the Impact of Building Envelopes
Achieving sustainability within the building envelope starts with specifying the right products. The author offers three strategies to reduce the environmental impact of your design. by Tom Hanzely
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The Greenest Buildings
Green building is not just for new construction; it’s also using what already exists. Masonry Design presents what architects need to know about masonry preservation and restoration. by Karen D. Hickey and Elena Peltsman
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Comfort Block: High-Performing Green Masonry Product
The first self-contained, insulated building block in the United States is easy to use, reduces water on the jobsite and creates a faster, more streamlined construction process. by Chris Genest
18 Materials / Recycled Masonry Materials
28
Bricks Incorporated: Reclaiming Chicago Common Brick
Bricks Incorporated salvages reclaimed brick, reclaimed fire brick and old terra cotta in and around Chicago. See some of their latest projects. by Karen D. Hickey
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Materials • Technolog y • Trends
www.masonr ydesignmagazine.com LIONHEART PUBLISHING, INC. 1635 Old41 Hwy., Suite 112-361 Kennesaw, GA 30152 Tel: 770.431.0867 Fax: 770.432.6969 E-mail: lpi@lionhrtpub.com www.masonrydesignmagazine.com Publisher John Llewellyn llewellyn@lionhrtpub.com Editor Karen Hickey karen@lionhrtpub.com Art Director Alan Brubaker albrubaker@lionhrtpub.com Online Projects Manager Patton McGinley patton@lionhrtpub.com Assistant Online Projects Leslie Proctor Manager leslie@lionhrtpub.com
On the cover: Circa Central Park is an 11-story mixed-use building located on a prominent site in Upper Manhattan. Circa offers modern, indoor-outdoor living with sweeping views of Central Park. The façade, an abstract composition of curves and colored fins, seeks a balance of panoramic views, privacy and solar control within the residences. The project won the Gold Award in the 2017 Brick in Architecture Awards in the Residential– Multi-Family category. (Photo by JC Cotton)
Technology / Seismic Retrofitting, Reinforcement and Anchors
34
Seismic Design for Masonry
An unstable masonry building is unsafe for those both inside and outside its walls during a seismic event. Upgrades to unreinforced masonry buildings can improve safety as well as overall community resilience.
Advertising Sales Marvin Diamond marvin@lionhrtpub.com Advertising Sales Aileen Kronke aileen@lionhrtpub.com Reprints & Subscriptions Kelly Millwood kelly@lionhrtpub.com
The editorial mission of Masonry Design is to educate and inform architects, engineers and specifiers about the vital role that masonry plays in the construction markets in the United States and Canada, as well as to promote masonry and masonry systems in building design (commercial, residential, institutional and educational), interior design and hardscaping applications. With each issue, readers will become better informed of the design trends, latest materials and newest technologies that will aid them in creating better masonry projects.
Masonry Design (ISSN 1941-0975) is published bi-monthly by Lionheart Publishing, Inc.
by David Sommer and Cale As
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Tornado Season Underscores the Importance of Reinforced Masonry Wall Systems General Shale’s Endurance RS4™ structural brick provides advantages for tornado-prone areas. by Dawn Henning
co l u mns & d epa r t me n t s 4 6 8 44
From the Editor Industry Outlook Industry News Virtual Reality
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46 47 48
Supplies Index to Advertisers Special Report: DEWALT
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Copyright © 2017 by Lionheart Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. The copyright owner, however, does consent to a single copy of an article being made for personal use. Otherwise, except under circumstances within “fair use” as defined by copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced, displayed or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner, Lionheart Publishing, Inc. Send e-mail permission requests to karen@lionhrtpub.com.
Disclaimer – The statements and opinions in the articles of this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Lionheart Publishing, Inc. or the editorial staff of Masonry Design or any sponsoring organization. The appearance of advertisements in this magazine is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised.
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from the editor
After the Storms
Karen Hickey, editor To make comments or suggestions, send e-mail to karen@lionhrtpub.com.
Harvey. Irma. Jose. Katia. No, these are not random names. They are the hurricanes on record while we were preparing this issue of Masonry Design. Most, if not all, of you are familiar with Harvey and Irma, two large hurricanes which brought about incredible destruction in the Southeast United States in August and September — destruction to the tune of tens of billions of dollars in Houston, Texas, and all across the state of Florida. The resilience of commu- Natural disasters, such as tornadoes, hurricanes and earthquakes, wreak havoc on buildings. nities against natural disasters Up-to-date building codes and standards are vital to maintaining our communities and the begins with sound buildings buildings in them. and infrastructure. In this issue, construction. It’s also using what already exists, we explore the need for reinforcing masonry structures to protect against such events as restoring and repurposing the buildings already standing. I have transformed a PowerPoint earthquakes and tornadoes. David Sommer and Cale Ash have written an informative arti- presentation about preserving old buildings into an article, which can be found on page 18. cle on why retrofitting of unreinforced masonry I’m pleased to bring you the story of Bricks buildings is needed and why up-to-date seismic Incorporated, a Chicago-area company devoted building codes are important. to salvaging and reusing brick. It doesn’t get much Also in this issue, the focus is on green more “green” than recycling masonry! building. From new products to best practices, Last but not least, we’re introducing our manufacturers and builders understand 2018 editorial calendar in the coming weeks. that “sustainable” yields numerous benefits. If you want to be part of Masonry Design’s But green building is not just obtaining a coverage in the coming year, write to me at LEED certification, and it’s not just for new karen@lionhrtpub.com. I look forward to working with you! wMD
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highlights coming in
Nov/Dec ‘17
Technology: Masonry Cleaning Design Trends: Educational Facilities Plus: • Materials: Paving with Brick & Stone • Aggregates Materials • Technolog y • Trends
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Industry Outlook
New Software Aids in Green Building and Roofing Practices
By Eric Gilbey About the author: Eric Gilbey, PLA, ASLA, Prof. Member APLD, is product marketing manager — landscape at Vectorworks, Inc. Vectorworks, Inc. is a global design and BIM software developer serving over 650,000 professionals in the architecture, landscape and entertainment industries. Headquartered in Columbia, Md., Vectorworks is a part of the Nemetschek Group. Find out more at vectorworks.net.
It’s no secret that green building is growing in the United States — a practice where the structure and application of processes are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life cycle. Specifically, the North American green roof industry experienced an estimated 10.3 percent increase in 2016 over 2015, recording 889 projects in 40 U.S. states and six Canadian provinces (2016 Annual Green Roof Industry Survey). One of the reasons for this growth is jurisdictional incentives. According to Montgomery County (Maryland) Dept. of Environmental Protection RainScapes Program manager Ann English, RLA, ASLA, LEED AP BD+C, “Around the country, a variety of tactics are being deployed to encourage green roof installations to meet stormwater requirements. Commercial and institutional properties are the most typical adopters of green roofs due to LEED incentives, lot coverage, limited space to install any other form of Low-Impact Design (LID) stormwater management, as well as scale of construction and load-bearing requirements. The Montgomery County RainScapes Program provides incentives to share costs on a retrofit green roof that is a voluntary project.” As a product marketing manager for Vectorworks, Inc., I’m often told by our users how their clients are pushing for multifunctional spaces. “Many
Image courtesy of Francis Dzikowski Photography, Inc. and Town & Gardens, Ltd.
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Image courtesy of Town & Gardens, Ltd.
of our recent clients have asked us to design amenity spaces for a residential building. They no longer want just a deck for their residents, but a multifunctional space,” says Freya Schlemmer, associate designer at Town & Gardens, Ltd. “This might include grills, lounge areas with outdoor sofas, fire pits, edible gardens or game zones. The trend is also toward spaces that can be used year-round, day and night. We work to make this possible with lighting, sound and plantings that have winter interest.” As far as guidance when designing for green buildings, Schlemmer stresses the significance of a close examination of the logistics of any installation before you begin. It is vital to evaluate the height and weight of the materials you plan to use, as well as taking into account the saturation of the soil after a heavy rain or snow, so that whatever is installed doesn’t cause structural damage. It’s also crucial to check the roof drains and be sure that water will drain well and quickly. Any rooftop installation also requires a focus on wind uplift. Current architectural design software supports the creation of these multifunctional spaces with green building in mind. For example, Vectorworks Landmark software offers intelligent, parametric objects, powerful databases, and flexible documentation features for 2D and 3D landscape-specific design, BIM and geodesign workflows. The latest version, Vectorworks Landmark 2018, offers green building for a site. Specifically, the updated irrigation tool set is more accurate and customizable, and will aid in green building. “Our favorite features are the tools that allow Materials • Technolog y • Trends
Image courtesy of Francis Dzikowski Photography, Inc. and Town & Gardens, Ltd.
