Master Thesis Landscape Architecture Lisbeth Feldskou by Lisbeth Feldskou

R E V I TA L I Z I N G N O R D S T R A N D A NEW FOCAL POINT BY A REDEFINITION OF A CAMPSITE

PROLOGUE This master thesis is made by Lisbeth Feldskou within Landscape Architecture, at the University of Copenhagen. The thesis is written in the period from the 15th of February to the 15th of august 2015, and counts 30 ects points. Revitalizing Nordstrand - a new focal point by a redefinition of a campsite is a local development project within a strategic frame. With Odsherred as case, the thesis search for an identification of development potentials and how to extend existing place-based qualities. Through a redefinition of the existing Odsherred Campsite, the coastal summer cottage area of Nordstrand are revitalized, aiming to create a new recreational focal point. Several persons has contributed to the thesis. Beside my supervisor Gertrud Jørgensen, I will like to thank John Arnberg & Rikke Schultz-Lorentzen (owners of Odsherred Campsite), Jørgen Stoltz (Nature Consultant and owner of Silvadanica.dk), Nina Lemkow (Geopark Manager), Morten Hylleberg (Local entreprenuer) and Majbritt Jensen (Local entrepreneur) for giving interviews and guiding me through the landscape of Odsherred. Furthermore Berit Rathenborg Bæhr (former municipal Urban Planner), Rasmus Kruse Andreasen (municipal landscape manager), Sille Krüger (Municipal Business Consultant), Marie Jull Madsen (Project manager), and Rune Sørensen (Associations Consultant) from the municipality of Odsherred has contributed with relevant knowledge within their different fields. The communication with both locals and experts has been an important part of the development of the thesis.

Lisbeth Feldskou

ABSTRACT Denmark is changing and the balance between economic growth- and decline areas is increased. Especially peripheral rural areas are challenged by a shrinking tendency. With Odsherred as case area, the thesis search for an overall identification of place-based development potentials within peripheral rural areas and how to strengthen existing potentials. It is assessed that Odsherred is placed in between challenges and potentials. An establishment of a Geopark and strong local communities generate a positive development tendency, even though the general shrinking tendency affect Odsherred as well. Intensive fieldwork, interviews and a specific focus on catalyst situations that initiate change, has kick-started the knowledge collecting. The concept of Site Reach by professor Andrea Kahn (2005), the thoughts about spaces of flows and spaces of place by Manuel Castells (1996) and the neo-endogenoues model by Christopher Ray (Ray, 1999 cited in Tanvig, 2012)) are the main theoretical aspects used during the thesis, both in relation to the analysis and the discussion. Through a context- and landscape analysis focusing on landscape characteristics and development potentials in Odsherred, the coastal landscape and the summer cottage areas are chosen as a relevant example on how to develop existing place-based qualities by use of existing initiatives and ongoing projects, supported by European national and municipal policies, planning perspectives and visions. The thesis can then be seen as a local development process within a strategic frame. New local and municipal initiatives in the summer cottage area of Nordstrand has indicated a transformation process and a renewed focus on the landscape potentials within the area. At the same time the area is challenged by low connectivity, few meeting places, few public amenities and few activities. New owners and initiatives on Odsherred Campsite and a new municipal beach station are the two main indicators of change in the area, why the vision of the thesis is to investigate the development of the coastal summer cottage landscape and, by a re-definition of an existing camp-site, create a new focal point based on place-based resources and ongoing initiatives to achieve a positive impact on the future development of the coastal summer cottage area. The thesis investigates the area of Nordstrand and reflects on the historical and cultural development of the area, which together with the context- and landscape analysis of Odsherred are the basis of the design interventions. The thesis points especially to the strong collective history of the area and the recreational use. An existing campsite – Odsherred Camping – is used as an explorative example on how to revitalize a summer cottage area through a development process. New owners has initiated a more public approach, which the thesis grasps and continues to develop. Through three principles of intervention – concentrate, connect and dissolve – a development process is started focusing on how to enhance and extend existing initiatives and link them to municipal and national planning perspectives. Through physical and structural interventions, the thesis re-integrate the campsite in the surrounding landscape and challenges the classical campsite by introducing the campsite as a new public focal point – Nordstrand Square – providing both activities, a communal house, accommodation and a local café which can work as a public meeting place. Not only for campers, but for the returning summer cottage guest, the one-day-visitors, the tourist, the Nykøbing citizens, sports associations, the senior citizens that use their summer cottage permanently… for everyone. Nordstrand Square has become a recreative focal point that has revitalized a summer cottage area and added a new layer to the recreational landscape of odsherred.

INTRO

INTRODUCTION READING GUIDE STORY LINE METHOD

10 11 12 14

UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT

CONTEXT, BACKGROUND AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLACE-BASED DEVELOPMENT MULTIFUNCTIONALLY CENTRALIZATION ODSHERRED TODAY NEW VALUES AN IDEA OF A GEOPARK - A COMMON FRAME OF STORYTELLING BETWEEN LOCAL AND GLOBAL SPACE THE NEO-ENDOGENOUS MODEL SITE REACH

FRAMING PURPOSE 27

III

LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIALS OF ODSHERRED

INTRO THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE

30 32

LANDSCAPE FORMATION GEOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT TERRAIN

THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE 36 AGRICULTURE RECLAIMED LAND ANCIENT MONUMENTS RAILWAY AND SETTLEMENT

THE COASTAL LANDSCAPE 42 COASTAL DYNAMICS TRANSITIONS RECREATIONAL TRANSFORMATION

SWOT 52 SUMMERIZING THE ANALYSIS 53

DEFINING AND EXPLORING THE VISION

DEFINING THE VISION 56 VISION 57 PLANNING AND REGULATION 58 EXISTING DEVELOPMENT VISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 62

DEFINING AND ANALYSING THE INTERVENTION SPOTS

CATALYST SITUATIONS 66 NORDSTRAND 68 CURRENT CONDITIONS - OVERVIEW LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGIES HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT COASTAL TRANSFORMATION COLLECTIVITY CADASTRE

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE

CURRENT CONDITIONS COMPONENTS ANALYSIS

SUMMERIZING THE ANALYSIS 93

DESIGN INTERVENTIONS

PRINCIPLES FOR INTERVENTIONS 96 CONCEPTUAL PLAN OF INTERVENTIONS 97 OVERALL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 98 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS - A STORY TO BE CONTINUED 100 DEVELOPMENT WITHIN EACH TYPOLOGY 102 INSPIRATION 106 DEVELOPMENT WITHIN ACTIVITIES AND NETWORK 110 PLAN OVERVIEW AND FIVE ATMOSPHERES ATMOSPHERE 1 - NORDSTRAND SQUARE

118 120

PLAN ZOOM, SECTION, VISUALIZATION

ATMOSPHERE 2 - THE FOREST

122

PLAN ZOOM, SECTION, VISUALIZATION

ATMOSPHERE 3 - THE PLANTATION

124

ATMOSPHERE 4 - THE DUNES

126

PLAN ZOOM, SECTION, VISUALIZATION PLAN ZOOM, SECTION, VISUALIZATION

ATMOSPHERE 5 - THE OCEAN

128

PLAN ZOOM, SECTION, VISUALIZATION

VII

OUTRO FINAL REFLECTION

131 132

THE ACADEMIC GEOPARK THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL LANDSCAPE A NEW PERCEPTION OF ‘RURALITY’ LINKING ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS FORCES COASTAL RECREATIVE DEVELOPMENT COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT NORDSTRAND AS A RECREATIONAL AND COLLECTIVE FOCAL POINT

REFERENCES ILLUSTRATIONS LIST APPENDIX A - RELEVANT COMMUNICATION + INTERVIEWS APPENDIX B - DIAGRAMMATIC PLANS

136 140 144 158

I INTRO

INTRODUCTION Denmark is changing and an increased unbalance between economic growth areas and peripheral rural areas challenge the cohesion. Urbanization, centralization, demographic aging and a decrease in industrial and agricultural activities have transformed both the urban and rural environment. Especially the peripheral rural areas are affected by a shrinking tendency, including population decline, low level of education, empty buildings and a loss of investments and jobs (Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014; NĂ¸rgaard, 2014; Dybvad, 2015). The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been a main actor in relation to rural development and has throughout history changed its focus from production support (pillar 1) to an increased focus on rural living condition and environmental development (pillar 2) (Ill.18.1). Changing needs in society and changes in agricultural and industrial activities, has directed this new tendency towards an increased focus on pillar 2 and in 2006 OECD summarized the new tendencies in The New Rural Paradigm as a break with previous rural politics. Instead of equal development of all rural areas by production support, the development was based on place-based qualities and potentials, to enable a nuanced development in each area (OECD, 2006; Hausenberg et al., 2008). The new perception of rural areas has forced a change from a mono-functional landscape based on primary sectoral activities to a multifunctional landscape with both production, living and especially recreation (Primdahl et al., 2014). Odsherred reflects the development described above and while the agriculture is declining in Odsherred, the landscape with its remarkable character and recreational values seems to become more and more important, together with local initiatives. In 2005 Odsherred has started the first ideas on a Geopark, which today has become the overall common narrative, to which local and regional initiatives and projects can link to (Vejre et al., (unpublished)). The combination of the new planning- and project tendencies introduced by OECD (2006), the establishment of the Geopark Odsherred and strong local communities seems to generate a positive direction for future development of Odsherred, even though there are still many challenges. Odsherred seems to be situated in between challenges and potentials, why it is relevant to look on how to strengthen existing development potentials. A context- and landscape analysis based on fieldwork, interviews and research, address the coastal summer cottage areas as relevant development potentials in Odsherred, confirmed by The Municipal Plan 2013-2025 and the Visions- and development Plan of Odsherred 2025. Furthermore National perspectives and policies on recreation and coastal- and nature tourism direct the importance of an integrative approach in relation to nature, recreation and tourism, especially in peripheral coastal areas (MiljĂ¸ministeriet, 2014; MiljĂ¸ministeriet, 2015). The thesis investigates the area of Odsherred an aims to unfold potentials within the natural and cultural history of the area. By use of an existing campsite, the summer cottage area of Nordstrand is revitalized through a development of the existing qualities into a new focal point for recreation. Through strengthening existing potentials and linking them to municipal, national and European planning perspectives, the thesis can be seen as a local development project within a strategic frame.

READING GUIDE STORY LINE

The thesis is developed through four main phases which are illustrated on the next pages (ill.12.1) by four diagrammatic maps. Beside the intro and outro chapters, the phases are comparable to the chapters in the thesis - however the last two chapters are combined in one phase. The phases are; - (i) Understanding the Context, - (ii) Landscape characteristics and potentials in Odsherred, - (iii) Defining and exploring the vision, and - (iv+v) Defining and analysing the intervention spot (iv), including Design interventions (v). With Odsherred as case, the context (i) provide the basis for the definition of an overall framing purpose, while the landscape characteristics and potentials (ii) create a frame, from which the vision (iii) is defined and the design (iv+v) is developed. Beside the four phases, the thesis has two levels of investigation; an overall framing purpose (a) and a more specific vision (B): (A) The purpose is to investigate possible place-based landscape development potentials in peripheral rural areas and search how to strengthen existing potentials (B) The vision is to investigate the development of the coastal summer cottage landscape and, by a re-definition of an existing camp-site, create a new focal point based on place-bounded resources and ongoing initiatives to achieve a positive impact on the future development of the coastal summer cottage area. As the headlines of the chapters indicate, the thesis shall be seen as a development project, both in relation to the structure of the report and in relation to the design outcome, that shows possible future scenarios. Fieldwork and Interviews has been an important part of the knowledge collecting and has affected the development process of the thesis. The interviews are marked on the storyline on the next pages, to visualize where in the process each interview has contributed to the thesis. The most relevant communication are listed in appendix A and the most important interviews are summarized in Appendix A (1-6) and are used as references through the thesis. Illustrations are organized after page and number, for instance ill. 12.1 refer to page 12 illustration 1. If not anything else are cited on the illustration list in the back, the illustrations are made by author and the pictures are taken by author.

Morten Hyllebjerg // Entreprneur in Egebjerg and main actor in Fri & Fro (Appendix A (4))

John Arnberg & Rikke Lorentzen // Entrepreneurs and owners of Odsherred Campsite and Algade 24 Nina Lemkow // Geopark Manager (Appendix A (3))

LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIALS OF ODSHERRED

Jørgen Stoltz // Nature Guide and Consultant (Appendix A (2))

Ill. 12.1 // Storyline, including the mst relevant communication. The most relevant interviews are summerized in Appendix A (1-6).

STORY LINE

Majbritt Jensen // Entrepreneur in Hørve, school teacher

UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT i

INTRO I

Kirstine Cool // Head of consulting, Dansk Bygningsarv Sara Line Bohn // CEO, Dansk Bygningsarv

Berit Rathenborg Bæhr // Urban Planner, Municipality of Odsherred (Appendix A (1))

ODSHERRED

III

OUTRO

DESIGN INTERVENTIONS

DEFINING AND ANALYSING INTERVENTION SPOTS

DEFINING AND EXPLORING THE VISION

John Arnberg & Rikke Lorentzen // Entrepreneurs and owners of Odsherred Campsite and Algade 24 (Appendix A (5))

Sille Krüger // Business Concultant // Municipality of Odsherred (Appendix A (6))

Marie Juul Madsen // Project Manager // Municipality of Odherred

Rune Sørensen // Association Consultant // Municipality of Osherred

John Arnberg & Rikke Lorentzen // Entrepreneurs and owners of Odsherred Campsite and Algade 24 (Appendix A (5))

METHOD The thesis is based on a methodical approach, aiming for a creative process, where analysis and project development work in a coherent relationship and where the starting point of the project will be redefined along with new analysis, research, interviews and site visits â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and new possible solutions and directions for the project might occur (Stahlsmidt and Nellemann, 2009). This creates a focus on the process rather than the goal and on interventions as means instead of end design solutions (Tietjen, 2013). Sven-Ingvar Andersson (1994) (cited in stahlsmidt and Nellemann, 2009) describes this dynamic project development process in his Spiral method, why the thesis will use elements of Anderssons approach. The overall methodologically process of the thesis is illustrated on ill.15.1. After an intensive 3-days fieldtrip to the area of Odsherred, the context was characterized. Landscape characteristics and potentials have been mapped, aiming to gain a broad understanding of Odsherred, and catalyst situations has been identified. Several methods on landscape analysis are in general guiding the analysis, for instance the Landscape Character Method (Landskabskaraktermetoden) by Caspersen and Nellemann (2005) (cited in stahlsmidt and Nellemann, 2009), Drawing and Reading by Malene Hauxner (2003) and The Ecological Method by Ian McHarg (1967). This landscape analysis of Odsherred does not follow a specific method, but focus on landscape characteristics and potentials categorized in three themes, identified through the fieldwork and research: (1) The natural landscape, (2) The cultural landscape and (3) The coastal landscape. The analysis are using a qualitative approach aiming to clarify the distinctive landscape character of the area. Only little research was done before the fieldtrip to ensure an objective and open minded understanding of Odsherred. Several interviews and meetings (see appendix a) with both experts and locals, have been made to gain a better understanding of the area. The interviews are an important reference source through the thesis. A specific focus on catalyst situations during the fieldtrip has been used as an analytic tool to explore relevant situations that drives change and strengthen development (Den Danske Ordbog, 2015). Both human- and non-human actors are seen as possible agents of change, why the fieldtrip have been focusing on both landscape characteristics, processes, people, elements of change, ongoing projects and new ideas. This analysis- and transformation process of the landscape focusing on agents of change and catalyst situations is a part of the Actor-Network-Theory (ANT), that describe a method to translate existing landscapes into possible future landscapes (Tietjen, 2013). The thesis will not follow the ANT process, but will be inspired from the use of catalyst situations and agents of change. On the basis of fieldwork and background research and overall purpose was defined to frame the further process. Different scales of investigation are used as a reflection tool on the interplay between smaller and larger scale (ill. 15.1). A SWOT analysis summarizes the analysis and provide the basis for the definition of the specific vision. With both the framing purpose and the specific vision in mind, several 1-day fieldtrips clarified the intervention spots and directed the design process. Interviews and meetings was made along with the design process. A reflection discusses the different topics in the thesis.

The relevant literature and theory will be presented in the following and used as background knowledge, as tools in the analysis process and to support the argumentation in the thesis.

LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS, DEVEOPLMENT POTENTIALS & CATALYST SITUATIONS

DESIGN INTERVENTION

VISION

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT...

SCALE

CONTEXT

TIME

PRESENT

VISION

FUTURE

Ill. 15.1 // The illustrations shows the process from the objective understanding of the context through the identification of the development potentials, catalyst situations and visions, to the design interventions. Furthermore it shows how the scale can vary along with the project development from both larger to smaller scale. The design interventions are perceived as means more than end product, why the development process might continues in the future.

II U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E C O N T E X T

CONTEXT, BACKGROUND & THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Denmark has, as many other countries, experienced a transformation within both physical and structural aspects: Urbanization, globalization, centralization, demographic changes, a decrease in industrial and agricultural activities and an increase in the knowledge-based sector has transformed both the urban and rural environment and generated an unbalance between the economic growth areas and the peripheral- and rural areas. Especially the peripheral- and rural areas are challenged by a shrinking tendency, including population decline, demographic aging, low level of education, dilapidated buildings and a loss of investments and jobs (Dybvad, 2015; Nørgaard, 2014). RURAL DEVELOPMENT It is generally accepted that the character of the rural areas has changed along with the decrease in agricultural and fishing activities and the increase in the knowledge-based society. Formerly agriculture and fishing was the focal point for both business, living and culture, including identity. Rural areas served as food supply and as a development reserve in relation to the city (Nørgaard, 2011). Several aspects has affected the development of rural areas. The traditional European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (EU’s Landbrugspolitik) has been a main actor in the development of rural areas in Europe throughout history (ill. 18.1). As the timeline shows, CAP

Pillar 1 : Production Support

LEADER II

1994 - 1999

LEADER I

1991 - 1993

1962

CAP was introduced

1999 Pillar 2 : Rural Development (Environmental- and development programmes in rural areas - Rural Policies (Landdistriktprogram, Leader))

Agenda 2000 / Several reforms since 1962 (1992, 1994) and changing needs of society has created a new focus on economic, environmental, social and cultural development of rural Europe. Cap was seperated in two pillars. Foundation of the European LEADER Association for Rural Development

Ill. 18.1 (boths pages) // Relevant events in relation to CAP that has affected Rural Development Hausenberg Aps, 2012); (European commision, 2012; European Commission, 2015)

was introduced after The Second World War mainly to ensure food supply and minimum prices. Economic support to primary sectoral activities, especially agriculture and fishing, created a basis for equal development in all rural areas. Changing needs in society, de-industrialization and a deceleration of the development in peripheral rural areas since the launch of the CAP in 1962, have generated several CAP-reforms and created a new focus on environmental, economic, social and cultural development in rural areas (European Commission, 2012). More and more funds was moved from CAP’s Pillar 1 (Production support) to CAP’s Pillar 2 (Rural Development) (Ill.18.1) (European Commission, 2012). Within the CAP’s Pillar 2, 4 axis address different parts of rural development: (1) Improving competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector, (2) improving the environment in rural areas, (3) Improving the quality of life in rural areas and encouraging diversification of the rural economy and (4) Implementation and local anchoring of the LEADER programme (European commission, 2012). Especially the axis 2-4 has created a new focus on rural development focusing on sustainable, area-based solutions with an integrative, network-based bottom-up approach where Local Action Groups are key actors (European Commission 2015). The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) by The European Commission are used as a historical framework for understanding rural development throughout history.

Axis I :

Improving competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector

Axis II : Improving the environment in the countryside

Axis III :

Improving the quality of life in rural areas and encourage diversification of the rural economy

2000 - 2006

2007 - 2013

LEADER +

anchoring

the Rural Programme and LEADER

2014 - 2020

Axis IV : LEADER Implementation and local

the Rural Programme and LEADER

PLACE-BASED DEVELOPMENT To follow up on the new tendencies in rural development the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) manifested the new tendencies of peripheral rural development in the report The New Rural Paradigm: Politics and Governance and marked a break with previous rural politics. Instead of equal development of all rural areas by agricultural support, the development was based on area- or place-based qualities and potentials, to enable a more nuanced development in each area (OECD, 2006; Hausenberg et al., 2008). Ill. 21.1 on the next page shows some of the danish initiatives and projects built on the New Rural Paradigm by OECD (2006). The place-based resources is in literature described as a broad and dynamic term, addressing both the traditional focus on the business sector, but also cultural, natural and human resources, including the intangible resources, identity, social capital, network and local knowledge. The place-based resources can then be connected to both the human and non-human components on the actual site or area, but also to development processes and changes, which has occurred throughout history (Hausenberg, 2008). The New Rural Paradigm by OECD (2006) functions as a reference on the new approach in the thesis documenting the importance of place-based development. MULTIFUNCTIONALITY Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research on rural areas addresses a multi-layered and more complex understanding of rural landscapes. Tanvig (2011) describes several perceptions on rural areas and what drives the development today, focusing on both the agriculture, the idyllic and recreative values, the strong local communities and the integration between the city and the countryside. The tendencies towards a renewed and more complex understanding of the landscape of peripheral and rural areas can be seen in the layout of the present landscape. The mono-functional landscape based on mainly agriculture and fishing has been transformed into a more nuanced multifunctional landscape with both production, living and especially recreation. The landscape has become a more integrated part of peoples life because of an increase in recreative activities and an awareness of the vulnerability of the nature influenced by the human, why functions associated with recreation, settlement and nature management has become increasingly important, both on national scale and in the local community (Primdahl et al., 2014). The rural lifestyle (Landbokultur) has become more diverse and has in some areas been taken over by a more urban lifestyle. Furthermore more people in rural areas are no longer farmers, but employees (Dybvad, 2015). Ill. 20.1 below illustrates the distribution of different sectoral activities in Denmark and support the tendency towards less agricultural-, forestry- and fishing activities and more multifunctionality in rural areas.

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING INDUSTRY

BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION TRADING

17%

ACCOMODATION AND EXPERIENCES PUBLIC SERVICE

33%

KNOWLEDGE AND SERVICE

21%

ill. 20.1 // Sectoral activities denmark (dansk Bygningsarv A /S (2014))

14%

The program Peripheral Areas in Front (Yderområder på Forkant) is introduced by Reladania, Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Affairs (Ministeriet for By, Bolig og Landdistrikter), Nature Agency (Naturstyrelsen) and the Local Government Denmark (KL) / possibility for Municipalities to create longterm strategies on how to develop the area on place-based qualities.

2014 - 2017

2007 - 2012

2006

The report The New Rural Paradigm - Policies and Governance by OECD was launched.

The program The Place Count (Stedet Tæller) by Realdania and Dansk Bygningsarv A/S shows how small scale interventions disseminate place-based qualities, especially nature, in peripheral- and rural areas.

2012

Land of Opportunities (Mulighedernes Land) is launched as a demostration on how to find new directions for future development in peripheral rural areas in Denmark based on place-based interventions (partnership between Realdania, The Municipality of Thisted, The Municipality of Lolland and The Region-municipality of Bornholm).

Ill. 21.1 // Events that has affected the Danish development towards more focus on Blase-based development (Hausenberg et. al, 2012))

CENTRALIZATION Despite the increasing focus on multifunctionality, place-based and nuanced development in rural areas (OECD, 2006; European Commission, 2015), the danish policy- and planning agenda has only to a small extend substantiated these de-centralized development tendencies. Local initiatives and projects are often depended on the national policy agenda and legislation. The bottom-up approach, based on local initiatives, seems to be challenged by a national policy- and planning agenda tending towards a concentration of investments and jobs in and around the larger cities. Furthermore a concentration of governmental jobs in and around the larger cities has underpinned a demographic, social and economic unbalance, which especially challenges peripheral rural areas (Tanvig, 2011; Dybvad, 2015). ODSHERRED TODAY Odsherred reflects the development described above characterized by a shrinking tendency. Especially the demographic aging, the general urbanization, many people outside the labour market, a low level of education, empty buildings and sectoral changes affect the future development of Odsherred - both in relation to the municipal economy, the service structure and the physical environment. A Visions- and development plan 2025 of odsherred, made in relation to the program YderomrĂĽder pĂĽ Forkant (Peripheral areas in front) in corporation with the municipality of Odsherred and The Danish Building legacy (Dansk Bygningsarv), has identified challenges and potentials of Odsherred. Ill. 23.1 illustrates some of the relevant statistics on Odsherred, based on the Visions- and development Plan and Denmarks Statistics (Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014; Statistikbanken, 2015). There are today 32757 inhabitants in Odsherred (statistikbanken, 2015). The population are generally declining. The ill. 23.1 on the next page shows - in the middle of the figure - two demographic scenarios (y 2025 (1)) and (y 2025 (2)): If the general population decline in Odsherred continues, a decrease of 5 % will be actual (scenario (y 2025 (1)). The second scenario has included a positive population growth since 2013, but because of the demographic aging and the increase in number of deaths, the population will still decrease with 0,25 % until 2025 (Y 2025 (2)). Further more, the newcomers are older than the people moving outside Odsherred and it is expected that the population in 2025 in Odsherred will on average be around 4 years older than today (compared with 1,7 nationally) (Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014). The demographic aging are one of the main challenges for Odsherred, why The Visions- and Development Plan recommends to work towards and integrative approach focusing on the advantages from both permanent and seasonal inhabitants over 50 years, especially in relation to the summer cottage areas, that as Denmarks largest summer cottages area counts 10 % of all summer cottages in Denmark (Dansk Bygningsarv, 2014). Furthermore 2000 pensioners has been approved to use their summer cottage for permanent living (Politiken, 2015). Beside the demographic aging and the population decline, only 16,7 % have a higher education (27, 6 % nationally) and 32, 7 % are outside the labour market (26,9 % nationally). Children and youths are decreasing and people are moving into the larger cities in Odsherred, especially NykĂ¸bing Sj. The urbanization within Odsherred has Increased 5,9% (1,3% nationally) from 2007- 2013 (Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014, Odsherred Kommune 2013).

only 16,7 % of people between 25-64 have a higher education (27,6 % in Denmark nationally)

Odsherred contains only 15800 permanent residnece, compared with 26.000 summer cottages

two different projections adresses a population decrease.

