REINCARNATION OF VINTAGE AUDIO ERA
A journey to
REINCARNATION OF VINTAGE AUDIO ERA
Master Thesis, Livins Varghese Advisers: Prof. Uwe Gellert, Prof. Mark Kwami
This thesis journey wouldn’t be complete without me giving due acknowledgement to the people who helped, supported and guided me in the process. I thank my advisors Prof. Uwe Gellert and Prof. Mark Kwami for their support and guidance. The project structure development wouldn't have been possible without their experienced guidance and also the freedom with which I could work with them. My father is the one who indirectly developed within me a passion for all that is being done by me today. I shout out loud big thanks to Sandra Giegler my mentor in my thesis and my friends for their tremendous help and support.
“The best way to wrap your head around upcycling is to stop looking at objects as waste” Outsmart Waste- Tom Szaky
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Table of Content Introduction 11 Motivation 13 PART A - The Journey to ReInc 15 1.
Upcycling- A journey through 17
2.
Pioneers in upcycling 19
3.
Upcycling story through local artists 23
4.
My upcycle journey 25
5.
Addiction to Electronics: Our lives and environment 27 PART B - The Journey of ReInc 31
6.
Preoject ReInc 33 Old Vs New 35 Where from and where to 37 Reincarnation 43
7.
How to reach people 47
8.
Challenges in Project ReInc Future of Project ReInc 51
9.
Impact 53
10.
Conclusion 55
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Useful links 57 Reference 59
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Introduction
Upcycling, also known as creative reuse, is the process of transforming by-products, waste materials, useless, or unwanted products into new materials or products of better quality or for better environmental value. Our society having an addiction to have new and latest consumer electronics comes at a high cost to ourselves and to our planet. For this reason, it is extremely important to upcycle electronic devices in a proper manner. In addition to upcycling, if we’re able to use our devices longer, we can reduce the number of them produced, which will save vital limited resources and conserve much needed energy as well this is why upcycling is more relevant in today’s context. Project ReInc is an upcycling venture, giving a new life to vintage audio era at the same time making them compatible and updated to current times. project ReInc strength also is in the fact that mass stream production and focus on maximizing profit by manufacturers have greatly resulted in the quality deterioration of audio devices. So if we care more about sound quality than features, upcycling of vintage audio era is a very feasible alternative.
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Motivation
My incredible passion for music and my love and interest in the upcycling of electronic devices from childhood is the drive behind the thinking and development of this thesis project.
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PART A
The Journey to ReInc
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Stone Age Axe
Uri
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Chapter 1
Upcycling- A journey through verb
gerund or present participle: upcycling Reuse (discarded objects or material) in such a way as to create a product of higher quality or value than the original.
Developments Look around, Upcycling is happening around in different ways. It started with the varying needs of human race. Like in stone age, man-made axes from the materials they found around. They sharpened rocks and made it user-friendly by adding wooden handles. Women in India used to make a very interesting storage unit for food. It was made from banana fibres and coconut fibre rope(coir) together with earthen pots and is called the “Uri”. This helped them in hanging the roof from the ceilings of their dwellings and was a way to keep it out of the reach of pets and kids. Upcycling was there around us from the very beginning of human activities. The first use of the term “Upcycling” was by Reiner Pilz of Pilz GmbH in an article by Thornton Kay of Salvo in 1994. Later in 2002, William McDonough and Michael Braungart’s book ‘Cradle to Cradle - Remaking the Way We Make Things’ brought the term into the public eye and solidified its use in pop culture. McDonough and Braungart were pioneers in the field of upcycling, advocating that we should all strive to extend a product's life or give a new life.
