by QMI
Preparing for the Inevitable Hurricane Review and Approval Documents Workshop Session 1 Hurricane History, Storm Forces, Purposes of Shutters, Basic Shutter Design, Requirements and Product Engineering. Session 2 Overview of Shutter Types : Features, Advantages and Limitations. Session 3 Proper Installation and Review Session 4 Facts and Misunderstanding of Impact Glass. Session 5 QMI Security Solutions – Beyond the Hurricanes.
Shutter Design and Engineering Function & Purpose of Shutters Storm Forces – What Shutters Protect
Against! Building Codes – Basics of Wind Design Testing, Criteria How to Read & Interpret Product Approval Drawings Structural Attachment Issues Overview of Shutter Types
A Reminder of What We Are Up Against
A Reminder of What We Are Up Against
A Reminder of What We Are Up Against – Part 2
A Reminder of What We Are Up Against – Part 2
Hurricane Financial History Hurricane/Cat
Year
Cost
Katrina/3 ’05 $105,840,000,000 Andrew/5 ’92 $45,561,000,000 Ike/2 ’08 $20,587,000,000 Ivan/3 ’04 $19,832,000,000 Charley/4 ’04 $15,820,000,000 Irene/1 ’11 $15,800,000,000* * Puerto Rico damage $500,000,000 est.
The “Deadly 4” Storm Forces
Flying Debris
Wind
Wind-Driven Rain
Tidal Surge
Why Protect Glazed Openings?
How Do Shutters Protect Openings? Shutters act to do the following to greater or lesser extents depending on shutter type: Repel debris impacts Dissipate or “average out” direct wind force. Buffer against effects of wind-driven rain
After Hurricane Andrew In 1992
Shutters And The New Codes Were Developed To Protect Homes And Opening From Hurricane Force Winds
Is This True in Real Life?
Do Shutters Always Work? Shutters that are designed and tested to withstand a given level of wind force and missile impact that are properly installed according to engineering documents WILL withstand these conditions. Failures result from: ď Ž ď Ž ď Ž
Improper design Improper installation Actual conditions that exceed design limits
Examples of Shutter Failure during Hurricane Ivan (none are Roll-a-way!)
Improper Shutter Design
Improper Shutter Installation
Design of Shutters MINIMUM standard is what is required under
current building code in your area! In Florida, the relevant code is the Florida Building Code, 2010 edition. Exception: Miami, Broward and Monroe Counties – Miami-Dade Standards In Texas, the standards developed by TDI (Texas Department of Insurance) are used. Elsewhere, the International Building Code (IBC) is most prevalent – very similar to FBC
Questions You Hear in the Field rs e t t u h s r u o y e Are r a h p the ny m a se m hu How ? rri c r o f d an o go e
ra t ed
Are all of your shutters Dade rated?
All of these and others reflect a PART of the picture, but not the complete picture!
sh utt
ers ?
Shutter Design – Step One: Determine the Wind Zone
Step Two: Convert Wind Speed to Wind Pressure (Design Pressure) What you need to know to do this: Use code-specified ASCE 7 Wind Chart - for FBC 2007 and IBC 2006, relevant version is ASCE 7-05 Determine building location – will allow determination of Exposure Category Determine building height (mean roof height). Determine approx. roof pitch. Determine approx. dimensions of building.
Exposure Category – B vs. C Exposure Category B: Typically urban and suburban areas. Numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-family homes
Exposure Category C: Typically locations on open terrain Obstructions scattered and less than 30 ft in height. APPLIES TO ALL COASTAL AREAS in hurricane prone regions
IF IN DOUBT, USE CATEGORY C OR CHECK WITH LOCAL BUILDING DEPARTMENT!
Building Zones
End Zone “a� = 10% of smaller building dimension
Interior (or Internal) Zone
Note: On pitched roof, h is the distance from the ground to half the total rise
So Why Do Design Pressures Matter? Design Pressure affects: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Allowable shutter span. Fastener type and spacing that must be used. Shutter components that can be used. Intermediate supports (i.e. purlins for roll-up shutters).
Example
h = 20 ft a = 5 ft (10% of 50 ft)
Example (cont.)