The urbanization within Odsherred has Increased 5,9% (1,3% in Denmark) from 20072013

8,9 % of the buildings are empty (6 % in Denmark nationally) 32,7 % of the population are outside the labor market (26,9 % in Denmark nationally) The many cottages make Odsherred to Denmarks largest summer cottage aera and counts 10 % of the Danish summer cottages

DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT UNTILL 2025 The increase in the elderly people and an increased permanent use of summer cottages s pensioneers force a demographic aging.

Ill. 23.1 // Odsherred in numbers - relevant statistics. The black color refer to existing conditions and the blue to future condition

NEW VALUES While the shrinking tendency, aging demography, centralization, urbanization and sectoral changes are challenging Odsherred, the tendencies summarized in The New Rural Paradigm by OECD (2006) seems to direct the future development of Odsherred especially focusing on how to enhance the place-based resources and recreative values in a development process. A renewed focus on the qualities in Odsherred, both among local communities and at the municipal level seems to arise, supported by the Municipal Plan Strategy 2015, the Municipal Plan 2013-2025 and the Visions- and Development Plan 2025 of Odsherred (Odsherred Byråd, 2015; Odsherred Kommune, 2013; Dansk Bygningsarv A/S 2014). Several of the interviews made during the fieldtrip underpin the importance of strong local communities in relation to initiate new projects and create positive development (interviews, Appendix A (2); Appendix A (3); Appendix A (4)). Sometimes it can be difficult to see ‘the forest for the trees’ and Odsherred has renewed their understanding of Odsherred and which values the area contain. The renewed perception has initiated the first idea of a Geopark (Lemkow, 2013; interview appendix A (3); Vejre et al. (Unpublished). AN IDEA OF A GEOPARK - A COMMON FRAME OF STORYTELLING The idea of a Geopark was introduced on a municipal meeting in 2005 and has since been developed into an overall frame of storytelling on place-based resources and development (Lemkow, 2013; Vejre et al. (Unpublished). A Geopark is not a park, but an international development-concept, which describes a territory with particular geological heritage and where the geological footprint has affected the landscape development and the living conditions throughout history. A Geopark is furthermore an experimental territory developing ’Geotourism’ in cooperation with its inhabitants and local enterprises, where the objective is to revitalize the territory as a whole, within a thematic frame, to enhance a positive development of both business, tourism and culture. The projects within the Geopark are based on geological place-based qualities and potentials, but their interest may also be archaeological, ecological, historical, cultural, scientific, educational etc (European geopark networks, 2015). The Geopark Odsherred covers 355 km2, comparable with the territory of the municipality and have four main areas of interest within the frame of the Geopark narrative; Landscape, Culture history, art and local food, which all have a closely link to the geological footprint and the history of Odsherred (ill.25.1) (Lemkow, 2013). The Geopark Odsherred is today approved by both the European (EGN) and the Global Geopark Network (GGN), protected by UNESCO (Vejre et al., (Unpublished)). The concept of Geopark Odsherred has generated a renewed, shared interest for the remarkable landscape and what it contains and provides. Odsherred has used the landscape as a common catalyst for future goals and use the place-based qualities and potentials in the development, which through EGN and GGN is linked to professional networks (Vejre et al, (Unpublished)). Furthermore it became the common identity after the Municipal administrative Reform (Kommunalreform) in 2007. This thesis will use the Geopark Odsherred as a ‘background layer’ and as a frame to which new interventions can connect and refer to. The Geopark is an example on how local initiatives and projects are linked to regional, European and even global networks.

GGN GLOBAL GEOPARK NETWORK

EGN EUROPEAN GEOPARK NETWORK

ILL. 25.1 // The elements of Geopark Odsherred and the relation to the European and Global Geopark Network.

BETWEEN LOCAL AND GLOBAL SPACE The interface between local and global components in the development, can be linked to the research made by sociologist Manuel Castells (1996). He describes how a new network society â&#x20AC;&#x201C; referred to as the Information Age â&#x20AC;&#x201C; has emerged as a result of information technology, socio-economic changes and cultural-social movements. He describes urban spatial forms through the space of place and space of flows, which are inter-related within the urban constellation. Well known that Castells describes urban sociology and urban transformation, some of his observations can be useful in an analysis process of shrinking areas in Denmark, for instance Odsherred, to understand how new place-based development tendencies are linked to regional, national or even global networks, by use of information technology. Space of flows and space of place seems to be two co-existing and interrelated logics that transform the territory into an interface between information technology and physical interaction, by the combination of networks and places (Castells, 1996). The Geopark contains both the space of place by means of physical geosites and space of flows by means of the European and global geopark network. Castells will be used as an analytic- and reflective tool, by searching the co-relation between spaces of place and spaces of flows within existing projects in Odsherred and in relation to new interventions. THE NEO-ENDOGENOUS MODEL To understand the dynamics between local and global space and how local initiatives can be a strategic agent in transformation of rural- and peripheral areas, the Neo-endogenous Model can be useful. The model by Christopher Ray (Ray, 1999 cited in Tanvig, 2012 and Hausenberg, 2008) describes how endogenous (internal) forces of a community are related to exogenous (external) dynamics. The endogenous forces seems as a precondition for development at all, while the exogenous relations are essential for economic and strategic development (Tanvig, 2012; Hausenberg et al., 2008). Ray argues that The rurality has been shaped by a dominance of physical and economic capital, why Ray addresses a need for a more nuanced perception of the rural constellation. The rural areas are not any longer only characterized by the agriculture and managed by one sector. They contains several characteristics, which Ray describes through different capitals; the human, the social, the cultural and the symbolic capital. The capitals can be affected by exogenous forced, but the development will not happen without the endogenous forces - the local initiatives, based on place-based resources and qualities. The focus on The EU LEADER-programme, the Danish Landdistriktprogram (Rural Programme) and The Land of Opportunities (Mulighedernes Land) by Realdania are examples on the Neo-endogenous Model in practice, where local initiatives are linked to municipal, national or European policy, visions or strategic goals. The neo-endogenous model are used as an analytical tool in the thesis and to ensure that the project search linking endogenous and exogenous dynamics in the process towards unfolding the potentials of place-based qualities. SITE REACH This dynamic interrelation between the physical place and its relations, is further described by professor Andrea Kahn. She introduces five concepts of urban site thinking (Mobile Ground, Site Reach, Site Construction, Unbound Sites and Urban constellation), describing the site as a more dynamic and relational construct. The five concepts then challenges the idea of the site as a stable construction and especially the concept Site Reach will be used in the thesis as an analytic tool. Site Reach describes how a site reach out differently depending on the context, scale and the interactions between the site and its surroundings - the reaches of a site depend on extensions of associations and connectivities between the site and its surroundings (Kahn, 2005).

FRAMING PURPOSE On the basis of the understanding of the context, the overall purpose is to investigate possible landscape development potentials in peripheral rural areas, based on ongoing transformation and place-based qualities, with Odsherred as case.

III LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIALS OF ODSHERRED

LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIALS INTRO

Based on the fieldwork, research and literature, the main landscape characteristics and potentials of Odsherred has been identified, aiming to unfold the framing purpose. The analysis are organized in three categories: (1) The natural landscape, (2) the Cultural landscape and (3) the Coastal landscape. (1) The natural landscape consists of the landscape formation shaped by the glaciers, including geological footprint and terrain characteristics. (2) The cultural landscape consists of landscape elements, that has been affected by human activities, including agriculture, reclaimed land, burial mounds, infrastructure and settlement. The cultural landscape could have contained of more elements, but the focus in the thesis is on elements that directly relate to the development potential in the area. (3) The coastal landscape contains both natural and cultural aspects, but because of the dominance of the coastal landscape in Odsherred,it is analysed in its own chapter and contains the coastal dynamics, the transitions and the recreational development. The analysis are using a qualitative approach aiming to clarify the distinctive landscape character of the area and identify the landscape potentials - often the characteristics and the potentials are two correlated elements, why the analysis are focusing on both. Identified catalyst situations are added to the relevant maps, putting small local initiatives and ongoing transformation into a relevant context. The analysis will provide the basis for the definition of the vision.

The painters has been attracted by the remarkable landscape through generations and their paintings are a valuable legacy in relation to storytelling about the history of Odsherred. The paintings will be used in the analysis to illustrate some of the landscape characteristics of Odsherred.

Ill. 31.1 // The landscape of Odsherred has always fascinated poeple, and several painters has been living in Odsherred because of the remarkable landscape. Here illustrated by Holmer Trier (U.Y)

THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE The area of Odsherred contains some of the most varied glacial landscapes in denmark, formed during the Weichsel Ice Age, 17.000 years ago (ill. 33.1). Glacial depressions, moraines and raised seabed is the main geological element in Odsherred and is the foundation of the natural landscape and the basis for the development of the cultural landscape (Lemkow, 2013, interview appendix A (2), appendix A (3)). The geological footprint with its variation and contrast is one of the main landscape potentials of Odsherred, why the geology also is the main element in Geopark Odsherred.

THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE FORMATION

A // THE GLACIAL PHASE

B // THE LITTORINA PHASE

C // PRESENT Ill. 33.1 // Interpretation of the landscape formation of Odsherred throughout history, based on Milthers (1900), after Kr端ger (2006), showed and cited in (Geopark Odsherred, 2014). (a) The end of Weichsels Ice Age (from c. 117.000 to 11.500 years before present), where the glaciers are moving forward and push the moraine edge. In front of the glaciers, outwash plains are developed. (B) Odsherred in the Littorina Ocean period (from c. 9000 to 8000 years before present), where only the highest areas not are covered by the ocean. (C) The marine areas (marint forland) are visible because of land uplift. Furthermore the reclaimed land has expanded the area with 20 %.

THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE GEOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

The map shows the main geological typologies which is present today; the morrain, the dead ice landscape and the raised seabed. Within each typology, there is a varity of sub-typologies, which is more or less affected by natural and cultural processes, for instance dunes and heaths. Reclaimed land will be included in the chapter ‘the Cultural Landscape’. During the fieldwork, 3 catalyst situations was identified in direct relation to the geology. Furthermore the whole Geopark consider the geology, why it is one of the main landscape potentials in ODsherred (Interview, Appendix A (2); appendix A (3)).

ESTERHØJ / ONGOING PROJECT ON STAGING ONE OF THE GEOSITE MASK PARK / GEOKIDS TEST-PROJECT

EMPTY BUILDING / SKAMLEBÆK RADIO STATION / POSSIIBLE FUTURE GEO CENTER, OUTWASH PLAIN

MORAINE RAISED SEABED, INCLUDING HEATH AND DUNE DEAD ICE LANDSCAPE CATALYST SITUATION Ill. 34.1 // The different typologies in the landscape formation of odsherred

THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE TERRAIN

J HØ

ARC H

VEJ

VIG

HØJB

Y A RC

The map shows the terrain curves and visualize the variation and contrasts in the landscape of Odsherred. The three ‘Odsherred Arches’ (Odsherredbuerne) (Vejrhøj Arch, Vig Arch, Højby Arch) is marked to clarify the significance of the moraine edge (Randmoræne) in the landscape, which is one of the strongest landscape characteristics in the landscape. Ill. 35.1 underpin the strong visual character of the Odsherred-arches. The contrasting landscape is marked as a catalyst situation identified during the fieldwork and it is assessed that the contrasting landscape is a potential in relation to storytelling on the remarkable landscape.

KOTE 121

CONTRASTING LANDSCAPE BETWEEN THE LAMME FIORD AND THE MORRAIN

KOTE -7,5m

CATALYST SITUATION Ill. 35.1 // Terrain

THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE The landscape of odsherred reflects a long story of human activities. The connection between the geological footprint and the landuse is clear: the agriculture on the moraine plains and the reclaimed land with easy access; grazing on the low-accessible hills and heathland; summer cottages on the poor sandy soils along the coast; the villages in between the fields and the grazing areas and; burial mounds on top of the hills, closest to the sun (Lemkow, 2013; Interview, appendix a (3)) The establishment of the railway in 1901 and the arise of the recreation, has started a transformation of the former use and layout of the landscape in Odsherred. The villages started to be developed into station- and service cities for the agriculture (Hørve, Asnæs, Grevinge, Vig) and the open coastal landscape with heathland turned into recrative summer cottage areas and pine forest (Odsherred Kommune, 2012; Lemkow, 2013; Interview, appendix a (2); appendix a (3)). The summer cottages areas will be analysed in the section ‘The Coastal Landscape’.

Ill. 37.1 // Ejar Nielsen, Faarevejle Canal with agricultural land and burial Mounds, 1944

Agricultural landscape

Burial mounds

THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AGRICULTURE

As the map shows, the agricultural land takes up the most of the area of Odsherred, why it is a very visible character in the landscape. The location of the agriculture, mainly on the inland, is based on the geological footprint. The moraine and the reclaimed land provide the basis for the agriculture, while the poor sandy soil along the coast are almost uncultivated. The conventional farmers takes up the most of the agricultural land, but the niche production with high quality local food and the organic farming contains the most potential in relation to branding and development. The local food is furthermore a part of the Geopark Odsherred and several foods are Geopark-certified. An interview with the nature consultant Jørgen Stoltz underpin the potential within the farming, if they contributes themselves (Interview appendix A (2)).

SEVERAL ORGANIC FARMERS, USING THE BENEFITS FROM THE COSTAL LOCATION ON ‘ODDEN’.

ORGANIC PIG FARM

GEOPARK-BRANDET AND -CERTIFIED FOOD PRODUCTION ON THE LAMME FIORD

CHILDREN FOOD PROJECT (HØRVE) IN COORPORATION WITH FARMERS ON THE LAMME FIORD

CATALYST SITUATION Ill. 38.1 // Agriculture

THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE RECLAMED LAND

The reclaimed land is a very significant landscape element. The flat agricultural land contrast the moraines and is mapped as a catalyst situation. Especially the flat Lamme Fiord (5500 ha), which was reclaimed from 1875-1941 (fritzbĂ¸ger, 2009) stands out and provide today the basis for high quality local food production. Furthermore the reclaimed land is a strong narrative on the cultural history, why it is assesed as a landscape potential, especially in relation to the Geopark.

KLINT LAKE HOV INLET

BIRD SANCTURY / PLACE-BASED STORYTELLING

SIDINGE FIORD

LAMME FIORD CONTRASTING LANDSCAPE EMBANKMENT

CATALYST SITUATION Ill. 39.1 // Reclaimed land

THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE ANCIENT MONUMENTS

Ancient monuments are very visible in the landscape and document the high present of human activities during the bronze age 1700-500 b.c (interview appendix (3)). Most of them are placed on the top of hills or in the forest, why the map below shows the burial mounds in relation to the terrain and the forest. The burial mounds are relevant elements in the Geopark in relation to the cultural history and because of the strong visual typology in the current landscape, they are identified as a landscape potential in relation to storytelling of the cultural history.

THE FINDING OF THE CHARIOT OF THE SUN (SOLVOGNEN) TRUNDHOLM MOSE

ESTERHØJ, STAGING THE SITE

VEJRHØJ, ACCESS THROUGH AGRICULTURAL FIELDS

ANCIENT MONUMENTS FORREST CATALYST SITUATIONS

Ill. 40.1 // Ancient monuments

THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE RAILWAY AND SETTLEMENT

The illustration shows today’s main settlement structures with a specific focus on stations- and service cities and main villages. The settlement is showed together with the overall infrastructure. The agriculture has directed both the settlement and the location of the railway on the inland. Very few villages or cities are placed along the coast, even though Odsherred is surrounded by the ocean to the east, west and north. The Stations- and Service cities are challenged by the shrinking tendency, loss of job and few public amenities, but strong communities and alternative settlement create a basis for development (catalyst situations) and are identified as possible future development potentials.

HAVNEBYERN

RØRVIG

LUMSÅS

NYKØBING SJ.

ONGOING SHOWCASE PROJECT ON LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION IN ODSHERRED HØJBY

NR. ASMINDRUP

VIG

FRI & FRO / NEW SUSTAINABLE SETTLEMENT NEW IT- AND ENTREPRENEUR HOUSE

ASNÆS

HERRESTRUP

FÅREVEJLE KIRKEBY

GREVINGE

FÅREVEJLE STATIONSBY

HØRVE

STATIONS- AND SERVICE SITIES MAIN VILLAGES CATALYST SITUATIONS Ill. 41.1 // Stations- and Service cities together with the main villages

THE COASTAL LANDSCAPE Odsherred is mainly surrounded by the ocean, because of the location in the northwestern corner of Sealand; SejerĂ¸ Bay to the west, Kattegat to the North, Ise Fjord to the east and HolbĂŚk Municipality in south.

The 157 km long coastline in Odsherred contains a diverse landscape, affected by both natural and cultural processes. The coastal landscape are analysed in its own chapter because it constitutes one of the main characters of Odsherred and contains several development potentials.

ill. 43.1 // Lauritz Hartz, coastal landscape at Ordrup NĂŚs, 1947 43

THE COASTAL LANDSCAPE COASTAL DYNAMICS

Both natural and cultural processes has affected the coastline. The landscape formation has created the basis for the natural coastal layout. Different sedimentation has shaped a diverse coastline with both vegetation, sand, stones and cliffs. Wind and streams continue a coastal transformation in a dynamic process to the east, north and west. The cultural impacts are mainly the reclaimed land (ill. 39.1) and the development of fishing- and ferry harbours. The diagrams below (44.1; 44.2; 45.1; 45.2) illustrate the changing coastline from the 1700 to present. Two examples visualize how natural and cultural processes has affected the coastline (catalyst situations); (1) Korevlerne by natural forces and (2) Lamme Fiord by cultural forces. The coastal dynamics seems as a strong narrative on natural and cultural processes, why it is assessed that the coastline is an impotant element in relation to landscape development.

ZOOM KOREVLERNE

Ill. 44.1 // Odsherred 1768

Ill. 44.2 // Odsherred 1862-1899 (HĂ¸je MĂĽlebordsblade)

COASTAL DYNAMICS AT KORSHAGE/SKANSEHAGE

1 COASTAL DYNAMICS AT KOREVLERNE

2 EMBANKMENT

Ill. 45.1 // Odsherred 1928-1945 (Lave m책lebordsblade)

Ill. 45.2 // Odsherred 2015

CATALYTIC SITUATIONS AREAS OF INTEREST

THE COASTAL LANDSCAPE TRANSITIONS

The diverse coastal landscape of Odsherred consist of a variety of transitions, affected by both natural and cultural forces. The natural transitions are illustrated diagrammatically below, while the cultural transitions are illustrated on the next page. Fishing activities in ancient time has started a cultural transformation of the coastal landscape, by establishment of small fishing hamlets and settlement. Later it has developed into larger fishing- and ferry harbours and the settlement has increased. The diversity within the coastal transitions is a strong landscape characteristic and is assessed as a possible potential in relation to coastal development.

NATURAL TRANSITIONS

VEGETATION

SAND

STONE

CLIFF

Ill. 46.1 // Natural Transitions

CULTURAL TRANSITIONS

SMALL HAMLET

FISHING HABOUR

FERRY HARBOUR

EMBANKMENT

Ill. 47.1 // Cultural Transitions

THE COASTAL LANDSCAPE

RECREATIONAL TRANSFORMATION

In Odsherred, as well as in Denmark, The Rural Reforms (Landboreformerne), from 1750-1810, led to one of the main changes in the landscape, also in relation to the coastal landscape, where the first settlement on the previous common grassland along the coast occurred on the basis of Rural Reforms. The former common use of land was transformed into a structured intensification to achieve as much agricultural land as possible, mainly because of economic and demographic growth, which has derived an increased demand for food production (Fritzbøger, 2009). The landscape was open, the wind strong and the soil sandy and poor – the livelihood was based on several businesses and the forthcoming summer guest became an important source of income (Strandgaard, 1990, Strandgaard, 1990b). In the end of the 1800s the perception of the open coastal heathland as poor agricultural land began to change, on the basis of the arise of the recreation. The Odsherred painters began to represent the new way of perceive and use the coastal landscape through their painting (ill.49.1; ill. 49.2). Small hotels close to the beach and private guest-houses was some of the first recreational elements in the first decades of the 1900s. As the ill. 50.1 on the next double page shows, Odsherred was already in 1910 a recognized recreational area around Rørvig and Nykøbing Sj. The Law of Holiday in 1938 increased the possibilities to spend time away from the city and the everyday work. Ill. 50.2 illustrates the coastal settlement (cities and summer cottage areas) and the level of recreational use along the coastal landscape in 1966: the illustration addresses that Odsherred contains several areas with a possible intensive recreative use and many of the areas are located in front of the summer cottage areas. Step by step, the coastal landscape was turned into a recreational landscape with beach hotels, summer cottages and campsites. Ill. 51.1 shows the layout of the summer cottage areas today, which since the first cottage pioneers arrived, have developed into Denmark’s largest summer cottage area. In contrast to the agriculture, the cottage areas are located along the coast, close to recreational values and access to the ocean. Beside the recreational use of the coastal landscape, the many summer cottages have privatized the coastal landscape and minimized the public access to the landscape, but they still provide the basis for holiday and leisure and seems to contain a potential, both in relation to cultural, recreational and economic aspects.

Ill. 49.1 // Life on the Beach by Victor Brockdorff, U.Y.

Ill. 49.2 // Biking summer guests by Victor Brockdorff, 1935

THE COASTAL LANDSCAPE

RECREATIONAL TRANSFORMATION

// 1910

5-10 GUESTHOUSES 1-5 GUESTHOUSES SUMMER COTTAGE AREAS

// 1966

COAST FOR INTENSIVE RECREATIVE USE * COAST FOR EXTENSIVE RECREATIVE USE * UNSUITABLE COAST COASTAL SETTLEMENT (CITIES) COASTAL SETTLEMENT (SUMMER COTTAGE AREAS) * (WHITE CIRCLES IN FRONT OF SUMMER COTTAGE AREAS)

Ill. 50.1 // Bathing Hotels (Badehoteller) and summer Guesthouses in 1910 (Sommerpensionater)

Ill. 50.2 // Beach Quality and Coastal Settlement in 1966

// 2015

BEACHSTATION / DEMO PROJECT ON BEACH FACILITIES / THE MUNICIPALITY OF ODSHERRED

YDERBY LYNG

NØRREVANG

REDEFINITION OF A CAMPSITE

RØRVIG LÅMSÅS STRAND OVERBY LYNG

KLINT NORDSTRAND KLINTEHUSE

STENSTRUP LYNG

NAKKELYNG ØSTERLYNG

VESTERLYNG

TENGSLEMARK LYNG GUDMINDRUP LYNG

NAKKEHAGE

HØJBY LYNG

ELLINGE LYNG BØSSERUP HUSE VIG LYNG HØNSINGE LYNG

ENGLANDSHUSENE

JYDERUP LYNG

HØVE STRAND ORDRUP NÆS REDEFINITION OF THE CLASSIC KIOSK BY USE OF LOCAL FOOD, ORDRUP

VEDDINGE BAKKER

ABILDØRE

SKAMLEBÆK ATTERUP

ASNÆS TOFTEVANG

STRANDLY GUNDESTRUP PLEJERUP HUSE

SUMMER COTTAGE AREAS CATALYST SITUATIONS

Ill. 51.1 // Summer Cottage Areas in Odsherred 2015

SWOT

SUMMERIZING THE RESEARCH

STRENGTHS

// Remarkable Landscape // Geopark // Recreative values // Quality food // Culture and art // Local engagement // Silence and piecefullness

WEAKNESSES

// Difficult to read the geopark in the landscape // Inaccessible landscapes and geosites (42 geosites) // Many small attractions - few large // Dilapidated cities and empty buildings (8,9 % of the buildings are empty)

OPPORTUNITIES

// Denmark largest summer cottage area as an economic and social potential (26.000 summer cottages) // The Coastal landscape as a resource (157 km coast) // Accessibility to the landscape // Tourism potential (counts 6,6 % of the municipal economy (counts 1,9 % in Denmark)) // Enhance the distribution of local quality food // Development of geosites - accessibility and visibility // Alternative settlement

THREATS

// Demographic aging (average age 46,9 years (40,9 years in Denmark)) // Shrinking tendency (possible - 5 % until 2025) // Urbanization (Increased 5,9 % within Odsherred (1,3 % in Denmark) from 2007-2013) // Centralization // Sectoral and structural changes // Welfare society in change // Decrease in children and young people // Low level of education (16,7 % have a higher education (27,6 in Denmark)) // Increased permanent living in summer cottage areas (2000 pensioners)

SUMMERIZING THE ANALYSIS

IN BETWEEN CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALS In relation to the fieldwork and research, that link to the tendencies summarized in The New Rural Paradigm by OECD (2006) and the second Pillar of CAP (ill.18.1) (European Commission, 2012), the SWOT analysis summarize the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of Odsherred. The shrinking tendency with its demographic decline is one of the major threats of Odsherred, forced by the global, national and regional development according to urbanization and centralization. Dilapidated cities, empty buildings and many houses for sale are some of the visual realities in the current landscape. Both villages and stations- and service cities are in change, but strong local communities are persistent and believe in the local development. New types of settlement seems to appear focusing on sustainable living and the collective. Several of the interviews document a strong collectivity and point to the importance of strong communities (interview, Appendix A (2), A (4)). The landscape of Odsherred contains remarkable characteristics with several recreative values, but the agriculture challenges the accessibility and recreative infrastructure. The significant geology and its impact on culture history, art and local food production, is the basis of the Geopark Odsherred, which today is approved by UNESCO and is a part of a Global and European Geopark network. Today Odsherred produces some of the best local high quality food in Denmark, for instance in relation to the Lamme Fiord, but many smallscale farms and farmshops make the distribution of the local food difficult, even though many restaurants and hotels would like to integrate the local food in their business. The 42 geo-attractions in a de-central structure makes it difficult to read the landscape and find the attractions, why a focus on staging the sites is relevant. The Geopark work as a common narrative that direct development from local to global scale. Both the Space of Place and the Space of Flows are present. Tourism counts 6,6 % of the total municipal economy and is an important economic, cultural and social driver. The 157 km long coastline provides a variety of beaches, but few activities and amenities. The coast are dominated by Denmarkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest summer cottage areas and counts more than 26000 summer cottages. The many summer cottages challenge the public access to the coastal nature, but contains at the same time relevant development possibilities. Odsherred is Copenhagenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s backyard with restorative and recreational qualities, but low public accessibility, few amenities and few activities and meeting places in the summer cottage areas and along the coast challenge the attractiveness. The increase in pensioners living permanently in their summer cottages, generate a possible extension of the tourist season. Even though they might be a municipal expense in the long run, they seems as a potential in relation to especially social and cultural aspects. The SWOT analysis then addresses that Odsherred is situated in between challenges and potentials and in between local and global aspects. The Geopark, Alternative settlement, the summer cottage areas and the coast seems to be the main possible potentials to develop, why the next chapter will describe the definition of the vision on the basis of the previous chapters.