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A simple model of the Cradle to Cradle philosophy depicting the biosphere and the technosphere
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Chapter 2
Pioneers in upcycling William McDonough And Michael Braungart (Cradle to Cradle) William McDonough and Michael Braungart are pioneers in the field of upcycling. They created ‘Cradle to cradle’ design approach and certification. They followed a biomimetic approach in the designing of products and systems that support Upcycling. In this process, they model human industry on nature's processes viewing materials as nutrients circulating in healthy, safe metabolisms. They suggest that industries must protect and enrich ecosystems and nature's biological metabolism while also maintaining a safe, productive technical metabolism for high-quality use and circulation of organic and technical nutrients. Put simply, it is a holistic economic, industrial and social framework that seeks to create systems that are not only efficient but also essentially waste free. This model in its broad sense is not just limited to industrial design and manufacturing but also can be applied to many other aspects of human civilization such as urban environment, buildings, economics and effective social systems. The prime criteria are to reduce the consumption of new raw materials when creating new products, which can thereby help in reducing pollution in various forms as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These are the what brought them to upcycling and to start off with the concept of cradle to cradle.
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Terracycle
Hipcycle
Adidas and Parley
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Chapter 2 Terracycle TerraCycle is a private small business enterprise headquartered in Trenton, New Jersey, U.S. The consumer products are from pre-consumer and post-consumer waste and by reusing other waste materials. Known for its environmentally friendly aspects, TerraCycle offers a range of free programs that are funded by conscientious companies, as well as recycling solutions available for purchase for almost every form of waste. And they offer free recycling programs funded by brands, manufacturers, and retailers around the world to help us to collect and recycle our hard-to-recycle waste. Simply choose the programs we would like to join; start collecting in your home, school, or office; download free shipping labels, and send them your waste to be recycled. Even we can earn rewards for your school or favourite non-profit organization. Hipcycle Hipcycle is one of the leading online stores for upcycled goods. They collect pre-consumer and post-consumer waste and create new products and sells them through their online platform. They are similar in function and ideas as to Terracycle. The materials used to make the products featured on Hipcycle are not purchased from stores or manufacturers. Rather, everything is made from items that would otherwise have ended up in a trash heap. Some dedicated product partners actually scour their local dump for items to upcycle, removing garbage from the waste stream! Adidas and Parley Products Adidas works with Parley to transform ocean plastic pollution into high-performance sportswear, spinning the problem into a solution. ‘The threat into a thread’.
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tombox 480
STW Design
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Chapter 3
Upcycling story through local artists Defabrik Diefabrik is a manufacturing shop founded 2009 in Leipzig, Germany, where designer products and furniture are built in small batches. Every product is made from the sustainable material or old objects which are reused in a novel conceptional way. All products are developed and manufactured by the team of Diefabrik with the aim to create a diverse portfolio of exceptional pieces with a unique sustainable design. Most importantly throughout this research study, this could be an important example. One of their product lines is called, the ‘TOMBOX’. The Tombox is one of their classic, the original loudspeaker was manufactured in Leipzig by the company RFT. Now after 30 years, it's in Leipzig again, the speaker finds it's new purpose as a Tombox. Even today the design is very convincing and thanks to the broadband loudspeaker the sound is great and the battery lasts up to 30 hours. STW Design Stuart N.R Wolfe is an upcycling artist from Berlin. He collects old cycle parts and transforms them into designer lamps. He was a bronze sculpture artist and during his Berlin life he found out that the people in Berlin loves cycles and there are a lot of cycle parts lying around and being thrown out into the garbage. He begins his research on how these cycle parts can be turned useful and that was just the beginning. He then came up with the idea of the upcycling design approach. He started collecting old cycle parts from the streets, suppliers, repairing shops and transformed them into designer lamps, slowly he had a great success story to tell. He is also focussed on how he can reach out to the more needy and collaborates with disabled persons to make designer lamps, helping them and the environment.
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VCR player to a 300 W 6 ch computer speaker system ; Using 2 x 2.1 Creative amplifier , 1 x subwoofer power amplifier (Powertrick circuit) and 1 x Philips power mono amplifier. For the subwoofer and speakers Sony Aiwa SSX - VX33S. And Refurbished and add new cloth design to subwoofer.