us to create planting plans that can artistically communicate intent to our clients, which helps us to sell our concept, and is also exact enough with plant tags and options for plant spacing and sizing to extract realistic numbers of plants,” says Schlemmer. Additionally, it’s easier and quicker than ever to create pre-configured worksheets that are ready to use. Pre-built worksheets can be customized for local water budget requirements. This includes EPA worksheets for LEED and SITES, as well as MWELO for California. Designers can also perform calculations of all water needs with the newly updated drip irrigation tools, thus achieving watering efficiency. Users have the ability to identify water efficiency by using the building’s geometry to help calculate for non-potable water sources. This includes a combination of using the building’s geometry and Vectorworks worksheets to tabulate the area of rainwater collection. There are numerous ways in which designers can implement green building and roofing into their practice. Other advice designers should keep in mind is as follows: • Practice biophilia and design with natural systems in mind. • Pay attention to the implementation of new stormwater management regulations for the communities for which you are designing. w w w.masonr ydesignmaga zine.com
• Consider pollinators, as they support healthy ecosystems that clean the air, stabilize soils and support other wildlife. Try to find ways to support pollinators in your planning. • Keep climate change in mind. If you are specifying masonry materials for a rooftop, you want to see how it may contribute to or reduce the heat island effect. The term “heat island” describes built-up areas that are hotter than nearby rural areas. Solar reflectance index (SRI) is a measure of the constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat. Darker surfaces are lower in this numerical rating, while brighter or whiter surfaces are higher and will reflect more solar heat. In conclusion, designers should follow Schlemmer ’s advice: “Early on, you must understand the underlying conditions, so that you are certain that whatever you design won’t void the membrane warranty or be in conflict with weight restrictions for the building. In the long run, to be successful, you should establish and cultivate relationships with everyone you meet and everyone who touches your work. Collaborate or partner with installers that will give you honest and constructive feedback on the practicalities and feasibilities of your design.” wMD September/October 2017
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Industry News
Taylor Cole Dubbed President of Firestone Building Products F i r e s t o n e B u i l d i n g Pr o d u c t s LLC, announced that Bridgestone executive Taylor Cole has been named president, effective Aug. 14, 2017. Cole succeeds Tim Dunn, Firestone Building Products, who will retire Oct. 1 after more than 31 years with Firestone and its parent company, Bridgestone Americas. As president, Cole will lead the long-term growth strategy and planning for Firestone, overseeing all aspects of marketing, sales, technology and international business development.
Cole joined Bridgestone in 2015 as president of commercial off-the-road (OTR) tires. Prior to joining Bridgestone, he served as managing director of U.S. new equipment and aftermarket business units at Howden North America Inc. Cole has also served in executive roles at Intergraph Corporation, Sandvik Mining and Construction and Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. in the U.S. and overseas. Cole received a bachelor’s degree in marine transportation from the United States Merchant Marine Academy and earned an MBA from the University of Florida. wMD
Sagamore Pendry Rec Pier Hotel Restoration Completed The Sagamore Pendry Rec Hotel is a restoration of the 1914 Recreation Pier in Baltimore by Beatty Harvey Coco Architects, a New Yorkbased firm. The project, completed this year, received the Award of Excellence in the category of adaptive reuse/historic preservation in the 2017 AIA New York State Design Awards. Opened in 1914, the Recreation Pier was the centerpiece of Baltimore City’s historic Fells Point neighborhood. The building served as a community center/dance hall for local immigrants, and the pier was one of the East Coast’s largest points of
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entry/departure for shipping. The building stopped functioning as a community center and pier back in the 1970s, and the building was permanently abandoned 15 years ago, having deteriorated to the point of collapse. The 80,000-sq.-ft. Sagamore Pendry Hotel restores the historic head house for use as a hotel lobby, restaurant/bar, lounge and banquet facility and rebuilds the pier with three guestroom levels around a central courtyard with a pool deck at the rear. Inserting a structural glass wall behind the main arch allowed for the creation of additional ground floor space and gives hotel guests a view onto the street. The third-floor ballroom, pre-function rooms and grand stair were restored to their original grandeur. Guest rooms were built within and above the original pier structure and wrap a lush courtyard garden that creates a social gathering space connected to the lounge and bar, and a connection to the pool deck at the end of the pier. Private terraces line the outer walls of the courtyard with lattice ivy covered dividers providing privacy. The original steel pier building beams were Materials • Technolog y • Trends
restored and exposed, creating an intimate cover over the courtyard while exposing a part of the building’s past.
The new construction uses rich materials to complement the original building without distracting from the historic architecture. wMD
Rodenhouse Inc. Announces Acquisition by ABC U.S. Rodenhouse Inc. of Grand Rapids, Mich, announced its acquisition by Altenloh, Brinck & Co. U.S. Inc. (ABC U.S.) of Bryan, Ohio. The acquisition was effective Aug. 1, 2017. Rodenhouse Inc. manufacturers and distributes washers, fasteners and tools to attach various building envelope components, including rigid continuous insulation, building wrap, and lath for adhered masonry. Thermal-GripÂŽ, Plasti-Grip, and Grip-Plate are commonly specified Rodenhouse brands and proudly Made in America. Rodenhouse has worked with ABC U.S. and their Trufast brand of fasteners for more than 20 years. Manufacturing, sales and distribution, along with the entire staff of Rodenhouse Inc., will remain in Grand Rapids.
ABC U.S. is part of the Altenloh, Brinck & Co. Group headquartered in Ennepetal, Germany, and is responsible for the manufacture, sales and distribution of its Trufast and SPAX brands of engineered fasteners for the North American construction market. ABC U.S. is located in Bryan (Northwestern), Ohio, on the site of the former Trufast Corp., which was acquired by Altenloh, Brinck & Co. in December 2005. The company operates a 196,000-sq.-ft. complex in Bryan, comprising administration, engineering, manufacturing and a central warehouse, in addition to a 55,200-sq.-ft. state-of-the art fastener heat treat facility in Pioneer, Ohio. For more information visit www.rodenhouse-inc.com or www.altenloh.us. wMD
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Industry News
Western Specialty Contractors Appoints Two Branch Managers
Chester Scott
Western Specialty Contractors announced the appointment of Chester Scott as branch manager of its Atlanta, Ga., branch, with Nick McAlpin taking over Scott’s previous role as branch manager of the Orlando, Fla., branch. In their new positions, both Scott and McAlpin will be responsible for marketing, sales, estimating, oversight of operations and administrative functions, safety of all branch employees, and productivity of office staff and field crews. Additionally, both will be responsible for ensuring the branch’s profitability by forecasting and managing the budget, identifying market trends, ensuring quality control and building/maintaining customer relationships. Scott started with Western in 1984 and has held the positions of field laborer, foreman,
sales/project manager and department manager at Western’s Chicago, Ill., branch, in addition to branch manager of the Orlando branch. McAlpin has been with Western Specialty Contractors for 14 years, having previously held the positions of laborer, mechanic, foreman and Nick McAlpin superintendent. Both Scott and McAlpin are members of the Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) and the International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI). For more information about Western Specialty Contractors, visit www.westernspecialty contractors.com. wMD
Natural Stone Resource Library Surpasses 50,000 Downloads MIA+BSI’s Natural Stone Resource Library has reached a new milestone of 50,000 downloads. “This incredible resource, a collection of the most comprehensive, up-to-date natural stone information in the industry, is the most valuable
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resource we offer,” says 2017 BSI President Daniel Wood (Lurvey Supply). “We encourage the industry to take full advantage of this free resource in order to be successful in specifying and utilizing natural stone.” Launched in 2015, the Natural Stone Resource library houses all MIA+BSI technical documents, as well as resources from other industry associations. There are currently 272 documents available. All resources can be downloaded free of charge. The library has become a trusted resource not only for stone companies, but also for architects, designers and construction professionals. To access the library, visit www.naturalstoneinstitute.org/ resourcelibrary. wMD
Materials • Technolog y • Trends
Keene Building Products Announces New Director Keene Building Products has hired Darren Keegan as director — Keene Manufacturing. Keegan graduated from University of Pittsburgh with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering. Throughout his career, Keegan excelled in a wide range of jobs, from an environmental, mechanical, and plant/
applications engineer, to a general manager and vice president. Keene Building Products is an American manufacturer of 3-dimensional filament products for the building envelope and noise control markets. wMD
Acme Brick Co. Earns Seventh Consecutive “Partners of Choice Award” David Weekley Homes, the largest privately have received David Weekley Homes’ highly covheld home builder in the United States, impleeted 2016 “Partners of Choice Award” with an mented its comprehensive supplier evaluation “A” ranking in Quality. This is the seventh consecsystem and its measurement for world-class exutive year that Acme has been chosen a “Partner cellence, the “Partners of Choice Award” in 2004. of Choice” — one of only three in this group of Input from nearly 1,000 David Weekley team national companies to have done so. members is used to analyze supplier performance Acme Brick Co., the largest U.S. brick comin diverse industries, provide feedback to these pany, is a member of the Berkshire Hathaway suppliers, and recognize those truly outstanding family of companies headed by famed investor achievers. Warren Buffett. The company celebrated its 126th Bill Justus, vice president of supply chain birthday on April 17, 2017. For more information, services for David Weekley Homes, implemented visit www.brick.com. wMD the evaluation method in order to reduce channel costs, improve service, and provide the highest degree of homeowner satisfaction. According to Justus, “Acme achieved a 9.6 rating out of 10 from approximately 1,000 rating opportunites. This is outstanding work, especially when you consider that, in many markets they do not sell to us direct, but through a network of downstream channel partners. Their active management of the entire supply chain enabled our friends at Acme to achieve world-class performance.” Left to right: Bill Justus of Weekley Homes; Rusty Haile, Stan McCarthy and Tom Jeter, all of Acme Acme Brick Co. is one of only Brick Co.; and David Weekley are shown with the Partner of Choice Award presented to Acme Brick in seven companies nationwide that ceremonies at Minute Maid Park in Houston. w w w.masonr ydesignmaga zine.com