IV DEFINING AND EXPLORING THE VISION

DEFINING THE VISION WHY

The 157 km coastal landscape of Odsherred has been trough a remarkable transformation from open grasslands to large scale summer cottage areas and recreation. The recreative values and the tourism potentials within the coast and the summer cottage areas, has since the beginning of the 1900s been important in relation to the development and the economy of Odsherred. As Denmark’s largest summer cottage area with 26000 summer cottages (10 % of all summer cottages in Denmark), the many seasonal tourists and the returning summer cottage owners are important resources in the Municipality of Odsherred. They create a basis for ‘everyday’ tourism, experiences, business and retailing. Furthermore the summer cottage areas take up 15 % of the land in Odsherred (ill. 57.1). The Municipality of Odsherred is together with Fanø and Bornholm, the municipalities where tourism has the most economic impact. In Odsherred the tourism constitute 6,6% of the total economy (1,9% in general in Denmark) and contribute with 150-200 mio kr. to the revenue, including both tourists and summer cottage guests. Even a small extension of the stay in Odsherred will provide a significant positive impact to the municipal economy and create jobs. Furthermore the tourists and summer cottages guests contribute to both cultural and social aspects (Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014). The possibility as pensioners to use the summer cottage as permanent housing has generated an extension of the main tourist season and a more frequently use of the summer cottage areas (Politiken, 2015). The position relative close to Copenhagen and Aarhus (by ferry) and the lower prices on summer cottage areas (compared with the northern sealand) makes a summer cottage in Odsherred accessible for more people. Furthermore the renewing of the Route 21 has improved the accessibility by car (Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014). At the other hand over 700 summer houses are for sale in Odsherred (Home, 2015), the connectivity in relation to the summer cottage areas is low and only few public spaces and amenities - if any - are a part of the areas. The summer cottage areas are generally built as closed entities with low connection to its surrounding, which generate a car-depended infrastructure. Furthermore the public transport are relative inaccessible in relation to the summer cottage areas. The tourists and summer cottage owners address a need for more activities, amenities and public spaces for socializing (Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014; Odsherred Kommune, 2015c). The many beaches in close relation to the summer cottage areas are some of the best Danish beaches, but they provide very few activities and amenities, why they in combination with the summer cottage areas have a potential for future development. The Danish Growth plan for Danish Tourism (Danmark i arbejde - Vækstplan for dansk turisme) addresses the importance of the coastal landscape in relation to tourism and as a catalyst for local development in peripheral rural areas (Erhvervs- og Vækstministeriet, 2014). The Nature Plan Denmark (Naturplan Danmark) support the position of nature and recreation as a key element in peripheral rural areas to achieve development (Miljøministeriet, 2014). Furthermore the Visions- and Development Plan of Odsherred 2025, the Municipal Plan Strategy 2015 and the municipal Plan 2013-2025 points to the importance of attractive summer cottage areas with recreational infrastructure, activities, public spaces and amenities (Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014; Odsherred Byråd, 2015, Odsherred kommune 2013). To increase the economic, cultural, social and recreational value of the coastal summer cottage areas of Odsherred, it is necessary to redefine what future coastal summer cottage areas of Odsherred should contain and provide, why...

VISION

DISADVANTAGES

...the vision of this thesis is to investigate the development of the coastal summer cottage landscape and, by a re-definition of an existing camp-site, create a new focal point based on place-based resources and ongoing initiatives to achieve a positive impact on the future development of the coastal summer cottage area.

CLOSED ENTITIES LOW ACCESSABILITY FEW PUBLIC MEETING PLACES FEW PUBLIC AMENITIES

ADVANTAGES

DENMARKS LARGEST SUMMER COTTAGE AREA

URBAN AREAS

NATURE- AND RECREATIONAL VALLUES

ECONOMIC, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL RESSOURCES

TOURISM POTENTIALS

26.000 SUMMER COTTAGES

SUMMER COTTAGE AREAS

RURAL AREAS

15%

82%

Ill. 57.1 Advantages and disadvantages in relation to the summer cottage areas in Odsherred

PLANNING AND LEGISLATION

THE COASTAL LANDSCAPE AND SUMMER COTTAGE AREAS To explore the vision, a presentation of relevant legislation and management within the coastal landscape, are described. The thesis will be aware of the legislation, but will mainly use it as a object for discussion on what to plan for in coastal summer cottage areas. DANISH PLANNING AND LEGISLATION The Danish coastal landscape contains a valuable nature- and culture legacy and provide space for recreation. 40 % of the Danish population live in coastal areas and the most of the Danish summer cottage areas are located along the coast (Miljøministeriet, 2010). Both a protection of the coastal landscape and a possible access to the resources and the experiences in the coastal landscape, are important. Throughout history different laws has created the basis for the present landscape, characterized by large areas without settlement. Ill. 59.1 is a historical overview of the different laws, which have affected the coastal landscape since the beginning of the 1900s. The Danish planning Act (Planloven) with its (basically) 3 km Coastal Proximity Zone (Kystnærhedszonen) and the Law of Nature Protection (Naturbeskyttelsesloven) with its (basically) 300m Beach Protection Line (Strandbeskyttelseszonen) (100m in relation to summer cottage areas) is today the main elements in the regulation of the coastal landscape. While the Coastal Proximity Zone is a planning zone and requires a specific planning justification (særlig planlægningsmæssig begrundelse), the Beach Protection Line is a Prohibitive zone. In relation to the summer cottage areas, the Law of summer cottage areas is relevant. Ill 60.1 presents the most relevant legislation within the vision. EUROPEAN COASTAL MANAGEMENT The legislation of the coastal areas in Denmark has throughout history been focusing on landward activities. The seaward activities are included in different legislation and are managed by different sectors and authorities (Anker et al, 2014). In EU they have been working with Integrated Coastal Management (ICZM) to achieve a more integrative approach on coastal management, taking both landward and seaward activities into consideration. The many stakeholders and authorities within the coastal zone, has created a pressure on the coastal resources, why the ICZM aims for a sustainable use of the coastal zone in order to achieve both economic use of the resources, protection of the natural- and cultural legacy and ecologically balance. Within the ICZM there are described 8 principles, which planning and management in the coastal zone should follow (ill.58.1). The ICZM help coordinate and prioritize the coastal activities and projects. Odsherred has been a part of the project Sustainable Coastal Development (SUSCOD) from 2009-2013 and has established a web based tool for integrative coastal management (ICZM-assistant). The municipality has followed up on the SUSCOD project with a Coastal Management Plan that follows the 8 ICZM-principles. The Plan is under development (Anker et al, 2014; Andreasen, 2015). The ICZM approach might be relevant in relation to the thesis and will be discussed further in the discussion.

1 // 2 // 3 // 4 // 5 // 6 // 7 // 8 //

The 8 principles of Integrated Coastal Zone Management

A broad ‘holistic’ perspective (thematic and geographic) A long term perspective (ensure that decisions taken today do not foreclose options for the future) Adaptive management during a gradual process (integrated planning and management is a process that develops and evolves – good information provision is basis) Reflect local specificity Work with natural processes Participatory planning Support & involvement of all relevant administrative bodies Use of a combination of instruments (Anker et al., 2014)

Ill 58.1 // The 8 principles of integrated coastal Zone management

1917

The Nature Conservation Law (Naturfredningsloven)

1937

The Nature Conservation Law (Naturfredningsloven)

1949

Law of City Regulation (Byreguleringsloven)

1969

Law on curban- and rural zones (Lov om by- og landzoner)

1977

Summer Cottage Circular (Sommerhuscikulæret)

1981

Holiday- and leisure circular (Ferie- og Fritidscirkulæret)

1991

The Coastal Circular (Kystcirkulæret)

1994

The Coastal Law (Kystloven)

2004

The Danish Planning Act (Planloven)

2007

The Danish Planning Act (Planloven) (The structural reform - strukturreformen)

2010

The Danish Planning Act (Planloven)

2015

Election (june)

Public access to the beach

The first general protection of the coast: 100 m beach protection line

Regulation of landuse to minimize sprawl

Introduction of zoning: urban-, rural- and summer cottages zones aiming for minimizing sprawl in the country (det åbne land)

Bans on designation of new summer cottage areas in coastal areas

Introduction of a protection zone (3 km). Requiremetns on regional reflections before planning for holiday- and leisure constructions.

Introduction of the term Coastal Proximity Zone (Kystnærhedszonen) - 3 km. Ensuring the nature- and landscape ressources through planning and administration.

The Coastal Circular was implemented in the Danish Planning Act (Planloven). Expansion of the Beach Protection Line from 100 to 300m (Law of Nature Protection (Naturbeskyttelsesloven)). Continuation of the Coastal Proximity Zone as a planning zone and bans on new sommer cottage areas.

Change of the Danish Planning Act. New posibility to designate new summer cottage areas within a more detailed planning and argumentation.

Planning and regulation in coastal zones are moved from the regions to the municipalities (the municipal plan).

Change in the Danish Planning Act (Planloven). Improved possibilities for peripheral rural areas to plan in rural zones (Landzone)

The new government adresses a libaralization of the Danish Planning Act, including an easing of the The Coastal Proximity Zone

Ill 59.1 // Historical overview on the legislation within the coastal areas (Miljøministeriet, 2010)

PLANNING AND LEGISLATION

SUMMER COTTAGE AREAS AND COASTAL LANDSCAPES

COASTAL AREAS

PURPOSE

Danish Ministry of the Environment (Miljøministeriet)

The Danish Planning Act (Planloven)

Law of Nature Protection (Naturbeskyttelsesloven)

law of Summer Cottage Areas (sommerhusloven)

§ 1. The Act shall ensure that the overall planning synthesizes the interests of society with respect to land use and contributes to protecting the country’s nature and environment, so that sustainable development of society with respect for people’s living conditions and for the conservation of wildlife and vegetation is secured.

§ 1. The Act shall contributes to protect the country’s nature and environment, so that sustainable development of society with respect for people’s living conditions and for the conservation of wildlife and vegetation is secured

The purpose of this act is to avoid inappropriate pressure on the country’s rekreative areas, by controlling the use and the business- and longterm rental posibilities of the summer cottages

chapter 2a, planning in coastal areas (especially §5a (Coastal areas has to be kept clear of constructions, that not are dependent on a coastal location) and §5a, stk. 3 about regulations on the coastal zone (kystnærhedszonen)) and §5b stk.1 (It is prohibited to transfer land to an urban zone or to conduct planning for development in a rural zone unless there is a specific planning-related or functional justification for location near the coast.)

Chapter 2, General protection regulations (especially §3 about nature protection in relation to typology and §15-19 about nature protection lines in relation to the beach (strandbeskyttelseslinien), forrest, Ancient monuments and churchs)

No specific regulations on coastal areas

Chapter 4, public access to the nature

chapter 4, Municipal planning, especially §11a nr. 11 (planning in relation to land use in the coastal zone)

SUMMER COTTAGE AREAS

chapter 5, local planning

chapter 2a, planning in coastal areas (especially §5b nr.3 (It is prohibited to designate new summer cottage areas, and existing summer cottage areas shall be maintained for holiday and leisure purposes))

No specific regulations on summer cottage areas

chapter 1-4 about use, rental- and camping permissions

chapter 4, Municipal planning (especailly § 11a nr.1 (The municipal Plan shall contain requirements on designation on areas to urban zones (byzone and Summer cottage areas) chapter 5, local planning chapter 7, Zoning (definition on Summer Coattage areas) chapter 8, Summer Cottage Areas (use and stay, including permanent use for pensioneers) Ill 60.1 // Relevant Danish legislation in relation to coastal zones and summer cottage areas

PLANNING AND REGULATION ODSHERRED

The map shows Odsherred and the Coastal Zone, the Beach Protection Line and the Summer Cottage Areas to illustrate how much Odsherred is affected by the landwrad regulation on coastal- and summer cottage aeras. Furthermore the map illustrates that almost all summer cottages areas are placed within the coastal zone (kystnærkedszonen), while the beach protection line (strandbeskyttelseslinien) mostly are placed in front of the summer cottage areas.

COTTAGE AREAS COASTAL PROXIMITY ZONE (KYSTNÆRHEDSZONE) BEACH PROTECTION LINE (STRANDBESKYTTELSESLINIE)

Ill X // The coastal proximity Line and the Beach Protection Line in Odsherred, showed together with the summer cottage aeras

EXISTING DEVELOPMENT VISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS COTTAGE AREAS AND COASTAL LANDSCAPES

Several development initiatives has been initiated in coastal areas and within the summer cottage areas. The figures on this dobbeltpage present both European, national and municipal initiatives, that is relevant for the further proces and at the same time can work as inspiration for the design interventions.

Nature plan Denmark (Naturplan Danmark) By the Danish Government 2014 Visons on a greener and more diverse Denmark, including connectivity among green areas ... for communities + Better opportunities through nature experiences and outdoor activities. + Equal access to nature. + More volunteers in nature. + Connection between cycling routes. + Nature within the gardens + Denmark’s first national policy on outdoor activities and recreation

Danish Ministry of the Environment (Miljøministeriet) The nature agnecy (Naturstyrelsen)

Erhvervs- og erhvervsogVækstministeriet Vækstministeriet

National Outdoor Policy (Danmarks Friluftspolitik) By the Danish Government 2015 Visions, ideas and recommondations on outdoor activities and recreation

+ Enhance communities and engagement through outdoor activities and -recreation. + Outdoor activities and recreation for everybody. + Nature as a learning environment. + Enhance health and life quality through outdoor activities and recreation. + Enhance growth and create jobs through outdoor activities and recreation. + Use the nature as a driver. + Create innovative outdoor activities and recreation.

Growthplan for danish tourism (Vækstplan for dansk turisme) by the Danish government in 2014 Visions and recommondations on tourism development and -growth, including Coastal- and nature tourism. + Better exploit of nature, as an active part of the tourism, including the national parks. + Development of Cycling Tourism. + Strength of small scale tourism + Strengthen the general digital infrastructure, including summercottage areas + Simplification of rules

S US COD SUSTAINABLE COASTAL MANAGEMENT

+ Odsherred participates with a proposal on two coastal paths aiming for better acces to the coastal landscape and to create recreational infrastructure

Ill. 62-63.1 (both pages) // Existing development visions and recommendations (erhvervs- og vækstministeriet, 2014; Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014; Odsherred Kommune, 2013; Odsherred kommune, 2015b; Odsherred Kommune, 2015c, Miljøministeriet 2014, Miljøministeriet 2015)

S US COD SUSTAINABLE COASTAL MANAGEMENT

ODSHERRED CAMPING NORDSTRAND

SUSCOD Project, including Coastal Management Plan

VisitOdsherred Asnæs Maskinsnedkeri Aps

Municipal Plan 2013-2025

Development goals on cottage areas, recreation and coastal areas

+ Enhance the existing summer cottage areas, by taken the tourism, recreation, public access and especially the nature qualities into consideration. + Considering the Cottage owners as ‘speartime’-inhabitants and develop a tourism strategy based on their recommendations, aiming to extend the main season. + Expanding the accommodation possibilities. + Create accessable landscapes and better connectivity. + Develop the tourism with a specific focus recreation and the coastal ressources. + Creating meetingplaces and posibilities for leisure and movement, in the landscapes nearby the cities.

Integrated Coastal Zone management

ODSHERRED KOMMUNE

Municipality of Odsherred

F D M Camping

+ Integration of landward and seaward activties. + Sector integration. + Help prioritize and coordinate coastal activities and stakeholders. + Based on the ecosystem approach. + Take both economic, natural and cultural aspects into consideration.

SOL.dk (sommerhusrådet for Odsherreds Landliggere)

Project- and development Fund Visions- and development plan Odsherred 2025

Development recommendations on cottage areas

+ Hold and integrate the ‘speartime-citizens’. + Keep the landscape qualities and recreative values. + Prevent transformation towards villa gardens. + Create connections to the surroundings. + Create meeting places and public amenities. + Enhance the biking- and walking facilities and invite people to stay. + Improve the digital infrastructure.

+ The purpose is to initiate projects that can sustain and develop Odsherred as an attractive recreation- and cottage municipality. + SOL gives the opportunity to apply for 50.000kr for initiation of concrete projects

Dialog-project

Reinforce the dialog between the municipality and the secound house owners + Catalog on development ideas in cottage areas

V D E F I N I N G A N D A N A LY S I N G THE INTERVENTION SPOT

CATALYST SITUATIONS Both European, national and municipal initiatives presented above, addresses the importance of the coastal landscape and its potential for positive economic, social and cultural development. The majority of the summer cottage areas in Odsherred are located along the coast, and two specific catalyst situation, identified through the fieldwork has created a focus on the summer cottage area of Nordstrand. Furthermore the location close to the main city NykĂ¸bing Sj. are relevant. The catatlyst situations are the starting point for the further process. The first identified catalyst situation is a Beach Station (ill. 66.1). The municipality of Odsherred has started a project on better beach facilities. A former kiosk and toilet are removed and a new Beach Station, which include toilet, shower, lockers, wi-fi and a view point, are placed on Nordstrand Beach as a prototype. The Beach Station is the starting point of a renewed perception of the beaches in Odsherred focusing on high quality facilities and more activities. (Interview, Appendix A (6)). The Nature Agency (Naturstyrelsen) are relative positive about the Beach Station because it takes the context into account. The beach Station is placed in the dunes, integrated in the landscape. Beside the Beach Station, the municipality has no future planning recommendation on the area of Nordstrand as a whole (interview, appendix a (6)). In addition to the Beach Station, new owners (2014) of Odsherred Campsite (ill. 66.2) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; which is located in Nordstrand - has started a re-definition of the classical campsite and try to work towards a more integrative approach, where the campsite are open to the public. Running, gymnastics and biking are introduces as new activities and benches are placed on the former parking area in front of the reception to create a new meeting place. The former kiosk and grill are change into a small shop with local food from Odsherred (Interview, appendix a (5)). The thesis consider both the Beach Station and the new initiatives at the campsite as a catalysts for the area of Nordstrand. While the campsite has the potential to be a new focal point in the area with activities, accommodation and local food, the Beach Station seems to direct the development toward more activities and amenities at the beach, supported by the municipality. The thesis will use the camp site as the main focus and continue the idea of a redefinition of the classical danish campsite into a new focal point for both summer cottage guests, tourist and permanent inhabitants. In the following Nordstrand and the campsite will be analysed. The illustrations on the next page map both the area of Nordstrand, the campsite and the beach station.

Ill 66.1 // The Beach Station

Ill 66.2 // Odsherred Campsite

BEACH STATION

B EA

EC R OT

TIO

N LI

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE IN THE AREA OF NORDSTRAND

NORDTRAND SUMMER COTTAGE AREA

OTHER SUMMER COTTAGE AREAS

NYKØBING SJ. NYKØBING SJ.

Ill 67.1

NORDSTRAND

CURRENT CONDITIONS - OVERVIEW The picture gives an impression of the area of Nordstrand, where the beach, the dunes, the plantation and the forest are represented. The summer cottages are placed within the plantation and the forest. On the next pages the different overall landscape typologies are described.

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE THE FOREST

THE PLANTATION

THE BEACH STATION THE DUNES

THE OCEAN

NORDSTRAND

CURRENT CONDITIONS - LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGIES The thesis will focus on the 4 main landscape typologies, identified through the fieldwork. The typologies are defined by their spatiality and the vegetation composition. The typologies ar described below and contains a main photo with the spatial character of the typology , followed by pictures of the most common species.

THE FOREST

THE PLANTATION

Ill. 70.1

Ill. 70.11

The Forest are relative dense planted and characterized by large trees, mostly pine. Some of the cottages are placed within the forest on large plots.

Ill. 70.2

Ill. 70.3

Ill. 70.4

Ill. 70.12

Ill. 70.13

Ill. 70.14

Ill. 70.5

Ill. 70.6

Ill. 70.7

Ill. 70.15

Ill. 70.16

Ill. 70.17

Ill. 70.8

Ill. 70.9

Ill. 70.10

Ill. 70.18

Ill. 70.19

Ill. 70.20

Common species in the forest

Skovfyr/Scots Pine/Pinus Sylvestris (ill.70.9); Bjergfyr/Dwarf mountain pine/Pinus Mugo (ill.70.6); Klitfyr/Beach Pine/Pinus Contorta (ill.70.4); Østrigsk fyr/Austrian pine/Pinus Nigra (ill.70.2); Vorte-Birk/Silver Birch/Betula Pendula (ill.70.5; ill. 70.7); Stilk-Eg/Common oak/Quercs Robur (ill.70.10); Rød-el/Black Alder/Alnus glutinosa (ill.70.3; ill.70.8)

The Plantation is characterized by the development of the summer cottages. The trees are often planted along the cadastres and create a clearing in which the cottages are placed. The vegetation are more diversed and contain some plants with a garden character.

Common species in the plantation

Skovfyr/Scots Pine/Pinus Sylvestris (ill.70.12); Bjergfyr/Dwarf mountain pine/Pinus Mugo; Klitfyr/Beach Pine/Pinus Contorta (ill.70.14); Østrigsk fyr/Austrian pine/Pinus Nigra; Vorte-Birk/Silver Birch/Betula Pendula; Stilk-Eg/Common oak/Quercs Robur; Rød-el/Black Alder/Alnus glutinosa; Hassel/Common Hazel/Corylus avellana (ill.70.13); Alm. hvidtjørn/Common hawthorn/Crataegus laevigata (ill.70.16); Alm. hæg/Bird Cherry/Prunus padus (ill.70.20); Rynket rose/Rugosa rose/Rosa rugosa (ill.70.19); Gyvel/Common Broom/Sarothamnus Scoparius (ill.70.15); Alm. hyld/Elder/Sambuscus nigra (ill.70.17); Brombær/Common Blackberry/Rubus fruticosus (ill.70.18)

THE DUNES

THE OCEAN

Ill. 71.1

Ill. 71.11

The dunes have a more open character and contains both the white, gray and green dunes. The vegetation are dominated by the loction close to the ocean.

Ill. 71.2

Ill. 71.3

Ill. 71.4

Ill. 71.5

Ill. 71.6

Ill. 71.7

Ill. 71.8

Ill. 71.9

Ill. 71.10

The Ocean is the open flat horisontal landscape that fullfill the atmosphere of Nordstrand. While the marine-plants wihtin the ocean not affect the spatial experince of the ocean, the vegeation are not explained further.

Common species in the dunes

Marehalm/European dune grass/Leymus arenarius; Strandkvik/Common couch/Thinopyrum junceum (ill.71.2); vårbrandbæger/Sprng groundsel/Senecio vernalis (ill.71.3); Alm. røllike/Yarrow/Achillea millefolium (ill.71.4); Gul snerre/Cheese-rennet/Galium verum (ill.71.5) Sand-Hjælme/Beach grass/Ammophila arenaria (ill.71.6); Smalbladet høgeurt/Hawkweed/Hieracium umbellatum (ill.71.7); blåmunke/Sheepbit/Jasione montana (ill.71.8); Revling/Black Crow Berry/Empetrum nigrum (ill. 71.9) Hedelyng/Common Heather/Calluna Vulgaris (ill.71.10) strandfladbælg/Beach pea/Lathyrus japonicus;

NORDSTRAND

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Odsherred Campsite and the Nordstrand area has been a remarkable part of the cultural and recreational development in Odsherred. The transformation of the coastal landscape has affected Odsherred both in relation to natural and cultural aspects. The Nordstrand area reflects at one hand the general coastal transformation in Odsherred, described on page 48-51, but contains furthermore a story of collectivity, which the name Nordstrand reflects. Nordstrand refer to the use of the area, instead of a geographically meaning, as the other areas around Nordstrand does (Vesterlyng, Østerlyng) (Strandgaard, 1990; Strandgaard, 1990b). The area was before 1850 deserted without settlement. The raised seabed has left behind poor sandy soil (ill.73.1), but the Rural reforms (Landboreformerne) had relocated some of the farms and around 1850 the first smallholdings was established around Nordstrand. The heathland was mainly used for grazing and revenues were supplemented by fishing and day-laborers (daglejerarbejde). The living at Nordstrand was hard. Along with a decline in simple fishing at Nordstrand, new development tendencies appeared in the late 1800s. A small fishing house was used as a summer cottage and people from Nykøbing began to establish small bath cabins on the beach. In 1903 was the modest Kattegatbadet established - the small beach hotel boosted the area’s potential as a recreational venue for Nykøbing’s citizens, just as it was visited by people from Copenhagen. Adjacent to the hotel was established 4 small cottages and few bath cabins. Copenhagen magazines wrote about the place: a better and more pleasant seaside resort can hardly be conceivable (Sørensen, 1997 : 7) and the development was closely followed by Nykøbing citizens and people from Copenhagen (Sørensen, 1997; Strandgaard, 1990b). The coast remained without vegetation, open with heath areas. In 1915 Kattegatbadet was closed, but the small cottages continued as holiday homes. Times changed and other types of holiday occurred. Architect designed summer villas for Copenhagen citizens began to appear along the beach and Nykøbing citizens built simple bathhouses and locker rooms. A new image of Nordstrand seems to appear, representing more and more recreational use. The coincidence between a decline in fishing and agricultural activities and a new interest in the area as a recreational place, provided the potential for summer cottages, recreation and tourism. In 1960 the whole area was transformed into a large scale summer cottage- and recreational area. Along with the development of the summer cottage areas, the landscape changed from open heathland to a pine plantation, aiming to create shelter and privacy (Sørensen, 1997; Strandgaard, 1990; Strandgaard, 1990b). The most of the landscape then, is today owned and managed by the summer cottage owners (Jakobsen et al., 2007; interview appendix a (2)). This privatization of the area and the landscape, challenge at some point the overall landscape typologies presented on the previous pages. The above written description of the coastal transformation of Nordstrand is on the following pages visualized in pictures. Nordstrand is today still a significant recreative and collective area, supported by the connection into Nykøbing City along Nordstrandsvej. The thesis and the intervention will use the historical story about the collectivity and recreation to argue for a further development of these elements.