Rebirth of a speaker system
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Chapter 4
My upcycle journey As far as I recollect my childhood days, I can say upcycling was a part of my life. It was not something which I forced myself into, it's something that grew with me. Even Though I didn't know the concept of upcycling in depth. My father really inspired me to this. He used to make televisions combining several parts from different broken or condemned ones. Not only televisions, he used to transform or bring back to life all kind of electronic devices. Knowingly or unknowingly I was a part of these system happening around me, it was what I used to see on a daily basis slowly I picked it up from him and the passion started within me to go ahead and explore the possibilities in the concept of electronic upcycling. My projects are related to audio device upcycling, I should say have a very keen interest in audio devices and I'm very passionate about music. I never leave behind unused electronic circuits or broken audio device parts from friends or what I come across left underused or abandoned. My friends and family also help me in this knowing my passion in reusing and refurbishing them into new products and in being out of the box. The passion to audio and music within me clubbed with the interest for upcycling resulted in the rebirth of several audio devices one of them being a 6 channel surround sound amplifier, made possible by bringing back into use several different parts from different devices and places.
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Interesting Facts Sweden plans to introduce tax breaks for minor repairs in an effort to reduce waste and protect the environment. It is hoped the move will encourage Swedes to fix their bicycles, clothes and shoes instead of buying new items. Per Bolund is Sweden's minister for financial markets and consumer affairs and is behind of the move.
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Chapter 5 Addiction to Electronics -Our lives and environment In the modern world, people keep buying electronic gadgets. Even though the old devices are working, people wants to buy new upgraded electronic devices. Moreover, there are intensive levels of energy and work required to design, assemble, package, ship, and deliver them around the world to consumers. Not to mention that millions of devices are replaced once, twice, maybe even three times a year by customers eager for something better. The EPA (U.S Environmental Protection Agency) estimates that over 438 million electronic devices were sold in 2009, which is twice the amount sold in 1997. According to the EPA, “Electronic products are made from valuable resources and materials, including metals, plastics, and glass, all of which require energy to mine and manufacture. Donating or recycling consumer electronics conserves our natural resources and avoids air and water pollution, as well as greenhouse gas emissions that are caused by manufacturing virgin materials.� There are lot ways to overcome this situation, 1. Reuse old devices or their parts 2. Effective use of second-hand goods market 3. Donate them to charities. 5. Recycle Broken Electronic Devices & Computer 6. Trade Old Electronics For Gift Cards (Trade-in Parts. 7. Upcycle Electronic Devices store) Keep The Cycle Going: Generally, any electronic device or its parts can be reused, upcycled, gifted, donated, traded, sold, or recycled. Ideally, all devices will go through every single one of these stages before being reborn as a completely new gadget and starting the cycle all over again.
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Chapter 5
Upcycling of Audio Devices - Keep the cycle going According to Global Source limited, in July 2016 Bluetooth speakers are ranked first among popular electronic consumer product. Further studies show that people search for consumer products like, Bluetooth headsets, HiFi stereo systems etc which are related to each other in the audio device family. If we take 100 people, 60 of them are thrashing their old devices and buying new ones. Rest of them keeps or stores the old electronics like, vintage HiFis, radios etc for the memories or the value they possess. Given a new life/ repurpose the audio electronics is one of the best segments where practical and a novel sustainable approach can be achieved by providing an alternative option for people from buying new audio devices. So, in my thesis project, I envision upcycling combined with my interest in audio devices. Upcycling of old electronic devices collected from streets, suppliers, repairing shops, flea markets, electronic waste and transforming them into unique exceptional pieces of sustainable art and audio. In particular focusing special cases of refurbishing and upgrading vintage devices out of client interests and market demands, which we see people have a passion for.
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PART B
The Journey of ReInc
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Interesting Facts Reincarnation is the philosophical or religious concept that an aspect of a living being starts a new life in a different physical body or form after each biological death. It is also called rebirth or transmigration and is a part of the SamsÄ ra doctrine of cyclic existence.
