#THEWORLD PROCESS DOCUMENT
Loïs Lindeboom A118i
You should know that :
marked for personal weekly reflections
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Marked for reflections in between RESEARCH + WORK
WEEK 1
@Dimda_
#THEWORLD Looks..
#SHAREYOURWORLD
For my #shareyourworld assignment, I had to think for a long time about how to do it. Everyone’s lifes is a bit boring because of the pandemic. This is why I decided to dream about my backpack trip back in 2019. I inserted small shots of my everday life in it too.
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VALUE CHAIN ‘‘A value chain is a business model that describes the full range of activities needed to create a product or service. For companies that produce goods, a value chain comprises the steps that involve bringing a product from conception to distribution, and everything in between—such as procuring raw materials, manufacturing functions, and marketing activities.’’
CIRCULAR ECONOMY ‘‘ A system where products are constantly made, used, collected and reintroduced into the supply chain as raw materials. This system effectively cycles textile products, fabrics & fibres through multiple, connected loops within and across industries, in a transparant and economic way.
SYMPOSIUM LECTURES
We decided to work together in Google Drive & share all our notes we took from the lectures together.
SYMPOSIUM PLANNING
We met up as a team to plan who was going to attend the different lectures. I thought it was a shame that I was not able to attend every lecture myself. We all decided to put our notes in a shared file on Google Docs so we could read each other’s findings. I was happily surprised everyone took a lot of notes themsleves which showed that everyone was very engaged in the different point of views on value chains.
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SYMPOSIUM LECTURES Notes
PERSONAL REFLECTION SYMPOSIUM The Symposium lectures were very inspring & encouranging to become a changemaker myself in the fashion industry. I have been a big ZAZI Vintage fan for a couple of years so I was very pleased with Jeanne’s appearance at the Humans behind the Garments lecture. The Diversity & Inclusion lecture was very subjective/ personal, but refreshing to learn more about other people’s opinions on these actual subjects. It got quite heatened up in the chatbox with the students to say the least. In this lecture, Leroy said something really interesting : ‘‘ The fashion industry is comparable with the foundations of old houses in Amsterdam. Both of them are rotten and need to be deconstructed in order to build a new/healthy system’’. I thougt that really summed up what the other lecturers’ praise as well. The Renewal workshop was very couraging, I thought the speaker Jeff was very hopeful for the future fashion industry & us 1st year students becoming changemakers. However, it made me quite sad that comapnies like his have to find solutions for garments in the end-of use state. I would rather see brands doing that themselves. It was overall a very interesting day but I thought it was a shame I couldn’t attend every lecture myself. Maybe AMFI should divide it better in 2 days next year...
Leroy (Diversity & Inclusion lecture): ‘‘ The fashion industry is comparable with the foundations of old houses in Amsterdam. They’re both rotten and need to be deconstructed in order to build a new & healthy system. ‘‘
PRESENTATION Talk I
FEEDBACK TALK I Nadine: • Liked the fact Lois and alaska complimented each other’s words • Would have liked some more in depth research on the value chain Teacher: • Liked the fact we used contradictions • Good conclusion with the foundations, but maybe the presentation needed more foundation. • Presentation lacked maybe structure • More of an introduction of a group → name & team What did we like about other people’s presentations: Liv & Mare’s presentation was very professional and well rounded. Almost like an overall overview ( like a drone) of the symposium lectures and picked out their symposium highlights together as a group. They connected it really well if the questions that needed to be answered in the presentation.
Feedback to ourselves: Tops: • The graphics were really good & engaging • Human & passionate way in presenting → didn’t come off forced Tips: • More structured presentation • Speak more as a whole team • More research & use of the ‘tip questions’ they gave beforehand • Show more insights we overall gained as a group The presentation was a bit too short. PLAN: As a group we want to be more on top of everything. We agree that we meet up after every workshop on zoom together and arrange what needs to be done & by who - reflect what we learned/ worked on etc.