ODSHERRED CAMP SITE DUNE MORAINE

RAISED SEABED RAISED SEABED

DUNE

MORAINE

RECLAIMED LAND DEAD ICE LANDSCAPE MORAINE SUMMER COTTAGE AREA NYKØBING SJ. NORDSTRAND SUMMER COTTAGE AREA

Ill. 73.1 // The geological footprint around Nordstrand

NORDSTRAND

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT - COASTAL TRANSFORMATION The pictures illustrate the historical development of the coastal area around Nordstrand from open heathland to large scale summer cottage ageas within a pine plantagen. Both the summer cottages and the development of the vegetation has affected the transformation of the area.

OPEN HEATHLAND

SMALLHOLDING

FARM

NORDSTRANDSVEJ

Ill. 74.1 // Nordstrand 1903 // Open heathland on raised seabed. Only little settlement; a farm and smallholdings (husmandssteder).

THE FIRST SOMMER VILLAS

Ill. 74.2 // Nordstrand 1937 // Summer cottage houses are the dominating the coastal landscape.

VEGETATION

SUMMER COTTAGES

SUMMER COTTAGES WITHIN THE PINE PLANTATION AND FOREST

Ill. 75.1 // Nordstrand 1950 // more summer cottages are built and the vegetation create shelter at the open heathland.

Ill. 75.2 // Nordstrand 2015 // The vegetation has become a pine forest, in which the summer cottage are placed. The summer cottage areas take up the most of the area along the coast.

NORDSTRAND

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT - COLLECTIVITY The area of Nordstrand has, due to the location close to NykĂ¸bing Sj., since the end of the 1800s been the collective area in relation to recreation. The pictures present the different elements, that throughout history has contributed to the collective identity of the area, arranged in chronologically order. As described previously, the area has been used as common grazing area before the rural reforms. The pictures describe, compared with the former use as common grazing area, a new type of collectivity - a recreational collectivity.

ill. 76.1 // NykĂ¸bing Jorder 1859 // Connection bwtween coast and city.

ill. 76.2 // Kattegatbadet // the first beach hotel, built in 1896, change into a municipal summer restaurant in 1919

ill. 76.3 // Guest house // First guest house at Nordstrand in 1903, functioning as both summer villa and guesthouse.

Ill. 77.1 // FDMs campsite // established in 1936.

Ill. 77.2 // Nordstrand Beach 1950 // meeting place for Nybøbing’s citiznes and summer cottage owners and tourists.

ill. 77.3 Holiday Home // Established in 1955 for the children of Carlsberg Brewery’s workers

NORDSTRAND

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT - CADASTRES The two cadastre-maps shows how fast the area has changes character from open heathland with large cadastre and few farms (ill.78.1) to dense planned summer cottage areas with many small cadastres (ill.79.1): the letters A-D on ill.79.1 mark the different collective elements established since the end of the 1800s: (a) The Kattegat Bath, established in 1896 (closed), (B) Strandbo, the first guesthouse established in 1903, (c) Odsherred Campsite established in 1936 (D) Lyngby-taarbĂŚk holiday cottages for employees, established in the 1940s, (E) Carlsberg Holiday home for children, established in 1955.

NYKĂ&#x2DC;BING JORDER

1860-1878

NO RD STR AN DV EJ Ill. 78.1 // The map shows the different cadastres from 1860-1878

NYKĂ&#x2DC;BING JORDER

1955-1995

(A)

RD STR

AN DV EJ

D E

Ill. 79.1 // The map shows the different cadastres from 1955-1995

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE

As described above, the history of Nordstrand since the end of the 1800s reflects a cultural transformation of the area. The history of the area will together with the identified ongoing projects in the area create the basis for the further project process and work as an inspiration for the design intervention. The Camp Site will, as described earlier, be the main element within the vision and will be analysed in the following. Odsherred Camp site is a classical Danish campsite established in 1936 by FDM (The association for Danish Motor Vehicles), because of an increased possibility to go on holiday by car. The camp site consists of a camp area and a collective area. The latter runs as a ribbon in the middle of the camp site and contains the reception, bike rental and -facilities, toilet/shower/ kitchen-facilities, BBQ, a playground and a common house. They have many returning static guest in caravans (fastliggere) and few visitors in tents (interview, appendix a (5)). The layout of the campsite seems locked because of the many static caravans and the collective ribbon. The campsite has not changed much since it was established and calls for an update. The new owners (2014) Rikke Schultz-Lorentzen and John Arnberg has started a re-definition of the campsite aiming for a more public and active atmosphere. For instance they have removed the camping bar (bom) and introduced morning gymnastics, running- and biking tours for both camping guest and summer cottage guest. Furthermore they have a focus on biking tourist and Odsherred Campsite is already 1 out of 3 bike pit stops in Odsherred, which provide repair facilities, wi-fi and tour information, howewer the campsite not is placed on the regional or national biking routes. Odsherred Campsite is also marked as a possible stop in relation to kayak tours around Odsherred, but have no specific kayak facilities. The thesis will continue the idea on a re-definition of the campsite as a activity- and meeting point for the whole area of Nordstrand. The thesis will analyse and develop existing initiatives, aiming for a more open-minded and integrative approach. As introduced in the background chapter, Andrea Kahnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s concept on site thinking as a relational and dynamic construction, will be used. One of the five concepts, Site Reach, will be used as a tool in the following, where the different existing components of the camp site will be analysed in relation to how far they reach out. Possible extensions of the existing components will be mapped as well.

camp area

ce &

fen

tio eta veg e dg

toilet & bath the square shop & information

camp area

camping cabins bike rental

toilet & bath playground communal house playing field

camp area

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE

CURRENT CONITIONS

EDGE, VEGETATION + FENCE

MAIN CAMPING AREA

OVERVIEW

RECEPTION

MAIN PATH

HUT AREA

MAIN TOILET AND SHOWER BUILDING

PLAY AREA

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE CURRENT CONITIONS

WELCOMMING

ill. 84.1

THE RECEPTION

ill. 84.2

THE SQUARE

ill. 84.3

THE BIKE RENTAL

ill. 85.1

THE PLAYGROUND

ill. 85.2

THE COMMON HOUSE

ill. 85.3

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE

COMPONENTS

ANALYSIS

The components are analysed with a focus on possible extensions of existing qualities within each component, why Andrea Kahnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s concept Site Reach are used as a tool in the analysis.

OCEAN

ill. 87.1 // Ortophoto Odsherred Campsite

WHITE & GRAY DUNES

FOREST

ill. 87.2 // landscape typologies

PLANTATION

The illustrations shows an ortho photo (ill. 87.1) and a diagrammatic interpretation (ill.87.2) of the current landscape typologies that surround Odsherred Campsite. it is very visible that Odsherred campsite not are integrated in the current surrounding landscape and seems excised from the landscape. A strong edge along the campsite support that the campsite and the surrounding landscape are separated. There seems a potential in an integration of the campsite into landscape, by use of the existing landscape typologies.

ILL. 88.1 // Possible new paths in the area The illustration shows the existing and possible new infrastructure in the area of Nordstrand. Nordstrandsvej is the main access to the area, followed by several north-south-going gravel roads. There are very few eastwest connections, why you feel limited in your movement, when visiting the area. The possible new paths are placed in existing cadsatres and link existing gravel roads in the east-west direction. One paths is placed close to the coast and another one running in the middle of the area. Boths of them runs close to the campsite. EXISTING ASPHALT ROAD / MAIN ACCES EXISTING GRAVEL ROAD CADASTRE

ILL. 88.2 // Possible new paths from the campsite

NEW POSSIBLE WALKING PATH

The illustration shows a zoom on the infrastructure in relation to the campsite. The Campsite are planned as an enclosed entity with only one access. By following the existing cadastres, small walking paths can be established to connect the campsite to its surrounding.

NEW POSSIBLE WALKING- AND BIKING PATH

Aalborg chokolade

Nature Candy (Naturslik)

Aalborg

NatureSource

Silkeborg i

Ringsted

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE

Biking Associations in Denmark Kayak/sailing Associations in Denmark Walking/hiking Associations in Denmark

Odden Gymnastics- and Sports Association Bike pit stop Lønnebjerg

Nordic Walking (Stavgangnu.dk) new tours each week Rørvig Sail club, The Kayak section Rørvig Kayak Club Rørvig Sports Association

Skelbjerg Farm

Odsherred Biking Ring Association Nykøbing Sjælland Roklub, Kayak department

Højby Sports Association Bike pit stop Sommerland Sjælland

Nr. Asmindrup Butcher The Gardener farm Asmindrup

Nykøbing Biking Movement (Nykøbing Cykelmotion) Vig Gymnastics association

fishing Kayaks Egebjerg Landsbyvirksomhed Sidinge Farmshop & Fruit Plantation

Herrestrup Sports Association Food production at Lamme Fiord FK Odsherred Kayak Club

Vallekilde-Hørve Gymnastics association ILL. 89.1 // Existing and possible new stakeholders To identify possible new structural relations and to expand the existing network of stakeholders, the existing and possible new stakeholders are mapped in relation to different categories.

EXISTING STAKEHOLDERS

NEW POSSIBLE STAKEHOLDERS

General sports associations kayak/sailing Running Walking/hiking

General sports associations Kayak/sailing Running

biking local food

Walking/hiking Biking local food

GERMANY FRANCE

RUSSIA

DENMARK

ON THE OCEAN

BORNHOLM

EXISTING CAMPSITE ACCOMODATION

ODSHERRED

JYLLAND

IN THE FOREST

NETHERLAND

IN THE DUNES

ENGLAND

NORWAY SWEDEN

USA

IN THE PLANTATION

THE CAPITAL AREA FYN

SEALAND

EXISTING ACCOMMODATION POSSIBILITIES

FEW VISITORS

MANY VISITORS

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF EXISTING CONDITIONS

NEW TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION

Ill. 90.1 // The campsite has visitors from several countries, which is mapped above. The typical guest arrives in car with caravan and spend the most of their holiday at the campsite in front of their caravan. After the new owners John Arnberg and Rikke Schultz-Lorentzen has taken over the campsite in 2014, they have increased the focus on biking tourist and outdoor activities, aiming to attract different segments. It is considered that there is a tourist development potential within the countries, which is already represented among the visitors. Especially more tourist from Denmark, Norway, Sweden and England could be attracted, because of the increased focus on outdoor activities.

Ill. 90.2 // The campsite provides classical types of camping-accommodation; spaces for caravans, spaces for tents and hut rental. Because of the new focus on more recreativity and outdoor activities, there is a potential in relation to develop new types of accommodation, aiming for both a renewed thinking on accommodation and an integration of the surrounding typologies.

DEVELOPMENT OF EXISTING SHOP INTO A LOCAL FOOD CAFÉ

ON THE OCEAN

IN THE FOREST

WI-FI

IN THE PLANTATION

TOILET

SHOWER

STORAGE

CAMPSITE

SHOP

BIKE RENTAL

PARKING

WI-FI

TOILET

SHOWER

CAMPSITE

SHOP

BEACH

EXISTING SHOPPING POSSIBILITIES

AT THE COMMUNAL HOUSE

ON THE SQUARE

EXISTING CAMP-SITE SHOP

POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF EXISTING CONDITIONS

IN THE DUNES

ON THE BEACH

EXISTING MEETING PLACES POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF EXISTING CONDITIONS

CITY

NYKØBING SJ.

NYKØBING SJ. NEW MEETING PLACES

BIKING BIKING

RUNNING

WALKING

RUNNING Ill. 91.1 // In relation to the reception on the campsite, there is a small BIKING shop. The new owners Rikke and John has changed the former kiosk and grill into a shop with local food and beverage, why there is a potential in relation to develop the shop into a future café and meeting place for the whole area of Nordstrand. The location close to the PLAY MORNING GYM city Nykøbing Sj. and the frequently use of Nordstrandsvej, where the campsite is located, can probably provide more visitors.

SAILING

WALKING

NATURE PLAY

SURFING

SWIMMING

VOLLEY

HORSERIDING

RUNNING

WALKING

SAILING

FISHING

RUNNING

BIKING

KAYAK Ill. 91.2 // TheSWIMMING campsite VIEW is, POINT beside the beach, the only meeting place in the area of Nordstrand. The new campsite owners Rikke and John has developed the campsite as a public meeting place, by removing the campsite barrier (bom) and placed benches on the former parking area PLAY - the Square they call it. The thesis sees a potential in relation to ex-MORNING GYM FISHING KAYAK KAYAK tent the existing initiatives to create a new focal point in the area of Nordstrand that provides both accommodation, a café and activities.

WALKIN

NATURE PLA

EXISTING ACTIVITIES AT THE OCEAN

NEW POSSIBLE ACTIVTIES AT THE OCEAN

NEW POSSIBLE ACTIVTIES AT THE BEACH/IN THE DUNES BEACH STATION

EXISTING ACTIVITIES AT THE CAMPSITE

NEW POSSIBLE ACTIVTIES IN RELATION TO THE CAMPSITE

WI-FI

TOILET

SHOWER

STORAGE

CAMPSITE

SHOP

BIKE RENTAL

PARKING

BEACH

EXISTING ACTIVITY SPOTS

NYKØBING SJ.

POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF EXISTING CONDITIONS NEW POSSIBLE ACTIVITY SPOTS

CITY

BIKING

RUNNING

WALKING

Ill 92.1 // The campsite provide different activities, beside the RUNNING artificial BIKING soccer field and the classical playground. The new campsite owners has expanded the activities that the campsite offers to contain morning gymnastics, running tours, local walking- and biking tours. Further more the campsite is a part of Visit Odsherred’s kayak map as possible PLAY MORNING GYM accommodation stop, but the campsite does not have any kayak facilities (why the kayak is marked as grey instead of black). The thesis aims for an extension of existing activities and a focus on the variation within each activity. Nykøbing Sj. offers several activities and the campsite could be a future starting point for existing associations, when training.

SAILING

WALKING

NATURE PLAY

SURFING

KAYAK

FISHING

SWIMMING

VOLLEY

SWIMMING

KAYAK

HORSERIDING

VIEW POINT

KAYAK

FISHING

SUMMERIZING THE ANALYSIS

As the analysis shows, the area of Nordstrand contains few meeting places and activities. As the analysis of the campsite components shows, the campsite has a development potential within several of the components, especially in relation to accommodation, activities and meeting places. It is assessed that the campsite have the potential to develop into a new focal point for the whole area of Nordstrand, if both physically interventions and structural relations are developed. In the following, the design concept, and -interventions will be described. Both the context analysis and the analysis of Nordstrand will be the basis for the design intervention, while the component mapping will work both as an analysis and as a catalogue of inspiration.

VI DESIGN INTERVENTIONS

PRINCIPLES FOR INTERVENTIONS The design interventions rely on three main principles, that are used to (1) kickstart a development process and (2) in the following process to expand the development further. The thesis then focus on the design as a process rather than an end product. The principles are:

CONTENTRATE

Ill. 96.1 // Concentrate amenities and functions to create a strong centre

CONNECT

Ill. 96.2 // Create physical and structural connections to increase the physically connectivity and structural network

DISSOLVE

Ill. 96.3 // Dissolve the locked layout of the campsite to unfold the potential and integrate the campsite in the surroundings

CONCEPTUAL PLAN OF INTERVENTIONS The diagram shows a conceptual plan of the interventions, where the campsite through a redefinition of the existing conditions will provide a new focal point for the whole area of Nordstrand. A concentration of both activities and amenities will create a new centre in the area and an extension of physical and structural relations will increase the network and connect the campsite to its surrounding. The edge will be dissolved and the landscape typologies just outside the campsite, will diffuse into the campsite. Along with the revitalization, the campsite will be more integrated in its context, especially in relation to the landscape and through new types of accommodation, activities and connections.

OCEAN FOREST DUNES

NEW CENTER

PH YSI

PLANTATION

TIO

LC ON NE

ill. 97.1 // Conceptual plan of interventions

CT ION S 97

OVERALL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS PHASE 0

PRESENT

PHASE 1

1st-2nd YEAR

The phase can be seen on a plan on appendix B (1)

The phase can be seen on a plan on appendix B (2)

The campsite are placed as an enclosed entity unassimilated in the surrounding landscape and context. A fence and dense edge-vegetation support a distinguish character between inside and outside. The forest, the plantation and the coast with dunes and ocean are present landscape typologies outside the campsite (the development of each typology are further described on page 102-105).

To kickstart the development process, a new centre is established aiming for a more integrative approach. The new focal point, called Nordstrand Square, offers activities and amenities which can be used by both campsite guests, summer cottage guest and visitors in general. The fence are removed and the edge-vegetation are thinned to initiate a more open-minded and public atmosphere. New structural connections start enhance the network of stakeholders. The forest, the plantation and the dunes are expanded aiming for and integration of the surrounding landscape. The plantings kickstart a break of the locked campsite layout by removing the caravans where the trees are planted.

OCEAN

DUNES

CO N N EC TI O N

NEW CENTER

CAMPSITE EXPANSION OF THE PLANTATION

PLANTATION

ill. x 98.1

ill. x 98.2

R EO RG A N I Z AT I O N

LV E

OUT

SO DIS

EXPANSION OF THE FOREST

L AY

EXPANSION OF THE DUNES

FOREST

ST RU CT U RA L

OCEAN

PHASE 2

3nd - 5th YEAR

PHASE 3

5th-10th YEAR

The phase can be seen as a plan on appendix B (3)

The phase can be seen on a plan on appendix B (4)

After the establishment of the new centre, the reorganization of the campsite layout are continued by a relocation of existing huts and by adding new huts (new elements). Furthermore a new pontoon bridge are established on the ocean (new element). The edge is further dissolved and new paths (physical connections) connect the site to the surroundings. The stakeholder network are further expanded, especially in relation to outdoor activities and -associations (The expanding network will be further described on page 110-117.

The reorganization continues by adding new types of accommodation (new elements) within the landscape typologies; the forest, the plantation and the dunes. Raised forest huts and small open wood tents makes it possible to remove more caravans. The pontoon bridge create better access to the water and to water-activities. The network of stakeholders are further expanded. The edge is fully dissolved and the campsite is now integrated in the surrounding landscape. the new centre - Nordstrand Square- has become a focal point in the area of Nordstrand, supported by both physically and structural relations.

NEW ELEMENTS

OCEAN

OCEAN NEW ELEMENTS DUNES

DUNES

ST RU CT UR AL CO NN EC

FOREST

NEW ELEMENTS FOREST

N N EC

TION

L AY

OUT

NEW ELEMENTS

S DIS

VE OL

A L CO

ICA

L AY

R EO RG A N I Z AT I O N

S DIS

VE OL

CTUR

R EO RG A N I Z AT I O N

STRU

LC ON NE CT IO NS

PLANTATION

ill. x 99.1

ill. x 99.2

99 99

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS - A STORY TO BE CONTINUED The diagrammatic story describe the development process step by step, following the 4 phases.

PHASE 0

PRESENT

AN ENCLOSED CAMPSITE...

... SUPPORTED BY A FENCE AND EDGE-VEGETATION...

... AND A CAMPSITE BARRIER

PHASE 1

1st-2nd YEAR

A NEW CENTRE ARE ESTABLISHED - CALLED NORDSTRAND SQUARE...

...AND THE FENCE ARE REMOVED AND THE EDGE-VEGETATION ARE THINNED OUT...

A RECEPTION BUILDING FROM THE 1950s WITH SEVERAL ADDITIONS.

...WHICH START DISSOLVING THE EDGE.

CLASSICAL HUTS, FEW SPACES FOR TENTS AND A LOTS OF CARAVANS.

...THE SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGIES ARE DRAGGED IN...

DUNES PLANTATION NEW OWNERS IN 2014...

FOREST

...WHICH INITIATE A BREAK OF THE EXISTING CAMPSITE LAYOUT AND START REORGANIZE TENT AND CARAVANS.

...HAS REMOVED THE CAMPSITE BARRIER...

NEW STRUCTURAL RELATIONS ARE ESTABLISHED... ...AND CHANGED A FORMER GRAVEL PARKING AREA INTO A SQUARE...

...AND HAS INITIATED MORNING GYMNASTICS, WALKING AND RUNNING ACTIVITIES. ...THAT ATTRACT NEW VISITORS AND USERS...

...A STORY TO BE CONTINUED...

100

PHASE 2

3nd - 5th YEAR

PHASE 3

5th-10th YEAR

THE THINNING OF THE EDGE VEGETATION CONTINUE...

...WHICH DISSOLVE THE EGDE EVEN MORE.

...AND THE EDGE ARE FULLY DISSOLVED.

THE NEW PLANTINGS GROW.

A RE-LOCATION OF THE EXISTING HUTS...

THE NEW PLANTINGS GROW.

NEW TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION ARE ADDED IN THE DUNES AND ON THE CAMPSITE.

...ARE TOGETHER WITH NEW TYPES OF ACCOMODATION...

STRUCTURAL RELATIONS ARE FURTHER EXPANDED...

...BREAKING THE EXISTING CAMPSITE LAYOUT EVEN MORE.

...WHICH ATTRACT EVEN MORE VISITORS... A PONTOON BRIDGE ARE ESTABLISHED ON THE OCEAN.

PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS ARE ESTABLISHED TO CONNECT THE CAMPSITE TO THE SURROUNDINGS... NORDSTRAND SQUARE HAS BECOME A NEW RECREATIONAL FOCAL POINT

...AND THE STRUCTURAL RELATIONS ARE EXPANDED...

...WHICH ATTRACT EVEN MORE TYPES OF VISITORS AND USERS...

101

DEVELOPMENT WITHIN EACH LANDSCAPE TYPOLYGY The design intervention work with the existing landscape typologies; The Forest; The Plantation; The Dunes and The Ocean. The interventions start a development process within each typology. The development process are described below and visualized through small conceptual plans, following the 4 phases described above. In relation to all typologies, the edge vegetation are dissolving, which is visualized through a line, which become more and more dashed.

THE FOREST

PHASE O

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

CAMPSITE EDGE

C B

HUTS

CARAVANS

TENTS

FOREST

Ill. 102.1 // Existing condition. The forest are outside the campsite and the accomodation posibilities inside the campsite are seperated and placed in a locked layout.

Ill. 102.2 // the extension of the forest breaks the existing layout. Even though the trees are still small they create new spatialities.

Ill. 102.3 // New huts (a) and a re-organization of the existing huts continue breaking the existing layout and begin to merge the elements together. The huts are placed more randomly, according to the character of the forest. The trees has grown bigger.

Ill. 102.4 // New wooden tents (b) and raised forest huts (c) continue to dissolve the existing layout. The elements are now fully merged together and the trees has grown bigger.

B B

102

Tent

caravan

Existing hut

New hut

Wooden tent

Forest hut

C B

THE PLANTATION

PHASE O

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

CAMPSITE EDGE

B B

HUTS

CARAVANS

TENTS

PLANTATION

Ill. 103.1 // Existing condition. The plantation are outside the campsite and the elements inside the campsite are seperated and placed in a locked layout.

Tent

Ill. 103.2 // the extension of the plantation breaks the existing layout. Even though the trees are still small they create new spatialities.

caravan

Existing hut

Ill. 103.3 // New huts (a) and a re-organization of the existing huts continue to break the layout and start merge the elements together. The huts are placed more stringent, according to the character of the plantation. The trees has grown bigger.

New hut

Wooden tent

Ill. 103.4 // New wooden tents (b) continue to dissolve the existing layout. The elemtns are now fully merged together and the trees has grown bigger.

103

THE DUNES

PHASE O

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

B B

Ill. 104.1 // The dunes are outside the campsite.

Ill. 104.2 // the dunes are extended along with the dissolving edge.

Ill. 104.3 // the dunes are further extended along with the dissolving edge.

Wooden tent

104

Ill. 104.4 // New wooden tents (b) are then placed outside the originally campsite, in the dunes.

B B

THE OCEAN

PHASE O

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3 D

Ill. 105.1 // The ocean are outside the campsite.

Ill. 105.2 // The ocean are outside the campsite. The edge began to dissolve.

Ill. 105.3 // Along with the dissolving edge, the ocean are used as a development potential. A pontoon bridge are placed to create better access to the water and to create a basis for activities.