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Chapter 6
Project ReInc Initial Target Place: Berlin Target people: People interested in vintage audio equipment, Collectors The name ReInc derived from the word Reincarnation. This upcycling project that will be based in Berlin. The main idea behind project ReInc is giving a new life to vintage audio era at the same time making them compatible and updated to current times. The project also focuses on the upgrading of existing working and defective devices, specialising on vintage devices like, Radios, HiFi, Speakers, Tape Recorder etc. One of the prime criteria is to reduce the consumption of new raw materials in creating new products, which can thereby help in reducing pollution in various forms as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These can also help in reducing the ever increasing buying nature of people by providing alternatives in reusing the existing devices in a novel and sustainable way.
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Luxman 5C50 Pioneer SX-1980
Luxman 5C50 Vintage transistor based Amplifiers
JBL Charge 2 Modern IC based Amplifier
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Chapter 6
Old Vs New: It's quite unfortunate that mainstream manufacturers have long back given up selling receivers based on sound quality. Basically, if we cross-examine an audio receiver built in the 1980s to that in the present day by any mainstream manufacturer, the quality differences in make is quite evident. From circuit design, components, materials technology and above all sound quality delivered everything is getting compromised and in fact, the industry is going backwards. All that manufacturers care about is the feature list to keep up with market demands and by doing so they end up paying a lot of money in the form of royalties and licensing fees and have to make do with whatever is left to make the receiver sound good. Manufacturers no longer take pride in their engineering skills and designing entire receivers in-house as in the 1980s. We still come across the 80s made devices running well in comparison to the short life of recent devices. The mass stream production and focus on maximising profit add to the quality deterioration. So if we care more about sound quality than features, look around for a great old receiver
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Straร e des 17.Juni
Mauerpark
Trรถdelmarkt Arkonaplatz
Flohmarkt Boxhagener Platz
Arkonaplatz
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Chapter 6
Where from and where to During the quest to start this project in Berlin, the important question was, where to find the devices. The quest finalised into two major categories, 1. Collection through project leads 2. Individuals out of personal interest Where from 1. Collection through project leads In this method the project's sources of devices will be from individually collected and studied devices from the following possibilities: A. Flea market According to Berlin.de there are 8 flea markets in and around Berlin. They are Flea Market at Straße des 17.Juni, Flea Market at Boxhagener Platz, Flea Market at Bode Museum, Art Market at Zeughaus, Nowkoelln Flowmarkt, Flea Market at Mauerpark, Flea Market at Rathaus Schöneberg, Flea Market at Fehrbelliner Platz. On a personal study and understanding of the Flea market, the best opportunities to get vintage audio devices are from the Flea Market at Straße des 17.Juni, Flea Market at Mauerpark and Flea Market at Rathaus Schöneberg B. Second Hand Store Cnr Kopenhagener & Malmöer Straße, Prenzlauer Berg
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Chapter 6
C. Repair Cafés Some of the repair cafés in berlin are the best places to come across dumped and trashed audio devices and they also often provide working models in a cheap rate which are refurbished locally and can be upgraded with the concept of Re Inc. some stores worth checking out are: Retro Audio.Steglitz, Peters Werkstatt.Kreuzberg, Repair Café.Schöneberg, Audiophon.Neukölln, Elektrostübchen. Schöneweide D. ReInc Pop-up stores Pop-up stores will be organised, managed and publicised on various platforms for the purpose of sales, collection and in conveying the concepts of ReInc. E. Electronic dump from the streets and corresponding companies In our day to day life in berlin, we come across a considerable situation of electronic devices left for free collection or dumped along the streets, these are also considerable. Along with this, there are specific organisations that does electronic waste recycling where from there is a good possibility for collecting these devices such as, Berliner Stadtreinigungsbetriebe, Alba Group, Deutsche recycling. F. Online Platforms www.ebay-kleinanzeigen.de www.bsr.de/verschenkmarkt Facebook: Free your stuff Berlin Sell your Stuff Berlin, Free#Sell #Buy#your stuff Berlin
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Flea Market
People
Drop Off
Pick up
Shipping
Repair Caffe
Online
Collecting
Project ReInc Online
Upgrade Source
Online
Flea Market
Online
Shipping
Customer
(Figure 1) Working model of Project ReInc.