Research from symposium
MATERIALS
ZAZI uses next to vintage embroidered fabrics & Suzani embroidery also: upcycled Mongolian Sheepskin - ZAZI claims all their sheepskins are vintage finds that are stitched together GOTS certified organic cotton - naturally dyed1 One of the NGO’s ZAZI VINTAGE works closely together with, is the Institute for Philanthropy and Humanitarian Development (IPHD). IPHD is a nonprofit based in a small village outside of Jodhpur, India. The founder of IPHD, Vaishnav Madhu struggled with the fact that there is often too little infrastructure , education or options to create long term sustainable support. At a certain point, she realized that every woman in India is gifted a sewing machine when they marry. They also all know how to sew. Vaishnav realized this was an opportunity. She saw the common thread in the community that almost every woman had a viable skill that was not being utilized.2
HOW DID YOU CALCULATE THE PERCENTAGES THAT GO TO THE COLLECTORS AND PROJECTS? \We want to give the women that join the network a high income in comparison to the usual pay re-
ceived working in the fashion industry in their country. If you look at the data of Human rights watch, the average income of a woman working 16 hours in a factory right now is about 25 cents an hour in the main clothing factories in Bangalore, India. A collector from the same area, gathering vintage clothing, earns 5.5 EU for every hour that she works on the project and will receive 10 % of the EU selling price. Which could result in having a monthly income of over 1000 eu or more if she finds incredible pieces. The only thing she needs to do is go around villages, connect with the women there and find authentic vintage pieces. 3
REFLECTION RESEARCH:
QR CODE for my google docs research
I am personally as I said a big fan of Jeanne de Kroon, so it was interesting for me personally to do further research on her brand, ZAZI Vintage. I read a lot of articles/ interviews with her and looked on the information they give on their website. It looks overall very transparant to me. However, I am wondering how she can actually keep track on the workconditions & empowerment she promises if her manufacturers are on the other side of the world. I started thinking quite critical, also because the other brands’ manufacturing process takes places in the NL so it’s much easier to keep track.
WEEK 2
#THEWORLD NEEDS...
STINKY FISH ASSIGNMENT
Our first ideas were ‘ lack of transparancy from fashion brands (greenwashing) or ‘brands stealin from artists’ . We as a group preferred the last one, because we thought it would be more original. Both the teachers thought the ideas for stinky fish very interesting/ actual but they were to difficult to do research proper research on. They suggested us to brainstorm further and have a think overnight about it. And so we did.
FINDING A NEW STINKY FISH
We brainstormed for over 2 days. We were all very indecisive & struggling to agree on an interesting/ easy stinky fish to do research on. On the second day, however, I started discussing the current black friday sales / christmas coming up & how influencers on both youtube & instagram post these massive clothing hauls. We as a group started wondering were these ‘returned’ garments out of the bunch end up? Well, at landfills. And this is how we agreed on our stinky fish: the unsustainable effects on online ‘free’ returns in the fashion industry’’
“Fashion is the biggest e-commerce segment and the one with the highest return rates. Over half of the fashion e-commerce returns are fit-related, reaching even higher numbers when looking at the women’s segment alone.’’4
research Due to the eCommerce boom, returns have increased in volume by 95% over 5 years. The unfortunate truth is that many returns, are not put back on the market and are incinerated or trashed instead. Most companies, including Amazon, avoid processing and reselling those returns simply because it costs more than destroying them, with their eyes focused only on the bottom line.5 On average in Europe, the return rate for online clothing shopping is around 25% 40% , while in-store purchases have a return rate of 5-10% (Ecommerce- Europe, 2016b).6
Source: K. Saleh, E-commerce Product Return Rate – Statistics and Trends [Infographic] , From: https://www. invespcro.com/
I am personally very surprised with the fact that 67% of E-Commerce consumers check the return page BEFORE ordering. I start assuming that these consumers already consider returning the ordered items/garments.