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Industry News
Dörken Systems Inc. Launches the DELTA® Academy Dörken Systems Inc., a North-American manufacturer of air and moisture barriers, has launched the DELTA ® Academy, a host of education programs for building professionals who strive to build to a higher standard. DELTA Academy gives building professionals, such as architects, specifiers and contractors, access to relevant and timely information addressing new research findings and industry standards, curated and presented by the industry ’s key thought leaders. DELTA Academy is easy to access, convenient and simple to use. The Academy will kick off its education programs on Sept. 25, 2017, with “The Perfect Wall: Building Better Enclosures Seminar, hosted by Dr. John Straube at the Atlantic Wharf in Boston; followed by seminars in St. Louis, Mo., on Oct. 18 and in Washington, D.C., on Nov. 2. In an effort to increase accessibility and convenience for all, additional education programs offered — such as presentations,
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seminars, workshops and panels hosted by industry experts, academic research, case studies, and online modules — will begin to roll out in 2018. DELTA Academy will also deliver AIA-accredited and approved sessions, to be available as full-day, in-person workshops, ideal for earning AIA CEU credits. As part of its extensive curricula, DELTA Academy will equip building professionals with the knowledge they need to create buildings that perform at increasingly higher levels. This includes vital information pertaining to proper installation and application techniques; updates to building codes; new and existing requirements from associations such as LEED® (USGBC), EEBA, ABAA and Passive House; product and process innovations; and overall best practices. To learn more about DELTA Academy and the critical role air and moisture barriers play in high-performance buildings, visit the new Dörken Systems website at www. Dorken.com. wMD
Materials • Technolog y • Trends
Dörken Provides Air and Moisture Barrier BIM Objects Dörken is the first air and moisture barrier manufacturer to provide wall assembly files for AutoDesk Revit, the industry-leading BIM technology. The DELTA®-VENT SA air- and water-resistive barrier product is available in Revit drawing format. The new AutoDesk Revit/DELTA®-VENT SA offering will streamline the process for architects, saving time and reducing complications, all while helping to achieve the most effective building protection. With the growing industry adoption of BIM object, more and more industry-leading manufacturers are providing BIM-compatible files. With already completed wall assemblies, architects save time by downloading Revit details as they provide comprehensive architectural drawings that include the integration of the DELTA-VENT SA air- and water-resistive barriers as well as other components of the building envelope. There are six different DELTA-VENT SA wall assemblies in the BIM library, each containing
10 details, available for download. The Revit details found in the BIM library show typical wall assemblies, starting at the foundation and leading to the parapet details. The AutoDesk Revit file is available through BIMobject.com. An architect or designer can load the drawings directly from Revit and place them into their design. wMD
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DESIGN TRENDS | GREEN BUILDING
Reducing the Impact of
BUILDING ENVELOPES By Tom Hanzely
LIGHTING AND HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) are the two largest uses of energy throughout the commercial building sector. In fact, lighting alone accounts for nearly 35–50 percent of total electricity consumption. Within the building envelope, however, lies the opportunity to reduce the energy being consumed and decrease a building’s overall carbon footprint. Achieving sustainability within the building envelope starts with specifying the right products. Choosing eco-friendly products doesn’t just ensure lower energy costs; it can enhance occupant health and reduce any negative impact on the building itself, as well as the environment. When designing your next building envelope, consider these three strategies for reducing its environmental impact throughout its lifespan. [RIGHT]
Daylighting offers energy efficiency over the long term and may reduce costs associated with electric lighting. 14 |
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DESIGN TRENDS | GREEN BUILDING
[BELOW & INSET] From raw material to product and transportation, polyiso requires 85 percent less energy to manufacture than mineral wool.
Compare Insulation Materials When it comes to insulating your commercial building, not all insulation materials are created equal. Polyiso insulation, for instance, offers the highest R-value per inch of any rigid foam board insulation. R-value pertains to an insulation’s ability to resist heat flow. The greater the R-value, the less a commercial building has to work to keep the interior at a given temperature, thus putting less pressure on the HVAC system and significantly bringing down energy costs. Because polyiso is so thermally efficient, it requires fewer inches of insulation to achieve the same R-value of other, thicker insulation materials. The amount of insulation required for a commercial building envelope will depend on factors such as climate and the type of heating and cooling system. Unlike other forms of insulation, such as mineral wool, polyiso can be reused and recycled on roofing applications, assuming the material has not acquired significant damage that would impact its overall effectiveness. Polyiso also beats out mineral wool in terms of energy use. Not only does mineral wool have a Global Warming Potential (GWP) that’s 3.5 times higher than polyiso, but it also requires 85 percent more energy to manufacture as well. The average net energy savings of polyiso lies between nine and 44 times the energy required to manufacture, transport and install the material. Leverage Daylighting in Lieu of Electric Lighting An estimated $38 billion is spent annually to light commercial buildings across the U.S. One way to bring down that staggering number is to install daylighting skylights to offset electric lighting. Daylighting can
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Materials • Technolog y • Trends
contribute to energy savings by naturally illuminating a commercial building’s interior, which decreases total building energy costs by one-third. Additionally, installing electric lighting controls in conjunction with a daylighting strategy can yield even more energy savings by reducing electric lighting loads and associated cooling loads. Electric lighting generates waste heat, which then takes energy to cool down. Simply turning off those electric lights when they’re not needed can allow facilities to take a more eco-friendly approach to dayto-day operations, and reap the energy-saving benefits at the same time. When considering implementing daylighting systems into a new commercial building or retrofitting daylighting units into existing buildings, certain factors must be taken into consideration. For example, the architect and building owner must determine which spaces throughout the building would benefit most from daylighting. Potential locations for implementing daylighting units are spaces that are most frequently used, where turning off the lights would have the greatest impact on increased energy efficiencies. The type of commercial building is also an important factor within a daylighting strategy and will help determine how many daylighting units are required and where they should be placed. Manufacturing facilities, offices, schools and retail spaces all have different requirements for light quantity.
[ABOVE]
Heat-reflective roofing membranes such as TPO can aid in energy efficiency.
Consider Climate When Specifying Roofing Membranes Climate can help determine which roofing membrane is the most sustainable option for a commercial building. Reflective roofs like TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin), for example, can be an effective way of increasing energy efficiency in warm climates. Rather than absorbing the heat from the sun, cool roofs are equipped with reflective properties that minimize solar radiation absorption into the building, which means the HVAC system doesn’t have to work as hard to keep the building cool. Vegetative roofs can be another eco-friendly alternative for minimizing energy use. Not only do they play a key role in cooling the air around the building by providing shade, they also protect the underlying roof system from the elements. During the winter months, vegetative roofing systems may provide some level of insulation, which may lead to additional energy cost savings. No matter the roofing system that’s installed, scheduling annual roof inspections is recommended in order to maintain optimal roof life and performance and reap its environmentally friendly benefits. This will ensure that no tears or leaks are preventing the insulation or the roofing membrane from being effective. Selecting insulation with high R-value, implementing daylighting into new or existing commercial building envelopes, and installing roofing membranes based on climate may not only significantly bring down energy costs, but could also reduce a commercial building’s overall impact on the environment. For more information on polyiso insulation, visit Firestone Building Products at firestonebpco.com. wMD Thomas M. Hanzely is a national sales manager for Firestone Building Products SkyScape™ Vegetative Roof System. He holds a bachelor’s degree from Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, and a master’s degree from Lake Forest Graduate School of Management, Schaumburg, Ill. Hanzely has 17 years of experience designing, selling and installing vegetative roof systems throughout North America and is an accredited Green Roof Professional and a LEED professional. w w w.masonr ydesignmaga zine.com
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DESIGN TRENDS | GREEN BUILDING
THE GREENEST BUILDINGS:
What Architects Should Know About
MASONRY RESTORATION AND PRESERVATION
“We believe preserving old buildings is a beautiful, economically sound, and sustainable way to improve our communities and make the most of our unique assets.” — The Preservation Alliance of Minnesota
By Karen D. Hickey based on a presentation by Elena Peltsman NOTHING SAYS SUSTAINABILITY MORE THAN PRESERVING, RESTORING AND REPURPOSING EXISTING BUILDINGS. The greenest buildings today are those already built. Masonry is a sustainable, resilient material that can survive floods and fires. It is the oldest and most permanent building material, exuding a sense of permanence, longevity, quality, reliability and familiarity, yet it is forgiving and flexible. Many brick buildings that were built more than 100 years ago are continuing to fulfill their original purposes, while others have been adapted for new purposes. 18 |
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One of two remaining original fire stations in Minneapolis now houses the headquarters of Station 19 Architects.