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Chapter 6
Where to 2. Individuals out of personal interest Drop Off In this method interested individuals or organisations can request for the upcycling of their old electronic devices or they can donate to project ReInc. This is basically done in three different ways as explained below. Pick Up The customers have the option to turn up directly at the project hub, organise a direct pick up from the project people via phone or email request or they can choose to ship the devices. Shipping The customers can communicate with the project organisers and then choose the program they would like to take up over the project online platform. Through the platform, the customers get free shipping labels with which they can send their devices to be recycled or upgraded.
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Audio out Bluetooth audio receiver module 5v Power supply board from Old Charger 5v out to the module Tape audio in (Use as aux input)
Radio circuit board -Locating the on board amplifier. And Power supply
Power supply from the Radio Connect power supply Setup the Upgrade circuit boards to the radio
Bluetooth module audio output to Radio Amplifier
Bluetooth power on Switch Extended to Outside.
Power supply
Switch placed in the top for easy access.
Project ReInc Case #01
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Chapter 6 Reincarnation ReInc - what we do At ReInc the focus is on the upgrading of existing working and defective devices, specialising on vintage devices like Radios, HiFi, Speakers, Tape Recorder etc. This is primarily being done in two different ways, Upgrade In this method, the working devices from the vintage era are being updated to the current trends and needs in the market. Features like Bluetooth and wifi streaming features are added to these devices. Repair and Upgrade In this method, the defective devices are brought back to life by in-house repair possibilities as well as in collaboration with repair cafes and professionals in the field of audio devices. These are then upgraded.
Project ReInc Case #01 Type: Radio Name: Loewe Opta R 174 Year of manufacturing: 1971 From: eBay kleinanzeigen Cost: 29Euro Type: Pickup Status: Working Features: Tape Input(Current Aux-In technology), Recording Out Upgrade: Model: CSL - Audio Bluetooth Receiver Cost: 14Euro Total Cost: 43Euro Possible selling price: 80-100Euro Competitive company selling price: 150Euro< Shipping: 20-30Euro(10kg-DHL) Upgrade Method: Connect Bluetooth Audio output to Tape input.
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Douk Audio TPA3116 Bluetooth 4.0 HiFi Amplifier
Vintage Speakers Aux-in, power supply components Potentiometers Potentiometer Power, 12v Separate Vintage speakers
Potentiometer Knobs. Power In
Aux-In
Aux-In
Another possible upgrade - Use the power supply and speakers from the device integrate to the Bluetooth amplifier. Or the Bluetooth audio receivermodule connects to Tape-in.
Project ReInc Case #02
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Chapter 6
Project ReInc Case #02 Type: Radio Name: Grundig RF 740 Year of manufacturing: 1979/1980 From: Repair Shop Cost: 30Euro Type: Pickup Status: Working Features: Tape/Recording In Upgrade: Model: Douk Audio TPA3116 Bluetooth 4.0 HiFi Amplifier Cost: 35Euro Total Cost: 65Euro Possible selling price: 100-150Euro Competitive company selling price: 300Euro< Shipping: 20-30Euro(10kg-DHL) Possible Upgrades: Use the same previous method/ Adding Bluetooth audio amplifier Upgarde Methord: Convert/upgrade the radio into a Bluetooth audio speaker using completely upcycled components except TPA3116 Bluetooth 4.0 HiFi Amplifier.