For example, Statista estimates that return deliveries in the US alone will cost $550 billion by 2020, and that doesn’t include the labor and disposition costs. 7 Most of the quality and durability of garments in the value segment makes reuse a challenge, with many items designed poorly, using cheap materials and processes to reduce costs of production. ( fast fashion industry) 8 Another culprit may surprise you. Burberry was caught burning returned clothing, bags, and perfume that amounted to £90 million over 5 years. Vasil’s theory is that Burberry wanted to maintain their exclusive and high-end image by choosing incineration over donating their brand name clothing to charitable organizations.9
Target group of our stinky fish
source: N. Bhasin , 2019 The four personas of serial return customers, Courtesy of Newmine, https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/ personas-of-a-serial-returner-1203333197/
Navjit Bhasin, ceo of Newmine, came up with the 4 different personas that return a lot of garments : 1. Compulsive shopper - This consumer buys multiple garments inconsiderable. They feel a feeling of guilt & remorse which leads into returning back the garments to avoid that feeling the next or the same day. 10 2. The Wardrobers - Robers = taking advantage of the ‘relaxed’ return policies. These consumers order different garments for special occassions, wear them once & return them back damaged or with stains. 3. Social Media Wardrobers - These consumers get highly influenced by the current social media/influencer culture. Hashtags like #OOTD carries them away to order complete outfits online for a instagram picture & they will return the worn garments after that. 4. Bracketers - These consumers swapped the in-store-dressing rooms for their own home fitting rooms. They order large amounts of different colors & sizes to try out at home and return the unwanted onces.
Everyone had to write their personal impact statement first. After that we compared ours in the workshop & came to the agreement to this final impact statement. It took little effort to come to this Impact Statement, because they were nearly identical to each other.
PRESENTATION TALK II Boris & I did the Talk II together. I was a bit nervous because Boris is at his parents’ house in Spain so we had to create the presentation online through zoom. I thought it would bring some difficulties but we were actually very productive together in the morning. We divided the research evenly to talk about it in a very natural way. We agreed as a group that last weeks’ talk needed some improvement, but we were good at talking ‘casual’ about the subjects. We wanted to bring these skills to the next talk. And so we did. We received nothing but good feedback which was great!
FEEDBACK TALK II HALIMAT/DAISY: - Liked the way we introduced ourselves as a brand MANTAS: - opening picture looked like a 90s pop group haha.. Teacher: • She could see we took the feedback from last week in consideration and used it. • Very clear visuals again - not too much text • We spoke in a very natural way - almost like a conversation • We spoke about difficult ‘ stuff’ but made it our own in the way we presented it.
Feedback to ourselves: • Keep the ideas we have for next weeks’ sketching & prototyping
WEEK 3
#THEWORLD IS...
USEFUL FEEDBACK ON TELL A TALE Alaska (Marta):
Mateusz:
Tops:
Tops:
• Really like the fact I used so many facts with good referencing comes off professional •
•
Professional, original visuals.
• Informative way of writing - tone of voice
Tips:
•
• image of kendall jenner on runway doesn’t make a real impact with the article • maybe put more of an idea of a solution in the article
Good Referencing
Janne: Yuxin (Albee): TOPS: • Rethorical question is very good • Engaging way of writing to let the reader think about their impact • Makes readers think about an unknown issue in the fashion industry
TIPS: • Some minor spelling errors • referencing should be on just 1 page instead of 2.
TOPS: • Brave title, like that one • engaging to end the article with a question - makes people reconsider their consumption behavior • a lot of sources and referencing very good TIPS: • Replace the 1st picture with one from the collage with the boxes makes more of an impact with the article
Branding on Nostalgia Aligning marketing strategies with emotion has already proven to be successful, but tapping into fond memories can be an invaluable tactic, especially for engaging millennials. Brands from all industries are experimenting with nostalgia marketing — tapping into positive cultural memories from previous decades, designed to drive energy to modern campaigns.11 Our Target Market for the App are mostly female, young consumers who like to shop ( think about Millenials/ Gen-Z with a disposable income). Most of these consumers have all grown up in the 90s/ early 00s with movies such as Mean girls, Bratz and Clueless. They probably all know about the iconic ‘virtual fitting room’ scene in Clueless that we’re trying to have a play on.
PROTOTYPE 1
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REFLECTION WEEK 3 + FEEDBACK TALK III
WEEK 4
#THEWORLD MAKES US...
expert lectures Week 4
Loïs
This was my favorite lecture of the world. The girls were very inspiring with all the examples they gave of what’s possible nowadays in virtual reality and how that can align with the fashion industry. It was also interesting to hear from them that working with a brands’ guidelines ( like Burberry) can at times limit the designers creativity which is challenging at times. The girls gave me a lot of tips on programmes they use in the live Q&A, which was extremely helpful.