Ill. 105.4 // The edge are fulle dissolved and the ocean has become a new meeting place and activity spot.

pontoon bridge

105

INSPIRATION GLAMPING

Glamping or â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;glamorous campingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is a development of the classical camping, aiming to enhance nature experiences and merge luxury camping with outdoor. Glamping is a worldwide concept and exist in many forms, from simple living to luxury, from tepees to eco lodges. Equal for all is the experiences and accommodation close to nature (Glamping, 2015). The thesis is inspired by the integration of different accommodation possibilities into a natural setting, creating experiences close to nature.

KAMP ALPE GLAMPING

ill. 106.1

106

ill. 106.2

SLOVENIA

GLAMPING BLED

ill. 107.1

SLOVENIA

ill. 107.2

107

INSPIRATION

TINY LIVING

FRI&FRO

Tiny living is a social movement, where people are downscaling their life into a minimum, aiming to dedicate their resources to better living. Tiny Houses come in all shapes, sizes and forms but they focus on smaller spaces and simplified living. The interest on this movement has arose mainly because people seek for more time and financial freedom, but also in relation to environmental concerns. The awareness of humans impact on earth is essential in relation to the increased interest in tiny-, minimalistic- and simple living (The Tiny Life, 2015). During the fieldwork in Odsherred, Fri&Fro was visited to explore a sustainable and simple way of living. Fri&Fro fits in the movement of Tiny Living. The ideas behind Fri&Fro is further described in the interview on appendix a (4). The thesis is especially inspired by the simple way of living that the Tiny Living movement has introduced.

FRI&FRO

Ill. 108.1

108

ODSHERRED, DENMARK

ill. 108.2

INSPIRATION

OTHER PROJECTS A mirrored glass box suspended round the trunk of a pine tree in Harads, northern Sweden is the main element in a tree hotel, that offers the visitor a return to nature, where the mirrors creates a disappearing effect. The projects are made by Tham and Videg책rd Arkitekter and are seen as inspiration in relation to bring the visitor close to nature. Furthermore the project has been an inspiration in relation to the forest huts and the forest atmosphere.

TREE HOTEL

Ill. 109.1

SWEEDEN

Ill. 109.2

109

DEVELOPMENT WITHIN ACTIVITIES AND NETWORK

MORNING GYM

RUNNING

WALKING

BIKING

KAYAK

The development of the existing activities and the related stakeholders are an essential part of the project, why each activity are described in the followng, aiming to visualize how the morning gymnastics, running, walking, biking and kayak develop within each phase.

110

MORNING GYM

PHASE 0

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE

MORNING GYM

RUNNING

WALKING

BIKING

KAYAK

THE SQUARE

PHASE O Existing morning gymnastics at the square

THE BEACH

PHASE 1

THE SQUARE COMMUNAL HOUSE

PHASE 1 To extend the existing conditions and use the coastal location, the beach is used as a new place of doing morning gymnastics.

GYMNASTICS

PHASE 2

THE BEACH THE SQUARE

PHASE 2

COMMUNAL HOUSE

New relations to yoga, - dance and gymnastics associations expand the network of stakeholders and create a new bassis for developing the area.

YOGA

DANCE

NEW TYPES OF SPORT ON THE BEACH

PHASE 3

NEW TYPES OF USER

NEW TYPES OF ACTIVITIES ON THE SQUARE

THE BEACH THE SQUARE COMMUNAL HOUSE

PHASE 3 The square and the beach are now used by several associations and create experiences closer to nature. At Furthermore the beach can be seen as an extension of the existing activity network. The new communal house work as a meeting place and provide food and beverage before, under and after training.

111

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE

RUNNING

MORNING GYM

RUNNING

WALKING

BIKING

KAYAK

NORDSTRANDSLØBET

COMMUNAL HOUSE

LOCAL RUNNING ROUTES

PHASE O The campsite provide morning run and a new annual public run - Nordstrandsløbet. RUNNING ASSOCIATION

COMMUNAL HOUSE

PHASE 1 Contact to existing running associations can together with the establishment of the new communal house work as a meeting place for runners.

NORDSTRANDSLØBET

SANDFLUGTSLØBET

ODSHERRED STAFETTEN NEW USERS OF THE COMMUNAL HOUSE

COMMUNAL HOUSE EXHANGE OF PARTICIPANTS

PHASE 2 Beside the local running routes, the Nordstrandsløbet provide a basis for cooporation with other running competitions in Odsherred, especially Sandflugtsløbet. The contact to more running associations can incerase the interest for both the area, the new communal house and Nordstrandsløbet.

NORDSTRANDSLØBET

EXHANGE OF PARTICIPANTS

SANDFLUGTSLØBET

ODSHERRED STAFETTEN

PHASE 3

112

The communal house are now an essential place for the runners in the area and are used as meeting place when starting and ending running tours. Furthermore there have been made an awareness of the different larger running competitions in Odsherred , so that the perticipants in Nordstrandsløbet ahs increased.

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE

WALKING

MORNING GYM

RUNNING

WALKING

BIKING

KAYAK

LOCAL WALKING TOURS

PHASE O The campsite provide local walking tours aroun Nodstrand.

LOCAL WALKING TOURS COMMUNAL HOUSE

NORDIC WALKING

PHASE 1

HIKING

Contact to different kinds of walking- and outdoor associations to increase interesting stakeholders.

NEW TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION

LOCAL WALKING TOURS COMMUNAL HOUSE

NEW TYPES OF VISITORS NORDIC WALKING

PHASE 2

HIKING

New types of accomodation are established at the campsite

NEW TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION NEW TYPES OF USERS

LOCAL WALKING TOURS COMMUNAL HOUSE

PHASE 3 The contact to the new walking- and putdoor associations could contribute to new types of visitors at the campsite. Furthermore the introducing of new types of accomodation create a new interest for the area among the walking- and outdoor segment.

113

BIKING

WALKING

BIKING

KAYAK

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE

RUNNING

BIKE PIT STOP

MORNING GYM

LOCAL BIKING ROUTES

PHASE O The campsite has the last year increased thrir focus on biking tourist. They provide 5 new local biking routes (3 of them are still under construction). Furthermore the campsite offers bike rental and repair facilities.

BIKING HOLIDAY

COMMUNAL HOUSE

NATIONAL- AND REGIONAL BIKING ROUTES

PHASE 1

114

Regional- and National routes are identified and connects the local route to a larger biking network. Furthermore the focus on biking tourist are expanded through contact to biking- and outdoor associations and -organizations. The communal house are established.

MOUNTAIN BIKE

COMMUNAL HOUSE

ELITE BIKING BMX

PHASE 2

NEW TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION

The contact to biking associations and- organizations are expanded to contain a varity of bike segments. The communal house are used as a meeting place and a starting point for training. New types of accomodation are established at the campsite to attract a varity of biking tourist and guest.

NEW TYPES OF VISITORS

USE OF A LARGER NETWORK OF BIKING ROUTES

COMMUNAL HOUSE NEW TYPES OF VISITORS MORE OF THE EXISTING BIKING TOURIST

PHASE 3 The expanded network contains a varity of cyclist, both in relation to day-based training and biking holidays. The link to the regional and national biking routes has created a new interest for Nordstrand and the new types of accomodation are further developed to contain small primitive wooden tents.

MORE OF THE EXISTING BIKING TOURIST

NEW TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION

115

KAYAK

BIKING

KAYAK

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE NORDSTRAND

GNIBEN SHELTER AREA

WALKING

SONNERUP FOREST

RUNNING

GNIBEN TENT AREA

MORNING GYM

RØRVIG HARBOR LÅMSÅS SOUTH ANNEBERG NATURE SCHOOL & YOUTH HOSTEL

HØVE CAMPING

KONGSØRE CAMPSITE

DCU CAMPING SANDDOBBERNE

PHASE O

ODSHERRED CAMPSITE NORDSTRAND

The campsite is a part of Visit Odsherred’s kayak guide, where several accomodation spots are appointed. Even though the campsite already is a part of the kayak guide, they don’t have kayak facilities, equipment or rental.

COMMUNAL HOUSE

KAYAK ASSOCIATION

PHASE 1 to develop the potential within the KAYAK-area, contact to kayak associations are established. Further more the new communal house are built.

116

PONTOON BRIDGE AT NORDSTRAND

KAYAK ASSOCIATION

COMMUNAL HOUSE

KAYAK ASSOCIATION KAYAK ASSOCIATION NEW TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION

PHASE 2 The contact to biking associations and- organizations are expanded and the communal house are used as a meeting place and a starting point for kayak training. New types of accommodation are established at the campsite to attract kayak-sailers. NEW TYPES OF VISITORS

NEW TYPES OF VISITORS NEW TYPE OF ACCOMMODATION IN THE DUNES

NEW TYPES OF VISITORS NEW ACTIVITY AT THE CAMPSITE AND AT NORDSTRAND

COMMUNAL HOUSE

NEW TYPES OF VISITORS

PHASE 3 The expanded network has created a renewed interest for Nordstrand as a kayak-spot and the new types of accomodation has attracted new visitors. Especially the pontoon bridge and the wooden tents in the dunes at the beach, has created a valuable development in relation to both the campsite and the area of Nordstrand. The communal house are now a common meeting place for kayak-sailers to start and end their training and tours. Furthermore the campsite provide kayak-rental and equipment store.

NEW TYPES OF VISITORS

NEW TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION ON THE CAMPSITE

117

PLAN-OVERVIEW AND FIVE ATMOSPHERES The design interventions are seen as a development process rather than an end product, why the attented plan and the following presentation of the design shall be seen as a possible future result in approximately 10-15 years. Planzooms, supplemented by a section and a visualization show five different atmospheres within the project, aiming to unfold the recreational potential within the different landscape typologies and by creating af new recreational centre. The five zooms are (1) Nordstrand Square; (2) The Forest; (3) The Plantation; (4) The Dunes and (5) the Ocean. An artistic approach are chosen to underpine that the illustrations are how the different areas possible could look like in the future. Furthermore the tradition for painting in Odsherred has inspired the artistic drawings.

118

PLAN OVERVIEW 1 . 1000 SEE ATTENDED PLAN IN THE BACK OF THE THESIS

ATMOSPHERE 1

ATMOSPHERE 2

ATMOSPHERE 3

ATMOSPHERE 4

ATMOSPHERE 5

NORDSTRAND SQUARE

THE FOREST

THE PLANTATION

THE DUNES

THE OCEAN

PLAN ZOOM 1 : 500

SECTION 1 : 250

PLAN ZOOM 1 : 500 SECTION 1 : 250

119

THE NORDSTRAND SQUARE PLAN ZOOM

1 : 500

VISUALIZATION 1

NATURAL PLAYGROUND sand dune

Leymus arenarius and Ammophila arenaria

sail

NATURAL PLAYGROUND sand dune

sail

new pinus sylvestris

REST AREA TOILET/SHOWER/KITCHEN

Leymus arenarius and Ammophila arenaria

a SQUARE

concrete

grass Leymus arenarius and Ammophila arenaria

sail

SAND DUNE

PARKING

REST AREA

gravel & grass

NEW INFO- AND COMMUNAL HOUSE, SHOP AND RECEPTION

existing pinus sylvestris

DRIVING PATH

OUTDOOR KITCHEN BBQ

sail

REST AREA sail Leymus arenarius and Ammophila arenaria

grass

CAMPFIRE

sand dune

NATURAL PLAYGROUND PARKING

sand dune

gravel & grass

existing pinus sylvestris

DRIVING PATH

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VISUALIZATION 1 I View to the smaller public building, that contains both kitchen, toilet, shower and space for outdoor equipment. In front there is a rest area and to the left there is one of the natural playgrounds, established on a new sand dune.

A REST AREA

SHOP

COMMUNAL ROOM 1.FLOOR

OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT

REST AREA

NATURAL PLAYGROUND

SECTION Aa 1 : 250 I View to the new public center of Nordstrand - nordstrand square - with indoor- and outdoor activities, equipment rental, local food, natural playground and rest area for the whole area of norstrand - furthermore the main building contains a public communal room for both summer cottages guest and camp guest.

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THE FOREST

PLAN ZOOM

1 : 500

TENT RELOCATED EXISTING HUT EXISTING FOREST

NEW FOREST HUT IN TREETOP NEW HUT

NEW FOREST OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS, BETULA PENDULA, QUERQUS ROBUR, PINUS CORTATA TENT

NEW WALKING PATH

RELOCATED EXISTING HUT CARAVAN

NEW FOREST HUTS IN TREETOP NEW WOODEN TENT

NEW WOODEN TENT

NATURE PLAYGROUND

TENT

TOILET&KITSCHEN&SHOWER

CARAVAN

VISUALIZATION 2 NEW FOREST HUTS IN TREETOP

NEW WOODEN TENT

CARAVAN

TENT

POSSIBLE DRIVING PATH NEW WALKING PATH

EXISTING ROAD

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VISUALIZATION 2

View from a terraces built in relation to one of the forest huts.

B TENT

RAISED FOREST HUT

WOODEN TENT

CARAVAN

RAISED FOREST HUT

WOODEN TENT

CARAVAN

SECTION Bb 1 : 250 I View through the forest with a varity of camp possibilities; tents, caravans, wooden tents, huts and raised forest huts, aiming to create accommodation close to nature

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THE PLANTATION

PLAN ZOOM

1 : 500

NEW HUT

NEW FOREST HUT

NEW TOILET/SHOWER/KITCHEN CARAVANS

OUTDOOR KITCHEN

VISUALIZATION 3

CARAVANS

NEW HUT

NEW WOODEN TENTS

TENTS CARAVAN SPOT

DRIVING PATH

NEW WALKING PATH

TENTS

EXISTING PINUS SYLVESTRIS NEW HUT RELOCATED EXISTING HUT

NEW PLANTATION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS, BETULA PENDULA, CRATAEGUS LAEVIGATA, CARAVANS

EXISTING SUMMER COTTAGE

NEW TOILET/SHOWER/KITCHEN OUTDOOR KITCHEN

TENTS EXISTING SUMMER COTTAGE

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VISUALIZATION 3 I View to some of the new huts - two open wooden tents and one larger closed wood hut with beds and terrace

c CARAVAN

CARAVAN

TOILET/KITCHEN/SHOWER

NEW WOODEN TENT

OUTDOOR KITCHEN

NEW HUT

SECTION Cc 1 : 250 I View through the plantation with rows of pinus sylvestris and betula pendula. The huts are arranged in accordance to the plantation grid 125

OCEAN

THE DUNES

PLAN ZOOM

1 : 500

DUNES

NEW WOODEN TENTS IN THE DUNES

NEW WOODEN TENTS IN THE DUNES D DUNES

NEW WOODEN TENTS IN THE DUNES

EXISTING BEACH STATION (TOILET, SHOWER, WI-FI, LOCKERS)

NEW EQUIPMENT STATION

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NORDSTRANDSVEJ

VISUALIZATION 4

View through one of the wooden tents in the dunes out to the ocean.

DUNES

NEW WOODEN TENTS

DUNES

SECTION Dd 1 : 250 I View to the dunes where new small wooden tents are placed to extend the accomodation posibility and create experiences close to nature 127

THE OCEAN

VISUALIZATION 5

PLAN ZOOM

1 : 500

PONTOON BRIDGE

BEACH

DUNES

NEW WOODEN TENTS IN THE DUNES

DUNES

EXISTING BEACH STATION (TOILET, SHOWER, WI-FI, LOCKERS) N

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NEW EQUIPMENT STATION

VISUALIZATION 5 I View from the ocean to Nordstrand Beach, where kayaks has arrived. Small wooden tents can be glimpsed to the left in the dunes and to the right the existing beach station with a view-spot and the new eqiupment station can be seen.

E e SECTION Ee 1 : 250 I The section shows a cut through the pontoon brigde, where new activties can take place and where people can meet and esperience the ocean.

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130

VII OUTRO

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FINAL REFLECTIONS THE ’ACADEMIC’ GEOPARK The peripheral rural areas are in change. Challenged by a shrinking tendency, an increased focus on place-based development and local engagement has occurred and at some point reversed the development from negative to positive. The thesis argues that Odsherred is situated in between challenges and potentials, exactly because of the interface between the shrinking tendency and entrepreneurial drivers, supported by the Geopark. The thesis points that the Geopark creates a strong common narrative to which local initiatives can link to and municipal planning can be developed within, but it seems that there is a focus mainly on landscape formation and geology, even though the Geopark contains both the landscape, culture history, art and local food production. The Geopark-concept can then be difficult to understand for non-experts and in an interview with the owners of Odsherred Campsite, Rikke Schultz-Lorentzen and John Arnberg (Appendix a (5)), John stressed that the geopark was developing into an ’Academic Geopark’ mostly focusing on the landscape formation and the geology instead of an ’Active Geopark’ where the storytelling of the landscape are created through experiences and activities. He argued that there exists and unfolded potential in relation to activate the landscape, and he refers to Queenstown in New Zealand (Interview Appendix A (5)). Even though Queenstown has activated the landscape to its extreme, John points to a relevant discussion on what the Geopark Odsherred should contains. The thesis challenges the academic geopark, by creating storytelling through experiences close to nature: …in the forest hut, where the pines are planted to create shelter for sand drift… In the dunes upon the raised seabed… On the ocean that has fluctuated throughout history… Recreation that could be called ‘in-destination’ experiences and that tells the story of the landscape transformation, both according to the natural and cultural landscape. As presented in the thesis, most of the municipal policy stresses the importance of the experience economy and an increased focus on recreation, especially outdoor experiences (Odsherred Byråd, 2015; Odsherred Kommune, 2013; Dansk Bygningsarv A/S, 2014). Furthermore several national policies and visions indicate the coastal recreational value, especially in relation to the create economic growth in peripheral rural areas (Miljøministeriet, 2014; Miljøministeriet, 2015; Erhvervs- og vækstministeriet, 2014). It might then be relevant to discusses how to combine the Geopark-concept with, what could be called, the ’recreational landscape’. THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL LANDSCAPE The recreational landscape has gained ground and the thesis argues that the former monofunctional landscape dominated by agriculture now has changed into a much more diverse landscape, supported by the development within the European Agricultural Policy and the arise of the New Rural Paradigm. Furthermore the projects ’Land of opportunities’ (Mulighedernes Land), ’The Place Count (Stedet tæller)’ and ’Peripheral Areas in Front’ (Yderområder på forkant) has contributed positive to place-based development within peripheral rural area in Denmark. The need for a more nuanced development within each municipality has generated a discussion about the Danish Planning Act (Planloven) and whether the law is sufficient to obtain such a diverse development, that today are required, because of the different conditions, Denmark is characterized by today. Experts addresses that the landscape has changed towards more multifunctionality, while the Planning Act has remained unchanged (Primdahl et al., 2014). The increase in multifunctionality and a change in the character of ’rurality’ has called for a change in the overall principles within the Danish Planning Act.

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A NEW PERCEPTION OF ‘RURALITY’ As introduced in the thesis, Christopher Ray (1999) addresses that the rurality, compared to previous years, now contains several capitals. Human, social, cultural and symbolic capitals has challenged the former dominance of physical and economic capital. The rural areas are not any longer only characterized by the agriculture and managed by one sector. They contains several characteristics, which Ray describes through the different capitals. The different capitals can be affected by external forces (exogenous forces), but the local development are not only happen through the exogenous forces, but because of local initiatives (endogenous forces), based on place-based resources and qualities. To reach a higher level of development towards strategic progress, the endogenous and exogenous forces have to work in cohesion – by Ray (1999) called the Neo-endogenous model. The thesis describes how the new Campsite owners, through small steps have started a redefinition of the campsite, aiming for a more integrative approach. Rikke and John are at the same time summer cottage owners in the area of Nordstrand and are closely related to the area. In relation to Ray (1999), they represent then both the human, social, cultural and the economic capital. The latter because of their investment in the Campsite, the human, social and cultural capital because of their presence and local entrepreneurship, both in relation to the campsite, but also in relation to Odsherred and the area of Nordstrand, that they have started to integrate in their renewing of the campsite. The design interventions grasp and strengthen the ongoing initiatives, and link them to municipal and national planning perspectives, aiming to create a new recreational focal point in the summer cottage area of Nordstrand. The area of Nordstrand is then revitalized through a redefinition of the existing campsite and some of the most relevant challenges within Nordstrand are solved. New meeting places, new activities and new connections has been established to enhance the area of Nordstrand as a whole. To establish Nordstrand Square as a new recreational spot, it is assessed that it will require an integrative approach, where the Geopark, the municipality and Visit Odsherred could be relevant players. The Geopark has no specific engagement in the area of Nordstrand, because of the focus on the main geological sites. As the thesis addresses, the area of Nordstrand has a potential in relation to a more recreational Geopark-approach. The Beach Station is the main municipal intervention in the area and support the recreational approach, when developing Nordstrand. An interview with the municipal business consultant Sille Krüger addresses that the municipality doesn’t has a future masterplan for the area of Nordstrand (interview appendix a (6)). Visit Odsherred has initiated a Waterfront Festival this June 2015, aiming to activate the beach and unfold the coastal potential of within the area of Nordstrand. Odsherred campsite worked as a link between the coastal activities and the rest of Nordstrand area. Even though the Waterfront Festival was a relative small event this year (c. 200 participants), the event has a relevant purpose. Based on the thesis analysis, it is assessed that their might be a relevance for an overall development strategy for the area, aiming to unfold the potentials within the area and strengthen the existing qualities. The design interventions in the thesis is a possible contribution to a future development of Nordstrand, aiming to perceive the area as a relational construction that is interconnected with the surrounding context on several parameters. In relation to Ray (1999) the design interventions can be seen as a process towards unfolding the different capitals aiming to create cohesion between endogenous and exogenous forces. As introduced in the thesis professor Andrea Kahn (2005) describes five concepts on site thinking. Especially Site Reach has been used as an analytical tool in relation to identify how far the campsite reach out differently depending on context – and where possible extensions of the site reach exists.

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LINKING ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS FORCES In order to achieve the cohesion between the endogenous and the exogenous forces it is assessed, that their might be a need for an extension of the endogenous forces (unfold local initiatives), including the different local capitals. The site reach might be relevant here as a tool to develop local initiatives and link them to exogenous forces. The design interventions have, beside the physical development, a specific focus on the structural development. New possible stakeholders are identified in relation to different activities, aiming to reach a larger network and to create the basis for an integration of more exogenous forces. The thesis then points to a relevant discussion in relation to peripheral rural areas, about how local initiatives can be a driver for future development, especially in terms of strategic development. The thesis addresses the importance of recreational development in Nordstrand and in general in Odsherred. The design proposal are seen as a relevant contribution to this discussion, because of the linkage between local initiatives and municipal, national and even global perspectives on planning and development. The sociologist Manuel Castells (1996) are taken into consideration to describe the relation between local and global space and how local initiatives are linked to global flows by use of the information technology. Through an interrelation between spaces of flows and spaces of place, physical places are linked to different levels of flows. The design interventions search, through the structural relations, to substantiate the establishment of more connections between places and spaces. A relevant link are to the Geopark, where the new Nordstrand Square provide a platform where storytelling about the landscape and the cultural history could be created through nature experiences. Nordstrand Square could be a future recreational Geopark-spot and through the Geopark Network be linked to other similar spots around Europe. If the Geopark are taken the critique on the ’Academic Geopark’ into consideration, the Nordstrand Square could be the beginning of a recreational geo-spot network within Odsherred, where each spot creates a platform for storytelling on different geopark themes. The interview with Geopark Manager Nina Lemkow (appendix a (3)) points to the challenges of creating economic growth by use of the Geopark. A walking tour on top of the moraine does not contribute much to the municipal economy. The design intervention in the thesis indicates that a more recreational Geopark-approach could support both local development through recreational spots and possible economic growth through a larger network of recreational outdoor activities that create municipal revenue. COASTAL RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT As described in the thesis, the coastal landscape in Odsherred, as well as many other places in Denmark, has been through a remarkable transformation. The increased focus on the coastal landscape values as a nature- and culture resource has generated a focus on the planning within the Coastal Proximity Zone (Kystnærhedszonen). The thesis presents the relevant legislation, especially in relation to the Danish Planning Act and the Law of Nature Protection, and use the pilot project on Coast- and Nature tourism (Naturstyrelsen, 2014), aiming to take the ongoing discussion on coastal planning and management into consideration. After the danish election on the 18th of June 2015, the political party Venstre has announced a liberalization of the legislation within the coastal proximity zone by allowing all sustainable projects. Especially the ’specific planning-related or functional justification for location near the coast’ (§5b stk.1 nr.1 in the Danish Planning Act (Planloven)) seems to be perceived for soft after the liberalization of the planning act. Furthermore the administration of the Danish Planning Act are moved from The Ministry of the Environment (Miljøministeriet) to the Ministry of Business and Growth (Erhvervs- og Vækstministeriet), which underpin

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the liberalization of the legislation and the increased focus on growth. There might be a relevance in finding a balance between the preservation of the unspoiled coastal landscape and the increased demands for cultural use along the coast, especially in peripheral areas, where the coastal landscape provide the basis for the majority within experiencing economy. The design interventions in the thesis search this balance by an awareness of the importance of integrating the new elements into the context and the current landscape. In relation to the beach, within the Coastal Protection Line (Strandbeskyttelseslinien, Law of Nature Protection), two interventions are made; 6 wooden tents are integrated in the dunes and a removable pontoon bridge is placed from the beach out on the ocean. These interventions will require a dispensation, but based on the positive feedback from the Nature Agency in relation to the newly built Beach Station within the dunes, is it assessed that the new wooden tents and the pontoon bridge are realistic interventions. Furthermore the Beach Station indicates that the municipality of Odsherred search a renewed, more recreational, perception of the beach, but still wants to keep the current landscape qualities by integrating the Beach Station into the landscape. The thesis then addresses an argued development potential in relation to Nordstrand. COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT In relation to the coastal management, the municipality of Odsherred works at the moment on a coastal management plan based on the European ICZM-principles presented in the thesis (Andreasen, 2015). It is assessed that there is a future potential on integrated coastal zone management because of the integrative approach and because of the increase in projects that include both landward and seaward activities. The establishment of the pontoon bridge, which is a part of the design proposal, touch to the content of the ICZM. The thesis has not included accommodation on the ocean, but consider it as a relevant future expansion of the design proposal. The general increase in coastal recreation and an arise of what could be called ’ocean-tourism- and –experiences’ points to the relevance of an integrated coastal management approach, where landward and seaward values are combined to reach a higher level of cohesion. The thesis touch to this discussion and Nordstrand Square as a possible future recreational spot will addresses a further relevance within this field. NORDSTRAND SQUARE AS A RECREATIVE AND COLLECTIVE FOCAL POINT The thesis believes in Nordstrand Square as a Future recreational spot, both because of the location close to the coast and to Nykøbing Sj., but also because of the new initiatives and the history of recreation and collectivity. People has since the end of the 1800s been attracted to the area of Nordstrand as a place of recreation and collectivity, but by the rise of the summer cottage culture, one could argue that the collectivity has been taken over by the individual’s desire to obtain access to the ocean and to privacy. The Campsite that was introduced as a collective tent camp in the 1930s are now changed into a caravan park with individual plots. If we look even further back, before the 1800s, the area of Nordstrand was used for common grazing - The Common (Almindingen). This consideration for the Common Good (Almenvellet) and the collective has been an important part of the history of Nordstrand, why the design interventions, search for a recall of the collective. Especially the new public communal house revitalize the collectivity and challenge the arise of the individualism among the summer cottage owners and the caravan guests. Nordstrand Square has become a new public recreational spot, where people are doing activities, accommodate, meet or just pass by on a walk between Nykøbing Sj. and the coast. The thesis then takes hold of the slogan of Odsherred: Odsherred - a natural community [Odsherred - et naturligt fællesskab].