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Berlin Design Market
Recycled Creativity Festival 2016
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Chapter 7 How to reach people Building an upcycling personal project in a certain place needs to have a strong and effective advertising strategies. This is being done in different ways to make the project reach the people. 1. Offline 2. Online 1. Offline Ground level marketing and awareness, which is more of a direct individual based experience is the key in this method. Upcycling festivals, flea markets, design markets, social meet ups are all the different platforms which can be effectively put into use. For instance, there are a lot of NGO’s doing upcycling festivals around the world to reach the people with their projects and ideas. These NGO’s collects consumer electronic products and upcycle them and the money from this is used for charity. Any NGO’s or upcycling projects from around the world can be part of these. Giving free workshops through these sort of festivals is one of the best ways. Some examples are: Americaupcycles(Cause International Inc) According to Julie Shane president and CEO of Americaupcyles, in 2008 the USA disposed of 3.16 millions of electronic devices. That’s their initial motive to begin Americanupcycles. These programs were created by Cause International Into help eradicate toxic e-waste from entering landfills, reduce carbon emissions, and create charitable giving through the Upcycling of corporate and consumer electronics. They are creating worldwide festivals for giving awareness about e-waste using upcycling way of approach.
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Project ReInc
Offline
Online
Target People
(Figure 2) How to reach target audience .
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Chapter 7
YEE's International Upcycling campaign YEE's International Upcycling campaign took place over 6 months in 6 different countries. The campaign has been funded with support from the Council of Europe and European Youth Foundation. Recycledcreativity Recycledcreativity is a Berlin-based recycling and Upcycling NGO, pretty similar to YEEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s international Upcycling Campaign. Design Market(Berlin) Berlin-Design, Designer Markt, Handmade Berlin, Design Akademie Berlin. Social meet up collaboration with cafes, clubs, public events and musicians so as to make the project reach out to people on a very local level. 2. Online The project is also being given a public reach through paid online platform network marketing options such as SEO (Search engine optimization) and SMO(Social media optimization). Social Meetup(Online) www.meetup.com
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Chapter 8
1. Challenges in Project ReInc There are a few issues that almost any old receiver will have, even if they had been well taken care of by the previous owner. These issues stem from the limited lifespan of certain components. Three main issues are Old capacitors, Scratchy controls, Blown bulbs. One of the other main challenges is the lack of availability of compatible replacement parts.
2. Future of Project ReInc project ReInc looks forward to being in line with the trends in the market and it's quite obvious from the market study that the feature list is what attracts most of the customers. for this Project ReInc is in the process of adding features such as wifi audio streaming, project ReInc developed Bluetooth modules and amplifiers.
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Chapter 9
Impact 1. Environmental impact While having the latest and greatest electronic devices can be fun, necessary, or both, our addiction to having them comes at a high cost to ourselves and our planet. Enormous amounts of raw, often limited, resources are used to make these devices This results in a large amount of hazardous household waste that is often irresponsibly discarded in the trash. When electronics are not recycled properly, the raw materials inside them leech toxic chemicals into the ground, spoiling both our water and food supply for decades, at least. For this reason, it is extremely important to recycle electronic devices in a proper manner. In addition to recycling, if weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re able to use our devices longer, we can reduce the number of them produced, which will save vital limited resources and conserve much-needed energy as well. 2. Social Impact The aim of the project on the long run is to is to show recognition to the people who have fewer chances on the Labor market and to contribute to their inclusion. Possible target groups that can be included in the production are the disabled, elderly, long-term unemployed and asylum-seekers.
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Chapter 10
Conclusion The effective and strategic way of upcycling can be a successful alternative to counter the people's demands for new consumer electronics and can also be a way of reviving the vintage era devices for their pride in the sound quality and make. upcycling can reduce the consumption of new raw materials in creating new products, which can thereby help in reducing pollution in various forms as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Provided a good market positioning through advertisements and creating the much-needed awareness about the needs for upcycling, it can reach out to people and produce a big change in how the industry works today. In the present scenario, there is an unavoidable need for new and sustainable approaches in upcycling and ReInc is all set to make the small steps count for this.