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FEC R E P
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FASHION FOR GOOD BODY SCAN The Fashion For Good Museum in Amsterdam focusses on circular and sustainable design, exploring the stories behind how clothes are made and promoting ethics and sustainability. Each visitor to the museum will pass through a series of interactive exhibits and installations where they can learn more about taking action and helping to support sustainability in fashion.
UNSPUN – a unique body scan and 3D weaving technology that can create a perfectly fitting pair of jeans, on demand with no waste or harmful chemicals. Get your measurements scanned and order your pair in the museum!
Research Nessecity of our Concept As Tommy Hilfiger’s CEO Daniel Grieder said, “it’s not about turnover by squarefoot anymore. It’s about surprise by square foot, or newness,” and this is where virtual reality comes in. “12
SCAN FOR FULL RESEARCH FILE
Uri Minkoff, CEO of the brand Rebecca Minkoff sees this replacing the classic e-commerce platforms in the future. ‘‘Virtual reality indeed seems to be the perfect, refreshing way for brands to directly engage with consumers.’’13
text importance e-commerce. 14
THE STATE OF FASHION
The global pandemic this year resulted in fashion retail making a definitive shift online. Over a period of just eight months, e-commerce’s share of fashion sales nearly doubled from 16% to 29% globally - something that concerns our impact statement. Over the next year, momentum in e-commerce will only accelerate. Fashion executives see digital as the biggest opportunity by far for 2021, with 70 percent of executives expecting growth of more than 20 percent in their e-commerce channels.
‘‘Retail isn’t dead, but boring retail is dead,” said Rania Masri, chief transformation officer of Chalhoub Group, a Dubai-based retail and distribu-tion company that partners with global luxury brands across the Middle East.57 “It ’s always multi-layered, it’s not just about tech, it’s also about the people and how they work together in order to change and develop the experience we want to offer.”15 This Survey made me realize again how important it is in such a competing world of fashion e-commerce, to engage your consumers in a creative & innovative experience.
ASKING PEERS OPINIONS on the Concept
Asking peers on social media in order to get an insight in their engagement to our concept. The Majority voted yes. The 10% of the people who voted no , all claimed they prefer to feel the fabrics before they purchase a garment. This is something I do myself as well which is difficult to tackle in this concept. I did some research on the possibilities that are discovered in Virtual Reality.
Feeling A Garment through Virtual Reality What is Virtual Reality ? Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-simulated, realistic three-dimensional environment. VR heightens a user’s sense of being in the environment and enables the user to interact with the environment.16 The fashion industry has responded to the changes and opportunities provided by the digital revolution with great enthusiasm. As we’ve seen, bloggers have emerged all over the world, street style sites provide world trend feedback, and labels now engage with consumers in new ways. The demand for new ideas in fashion has been propelled ever faster by the consumer’s increased knowledge of the industry and trends, and the ability to instantly share this with others, on a global scale. Brands now have to consider the new nuances of promotion and marketing demanded by an ever more market-savvy and digitally-informed customer.17
VR in order to feel a fabric “We are investigating how far it is possible to provide a user with a completely reliable sense of fabric through a virtual experience,” says project coordinator Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann of the University of Geneva. The HAPTEX partners were working on a multimodal perception of textiles in virtual environments. Their goal was to achieve, by project closed in November 2007, a visual representation of virtual textiles with a haptic/ tactile interface, which will allow users to ‘feel’ the virtual garment.18 The researchers say the system recreates the feel of a fabric with an impressive degree of realism to the point where it is possible to distinguish textiles by their texture alone. Adding more pins to the fingertip arrays and getting them to move faster would further improve the experience. Though the device developed in the HAPTEX project is still a long way from being ready for commercial use, the researchers’ work has nonetheless opened the door to a future in which online shopping and gaming is a much more immersive and realistic experience.
Haptic Technology Haptic technology, also known as kinaesthetic communication or 3D touch, which refers to any technology that can create an experience of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user. These technologies can be used to create virtual objects in a computer simulation, to control virtual objects, and to enhance remote control of machines and devices (telerobotics).19
Pitch In Front of Peers
Boris & Alaska did our prototype pitch while me & Julieta attended the others. It was very inspiring to see how other groups’ progressed and what they’ve been working on lately. We did a lot of brainstorming the nights before and did more research on other success stories in virtual reality in the fashion industry. --> to show that our concept has potential. We stumbled across a lot of high fashion brands who did something with game design in VR. However, in the feedback, we found out this research mentoined in the pitch brought a lot of confusion as if we were going to design a game ourselves for the prototype. We decided not to use that research in our final assesment..