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DESIGN TRENDS | GREEN BUILDING This article will discuss why gaining a better understanding of preservation and maintenance of older buildings is appropriate for every architect. This understanding can help architects anticipate potential issues and create better, more efficient designs. That knowledge can be carried over to the maintenance life cycle on newer buildings.
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The Grain Belt Brew House in Minneapolis was renovated and redeveloped by RSP Architects in collaboration with Ryan Companies.
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Historic, Cultural and Economic Value Architects have the opportunity to help save the heritage and quality of that which is already built. They have the chance to lead the way for adaptive reuse. One successful example of preserving a community’s heritage can be found in Minneapolis, Minn., along the Mississippi River corridor. The historic former Grain Belt Brew House has been brought back to life after sitting vacant for more than 20 years, and has served as a catalyst to the revitalization of northeast Minneapolis’ Arts District. The enchanting, elegant, castle-like structure now houses the headquarters for RSP Architects. In collaboration with Ryan Companies, RSP Architects renovated and redeveloped the space for multiple tenants, successfully remediating environmental issues such as asbestos, lead paint and other hazardous materials. The project won the National Preservation Award from the American Institute of Architects. Even at a cost of $20 million, the renovation was still much more cost-effective than what it would have cost to build new. Another example of an architectural firm leading the way in preservation and reuse efforts is Station 19 Architects. The firm’s studio for more than 40
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years is housed in one of two remaining original fire stations in Minneapolis. Station 19 Architects was one of the first firms to reclaim an existing structure and then successfully restore and repurpose it for their own office. The building, located across from the stadium on the University of Minnesota campus, is on the National Historical Registry. History and culture are not the only things preserved when reusing and repurposing existing buildings. New construction, as well as demolishing and rebuilding, are both expensive. When a building is saved from the wrecking ball and successfully repurposed, the effect on the environment is lessened. Owners can also realize significant cost savings. For one thing, the cost of masonry construction is saved. The costs of new materials are cut. No material is sent to landfills. There are also funding opportunities for masonry preservation and rehabilitation of existing historic infrastructures, available from local and national preservation societies. Design Opportunities for Restoration, Rehabilitation and Repurposing Traditional architecture was innovative in its day. Very often, natural daylight and ventilation were integral to the design. Taking an existing infrastructure and blending it with the new fulfills the sustainable role of preservation while exploring new design opportunities. The Mill City Museum, located within the ruins of the National Historic Landmark Washburn A Mill in Minneapolis, is a prime example of successfully blending the old and new. Closed in the 1960s, the old flour mill had long been abandoned when it was nearly destroyed by a 1991 fire, leaving only a charred brick shell. After the year 2000, the building was stabilized with steel reinforcement, new wall caps were put on to increase vertical load bearing, and flashing with a projected drip edge of 1 1/2–2 inches was installed to protect against water intrusion. The old mill shell was transformed by MSR Design into a museum with modern elements, and became pivotal in the surrounding area’s redevelopment. The façade of the museum displays life-size graphics of machinery from the 1898 drawings, while the preserved Ruin Courtyard is now a popular venue for music, events and weddings. The AIA National Honor Awards jury described the project as “a creative reuse of an extant masonry shell of a mill building, with contrasting insertion of contemporary materials.” Adaptive reuse is not reserved exclusively for 100-yearold buildings. Opportunities for restoration and renovation exist in newer structures as well. No matter the age of the building, however, it is critical to take time to understand the building before proceeding with any restoration or rehabilitation project.
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The Mill City Museum is an example of blending new design into old architecture.
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Ruin Courtyard, part of the old flourmill shell of the Washburn A Mill in Minneapolis, is now a popular event venue.
The Critical Role of the Investigation Phase Masonry restoration often involves more than repointing. In fact, common problems are water and structural issues. A restoration contractor may need to be called in for an inspection. w w w.masonr ydesignmaga zine.com
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DESIGN TRENDS | GREEN BUILDING
[ABOVE]
A knowledgeable restoration contractor can help conduct a thorough investigation of an old building and determine how best to restore and preserve it.
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Rusted lintels on an old masonry building require careful replacement.
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The investigation is a critical phase to ensure a successful project outcome. One must fully understand the interaction of the building elements, such as the building’s original use, age, type of construction, condition of joints, insulation, plumbing, moisture content of the walls, and much more. The required testing, availability of matching materials, cost and timeline must be identified. Detailed and complete documentation is vital. Costly mistakes can arise from an incomplete investigation or incorrect conclusions drawn from the survey findings. That’s why it’s crucial to have a knowledgeable professional to interpret the technical information. If a thorough investigation is not done initially, it will cost more down the road. Consider the example from 2015 of a 22-story building in which two top units reported water infiltration. Just setting up the rigging and getting inspectors on the building cost around $6,000. The inspectors soon found out that every window had been installed with nails through the flashing. A shorter screw had been needed overall. The repairs included additional flashing, as well as a stone band in lieu of brick that could no longer be matched. In the end, the repair costs were $5 million. Each case is different and needs an expert’s experience. Know what you are dealing with. Preservation Maintenance for New Buildings Maintenance is the most expensive part of a building over its life cycle. All building materials require some maintenance, though some not as much as others. Some buildings stand for more than 100 years, while others do not. The key is maintenance. Common problems with masonry include rust jacking/burst, stone spalling, efflorescence, chipping, cracking, peeling, crumbling, erosion, delamination and detachment. All of these have a root cause, which could range from leaking roofs/ gutters or deteriorated flashing to improper flashing installation or weather exposure. Once any problems have been identified, the rule of thumb is to go with the least invasive treatment. Treatment might include washing surface efflorescence, adding movement joints and flashing, replacing rusted structural metal components, patching missing material, repointing, graffiti removal or surface consolidation (a process of injecting pressurized mortar/cement often integrated with a steel anchor).
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Terminology Contrary to first impressions, unit masonry is more flexible than other building materials and can be revised throughout the entire life cycle of a structure. Even new masonry buildings will move within the first one to two years after construction. Clay expands. Freeze-thaw cycles may lead to rust jacking. Snow load, excessive deflection or foundation movement may affect the structure. Steel members will have a different movement than the masonry they support. Environmental stresses such as ground settlement, nearby trains, flooding, climate changes and earthquakes can also cause movement. It is important to understand that this is all normal, and to design ways to safely accommodate and absorb movement. Also important is to conduct regular inspections and keep the masonry surface clean. Conclusion We don’t build buildings like we used to. Sometimes that is a good thing. Through preserving older buildings, we are not only being green by reusing materials, but we are also able to incorporate best practices and better maintenance regimens into new designs. wMD
Restoration: return to earlier appearance
Preservation: keep it like it is
Rehabilitation: adapt for new use
Stabilization: prevent further damage
Reconstruction: accurate replication of missing structure
Others include: • • • • •
Renovation Re-use Refurbishing Remodeling Re-purposing
Few projects fall purely into one category.
Elena Peltsman is marketing director for the MC&MCA, the Minnesota Concrete & Masonry Contractors Association. She can be reached at elenapeltsman@comcast.net.
We made it first. We make it last.
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our DNA and in our products — used on some of the most recognized buildings across the United States. It is the foundation of our company, and the purpose of our future.