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Chapter 11
Useful links, Web Links http://www.instructables.com/id/DIY-Hi-Fi-Vintage-Receiver-Repair-and-Modificatio/ http://www.instructables.com www.c2ccertified.org www.epa.gov http://www.yeenet.eu/index.php/campaigns/up-cycling-campaign http://blog.marketresearch.com/5-steps-for-using-market-research-to-advertise-your-product https://www.quicksprout.com/the-complete-guide-to-building-your-personal-brand-chapter-2/ Americaupcycles.com Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoHw75IFOe8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llVKo6DHkvk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8BWFPIsQxE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VY9SBPo1Oy8 www.youtube.com/user/HackaweekTV
Videos
Web Links
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Reference Tom Szaky (2014) : Outsmart Waste: The Modern Idea of Garbage and How to Think Our Way Out of It Upcyclemagazine.com (2009) : What is upcycling? From, http://www.upcyclemagazine.com/ what-is-upcycling TerraCycle: From,https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/ about-terracycle?utm_campaign=admittance&utm_ medium=menu&utm_source=www.terracycle.com Hipcycle : From, http://hipcycle.com/our-story/ DieFabrik : From, http://www.diefabrik.org/content/about STW Design: From, http://berlin-re-cycling.com/idea-idee/ Tina Sieber(October 29, 2013) : 7 Things You Can Do With Your Old Electronic Devices From, http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/ 7-things-you-can-do-with-your-old-electronic-devices/ Holly Mangan : How Addiction to Electronics Affects the Environment & Our Lives From, http://www.moneycrashers.com/ are-we-addicted-to-consumer-electronics/ Globalsources.com(November,2016): Top 20 Most Popular Consumer Electronics Products For November 2016 From,http://www.globalsources.com/ST/ 20-Most-Popular-Products/ CONSUMER-ELECTRONICS.html
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Berlin.de : Flea Markets in Berlin From, https://www.berlin.de/en/shopping/ markets-and-flea-markets/ Metro Cable Network Channel 6: Upcycling(Video; October 10, 2013) From, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=67EBTcCM4Qk&t=236s Yeenet.eu: International Upcycling Campaign From, http://www.yeenet.eu/index.php/campaigns/ up-cycling-campaignTV
Images Cradle to Cradle model http://www.bluehair.co/corner/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Cradle-to-Cradle-illustration-v2.png Terracycle http://www.dwellsmart.com/TerraCycle-Tote-Malt-O-Meal-Black-Trim_2.jpg http://www.dwellsmart.com/TerraCycle-Tote-Toms-of-Maine_2.jpg Hipcycle http://hipcycle.com/media/catalog/product/8/0/ 80s_record_clock_hc_00461e_1.jpg Adidas and Parley Products http://willya.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/closer-look-at-adidas-x-parley-collaboration-world-oceans-da y-2.jpg
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Deifabrik http://www.diefabrik.org/media/products/47/ tombox279front.jpg STW Design http://berlin-re-cycling.com/wp-content/ uploads/2016/09/blamp2.jpg Old Vs new https://d3nevzfk7ii3be.cloudfront.net/igi/ wOLFfEEeSsi1HFWV.medium https://www.cnet.com/news/ how-can-30-year-old-receiverssound-better-than-new-ones/ https://farm7.static.flickr.com/ 6053/6386098963_e531383e65_b.jpg Where from an where to https://www.berlin.de/en/shopping/ markets-and-flea-markets/ http://blog.visitberlin.de/en/ 4290-the-top-11-berlin-flea-markets.html How to reach people https://www.facebook.com/BerlinDesignMarket/photos/ a.478454469014595.1073741839.278273449032699/4784 55335681175/?type=3&theater https://www.facebook.com/BerlinDesignMarket/photos/ a.478454469014595.1073741839.278273449032699/4784 55749014467/?type=3&theater Icons from, thenounproject.com
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REINCARNATION OF VINTAGE AUDIO ERA