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REFERENCES BOOKS Castells, M. (1996) : The Rise of the Network Society. The transformation Age. Economy, Society and Culture, Vol. 1, Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK, Blackwell Dybvad, K. (2015) : Udkantsmyten – Hvordan centraliseringen af Danmark ødelægger vores økonomi og sociale sammenhængskræft [The Peripheral Myth - How centralization of Denmark destroying our economy and social cohesion cancer], People’s Press, Copenhagen, Nørhaven Printing, Viborg Fritzbøger, B. (2009) : Det åbne lands kulturhistorie – gennem 300 år [The Culture History of the Country - through 300 years], second edition, second printing, Biofolia, Narayana Press, Gylling Hausenberg (2012) : Mulighedernes Land - Nye veje til udvikling [Land of Opportunities - new ways towards development], made by Hausenberg Aps in cooporation with Realdania (project manager), The Municipality of Thisted, Lolland and The Region Municipality of Bornholm, Cool Grey A/S Hauxner M. (2003) Open to the sky, Copenhagen, Arkitektens Forlag Jakobsen, B., Helsted, C., Stolz, J., Holse, K., Møller, P., Frederiksen, E., Rasmussen, S., Hauerberg, V. (2007) : Naturen i sommerhusområder, Kårup Skov og Ordrup Næs, udgivet af Grundejerforeningen for Kårup Skov og ordrup Næs, Vejlø Print A/S Kahn, A. (2005) : Defining Urban Sites In: Burns, C. and Kahn, A. Site Matters, New York and London, Rout- ledge. p.281-297 Mc Harg, I. (1967) : An ecological Method for Landscape Architecture, Landscape Architecture Vol. 57, January 1967 Ray, C (1999) : Endogenous Development in the Era of Reflexive Modernity, Centre for Rural Economy, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK Stahlsmidt, p, Nellemann, V (2009) : Metoder til landskabsanalyse - kortlægning af stedets karakter og potentiale [Methods for landscape analysis - identification of character and potentials of places], Grænt Milø, Jørn Thomsen A/S Strandgaard, K (1990b) : Sommerbyen ved Kattegat [The summer city at Kattekat] in Alle tiders Odsherred [The Great Odsherred], Museum of Odsherred, Central-trykkeriet, Nykøbing Sjælland Sørensen, K. (1997) : Kysten ved Nyrup og Nordstrand – Historien om et kystlandskabs forvandling til ferieland nær Nykøbing Sjællan [The Coast at Nyrop and Nordstrand - The history about a coastal landscape transformation towards a holiday area, nearby Nykøbing Sjælland], Kontor-kopi Press, Nykøbing Sjælland Vejre, H., Kristensen, L., S., Lemkow, N., (unpublished) : Geopark Odsherred - Landskabet som løftestang for det åbne lands planlægning [Geopark Odsherred - the landscape as a catalyst for the country], Chapter 6, part of a future publication about dialoquebased Planning, University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Ressource Management

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REPORTS Anker, H.T., Kaae, B.C. and Nellemann, V. (2014) : Forvaltning af kystzonen. Rammer, udfordringer og scenarier [Management of the coastal zone. Frames, challenges and scenarios]. IGN Report August 2014, Institute for Geo Science and Nature Management, Frederiksberg Dansk Bygningsarv A/S (2014) : Odsherred 2025 - Visions- og udviklingsplan [Visions- and Development Plan 2025 of Odsherred], Dansk Bygningsarv A/S [The Danish Buildings Legacy A/S] and The Municipality of Odsherred, available the 18th of february on http://www.odsherred.dk/visions-og-udviklingsplan-2025 Erhvervs- og vækstministeriet (2014) : Danmark i arbejde -Vækstplan for dansk turisme [Denmark in work - Growthsplan for Danish Tourism], Erhvervs- og Vækstministeriet (Ministry of Business and Growth) in cooporation with Miljøministeriet (the Ministry of the Environment), Kulturministeriet (Ministry of Culture) and Ministeriet for By, Bolig og Landdistrikter (The Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Affairs), Rosendahl Schultz Grafisk A/S, avaliable the 22.5.2015 on http://www.regioner.dk/~/media/ Mediebibliotek_2011/REGIONAL%20UDVIKLING/Kultur%20og%20turisme/vaekstplan-for-dansk-turisme-20-01-14.ashx European Commision (2012) : The Common Agricultural Policy - A story to be continued, Luxembourg, Publications Office of the Europe Union, available the 8th of april on http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/50-years-of-cap/files/history/history_book_lr_en.pdf Hausenberg (2008) : Med udgangspunkt i stedet, Mulighedernes Land og det nye landdistriktsparadigme [Starting from the site, Land of Opportunities and The New Rural Paradigm], made by Hausenbarg ApS in sooporation with Realdania, Skov og Landskab, University of Copenhagen Lemkow, N. (2013) : Geopark Odsherred Denmark – Application for membership in the European Geoparks Networks, 1. edition, The municipality of Odshrred, Trundholm Press, Vig Miljøministeriet (2010) : Inspiration til planlægning i kystnærhedszonen - ekspempelsamling [Inspiration to Planning within the Coastal Proximity Zone - examples], Miljøministeriet (Ministry of the Environment), By- og Landskabsstyrelsen (The agency for Urban and Rural affairs), 2010, Jespersen Tryk + Digital, København Miljøministeriet (2014) : Naturplan Danmark - Vores fælles natur [Nature Plan Denmark - Our Common Nature], Miljøministeriet (Ministry of the Environment), Naturstyrelsen (nature Agency), Web publication, Rosendahls-Schultz Grafisk A/S, available the 8.6.2015 on nst.dk/naturplandk Miljøministeriet (2015) : Alle tiders friluftsliv - Redegørelse om Danmarks friluftspolitik [That’s Great Outdoor Recreation - Statement on Denmark’s outdoor policy], Miljøministeriet (Ministry of the Environment), Naturstyrelsen (Nature agence), Rosendahls-Schultz-Grafisk A/S, available the 8.6.2015 on http://naturstyrelsen.dk/publikationer/2015/apr/alle-tiders-friluftsliv/ Nørgaard, H. (2011) : Futures of rural and peripheral areas - Challenges, strategies and policies, Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, Danish Journal of Geoinformatics and Land Management, Vol. 46 (2011), No. 1, pp. 81-95

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OECD (2006) : The New Rural Paradigm: Politics and Governance, Paris, OECD, Organization for Economic coorporation and Development, OECD Publishing, France, available the 17th of february on http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/thenewruralparadigmpoliciesandgovernance.htm Odsherred Byråd (2015) : Planstratgi 2015 [Plan Strategy 2015], Odsherred Byråd (Odsherred City Council), Odsherred Kommune (Municipality of Odsherred), available the 10th of august 2015 on http:// www.e-pages.dk/odsherredkommune/187/ Odsherred Kommune (2013) : Kommuneplan 2013-2025 for Odsherred Kommune [Municipal Plan 2132025 for the Municipality of Odherred], Odsherred Kommune (Municipality of odsherred), Center for Plan, Byg og Erhverv (Center for Planning, buildings and busines), available the 22.5.2015 on http:// www.odsherred.dk/indhold/kommuneplan-0 Suadicani, H. (2002): Dansk kystzone - landskab og forvanltning [Danish Coastal Zone - Landscape and Management], PhD, Roskilde Univeristy Center, Institute for Environment, Technology and Society, available the 2nd of august on http://rudar.ruc.dk/bitstream/1800/2080/1/Dansk_kystzone_landskab. pdf Tanvig, H. W. (2012) : Nyt brug af land - nye landbrugere - integrerende iværksætteri i landdistrikter [New use of Land - New Land-users - Integrated Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas]. Frederiksberg: Skov & Landskab (Forest & Landscape), Univeristy of Copenhagen. (Planlægning og friluftsliv (Planning and outdoor recreation); Nr. 30/2012)

ARTICLES Politiken (2015) : Pensionister forvandler Odsherred til vækstkommune [Pensioneers transform Odsherred to a Growth Municipality] written by Halskov, L., available the 26th of march on http://politiken.dk/oekonomi/bolig/ECE2579810/pensionister-forvandler-odsherred-til-vaekstkommune/ Primdahl et al., (2014) : Primdahl, J., Kristensen, L., S., Møller, K., H., 2014; Et forandret landskab og en uændret planlov [A changing Landscape and an unchanged Planning Act], Byplan 4/2014, available the 5th of march on http://www.byplanlab.dk/sites/default/files2/byplan%204_2014_et%20forandret%20 landskab%20web.pdf Tanvig, H (2011) : Potentialer for udvikling i landdistrikterne anno 2011 [Potentials for Development in Rural areas anno 2011], in Geografisk Orientering (Geographic Orientation), Theme: Udvikling af landdistrikterne i Danmark (development of rural aeras in Denmark), Magazine for Geografforbundet (The Geograph Federation) october 2011 · 41. year · Nr. 5 Tietjen, A. (2013) : Translating the Landscape, in C Newman, Y Nussaume & B Pedroli (eds), Landscape & imagination: towards a new baseline for education in a changing world. Bandecchi & Vivaldi Editori

INTERNET Den Danske Ordbog (2015) : Katalysator, available the 4th of august 2015 on http://ordnet.dk/ddo/ ordbog?query=katalysator European Commission (2015) : European LEADER Associastion for Rural Development (ELARD), available the 8th of april at http://enrd.ec.europa.eu/enrd-static/networks-and-networking/eu-organisations/ eu-organisations/en/european-leader-association-for-rural-development_en.html European Geopark Networks (2015) : What is a Geopark, available the 5th of march on http://www. europeangeoparks.org/?page_id=165

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Glamping (2015) : What is Glamping, available the 1th of august 2015 on http://glamping.com/whatis-glamping/ Home (2015) : word searching on Odsherred Kommune, fritidshuse og fritidsgrunde, Home.dk, available the 23th of march on http://home.dk/resultatliste?origin=resultatliste&visliste=Vis+liste&pagecount=10&sor-

torder=asc&sortcolumn=nosort&ejendomstype=FH&ejendomstype=FG&search-field=Odsherred+kommune&pris_ fra=&pris_til=&boligareal_fra=&boligareal_til=&antalrum_fra=&antalrum_til=&etage_fra=&etage_til=&antalplan_fra=&antalplan_til=&byggeaar_fra=&byggeaar_til=&grundareal_fra=&grundareal_til=&energimarke=&fritekst=&skoleafstand=&indkobafstand=&offtransafstand=&vandafstand=&skovafstand=

Naturstyrelsen (2014) : Forsøgsordning for kyst- og naturturisme [Pilot project on coastal- and nature tourism], available the 11th of august 2015 on http://naturstyrelsen.dk/planlaegning/projekter/ forsoegsordning-for-kyst-og-naturturisme/ statistikbanken.dk (2005) : FOLK1: Folketal den 1. i kvartalet efter kommune, køn, alder, civilstand, herkomst, oprindelsesland og statsborgerskab, available the 10th of april at http://statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1680 Strandgaard, Kirsten (1990) : Landliggerne [The summer cottage owners] in Alle tiders Odsherred [The Great Odsherred], Museum of Odsherred, available the 18th of march on http://www.ellingelyng.dk/ landliggerne.htm Odsherred Kommune (2015B) : Projekt- og udviklingspuljen for Sommerhusrådet for Odsherreds Landliggere [Project- and Development Fund for the Summer Cottage Council for The summer Coattage Owners in Odsherred], Available the 22.5.2015 on http://www.odsherred.dk/projekt-og-udviklingspuljen-sommerhusraadet-odsherreds-landliggere Odsherred Kommune (2015c) : Åbent møde med sommerhusgrundejerne den 28. marts 2015 [Open meeting for summer cottage owners the 28th of march 2015], available the 22.5.2015 on http://www.odsherred.dk/sites/default/files/ideer_og_forslag_fra_aabent_moede_sommerhusgrundejerne_-_efter_omraade.pdf The Tiny Life (2015) : What is the Tiny House Movement, available the 1st of august at http://thetinylife. com/what-is-the-tiny-house-movement/

BROADCAST DR2 (2015) : Oprør fra udkanten [rebellion from the peripheral], broadcast on DR2 the 19.3.2015 kl.21.30, available the 19.3.2015 on https://www.dr.dk/tv/se/dr2-undersoeger/dr2-undersoeger-udkantsdanmark#!/

OTHER Andreasen, R. K. (2015) : Kystzoneforvaltnings for Odsherred Kommune (Udkast til projektbeskrivelse) [Coastal Zone Manage ment Plan of the Municipality of Odsherred - draft] + Projektgrundlag [Project Basis], Rasmus Kruse Andreasen, Landskabsforvalter MEEL, Natur, Miljø og Trafik (Nature, evnvironment and Traffic), Municipality of Odshrred, Non official documents send by email (unpublished)

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ILLUSTRATIONS LIST Ill. 31.1 // Painting by Holmer Trier, available the 13th of may 2015 on http://www.geoparkodsherred.dk/odsherred/velkommen-til-geopark-odsherred Ill. 33.1 // Interpretation of the landscape formation, Et landskab i evig forandring, guide made by Geopark Odsherred in coorporation with Leader+, The Danish Nature agency, The ministry of Living, settlement and Rural affairs, The municipality of Odsherred and Landdistrikter.dk Ill. 37.1 // Painting by Ejnar nielsen, available the 12th of august 2015 on http://www.vestmuseum.dk/admin/public/getimage.ashx?Image=/Files/Billeder/Odsherred_Kunstmuseum/slideshow/slide_03.jpg&Resolution=72&Compression=90&Width=1170&height=280&Crop=0 Ill. 43.1 // Painting by Lauritz Hartz, available the 15th of march on http://www.vestmuseum.dk/admin/public/getimage.ashx?Image=/Files/Billeder/Odsherred_Kunstmuseum/viden_om/odsherred_malerne/karl_bovin/ Kaj%20_Ejstrup/Lauritz_%20Hartz/Inv%2038.JPG&Resolution=72&Compression=90&Width=1000 Ill. 49.1-49.2 // Paintings by Victor Brockdorff, available the 12th of august 2015 on http://www.vestmuseum. dk/Viden/Odsherreds_Malerne/Victor_Brockdorff.aspx Ill. 50.1-50.2 // Illustrations about recreation, from Suadicani, H. (2002): Dansk kystzone - landskab og forvanltning [Danish Coastal Zone - Landscape and Management], PhD, Roskilde Univeristy Center, Institute for Environment, Technology and Society, available the 2nd of august on http://rudar.ruc.dk/bitstream/1800/2080/1/ Dansk_kystzone_landskab.pdf Ill. 66.2 // Odsherred Campsite, available the 22.5.2015 on http://www.daenischecampingplaetze.dk/files/images/ pladser/camp_139.jpg Ill. 70.2 // Scots Pine, available the 9th of august 2015 on https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/80/22/ f0/8022f048f82bcaaba425e8dfade21e17.jpg Ill. 70.3 // Black Alder, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.4 + Ill. 70.14 // Beach Pine, http://www.fugleognatur.dk/images/galleri/Klit-Fyr_mellem.jpg Ill. 70.5 // Silver Birch, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.6 // Dwarf Mountain Pine, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.8 // Black Alder, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.9 + Ill. 70.12 // Scots Pine, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.10 // Common Oak, available the 9th of august at http://www.fugleognatur.dk/images/galleri/2010.08.06%20Espe%20Stilk-Eg%20111.jpg Ill. 70.13 // Hazel, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.15 // Common Broom, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.16 // Common Hawthorn, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.17 // Elder, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.18 // Common Blackberry, http://www.havenyt.dk/images/upload/ugens_havenyt/brombaer_9438.jpg Ill. 70.19 // Rugosa Rose, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 70.20 // Bird Cherry, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 71.2 // Common Couch, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk

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Ill. 71.3 // Spring Groundsel, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 71.4 // Yarrow, available the 9th of august2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill 71.5 // Cheese Rennet, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 71.6 // Beach Grass, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 71.7 // Hawkweed, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 71.8 // Sheep Bit, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 71.9 // Black Crow Berry, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 71.10 // Common heather, available the 9th of august 2015 on Danmarksflora.dk Ill. 74.1 + Ill. 74.2 // Nordstrandsvej 1903 + Nordstrand 1937, Strandgaard, K (1990b) : Sommerbyen ved Kattegat [The summer city at Kattekat] in Alle tiders Odsherred [The Great Odsherred], Museum of Odsherred, Central-trykkeriet, Nykøbing Sjælland Ill. 75.1 // Nordstrand 1950, available the 15th of march on arkiv.dk Ill. 76.1 // Nykøbing jorder 1859, Strandgaard, K (1990b) : Sommerbyen ved Kattegat [The summer city at Kattekat] in Alle tiders Odsherred [The Great Odsherred], Museum of Odsherred, Central-trykkeriet, Nykøbing Sjælland Ill. 76.2 // Kattegatbadet, available the 12th of august 2015 on http://odswiki.bibod.dk/images/thumb/6/6e/Badehotellet.jpg/300px-Badehotellet.jpg Ill. 76.3 + 77.1 // Guest House, Sørensen, K. (1997) : Kysten ved Nyrup og Nordstrand – Historien om et kystlandskabs forvandling til ferieland nær Nykøbing Sjællan [The Coast at Nyrop and Nordstrand - The history about a coastal landscape transformation towards a holiday area, nearby Nykøbing Sjælland], Kontor-kopi Press, Nykøbing Sjælland Ill. 77.2 // Nordstrand 1950, available the 9.7.2015 on http://hilsenfraodsherred.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Scan0051-1050x700.jpg Ill. 77.3 // Carlsberggården Holiday Home, available the 12th of august on http://billeder.bibod.dk/main. php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=16015&g2_serialNumber=2 Ill. 78.1 + Ill. 79.1 // matrikelkort, Miljøministeriet, Geodatastyrelssen, available the 3rd of June on http://hkpn. gst.dk/ (search on Vester Lyng, Nykøbing Jorder) Ill. 106.1 // Kamp ALpe Glamping, available the 2nd of august 2015 on http://www.kamp-alpe.com/resources/ files/doc/284462_10150175642957255_80989242254_5998521_140480_n.jpg Ill. 106.2 // Kamp Alpe Glamping, available the 2nd of august 2015 on http://www.kamp-alpe.com/resources/ files/pic/namestitve/DSC_0028.JPG Ill. 107.1 // Glamping Bled // Available the 3rd of august 2015 on HTTPS://MARRIEDANDCOOL.WORDPRESS. COM/TAG/WOODEN-TENT/ Ill. 107.2 //Glamping Bled // Available teh 3rd of august on HTTPS://KONGRESGUIDES.FILES.WORDPRESS. COM/2012/01/BLED-GLAMPING.JPG Ill. 108.2 // Signe Lilleskov Nielsen Ill. 109.1-109.2 // Tree Hotel, available the 10th of august 2015 on http://www.dezeen.com/2011/01/12/tree-hotel-by-tham-videgard-arkitekter/

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APPENDIX

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November 2014

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December 2014

January 2015

February 2015

Marts 2015

Morten Hyllebjerg // Entrepreneur and inhabitant in Fri & Fro // Mail + meeting the 11th of marts 2015 about Fri & Fro, local development and sustainable living

Nina Lemkow // Geopark Manager // mail + Tour Interview the 11th of marts 2015 about the Geopark Concept and how the landscape has been used as acommon driver in the developmentarts

John Arnberg & Rikke Lorentzen // Owners of Odsherred Campsite, Nordstrand // informal talk the 10. of marts 2015 about their work with new ideas on how to redefine the classical danish campsite

Jørgen Stoltz // Nature guide and consultant, owner of Silvadanica // mail + meeting the 10th of marts 2015 about the landscape in Odsherred, placebased potentials and ongoing local development projects. Guided tour the 12th of marts around Dragsholm Castle

Rasmus Kruse Andreasen // Landscape Manager in the municipality of Odsherred, Department of Nature, Traffic an Environemnt // Mail about coastal management and ICZM-principles

Majbritt Jensen // Entrepreneur in Hørve. Schoolteacher // Mail + telephone interview the 19th of february 2015 about local development

Berit Rathenborg Bæhr // Urban Planner in the municipality of Odsherred, Business and development, Center for Planning, construction and business // Mail + telephone interview the 23th january 2015 about the Visions- and Developemtn Plan 2025 of Odsherred and information about key persons in Odsherred

Sara Line Bohn // CEO, Dansk Bygningsarv // Mail + telephone interview the 16th of december 2014 about their work with the project Yderområder på Forkant in coorporation with Realdania

Kirstine Cool // head of Consultancy, Dansk Bygningsarv // Email + meeting the 11th of November 2014 about thier work with the Visions- and Development Plan 2025 of Odsherred

APPENDIX A RELEVANT COMMUNICATION - OVERVIEW

3-days Fieldtrip

April 2015

May 2015

Locals // Waterfront Festival at Nordstrand // Informal talk with several locals + John Arnberg & Rikke Lorentzen // Owners of Odsherred Campsite, Nordstrand

Rune SĂ¸rensen // Association Consultant in theMunicipality of Odsherred, Culture and Leissure // Mail during May 2015 about associations in the summer cottage areas in odsherred in general

Marie Juul Madsen // Project Manager on a project about reinforce the communication between the municipality and the summer cottage owners // Mails during mayj 2015 about the project

Sille KrĂźger // Business Consultant in the Municipality of Odsherred, Planning, Construction and Business // Mail + Telephone Interview the 29th of April about how the municipality of Odsherred develop the area of Nordstrand

John Arnberg & Rikke Lorentzen // Entrepreneurs and Owners of Odsherred Campsite, Nordstrand // Meeting the 14th of april 2015 abouttheir ideas on af redefinition of the campsite and how they percieve the area of Nordstrand

Locals // Informal talk with 2 summer cottage owners the 3th of april 2015 about how they use the area of Nordstrand

1-day Fieldtrip 1-day Fieldtrip 1-day Fieldtrip

Relevant communication

Relevant communication, referred in the following

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APPENDIX A (1) 1 Berit Rathenborg Bæhr // Urban Planner in the municipality of Odsherred, Business and development, Center for Planning, construction and business Aim // To be introduced to the Visions- and Development Plan of Odsherred 2025 and how the municipality of Odsherred integrete place-bounded ressources in the development of Odsherred. English Abstract // Berit describes that Odsherred contains several place-based potentials, especially in relation to the landscape, the culture history, the quality food production, the coast, the summer cottage areas and local engagement. She introduces the Visions- and Development Plan 2025 of Odsherred and describes how the plan adresses place-bounded ressources as a starting point for the development of Odsherred. In relation to my question about the coastal landscape and the summer cottage areas, Berit refer to the 7 areas of focus, which is desribed in the plan. The areas of focus pays attention to the accessability to nature, culture and art; creating one capital; strenghten Rørvig and Havnebyen; develop the summer cottage areas; differentiate the beaches; use the local qualityfood as a common driver and create an overall positive image of Odsherred. She hopes that the visison from the Visions- and Development Plan 2025 can be integrated in the Plan Strategy which is under development. Danish Abstract // Telefoninterviewet udspringer af en mailkorrespndence, hvor jeg har forespurgt om Odsherred kommunes arbejde med stedsbundne potentialer og hvor vidt kommunen har kendskab til i gangværende projeketer, der netop tager sit udgangspunkt i stedet potentialer og Odsherreds karakteristika. Jeg beskriver de første tanker om mit speciale og spørger ind til kommunens arbejde med deres nyligt vedtagede Visions- og Udviklingsplan 2025 for Odsherred. Berit peger på, at planen har et stort fokus på Odsherred potentialer indenfor landskab, kulturhistorie, fødevarer, kyster, sommerhusområder, alternativ bosætning og lokalt engagement. Hun peger også på planens fokus på 50+’ere og hvilke ressourcer de kan bidrage med i et samfund. Reglen om, at pensionister kan benytte deres sommerhus som helårsbolig efter 8 års ejerskab, skaber en stigning i befolkningstal i Odsherred og den øgede brug af sommerhusene medvirker til en eventuel forlængelse af hovedæsonen i sommerhusområderne. Jeg nævner, at jeg ser et potentialer i kystområderne med de mange strande og sommerhusområderne. Berit beskriver de 7 indstasområder fra Visions- og Udviklingsplanen 2015, som bl.a. indeholder et fokus på de mange strande og et ønske om at udvikle sommerhusområderne. Yderligre indeholder indstatsområderne et fokus på at skabe én hovedstad, styrke havnebyerne Rørvig og Havnebyen, forskønne lokal- og landsbyer, skabe tilgængelighed til natur og landskab, bruge fødevarerne som løftestang, skabe tilgængelighed til kunst og kultur og medvirke til et positivt billede af Odsherred. Berit beskriver til slut, at nogle af tankerne fra Visions- og Udviklingsplanen 2025 skal indarbejde i Planstrategien 2015, som skal sendes i høring frem til august 2015. Efter vores telefonsamtale, sender Berit en mail med kontaktoplysninger på en række nøglepaersoner og ildsjæle i hele Odsherred. Dette var udgangspunktet for planlægningen af en 3-dages felttur, hvor Odshered skulle ind under huden og potentielle cases til et speciale. skulle afdækkes.