Let’s talk. prosoco.com/masonrylast
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DESIGN TRENDS | GREEN BUILDING
COMFORT BLOCK:
90-Year-Old Maine Company Creates HighPerforming Green Masonry Product By Chris Genest MASONRY, ONE OF THE OLDEST AND MOST BEAUTIFUL TRADES, HAS BEEN ON A STEADY DECLINE SINCE THE 1960S. Due to dramatic changes in the way today’s homes, chimneys, foundations and steps are being constructed, the industry is at its lowest point in 80 years. The average age of masonry professionals is increasing and the number entering apprenticeships is declining. In the northeast corner of the U.S., a Maine-based masonry company is quietly working to revive the declining industry through new product development and innovation. Genest Concrete, based in Sanford, Maine, was founded in 1927 by Hermangilde Genest. In his pit, he manually dug and delivered sand and gravel by horse and buggy. His hand-pressed concrete block would eventually become the cornerstone of one of New England’s largest manufacturers and distributors of masonry products. Genest Concrete, now in its fourth generation, is managed by his great-grandsons, Chris and Matt — two men who carry the burden of the industry’s decline for their family business. Growing up in the pits, the Genests are no strangers to adversity and innovation. They’ve worked every position within the family [RIGHT - CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT]
Comfort Block, the first self-contained, insulated building block in the United States. Built-ins using the Comfort Block wall system. 16-inch monolithic wall system. Exterior, Genest property, Kennebunkport, Maine. 24 |
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DESIGN TRENDS | GREEN BUILDING business and watched the company’s inventory demands change over the years with the rise and fall of the residential and commercial markets. They know that, in order to get masons back to work on residential and light construction sites, something needs to change. On a 2007 trip to Germany, Chris noticed that nearly every home was built using only masonry products. Most are built using extremely thick, insulated, monolithic external masonry walls, as well as concrete floors and internal masonry partition walls. These homes are airtight and become a concrete thermal battery able to balance internal temperature and maintain consistent temperatures through extreme cold and heat. Upon his return, Genest started researching the reasoning behind this type of construction. He discovered that German homes are among the most passive in the world, likely due to the high costs of energy in Europe. Upon further research, he found that there was no product like this being used in the U.S. construction markets and he asked, “Why not?” After years of “back of the napkin” designs, countless meetings with industry experts and several prototypes later, in 2014 Genest Concrete introduced Comfort Block™, the first self-contained, insulated building block in the United States. Comfort Block is a 16-inch-thick wall system with three layers of insulation. The block is ground and calibrated to within 0.5 mm so that nothing more than adhesive is needed between the blocks. The intuitive design makes Comfort Block easy to use, reduces water on the jobsite and creates a faster, more streamlined construction process. Comfort Block™ is designed to utilize traditional subcontractors. Each block has built-in channels for wiring and plumbing. Using the Comfort Block wall system, the need for wood in the construction process is eliminated. The exterior is covered with stucco and the interior walls with
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plaster. Comfort Blocks contain no organic material, making them impenetrable to mold, insects and rot. They are safe for those suffering chemical sensitivities with little to no off-gassing. Perhaps most notably, the three channels of insulation make them extremely energy efficient, providing an R-30+ performance. On a persistent quest for quality control, Genest built his own home using Comfort Block in 2015. Working with a veteran mason, together they learned a lot about the product and its functionality, and identified efficiencies that could be gained in both the design and construction process. That work led to a second-generation design, which is now in production all across the state of Maine. The mason, Paul Brigham, is using it to build his home, and there are two others in various states of design and construction in Maine. Genest has seen his energy bills drop by nearly 66 percent through the use of Comfort Block. Comfort Block provides the first cost-neutral way to build a green, resilient masonry home. It also provides a conduit by which to engage the energy and attention of new tradespeople entering the light commercial and residential construction markets. Knowing the dire need to create excitement among new masons, homeowners and builders, Genest hopes to generate enough interest and demand among builders, homeowners and industry trade groups to license the product and offer it in all 50 states. wMD
[ABOVE]
Chris Genest, co-president, Genest Concrete and Comfort Block creator.
Chris Genest is a general manager of Genest in Sanford, Maine, and president of its Comfort Block division.
The complete solution for thin brick applications. Masonry Veneer Installation System (MVIS™) LATICRETE has a complete solution for adhered manufactured thin brick veneers, providing a permanent, high strength installation that is freeze thaw stable and protects from water intrusion – backed by a LATICRETE 25 Year System Warranty*. ®
www.laticrete.com/mvis | 1.800.243.4788 A-1077-0817 ©2017 LATICRETE International, Inc. All trademarks shown are the intellectual properties of their respective owners. * See Data Sheet 025.0 for complete warranty information.
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BRICKS
INCORP OR AT E D:
RECLAIMING CHICAGO COMMON BRICK
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By Karen D. Hickey Images clockwise courtesy of: Opposite Page Top: Instagram @bricks_inc_chicago Current Page Top: Biaggi’s Images Across Bottom of Page: 41 North Contractors
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BRICKS INCORPORATED GOT ITS START IN THE LATE 1960S AS A DEMOLITION AND SALVAGE COMPANY IN CHICAGO. When an old factory or home was scheduled for demolition, the company salvaged any desirable materials, including brick, steel, terra cotta and copper, then packaged and sold it for reuse. In the 1970s, the company scrapped the demolition business while continuing to salvage materials, and diversified into the manufacture of new brick and stone.
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MATERIALS | RECYCLED MASONRY MATERIALS Bricks Incorporated was founded in Little Village, a Chicago neighborhood more formally known as South Lawndale. More than 40 years later, Bricks Incorporated is still in Little Village, and has stayed true to its mission of serving the architecture and design community by providing masonry products, reclaimed materials, and window and door systems. The company continues to salvage and repurpose valuable materials from the deteriorating properties of Chicago.
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Details from Lou Malnati’s Pizzeria
From Reclaimed to Reused Brent Schmitt, architectural sales manager for Bricks Incorporated, says, “There are hundreds of demolition contractors in the city, but not many people who do what we do. From start to finish, the most important part is the relationships we have with demolition contractors who sell us reclaimed products, and the architects and designers who want those products.” Demo contractors who work with Bricks Incorporated know they have an upper hand in the bidding process, because they know the value of the reclaimed brick. This allows them to beat the competition, whether it’s a union or nonunion job. Following demolition of a building, the brick is ready to be salvaged. “If it’s a union job,” says Schmitt, “the dump trucks
Image courtesy of Instagram @bricks_inc_chicago
Image courtesy of Instagram @bricks_inc_chicago
Image courtesy of Lou Malnati’s
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will come with loads of brick to our yard in Little Village. Our staff will sort the brick, knock off the old mortar, and palletize the brick for resale. If it’s a non-union job, we send our stacking crews to the jobsite.” Before a construction project begins, Bricks Incorporated works with the mason contractor to establish the quantity of brick and the style specified by the architect or designer. A 4- to 5-square-foot mockup panel is put together prior to bricklaying, giving all parties involved a baseline for material color, mortar color, jointing techniques, etc. Achieving the Vintage Look After the Great Chicago Fire of October 8, 1871, there came the Great Rebuilding. The fire had destroyed downtown and the business district and had left 90,000 people homeless. Local manufacturers began producing brick from the clay that had been deposited in the region during the last ice age. These brick comprised the structural walls and alley exteriors of buildings all over the city, and most of the exposed brick interiors. Many of those buildings still stand. Not only is this brick still holding up existing buildings, it’s also a popular and prized material. The clay material is blue in its natural form, but it turns to a salmon pink when fired. The resulting brick, called Chicago common, is often irregularly shaped and varied in coloration. Such variety did not appeal to a lot of designers at the start of the industrial age. Today, however, many are drawn to the “vintage” look achieved by the irregular shapes and coloration of the brick. People use these brick for everything from garden walkways to new construction. The problem is that the last manufacturer of these bricks shut its doors in 1981.1 Bricks Incorporated takes special care to salvage and sort Chicago common brick, pavers and other materials into such color categories as Clay Buff, Milwaukee Cream, Medium Pink, Dark Pink and Silver Fox. Architects and designers who like the look of a certain color will contact Bricks Incorporated for these reclaimed products. “By and large, architects and interior designers are our main source for upcoming projects,” says Schmitt. “Builders and homeowners also know that we carry Chicago common in a variety of colors. But we are at the mercy of what buildings are being demolished in the city. If we are out of the reclaimed material, well, there is a waiting list. With new brick, you can always make more.” w w w.masonr ydesignmaga zine.com
The first rule of college: go to class ounder’s Way on the campus of East Carolina University gets students to class on time—by foot or bike—with colorful clay pavers that replace an unsightly asphalt street, alleys and parking lots. It’s all done with one versatile product—authentic clay pavers —in five colors. English Edge Full Range and Pathway Full Range pavers make up the pedestrian right-of-way, while Georgian Edge Buff pavers comprise the cycling lanes,with English Edge Autumn directional arrows and English Edge Dark Accent dividing lines. Fired at 2000°, the colors are permanent and will hold up for generations of traffic while complementing the school’s historic brick buildings nearby. Our colors inspire designers and architects to make any hardscape more creative and functional. Read more project details at:PineHallBrick.com/MD
AUTHENTIC CLAY PAVERS
World’s largest supplier of clay pavers.
Landscape design by ColeJenest & Stone. Pavers: English Edge Full Range, Pathway Full Range, English Edge Dark Accent, English Edge Autumn and Georgian Edge Buff.
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MATERIALS | RECYCLED MASONRY MATERIALS Thin Brick and Deep-Dish Pizza In 2016, Bricks Incorporated produced 40,000 sq. ft. of thin brick cut from reclaimed materials — not only saving the energy of producing new brick, but also keeping materials out of landfills. These thin bricks have recently been used to make over three restaurant chains in Chicago — two popular pizzerias and an Italian eatery. Lou Malnati’s Pizzeria
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Details from Giordano’s Pizzeria
Mark Malnati, son of founder Lou, was intimately involved in the remodel of Lou Malnati’s Pizzeria Gold Coast location. Though the restaurant has 49 Chicagoland locations as well as two in Arizona, this particular spot had some significance for Malnati. “He wanted reclaimed brick from the blood of Chicago, as Chicago as possible,” says Schmitt. Mark Knauer, of Knauer Inc., the architect on the project, was encouraged to find locally sourced materials. The faces of Chicago common brick were sawed into thin brick to give the exterior of the building a face-lift. The masons were instructed to lay the brick however it came off the pallet, giving a distinct, mixed look to the building. Malnati also salvaged a glazed brick from another old building in Chicago, and that was used around the restaurant’s redesigned entrance. Giordano’s
Giordano’s is another popular pizzeria in Chicago, with additional locations around the country. Most rework on the restaurants
Image courtesy of 41 North Contractors
Image courtesy of 41 North Contractors
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Images courtesy of Biaggi’s
has focused on the interior walls, but the Oakbrook Terrace, Ill., location needed both exterior refurbishing and updated branding. The Aria Group, which specializes in hospitality architecture, stripped off the old façade and replaced it with a new thin brick facing. The result was an exterior with a clean, modern look and a welcoming new patio. For many years, Aria Group has been using the same specifications for Giordano’s restaurants, so the same color palette of reclaimed brick is used no matter the location. They work closely with Bricks Incorporated to achieve this.
