Database fundamentals A database is all about the organization of data in a particular manner. Database systems are helpful in accessing data by various ways which is saved in computer. It is a collection of data which is organized in a way that is could be updated and managed spontaneously. It is a collection of tables, queries and schemas. It allows entry and storage of data to its user and updates the database accordingly.
There are many applications of a database systems. A few are listed below: 1. Educational institutes: database fundamentals are used in educational institutes for student’s information, semester, grades and registration numbers. 2. Air companies: in the history of database systems, airlines are the first consumers of database. In airlines, database is used on order to make schedules and reservations online and through telephone calls. 3. Financial transactions: financial transactions are also supported by database systems such as bonds and stocks. It is used for storing information regarding sales and purchases in financial organizations. 4. Production houses: database systems are used in production houses for the information of orders, manufacturing, information of products in stores and factories. 5. Human resources: it stores all the information about workers, salaries or wages of workers and paychecks. 6. Records: it is useful in the field of telecommunication. For the storage of calls, messages or to organize balances on calling cards.
Files are stored in databases in the form of fields, accounts and records of the stored data. Migration of databases are also possible from one DBMS to another. Normalization process consists of three levels which are discussed below:
First Normalization Form:
the first normalization form is about data redundancy. It contains tables in which rows and columns does not contains repentance in them. Primary key is dominant in this step. User can get any information related to that table by checking the primary key. It is a much better design to get redundant data. Second Normalization Form:
this is the step in which functional dependencies is involved. When first normalization form is completed then the data enters into the second normalization step. In this step a nonattribute key is totally dependent on the primary key of the database. Third normalization form:
this is the last and the final step of normalization process. In this process a primary or a candidate key in dominant. Third normalization form comes after second normalization form. Database proves high performance in every field. It protects the data strongly and ensure the safety of information. Database systems are easy to manage and shows flexibility while running programs. Database systems are the strength of web and data warehouses. For the students of database, Microsoft conducts many exams to enhance their expertise.