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APPENDIX A (2) 2 JØRGEN STOLTZ // NATURE GUIDE AND CONSULTANT, OWNER OF SILVADANICA

Aim // To be introduced to Odsherred, the place-bounded ressources and to gain information of the Geopark, including the landscape formation, the culture history, the art and the local food production. English Abstract // Jørgen describes Odsherred as very diverse and inclusive place, where many volunteers contributes to the development. He adresses the Geopark as an important element in the development af Odsherred. The Geopark works as a common frame of storytelling. The landscape is essential in Odsherred together with the local food production, the culture history and the art. Jørgen problematize that Odsherred doesn’t have a landmark in relation to attractions – it is a de-central structure – especially in relation to the Geopark and its geosites. It challenge the storytelling to the visitors. The tourist has to explore it themselves. We talk about the agriculture and Jørgen adresses a need for a more integrative approach in relation to the geopark and the farmers, for instance in according organic farming. Jørgen emphasizes the connection between the landscape and the land-use, including the summer cottage areas which is placed on the pure sandy soil – the former heathland. In the end of the meeting, we talk about how place-bounded ressources can help increase life quality and create settlement and growth in a long-term perspective. Jørgen mentions some of the place-bounded project in odsherred, including a Food Academi on Dragsholm Castle, a New Nordic Hostel with teambuildings og adresses an image of Odsherred turning towards positve development tendencies, with the Geopark as an important partner linking local initiatives to a global network. Danish Abstract // Jørgen starter med at fortælle generelt om Odsherred. Det der er specielt ved Odsherred- og det, der er Odsherreds problem- er, at det er mangfoldigt, men der er ingen fyrtårne. Dvs., at man skal selv opdage Odsherred. Der er et hav af forskellige steder. Der er natur til alle sindstemmninger – til alle oplevelser. Der er alt, men ikke noget stort. Og det er præcis derfor, at Geoparken er helt genial. Det tager tre busture at se Odsherred. Dertil er geoparken god til at favne det hele og være paraply. Det er en naturpark, et spadestik dybere. Landbruget har været en del af planlægningen af Geoparken. De har set muligheden for at kunne løfte prisen på deres produkter. Geologien er ikke helt op at ringe som f.eks. Stevns Klint, derfor skal Geoparken godkendes om 4 år igen. En geopark skal have national betydning. Det er ikke kun geologien det handler om, men det liv der leves på geologien og også det der er sket efter istiden f.eks. Landhævning og menneskeskabte inddæmninger. Det er ikke kun randmorænen eller det hævede havbund. Landet har hævet sig. Alle vores 26.000 sommerhuse ligger jo på hævet havbund – dvs. ny naturligt landskab, der er skabt efter istiden. 20% af Odsherred er kunstig skabt - inddæmmet. Jeg vil sætte en ære i at fortælle hvert sted i Odsherred, hvad Geoparken betyder for dét sted. Det er jo stoltheden over Geoparken, der skal sælge Geoparken”. De kan fortælle andre om oplevelserne. Jørgen fortæller om et møde med Visit Odsherred, som han skal deltage i. Det omhandler udvikling af et nyt koncept i hele Danmark om pakketurer, hvor overnatningsteder, oplevelsessteder mv. kombineres i pakker. Jørgen fortæller om arbejdet med udvikling af lokale produkter ved brug af lokale fødevarer. Hvidtjørn er hovedplanten i Geoparken, fordi den både symboliserer landskabet og fødevarerne. Mange starter med et sommerhus heroppe og finder ud af hvor dejligt her er. Det, der er farligt, er at dem, der tror de kan købe et helårshus heroppe og ligge og pendle. Det er altså hårdt. Så man skal helst finde et job heroppe og det vil I høre om når I snakker med Morten. Fri & Fro er et nyt miljø der er opstået. Jørgen sammenligner det med Vallekilde, hvor der også opstod et helt nyt miljø omkring højskolen. Nogen der tør at være anderledes. Borgmesteren bakker op om de alternative miljøer. Der har altid været miljøer der ville noget heroppe. Nye kløverstier i Egebjerg. De har tænkt meget ud af boksen

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i forhold til overnatning → flere B&B’s, idéer om at bo i kloakrør og så er der en økologisk grisefarmer der lejer grisehuse ud til Skanderborg Festivalen man kan kan sove i. Landbruget sidder hårdt på jorden og er meget konservativt – det meste af det. Kun en af landmændende på lammefjorden er økologisk. Landmændene, der tør noget nyt, findes på Odden. Nogle af de tidligste biodynamiske brug I Danmark ligger på Odden. Kastanjelys, Birkemosegård og Vingården. Der er mange, der tøt sæt tonen an. Jørgen satser på sommerhusområder I forhold til naturen I Geoparken. Sommerhusejerne har et ansvar for naturen I Geoparken. Det er områder som landbruget endnu ikke har “ødelagt”. Jørgen har lavet en guide til at hjælpe sommerhusejerne I at pleje deres grund. I er medansvarlige i at pleje naturen. I har købt et stykke af Odsherred. Yderligere er det dem der kommer udefra, der passer på naturen, fordi de kommer her fordi de sætter pris på den. Vi problematiserer, at der er et generationsskifte på vej i sommerhusområderne, hvor mange kommer til at leje huse ud, da nye generartioner ikke på samme måde som tidligere, køber sommerhuse. Jørgen mener ikke det er et problem, da flere lejere vil skabe flere turister. Det er ikke sommerhusejerne, der bidrager mest til turismen, det er lejerne/turisterne. Vi mangler turister I Odsherred. De spiser og køber. Vi vil gerne undgå inaktive sommerhuse, hvor huset kun bruges i meget korte perioder. Hellere udlejning. De opdeler folk i fastboende, landliggerne og turisterne. Vi spørger til Naturpleje i fællesskab. Jørgen siger, at det er som om det er et nyt fænomen. Naturpleje I fællesskab er ikke nyt! Sommerhusejerne har fælles grunde rundt omkring, hvor sommerhusejerne i fællesskab med landmændene. Naturpleje på Gniben. Projekter er gode, men nogle gange spænder de ben for en kontinurligtet. Jørgen snakker om Geokids-projektet. Geokids – Martin Nyboe er en kunstner ude i Kunstnerbyen. Han er kunstneres bag Ulkerup Sjælene sammen med Per Pandrup. Det er blevet et lokalt produkt, som han købes som en fortælling fra Odsherred. Jørgen fortæller om et andet projekt ’Gode historier’, startet i 2004 – lokale historier om Odsherred fortalt af lokale. Når Odsherred har den samlede historie om Odsherred, begynder folk at komme hertil. Historier fra maj-oktober, som har en eller andet relation til Odsherred. Der kommer ikke en McDonalds til Odsherred, der kommer en McDonalds når der er noget at komme efter. Her kan Geoparken hjælpe. Men man skal opføre sig som en Geopark og derefter bliver man det. Ikke omvendt. Vi spørger til hvordan man fastholder og udvikler eksisterende projekter og hvilke mulige udviklings-retninger, der tegner sig i Odsherred. Kontinuiteten er her væsentligt for at fastholde den eksisterende udvikling. Jørgen fortæller om en generel øget interesse for projekter og initiativer. Man har efter etableringen af Geoparken formået at mobilisere langt flere frivillige kræfter. Efter kommunen er blevet Geopark er interessen vokset. Geoparken er blevet en stolthed. Det handler ikke kun om turisme, det handler også om bosætning – f.eks. i Egebjerg. Det skal give folk stolthed i relation til ’at være’. En let forøgelse af bosætningen vil medvirker til at opretholde langt flere institutioner, skoler mv. Det er en dyr kommune at drive, den er strukket i alle ender, der er mange kyster, mange veje. Det giver nogle udfordringer. Det handler både om turisme, bosætning og erhverv. Jørgen fortæller om landbruget som en vigtig medspiller i relation til erhverv og udvikling af fødevarer. Smag på Odsherred er en idé og madmarkedet i Præstø er en inspirationskilde. Anna og Jørgen øsnker selv at lave en spisehus og vandrerhjem. Det kan være i Annebjerg. Gourmetmad nede på jorden. De er en del af et teambuilding kursus hvor de står for et madkursus ude i naturen. Jørgen og Anne laver allerede kurser i sådanne forløb – Smag på landskabet hedder det. Løbende i interviewet prøver Jørgen at få kontakt til Hans-Jørgen (Turistchef) vedr. et møde om eftermiddagen, hvor han gerne vil have os med. Snakken går herfter på geoparken igen. De skal genkende naturen for at spise den og aflæse den. Ramsløg gror kun på de gamle stenalder kystgrænser – så hænger fødevarerne pludselig sammen med geologien. Vi spørger om der arbejdes der på at formidle flere steder? Ikke flere end de 42 geologiske sites, men de skal skiltes i år 2015. Formidling af landskabet kan ske på mange måder. Ny app udviklet til at vise de ældre landskaber. I skal se jer om på Anneberg hvor I er. Der er en sammenhæng mellem Anneberg og Dragsholm. Dragshom det første beboede hus i Danmark. Anneberg bygges til datteren af

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ham, der bosætter sig på Dragsholm. Kastanietræet ved Anneberg findes ligeledes på Dragsholm. Udstykningerne blev startet fra Dragsholm. Anneberg er på den måde et meget historisk sted og musseet ligger lige overfor. Geoparken indeholder på den måde både de geologiske site, de kulturhistoriske site, fødevarerne og kunsten. Vi spørger til nye tendenser i Odsherred. Ligesom det vælter frem med dagligvarebutikker, vælter det frem med gårdbutikker. Der er lavet en undersøgelse af hvem, der egentlig producerer de varer, der leveres til gårdbutikkerne, for at sikre, at produktion og efterspørgsel hænger sammen. Hvis nu alle vil lave Ny Nordisk Mad, kan det så lade sig gøre. Det er jo frygtelig farligt, hvis vi får sat en tone an og så vi ikke kan forfølge den, hvis gårdene ikke bliver overtaget og vi ikke kan leverer nok produkter i relation til efterspørgslen. Et infrastrukturelt problem, er den nye rute 21, der skærer sig igennem landskabet i stedet for at følge landskabet. Vi skal lære turisten at køre af vejen. En tydeliggørelse af landskabesvejen, så pendlerne kører af rute 21 og turisterne kører af de mindre landskabsveje. Den nye vej er uinteressant at køre på. Man ser ikke landskabet, man kunne køre hvor som helst. I Sverige har man de ”De fem søers vej” og ”kulturlandskabets vej”, der giver bilisten forskellige ruter i landskabet. Vi spørger til, hvad argumentationen var for at lave rute 21, hvortil Jørgen svarer, at man sparer et kvarters kørsel og man slipper for lange kører om sommeren. Kun to steder kobler rute 21 sig til det resterende netværk. Et andet sted er Malergården. Kunsten er et af benene i Geoparken. Familien Swane flyttede herop, de ville gerne undervise sine egne børn og dyrke deres egne grøntsager. Man kan virkelige opleve hvordan det var at bo på Malergården. En spændende vinkel med livsstile i gennem tiden i Odsherred. Odsherred er et rumligt sted. Det står i kommuneplanen at der er givet plads til nye bofællesskaber. Kusnten starter med Lundby som maler nede ved siden af Vallekilde. Der er forskellige bevægelser i bosætning – Vallekilde, Fri & Fro. Kommuneplanen underbygger dette. Landbruget kan jo lave meget meget mere, hvis de vil. Potentiale i landbruget. Lammefjorden var jo et brand inden geoparken kom og de syntes derfor ikke, at Geopoerken betyder noget for dem. Man får jo ingen penge af at være Geoperk, men man får en status. Man kan ikke skubbe til landmændene. De skal have lov at se det selv. De skal se kroner og ører. Kunne landmanden ikke se på sin jord på samme måde som en bil? Den er smuk med kører, uden at få lige så mange penge for det? Jørgen foræller om tre søer, der har forskellige fortællinger tilknyttet. Jørgen fortæller om Klint Sø og forskellige projekter i relation til vand. Klint Sø er afsnøret fra havet. Den er inddæmmet og man må dyrke lammefjordsprodukter der nu. Højby sø er det første naturgenoprteningsprojekt i Danmark, det er reguler genopretning. Opstået som et dødishul. Nekselsø, man har ikke gjort det for at få mere natur, det er et kulturgenopretningsprojekt”. 3 søer. De er opstået på hver sin måde. Landbruget er gået med til at give højby sø tilbage, den var ikke så frugtbar. Afspejler menneskets afhængighed af naturen. Men der er jo ekstrem mange ting i Odsherred. Jørgen fortsætter med at fortælle om forskellige mindre steder i Odsherred, herunder Hov Vig, hvor flest fugle holder til, meget smukt men formidlingen er ikke så god. Der er skov, fjord og eng derude. Generelt er det svært at finde stederne, for turisterne. Der er mange listige steder, hvor der ikke er mennesker. Vi kan ikke blive overrendt, der er så mange steder. Vi snakker skiltning og markering af Geo-site. Det skal jo vurderes om stederne er besøgsegnede. Jørgen snakker om stedsbundne potentialer og spørger os til, hvad de skal kunne? Men de der stedsbundne potentialer, siger Jørgen? Skal de kaste økonomi af sig eller økonomi af sig? Hvis det giver livskvalitet af sig, kaster det bosætning af sig og derefter økonomi. Jørgen fortæller om et nyt madakademi. Dragsholm slot har fået landdistriktsmidler til at oprette dette madakademi. Dét vil være en stor succes at kunne trække et madakademi herop. Se Thomas Adelskovs hjemmeside. Vi har jo alle fødevarene. Vi har jo fødevarerne. Vi har fisk i alle farevandende. Alle Danmarks vilde urter er i Odsherred i bæredygtige bestande. Er der generelt modstand mod økologi? Jørgen tøver og beskriver, hvordan københavnske postnumre kan sættes på Odsherred og, at dette hænger sammen med økologien. Landmændende mener, at de ikke kan leve at økologisk landbrg, men det er en myte. Økologiske Take-away Måbjerggård. I planstrategien vil de have mere økologi.

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APPENDIX A (3) 3 NINA LEMKOW // GEOPARK MANAGER

Aim // To be introduced to the landscape formation of Odsherred and the Geopark concept, including Geopark-projects. English Abstract // We (a fellow student and I) are meeting Nina Lemkow, the Geopark Manager, on top of Vejrhøj – one of the main Geosites in Odsherred. From that point we can view the mst of Odsherred and the remarkable landscape. She introduces us to the landscape formation throughout history. Odsherred is shaped by the glaciers during Wheichels Ice Age. Especially the morrain edge is spectacular and stands out. She describes the Geopark concept as a development concept and not a park, and describes how both the landscape, the local quality food production, the cultural history and the artist are included in the Geopark concept. The Geopark concept has today become a common frame of storytelling, approved by UNESCO. Nina describes the place-bunded ressources, which all are linked to the landscape; the local food production on the Lamme fiord, the mourial bounds on the top of the moraines, the summer cottage areas on the raised seabed and heathlands. We continue the tour-interview at another Geosite – the shelter spot and the Mask Park. Nina tells about the Geo-Kids project, which include 4000 school children and work as a citizen involvement project, where the children learn about the content of the Geopark in coorporation with local artist, The Nature School, the Museum, the municipality of Odsherred and the. The interview ends with a reflection on the challenge of introducing a new concept – ”Things take time”, she said… Danish abstract Vi møder Nina på toppen af Esterhøj, hvor vi bliver introduceret til det geologiske landskab og arbejdet med Geoparken. Nina starter med at fortælle om koblingen mellem forskning og Geopark og vigtigheden af, at vores opgaver indgår i Geoparkens afrapportering til det internationale Geopark-netværk. Geoparken skal dokumeterer interessen for geoparken og arbejdet med Odsherred. Vi problematiserer den decentrale struktur i Geoparken og, at vi er vandt til at se på attraktioner på en anden måde. Vi tager til spots. Nina beskriver, at der er en strategi under udarbejdelse, der skal sætte retningen for arbejdet med Geoparken. Vi spørger til formidlingen af steder i Geoparken, nye initiaver osv. : Landskabet er det der er udgangspunktet i Geoparken, det er det stedsbundne potentiale. Nina fortæller fra vores udgangspunkt (Esterhøj) om dannelsen af landskabet, randmorænen, højderyggen, smeltevandssletten. De stedsbundne ressourcer bygger på landskabet skabt i istiden. Og hvad har vi ellers, siger Nina. Vi har gravhøjene og hvis vi følger højderyggen rundt, kan vi se alle gravhøjene. Der er været menneskelig aktivitet siden stenalderen, så kulturhistorien er også en stor del af Geoparken. Solvognen er det væsentligste fund. Vores kulturhistorie er meget lang og meget veldokumenteret. Vi har kunstnerne. De første var guldaldermalerne, der malede romantiske malerier. Et landskab uden ret mange træer (3% skov). Odsherredmalerne kommer i 1930’erne, de bosætter sig i ”bjergene”. De udgør den sidste kunstnerkoloni efter Fyns-malerne, Skagensmalerne osv. Kunsten er et af benene i Geoparken. Vi har fødevarerne med lammefjorden, som også er ét af benene i geoparken. Elementerne, kulturhistorien, fødevarerne og kunsten linker alle til landskabet, så det er den stedsbundne ressource. Og hvordan får vi så fortalt om det… Det er svært… Nina beskriver arbejdet med en ny højderygsti som er en del af formidlingen af geoparken. Stien skal forbinde en række knudepunkter (Esterhøj, Maglehøj, Dutterhøjene og shelterpladsen). Stederne skal opdateres - Trin og inventar skal udskiftet. På shelterpladsen skal en modelgravhøj bygges. Højderygstien er en del af Stedet Tæller via Realdania.

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Vi mangler formidling omkring landskabsdannelsen. Det er rigtig svært at formidle grus og sten. Vi arbejder på en App, hvor man kan se fotællingen på sin skærm fra hvert sted man står i landskabet. Det næste step, er hvordan vi vi kan vækste med den her Geopark. Det er jo udkantsdanmark! Det er besty-

relsen og kommunalbestyrelsen, der vedvirker til dette og strategien, der er under udarbjedelse skal igangsætte denne process. Vi spørger til den lokale forankring og Nina fortæller om Høve, der er meget engageret. Høve har ca. 200 indbyggere og er meget engagerede i Geopark-projektet. Geoparken er et nyt begreb, som skal ind under huden på folk. Det er mere et udviklingskoncept end en park. Afgrænsningen er administrativ mere end fysisk. Geopark Odsherred er en lille Geopark i sammenhæng med andre parker i verden. I Danmark spænder vi kun over en meget lille del af jordens forandring. De sidste 10.000 år har Odsherreds landskab forandret sig. Man skal være geologinørd for at forstå landskabet. Bare det at gå så mange år tilbage, er svært at forstå for folk. Landskabet forandrer sig hele tiden. Vandstanden har været 4 meter højere end nu og er nu meget lav, men er på vej op igen pga. klimaforandringerne. Fortællingen til den brede befolkning er svært. App’en er et godt udgangspunkt og hjælper os til at visualiserer tingene bedre. App’en virker meget stærkt på folk. Så de stedsbundne potentaler er bundet til landskabet i Odsherred i meget høj grad. Nina fortæller om shelterpladen og Geokidsprojekterne. Vi kører derfor videre til shelterpladsen. Nina fortæller fortsat om lokal forankring og borgerinddragelse i form af Geokids-projektet: Initiativet kommer fra kunstnerne Martin Nybro og Henrik. Børnene skulle lave et kunstværk. De har taget nogle år at udvikle. Alle skoleelever fra 0.- 9. klasse skal deltage i det her projektet (4000 elever). Naturskolen, Odsherred Museum, kommunen, Geoparken. Projektet her er et pilotprojekt. Alle elever var en tur på vejrhøj til udeundervisning, hvor eleverne kommer igennem alle fire elementer i Geoparken; lokale råvarer og det vi spiser fra hånden (lave ramsløgpesto), lave tegning af landskabet (maleri af det landskab de så), museum Odsherred lærte dem om bronzealdersymbolerne. På Vejrhøj hørte de om geologien og landskabets dannelse. Da de kom til stranden skulle de finde ler. Endte med at lave maske af leret de havde fundet sammen med de to kunstnere. Der er en QR-kode bag på alle masker, så alle ved, hvilken maske, der er hvis. QR-koden viser en lille film med barnet. Denne lokalitet hvor shelteret er, er en gammel lergrav, teglværk tæt på. Det er ikke tilfældigt at der er ler lige der. Det er en gammel issø. Materialer bliver lavdelt når det sedimentere i afsmeltningsfasen. Sten, grus, sand, ler i lag. Shelterpladsen med maskeparken er et tilløbsstuykke, når alle børn hiver deres familie ud og ser det. Det giver en bred udbredelse af geoparken og en god form for borgerinddragelse. Projektet trækker mange mennesker ud, der kan få noget at vide om Geoparken. Hvert lokalsamfund får deres masker og til sidst samles de alle ét sted. Der har været lidt modstand mod Geokidsprojektet, da noget nyt i landskabet altid kan skabe modstand. Så udstillingen er midlertidig som udgangspunkt, men efter den store succes med projektet, bakker de fleste op om det. Det der med at lave noget nyt, uha… Forvaltningen forstod det ikke til at starte med, men nu bakker de også op om projektet. Og jeg tror, at det bliver nemmere i fremtiden at få tilladelse til sådanne projekter i fremtiden. Vi spørger ind til fødevarerne og distributionen af de lokale varer. Nina bekræfter udfordringen med vare-distributionen. Der er mange, der gerne vil det, men det er svært at finde ressourcer til det. Og usikkerheden om produktet nu også kommer og, at mængden er stor nok, er en udfordring. Sammen med Finland og Norge har de et projekt kørende med branding af fødevarer og Odsherred er godt på vej. Der findes faktisk 60 Geopark-mærkede fødevarer i Odsherred. Det næste er at få hoteller og restauranter til at bruge de lokale varer, men distributionen er en kæmpe udfordring for de små hoteller og restauranter. De har ikke ressourcer til det. Men der er en hav af gårdbutikker. Vi afslutter med et par anbefalinger fra Nina til vores videre tur rundt i Odsherred. Hun anbefaler landskabsmalerne i Asnæs, en tur igennem stationsbyerne. Stationsbyerne er forfaldne, Klondyke-byerne. Ofte kommer man lidt bag ind i byerne, når man ankommer med toget til stationerne. t andet vigtigt sted er Skamlebæk radiostation, der ligger nede på smeltevandssletten. Området var i den tidligere kommuneplan udpeget til Geocenter. Der er desværre meget kobber i jorden, der gør at jorden er forurenet. Dyr kan ikke græsse der. Derfor er planen om en Geocenter der, sat i bero. Stationen ligger i et natura 2000 område. Vi hilser af med Nina og drager mod Skamlebæk radiostation...