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Details from Biaggi’s Italian restaurant
Biaggi’s Ristorante Italiano
Biaggi’s is an Italian restaurant with roots in Bloomington, Ill. There are currently 20 locations operating in 10 states nationwide, with three locations in the Chicago area. Biaggi’s has its own interior designer, Pam Valenta, who has a long-time relationship with Schmitt and Bricks Incorporated. She selected Chicago common Medium Pink, in a mixture of thin brick and full-face brick, for about 10 of the locations so far. “The reclaimed brick brings an old Chicago feel to the project,” says Schmitt. “Valenta liked the fact that the Italian brick and the old buildings have rustic-looking materials. It looks like a ‘near miss,’ but it’s very appealing.” Bricks Incorporated does more than reface pizzerias with reclaimed brick. Their newly overhauled website, www. bricksinc.net, displays projects ranging from fireplaces and single-family residences to healthcare facilities and schools. While newly manufactured brick, windows and doors are a large part of their business, Bricks Incorporated has made its mark by reclaiming and recycling Chicago common brick, while preserving energy and saving materials from the landfill. wMD 1
http://moss-design.com/chicago-common/
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TECHNOLOGY | Seismic Retrofitting, Reinforcement & Anchors
Seismic Retrofitting of Masonry Buildings:
WHY IT’S NEEDED By David Sommer and Cale Ash Introduction SHORTLY BEFORE 1 P.M. ON FEB. 22, 2011, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND, STARTED TO SHAKE. Ten seconds are all it took to change the landscape and the lives of residents: 185 dead, several thousand injured, and 45 percent of buildings deemed unsafe to enter. While many of the deaths in the earthquake occurred in a small number of building collapses, unreinforced masonry (URM) construction suffered widespread damage. However, while the Royal Commission Report identified that 97 percent of the unstrengthened URM buildings in the Central Business District were either seriously damaged or collapsed, only 20 percent of buildings that had been retrofit to a high level experienced serious damage. 34 |
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[SPREAD]
Figure 2 — Parapet damage in Christchurch, New Zealand.
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TECHNOLOGY | Seismic Retrofitting, Reinforcement & Anchors
[BELOW]
Figure 1 — Components of URM and retrofit solutions listed in order of importance. (By David Bonneville, senior principal at Degenkolb Engineers. Used with permission.)
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URM Construction and Problems in Earthquakes Unreinforced masonry construction was popular in the United States between the 1880s and 1930s. URM on the West Coast of the United States was typically constructed with standard solid clay brick, 2 2/3 x 4 x 8 inches in nominal dimensions in running bond, with header courses every six courses. Wall thickness was typically determined by empirical formulas, such as adding a wythe at each story. Straight-sheathed or diagonal-sheathed diaphragms over wood joists were used for the floor framing, with the joists either pocketed into the masonry bearing walls or attached to a wood ledger bolted to the wall (Fig. 1). The exterior bearing walls often had window and door openings all around the building perimeter. This type of construction has exhibited poor performance in past earthquakes: URM parapets are particularly vulnerable to damage during earthquakes; they cantilever above the roof diaphragm and are sensitive to out-of-plane accelerations. As the parapet whips back and forth in a seismic event, the bed joint may crack and lead to instability and partial collapse. Even a single brick falling from the height of the building is a life safety hazard, but what is often seen is a large section of parapet falling onto the street or sidewalk below (Fig. 2). Diaphragm-to-wall connections are usually not sufficient to transfer lateral loads. As a heavy masonry wall is accelerated away from the diaphragm, poor anchorage can result in loss of support of the wood framing and the wall collapsing away from the building, the floor collapsing locally, or both. This is the second most common and hazardous failure for URM in an earthquake. Deficiency in the in-plane force transfer from diaphragms to walls can result in damage at building corners. The masonry walls themselves may fail under in-plane or out-of-plane loading. In-plane load failure is often observed by diagonal or X-shaped wall cracks. If the wall is too slender, it may fail in bending out-of-plane between floors, possibly leading to partial collapse of the wall and supported floors (Fig. 3). The main entrance to the building or storefront windows at the first floor may create discontinuities in the shear walls above, and there may be a significant decrease in shear wall length at the first floor due to openings. The result may be high demands occurring in the shortest length of wall, exacerbating strength deficiencies. Each of these issues has well-documented and developed solutions: parapets can be braced to the roof structure; diaphragms can be anchored to walls with a combination of rosettes, straps and steel ledgers; masonry walls can be braced to improve outof-plane stability; and shotcrete- or steel-braced frames can be added to strengthen walls (Figs. 1 and 4). However, these solutions can be disruptive to the tenant spaces, impact operations, and carry a significant cost to implement with few financing options. For these reasons, many building owners will not retrofit their URM buildings unless mandated by the building code or local ordinances, and are often opposed to these ordinances when they are proposed.
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Resilience The overarching purpose of adopted building codes is to protect life. An argument in favor of a URM ordinance could be made solely on these grounds; however, the impact of widespread damage on a community cannot be overemphasized. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines community resilience as “the ability to prepare for anticipated hazards, adapt to changing conditions, and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions.” The emphasis in pushing for resilient communities is to reduce casualties and damage to allow the community to be safe and recover more quickly. Business continuity and the ability for the workforce to remain are crucial in a community’s ability to respond to a natural disaster such as an earthquake. An unstable masonry building is not only unsafe for continued business, housing or other services, but also imperils surrounding buildings, pedestrians and drivers on the streets around the building. In addition, if masonry buildings experience partial collapse of walls or parapets, and the resulting rubble blocks the roadways, it may impede fire and emergency crews from reaching other buildings in need of help. After the 2011 Christchurch event, nearly 75 percent of the Central Business District (CBD) was torn down. Much of the population had to move elsewhere due to damaged housing. Without tenant space, workers or utilities, many businesses moved out of the area, and the recovery is still ongoing. Numerous historic buildings, known as Heritage Sites in New Zealand, also suffered significant damage or collapse; these structures are not easily replaced.
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Figure 3 — In-plane damage to walls in Christchurch, New Zealand.
URM Ordinances Existing URM ordinances generally do not attempt to bring performance up to current building code standards, but they do improve the buildings to a level where damage and loss of life are reduced (Fig. 5). The benefit of retrofitting can be seen in the Northridge Earthquake of 1994 outside of Los Angeles, where a URM ordinance has been in place since 1984. A majority of the URM buildings within the city limits had been retrofit per their ordinance, but a majority of URM in the city of Fillmore, just outside of L.A. with no ordinance at the time, had not. Reconnaissance after the earthquake saw almost all of the w w w.masonr ydesignmaga zine.com
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TECHNOLOGY | Seismic Retrofitting, Reinforcement & Anchors URM buildings in Fillmore as having substantial damage and collapse, while most of the retrofit buildings had no observed damage or the damage was limited to diagonal wall cracks. A recent study in Portland, Ore., to which one of the authors contributed, found a return of between $1.47 and $1.94 per mitigation dollar invested, depending on building use. Not all factors can be easily quantified into a cost/ benefit study, though, as it can be difficult to predict which critical access roads may be blocked or how many adjacent buildings will also be endangered, or put a dollar amount on loss of life and how it will affect the community and the economic future of the region.
[BELOW]
Figure 4 — Wall anchorage on undamaged building in Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Conclusion Unreinforced masonry buildings are at great risk in a seismic event, but there are workable solutions available. URM buildings serve business, government, religious, and residential purposes and add historical value to the community. They contribute monetarily and culturally to surrounding neighborhoods. By enforcing an upgrade of some of our most vulnerable and dangerous building stock, communities can feel safer knowing that a significant loss of life, economy, and cultural identity are protected while improving community resilience. wMD
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[BELOW AND LEFT]
Figure 5 — Similarly built adjacent structures: retrofit with light damage (below) and unretrofit with heavy damage (left).
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TECHNOLOGY | Seismic Retrofitting, Reinforcement & Anchors
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Tornado Season Underscores the Importance of
REINFORCED MASONRY WALL SYSTEMS GENERAL SHALE’S ENDURANCE RS4™ STRUCTURAL BRICK PROVIDES SIGNIFICANT ADVANTAGES FOR TORNADO-PRONE AREAS By Dawn Henning ALTHOUGH PEAK TORNADO SEASON TYPICALLY OCCURS APRIL THROUGH JUNE, violent outbursts struck early this year and featured one of the largest tornado events to ever occur in winter. The January 21–23 spate of storms produced 79 confirmed tornadoes across the Deep South from Texas to South Carolina, resulting in the second-deadliest January outbreak on record.