1
2
3
4
5
End Zones Openings 1 & 5 are in the end zone; 2,3 and 4 are in the interior zone
Example (cont.) So, Let’s assume the building is in Exposure C Duval County (120 mph) Puerto Rico (145 mph) Shutters for Openings Shutters for Openings 1 & 5 must meet +45.2/-60.2 1& 5 must meet +30.5/psf 44.7 psf Shutters for Openings Shutters for Openings 2, 3 and 4 must meet 2, 3, and 4 must meet +45.2/-48.9 psf +30.5/-33.1 psf So, let’s design a roll-up shutter installation for Opening #5
Step 3: Assess the Installation Take basic height and width measurements Select the candidate shutter type(s) Determine the wall system (i.e. poured
concrete, CMU, wood frame)
Step 4: Verifying the Installation For the shutter type(s) in question, locate the
appropriate engineering drawing:
For FBC Product Approvals, these can be obtained by download from www.floridabuilding.org For Miami-Dade Approvals, these can be obtained by download from http://www.miamidade.gov/buildingcode/pc-search_
Verifying the Installation: Span Determine the span as the dimension
between structural attachments. Height of shutter is the span dimension for accordion and Bahama shutters. It may be the span dimension for storm panels (vertical panel orientation) and wind screen Width of shutter is span dimension for roll-up shutters, Colonial shutters, and may be the span dimension for storm panels (horizontal panel orientation) and wind screen.
Verifying the Installation: Substrate ď Ž IMPORTANT: In order to use Product
Approval Drawings for shutter design, the type of material to which the shutter will be attached must appear in the drawing. ď Ž Typically, poured concrete, CMU and wood frame are given in the drawings.
Verifying the Installation: Specific Mounting Condition Identify the particular drawing that shows the
components that you wish to use – note any potential discrepancies between what you propose to do and what is drawn. Drawings will detail fastener type, point to charts that give fastener spacing, show other components that may be used, etc.
Verifying the Installation - Summary If the span is acceptable based on your
design pressure, and; If the substrate to which you will attach is given in the Product Approval Drawing, and; If the way you intend to install the shutter is shown, SUCCESS!
Example: Assumptions for Opening #5 Walls are made from CMU, filled around
opening, Opening dimension is 180” x 96” Mounting track directly to the wall
Example: Wind Design (Steps 1&2) In Coastal Duval County, Basic Wind Speed
is 120 mph, Exposure C – End Zone; Design Pressures = +30.5/-44.7 psf In Puerto Rico, Basic Wind Speed is 145
mph, Exposure C – End Zone; Design Pressures = +45.2/-60.2 psf
Example – Assess the Installation (Step 3) Product Choice – Roll-a-way AL6E Substrate – CMU Dimensions of Opening are 180” x 96”
Example – Verify the Installation: SPAN For Duval County, max.
pressure is -44.7 psf – max slat span is 197”; the proposed span of 180” is ALLOWED For Puerto Rico, max.
pressure is -60.2 psf – max slat span is 160”; the proposed span of 180” is NOT ALLOWED
Excerpt from Roll-a-way/QMI AL6E Product Approval Drawing FL5825
Example – Verify the Installation: SUBSTRATE & MOUNTING CONDITIONS Concrete/CMU Wall
Mount of Roll-Up Shutter is specifically listed as a condition on the product approval drawing. Substrate is acceptable. Proposed mounting is acceptable. Excerpt from Roll-a-way/QMI AL6E Product Approval Drawing FL5825
Review The Approval Documents Florida-Building-Code-Approval-FL-5825-R2.pdf
But What Do We Do in Puerto Rico? Choose a different product that has
acceptable span; Choose a different product that utilizes the height as span (i.e. an accordion shutter); Choose a different product that utilizes purlins (intermediate storm bars) If critical for particular product, inquire about site-specific engineering.
Impact Standards Tested under specific conditions outlined by
test protocols – ASTM E1886/1996 is most common. TAS 201/202/203 is used by Miami Dade County and recognized by FBC. Either is recognized by IBC. For FBC & IBC, penetration of test object is allowed, as long as a tear is not greater than 5” x 1/16”, or if a hole, that it is not larger than 3” at the widest point.
What Does Large Missile Impact Rating Mean?
What Does Large Missile Impact Rating Mean? Under ASTM E1886/1996, this
could have various meanings at different wind speeds! Usually, this is understood to be “Missile D” – a 9 lb 2x4 fired at 50 fps (approx.30 mph) TAS201/202/203 all refer to the 9 lb 2x4 at 50 fps. After impacting, the shutter is subjected to cyclic wind load testing and must pass.
What Does Small Missile Impact Rating Mean? ď Ž Under ASTM E1886/1996, the test involves
firing 10 2g steel balls at the shutter at 130 fps (approx. 88 mph) ď Ž Shutter is subjected to the same cyclic wind load testing as for Large Missile Impact test.
Why Is Impact Resistance Important? ď Ž Gives a measure of how well the shutter
performs against windborne debris. ď Ž Code (FBC2007 & IBC2006) requires Large Missile Impact level of protection at 0-30 ft of building height, and Small Missile Impact above 30 ft.
What is Miami-Dade Compliance? Often misunderstood by the general public –
refers not only to the product but many details concerning installation. Methodology is the same as other codes, with important exceptions!
Deflection Requirement – at maximum deflection, shutter cannot be closer than 1” to the glass. Much stricter pass/fail for impact tests – no penetration of shutter permissible.