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APPENDIX A (4) 4 Morten Hyllebjerg // Entrepreneur and inhabitant in Fri & Fro

Aim // To be introduced to the sustainable settlement Fri & Fro and how the inhabitants has provided project and initiatives. English Abstract // We (a fellow student and I) meet Morten Hylleberg in his home in Fri & Fro, a alternative settlement in the village Egebjerg in Odsherred. He tells us about his motivation behind the establishment of Fri & Fro – the desire to built something themselves within a collective frame – all built on the idea of sustainability and collectivity. Very low expenses on householding by use of recycling product and solar power, creates the posibility to have only a part-time job and then spend the rest of the time on local development in the village. Morten tells that it has been possible to attract newcomers with children and then keep the day care and school – Fri & Fro has been one of the main actors in this attraction, together with local initiatives and projects. He describes some of the ongoing local projects, including the Egebjerg Juice made by apples from local gardens, the Egebjerg-Ice, the Egebjerg Village Company, The IT- and Entreprenuer House and the Fishing Kayaks for rental and teambuildings. All driven mainly by local engagement. The many local entreprenuers are essential for the positive development tendency in Egebjerg. We end the interview by a guided tour in the IT- and Entreprenuer House. One of the bigger projects in the village. Danish Abstract // Vi starter vores møde i hans private bolig i det bæredygtige bofællesskab Fri & Fro. Morten er fra Jylland, hans kone er fra Valby. Hanne var med på at flytte til Odsherred fordi de kunne gøre det sammen med venner og bekendte. Pga. husenes høje andel af genbrugsmaterialer og brugen af solenergi, er de gældfrie nu – og dette er til trods for, at Morten kun arbejder deltids som politimand og Hanne er studerende på arkitektskolen i København. De har lave leveomkostninger og derfor har de tid og frihed til at være frivillige i Egebjerg. En fjerdedel i Fri og Fro er gældfrie og kan derfor sætte deres arbejdstid ned og engerere sig i den lokale udvikling. Morten fortæller om Egebjerg og om deres udfordringer og potentialer. Iværsætterhuset er etableret for nyligt. De har fået 600.000 kr til at sætte det i stand af kommunen. Huset er etableret i Egebjerg fordi det er her kræfterne er. Skolen har været lukningstruet. Det er et problem fordi folk ikke flytter hertil hvis der ikke er en skole. Men pga. etableringen af Fri & Fro, er børnetallet steget og skolen kunne opretholdes. Udfordringen er at tiltrække nye folk, så børnetallene fortsat kan stige. Egebjerg har en lokal strategi, der bygger på at fortælle hvad Egebjerg har og hvad vi vil, ikke hvad vi vil have. Vi gør det selv, det kan politikere godt lide. I den sammenhæng er kommunikation rigtig vigtig, derfor er Egebjerg gået online med Egebjerg Online og har haft Magasinet Egebladet siden 2012. Egebjerg Genbrug er på facebook og byen har etableret deres eget turistbereau VisitEgebjerg. Morten fortæller videre om forskellige tiltag: Der er ikke særlig mange cykelstier sammenlignet med andre kommuner. Der er mange stier, de er bare dårligt forbundet og vi er afhængig af sammenarbejdet med kommunen. Egebjerg arbejder for at få etableret en ny cykelsti, hvor lodsejerne integreres. Igennem kendskabet til lodsejerne, er det lykkedes at få doneret jord til stien. Morten fortæller om et lokalt varemærke ’Egebjerg pingvinerne’, der er etableret i samerbejde med den lokale kunskter Martin Nybroe. Egebjerg har søgt om penge til flere pingviner, der kan stå rundt i landskabet. Da vi (Morten og Hanne) kom til byen var der nogle år, hvor Brugsen i Egebjerg ikke eksisterede. Brugsen har haft trænge kår, men brugsmanden mener selv at den er blevet etableret igen pga. det lokale engagement i byen, herunder bl.a. et ønske om at købe varer lokalt. Egebjerg mosten sælges også i butikken. For at folk vil flytte til området skal der være alt hvad man skal bruge; skole, købmand, SFO, dagpleje etc. inkl. skov og vand. Vi har det hele indtil børnene skal i 7. klasse. Det er unikt for sådan et lille samfund. Men vi har brug for arbejdspladser! En af de største arbejdspladser

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i kommunen gik konkurs sidste år; Egebjerg Maskinfabrik. Egebjerg Landsbyvirksomhed medvirker til udviklingen af arbejdspladser: En der hedder Jane har købt en madvogn, der sælger mad i Copenhagen Streetfood. Egebjerg Landsbyvirksomhed hjælper med økonomi, rådgivning og iværksætterhuset kan bruges til vidensdeling og kurser. Man skal dog give noget af sit overskud til Landsbyvirksomheden. Der er meget utraditionel iværksætteri, folk arbejder først frivilligt i fritiden og så kan det udvikle sig. Der er mange gode idéer, men det kniber med mennesker der har lyst til at arbejde videre med idéerne. Lige nu har vi Saft & Kraft, der laver æblemost af folks æbler, for at mindske madspild. Siddinge Gårdbutik hjælper med at moste æblerne. Det er et projekt der giver overskud, men folk synes det er sjovt og bliver stolte over historien. Den bliver solgt i Brugsen og andre mindre steder. Vi håber, at at den kan komme til salg i Københavns Fødevarefællesskab og kommer ud til måske 5000 familier. Det er god markedsføring. Yderligere er der et isprojekt igang, der hedder Egebjerg Is. Men det er i sin spæde start. Der er meget fiskevand i området, derfor har vi købt 5 fiskekajakker. Man driver kajakken med føderne og så har man hænderne fri til at fiske. Det er bæredygtigt. Det er også godt for ældre mennesker, de er meget stabile i forhold til normale kajakker. Den aktivitet har vi ikke fået udnyttet helt endnu, vi mangler en person der kunne tage de her kajakker og skabe en virksomhed. Det ville blive til noget. Det kan være en arbejdsplads i fremtiden. Vi vil gerne have at iværksætterhuset kan skabe arbejdspladser. Eva (daglig leder) skulle gerne kunne lønnes på længere sigt – lige nu får vi tilskud fra kommunen til lønningen. Vi spørger til, hvordan Egebjerg kan bruge Geoparken: Vi kan f.eks. bruge Geoparken i forbindelse med branding af Egebjergmosten, men vi laver allerede en masse, der bygger på Geoparkens tanker. Morten fortsætter med at fortælle om de mange idéer, Egevjerg har og vigtigheden af bosætning: Vi har mange idéer med de mange fabriksbygninger der ligger rundt omkring, men det er svært at finde folk til at drive idéerne ud i livet. Mange er dog meget interesseret i at høre om vores arbejde her i Egebjerg med lokal udvikling og etableringen af Fri & Fro. Der er mange der gerne vil have en rundvisning i Fri & Fro. Folk vil gerne høre historien, måske drømmer de om det liv. Morten vil gerne give foredrag omkring sin livsstil, gerne til børn og unge. Vise hvad de livsvalg Morten har gjort, har ført med sig. Det kan måske medvirke til at få andre til at flytte hertil. Kunne man skaffe en gruppe mennesker (det kunne bare være 3 familier), der har lyst til at lave et bofælleskab her i Egebjerg eller omegn evt. i en gammel landbrugsbygning, så vil det hjælpe gevaldigt. Han foryæler om et medbyg koncept, hvor du får et rå-hus af moduler, som man kan bygge videre på. Det er hård og svært at etablere det hele fra bunden, som de har gjort i Fri & Fro. Konceptet med moduler er inspireret af Stig Møller. Det er overskueligt med et rå-hus og det vil give flere mod på at begynde et liv herude. Vi har brug for ny bosætning med nye børnefamilier for at holde skole og børnehaven i gang. At tiltrække nye børnefamilier kræver nytænkning evt. med et bæredygtighedsaspekt - det skal være sjovt og spændende. Folk vil gerne have oplevelser i dag. Morten har selv lært at bygge huse ved selv at tage kurser hvor han hjalp andre med at bygge deres hus. Der er noget tilfredsstillende ved at sætte sit eget præg på sit eget hus. Der er 2-3 børnefamilier der er flyttet herop de seneste år. Børnehaven er gået fra 28 til 40 børn. Men det er vigtigt at blive ved med at få flere børnefamilier hertil, så institution og skole kan drives videre. Vi afslutter snakken i huset og går en tur op til IT- og Iværksætterhuset i Egebjerg: Huset har været den tidligere skole, derefter kursusvirksomhed og børnehave. Beboerne var ærgerlige over, at huset kunne blive købt af nogle private. De lokale ville gerne etablere et lokalt kulturhus, men pengene slog ikke til, så det blev til IT- og Iværksætterhuset i samarbejde med kommunen, som fungerer som et offentligt tilgængeligt hus med virksomhedshotel og kursusvirksomhed. Der er både storkontorer, små enkeltmandsvirksomhed, 10-turs brug af kontorer, konferencelokale, mad-ordning. Egebjerg landsbyvirksomhed holder også til i huset og har skabt basis for etableringen af IT- og Iværksætterhuset. Egebjerg er det eneste sted i Odsherred, hvor der virkelig sker noget. I byrådet er de ved at være lidt trætte af os, over alle vores ideer. Der sker jo kun udvikling i Egebjerg, fordi der er nogle, der gider at gøre noget. Man må tage hånd om sit eget liv engang imellem. Vi vises rundt i hele huset og ser bl.a. Egebjerg-mosten som er et lokalt produkt lavet på håndplukkede æbler fra haverne i Egebjerg og presset i samerbejde med Sidinge Gårdbutik. Vi afslutter rundvisningen og fortsætter vores tur til Dragsholm slot.

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APPENDIX A (5) 5 JOHN ARNBERG & RIKKE LORENTZEN // ENTREPRENEURS AND OWNERS OF ODSHERRED CAMPSITE, NORDSTRAND Aim // To identify the projects started by the new owners of Odsherreds Campsite, Rikke Lorentzen and John Arnberg. English Abstract // The meeting is arranged in Rikke and Johns summer cottage, located close to the campsite. We are talking about possible development potentials in relation to both the capsite, the summer cottage area (Nordstrand) and the connection between the Nybøbing City and the coast. Rikke and John adresses that the campsite has a locked and enclosed structure, which makes it difficult to change the layout from day to day. The campsite has many permanent visitors whom not participate that much in activities and do not know the area very well. The Campsite is challenged by the egneral danish camping culture, where the campers spend the most of their time in their caravans. Rikke and John want to open op the campsite and invite people (both summer cottage owners, inhabitants and tourists) to come in and participate in the activities on the campsite. Furthermore they aiming for challenging the traditional danish camping culture. They arrange several biking tours, morning gymnastics and running, besides different creative projects for children and bonfire. They describe Nordstrand as an area in development and the municipality support the many private initiaives in the area. The municipality and Visit Odsherred see a development potential around Nordstrand because of the many local initiatives. In june an event on the beach with communal eating will take place on Nordstrand Beach. Rikke and John sense a growing interest for the area and a an increase in the focus on tourism in general in Odsherred. They end the meeting by introducing the history of the area and show me historical pictures in their summer cottage, which is one of the first summer villas in the beginning of the 1900s. The area has been through a remarkable transformation from open heathland to dense planned summer cottage areas. The recreation and the collective has been an important element of the area throughout history, including both a beach hotel, a summer restaurant on the beach, a holiday colony for Carlsberg children and today summer cottages. Danish Abstract // Mødet introduceres med, at jeg introducerer tankerne om mit speciale og, hvordan jeg ser området omkring Nordstrand, specielt de store potentialer omkring de mange sommerhusgæster, stranden, landskabet, men også mangel på mødesteder og aktiviteter. Tankerne omkring campingpladsen som nyt omdrejningspunkt for hele området er hovedidéen, inklusiv en forlængelse af sæsonen. Jeg nævner, at campingpladsen har fat i aktiviteterne, men at de kan ligeså godt ske andre steder. Sommerhusområdet er fastlåst i sin struktur. Jeg spørger til det tomme grønne området (5000km2) – Carlberggården, som tidligere var en feriekoloni for Carlsbergbryggernes børn. Det blev sat til salg – en lokal VVS’er købte det, men finanskrisen satte projektet i stå. Det skal fastholdes til ferieformål. Området må ikke udstykkes til sommerhuse. Rikke fortæller om Nordstrandvej, som i dag er meget befærdet. Hun ønsker, at der skal skabes bedre forhold for gående og cyklende. Det er hovedforbindelsen mellem kyst og by, men lige nu er denne akse ikke iscenesat særlig godt. Jeg underbygger med at fortælle om de forskellige typologier man går igennem ad Nordstrandsvej; kysten, sommerhusområderne, industriområderne, parcelhusene, bykernen. Vi snakker om forskellige tiltag i området, herunder udvikling af aktivitetstilbudene med ponton-bro, fiskeri, foreninger. Jeg spørger til campingpladsens opbygning, hvor fastlåst strukturen er og om der er mulighed for at omrokere pladsen. De bekræfter, at der er mulighed for at udvide kerneområdet ved forpladsen osv. De henviser til Sille Crüger i kommune, der er campingpladsens kontaktperson. Vi snakker videre om campingpladsens udviklingsmuligheder og jeg italesætter mulighederne for alternativ overnatning, evt. i skoven, ved stranden, i plantagen. Campisterne sætter sig ned og laver det samme. Vi vil jo gerne åbne op for et andet segment, der vil bruge naturen. For nogle af dem har ikke været i en radius af 1km fra pladsen. Sidste år havde vi en tur, hvor vi gik langs strande og da vi var gået 200m, havde de aldrig været længere. Campisterne er meget fastlåste i deres måde at holde ferie på. Ny udvikling vil

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konflikte med den tradiotionelle campist. Jeg problematisere de få muligheder på campingpladsen og, at pladsen står i kontrast til det området den ligger i. Det er en meget konform plads, bekræfter John. En relation mellem sommerhusejere og campisterne via deres indkøb i butikken – her kunne informeres om nye aktiviteter. Jeg italesætter kombinationen af hverdagsliv og tursime. Den faste hverdagsrytme oversættes til fritidslandskabet. Den faste løbetur. Fitnesstræningen erstattes af morgengymnastikken. Aftenkaffen af en tur op på Torvet. Svært at trække folk ind på pladsen – vi vil ikke have skilte med BT, premiereis osv. Vi har også fjernet vores bom. Jeg spørger til stisystemerne og John tegner de få stier, der findes, på et kort. Det viser sig, at der stadig er tegn på de gamle opdelinger af området, Skærby, Vibo, Nordstrand, med hegn nogle steder. Det er en udfordring i dag. Der er få stiforbindelser. Man kan primært følge grusvejene, som er meget stringent planlagt i parallelle linier. De fortæller om en strand-event i juni, som VisitOdsherred arrangerere. De har valgt stranden ved Nordstrand, da der er flere medspillere i området, bl.a. campingpladsen. Turistorganisationen ser dette område som et område, hvor der sker noget og derfor vil det være fint, hvis man kunne fortsætte denne positive bølge, siger John. Jeg problematiserer i den sammenhæng, at der er få aktiviteter ved strandene og henviser til kortet fra Visions- og udviklingsplanen for Odsherred. Fra kommunens side af, er der nogle ret positive holdninger til området. Jeg spørger til, hvordan folk har taget imod de ændringer til Rikke og John har lavet på campingpladsen. Reaktionerne er generelt positive, med i alle forandringsprocesser, er der modstandere. Men med tiden, håber vi, at dét segment vi laver noget for, også kommer. Odsherred har ikke gjort ret meget for at bruge naturen. John henviser til Queenstown, som er det ekstreme eksempel på at aktiverer naturen. Men kommunen har indset, at der skal ske lidt mere på turisme-siden. John henviser til, at Geoparken er i gang med at udvikle sig til en akadmisk geopark i stedet for en ektiv geopark (henviser til Queenstown). Det kan godt være, at der er en masse teorier omkring landskabet, men hvorfor ikke bare bruge det. Rikke fortæller om, at de ønsker at lave campingpladsen til en cykelcampingplads. Både endags-cyklister til og tur-cyklister (cykelferie). F.eks. ønskes at tilbyde opladning af mo biler, et cykelværksted med pumpe, trætelte (hun henviser til New Zealand). I stede for at slå deres eget telt op, kan de bo i trætelte. Vi har også haft kontakt til én, der lavede en træboks til at sove i. Vi vil gerne have sådan nogle forskellige overnatningsmuligheder på sigt. John fortæller om fastlæggere og de mekanismer, der følger med det: Havldelen kan være fastlæggere. Hver plads skal udlejes 35-40 dage om året. Så modsvarer det udgifterne. Men fastlæggerne lægger nogle penge i februar måned, som er sikre uanset vejret. Det giver en fast kapital. Hvis man er sikre på at få gæster mere end 35-40 dage om året pr. plads, behøver du ikke fastlæggere. Vi ønsker egentlig ikke fastlæggere på sigt, da det fastholder pladsens struktur. Hvis vi ikke har fastlæggerne, vil det give meget mere rum til at omstrukturere pladsen. Jeg spørger til deres projekt i Algade 24, en kommende ny butik for lokale fødevarer. En inspiration fra Copenhagen Streetfood. Jeg spørger til koblingen mellem campingpladsen og Algade. Der er ikke nogen direkte kobling, men det er klart, at de vil benytte sig af, at sende folk ud til stranden/campingpladsen, og omvendt sende folk ind til Algade. Fastlæggerne er én type og så er der dem, der tager på ferie heroppe (turister) og derefter sommerhusbeboerne (som ofte kommer fra kbh). Så campingpladsen skal også tale til forskellige segmenter. Jeg referer til, at jeg snakkede med tre forskellige sommerhusejere og alle tre refererer til, at de bruger campingpladsen i forskellige sammenhænge, bl.a. indkøb. Campingpladsen er i deres bedvidsthed. Rikke fortæller om, at de har en nyhedsmail til pt. 250 personer (sommerhusejere+andre, bl.a. fra Nykøbing). Derudover har de sendt flyere ud til sommerhusene. Selvom torvet ved campingpladsen ikke er bekendt af alle sommerhusejere, er der meget positive tilbagemeldinger, når folk finder det. Men ting tager tid, siger John. Det skal forankre sig. Dem, der har været heroppe i mange år i sommerhusene kender campingpladsen på en måde – og nu har vi ændret det – og hvornår forankres det. Der er helt sikkert mange, der ikke har ikke har campingpladsen i deres mindset. Det er en udfordring at få folk sluset herind, men det er svært når butikken ligger tilbagetrukket fra gaden. Vi skal have hevet folk ind, men vi har jo ikke lige en million kroner til at skyde i det.

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Jeg beskriver begrebet Site Reach og, at det er aktuelt at bruge i denne sammenhæng, hvor man kan arbejde med at få stedet til at trække sig mere ud. Rikke nævner kort, at det er en Blå Flag strand. Men det er klart, at hvis man får lavet nogle flere aktiviteter, uden at ødelægge naturen, vil det lokke flere børnefamilier til, når der både er en god strand og aktiviteter. Rikke nævner, at en Pontonbro vil være rigtig godt. Blæsten skifter en del ved stranden. Den kan både være meget børnevenlig og ret blæsende. Men der er ingen aktiviteter i dag, der er en strand og noget natur, men der er ikke nogen, der kommer og giver den noget indhold, siger John. Vi snakker om, at der heller ikke er nogle foreninger i området. Rikke har kun set nogle stavgængere i løbet af vinteren. Vi vil gerne introducere et løbehold i år, men det er svært. Nu laver vi cykelkort. Vi havde i efteråret en række aktiviteter. I den sammenhæng havde vi en cykeltur til Hov Vig fuglerecervatet. Nogle af fastlæggerne kørte med og de var helt imponerede over reservatet. De havde aldrig været i Hov Vig, selvom de havde været på pladsen i 12 år. John snakker om, at der er gode Noching-muligheder – at lede sporet til folk. De vil jo egentlig gerne, men de kan bare ikke selv sætte det i gang. Folk har jo intentionerne og de vil jo så gerne, men de skal noches ud. Andre er jo super aktive, men der er mange, der ikke bruger området eller ved, hvad det er. Det er ikke fordi vi skal være et mini turist-bureau, men alligevel. Rikke siger, at der er rigtig mange muligheder for at være lille turistbureau. Vi har en god kontakt til campisterne. Vi har fjernet alle turistbrochurene, da campisterne ikke tager langt væk. Vi har kun det, der er Odsherred-relevant. Det kan vi formidle bedre. Jeg har tænkt mig., at vi skal lave nogle ture med Jørgen Stoltz nede på stranden. Vi vil gerne lave en hel månedskalender i et årshjul. Men det må ikke koste ret meget at lave. Events’ne skal kunne køre rundt selv. Men det kan være, at det medfører flere gæster og derfor er en del af markedsføringen. Jeg spørger til en udvidelse af sæsonen og henviser til, at campingpladsen også kan bruges som et samlingssted for dem om vinteren (flere og flere bruger husene som helårsbeboelse). Der sker en transformation mange steder, hvor gamle huse fjernes og nye sættes op. Det kan give mulighed for at udvide sæsonen, fordi huset er bedre at bo i om vinteren – de fysiske faciliteter er bedre. Aftener for pensionister, mødesteder. Fra Odsherreds kommunes side, vil man gerne have nogle købestærke folk. Hans-Jørgen (turistchefen) siger (hans dogme), at hvis alle sommerhusbeboere bruger deres hus 2 dage mere om året, vil det betyde x antal arbejdspladser mere. Men hvordan får vi folk til at blive længere (aktiviteter?). Hvordan gør vi lige det. Hvad er det lige man vil tilbyde, for at de vil blive to dage mere? Er det aktiviteter, Geopark, fester mv? En udvidelse af sæsonen vil hjælpe gevaldigt. Derfor snakkes der om Hovedsæson (juli-start august), Skuldersæson juni og sep. Måske kan sæsonen strækkes længere og længere ud. uge 29 i skagen kommer aldrig her. Og det vil man nok også gern undgå. Rikke spørger til om jeg har kendskab til det første badehotel, der lå ved Nordstrand og de fortæller om historien om området. Så der er altid nogen, der har holdt godt af området. Badehotel, dernæst restaurant. Igennem historien har der altid været interesse for området. Nykøbingboerne har taget herud. Husene langs vandet – bygget af samme arkitekt. Nykøbingborgere, der var flyttet til kbh, købte en stor klat jord ti billige penge heroppe. Nykøbingborgerne etblerede badehuse på Nordstrand, mens de boede i købstaden. Badehotellet nedlagt, da sommerhusene vandt indpas. Historisk har Nordstrand været forankret som et fritidssted, hvor man brugte vandet og stranden. Først har der været græsning og fiskeri, dernæst landbrug efter udflytning. Den dårlige jord blev opkøbt til sommerhusbrug. Få fattige fiskere har været etableret i bugten og nogle af de tidlige fiskerhytter, er brugt som de første sommervillaer. KK. Steincke - Kanslergadeforliget 1933 – forliget, der ligger grunden for hele arbejdsmarkedsmodellen – staten sikrede. Steincke gik i klasse med CC. Hansen (kapitalist) – kom i Ø.K., Tjente penge på sojabønner, 1912 var han hjemme igen – han opkøbte alt land op til hovedvejen. Frasolgte land i 20erne – beholdte 60.000 km2 ved vandet – det samme gjorde Steincke (socialist). Byggede husene ved vandet – samme arkitekt. Det var starten på sommervillaerne langs Nordstranden. Folk rystede på hovedet af dem, da de købte sandjord. Området indeholder en lang kulturhistorie fra gammelt fritidsområde, åbent land til tætbebyggede sommerhusområder. Det gamle Nykøbings Fed. Rikke viser mig en række fotos og malerier, der hænger i deres hus, som bevidner om den historiske udvikling af området og vi afslutter mødet.

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APPENDIX A (6) 6 Sille Krüger // Business Consultant in the Municipality of Odsherred, Planning, Construction and Business Aim // To be introduced to the work by the municipality in the area around Nordstrand. English Abstract // Sille tells about the projects by the municipality in the area og Nordstrand; The main project is, what they call, a beach station, which include new toilet and shower facilities, cabins, wi-fi and a view point. The municipality wants to create better beach facilities and more attractive beaches. The municipality do not have a masterplan for the area of Nordstrand, but the Beach Station will together with local initiatives, for instance the development of the campsite, create a positive development of the area. She describes the challenges in project close to the coastline, becaouse of the many planning restrictions, however the Nature Sgency has been positive about the beach station. Danish Abstract // Sille beskriver hvilke initiativer, der er gjort omkring Nordstrand, fra kommunens side af: Kommunen er ikke igang med et samlet forskønnelsesprojekt, men der opsættes en strandstation (med wc, brus, skabe, wi-fi og udsigtspost) nedlægges gamle faciliteter. Samtidig har vi planlagt at rive en gammel kommunal kiosk ned, og plante græs. Derudover gør John og Rikke meget på deres campingplads. Samlet vil det forskønne området. Strandstationen er en demo-model og skal formidle gode badestrande og tilhørende faciliteter. Vi har brug for lækre strande. Vi har fra kommunens side sat turbo på i forhold til at påvirke erhvervsudviklingen. Strandstationen er et bud på dette. Der er i gangsat et nyt initiativ omkring inddragelse af sommerhusbeboerne i kommunens planlægning. Projektet er relateret til sol.dk (Sommerhusrådet Odsherreds Landliggere) og ledes af Marie Juul Madsen. Der er fremsat ønsker til trafikale ændringer på Nordstrandsvej, men der planlægges ikke ændringer fra kommunens side p.t. Jeg spørger til, hvilke muligheder, der er for at udvide strandstationen med andre strandaktiviteter, f.eks. en pontonbro, opbevaring af udstyr mv? Der er mange restriktioner og strandstationen har fået dispensation, men Naturstyrelsen var i sidste ende positive overfor strandstationen. Til slut spørger jeg efter en afklaring vedr. lokalplaner i området: Der er ingen lokalplan for Campingspladsen og der er en lokalplan under udarbejdelse vedr. Carlsberggrunden (fortsat til koloni)

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APPENDIX B (1)

The campsite is today characterized by a locked structure both in relation to vegetation and the physical layout. Nordstrandsvej separate the campsite in two parts and a collective zone placed in the middle of the campsite, separate the camp areas. Many permanent caravans and few tents support the locked structure. A fence and a dense vegetation along the edge create an enclosed feeling and low connectivity.

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APPENDIX B (2)

In phase 1 there is a focus on establish a new center - Nordstrand Square, that can work as a new focal point in the area providing both activities, information and accomodation. The campsite edge start to dissolve by removing the fence and thin the edge vegetation. The existing landscape typologies outside the campsite (the forest, the plantation and the dunes) are expanded into the campsite aiming for an integration of the campsite into the context. The new vegetation start breaking the existing locked layout of the campsite. Along with the physically changes, the structural relations are developed and expanded through an integration of new stakeholders.

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APPENDIX B (3)

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In phase 2 there is a focus on a re-organization of the campsite by adding new huts that continue the dissolution af the layout by removing caravans where new huts (a) are established. The edge vegetation are further dissolved and new physical connections (5 paths) are established in cadastral bounderies to connect the campsite to the surrounding area. The new vegetation on the campsite has grown bigger and create new spatialities within each typology. In relation to the ocean are established a pontoon bridge to create better acces to the ocean and to water-related activities. The campsite is on its way to be integrated in its context. The structural network are further developed.

APPENDIX B (4)

In phase 3 the edge vegetation is fully dissolved and the new vegetation on the campsite has grown bigger. Two new types of huts are added; a wooden tent (B) and a forest hut (C). The new huts continue the dissolution and help process a new character of the campsite, together with the vegetation and the new connections. To clarify and visualize the dissolution of the campsite layout and a more public character, there is established 6 wooden tents in the dunes. Nordstrand Square has become a new recreational focal point.

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