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. averages more than 1,000 tornadoes per year — more than any other country. Annual insurance losses from U.S. tornadoes and thunderstorms range in the billions, with the costliest event occurring in Tuscaloosa, Ala., and nearby areas in April 2011, resulting in $7.8 billion in insured damages. While events of this magnitude account for only a small percentage of the total number of tornadoes that occur in the U.S., the Tuscaloosa event, along with the tornado that struck Joplin, Miss., a month later, initiated an ongoing review of building standards and closer scrutiny of materials used in new construction. It was determined that, while older homes are susceptible to tornado damage, improved building standards can help save many new structures from destruction, and thereby save lives, during future tornado activity. w w w.masonr ydesignmaga zine.com
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TECHNOLOGY | Seismic Retrofitting, Reinforcement & Anchors
[BELOW]
Endurance RS4™ Structural Brick is oversized for safer, stronger, more sustainable and energy-efficient construction.
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Since 2011, further study of a tornado’s path has indicated that greater damage occurs at the center of a tornado, with far less severe damage being inflicted on structures located near the edge. Even in the event of a rare EF-5 tornado, the greatest damage is limited to a narrow path, and most structures don’t experience a tornado’s highest wind speeds. All of this is good news, since the majority of U.S. tornadoes are EF-2-level storms or lower. Improved building practices for tornado-resilient structures include correct construction for load transfer, along with proper connections between the roof, walls and foundation to create a continuous load path and decrease wind force vulnerability. In addition, strengthening openings such as windows and doors, including garage doors, reduces the potential for pressurization, which can occur inside a building when these openings are compromised by wind damage, resulting in significant damage to — and even total destruction of ― a building. Reinforced masonry that is adequately connected to other building components can withstand high wind loads and also offers greater protection against wind-blown debris, which can penetrate a building’s cladding and leave the structure at greater risk for internal pressurization. According to the Brick Industry Association, testing performed at the Wind Science and Research Center at Texas Tech University concluded that brick structures offer a much higher degree of protection from wind-blown debris than buildings constructed with other forms of cladding. A revolutionary product by General Shale is designed to withstand stronger winds even better than standard masonry materials. The company’s Endurance RS4™ Structural Brick is oversized for safer, stronger, more sustainable and energy-efficient construction. RS4 stands for “Real Strong, Real Safe, Real Sustainable, Real Smart,” which gives Endurance a significant advantage when compared to traditional brick products. Endurance is designed to bear higher loads, meet seismic requirements, and offer greater resistance, which is reassuring for builders and homeowners in areas susceptible to high winds and tornadic events. Endurance RS4 Structural Brick eliminates the need for load-bearing wood or steel framing and has excellent thermal mass properties. Suitable for any type of foundation, Endurance RS4 Brick is designed for homes in areas prone to high winds, tornadoes and earthquakes, or for important commercial or government buildings, such as hospitals, schools, courthouses and police stations. Larger engineering and utility-size bricks have been used for reinforced masonry applications for many years. Endurance RS4™ Brick uses this same proven engineering method, but adds a more pleasing and practical scale. Since it is larger than traditional brick, Endurance RS4 Brick can be installed
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with minimal labor and overall cost adjustments, which are key benefits for builders, architects and contractors, who need easy-to-install, efficient and cost-effective building solutions. Endurance wall systems can also be used in conjunction with any type of interior wall construction (e.g., furring strips, non-load-bearing metal studs, hat channel, etc.) and insulation systems. The use of continuous rigid insulation, which reduces thermal bridging, is one of the most efficient methods of construction, both in terms of costs and energy savings. The combination of Endurance RS4 Brick and continuous insulation helps to dramatically increase a building’s energy efficiency, which can lower a structure’s Home Energy Rating System score. The combination of Endurance RS4™ Structural Brick with appropriate reinforcement between the wall system and roof creates a safer, stronger and more durable structure, providing greater peace of mind for property owners who live in areas at higher risk for significant weather events. wMD Dawn Henning has served as General Shale’s director of marketing and sales since 2011. Headquartered in Johnson City, Tenn., General Shale is the North American subsidiary of Wienerberger AG and a leading manufacturer of brick. For more information, visit www.generalshale.com.
QUICK FACTS ABOUT SEISMIC ANCHORING SYSTEMS Prior to the 2013 version of the TMS 402/602 Building Code Requirements for masonry structures, which was adopted by the International Building Code in 2015, brick veneer walls in Seismic Design Categories E and F were required to have continuous 9ga wire embedded in the bed joints. That wire was then connected to the backup wall integrated to the anchoring system through the use of a metal or plastic clip, or in some cases through the wire tie itself. In 2013 it was determined that this provision was not useful, after shaker table testing data was reviewed and later removed from the code requirements. While not required, these seismic anchoring systems are still found to be quite useful as crack control for veneer walls in areas where the risk for movement may be greater or where higher wind loads may be predominant. Many municipalities have, in fact, kept these requirements in their local building codes, and of course those jurisdictions operating under older versions of IBC are still held to the old Seismic Design Category requirements. What the current version of TMS 402/602 does speak to with regard to the veneer anchors is specific to the spacing of the anchors and the type of fasteners used. The standard code requirement for the spacing of common adjustable masonry anchors is one for every 2.67 square feet. However, in Seismic Design Categories C and above, the code requires that adjustable veneer anchors be placed for every 2 square feet of wall. This increased number of anchors promotes stability within the veneer and reduces the chance of falling masonry debris. The fastener used to attach that veneer anchor must be a minimum of a No. 10 corrosion-resistant screw with a minimum nominal shank diameter of 0.190, or be of equivalent or greater pullout strength. If nails are to be used as fasteners, as in wood frame residential construction, the minimum pullout strength criteria would be that of a minimum 8d ring shank nail, as opposed to that of an 8d common nail, which studies have shown not to have adequate pullout strength to resist seismic loading. Jeremy Douglas, CSI, CCPR, is director of architectural services for Hohmann & Barnard. He can be reached at JeremyD@h-b.com.
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Virtual Reality
Twinmotion 2018: Real-Time VR Software for Architects and Designers by Julianna Gulden Julianna Gulden is the international communications manager for Abvent S.A. Since 1985, France’s Abvent Group has offered innovative image and design solutions for BIM professionals in the fields of architecture, design and photography. Abvent develops a family of stand-alone 3D rendering applications especially for architects, designers and urban planners: Artlantis, the rendering tool for physically precise images and animations; Twinmotion, an award-winning, realtime visualization and 3D immersion software; and Render[in], a powerful, fully integrated rendering engine developed for SketchUp.
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Virtual reality (VR) architectural visualization, long a staple of the European market, has been making inroads in the U.S. market as well, and Twinmotion 2018 is well positioned to lead the charge. Released by France’s Abvent Group in July, Twinmotion 2018 is the latest version of its awardwinning 3D immersion software developed especially for architects, designers, urban planners and landscapers — regardless of the size and complexity of their project, equipment, computer skills or modeler. Powered by Unreal Engine, Twinmotion 2018 boasts a highly intuitive interface, which makes it extremely easy to learn and navigate. Twinmotion 2018 is available on both Windows and MacOS, making Twinmotion 2018 the first visualization software with real-time 3D immersion for architects using the Mac platform. Twinmotion is compatible with virtually every 3D modeler on the market in FBX, SKP, C4D and OBJ formats. Merge several Twinmotion projects or other formats into one, and enrich your projects by importing images in DDS, PNG, PSD, JPG or TGA formats. In this latest version, Twinmotion offers direct synchronization with leading 3D modelers, GRAPHISOFT ARCHICAD and Autodesk Revit.