How Does Miami-Dade Code Affect You? Do you live in Miami-Dade County? If not, is Miami-Dade Code specified by an architect
or contractor as part of a bid proposal? Or, is it just a customer’s whim based on a buzzword he/she has heard?? The Bottom Line: We have products that fulfill MiamiDade criteria, but with greater limitations in style and features, and with greater expense. Does the customer really need it?
Water Infiltration through Glazed Openings Occurs when rain is driven
into openings by storm force winds. Any operable opening is susceptible, but sliding glass doors are the worst. While doors must be rated to withstand the same wind pressures as shutters, code only requires modest performance against water infiltration – often as little as 15 psf!
Effect of Shutters on Water Infiltration Most shutters will greatly improve water
infiltration, but will not stop it. Well-designed and installed roll-up shutters have potential to virtually stop water infiltration – bottom slat can form a seal with deck, or window sill.
Extreme Water Infiltration Test
End – Session I
Questions ?
Discussion?
Session II – Overview of Hurricane Shutters
Until This Decade, This Was the Standard:
Each Shutter Type Has Unique Profile of: Aesthetics Ease of Deployment Performance Characteristics Daily Use Features (Secondary Benefits) Cost
Roll-Up Shutters Best form of protection against
ALL storm forces; unparalleled performance against wind-driven rain Numerous motorized or manual means of deployment Can be installed directly over windows/doors or as balcony enclosure. Available in several colors, aluminum or vinyl slats, retained or non-retained systems
Roll-Up Shutter Installation Examples
Roll-Up Shutters – Secondary Use Benefits!
Use Every Day for: Security Privacy Insulation against unwanted heat, noise, and light Fingertip control of room lighting
Accordion Shutters Simple to deploy. Cost-effective storm
protection Excellent economical choice for balcony enclosures. Used often for upperfloor operable window protection. Excellent all-around shutter with exceptional value
Accordion Shutter Applications
Bahama Shutters Made from durable extruded
aluminum Powder coated finish Adds “Islands flair” to home Reduces light, adds privacy Easy to deploy Available as impact rated version, or decorative blade spacing. Tubular slat or decorative, lowcost bent metal slat
Colonial Shutters Tough extruded aluminum
construction, powder coated finish. Adds “traditional” flare to home Easy to deploy Available in impact or decorative blade spacing (tubular slat), or in bent metal decorative slat. Available as bi-fold (or trifold) for protection of larger openings.
Storm Panels Economical protection,
requires manual deployment Panels made from aluminum, galvanized steel or impact-resistant polycarbonate plastic. Wide variety of header/sill options; panels can be vertically or horizontally oriented.
In-Place Stainless Steel Impact Screens Heavy-duty extruded
aluminum frame, durable powder coated stainless steel mesh Always in place, no need to deploy. Reduces light, solar heat gain. Protects against debris impacts. Provides security protection Available for arched and nonrectangular openings.
In-Place Stainless Steel Impact Screens ENVIRONMENT Mild
Moderate Marine
DESCRIPTION
CLEANING INTERVAL More than 6 miles Every 6 from Months Beachfront or sheltered bay ½ mile to 6 miles 2 to 3 from beach -front orMonths sheltered bay Up to ½ mile from 2 to 4 beachfront Weeks Or sheltered bay
Fabric Wind Screen Can be mounted
directly over openings or as balcony enclosure. Manual, mechanized or motorized deployment. While impact resistant, fabric’s deflection is high, which can allow glass breakage. Modest cost.
Impact Glass ď Ž To be discussed later.
Hurricane Film It Doesn’t Exist* “There were several IMMEDIATE AND VERY SERIOUS ISSUES which were discussed that could cause immediate enforcement action against individuals or individual companies. The first of these is the use of statements such as safety/security films being “shutterless” hurricane protection; that is, implying that if these films are installed, there is no need to consider shutters or other Florida-approved methods of hurricane protection. This statement, used alone, could clearly be considered misleading or false.” International Window Film Association *Residential Use
The “Typical” Installation – A Little Bit of Everything!
Session III -Proper Installation
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
Impact Windows Are Not Designed to Stop Water Infiltration!
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
In Fact, They Only Need To Perform To 15% Of The Design Pressure For Water Infiltration
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
Mold and Mildew Starts to Grow Within 48 Hours.
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
Generally When There is a Wind Event Power is Lost‌ Sometimes for Several Weeks
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
A Small Rock Impacting The Glass Causes The Same Damage As The Tested 2 x 4
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
Replacing An Impact Rated Window Is Very Expensive‌ Even When They Performed As Designed
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
Many Experts Believe That After The Next Big Event Impact Glass Will Be Required On All Openings……..
Impact Glass Fact and Misunderstandings
With A Hurricane Shutter Protecting Them!!