RECAP WEEK 4
WEEK 5
#THEWORLD BRINGS...
T ell a Tale EDITED
Tell A Tale Workshop
The Butter Cup
Do you remember the days you were a child and you visited your grandparents. Your grandma asked you excitedly if you were hungry. Of course you answered yes, because you knew what you were about to expect. Some heartwarming, nearly melting spread on freshly baked bread. It makes you water your mouth when you think back about it, right? Those memories are fading into darkness. Nowadays, I find myself in the same time, same routine with the same bread & plain butter. Rushing from home & rushing back home. Only focusing on time saving deliciousness. No opportunity to pay a visit to my loved ones in these crazy times. Nor finding the opportunity to fabricate that specific butter yourself. No contact anymore with that delightful nostalgia. I found myself in the cafeteria and I heard a big ‘Bang’. I rushed outside to make sure everything was okay. But from that moment on, everything changed. There was a big crater in front of AMFI with a modest cup of butter inside it. I picked it up and took it with me. I found myself barely resisting that delicious smell. That smell, that reminded me of how my grandma used to indulge me into that glory. The memories I use to cherish so much with my grandmother popped up in my head straight away. I gently stuck my nose into the little cup. The creamy butter by accident touched the tip of my nose. In a split of a second, I felt myself getting teleported to my grandma’s kitchen table. I could smell the fresh bread she used to bake me.
To practice for our individual assessment, we had to ‘tell a tale’ about a irrelevant object. I was in a group with Nadine, Jinte & Clara and. We picked a ‘ herb butter cup’ Nadine found out she forgot to eat for her lunch. It was one of my favourite workshop’s during #THEWORLD because we had a very great dynamic in writing out the text and coming up with an appealing , nostalgic story. The positive feedback on the way we wrote it & how I presented it was a great energy boost for the tell a tale.
Individual #THEWORLD Experience
Received a lot of good feedback: - Teacher Daniel likes the ‘chatty’ way I present - Engaging visuals - Good Referencing with quotes from f.e. the symposium lectures
THE HEADLINER WORKSHOP
For the last workshop of #theWorld, we had to come up with a headliner on the New York Times. A headliner of what our concept as a team will change in the future. For us, that was very easy. We all wrote down quite a similar goal that we easily put into one headliner as shown above. We hope with our app that fashion waste will be reduced by at least 60%. With our Virtual Closet App, we aim for consumers to make more conscious decisions in ordering garments online. Our App will also help make consumers realize what they still can do with unworn garments in their closet, rather than ‘throwing’ or ‘donating’ it away.
Last 5 min. Presentation + Feedback moment
RECAP WEEK 5
Finetuning the Prototype for Presenting
Taking the last feedback from Fiona in consideration ,we wanted to make our concept + prototype more ‘characterized’ with the nostalgic 90s/00s vibes as we promised. We decided to make the prototype more fun with over the top visuals such as the section in the App where you pick your mood. I did all the visuals for the videos and Boris edited it together. It definitely was hard working on that during the as a team online over the holidays, but we managed to make something very fun out of it. It feels like we got the fun back in it and I feel excited to present it with more character and spice.
VIDEO 1
VIDEO 2
Thank you, #THEWORLD Before I started the world, I did not know what to expect. I thought we would just get some more education on sustainability in the fashion industry. The first week got kicked off big with a day full of lectures at the Symposium. It was genuiely inspiring to hear in such a personal way from brands/designers/entrepeneurs how they make a difference in the fashion industry. I never thought, however, that we had to become changemakers ourselves for the upcoming weeks. Everyone’s ‘world’ turned upside down with the pandemic and it was challenging at times to do everything from a distance. I am very proud how much me & my team progressed and how we got the opportunity to get to know each other throughout these weeks in a team collaboration. I think we came up with a refreshing, fun solution to our issue with the current return and throwaway culture of fashion by consumers. Thank you first of all, #TheWorld, for challenging me to think outside of the box. I had to try to come up with innovative solutions and try to prototype and sell them. Almost as if me & my team were a brand ourselves. Next to that, I feel like I never got that much of a challenge to become a team player for a longer period of time. I overall thought #TheWorld was a very refreshing way of educating students to become changemakers ourselves as a next generation, because I fondly believe there’s still a long way to go in the industry..