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A single click is all it takes to get the geometries of the 3D model, plus all the BIM information of the architectural objects with their organization and hierarchy. Sculpt a surface, change materials from Twinmotion’s own library, modify sunshine by date and geographic coordinates, add a character or a crowd, integrate a car or several lanes of vehicles on a road, draw their route and choose their spot in the project, add a body of water, create a town square or a forest, modify the foliage of one tree or many, transform raindrops into snowflakes, view your project from all angles while walking, driving, even flying… and see the effects of all these actions instantly. Create a true landscape. Use the software’s terrain library or import your own file as a point cloud or a 3D mesh. It will automatically be converted to an internal landscape that you can edit, sculpt, paint and re-vegetate at your convenience. Show the project in its various stages by using the unique project phasing feature. From breaking ground through the structural work to the landscape vegetation, the goal is to stage and share the evolution of the building. With Twinmotion’s Geolocalization feature — an industry first — place your project within the context of its environment on OpenStreetMap. In just seconds, you can export images and videos of remarkable quality; several hours are needed with conventional software. Everything is instantaneous in the 3D environment you design, regardless of the type of project. Twinmotion is an ideal interactive tool to explore and share the environment, the atmosphere, the spaces of the site — a companion to plan and decide, persuade and pre-sell, but also to make strategic choices upstream for the effective implementation of the project. Several advanced presentation options are available in Twinmotion 2018, making it easier than ever to share your vision with your clients and other stakeholders: • Compatible with VR headsets HTC Vive, Oculus Rift and Gear VR, Photos courtesy of Abvent. Twinmotion 2018 allows Materials • Technolog y • Trends
Photos courtesy of Abvent.
you to explore your model in real time, from the early design phase to the final project review. • Twinmotion 2018 is the only software on the market capable of producing in real time not only stereoscopic images, panoramas and videos of the highest quality, but also 360° videos. • BIMmotion is a self-executable file that can be shared free of charge, which integrates the project you have imagined, allowing everyone to move in 3D, freely or according to a pre-defined path. • A new media viewer in the cloud allows you to directly upload images, panoramas and videos created in Twinmotion to be shared, combined and organized in a project. Twinmotion 2018 is available in seven languages: Chinese, English, French, German, Korean, Portuguese and Spanish. For more information, please visit www.twinmotion.com. w w w.masonr ydesignmaga zine.com
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Supplies | New Green and Sustainable Products Energy efficiency, sustainability, high performance — all three are elements of green building. These pages feature just a few of the latest products that lend themselves to green design and construction.
1 Acme Brick Introduces TC Cladding www.brick.com
A new “green” cladding product from Acme Brick Co. combines all the benefits of masonry in new sizes and uses a fast method of application. Acme TC (terra cotta) Cladding is manufactured to strict tolerances in an ISO9001-certified plant, ensuring trouble-free installation. These panels combine light weight, durability and low maintenance with a fresh, modern feel. Plus, the panel system requires less on-site labor and installs in all weather conditions using multiple methods, including the Fast Track Stone system. Standard panel sizes are 1.18 x 16 x 36 inches or 1.18 x 16 x 48 inches, and TC Cladding is currently available in 15 colors. For more details and specifications, visit www.acmetccladding.com. Whether you’re designing, specifying or constructing a building, choose Acme TC Cladding for its contemporary look, versatility, performance and savings.
Get Your Products Featured! The November/December 2017 Supplies section will feature paving materials and supplies. Send your 100-word product descriptions and high-resolution images to Karen Hickey at karen@lionhrtpub.com.
1 2 Echelon Offers a Half-High CMU Option www.echelonmasonry.com Echelon Masonry has expanded its InsulTech Insulated Concrete Masonry Unit (ICMU) System to include Half-High unit options. Featuring more than a dozen profiles — in finished nominal dimensions of 12 1/4 x 4 x 16 inches — InsulTech offers more flexibility and options for architects designing hospitals, schools and other institutions, while meeting building codes. The InsulTech system offers high thermal efficiency in an innovative design combining a pre-assembled structural masonry unit with a molded, High-Performance Neopor EPS insulation insert, and thin veneer face to provide a 16.2 R-Value at 75°F. Internal stainless steel metal anchors ensure wind-load resistance and integrity for fire safety. Molded drainage channels within the EPS inserts, combined with compliant closed-cell gasket material with drainage perforations, provide continuous insulation, air tightness and superior moisture management.
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New Step Offering From Michels Stone www.michelsstone.us As part of its ongoing commitment to sustainability, Michels Stone is pursuing innovative ways to develop products. When selecting and sorting material, the company works to utilize leftover stone that may not
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have fit perfectly into one of its established product categories. The team recently found a way to repurpose some smaller limestone blocks into beautiful, naturally shaped steps. Rather than converting this stone into an aggregate, Michels opted to saw the pieces into 6-inchthick stair sections that can be installed quickly within any setting. The steps are rich with character and look as though Mother Nature set them in place millions of years ago. Available in chocolate or caramel color, the steps feature a bush hammered finish for added traction under foot. Contact one of Michels’ knowledgeable staff members for more information.
4 Mortairvent Rainscreen From Advanced Building Products
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www.mortairvent.com Most wall systems today are built with absorptive claddings. Oftentimes manufactured stone, stucco, brick, wood and fiber cement siding are the claddings of choice. It is important to design these walls for moisture migration. Moisture will find a way into the wall. How will you minimize moisture’s negative impact within that wall system? Mortairvent ® by Advanced Building Products is a drainage and ventilation mat that creates a capillary break, allowing moisture to drain, not remain trapped within the wall system. Mortairvent not only allows excess moisture to drain, but also permits drying in a convective fashion, which greatly minimizes the wall’s susceptibility to moisture-related issues.
advertiser’s index page#
company-phone-website
C4 Amerimix
888.313.0755 www.amerimix.com
800.664.6638 www.mortarnet.com
800.494.4899 www.tradesmens.com
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Arriscraft International, Inc.
5
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Mortar Net Solutions
Pine Hall Brick Company, Inc.
800.265.8123 www.arriscraft.com
800.334.8689 www.pinehallbrick.com
23 Prosoco 800.255.4255
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Construction Tie Products
219.878.1427 www.ctpanchors.com
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Laticrete International, Inc.
800.243.4788 www.laticrete.com/mvis
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Tradesmen’s Software
Weix Industries
262.628.4188 www.weixindustries.com 800.441.8359-TN
www.prosoco.com
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SPEC MIX, Inc.
888.773.2649 www.specmix.com
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Special Report
DEWALT®: Tool Company Embraces Technology
by Karen D. Hickey
DEWALT is well known for its tough, field-tested tools. But the tool company is now also a technology company, providing products that span the full construction process, even in the design office. In August 2017, during the 2017 DEWALT Experience: Tough in the South in Nashville, Tenn., DEWALT introduced two new software platforms to support its anchoring line, and showcased its digital solutions for jobsite connectivity and asset management. DEWALT Design Assist To help designers specify the correct anchors and solve structural and engineering problems before construction begins, the company has launched DEWALT Design Assist (DDA), a structural design software that incorporates its full concrete anchoring product line. This free software includes the latest building codes, and allows complete customization of base plates and anchor properties. A full release will occur by the end of 2017. HangerWorks Version 2.0 Version 2.0 of DEWALT’s HangerWorks plug-in for Autodesk Revit was also introduced. The software automates the placement of hangers and seismic bracing for MEP systems in conjunction with relevant codes. This saves significant modeling time and enables pre-fabrication prior to arriving on the jobsite. Load calculations can be performed directly in the software, and a bill of materials can also be generated in the software. HangerWorks Version 2.0 is available for immediate download at http://anchors.dewalt.com. The Mini-Undercut+™ Anchor DEWALT has added a new anchor to its DEWALT Engineered by Powers line, called the Mini-Undercut+. This internally threaded, selfundercutting anchor solves the dilemma of how to anchor to post-tension slabs in very shallowdrilled holes. When the Mini-Undercut+ anchor is properly installed, it provides consistent behavior at shallow embedments as low as 3/4 inch. The Connected Jobsite Earlier this year, DEWALT announced its launch of a fully connected system for jobsite connectivity (Masonry Design, July/August 2017, p. 9). Sharing data — BIM models, photos and videos — between devices and locations is increasingly
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necessary for contractors. Yet until now, limited WiFi options existed. DEWALT has created a patented WiFi mesh technology with rugged access points to enable contractors to share data and keep schedules and products moving. Each access point is tough enough to withstand the dirty, dusty conditions of the jobsite; simple to deploy and manage; and adaptable to a changing environment (e.g., walls going up). A fourstep process makes it easy to connect, and the system is designed to auto-recalibrate and auto-self-heal. Asset Management The Tool Connect™ asset management system, originally launched in 2015 incorporating Bluetooth® technology, now encompasses an Inventory Manager web portal, an updated mobile app, and connected products. Users can track the last-seen location of paired assets as well as assign tools and equipment to different jobsites. The same data is also stored online in a secure web portal. The system makes it easy to check in and check out tools, thereby eliminating wasted time usually spent looking for them. For assets without integrated Bluetooth capability, users can still connect using the Tool Connect Tag or the 20V MAX* Connector. The Tag can be attached to just about any item on the jobsite for tracking purposes. An integrated blue LED lights up when a Tag is selected in the Tool Connect app, making it easy to find an individual asset. The Tag can also be easily hidden if desired. The 20V MAX* Connector permanently attaches directly between the battery and tool and can disable itself when it’s out of range. A rechargeable internal coin cell battery charges when a 20V MAX* battery is inserted. Similar to the Tag, the Connector features an easily accessible pair button as well as blue LEDs that light up to indicate that it is paired or identified. Most of the more than 100 products in the 20V MAX* system can now be connected to the Tool Connect system. With the tools, Tag, Connector and batteries, anything on the jobsite can become part of the Tool Connect system. Conclusion These are just a few of the many products and technologies introduced during the 2017 DEWALT Experience: Tough in the South. Visit www.dewalt. com to learn more about DEWALT’s entire offering of power tools, anchors, hand tools, accessories and technology. wMD Materials • Technolog y • Trends
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