Endnotes
1 Zazi Vintage , 2020 , Index for Materials, viewed 17 november 2020 <https://www.zazi-vintage.com/index-of-materials > 2 Wagenknecht , 2018, How to change the world, one dress at a time, viewed 17 november 2020 <https://www.forbes.com/sites/addiewagenknecht/2018/04/23/how-to-change-the-world-one-dress-at-atime/?sh=5ce342473345 > 3 Gathering Farm , 2018, ZAZI Vintage , viewed on 17 november 2020 <https://www.gathering.farm/ blog/2018/3/1/zazi-vintage > 4 Wijk, L. , 2018, What are the factors that drive the different fit-related returns in women’s fashion e-commerce and who is affected by them? , viewed on 20 november 2020 , Hogeschool van Amsterdam 5 Moran, P, 2019, ‘It’s pretty staggering’: Returned online purchases often sent to landfill, journalist’s research reveals , CBC Radio 6 S. Cullinane , M. Browne, E. Karlsson, Y. Wang , 2017 , Retail clothing returns, a review of key issues, p. 10 , viewed on 20 november 2020 from: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319645245_Retail_clothing_returns_A_review_of_key_issues > 7 Bashin , N , 2019 , The Four Personas of a Serial Returner , viewed on 20 november 2020, WWD.com <https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/personas-of-a-serial-returner-1203333197/ > 8 ACCENTURE STRATEGY AND FASHION FOR GOOD, 2019, The future of circular fashion, p. 3, viewed on 23 november 2020, from: <https://fashionforgood.com/news/resource-library/> 9 Cullinane S. , Browne M. , Karlsson E. , Wang Y. , 2017, Retail clothing returns, a review of key issues, p. 20 , viewed on 26 november 2020 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319645245_Retail_clothing_ returns_A_review_of_key_issues 10 Bashin , N , 2019 The Four personas of Serial Return customers, viewed on 26 november 2020 Courtesy of Newmine, from: https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/personas-of-a-serial-returner-1203333197/ 11 Friedman, L. , 2016, Why Nostalgia Marketing Works So Well With Millennials, And How Your Brand Can Benefit, viewed on 30 november 2020 , from: <https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurenfriedman/2016/08/02/whynostalgia-marketing-works-so-well-with-millennials-and-how-your-brand-can-benefit/?sh=5370a9483636> 12 Johns, A. ,2016, 4 Reasons Why Fashion Brands Are Adopting Virtual Reality , viewed on 1 december 2020 from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/awane-jones/virtual-reality-fashion_b_10069340.html. 13 Sutherlind, M. , 2016 , Designers Tap Virtual Reality Buzz For Retail, Fashion Week, viewed on 6 decemer 2020 from : <https://footwearnews.com/2016/business/retail/designers-virtual-reality-retail-rebecca-minkoff-tommy-hilfiger-193486/ > 14 McKinsey Fashion Scenarios, 2020, The State of Fashion 2021 , p. 34-35, viewed on 15 december 2020 15 BoF-McKinsey Fashion Scenarios, 2020 , The State of Fashion 2021 Survey, p. 36, viewed on 15 december 2020 16 Park, M., Im, H. & Kim, D.Y. , 2018 , Feasibility and user experience of virtual reality fashion stores, for Fash Text 5, p. 32. , from : <https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-018-0149-x > 17 Moore, G. , 2021, Fashion Promotion: Building a Brand through Marketing and Communication , digital fashion , p. 123 , E-book Bloomsbury Publishing , Bloomsbury Fashion Central 18 Magnenat-Thalmann, N , 2016 , Getting a feel for the fabric - virtually , viewed on 17 december 2020 from: https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/104769-getting-a-feel-for-the-fabric-virtually 19 Robles-De-La-Torre, G. , 2010, “International Society for Haptics: Haptic technology, an animated explanation”, viewed on 18 december 2020 from: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology#cite_note-2 >